Summary Worksheet- 5.0 ( Board Questions) 1.   Universities should never be made into mechanical organizations for collecting and distributing knowledge. Through them the people should offer their intellectual hospitality, their wealth of mind to others, and earn their proud right in return to receive gifts from the rest of the world. But in the whole length and breadth of India there is not a single University established in the modem time where a foreign or an Indian student can properly be acquainted with the best products of the Indian mind. For that we have to cross the sea, and knock at the doors of France and Germany. Educational institutions in our country are India's alms-bowl of knowledge; they lower our intellectual self-respect; they encourage us to make a foolish display of decorations composed of borrowed feathers.  Unit-6, Lesson-1 [CB, J.B-2019;S.B-2018; Dj.B-2017] 2.   According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the people of a region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within, bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been performed in indigenous theatre. hi fact, some Gazir past scrolls are part of the collection of the British Museum. I Unit-9, Lesson-3   [R.B-2019] 3.   Conflict can be defined in many ways but one of the simplest is that it pertains to the opposing ideas and actions of different entities, resulting in an antagonistic state. Conflict is an inevitable part of life. All of us possess our own_ opinions, ideas and sets of beliefs. We have our own ways of looking at things and we act according to what we think is proper. Hence, we often find ourselves in conflict in different scenarios; it may involve other individuals, groups of people or a struggle within our own selves. Consequently, conflict influences our actions and decisions in one way or another. Conflict comes naturally;,the clashing of thoughts and ideas is a part of the human experience. It is true that it can be destructive if left uncontrolled. However, it shouldn't be seen as something that can only cause negative things to transpire. It is a way to come up with more meaningful realizations that can certainly be helpful to the individuals involved. I Unit-I2; Lesson-2     Dj.B-2019 4.   In Bangladesh folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Folk music is formed and develops according to the environment. Differences in the natural environment are reflected in the people of the different regions. The dialects too vary across the different regions. Bangladeshi folk music therefore varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs.  Unit-14, Lesson-2         Ctg.B-2019 5.   Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrolment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions. But due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education. Moreover, those who get places in the universities have limited access to avail all kinds of diversified educational facilities relating to their study fields. Drily about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities. In the last two decades, there has been a substantial rise in the number of students in private universities. According to the UGC Annual Report 2010, the number rose from 88,669 in 2005 to 2,00,752 in 2010.   Unit-6, Lesson-2 CTGB-2019; B.B-2017] 6.   As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders, spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possible, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you cal* always behave the way you want specially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. We have two terms to describe our social behavior— 'etiquette' and 'manners'. 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word 'manners' means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practice them in everyday life. 1 Unit-4; Lesson-     B.B-2019 7.   Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beets, lakes, and vast areas of tloodplains. Hakaluki haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 1,90,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh. Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beets and jalmahals. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulviba7ar and Sylhet. Some 1,90,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor. Hakaluki haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boa!, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda, and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara there are frequent upstream movements of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parents fish. 1 Unit-8; Lesson-2        1RB, C.B,Ctg.B, B.B-2018] 8.   Anne Frank is perhaps the most well-known victim of the Nazi Holocaust of World War II. Anne, born on June 12, 1929, was given a diary at the age of 13, in which she chronicled her life from 1942 to 1944. During this time, Anne spent two years in hiding with her family in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam in a secret annex with four other Jews. Betrayed and discovered in 1944, Anne was sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where she died of typhus in 1945. Anne's father, Otto Frank, was the only occupant of the secret annex to survive the war. In 1947, he published Anne's diary as The Diary of a Young Girl. Anne's account of her internment, as well as her deep belief in humanity has become one of the world's most widely read books.  Unit-5, Lesson-5     M.B-2017] 9.   My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away. Now she is married to another man. My father lives very far away. 1 want to go to him, but he won't take me either. The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice-cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the beach. But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box was quite heavy when it was full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice-cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice-cream. In a way, I am lucky because I am alive. One of my friends was recently killed after he fell into a hole that opened up in the pile of trash. A boy I know lost one of his eyes after a piece of hot glass flew into his eye at the glass factory where he worked. The owner refused to pay for medical treatment. For me, like all other street children, life is very hard. I am looking for work. I am always hungry, and I don't know where I will sleep at night.   Unit-7, Lesson-4    [R.B-2017] 10.      "I’m not in the least hungry," my guest sighed, "but if you insist If don't mind having some asparagus." I ordered them. "Aren't you going to have any?" "No, I never eat asparagus." "I know there are people who don't like them. The fact is, you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat." We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now of how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill. The asparagus appeared. They were enormous, succulent and appetizi.n. The smell of the melted butter tickled my nostrils "Yes, just an ice-cream and coffee," she answered. I was past caring now. So, I ordered coffee for myself and an ice-cream and coffee for her. "You know, there's one thing I believe in," she said, as she ate the ice-cream. "One should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more."  Unit-3; Lesson-2            [J.B-2017 11.      Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara- Police Station of Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and .the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination. The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a 'Kua'-or well -dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells in the neighbourhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply. Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. I Unit-8, Lesson-5   [S.B-2017] 12.      A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, including ban of guns, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve these ends include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, diplomacy, boycotts, demonstrations, peace camps, supporting anti-war political candidates, and banning guns. creating open government, direct democracy, supporting people who expose war-crimes or conspiracies to create wars, and making laws. Different organizations involved in peace movements may have some diverse goals, but one common goal is sustainability of peace. Peace movement is basically an all-encompassing "anti-war movement". It is primarily characterized by a belief that human beings should not wage war on each other or engage in violent conflicts over language, race, natural resources, religion or ideology. It is believed that military power is not the equivalent of justice. The peace movement tends to oppose the proliferation-of dangeroui technologies and weapons of mass destruction, in particular, nuclear weapons and biological warfare. Moreover, many object to the export of weapons including hand-held machine guns and grenades by leading economic nations to lesser developed nations.  Unit-I2, Lesson-5 13.      We human beings tend to forget how far we have come as a species in a relatively short period of time. It was only in the 1870s, when we had the first house that was lighted with electricity. Cars just started to become available 100 years ago. Charles Lindbergh made the first trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. Televisions didn't become widely available until after World War H. kr other words, the advances humankind has made in a relatively short period of time have been nothing short of extraordinary. Perhaps just as extraordinary is how we tend to simply adapt to these incredible changes, not realizing how completely our world has been altered in a short span of time. With that in mind, it is worth looking back at some of the amazing scientific advances we have made in the last few decades.   Unit-13, Lesson-I 14.      While many alternatives to fossil fuels have been investigated, there is still quite a way to go before mankind's energy, supply is completely renewable. As of today, about 85% of all energy comes from fossil fuels. The reason clean energy is considered to be important is because fossil fuels are not expected to last much longer, they pollute the environment, and they have led to tensions between nations. The reason clean energy is hard to come by is that we've the past 150 years dependent on oil, and it's quite difficult to make the switch. Some have even suggested that the technology for producing vast amount of clean energy already exists but is suppressed by big oil companies. However, several European countries have produced considerable amounts of clean energy, Current methods of clean energy include wind, geothermal, tidal, hydropower, nuclear and bio-fuel.         Unit-13, Lesson-3 15.       A craftwork is a dynamic object—always evolving, and always abreast of changing tastes and preferences. It also represents a way of life and a cultural flavour. Therefore changes in lifestyle and material conditions are expected to have their impact on craftworks and their production. But certain forms, shapes, styles and aesthetic preferences change little over time, suggesting that a craftwork can function as a stable signifier of community values and desires over time. Mechanical and mass production take away this feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity that the handmade craftwork evokes. In the clash between expectations of pure, handmade craftworks and the market need of mechanically produced craftworks, two contesting views emerge: on the one hand; traditionalists contend that the society needs to preserve the authenticity and naturalness of craftworks and their association with domesticity and environment arid, on the other, promoters of machine produCtion argue that the machine has helped restore the appeal of the crafts due to their cheaper ptoducticin costs.       Unit-14, Lesson-3 16.      We set out on the evening of July 21st . Food. was scarce in the village so Abdul packed a suitcase with two loaves and some tea and tins of milk, cheese and jam. We travelled Intermediate class in a cross- country train not uncomfortably crowded, through a country of shadowy loveliness. It was a moonlit night of broken soft clouds: the land was mostly under water, with paddy and coco-palms growing from it, and a few raised cart-tracks and groups of cottages islanded among clumps of bushes, all reflected among shadows. Here and there was the red glow of a cooking-fire or the lantern of a fisherman's boat in open water. At dawn we reached Sonaimuri, a small canal-side station-among wide fields; from there we had eight more miles by country boat, some of it along the canal, some of it across the flooded paddy fields. I was looking forward to that tranquil water journey in the early morning, and tranquil it must have been, for I fell instantly asleep and knew no more till we reached the landing-ghat at Khorshed's house, in a blaze of sunlight. It turned out that his letter saying that he was bringing me was still on its way, but they rallied to the crisis and gathered round to make me welcome, though as none of them spoke any English they could only stare and laugh and offer me cocci-nut juice. Unit-15, Lesson-1 17.      Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the capital's markets, a recent survey has found. A 15-member team of the National Food Safety Laboratory, with support from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), came up with the findings after collecting and testing food samples from the capital's Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali markets. The survey report, a copy of which was acquired by the Dhaka Tribune, read that nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables contained banned pesticides such as DDT, Aldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. The amounts of pesticide in these samples were found to be 3 to 20 times greater than the limits set by the European Union. Around 50% vegetables and 35% fruits were found to be contaminated with unsafe level of pesticides.     Unit-3, Lesson-1 18.      It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin quarter overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered and I was too young to have learned to say no to a woman ... I had eighty francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough. I answered that I would meet my friend by correspondence at Foyot's on Thursday at half-past twelve. She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive. She was, in fact, a woman of forty... and she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose. She Vas talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener.          Unit-3, Lesson-2 19.      We have two terms to describe our social behaviour- 'etiquette' and `manners."Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behaviour in society. The word 'manners' means the behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food. in one's mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practise them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say 'please' and 'thank you' in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as 'pardon me', 'excuse me', 'may I', are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. Unit-4, Lesson-1 20.      World Health Organization (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication.      Unit-5, Lesson-I 21.      The persona of a traffic policeman has always been a curious one. It has often found important space and close treatment in literature and other arts. Besides the many poems about this fascinating character, there is at least one movie where the central character is a traffic policeman. In 1963, Greek film maker [Hippos Fylaktos made this film named My Brother, the Traffic Policeman. It featured a slightly manic traffic policeman, Antonis Pikrocholos, who is utterly devoted to service and duty, and applies the traffic code with unyielding severity. Tickets rain down upon law­breakers-in particular taxi-drivers and especially Lampros, who happens to be in love with Pikrocholos' sister Fofo. In his turn, the traffic policeman is in love with a businessman's daughter, Kiki, who is afraid to reveal her feelings to her father. Besides, Antonis has given lots of traffic tickets to a bus belonging to her father's company. For all these reasons, the road to marriage for both couples is long and strewn with obstacles, but the outcome is a happy one for everyone involved.          Unit-2, Lesson-4 22.      Shilpi was only 15 years old when she married Rashid in 2008. Marrying off daughters at an early age is a standard practice for many families living in rural Bangladesh. After her wedding, Shilpi joined a local empowerment group that provides adolescent girls with the tools needed to gradually change cultural practices, particularly those pertaining to early marriage and pregnancy. The group's activities include discussions on how to most effectively change behaviour related to reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. It also offers peer-to-peer support and life skills training that help adolescents say no to early marriage. The empowerment group is one of more than 10,000 groups supported by some local Non Government Organizations (NGOs) working all over Bangladesh. These NGOs work through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project which also aims to increase access to quality health services for adolescents. During one of the group sessions, Shilpi came to understand the potentially harmful effects of early marriage and pregnancy.    Unit-5, Lesson-4 23.      In the Bengali language there is a modem maxim which can be translated, 'He who learns to read and write rides in a carriage and pair.' In English there is a similar proverb, 'Knowledge is power.' It is an offer of a prospective bribe to the student, a promise of an ulterior reward which is more important than knowledge itself. Unfortunately, our very education has been successful in depriving us of our real initiative and our courage of thought. The training we get in our schools has the constant implication in it that it is not for us to produce but to borrow. And we are casting about to borrow our educational plans from European institutions. The trampled plants of Indian corn are dreaming of recouping their harvest from the neighbouring wheat fields. To change the figure, we forget that, for proficiency in walking, it is better to train the muscles of our own legs than to strut upon wooden ones of foreign make, although they clatter and cause more surprise at our skill in using them than ifthey were living and real. I Unit-6, Lesson-1 24.      Man's intellect has a natural pride in its own aristocracy, which is the pride of its culture. Culture only acknowledges the excellence whose criticism• is in its inner perfection, not in any external success. When this pride succumbs to some compulsion of necessity or lure of material advantage, it brings humiliation to the intellectual man. Modern India, through her very education, has been made to suffer this humiliation. Once she herself provided her children with a culture which was the product of her own ages of thought and creation. But it has been thrust aside, and we are made to tread the mill of passing examinations, not for learning anything, but for notifying that we are qualified for employments under organizations conducted in English. Our educated community is not a cultured community, but a community of qualified candidates. Meanwhile the proportion of possible employments to the number of claimants has gradually been growing narrower, and the consequent disaffection has been widespread. At last the very authorities who are responsible for this are blaming their victims. Such is the perversity of human nature. It bears its worst grudge against those it has injured.   Unit-6, Lesson-1 25.      Public Universities are the first choices of most students. The public universities offer a wide range of subjects in Science, Commerce, Liberal Arts, Humanities, Engineering and Technology, Law, Education and Medicine. Public universities attract the best minds to teaching although monetary compensation for teachers is anything but attractive. Library, laboratory, Internet and research facilities are much better there than anywhere else in the country. Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates and exhibitions are often held in these institutions and there is ample scope for national and international exposures for promising young knowledge seekers. Moreover, public universities offer residential and boarding facilities at low cost/subsidized rates.  Unit-6, Lesson-2 26.      Cursed or not, we know how drinking water is in our life. We know we cannot; survive without it In fact two-thirds of our body is made up of water. Not for nothing is it said that the other name of water is life. Is there a crisis in our time with regard to access to clean drinking water? The United Nations in a meeting on the eve of the new millennium identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. But do we need to worry about the problem as ours is a land of rivers and we have plenty of rainfall? Besides, we have a sea in our backyard too. One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life, literature, economy and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A few are already dead and several are going throng,h the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air around it. But that is not what it was like before.                                                                       Unit-8, Lesson-1 27.      Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself pli7zling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, lees start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening imagery; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unravelling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.     Unit-10, Lesson-1 28.      British-Bangladesh, also known as British-Bengalis, are an important part of the Bangladeshi diaspora or those of Bangladeshi origin who are living abroad. Almost half of all British-Bangladeshis live in London, especially in the East London boroughs, of which Tower Hamlets has the highest concentration. Today a tourist who is new to London may well decide to malce her way over to the East End of the city, to visit 'Banglatown'. After exiting the Tube Station there she might follow the signs that point to Brick Lane, a street that has gained certain notoriety from Monica Ali's best-selling novel of the same name, which was also made into a movie. She may decide to try out one of the many Bangladeshi restaurants she sees there for lunch. Sitting at one of the tables with a window onto the street, she might notice that the street signs are not just in English but also in Bengali. And the lamp-posts are in green and red- the colors of the Bangladeshi flag. In fact everywhere she looks she finds visual cues of the Bangladeshi, and even more specifically, the Sylheti presence in the area. Storefronts advertise flights from London to Sylhet, some on Bangladesh Biman (the national airline of Bangladesh) and others on Air Sylhet, a private airline company formed by British Bangladeshis. There is a sign for Sonali Bank- the major state-owned commercial bank of Bangladesh. There is a food store advertising frozen fish from Sylhet's Surma River. Unit-11, Lesson-2 29.      Migration from Bangladesh to Britain started in 1930s and was predominantly a Sylheti phenomenon. Men of this particular geographical area employed by the British ship companies first started the process of migration. These men were largely illiterate and belonged to the landless peasantry. After the World War II, due.to labour shortages, British government encouraged labour migration from its former colonies. The post-war British economy demanded cheapand plentiful labour, much of which was recruited from South Asia. Since Sylhet had already forged a strong link with the UK, most new labour was drawn from there. Sylhetis, based in the UK, helped each other to integrate into the new society by providing credit, arranging documents, and gradually spreading the network. During the 1950s, the numbers increased dramatically. However, along with people from poorer backgrounds, a small number of urban upper and middle class Bangladeshis also migrated even before the World War II for higher education and settled in the UK.           Unit-11, Lesson-4 30.      The cost of Dhaka's traffic congestion is estimated at $3.8 billion a year, and that's just the delays and air pollution, not the less-tangible losses in quality of life. Paradoxically, the poor infrastructure is one of the reasons why the city is growing so fast. Without roads or trains to whisk them to the suburbs, Dhaka residents have no choice but to crowd into the middle, set up slums between high-rises, and walk to work. Then there are the users of the roads. Besides pedestrians, the narrow lanes are shared by bicycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, CNGs, buses, and cars. All these modes take up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk to in Bangladesh blame the traffic jams on the rickshaws. There are too many of them, they say, and they drive so slowly that they trap the cars, buses, and CNGs behind them. The government is under pressure to designate some lanes as car-only, to build wider roads and overpasses, to take the slow traffic out from in front of the fast. And this brings us to the third reason why the traffic problem is so difficult to solve. All of these fixes sound easy and obvious, but they come at a cost. One and a half million people drive rickshaws for a living, plus another few hundred thousand own and repair them. Unit-2, Lesson-2 31.       Putting men on Mars has been an idea in science fiction for quite a while. However, when man first walked on the Moon, walking on Mars suddenly seemed feasible. A manned mission to Mars would be a huge milestone in space exploration. It would allow a more in-depth study of the Red Planet, and many have argued that building a permanentbase on Mars is much more practical than building one on the Moon. A mission to Mars would be similar to the Moon landings, but much more difficult. The trip is about a hundred times longer, and there are new problems such as the Martian weather which must be considered.. NASA currently has plans to have a man on Mars sometime in the 2030s, while the ESA plans to do so also around the same time. Russia has plans to launch a manned Mars mission by 2020. In the 19th century, it was generally thought that man would reach the centre of the Earth long before he reached the Moon. This shows just how unpredictable technology can be. A journey to the centre of the Earth is actually much more difficult than it sounds. The pressure at the centre of the Earth is enormous because, quite literally, the entire weight of the world is on top of you. There is no known substance, not even carbon nanotubes, that can maintain its shape at such a great pressure. While the Earth's deep interior may offer vast amounts of energy, it may be quite a while before we can tap into it directly.       Unit-13, Lesson-4 Summary Worksheet-5.0 Answer 1.               The text is about how a university should be. Universities should be established to cultivate potentiality. But the educational institutions in India are joyless and mechanical, and so, the students look forward to the European universities. The author further says that educational institutions in India lower the intellectual self-respect of the students. It also makes them to be furnished wrongly. Model-2 The author argues that universities should not simply collect and distribute knowledge but should also offer intellectual hospitality and exchange gifts with the rest of the world. However, in India, there is no modern university that adequately presents the best of Indian thought, forcing students to seek education in other countries. Indian educational institutions are seen as a charity bowl of knowledge, lowering the country's intellectual self-respect and promoting a foolish display of borrowed knowledge. 2.               Gazi Pir, a legendary Muslim preacher, was famous for his miraculous activities in the areas close to the Sundarbans. His legend is preserved in paat scroll paintings where be is depicted riding a ferocious tiger and with a snake in his hand. He is said to have the power of taming ferocious animals. He helped locals to live and cultivate lands closer to the forest. Some of his paat scrolls are preserved in the British Museum. Model-2   Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who spread Islam in parts of Bengal near the Sundarbans. He was known for performing miracles such as calming dangerous animals and fighting crocodiles. His vigilant presence kept predatory animals within bounds and enabled villagers to live close to forests and cultivate their lands. Gazi Pir's story has been preserved in folk literature, art, and indigenous theatre, including in Gazir past scrolls found in the collection of the British Museum. 3.               Conflict can have many definitions but all are related to a synthesis of antagonism. In fact, conflict is an inseparable part of human Iife. When we all try to establish our own thoughts, ideas and opinions, we find ourselves in conflict with our own selves, with other individuals or groups of people. Thus, conflict controls our decisions and actions. Again, conflict is a natural aspect of human life. However, though uncontrolled conflict is destructive, responsibly managed conflict may suggest meaningful understanding to people. Model 2- Conflict is an inevitable aspect of life resulting from opposing ideas and actions of different entities, leading to an antagonistic state. It may occur between individuals, groups, or within ourselves. Although it can be destructive if uncontrolled, it is a natural occurrence that can lead to meaningful realizations and positive outcomes. Conflict influences our actions and decisions in various scenarios, and it shouldn't be viewed solely as a source of negative outcomes. 4.               Various folk songs focus on social inequality, poverty, nature and riverine life of our country and also talk about the material and the metaphysical worlds. Rivers and boats are concurrently used metaphors in folk music. Since natural environment and dialects determine the nature of folk music, Bangladesh has various forms of folk music like the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali, the southwestern Baul songs, etc. Model 2- Bangladesh's rich and diverse folk music reflects the culture, festivals, natural beauty, and daily life of the rural and riverine regions. Social inequality, poverty, and supernatural themes are also common. Rivers and boats are frequently used as metaphors in mystical songs due to the country's riverine nature. Folk music varies according to the environment and dialects, resulting in different regional genres, such as northern Bhawaiya, eastern Bhatiyali, and southwestern Baul songs. 5.        The passage is about the accessibility to higher education in Bangladesh. As more students are enrolled in secondary and higher secondary level, the pressure on the universities is increasing greatly. Due to shortage of capacity, a small number of students get the chance to study in the public universities. Among others, a good number of students take admission into NU affiliated colleges while the remaining students get admitted into private universities. S. This passage is about etiquette and manners. 'Etiquette' means the rules of correct behaviour in a society while 'manners' are the behaviours of a particular society or culture. Children are taught mariners and etiquette according to their culture and tradition. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, family, neighbours, environment and various institutions. Etiquette and manners vary from society to society. Therefore, we have to be careful about learning and practicing etiquette and manners in our everyday life. 9.     The passage is about Hakaluki haor — one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. It is a complex ecosystem, and an Ecologically Critical Area, declared by the Bangladesh government in 1999. Its rich biodiversity provides people with various benefits. It is a vital source of fisheries resources and helps to produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities during the early monsoon. However, the heels are losing their capacity due to sand deposits, dewatering technique, lack of aquatic plants, etc. 10.  Anne Frank was a young German girl who went into hiding during World War II to escape from the Nazi. After more than two years in hiding, they were discovered and deported to concentration camps. Anne's father, Otto Frank, is the only one to survive. After death, Arnie became world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding. 11.  The passage describes the miserable condition of a street child named Amerigo. He had been abandoned by his parents. He makes his shelter in streets. He used to collect and sell trash, but due to the bad impacts of such work on health he left that job. Then he began to work under an ice-cream shop owner. That job was also too difficult for him. Like many other street children, he is deprived of basic human rights. His life is very hard as he has no food or shelter. 12.  The text is about a conversation between a guest and a host who are having lunch in a grand restaurant. The guest wanted to have asparagus and so, the host ordered the dish for her. The host, however, is anxious because the bill of the lunch is getting heavier each time the guest likes to eat a new dish. The host, therefore, panicked to realize that he may not be able to pay the bill. After the asparagus, the guest again ordered coffee and an ice cream. At the end, the guest tells the host that she thinks one should always get up from a meal feeling one could eat a little more. 13.  Kuakata, locally known as the Sagar Kannya, is a unique tourist spot as this place is full of natural beauty, sandy beaches,' blue sky and shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal. From this unique place, one can enjoy both the sunset and sunrise. Kuakata gets the name from the history of digging wells by the indigenous Rakhaine community. With a typical natural setting and natural beauty; Kuakata is one of the most attractive sea beaches. 14.  Peace movement is basically a social movement that tries to achieve ideals like ending of any kind of war, minimising violence, banning of guns and suStainability of peace. This movement is carried out through advocacy of pacifism, diplomacy, boycotts, peace camps, supporting anti-war political candidates, etc. Il believes that humans should not engage in wars over language, race, natural resources, religion or ideology. It also believes that military power cannot be the equivalent to justice, and. it opposes proliferation of deadly weapons. 25. Humans have achieved extraordinary development in science and technology within a very short period of time. The first house was lighted with electricity in 1870s, cars became available and first trans-Atlantic flight was made just nearly a century ago, and television became widespread just 50 years ago. And it is surprising that people have so easily adapted to the present condition. 16.  This passage is about energy sources. Clean energy is important because fossil fuels are not expected to last much more and they pollute the environment. Nevertheless, switching away from fossil fuels is difficult. Again, the technology for producing clean energy is being suppressed by big oil companies. However,, some European countries have produced clean energy from different sources. 17.  A craftwork signifies the coramunity,values and desires of a certain community. Though changes in lifestyle and material conditions have an impact on the craftworks, the certain forms, shapes and aesthetic preferences change little over time. A mechanically produced craftwork lacks the feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity. According to the traditionalist, the authenticity and naturalness of craft-work should be preserved as they are related to domesticity and environment. But the promotors of machine production consider that the machines could restore craft's appeal at a cheaper cost. 18.  The story is about an English professor's visit to a remote village. The lady professor set out for the trip on 21' July at night. The journey was pleasant-for her. She reached her destination at dawn. Then she made an-eight-mile journey by country boat to reach Khorshed's house. She described the natural beauty of village, rivers, paddy fields, coco-palms, etc. She was charmed at the natural enchantment and the way she was received there. 19.  A survey of the National Food Safety Laboratory -found that around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of the fruits sold in the capital's markets were contaminated with unsafe level of pesticides. Besides, 40 percent samples of milk, milk products and fishes were adulterated with banned pesticides including DDT, Aldrin, etc. The survey reported that level of pesticides in the samples were three to twenty times higher than the limits set by European Union. 20.  The story is about a lady admirer of the writer. She managed to get a luncheon invitation from the writer at Foyof s. He was then young and new as a writer. He expected the lady to be young and beautiful as well. Being flattered, though the writer was not well off, he could not refuse, and agreed to entertain her. But the lady was forty, talkative, imposing and unattractive. 21.  The terms 'etiquette' and 'manners' have different meanings. 'Etiquette' means the formal rules of correct behaviour in a society or context while 'manners' means the behaviour considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. People learn etiquette and manners, which vary from society to society and culture to culture, from their families, societies, and various institutions. Polite expressions are very important in everyday life as they make life smooth and pleasant. 22.  Adolescence is a very important and critical transition period of human life span. At this stage, humans transform into adults from infancy through different biological processes. Though biological determinants of adolescence are universal, its defining characteristics may vary from time to time, culture to cultuie and generation to generation. Education, urbanisation and spread of global communication shape the definition of adolescence at a particular context. 23.  The persona of traffic police is often given close treatment in literature; a film was also made in 1963. The protagonist, a traffic police, of the film is devoted to his service and performs his duties with unyielding severity. In terms of duty, he does not spare even his sister's lover, and not even his lover's father. Though they were successful to marry their lovers, they had to struggle a lot due to his strictness in maintaining traffic rules. 24.  Like many other adolescent girls of Bangladesh, Shilpi was married off early. After marriage, she joined an empowerment group that works to prevent early marriage and pregnancy, and to change behaviours regarding reproductive health. It provides peer-to-peer support and life skills training to adolescents. There are over 10,000 such groups working all over Bangladesh through Canada's Adolescent Reproductive Health Project. In one of the group sessions, Shilpi learned about the potential harmful effects of child marriage. 25.  Our universities are not able to provide us with true education. They deprive us of our real initiative and our courage of thought. The education we get only teaches us that we have no ability to prOduce something. We must borrow from others to survive. However, we should include the spirit of our living culture, tradition and noble thought into our education. We should not simply follow and borrow from the European countries. 26.  Culture does not recognise any external success as excellence. It is a humiliation to the intellect of man when he succumbs to material advantages. India is subjected to humiliation through her very education system. Once, her culture was the product of her own intellects. But now, students only run after marks and grades, not excellence. Such education is producing qualified candidates, not cultured people. Unfortunately, the authorities concerned are now blaming the victims for the present situation. 27.  Most students prefer public -universities as in a public university a student can enjoy many privileges like a great variety of subjects, qualified faculties, rich library and internet connection, scopes for debates, workshops and exhibitions, residential and boarding facilities, etc. Thus, a student can avail of cheap education cost at a public university. 28.  Two-thirds of human body is made up of water. We cannot survive without water and so water is called 'life'. The United Nations identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. Though ours is a country of rivers and we have plenty of rainfall and sea in our backyard, we will also have to face the problem of scarcity of drinking water, too. Due to pollution, a few rivers are already dead and some are going to die. 29.  Dreams have been a fascinating subject to philosophers for thousands of years. Now it has become a topic for empirical research and scientific study. Dreams form images of experienced emotions that may be joyful or frightening, confusing or unclear or understandable. But researchers are yet to be certain about the purpose of dream, and science is trying to explain it. Some of the scholars suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, but others believe it is essential to mental or physical well-being.              .           ... 30.  The passage is about British-Bangladeshis. Almost half of all British-Bangladeshis live in London. The famous place Banglatown is situated in London. In each and every part of Banglatown, we can see Bangladeshi people. Here we can see Bangladeshi restaurants also. Street lamp-posts, which are in green and red, symbolize the colours of the Bangladeshi flag. There one can also find visual cues of the Bangladeshi and ever more specifically, the Sylheti presence. Storefronts advertise flights from London to Sylhet, some on Bangladesh Biman and others on Air Sylhet. These marks are the matters of considerable pride for the British-Bangladeshis. 31.  Illiterate and landless farmers of Sylhet region first started to migrate to UK in 1930s. They were hired by British ship companies. Due to post Second World War labour crisis, the first group helped many others to migrate to UK. The Sylhetis in UK helped each other for their survival. Their number increased dramatically in 1950s. Besides, there are small group of Bangladeshis who migrated to UK for higher education and settled there even before the Second World War. 32.  Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is incurring huge financial loss due to traffic jam, a result of poor infrastructure. All vehicles of different speed limits ply on the same narrow roads of Dhaka, creating traffic congestion. Most people blame rickshaws for the acute problem because they trap speedy vehicles behind. However, the authorities cannot just ban rickshaws, which is the earning source of nearly two million people. Under the circumstances, it is very difficult to solve Dhaka's traffic problem. 33.  When men first landed on the Moon, it was thought that the mission to Mars would not be difficult then. But the mission to Mars would be more difficult as it would take much longer- time. NASA, ESA and Russia have plans to launch a manned mission to Mars. Another scientific breakthrough will be journey to the centre of the Earth. In fact, it was believed that the core of the Earth would be easier to reach than the moon. But journey to the centre of the Earth would be more difficult because the pressure at the centre of the Earth is enormous.

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An email to the manager for booking an air ticket To          : seraton@gmail.com Subject : Air Ticket Booking Date      : 14/10/19 Dear Booking Officer, I am expressing my interest in travelling from Dhaka to Chittagram on June 10, 2019, and humbly request a return ticket for myself. As your online system appears to be currently inoperable, I am taking the liberty of contacting you via email in the hope that you can assist me in making the necessary booking arrangements. Ideally, my preferred schedule entails embarking on the plane that departs from Dhaka to Chittagram at precisely 11:15 am daily. After perusing ticket availability, I have discovered that there are still 50 open seats on the precise date of my intended travel. It would be an immense honor if you would reserve one ticket in my name, Nabil Mahadi, and notify me posthaste so that I may complete payment procedures online. Should you require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at +8801712123456, or alternatively, via email response. I extend my gratitude for your kind attention. Respectfully, Nabil Mahadi +8801712123456 An email to the manager of the travel agency to cancel the ticket booked for you. To : < office@haniftravelagency.com> Subject: Regarding cancellation of a booked ticket. Respected Sir, It is with deep regret that I inform you of my inability to undertake a scheduled journey on a chair coach bound for Jhenaidah, for which I have previously procured a ticket. Owing to unforeseeable circumstances, it has become untenable for me to embark on the aforementioned expedition. In light of this, I would be greatly obliged if you could process the cancellation of the ticket in question. The ticket in question pertains to coach number 42, with the journey scheduled for the 25th of October, 2013, with seat B1 reserved for me. As the communication of this information to you occurs three days in advance of the said journey, I trust that no inconvenience shall be incurred in effecting the cancellation. I earnestly appeal to your benevolent disposition to consider my entreaty and honor my request to cancel the ticket booked on my behalf. I await your response with earnest anticipation and humbly request that you inform me of the confirmation of the cancellation. With due respect and gratitude, Md. Jamal Uddin, 5/3, Tajmahal Road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207.

An e-mail to the Railway Booking Clerk asking him to reserve a seat for you. To            :nazrulislam@yahoo.com Subject   :For reservation of a seat. Dear Sir, Please accept my cordial greetings. I am writing to request your kind assistance in booking a seat on the Satkhira Express for me on July 21, 2017, as I have to attend a bridal party in Satkhira on that day. As I am preoccupied with prior engagements, I humbly request you to kindly book a seat on any suitable schedule of the mentioned train. I would be most grateful if you could confirm my reservation by responding to this email. Additionally, please let me know the payment details so that I may transfer the necessary funds via Bkash. Thank you for your kind cooperation and I look forward to hearing back from you soon. Sincerely, Siddique Rahman

Letter Application Model-1 Write an application to the Controller of examination for providing certificate in English version. 9 August 2021 To The Controller of Examination, Board of Education, Chittagong Chittagong. Subject: Prayer for providing certificate / transcript in English version. Sir, With due respect and humble submission I would like to draw your kind attention to the fact that I am in need of the original certificate of my S. S. C. Examination. It is to be mentioned that I have passed the S. S. C. Examination in 2021 from Substantial High School as conducted by the Board of Education, Chittagong. Meanwhile my parents have tried for a scholarship for me in a foreign college. In that college I need to submit the certificate / transcript in English version. May I, therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to issue me a certificate / transcript in English version, which would be helpful from now onward. For your kind information I have already paid the due charges. Yours obediently, Abidur Rahman Session:      2003-04; Roll:456738 Model -2 Write an application to the Controller of examination for providing certificate in English version. To The Controller of Examination, Board of Education, Chittagong Chittagong. Subject: Prayer for providing certificate / transcript in English version. Sir, With due respect and humble submission I would like to draw your kind attention to the fact that I am in need of the original certificate of my S. S. C. Examination. It is to be mentioned that I have passed the S. S. C. Examination in 2021 from Substantial High School as conducted by the Board of Education, Chittagong. Meanwhile my parents have tried for a scholarship for me in a foreign college. In that college I need to submit the certificate / transcript in English version. May I, therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to issue me a certificate / transcript in English version, which would be helpful from now onward. For your kind information I have already paid the due charges. Yours obediently, Abidur Rahman Session: 2003-04; Roll: 624587 Email An email to controller to issue an English version of HSC certificate To            : controllerdhakaboard@yahoo.com Subject: Request for English version of HSC certificate Dear Sir, I humbly bring to your attention that I am a former student of Dhaka City College and had appeared in the HSC examination held in the year 2010. I was fortunate enough to secure a GPA-5 in the examination and received my Bangla version certificate from the college as per the usual practice. However, I am currently in urgent need of an English version of the certificate for submission with my visa application to the Embassy of Canada. I would be extremely grateful if you could take the necessary measures to provide me with the certificate in English and assist me in fulfilling my requirement. I hope for your kind consideration in this matter and look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, Rana Sarker Roll No. 181257 Registration No. 457433 Session: 2017-2018

An email to sales manager of a firm for ordering some sports goods To            :siddiqurrahman@gmail.com Subject:     Order for supply of sports goods Dear Sir, It is with great pleasure that we inform you that our school's sports committee has endorsed a number of items of sports equipment enumerated in the attached inventory, which have been manufactured by your esteemed company. We hereby request that you dispatch the aforementioned articles without delay, ensuring that they are appropriately packed to prevent any damage that may occur during transit. Kindly submit an invoice for the balance, which we will settle in the customary manner by issuing a cheque within 30 days of the goods' delivery. We would appreciate if the invoice could be sent to us via registered post to expedite the delivery process. Name of Items                                                         Quantity Cricket Bats                                                             32 Pieces Volleyballs                                                               32 Pieces Badminton Rackets                                                 32 Pieces Hockey Sticks Olympic item No. VI                         32 Pieces Hockey Balls Shining item no. VIII                          32 Pieces Cricket Bats Major item no. I                                  Ten Dozen Leg Guards Superior item No. X                            Five Pairs In this connection, I should, therefore, request the favour of your allowing us the highest discount possible for the goods. For this we shall remain ever thankful to you. Thanking you, Rana Secretary, Sports Committee

Email to the editor for sending you the guidelines and other information of the competition. To : < office@prothom-alo.info> Subject: A request to inform details about the Inter School Debate Competition-2013. Esteemed Sir, It is my valued privilege to convey my earnest interest in participating in the Inter-School Debate Competition-2013, an esteemed and lauded event organized by The Daily Prothom Alo, your esteemed and distinguished national daily. However, upon perusal of the advertisement, I regret to state that pertinent details have been omitted, most notably the requisite educational qualifications for participation, an indispensable component of the competition's prerequisites. Furthermore, I have found no mention of the entry fee for the competition, and regrettably, the proposed topic for debate remains nebulous. Thus, it would be a tremendous source of satisfaction were you to oblige my request and provide explicit information through the medium of email, thereby enabling me to participate in this auspicious event. Anticipating a prompt and affirmative reply, I remain, Respectfully yours, Shahriar Mahmud Class: Ten, College No: 11032 Dhaka Green Residential Model School, Dhaka-1207.

Application: Write an application to the UNO of your Upazila asking for sending vaccination and saline to the flood/ cyclone/ Sidr affected areas. August 20, 2021 The UNO, Sarah Upazila. Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh. Subject : Prayer for sending vaccination and saline. Sir, I, on behalf of the inhabitants (people) of Bertala Union Perished under your Upazila, beg to inform you that ours is a very low-lying area (fw mot) in the Upazilla. Almost every year floods visit here and damage our crops, animals, roads, houses and other properties. The recent devastating flood has caused untold losses and sufferings to men, animals, trees, properties, roads, bridges and educational institutions. For want of pure drinking water and the balanced diet various water borne diseases  such as cholera, diarrhoea, malaria, dysentery and small fox have been broken out in an epidemic form in the flood effected areas. The fatal diseases have already taken away  many invaluable lives  . Many people have been suffering from them and many are being attacked with the fatal diseases. It is very regret that no vaccination work has yet been started and no medical team has been visited in our flood affected areas. I, therefore, pray and hope that you would kindly send necessary vaccination workers and medical teams with necessary saline to the affected area and save the Invaluable lives. Yours faithfully, Mutor Hossein, On behalf of the inhabitants of Bertala Union Perished. Write an application to the Mayor of Chittagong Municipality for vaccination. August 20, 2021 To The Mayor, ‘X’ Union Parishad, Chittagong. Subject: Prayer for vaccination. Sir, Most respectfully and humbly we would like to draw your kind attention to a serious problem faced by the people of our locality. Every year the people of our area including minor children suffer from various epidemics, especially in the season of summer. The people of this locality being poor cannot afford to take two square meals a day, let alone antidote or proper treatment timely. So they have to undergo serious sufferings. Sometimes these diseases even cost many lives. Now the summer is about to set in. At this time if the vaccination programmes can be taken timely many people will be relieved from the sufferings. We, therefore earnestly request that your honour would be kind enough to take the steps for implementing the vaccination programme as early as possible. Yours faithfully, Mutor Hossein, On behalf of the inhabitants of Bertala Union Perished Email An e-mail to the UNO seeking immediate arrangement for vaccination in your locality To : < office@upazilanibahiofficer.com> Subject: Immediate arrangement for vaccination. Respected Sir, With the utmost esteem, I implore your attention towards the dire situation prevailing in the Narayanpur area, where cholera has arisen in an epidemic form and has already claimed several lives, with many others on the brink of death. It is indeed a tragic state of affairs that vaccination efforts have not yet been initiated in the affected regions. In light of this alarming crisis, I beseech you to take immediate measures to arrange for the requisite vaccinations to mitigate the spread of this deadly disease. The urgency of the situation necessitates prompt action, and it is my fervent hope that you will give due consideration to this urgent appeal. With deepest regards and profound gratitude, Anil Kumar, House No. 21, Narayanpur, Jhenaidah.

A Terrible Road Accident at Dhaka- Satkhira Highway Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2018: A terrible road accident took place at Dhaka-Satkhira Highway yesterday. A speedy bus coming from Satkhira collided a private car bound for Satkhira. Hasan, the driver of the private car was seriously wounded. Observing his serious condition some pedestrians being excited began to break the bus. The bus driver was lucky. Causing the accident, he fled away. Therefore, the activity in the street ceased for a few hours. After t a few hours, the DC of Satkhira with police drive rushed to the spot scattered the fomented crowd and figured out how to re-worked the movement. They seized the bus and registered a case negligent driving against the absconding bus driver. In the meantime, the car driver was about to die. He was taken to a nearby hospital. He was hospitalized at emergency unit. But after sometime he was dead. The police are investigating the case. Though the bus owner and the driver have not yet been arrested, they are hopeful to making the case successful and taking drastic action against the criminals. The parents of the boy came there and almost gone to mad to see their son. They lamented again and again, “We had lost my son forever. We do not get him at all. It’s our sad, it’s total life sad.” The state transport minister has announced compensation of TK 200000/- to the families of deceased ones and TK 50000/- to the families of injured ones. Horrifying street accident Rajan, Sitakund, 30 October 2023 : A dreadful accident happened near Sitakund bus stand last night. Seven people, including the bus driver, lost their lives, and around twenty others, including three women and two children, suffered severe injuries. The injured were quickly taken to the hospital by the police. It all occurred when a passenger bus, carrying about forty people and heading towards Chittagong from Sitakund, attempted to overtake a rickshaw. Unfortunately, at the same time, a truck loaded with stones was approaching from the opposite direction, resulting in a head-on collision. The impact caused the bus to overturn, leading to the instant death of five individuals, including a woman. Many others sustained serious injuries. The scene was filled with cries and moans of agony from the victims, creating a somber atmosphere. Nearby residents rushed to help those trapped inside the overturned bus, while the local police arrived promptly within fifteen minutes. They assisted in transporting the injured to the Sitakund Sadar Hospital. At the hospital, ten of the injured received immediate treatment and were discharged, but others remained in critical condition, fighting for their lives. The police filed a case at the Sitakund police station to investigate the circumstances surrounding the accident. The tragic incident left the entire community in shock and mourning, highlighting the importance of road safety measures and caution while driving.

Cultural Program at St. Scholastic Girls’ High School Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Chittagong, April 12, 2023: St. Scholastic Girls’ High School hosted its annual cultural program yesterday, drawing a large audience to the school's premises. The event, presided over by the Headmaster, featured the local Member of Parliament as the chief guest and the District Education Officer as the special guest. Distinguished guests, elite guardians, and a large number of attendees participated, making the day-long program a significant affair. The activities included seminars on various topics and a variety of cultural performances such as music, recitations, dances, storytelling, extempore speeches, pantomimes, and choral singing. The event concluded with a prize distribution ceremony. In his speech, the chief guest emphasized the importance of such cultural programs in schools, praising the students for their impressive performances. The program showcased a lively and vibrant atmosphere, with numerous prominent poets, writers, educationists, journalists, and local and national elites in attendance. The concluding day was marked by the presence of the Honourable Education Minister as the Chief Guest, along with the Minister for Planning as the Special Guest. A senior teacher skillfully conducted the event, which concluded with the staging of a one-act play written by one of the school's teachers. This cultural program not only highlighted the talents of the students but also emphasized the school’s commitment to fostering creativity and cultural awareness among its pupils. A Memorable Cultural Function Shah Alam, Dhaka, 2 February 2023 A cultural function has the power to infuse joy and vibrancy into our mundane routines, leaving lasting impressions on our hearts. Recently, I had the privilege of attending a cultural extravaganza organized by the Students' Union of our college, commemorating the prize-giving ceremony of a literary competition. Held in the grand hallroom of our college, the function commenced with an air of anticipation following the distribution of prizes by our esteemed principal. Nearly all the teachers and students graced the occasion with their presence, adding to the sense of camaraderie and excitement. The cultural journey began with a soul-stirring rendition of a patriotic anthem, invoking feelings of pride and unity among the audience. Subsequently, the air was filled with the mellifluous melodies of Nazrul and Rabindra Sangeet, performed by talented students of our college. The ethereal beauty of these timeless compositions was further accentuated by poignant recitations from the verses of these revered poets. As the evening unfolded, the stage came alive with the captivating performances of a group of artists from the local Lalon Parishad, who mesmerized the audience with their soulful renditions of Baul songs. The rustic charm and spiritual depth of these melodies captivated the hearts of all present, transporting them to a realm of tranquility and introspection. The cultural function served as a poignant reminder of the rich cultural heritage of our nation, while also providing a platform for budding talents to showcase their skills and creativity. It left an indelible mark on our memories, igniting a sense of pride and appreciation for the cultural tapestry that binds us together as a community. Cultural Extravaganza at Mirpur Bangla College Mariam, Dhaka, December 24, 2023: The vibrant spirit of art and culture illuminated the premises of Mirpur Bangla College as the institution celebrated its annual cultural week with great pomp and grandeur. Spanning over a week, the festivities culminated in a spectacular event that showcased the remarkable talents of the college's students and faculty members. Under the gracious patronage of the college principal, the inaugural ceremony welcomed esteemed guests, including the local Member of Parliament, who graced the occasion as the chief guest, and the Deputy Commissioner of Dhaka, who adorned the event as the special guest. The presence of distinguished guests and esteemed guardians further added to the splendor of the affair. The daylong extravaganza featured a diverse array of cultural presentations, including musical performances, soul-stirring recitations, captivating dance routines, enthralling storytelling sessions, engaging extemporaneous speeches, mesmerizing pantomimes, and harmonious choruses. Each segment of the programme captivated the audience and left an indelible mark on their hearts. Following the cultural performances, the distribution of prizes served as a fitting tribute to the outstanding achievements of the participants. In his address, the chief guest underscored the significance of such cultural initiatives in fostering creativity and artistic expression among the students. He commended the students for their exemplary performances and encouraged them to continue nurturing their talents. The programme, meticulously orchestrated by a senior Assistant Professor, reached its zenith with a captivating one-act play penned by the renowned playwright Munir Chowdhury. The poignant portrayal on stage left the audience spellbound, serving as a poignant reminder of the transformative power of art. As the curtains drew to a close on the cultural week festivities, the echoes of applause reverberated throughout the college premises, serving as a testament to the resounding success of the event. The cultural week at Mirpur Bangla College not only celebrated artistic excellence but also fostered a sense of unity and camaraderie among the college community, leaving an indelible impression on all those in attendance.

Arsenic Pollution Plagues Halishahar Village Sohei, 10 March 2023, South Halishahar, Chittagong: Arsenic pollution has reached critical levels in the village of Halishahar, casting a dark shadow over the health and well-being of its inhabitants. The residents have begun to exhibit symptoms of arsenicosis, a dire consequence of prolonged exposure to arsenic-contaminated water sources. The gravity of the situation has escalated, sparking widespread concern among the affected population. Despite seeking medical assistance at the local thana hospital, the afflicted individuals face formidable challenges due to the inadequacy of medical resources. The absence of sufficient facilities exacerbates their plight, hindering their access to proper treatment and care. Compounding the issue further, the tubewells in the affected area remain untested, leaving the community in a perilous state of uncertainty. Without accurate testing to differentiate between safe and contaminated water sources, the risk of arsenicosis continues to loom large over the villagers. Medical professionals at the thana hospital fear the potential outbreak of arsenicosis on an epidemic scale if proactive measures are not promptly implemented. Urgent intervention is imperative to mitigate the adverse effects of arsenic pollution and safeguard the health and well-being of Halishahar's populace. Arsenic Contamination Plagues Gobra Village Sweety, Kushtia; January 25, 2023 Gobra, a quaint village nestled under the jurisdiction of Kumarkhali in the district of Kushtia, has recently been thrust into a state of crisis due to the dire shortage of clean drinking water. With a population of at least twenty thousand inhabitants, the village is grappling with a grave issue of arsenic poisoning, a malady that continues to afflict an increasing number of individuals with each passing day. Arsenicosis, a debilitating disease caused by the ingestion of water contaminated with arsenic, has become alarmingly prevalent in Gobra. Despite the presence of three tubewells in the village, all of which serve as sources of water for the residents, the water drawn from these tubewells has been found to be tainted with arsenic, posing a grave threat to the health and well-being of the community. The insidious nature of arsenic contamination has already taken its toll on a significant portion of the village populace, with numerous individuals falling victim to arsenicosis. As a desperate measure to secure potable water, many villagers have resorted to utilizing water from nearby ponds, oblivious to the fact that even these water sources are laden with pollutants. Efforts to draw attention to the plight of Gobra village have been undertaken through the dissemination of information via newspapers. However, despite these appeals, the authorities have yet to institute concrete measures to alleviate the suffering of the affected populace. It is imperative that immediate and concerted action be taken by the relevant authorities to address this pressing issue and safeguard the health and welfare of the residents of Gobra village. The time for action is now, as further delay could exacerbate the already dire situation faced by the suffering humanity of Gobra.

Prize Giving Ceremony Was Held in Our College Staff Reporter, Motijeel,Dhaka, July 5, 2022: A few days ago, our college organized a prize giving ceremony in the college auditorium to recognize and award the meritorious students who achieved GPA-5 in the final examination of the previous year. The entire function was meticulously arranged, and the college auditorium was beautifully decorated. The event was attended by all the students, guardians, teachers and invited guests, and the atmosphere was very festive and cheerful. The function commenced at 10 o'clock in the morning, and the Chief Guest of the event was the Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Governing Body of our college. The Principal of our college welcomed the attendees with a speech, following which the Chief Guest was requested to come up on stage and distribute the awards to the deserving students. As our college is a well-known institution in the area, a significant number of students were recognized and awarded. After the distribution of awards, the Chief Guest delivered a highly informative and inspiring speech that left a lasting impact on all of us. The event was concluded with a brief cultural programme that featured patriotic songs, Nazrul Geeti, Tagore songs, and poetry recitations presented by the students of our college. The audience gave them a rousing applause when the function concluded. Finally, the Principal of our college expressed his gratitude towards the distinguished guests and attendees, ending the programme with a vote of thanks. Overall, the prize giving ceremony was a joyous occasion that left a lasting impression on everyone who attended. Prize Distribution Function at Rajapur Pilot College Jhalakati, July 10, 2023: The annual prize-giving ceremony of Rajapur Pilot College was held on March 17, 2008, at 10 a.m. in the college auditorium. The venue was brightly decorated, with prizes neatly arranged on a separate table on the dais. The event drew a large crowd, including guardians, local dignitaries, the TNO, and other notable attendees. The Deputy Commissioner of Jhalakati graced the occasion as the chief guest, while the TNO attended as the special guest. The Principal of the college presided over the function. The ceremony began with a recitation from the Holy Quran, followed by the Vice-Principal's presentation of the annual report detailing the college's activities. Subsequently, the chief guest distributed prizes to students for their outstanding achievements and to the best athletes of the college's annual sports events. To add to the festivity, some students performed a play that entertained the audience. In his brief address, the chief guest commended the college for its all-round progress, lauding both the academic and extracurricular accomplishments of the students. The function concluded at 1:30 p.m. with a note of thanks from the chair, marking the end of a memorable event. Prize Giving Ceremony at Comilla College Novera, Comilla, 17 March 2023: The annual prize-giving ceremony of Comilla College was held on the 16th of March, with an air of grandeur and festivity. Under the esteemed chairmanship of the college principal, the event was graced by the presence of the Director General of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education as the chief guest. The sprawling college compound was adorned with colorful flags and festive decorations, setting the perfect backdrop for the occasion. The gathering of esteemed guests and city elites added to the aura of the event, reflecting the significance of the ceremony. The proceedings commenced with the principal presenting the annual report of the college, highlighting its achievements and milestones over the past year. Following this, an array of captivating performances, including recitations and physical feats by the talented boys of the college, mesmerized the audience and showcased their remarkable skills. The pinnacle of the ceremony arrived with the chief guest's presentation of prizes, which included prestigious gold and silver medals. In his address, the chief guest emphasized the importance of parental support in upholding the college's reputation and urged the students to maintain discipline, obedience, and academic excellence as they journeyed through life. As the day drew to a close, the ceremony concluded with a vote of thanks extended to the chief guest, other distinguished guests, and participants, expressing gratitude for their invaluable contributions to the success of the event. With hearts filled with pride and inspiration, the attendees departed, cherishing the memories of a memorable and rewarding occasion.

Ekushe Boimela Opens Yesterday Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2018: The month-long Amar Ekushey Boi Mela 2014 began yesterday on the Bangla Academy premises and on a part of Suhrawardy Udyan in the capital to accommodate more book stalls. A total of 299 publication houses, government, non-government and autonomous organizations and socio-cultural bodies are participating in the fair this year. This year, special visiting hours for women and children will be available on four days. The fair will keep open for all from 3:00pm to 9:00pm on working days and from 11:00am to 9:00pm on weekends. On February 21, International Mother Language Day, it will remain open from 8:00 in the morning till 9:00pm. The country’s biggest book fair was inaugurated by the Prime Minister. On this occasion the whole area wore a festive look. Visiting the fair, this reporter watched a unique arrangement and a great festivity all over the fair. There were a lot of bookstalls beautifully decorated. Every book stall was full of various kinds of books. Thousands of book-lovers were looking for their favorite books. Some popular writers were present at some book stalls and their fans were surrounding them. Some of the book-lovers were taking autographs from their favorite writers. Bangla Academy has arranged its own book stall which has a vast collection of books. This year books on the Liberation War of Bangladesh are in great demand. Besides, novels, science fictions, travelogues and children’s books are in great demand. There is a food corner in the fair. The tired visitors can easily get relief by taking food and spending some time there. However, excepting some mismanagement, the over all arrangement of the book fair was very enjoyable. Book Fair Commenced at Bangla Accademy Staff Reporter, Dhaka, Februalry 25, 2022: Omor Ekushey Boi Mela, popularly known as the national book fair of Bangladesh, has been started at the Bangla Accademy premises from today. It will take place over whole month of February, and is dedicated to the agitators who died on 21 February 1952 in a demonstration calling for the establishment of Bengali as one of the state languages of former united Pakistan. The Prime Minister inaugurates the fair. Between 300 and 400 publishing houses takes part. In the book fair all the leading publishers set up stalls. Some importers of foreign books also have their own stalls. Islamic Foundation and Bangla Academy open stalls at book fairs. Thus there is a large number of well-decorated and attractive book-fairs thus widen the forum of reading public.  Besides books cassettes of Rabindra Sangeet, Nazrul Geeti, folk songs and of recitation are also put on display for sale. At one corner of the fair the visitors can find a few stalls that sell snacks mainly traditional Bangladeshi snacks. Spectators from all classes of people including old and children are found gathering there. Visitors are found to maintain discipline at the time of entering the fair. They felt enthusiasms and fervor to collect books according to their choice. Law enforcing agencies cover the whole areas with full of security. Book-fairs are a noble venture and it proved a success. My Visit to a Book Fair Mamun, Bangla Academy premises, Dhaka. 2 February 2008: Recently, I had the opportunity to visit a book fair organized by the Bangla Academy. The fair was held within the premises of the Bangla Academy and was a vibrant hub of literary activity. The first thing that struck me upon entering the fair was the vast array of books on display. Stalls from various publishers showcased books on a wide range of subjects, catering to diverse interests and tastes. It was a paradise for book lovers like me, as I had the chance to explore works by different writers and publishers. One of the most fascinating aspects of the fair was the opportunity it provided for aspiring writers. Many budding authors showcased their work, hoping to kickstart their literary careers. It was inspiring to see the enthusiasm and creativity of these novice writers. However, amidst the literary delight, I couldn't help but notice some mismanagement issues. Some stalls were selling unrelated items like snacks and cigarettes, which detracted from the solemn atmosphere of the fair. I believe such stalls should either be removed from the fair or better managed to maintain the integrity of the event. Despite these minor inconveniences, my visit to the book fair was a thoroughly enjoyable experience. It reminded me of the importance of literature and the role of book fairs in fostering a culture of reading and intellectual engagement. I left the fair feeling enriched and inspired, eager to delve into the pages of the books I had purchased.

Village Fair: A Day of Fun and Tradition Amin, Faridpur, February 1, 2008: Yesterday was a special day in Rasulpur as we celebrated our traditional village fair. Held under the old banyan tree, the fair was a joyous occasion for everyone in the village. The fair started in the morning, and soon the place was bustling with activity. Traders and craftsmen set up their stalls, selling everything from clothes to pottery. People came from all around to buy and sell goods, and the air was filled with laughter and chatter. As the day went on, more and more people arrived, eager to join in the fun. There were games to play, snacks to eat, and performances to watch. Magicians amazed us with their tricks, and snake charmers entertained us with their daring acts. One of the best parts of the fair was the food. There were delicious cakes and sweets to enjoy, and we all ate to our hearts' content. We also bought some household items like pitchers and plates, which were beautifully made by local artisans. As the sun began to set, the fair took on a magical quality. Lanterns lit up the night sky, and the sound of music filled the air. It was a moment of pure joy and camaraderie as we danced and sang together. Eventually, the fair came to an end, but the memories will stay with us forever. It was a day of fun, laughter, and tradition, and we can't wait to do it all again next year. A joyful village fair Amin, Faridpur, February 1, 2023  : The age long traditional village fair in Rasulpur was held yesterday with all its characteristic joviality and spontaneous rhythm. The fair took place under the century old banyan tree. Traders and craftsmen gathered there with their whole stock of sales. Magicians, snake charmers and sweet makers also appeared and stayed in their tents at the fair place. Artisans came with their flutes, kites, pottery and toys. However, the fair was ready to be celebrated by the midday and merry makers started coming in flocks just when the sun leaned over the west. The place assumed a huge festivity at the evening. Men, women and children came and cheered with joy. Even the aged came to feel the thrill. Flutes were played on, kites flew up in the sky. People enjoyed cakes and sweetmeats. They also bought many household accessories such as earthen pitchers, plates, lampsticks, bowls and so forth. The magician played amazing tricks and the snake charmers charmed the snake as well as the viewers with their fearless skill. At the evening, the fair was a colourful pilgrimage Criss-crossed with lights and shadows. It looked sad then after the hours of enjoyments and thrill.

Micro-credit programme of Grameen Bank in Rangpur Nishat, Rangpur, 18 May 2023 : There are many NGOs working for the poor people in our locality. Among them, Grameen Bank and BRAG are remarkable. Grameen Bank is a bank for giving micro-credit to the landless poor. It is a self-governed money lending banking system. Its motive is to give bank facilities to the neglected poor in the form of loans for increasing their income. Many poor villagers in my locality realized that poverty alleviation is the supreme target of the Grameen Bank. Grameen Bank is active at the grassroots level with their welfare, relief, poverty alleviation, social upliftment, environmental and overall development programmes. Our poor villagers have now direct access to the aid, credit and support extended by the Grameen Bank. In many cases they are giving our poor the idea and means to a better and comfortable living. Through micro-credit programmes of the Grameen Bank the poor villagers are engaging themselves in income generating and self-employment works. Grameen Bank deals with the landless peasants only. It does not take any security from the loan receivers. Two or three thousand taka is given to each member to invest in profitable small jobs like cane and bamboo work, boat making, shopping, food processing, rickshaw pulling, cultivating and so on. It is expected that in near future the bank will remove poverty and other drawbacks from the country and present a rich and happy Bangladesh to us.

Price Hike: A great Concern Staff Reporter, Motijeel, Dhaka, July 5, 2022: The prices of basic commodities have escalated manifold, posing a significant threat to the masses. During an inspection of various kitchen markets in Dhaka city, our correspondent observed that the cost of rice varieties ranged from TK 60-80 per kg in the retail sector, while prices of pulses were recorded between the ranges of TK 85-130 per kg. However, the cost of edible oil has soared to an all-time high. Palm oil was being retailed at TK 120-145 per kg, while soybean oil was priced at TK 172-196 per kg. In the preceding day, egg prices witnessed a steep rise in the city's kitchen markets, with the cost per four pieces (hali) amounting to 50-60. Moreover, the cost of chickens surged to 170-220 per kg due to the bird flu outbreak. Nevertheless, the prices of vegetables and sugar recorded a slight decrease in the kitchen markets during the last week. A brief survey conducted in the kitchen markets reveals that if the trend of escalating prices is not curtailed, the consequences will be catastrophic. The low-income groups will be unable to afford daily necessities, leading to immense suffering. It is imperative to take cognizance of this issue and take timely action, failing which the country will face severe food scarcity. Price Hike: Endless sufferings of common people Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2018: Price of essential commodities including rice, flour, chick-peas, sugar and edible oil increased in the city markets. The prices of fish and meat are stable but the price of vegetables is on the increase. In different city markets, Sugar is being sold at taka 40 per kg which is 5 taka more than that of the last week. Flour and rice are also being sold in the increased rate. This nonstop price hike is badly affecting the life of the low-incomed people. Price of Soyabean oil rose by taka 10 per litre compared to the previous week's price level. Very recently, the government has fixed the new price of diesel oil and all other types of fuel oil which is also in an increased rate. According to the market-experts the rise in the price of fuel oil is worsening the situation. Though retailers are claiming again and again that there is shortage of supply in the market; they predict that a secret syndicate is acting behind this. A customer in kawranbazar market, while marketing, said to this reporter, "If this trend of rising of prices can not be controlled, people like us will have to die". He also said that, "Few monitoring cells are not sufficient to make the market stable". In spite of the assuring of the minister of the ministry of commerce; the prices of essential commodities are increasing day by day. Rising Prices Plague Consumers Sadman, Karwan Bazar, Dhaka. 23 March 2008: The relentless surge in prices of essential commodities continues to cast a shadow over the economy of Bangladesh, posing significant challenges for the majority of consumers. The incessant price hikes, attributed to both short supply and inflation, have sparked widespread hardship and suffering among the populace. Shortages in commodity supply often trigger temporary price hikes, with prices receding once supply levels stabilize. However, the persistent inflation-driven price hikes prove far more insidious, defying easy resolution and exacerbating the plight of ordinary citizens. As prices soar, consumers grapple with the daunting task of making ends meet, forced to forgo many basic necessities essential for a decent standard of living. The most vulnerable segments of society bear the brunt of this economic strain, struggling to cope with the escalating cost of living. Moreover, the pervasive impact of price hikes extends beyond mere financial strain, fostering an environment ripe for corruption and moral decay. As desperation mounts, individuals may resort to unethical practices to mitigate the economic burden, perpetuating a cycle of moral degradation. Addressing the issue of price hikes demands concerted efforts from both governmental and societal fronts. Measures to bolster commodity supply and curb inflationary pressures are imperative to alleviate the burden on consumers and restore economic stability. Additionally, fostering transparency and integrity in economic transactions can mitigate the deleterious effects of price hikes on societal values. In confronting the scourge of rising prices, collective action and proactive measures are essential to safeguard the well-being of the populace and foster sustainable economic growth. 3.5

Thrilling Football Match Captivates Spectators Sabrina, Rajbari, August 15, 2023: The Rajbari stadium was alive with excitement yesterday as football enthusiasts gathered to witness a thrilling match between Faridpur and Rajbari districts. The stadium, adorned with vibrant decorations, set the stage for an intense showdown between the two formidable teams. Inaugurated by the esteemed Deputy Commissioner of Rajbari, the match drew a crowd of hundreds, all eagerly anticipating the exhilarating clash ahead. With both teams showcasing formidable skills and unwavering determination, the atmosphere crackled with anticipation. As the game unfolded, spectators were treated to a fiercely contested battle, with each team delivering skillful plays and strategic maneuvers. The match remained neck and neck throughout, with neither side willing to concede an inch of ground. In the end, it was the Faridpur district team that emerged victorious, clinching the game with a narrow margin of three goals to two. Their hard-fought victory was a testament to their resilience and teamwork, earning them the coveted championship title. Amidst cheers and applause, the chief guest presided over a simple ceremony to honor the victorious team and recognize their outstanding performance. Emphasizing the importance of such sporting events in promoting unity and camaraderie within the district, he presented the championship trophy and runner-up trophies to the deserving teams. Additionally, the best player of the match was awarded a cash prize of taka 2000, highlighting the individual excellence displayed on the field. As the spectators dispersed, their hearts filled with excitement and admiration for the spectacle they had witnessed, echoing the sentiment that football truly has the power to unite communities and ignite passions.

Nation Celebrates Victory Day Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2018: The nation celebrated the 46th Victory Day amid festivity yesterday, paying homage to three million martyrs and freedom fighters of the Liberation War. President Abdul Hamid and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina placed wreaths at the National Memorial in Savar in the morning to pay tributes to the martyred freedom fighters. As part of the day’s programmes, a colourful parade was held at the National Parade Square in the capital’s Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. President Abdul Hamid took salute and inspected the parade as the chief guest. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, freedom fighters and top officials of the armed forces and law enforcement agencies were present. They hoped that coordinated efforts of everyone would turn Bangladesh into a hunger- and poverty-free prosperous “Sonar Bangla” as dreamt by Bangabandhu.  National flags were hoisted atop all government and private buildings yesterday, while the government and semi-government structures and other public places were illuminated and roads and islands in all cities were decorated with flags and festoons. Different organisations observed the day by holding discussions, cultural programmes, candlelight vigils, musical soirees, street dramas, painting shows and poetry recitation sessions. Special prayers were offered at mosques, temples, churches, pagodas and other places of worship, seeking divine blessings for peace and progress of the country. Destitute children were allowed to visit the Shishu Park in the capital’s Shahbagh free of cost. Special meals were served in jails, hospitals, orphanages and vagrant homes across the country. The Bangladesh Postal Service issued five commemorative postage stamps, two first-day covers, two data cards and a souvenir, marking the 46th Victory Day. The day was celebrated in a befitting manner in other districts also. Commemorating Victory Day: A Tribute to Courage and Sacrifice Mamun, Dhaka. December 17, 2907: Each year, on the 16th of December, the people of Bangladesh unite in solemn remembrance and spirited celebration to mark Victory Day. This momentous occasion is steeped in history and serves as a poignant reminder of the indomitable spirit and sacrifices made during the struggle for independence. The day dawns with the resounding echoes of gunshots, heralding the commencement of festivities across the nation. From cities to villages, the landscape is adorned in the vibrant hues of patriotism, as the national flag flutters proudly atop every household and office building. Special prayers reverberate in mosques and temples, invoking blessings for the souls of the fallen heroes. At our college compound, we orchestrated an elaborate program to honor the significance of Victory Day. A solemn discussion meeting served as a platform to reflect on the arduous journey towards liberation, paying homage to the brave hearts who laid down their lives for the cause of freedom. We stood in reverence, acknowledging the sacrifices of our valiant compatriots who confronted oppression and tyranny with unwavering resolve. The genesis of our struggle traces back to the dark days of March 25, 1971, when the oppressive rulers of Pakistan unleashed a brutal crackdown, imposing martial law upon our land. In the face of adversity, our brave sons and daughters, including members of the armed forces, rallied together to resist tyranny and fight for our cherished ideals of liberty and sovereignty. Through nine months of relentless struggle, marked by untold hardship and profound loss, they emerged triumphant, securing our nation's independence at the cost of countless lives. As we gather to commemorate Victory Day, our hearts swell with pride and gratitude for the sacrifices of those who paved the way for our freedom. Their legacy lives on in the annals of history, inspiring future generations to uphold the values of courage, resilience, and unity. May the spirit of Victory Day endure as a beacon of hope and resilience, guiding us towards a future defined by peace, progress, and prosperity.

Exploring Bagerhat: A Journey of Discovery Pamel, Dhaka, August 14, 2023: Last week, I embarked on a memorable journey to Bagerhat, driven by the desire to pay homage to the revered shrine of Khan Jahan Ali, a luminary of Islam. Accompanied by a group of close friends, we set out on our expedition in a small bus, eager to explore the rich historical heritage of this sacred destination. Departing at 10 a.m., our journey unfolded amidst scenic vistas and lively conversations, culminating in our arrival at Bagerhat at 2 p.m. Upon reaching our destination, we established our base camp on the tranquil banks of a vast tank adjacent to the shrine, immersing ourselves in the serenity of the surroundings. Our first stop was the magnificent Shat Gambuj Mosque, a testament to the architectural prowess of Khan Jahan Ali. As we stood in awe of its grandeur, we offered prayers for the departed soul of the saint, deeply moved by the spiritual aura that enveloped the sacred precincts. Venturing further, we explored Ghoradighi, a sprawling tank adorned with a bustling 'ghat'. Here, amidst the tranquil waters, we were enthralled to encounter crocodiles, a sight that added a touch of adventure to our journey. Circumambulating the tank, we marveled at the relics and monuments that bore testimony to the enduring legacy of Khan Jahan Ali. Retreating to our camp, we indulged in a hearty lunch, relishing the flavors of local cuisine while reflecting on the insights gained from our exploration of this historical enclave. Our visit to Bagerhat proved to be an enriching experience, offering a glimpse into the profound heritage and spiritual resonance of this revered site. As dusk descended, we bid farewell to Bagerhat, our hearts brimming with gratitude for the opportunity to embark on this journey of discovery. With memories etched in our minds, we journeyed homeward, enriched by the cultural tapestry and spiritual revelations that had unfolded before us.

Report on a Picnic Party Chittagong, May 14, 2023: This year's picnic party for Dr. Khastagir Girls’ High School was a thoroughly enjoyable and exciting event. Organized annually by the school authorities, these picnics aim to provide students with a refreshing break from their routine academic life. This year, the picturesque location of Sylhet was chosen for the two-day excursion. The Headmistress and Assistant Headmistress led the arrangements, with Mr. Kajol Mitra, an associate teacher of Business Studies, acting as the coordinator. The event saw the participation of about 120 students and 25 teachers. Transportation was provided by two reserved buses from Shohag Paribahan. The majority of the students attending were S.S.C candidates. Their itinerary included visits to the shrines of Hazrat Shahjalal and Hazrat Shah Paran, as well as sightseeing at Jaflong and Madhabkunda. To ensure a smooth experience, two cooks were hired to prepare meals for the group. The Deputy Commissioner (D.C.) of Sylhet warmly welcomed the students, arranged for their security, and provided accommodation at the government’s Dak Bungalow. The picnic concluded with the group's return to Chittagong the following day. Reports indicate that the students were thrilled with the experience, expressing their delight and gratitude. Those unable to join this year have high hopes of participating in future events, especially when they become candidates themselves. The school authorities have pledged to continue organizing such recreational activities annually, recognizing the positive impact on student morale and well-being. Memorable Picnic at Sonargaon Plabon, March 13, 2023: Recently, I had the pleasure of participating in a delightful picnic excursion to Sonargaon, a historically significant destination located approximately twenty miles from Dhaka. Accompanied by thirty-four companions, including one of our esteemed teachers, we embarked on our journey with eager anticipation. Arriving at Sonargaon by bus at 9 a.m., we wasted no time in setting up our campsite and commencing our activities. With Anwar Hossain, renowned for his culinary prowess, leading the charge in the kitchen, preparations for our feast began in earnest. While some of us lent a hand in cooking, others engaged in singing, jesting, and partaking in various games, infusing the atmosphere with laughter and camaraderie. As the clock struck 2 p.m., the tantalizing aroma of our cooked meal wafted through the air, signaling that lunch was ready. Famished from our morning endeavors, we eagerly savored the hearty meal, satisfying our hunger and replenishing our energy for the adventures that lay ahead. Following lunch, we embarked on a journey of exploration, immersing ourselves in the rich tapestry of history and heritage that Sonargaon had to offer. The remnants of ancient Bengal's capital stirred within us a sense of reverence and pride, reminding us of our cultural roots and the significance of preserving our past. As the day drew to a close, we bid farewell to Sonargaon, our hearts brimming with cherished memories of a day well spent in the company of friends amidst the allure of history and nature. Our picnic at Sonargaon will forever hold a special place in our hearts, a testament to the joy and camaraderie that accompanies shared experiences in the embrace of nature's splendor. 3.5

Boat Capsize Tragedy in Manikganj Manikganj, February 10, 2023: In a tragic incident near Aricha Ghat on the river Jamuna, five people lost their lives and 12 others remain missing after a boat capsized on Saturday. The accident occurred around 11:30 a.m. when a boat carrying approximately 50 passengers from Nagarbari Ghat was caught in a violent storm and sank. Upon receiving information about the incident, a rescue team swiftly arrived at the scene and recovered the bodies of five victims. Local residents also joined in the rescue efforts. The identities of the deceased have not yet been determined, and their bodies have been sent to the hospital for autopsy. As of the latest reports, the rescue team has been unable to locate the 12 missing individuals. Efforts are ongoing to find them, but the challenging conditions have hindered progress. The search and rescue operation continues as authorities and local volunteers work tirelessly to bring closure to this tragic event. Tragedy Strikes: Boat Capsizes, Claiming Three Lives Salam, Jinzira, April 7, 2008: A tragic incident unfolded on the Buriganga River yesterday, as three women lost their lives when an overloaded passenger boat capsized amidst turbulent waters. Eyewitnesses recounted the harrowing events, describing how a sudden gust of wind precipitated the calamity at approximately 4 p.m. The ill-fated boat, burdened with excess passengers, succumbed to the force of the river's currents, plunging into the murky depths of the Buriganga. Despite the valiant efforts of most passengers to swim to safety, three women, identified as Salma (40), Shewli (35), and Jaheda (45), residents of Jinzira, tragically met their demise as they struggled against the relentless tide. Witnesses recounted the desperate attempts to rescue the drowning victims, yet the unforgiving waters thwarted all efforts at intervention. It was only after a painstaking hour-long endeavor that members of the Fire Brigade were able to recover the lifeless bodies from the river's depths. The solemn task of identifying the deceased was undertaken, and their bodies were solemnly transported to Mitford Hospital for forensic examination, marking the beginning of a somber chapter for their grieving families and the community at large. As the echoes of this tragedy reverberate through Jinzira and beyond, it serves as a poignant reminder of the inherent dangers that lurk amidst the tranquil waters of the Buriganga, urging authorities and citizens alike to prioritize safety measures and vigilance to prevent such heartbreaking incidents in the future. 3.5

Frequent load shedding at Motijeel, Dhaka Staff Correspondent, Motijeel,Dhaka, July 5, 2022: In Motijeel, Dhaka, the frequent failure of electric power supply has caused immense distress to the local population. Excessive load shedding has resulted in the damage of electric and electronic devices, and has seriously disrupted the normal activities of all types of people. According to reports from locals, load shedding occurs a staggering 8-10 times a day, which is particularly severe during peak hours. This is especially concerning given that Motijeel is a highly significant police station in Dhaka district and home to many government and non-government educational institutions, as well as garments industries, factories, mills, and brick fields, all of which rely on electricity to function properly. The frequent load shedding has caused severe adverse impacts on every aspect of people's lives, including hampering production and preventing students from studying at night. Moreover, the darkness created by load shedding has created much inconvenience for the general public and has made it easier for miscreants to cause trouble. This problem can be resolved to some extent by establishing more power plants, power houses, and by reducing the illegal connection and system loss. However, the GM of Pally Bidyut Samity has informed that they are facing challenges in keeping the supply smooth and regular due to the lack of production in comparison to demand. Therefore, urgent action is necessary to address the problem and alleviate the suffering of the people of Motijeel, Dhaka. Frequent load shedding at Motijeel,Dhaka Staff Correspondent Motijeel,Dhaka, July 5, 2022: Frequent failure of electric power supply at Motijeel,Dhaka has made lives of people here miserable. Electric and electronic devices are getting damaged, normal activities of all kinds of people are being seriously interrupted due to excessive load shedding. People of locality informed that load shedding occurs 8-10 times a day. This is severe especially in the pick hours. Motijeel,Dhaka is one of the most important police stations of Dhaka district with many government and non-government educational institutions. Besides, many garments industries, factories, mills, brick fields etc uphold its commercial significance. Its frequent load shedding causes serious adverse impacts on every sphere of people. It hampers all the productions. Students cannot study at night. Besides, darkness creates much inconvenience for the general people and a safe passage for the miscreants. By establishing more power plants, power houses and by stopping unplanned distribution of electricity, illegal connection and reducing system loss, this problem can be solved to an extent. GM of Pally Bidyut Samity has informed that they are trying much to keep the supply smooth and regular, but cannot due to lack of production than demand. The Plight of City Dwellers: Load-Shedding Woes Fahim, Dhaka, April 16, 2008: Electricity, undoubtedly, stands as a boon to modern society, yet its intermittent absence due to load-shedding has emerged as a persistent challenge for city dwellers, significantly impacting their daily lives and livelihoods. Load-shedding, a regular occurrence in Bangladesh, particularly exacerbates in the evenings, casting a shadow over the bustling metropolis of Dhaka. The repercussions of load-shedding are multifaceted, affecting various segments of society. Students, striving for academic excellence, find themselves diverted from their studies, compelled to engage in idle chatter as darkness descends. Housewives, tasked with the responsibility of nourishing their families, encounter disruptions while preparing meals, exacerbating their already demanding routines. Moreover, the industrial sector bears the brunt of load-shedding, as mills and factories grind to a halt, unable to meet production targets due to power shortages. Consequently, essential commodities, reliant on electricity-driven machinery, witness a shortfall in the market, leading to inflated prices and exacerbating the financial strain on consumers. The consequences extend beyond economic implications, as load-shedding poses a threat to public health and safety. Perishable food items and life-saving medicines, stored in refrigerators, succumb to spoilage, rendering them unfit for consumption, thereby compromising the well-being of citizens. At the heart of this crisis lies the inadequacy of power generation infrastructure, unable to keep pace with escalating demand. Urgent measures are imperative to address this pressing issue. The government must take proactive steps to bolster power generation capacity and mitigate the prevalence of load-shedding. Equally crucial is the promotion of energy conservation practices among the populace, fostering a culture of responsible electricity usage to alleviate strain on the grid. By instilling awareness and accountability, individuals can contribute towards averting the misuse of electricity and mitigating the frequency of load-shedding incidents. In conclusion, load-shedding stands as a severe national crisis, necessitating swift and concerted action from authorities and citizens alike. Only through collaborative efforts and strategic interventions can the specter of load-shedding be dispelled, ensuring uninterrupted access to electricity for all.

Celebration of Independence Day Staff Reporter, Motijeel,Dhaka, July 5, 2022: ‘The National Day’ was observed with great enthusiasm and due solemnity at the college premises of Rotary School and College. A special committee was formed earlier to celebrate the day. The Assistant Lecturer, Mr. Abul Kalam Azad was the head of this 7-member committee. The committee launched on the occasion a number of programmes including discussion meeting, milad mahfil etc. The college premises were decorated beautifully. An artistic gate was built at the entrance of the college field. Some special guests as well as our guardians were invited to attend the programmes. At 7 a.m. the programme began with the hoisting of our national flag by the principal. Students brought out a colourful procession and paraded round the main street of the town. Then a discussion meeting was held in college auditorium. The Deputy Commissioner, Dhaka, Mr. Maruf Hossain was the chief guest. He delivered an important speech full of patriotic zeal. Among others Mr. Zahur Ali Mollah, Mr. Yakub Ali and on behalf of the students this reporter spoke on the occasion. The Principal Mr. Nurul Momen presided over the meeting. At the end, a milad and doa mahfil was held. Maulana Yakub Ali conducted it. Celebration of Independence Day at Rangpur Government College Bikash, Rangpur, March 28, 2023: The commemoration of 'Independence Day' at Rangpur Government College was marked with fervor and reverence, reflecting the spirit of patriotism and national unity. A dedicated committee, led by Assistant Professor Mr. Mafidul Islam Chowdhury, meticulously planned and executed a series of events to honor this significant day in our nation's history. The college premises were adorned with vibrant decorations, culminating in the construction of an ornate gate at the entrance of the college field, symbolizing our collective pride and resilience as a nation. Special guests and esteemed guardians were graciously invited to partake in the day's festivities. The day commenced at 7 a.m. with the solemn hoisting of the national flag by the Principal, an emblematic gesture of respect and allegiance to our motherland. Subsequently, students embarked on a colorful procession, parading through the main streets of the town, showcasing their patriotic fervor and solidarity. A thought-provoking discussion meeting ensued in the college auditorium, graced by the presence of distinguished guests, including the Deputy Commissioner of Rangpur, Mr. Rafiqul Islam, who delivered an impassioned speech, replete with patriotic zeal, inspiring all present to uphold the values of freedom and unity. Throughout the meeting, heartfelt speeches were delivered by notable individuals such as Mr. Motaher Hussain and Mr. Saleh Ahmad, along with representatives of the student body, including this reporter. Under the guidance of Principal Mr. Shafiqur Rahman, the proceedings were conducted with dignity and reverence, underscoring the significance of the occasion. As the day drew to a close, a milad and doa mahfil was conducted, presided over by Maulana Nur Ahmed, offering prayers for the well-being and prosperity of our nation. The event concluded on a note of solemn reflection, reaffirming our commitment to the ideals of freedom, justice, and unity that lie at the heart of our nation's journey towards progress and prosperity.

The Significance of Mobile Phones Richard, Naogaon, February 1, 2023: Mobile phones have transcended from being mere fashion accessories to indispensable tools in our daily lives. Considered one of the greatest inventions of modern science, the mobile phone has revolutionized communication, making our lives easier and more connected than ever before. The introduction of mobile phones has bridged geographical barriers, bringing the farthest corners of the world within reach. Its merits are numerous and varied. Instant communication is one of its greatest advantages, allowing us to send news and messages to our loved ones from anywhere, be it our offices, homes, or even hotels and hostels. For businessmen, the mobile phone serves as an indispensable tool, enabling them to stay updated on market prices and make informed decisions on the go. Portability is another key feature of mobile phones, empowering users to carry their communication devices with them wherever they go. Its individualized nature ensures that news and information can be disseminated to any location at any time, serving as a reliable companion and guide for students, politicians, businessmen, and individuals from all walks of life. However, mobile phones also come with their share of drawbacks. Costliness restricts access to mobile phones for many individuals, limiting its usage to the affluent segment of society. Moreover, prolonged use of mobile phones can have adverse effects on health, particularly on hearing and brain function, prompting caution from medical professionals, especially regarding children's usage. Additionally, criminals may exploit mobile phones for nefarious activities, posing security concerns. Despite these drawbacks, the utility of mobile phones cannot be overstated. Efforts should be made to ensure universal access to mobile phones across the country, bridging the gap between the privileged and the marginalized. With proper regulation and awareness, mobile phones can continue to serve as invaluable tools for communication and connectivity, enriching our lives and facilitating progress in various spheres of society.

Travelling as an Integral Part of Education Rifat, Bogra, May 10, 2023: Traveling, synonymous with embarking on a journey, holds profound educational value, enriching our understanding and broadening our perspective. As Hazrat Mohammad (sm) aptly remarked, "For learning, if necessary go as far as China," highlighting the intrinsic link between travel and knowledge acquisition. In ancient times, traveling was arduous, fraught with challenges such as reliance on foot, boats, horses, or carts, and the looming threats of wild animals, robbers, and pirates. Despite these obstacles, renowned figures like Ibn Batuta, Marco Polo, and Hue En Shang ventured into the unknown, embodying the spirit of exploration and discovery. Similarly, intellectuals like Milton, Gibbon, Byron, Macaulay, and Wordsworth augmented their knowledge through extensive travel, transcending geographical boundaries in pursuit of enlightenment. Traveling affords us firsthand insights into the places we visit, offering a tangible experience of geographical features, climate, agriculture, and transportation systems. Moreover, it fosters personal connections with diverse cultures, allowing us to appreciate the nuances of people's lifestyles and traditions. While books may describe natural wonders like the Himalayas or the vastness of oceans, witnessing them firsthand provides a deeper understanding of their magnificence. Furthermore, travel dispels superstitions, as exposure to different cultures and beliefs broadens our perspective and promotes tolerance. Visiting historical sites enables us to connect with the legacies of ancient civilizations, fostering a sense of awe and appreciation for human achievement over the ages. Additionally, traveling facilitates encounters with nature's breathtaking beauty, rejuvenating our spirits and inspiring creativity. Witnessing the wonders of creation instills a sense of wonder and curiosity, prompting a deeper exploration of the world and its mysteries. In conclusion, traveling is an invaluable component of education, offering unparalleled opportunities for personal growth and enlightenment. It liberates us from the confines of routine life, encouraging exploration and discovery. Therefore, if circumstances permit, embarking on a journey is not merely an indulgence but a transformative educational experience that enriches our lives immeasurably.

Gender Discrimination in Bangladesh Rawshan Jahan, March 20, 2008: Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth, perpetuating a cycle of inequality that disproportionately affects women. In our society, women bear the brunt of this discrimination, facing myriad challenges from infancy to adulthood. One of the primary reasons for gender discrimination is the prevailing socio-economic structure, where parents often view male children as valuable assets who can contribute to the family income and assist with household chores. Consequently, the birth of a girl is sometimes perceived as a burden, relegating her to a subordinate position within the family. As a result, many girls grow up in environments where they are denied access to education and basic rights, consigned to domestic duties while their male counterparts receive opportunities for personal and intellectual development. This systemic inequality perpetuates a cycle of marginalization and disempowerment for women. Furthermore, societal norms dictate that a girl's primary role is to prepare for marriage and childbearing, rather than pursuing her own aspirations and ambitions. This antiquated mindset must be challenged and transformed to ensure that girls are empowered to lead fulfilling and autonomous lives. It is imperative to recognize that there is no inherent difference between boys and girls, and they should be treated with equal dignity and respect. Given the opportunity and support, girls are capable of achieving great success and making invaluable contributions to society. Education and equal treatment are essential in unlocking their full potential and dismantling the barriers of gender discrimination. In conclusion, addressing gender discrimination requires a concerted effort to challenge entrenched attitudes and practices that perpetuate inequality. By fostering a culture of equality and inclusivity, we can create a society where every individual, regardless of gender, has the opportunity to thrive and fulfill their aspirations.

The Evolving Role of Women in Bangladeshi Society Sadek, Dhaka, February 1, 2023: In Bangladesh, women constitute half of the total population and play a crucial role in shaping society. Traditionally, women have been confined to domestic duties, dedicating their lives to household chores and family care. However, with shifting societal attitudes and increased opportunities for education and employment, the role of women in Bangladeshi society is undergoing a significant transformation. In the past, women were restricted to the confines of their homes, solely responsible for child-rearing, cooking, and maintaining the household. They supported men in their occupational endeavors, both within the home and in agricultural activities. However, recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift in societal norms, with a diminishing tolerance for discrimination against women. Today, women are breaking free from the confines of traditional roles and actively participating in various spheres of public life. Empowered by education, skills, and abilities, women are venturing into diverse fields, including official and non-official employment, government and non-government sectors, self-employment enterprises, and business and commerce. The contributions of women in professions such as nursing, teaching, law, medicine, engineering, and journalism are commendable. Notably, the garment industry, a cornerstone of Bangladesh's economy, owes much of its success to the labor of women. Across all sectors of out-of-home work, women are making significant strides, demonstrating their capability and commitment to national development. It is evident that the involvement of women in all facets of society is indispensable for the progress and prosperity of the nation. By harnessing the potential of women and providing them with equal opportunities, Bangladesh can achieve inclusive growth and foster a more equitable society. The evolving role of women underscores the imperative of gender equality and empowerment, ensuring that no segment of the population is sidelined in the journey towards progress.

My First Day at College Surnon, Dhaka, March 13, 2023: Yesterday marked the beginning of my college journey, a day filled with excitement and anticipation that I will forever cherish. As I reflect on my first day at college, I am overwhelmed with joy at the memories created. Before stepping foot into the college, I couldn't shake off the nerves that accompanied the prospect of meeting new classmates and teachers. However, any apprehensions I had quickly dissipated as I immersed myself in the bustling atmosphere of the campus. Despite the schedule calling for six classes, only three were held on that inaugural day. Nevertheless, each session left an indelible impression on me. I was captivated by the exceptional delivery and presentations of the teachers, whose expertise and passion for teaching shone through their every word. Their teachings resonated with me so deeply that I can still recall them vividly. A profound sense of admiration and respect for these educators took root within me, a sentiment that continues to endure. During the tiffin period, I had the pleasure of bonding with some of my classmates in the college canteen. The camaraderie and warmth of the college community were palpable, fostering an environment of mutual support and cooperation. I was particularly drawn to the friendly demeanor of both students and teachers alike, which further enriched my initial experience. What I found most enchanting about the college was the sense of freedom it offered, coupled with the participatory teaching methods employed by the faculty. This blend of autonomy and interactive learning ignited a sense of curiosity and enthusiasm within me, setting the stage for a fulfilling academic journey ahead. As I reminisce about my first day at college, I am filled with gratitude for the welcoming embrace of my newfound college family. With eager anticipation, I look forward to the countless opportunities for growth, learning, and camaraderie that lie ahead in the coming years.

Food Adulteration Rings Alarm Bell/Food Adulteration Reaches New Height/Food Adulteration Is on the Increase Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2022: Food adulteration is indeed a serious issue in Bangladesh, as it is in many other countries around the world. Adulterated foods can cause various health problems and diseases, some of which can be life-threatening. It is alarming to hear that almost all types of food items in Bangladesh, including fish, meat, vegetables, milk, biscuits, and juice, are adulterated in one way or another. The fact that hotels and restaurants are also serving adulterated food adds to the problem. The government has taken some measures to combat this issue, such as setting up mobile courts to detect and punish those who engage in food adulteration. However, it seems that these measures are not sufficient to fully solve the problem. It is encouraging to know that some conscious people are trying to avoid these adulterated foods, but more needs to be done. The government and the public must work together to completely eradicate this problem. This can be done by implementing stricter laws and regulations, ensuring proper enforcement, and creating public awareness about the dangers of consuming adulterated foods. Only then can the people of Bangladesh be assured of the safety and quality of the foods they consume. Food Adulteration at an Alarming Rate Sukomal Datta, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, 4 November 2021: Food adulteration is silently killing the whole nation with slow poisoning because people are taking chemically-treated food items both knowingly and unknowingly, which has now become a major threat to public health. Food adulteration has emerged as another biggest problem of the city life which is still on the increase. Some dishonest businessmen add harmful chemicals to food items to prevent it from being rotten easily. And food sellers adulterate food by adding different harmful substances to make them more attractive to the customers. Harmful Textile color is being used in bakery industry. Fruit sellers add harmful chemicals to banana, mango etc to ripen those artificially. Fish sellers add formalin and other poisonous chemicals to fish so that they do not get rotten. It results not only the loss of actual quality of the food item, but also turns a food into poison. These colours and chemicals can cause fatal diseases like cancer in human body. The government has set mobile courts to detect and punish dishonest businessman who are associated with adulteration. But few mobile courts are not enough to prevent adulteration. Dr. Selima Rahaman, the leader of Consumer's Rights Movement of Bangladesh, said in a seminar, "The government is not serious at all about such a serious issue. They are happy to organize several monitoring cells that work less and tell much". Yesterday the Food Minister Abdul Razzak consoled people about this and promised to launch an all out campaign against food adulteration as early as possible. He also said, “We are aware of the rampant use of formalin and chemical preservatives in foods. We will take immediate steps.” Honourable minister requested the business folk and the mass people to co-assist the ministerial activities regarding this. Since 2010, food adulteration has increased across the country remarkably. Food Adulteration Rings Alarm Bell/Food Adulteration Reaches New Height/Food Adulteration Is on the Increase Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 5, 2022: It may arouse astonishment among the people of the world that Bangladeshis devour adulterated foods from outside and still they are alive. Food adulteration has become a new problem in the country. People do not bother what they are having as foods even they know that it may cause them much harm. There are hardly any food items from fish to meat, vegetables to milk; biscuits to juice that are not adulterated in one way or another. The hotels and restaurants are also serving these poisonous and unhealthy menus. Different reports show that adulterated foods are causing serious diseases including diarrhoea and dysentery round the year. Recently, the government and general public have been much worried about this issue. The government has set mobile courts to detect and punish dishonest people. But these scopes are hardly enough. And at least some steps are taken by the conscious people of the country. For example, they are trying to avoid some of these foods. But it is not enough. Both the government and public have to work together in order to eradicate this problem entirely. Alarming Increase in Food Adulteration Sukomal Datta, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, November 4, 2013: Food adulteration has emerged as a silent but lethal menace, posing a significant threat to public health across the nation. Both knowingly and unknowingly, people are consuming chemically-treated food items, leading to a slow poisoning that is silently ravaging the population. In urban areas, food adulteration has reached alarming levels, fueled by dishonest practices among businessmen and food sellers. Harmful chemicals are surreptitiously added to food items to prolong their shelf life, enhance their appearance, or artificially ripen fruits. The bakery industry, for instance, is tainted by the use of harmful textile colors, while fish sellers resort to adding formalin and other poisonous chemicals to prevent spoilage. This widespread adulteration not only compromises the quality of food but also transforms it into a potent source of harm, with the potential to cause fatal diseases such as cancer. Despite efforts by the government to combat this issue through mobile courts and regulatory measures, the scale of adulteration continues to escalate, raising questions about the efficacy of current enforcement mechanisms. Dr. Selima Rahaman, a prominent figure in the Consumer's Rights Movement of Bangladesh, lamented the lack of seriousness from the government in addressing this critical issue. She criticized the superficial efforts of monitoring cells, which she deemed insufficient in tackling the pervasive problem of food adulteration. In response to mounting concerns, Food Minister Abdul Razzak reassured the public and pledged to launch a comprehensive campaign against food adulteration without delay. Acknowledging the rampant use of formalin and chemical preservatives in foods, he emphasized the government's commitment to taking immediate action. He urged both business stakeholders and the general populace to collaborate with ministerial efforts in combating this pressing issue. Since 2010, instances of food adulteration have surged across the country, underscoring the urgent need for concerted action to safeguard public health and restore trust in the food supply chain.

Conclusion of the 19th Dhaka International Trade Fair (DITF)-2014 Staff Correspondent, Dhaka; April 24, 2024: The curtains have closed on the month-long 19th Dhaka International Trade Fair (DITF)-2014, marking the end of an eventful chapter in Bangladesh's commercial landscape. Despite concerted efforts to stimulate business activity, the fair witnessed a decline in spot orders, casting a shadow over its potential as a lucrative business opportunity. Traders from a multitude of countries including India, China, Pakistan, Malaysia, the UAE, Singapore, Thailand, the US, and Turkey participated in the fair, showcasing a diverse range of products and services. A total of 480 stalls, pavilions, and mini pavilions were allotted to both local and foreign companies, underscoring the fair's significance as a platform for international trade. Co-organized by the Export Promotion Bureau in collaboration with the commerce ministry, the fair fell short of expectations, generating nearly 50 percent less revenue compared to the previous year. While the DITF-2013 amassed Tk 157 crore in spot orders, this year's edition concluded with a total of Tk 80.44 crore. Commerce Minister Tofael Ahmed officially announced the closure of the DITF-2014, expressing optimism about the country's export potential. He emphasized the need for concerted efforts to bolster export earnings, setting a target of US$ 50 billion within the next five years. Acknowledging the successful conclusion of the fair, he urged local participants to leverage their experiences to propel Bangladesh's export sector forward. The fair, which typically commences on the first day of the year, faced initial challenges due to political unrest, prompting a delayed inauguration by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Despite apprehensions of low sales and attendance, the fair gained momentum as the political climate improved, gradually attracting increased interest from both traders and visitors alike. While the DITF-2024 may not have met its lofty expectations in terms of revenue generation, it served as a testament to Bangladesh's resilience and potential in the global market. As stakeholders reflect on the outcomes of this year's fair, they are poised to leverage lessons learned to drive future growth and prosperity in the country's export sector.

Freshers’ Reception at Udayan College Sumiya, Khulna; April 24, 2024: The annual fresher’s reception at Udayan College, Khulna, was celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervor yesterday. As a distinguished educational institution in the city, Udayan College organizes this event every year, showcasing its commitment to welcoming new students into its fold. The reception was orchestrated by the Udayan College X-Student’s Union, which spared no effort in ensuring its success. Approximately 1000 former students graced the occasion, reminiscing about their own experiences at the college. The esteemed District Commissioner honored the event as the chief guest, while the local Member of Parliament, Latif Patwari, a former student of the college, also attended. The function commenced with a recitation from the Holy Quran, followed by the chief guest’s inauguration and a brief, inspiring speech. Principal Mr. Arunodoy Bosak extended a warm welcome to the freshers, emphasizing the college’s commitment to their academic and personal growth. The new students took their oath, signifying their dedication to upholding the values of the institution. The program then unfolded with a second-year student delivering a heartfelt welcome address, symbolizing the unity and camaraderie among the students. Representatives from the new students expressed their gratitude and excitement for the journey ahead. The cultural group of the college took the stage, treating the audience to lively performances including songs, dances, and jokes. A renowned band group added to the festive atmosphere, entertaining the students with their music. In his closing remarks, Principal Bosak expressed gratitude to the chief guest, faculty members, and students for their collaboration in making the event a resounding success. The freshers’ reception not only marked the beginning of a new academic year but also highlighted the vibrant spirit and unity within the Udayan College community.