Common Prepositions for Examinations A preposition is a word which shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and another word in the sentence. Prepositions are usually (but not always) placed before the noun or pronoun which they govern. This chapter deals mainly with common prepositions and contains simple instances of their use. The following is a list of all the common prepositions; explanations (where necessary) and examples follow each preposition. The chief meanings of each preposition are given. Some of the explanations (e.g. under = lower than, vertically below, beneath) may at first appear to be interchangeable in one or more of the examples given. Further examination, however, will reveal that they are not interchangeable in every case. about (1) concerning, of. He talked about his old friend. Note that concerning, of, and about are not interchangeable after the verb to be and are rarely interchangeable when about governs a noun or a pronoun following another noun: The lecture was about Charles Darwin. That book about Napoleon is very interesting. (2) near(ly), approximately (a place, a time, a quantity, etc.). It was about two o'clock when he left. The bomb fell about here. (3) here and there, in various parts of, all around. The traveller roamed about the town trying to find a suitable hotel. We wandered about the city on our first evening there. above (1) higher than, on top of (without touch­ing), over. See over (1). The big bird flew above the trees. There is a monkey on the branch above you. (2) more than, over. Above two hundred people attended the meeting. (3) superior to. AH these men are honest and above bribery. across (1) from one side to the other of. The little boy ran across the street. (2) on the other side of. He saw a grocer's shop across the street. after (1) later than (a time). / shall be able to see you after six o'clock. Can you come to see us after the holidays? (3) following, behind. Go after him quickly and give him his umbrella. (4) This painting is after Turner. Note the difference between the following two sentences: He painted it after Turner. (= in the same manner as) He painted after Turner. (= at a later time than) (5) as a consequence of. The headmaster would not grant the class a holiday after their bad behaviour. (6) in spite of. After everything I said, you still had to do it! against (1) Stop knocking the stick against the fence. (2) It is difficult to run against a strong wind. (3) The struggle against poverty and hunger is a hard one. (4) contrary to. Smoking is against the school rules. (5) in contrast with. The beautiful villa stood out against the ugly slums surrounding it. (6) in preparation for. She began to save money against the time when she would no longer be able to work. (7) in exchange for. He bet me his gun against my radio. (8) opposed to, not in favour of. He was against the scheme from the very start. along There are many tall trees along the road to the village. amid(st) She stood in tears amid the alien corn. The great man stood amidst the cheering crowd. Note that there is no difference between amid and amidst. Both are found more in litera­ture than in daily speech. among(st) (1) from person to person. The host moved about among his guests. (2) Divide this cake among all the boys here. See between. (3) one of. / am among the great man's followers. Note that there is no difference between among and amongst, and both prepositions must be followed by a plural noun or pronoun. around Many people stood around the injured man. The news soon travelled around the world. See round. Round and around are usually interchangeable in daily speech. However, in formal English around is used chiefly to mean on every side of or about, and round has the meaning of so as to encircle or enclose. at (1) His father appeared at that moment. We arrived at two o'clock. Used to denote a point of time, usually moments and clock times. (2) They will begin their journey at Easter. Used before the names of festivals, etc. but not before days: They will begin their journey on Easter Sunday. See on (4). (3) He lives at the white cottage. Used before the name of a particular place (usually an address, a building, a village, or a small town). See in (4). (4) to, towards. The goat ran at the passer-by. Note that to cannot be substituted for at in contexts like the following : The soldiers aimed at the target. She threw the book at me. (Cf. She threw the book to me.} (5) for. I bought six pencils at fifty cents each. (6) The examiner soon put the candidate at ease. Used before certain nouns to express states, conditions, emotions, etc. (See Chapter 3) before (1) in front of. The accused man was brought before the magistrate. Antonym = behind. (2) My sister arrived home that night before ten o'clock. Antonym = after. (3) rather than. Death before dishonour. behind (1) at the back of. His wife stood behind him, looking over his shoulder at the man he was facing. (2) on the far side of, beyond. The chemist's shop is a few yards behind the church. (3) supporting. / knew that my friends were behind me in the matter. (4) inferior to, lower than. John is behind the rest of the class in mathematics. (5) hidden by, being concealed by. There is something strange behind this apparently simple occurrence. (6) late (with). I am behind with my work. (7) in the past (and finished). Your hard days in prison are behind you now. below (1) lower than. Just below the top of the wall there was a brick missing. Antonym = above. See under (1). (2) Your composition was below average. John is below the rest of the class in mathe­matics. Below and behind are interchangeable in the second sentence above, but not in such phrases as below average. Beneath can be substituted for below in most contexts. See note on beneath (3). beneath (1) below. The road twisted through the valley beneath us. (3) underneath. Beneath his rough exterior was a heart of gold. (4) It was beneath his dignity to plead with her father. Note that beneath and below are interchange­able except in certain established phrases: beneath notice, beneath contempt, beneath one's dignity, below average, below par, below the belt. beside (1) by the side of, near by, close to. Looking up, I saw a man standing beside me. (2) compared with. He isn't very good at arithmetic, but beside Harry he is a genius at it. (3) not concerning, irrelevant to. The point you have just raised is beside the question. (4) except, apart from. He trusted no one beside a very old and faithful servant. besides in addition to. There were three others present at the meeting besides Mr Day. Besides and beside are easily confused by overseas students. Apart from the difference in meaning, beside is used only as a preposition, whereas besides can also be used as an adverb to mean moreover or furthermore. between Many grammar books used to insist on the use of between in relation to two persons or things and among or amongst in relation to more than two. This distinction is no longer observed. There is nothing wrong with writing: We shall share the bill between the three of us. It is often necessary in geographical contexts to use between for more than two objects: Switzerland lies between Italy, Germany, and France. (1) across (a space). His body was firmly wedged between the two rocks. (2) across (a period of time). What did you do between two o'clock and three o'clock? (3) in the middle of. The journey by air to England takes between ten and twelve hours. The girt was torn between her love for her father and her desire to see justice done. (4) separating. There is a wide river between the two villages. (5) connecting, uniting. There is something between the two men: find out what it is. (6) shared by. He divided the money between John and me. When co-operation is expressed, between is more commonly used than among. The members of the class collected fifty dollars between them. betwixt An archaic preposition used sometimes in poetry to mean between and frequently shortened to 'twixt. As ’twixt two equal Armies. Fate Suspends uncertain victory . . . (From Donne's "The Ecstasy") beyond (1) past, at the farther side of. The wood is beyond the stream. (2) past, out of reach of. The apples on the tree hung beyond the outstretched hands of the small boy. The evil man is not beyond salvation. (3) later than. It was beyond midnight when we left the party. but except. See except. No one but Sherlock Holmes can solve this problem. Is there nothing to drink but water? by (1) Jack was punished by his father. Used after verbs in the passive voice to denote the agent of the action. Cf. with — by means of. By is used to signify the agent by whom (or which) the action is done; with is used to signify the instrument with which the action is done. See with (1). He was murdered by the angry mob. (= The angry mob murdered him) He was murdered with this old knife. (= Someone used this old knife to murder him) (2) at the side of, near. The old woman wished to be buried by her husband. There was a large dog lying by the entrance. (3) via. We travelled to India by South Africa. (4) past. A horse ran by the group of be­wildered visitors. (5) by means of. He passed the examination by sheer hard work. This old engine is driven by steam. You can always contact me by telephone. (6) during. The pilgrims travelled by night and rested by day. Note: by night = during the night. (7) at or before (a time). The ship will arrive in Southampton by ten o’clock. I shall have finished by next Friday. Note that the Simple Future or Future Perfect Tense is often used with this construction. Care should be taken not to confuse until ( = up to the time of) with by ( = at). Consider the following sentences: The ship will not arrive in Southamp­ton by ten o’clock. (= The ship will not arrive at ten o'clock) The ship will not arrive in Southamp­ton until ten o’clock. ( = The ship will arrive at ten o'clock) (8) By Jove, Tom won the race. Used in oaths, despite in spite of. They will come with us despite the bad weather. Not much used in conversation. down (1) from the top to the bottom of. We scrambled down the hill. (2) along. / went down the country lane for a few miles. during (1) throughout. Sentries guarded the camp during the night. (3) at some particular time in. Many people were made homeless during the floods. except AH the pupils attended the meeting except Tony. Many students experience difficulty in deciding when to use except, but, save, and when to use except for, but for, save for. Except = not in­cluding: except for = on condition that you ignore the following (fact). Except should be used if exceptions are made from plural nouns or words with a plural mean­ing : I go to school every day except Sunday. However, if the exception is not from the plural noun and the word modifies another word or group of words in the sentence, except for should be used: The roads are deserted except for a few cars. If the exception is made from a singular noun denoting a complete unit in itself, the word to use is except for. This is a good essay except for the first paragraph. for (1) on behalf of. Mr Smith said that he signed the cheque for his wife. (4) in place of, instead of. He used the ash-tray for a paper-weight. The abbreviation M.A. stands for Master of Arts. (5) in exchange for, for the price of. / will give you £100 for your car. (6) in order to obtain. He plays the piano for pleasure. (7) at the cost of. He could not sing for his life. (8) regarding. As for this class, I do not think their chances of passing the test are very good. Note that as generally precedes for when used in contexts similar to the above. (9) in search of, to obtain. Many people went to Alaska for gold. (10) on account of, because of. He hired a guide for fear of getting tost. (11) towards. The ship sails for the Far East. Used after verbs expressing departure or direction towards a place: e.g. leave for, set off for, make for. (12) used for. This wardrobe is for clothes. (13) She baked a cake for her son (i.e. intended for him to eat). What can I do for you? (i.e. to help you). Used to denote a recipient of some­thing. (14) This pen is no good for you. It was fortu­nate for you that he was there. The room is too big for you. Used after certain adjectives and adverbs when they affect a person or a thing. (15) His hopes for success in the election were soon dashed. The neighbouring country showed its desire for peace by reducing its armed forces. Used after certain nouns and verbs ex­pressing a wish, a hope, or an expectation. (16) making an allowance for, considering the circumstances. He is a big boy for his age. (17) in certain expressions such as go for a walk, go for a holiday, etc. (18) Plenty of fresh air will be good for his health. Smoking is bad for the lungs. (19) in support of, in favour of. How many are for the motion? How many are against it? (20) as. The committee chose Mr Ismail for vice-president. This room is used for a spare bedroom. (21) during. / have lived in Ceylon for two years. He hadn't seen John for five years. Note that for is used to denote a period of time: since is used (as a preposition) to signify the beginning of a period of time. / have lived in Ceylon since 1962. Occasionally, for can be omitted (whereas since can never be omitted). / have lived in Ceylon two years. Consider the difference between the following two sentences: Has she been absent for the last year? Has she been absent since last year? See since. from (1) separated from, distant from. Your house is a long way from the beach. The village is ten miles from the highway. (22)have an origin in. He is from China. Wine is made from grapes. (23)The musicians travelled from London to Singapore. It was a good film from beginning to end. Count from 1 to 20. Used to express the point of departure. (24)have as a reason orcause. The boy screamed from fear as the tiger came towards him. (25) Choose a book from this shelf. I cannot distinguish him from his brother. Used to signify comparison or difference. in (1) during (a period of time). Jim answered all the questions in ten minutes. Generally used with the Past Tense to denote a duration of time. (26)after (a period of time). She will meet us in two hours. Generally used with the Future Tense to denote the period of time within which the action will take place. (27) during, at some time during. She teaches in the morning only. The examination will be in June. They will return home for their holidays in summer. We left Nigeria in 1960. Used before parts of the day, weeks, months, seasons, and years. (See Appendix, page 134) (28)She lives in London. Used before the names of (important) towns, cities, countries, etc., or any large area. See at (3). (29)That book is not in the library. He has a sword in his hand. I saw him in the theatre. Used to denote a state or position in contexts like the above. (30) He is going in the front door of the building. Pour some water in the bottle. Note that in and into are usually interchange­able when movement is denoted (except when in has the meaning of through as in the first example above): into, however, is often used after go. (31)Between the trees I caught sight of the man in the brown suit. Who was the girl in the blue dress? Used often to denote the clothes, etc., in which a person is dressed. Note that with is used to denote physical characteristics and any­thing which is carried. Compare the following two sentences: She went to the party in a new dress (i.e. wearing a new dress). She went to the party with a new dress (i.e. carrying a new dress). This distinction is, however, a fine one, and with is often used colloquially in such contexts instead of in. See with (2). (32) You are wasting your efforts in attempting this impossible feat. Used before a gerund ex­pressing some kind of activity. inside He was waiting inside the cinema. Once inside the door, the thief took off his mask. into (1) He went into the house. The elephants wandered back into the jungle. Used to express a movement inwards: into can never be used to express a state. (33) He put all the money into a big pile. He translated the play into French. Used to express a change of condition. (34) divide so as to form several parts. His mother cut the cake into six pieces. like She saw a strange animal like a dragon. Your shoes are just like mine. I want a pen like John's. He raved like a madman. P number of gram­marians would class like as an adverb of degree in the last sentence above. (He raved like a madman = He raved like a madman raves.) near Mrs Jones sat near the fire. There are many trees near the new school. He insisted on stand­ing near me. of (1) belonging to: part of. She was the daughter of my friend. The leaves of this tree are beginning to fall. The wood of this desk is cracked. (2) from. Tibet is north of India. Note that of can be used with certain words to mean from: die of wounds, expect something of a person, etc. (3) have an origin in, come from. He congratu­lated himself on coming of a good family. (4) selected from, belonging to. / gave him a book of mine. (5) showing the identity or quality of. The chair is (made) of wood. A bridge of steel stretched across the river. (6) The teacher took out a piece of chalk. I have bought a new pair of gloves. We travelled over a mile of rough road. The little boy wanted to buy a pound of biscuits. Used in such phrases to show measurement or amount. (7) among. The murder could have been com­mitted by any of those present at the party. (8) about, concerning. He spoke of the great inventor with much respect. Note that of cannot be used to mean about after the verb to be. See also about (1). (9) It is kind of you to present the prizes. It was wicked of him to plot against the king. It was clever of the king to discover the plot. (1 0) having. He was a man of great determina­tion. Used after a noun or pronoun to form an adjectival phrase. Of is frequently used to show qualities of character and also to show ages. She is a girl of much ability. He was a man of thirty. (11) The island of Hong Kong is a great trading centre. The Isle of Capri is near Naples. You are now in the City of Leeds. off (1) away from. He broke a piece off the cake. She cut a slice off the loaf. He jumped off the wall. Keep off the grass (= Don't walk on the grass). (2) less than. They are selling the radios at twenty per cent off the market price. (3) near (of ships). / saw the ship off the jetty. on (1) on the surface of, on top of. There is a cat on the roof! I like that picture on the wall. (2) covering, in contact with a surface. She was wearing a wedding-ring on her third finger. Although the actor was dressed in a suit, he had sandals on his feet. (3) Is Sam Jones on the ship? His friends live on the other side of the town. Used to denote a general position. (4) I m going to a football match on Saturday. We arranged to meet on June 20th. What are you doing on Christmas Day? (Cf. What are you doing at Christmas?} Used to indicate a position in time, usually a day or a date. See at (2). (5) as soon as, immediately after. On reaching home, I had a bath and changed my clothes. (6) as a result of. On further consideration of your plan, I think it advisable to call for more assistance. (7) about, concerning. / was asked to give a talk on my research. We talked on many subjects. Note that on is usually interchangeable with about and concerning. (8) Who is on the jury? Are you on the com­mittee? (but Are you in the club?) Used chiefly to show membership of small or exclusive associations. (9) near to. / saw a shadow on my left. Used chiefly with right and left. (Note: in front of me, at my side, etc.) (10) The house is on fire. I received the book on loan. He acted on impulse. Used before many nouns. (See Chapter 3) onto See on to on page 8. opposite The shop opposite the school sells radios. The cinema is opposite (to) our house. out Out is never a preposition. When followed by of, the phrase means the opposite of into. See out of on page 8. outside (1) He was waiting outside the cinema. She was standing outside the door. (11)apart from, except for. He is the only person who knows about the plan outside the committee. (12)beyond. If you insist on going outside the law, you must expect legal penalties. over (1) above (without touching). A sign hung over the inn door. Over is often interchangeable with above in such contexts, but over has the meaning of verti­cally above, while above implies only higher than. See above (1). (2) above (touching), on the surface of. Grass is growing over the aerodrome. The burglar put a mask over his face. Note that above can never be substituted for over in these contexts. (3) across. He walked over the road to greet me. (4) from one side to the other of. The boys quickly climbed over the wall into the orchard. (5) superior to. A new manager has been appointed over us. (6) more than, above. Over five hundred people were present at the ceremony. See above (2). (7) about, concerning. He went to see Mr Jones over his son's poor examination results. The quarrel was over a small child. past (1) The soldiers marched past the church. (8) The poor woman is past praying for (= we have given up hope). (9) He is past forty ( = over forty years old). It is now ten past two. round (1) rotating, so as to encircle or enclose. The earth goes round the sun. Around is not substituted for round with this meaning in formal English. See around. (2) surrounding, on every side of. The enemy gathered round the village. Around and round are interchangeable in such contexts as above. (3) throughout, to all parts of. He went round the whole town asking for work. save except. See except. The whole class save Peter arrived on time. Used little in conversation. since (1) I have not seen David since 1950. He has been absent since last week. Used before an expression denoting a definite point in past time to show a continuous period of time extending from the point in the past to the present moment. (2) after. / have visited Ann only once since her accident. The trains run less frequently since the introduction of the new timetable. They have seen the thieves several times since the robbery. Used before an expression denoting past time to show an event or events which happened at particular points during the period of time extending from the past to the present. Note: (i) The Simple Present or the Present Perfect Tense is generally used before phrases beginning with since. (ii) Since is used more frequently as an adverb than as a preposition. through (1) between the parts of, from one end to the other of. He peered through his binoculars. We went through a wood to the cottage. (2) all of. He searched through my belongings. (3) because of. by means of, on account of. / met her through John. He passed the examina­tion through hard work. throughout through the whole of. Throughout his life, the'doctor always tried to help others. till See until. to (1) / travelled by boat to Bombay last year. They returned to their village. The acrobat jumped to the ground. Used to denote a point of arrival or completion. Note that it is often used with this meaning after the verb go in such phrases as: go to bed, go to church, go to prison, go to sea, go to town, go to work, (but go to the office, go to the city, go to the shop, etc.: go home) (2) in the direction of. towards. While on his way to the cinema, he met an old friend. The wood Ues to the north of the road. (3) as far as. / went with the guide to the foot of the mountains. (4) until. He said he would be busy from two o'clock to four o'clock. (5) You will be late: it is already five (minutes) to nine. Used in telling the time to mean before. See past (3). (6) This film is nothing to ( = in comparison with) the one I saw yesterday. The chances of success are a hundred to one. The ratio is four to nine. Used often to show a comparison or ratio, (but: The gradient of this hill is mostly one in five.} (7) Stand shoulder to shoulder. There was much hand-to-hand fighting in the streets. I would like to meet that villain face to face and tell him exactly what I think of him. Used in such expressions to express closeness involving a certain opposition or competition. (8) To my utter astonishment, he laughed when he heard the news. The small boy did not appear frightened, much to the dismay of his kidnappers. Used frequently before nouns express­ing emotion to denote the result or effect of an action on another person. (9) Give it to him. Her father brought the basket to her. Add it to the bill. Used to introduce an indirect object. Note that the sentence pattern consists of: Subj. + Verb + Direct Obj. + Prep. + Ind. Obj. e g. Her father brought the basket to her. Many of these patterns can be changed to: Subj. + Verb + Ind. Obj. + Direct Obj. e.g. Give him it. Her father brought her the basket. However, certain verbs will not permit of such a change: Add it to the bill. Join the end to this piece. (10) To is also used as a particle marking the infinitive (i) after certain verbs, (ii) in infinitive phrases, and (iii) to denote purpose. The stranger suddenly began to sing. "To be or not to be, that is the question." / went home to find my book. Note that to in these cases is not a preposition but a particle. toward(s) (1) in the direction of, to. The wounded man crawled towards the door. Towards is preferable to to, if the idea of moving in the direction of is stressed. (11) in relation to, with regard to. / felt a lot of gratitude towards my host. (12) for the purpose of. You should save as much money as possible towards your coming holiday. (13) near, just before. We are now coming towards the end of the cave. They left the party towards midnight. Note: toward is sometimes used in poetry, and even in conversation, instead of towards. under (1) lower than, vertically below, beneath. There was a black spot under his left eye. We sheltered under the big tree. Under and beneath are often interchangeable; below, however, is not always interchangeable, for it means merely lower than, while under sug­gests vertically below. Compare the following two sentences: He hid under the table (= under­neath the table). He hid below the table (= lower than the top of the table.) Antonym = over. See below (1). Note that under and beneath are often used figuratively, while below cannot be used in this way. He became ill under the heavy burden of work. The staves cried out under the oppression. (2) below (the surface of). The stranger had a gun under his cloak. (3) less than. This car cost under £500. Under a quarter of the members attended the meeting. (4) inferior to. At least ten boys were under John in the results of the test. (5) subject to. His father could not agree to Bill working under such conditions. This road is under repair. (6) -sheltered by. / was no longer frightened because I was under the protection of my big brother. We stood under the wall white the stones flew overhead. (7) in the reign of. Sir Francis Drake lived under Queen Elizabeth I. underneath (1) There is a blot underneath the first Une on that page. We were standing underneath an old arch. (8) He was wearing a thick vest underneath his shirt. Underneath is frequently interchangeable with under, beneath, and below. until (till) (1) up to the time of. The children stayed awake till midnight. I shall be absent till January. (9) before. Until his accident, he had always been strong and healthy. Till is generally used before a single word or a phrase; until is more common at the beginning of a sentence. unto Archaic and literary. (No longer used in modern English.) Unto has the same meanings as to except as a particle marking the infinitive. See to. up The brave fireman quickly climbed up the ladder and rescued the old woman. Once up the moun­tain. the climbers found the air cool and fresh. upon Upon/On our arrival, the natives began to sing and dance. The lecture will be upon/on the effects of the radio satellite. But: / hope to see him on (not upon) Saturday. This preposition is a compound of up and on, and may be used instead of on in all cases, ex­cept when on denotes a position in time. How­ever, on is much more commonly used, especially in colloquial English. See on. with (1) by means of. He sharpened his pencil with a small knife. I cannot write with this pen. He was struck with a blunt instrument. With denotes the instrument with which the action is done; by can sometimes be substituted for with in contexts containing the Passive Voice. By, however, cannot be interchanged with with in other contexts (as in the first two examples above). See by (1). (10) having. / bought the chair with the broken leg. He felt unhappy until he met a man with no money at all. I saw the man with the scar on his face. He spoke with a foreign accent. She was talking to the lady with the large basket. With is used to form phrases showing posses­sion or certain characteristics. It is used in rela­tion to people to show physical features and to denote anything which is carried (e.g. a basket). See in (7). (11) in the possession of. You may leave your case with the porter. (12) on the side of. The Americans fought with the English against the Germans. Are you with me or against me? (13) against. Why do you wish to quarrel with me? It's no good trying to compete with those who have so much more experience than you. (14) in the company of, among. / am going to England with my sister. She is playing on the lawn with her friends. (15) regarding, concerning. Some teachers are very good with young children. What does he want with you? (16) because of. She laughed with joy. (17) in spite of. With all your faults, I still like you. (18) With certain people, truth appears to be no longer important. (19) at the same time as. The old man gets up every morning with the sun. (20) in proportion to. The petrol consumption usually increases with the age of a car. (21) The sick man climbed the steps with great difficulty. He witnessed the ceremony with considerable pride. With a grinding of brakes the train came to a halt. Used in many similar adverbial phrases showing manner. (22) Off with his head! ( = Cut off his head) Away with you! (= Go away) Down with all traitors! (=Let all traitors be punished) Used immediately after adverbial particles in impera­tives like the above. See Appendix VIL within (1) inside or in (a place). No sound came from within the big house. Within is not often used now with this mean­ing; in or inside can be substituted for within. (2) inside (a period of time). You must pay me back within one month. (3) not beyond. A man should always try to live within his means. We are now within sight of the airport. without (1) not having, lacking in, free from. The poor man went without food and shelter for several days. I can't pay my bill, as I am without money. He came without delay. The boy climbed the diff without any fear. (2) alone, not in company with. Mr Joyboy is going on holiday without his wife. (3) so as not to. Can you dose the door with­out waking the baby? Used before other gerunds in similar contexts. (4) outside, beyond. There is a green hill far away Without a city wall (C. F. Alexander) Rarely used now, and never in speech. There are also a number of compound prepositions which are common in English and which have the force of a single preposition. along with together with, in company with. He went on the dangerous journey along with his two friends. but for But for the doctor's skill, he would have died. To decide when to use but and when to use but for. see except on page 3. down to The water is now down to the level of the bridge. except for The road was deserted except for a few cars. To decide when to use except and when to use except for, see except on page 3. from above, etc. A voice was heard from above the house. A man emerged from beneath the lorry. Most of the children came from near the school. From may precede many other prepositions. into See into on page 4. near by/near to The wood is near by/near to the school. on to The thief climbed on to the roof. The thief climbed onto the roof. Both the above sentences are correct for this compound preposition may be written either as two separate words or as one word in many cases, though onto is becoming rare. However, on to must be written as two words when on is part of a phrasal verb (i.e. an adverbial particle). The travellers agreed to carry on to Australia. opposite to Do you see the man standing opposite to the teacher? (Opposite, however, is more usual.) out of (1) expresses a movement outwards. The man came out of the hotel. (Antonym = into) (2) outside, beyond. London Airport is a few miles out of London. (3) on account of, because of. He fell in love with her out of pity. (4) a part of. The juggler caught the balls nine times out of ten. (5) not in. The car is out of action. My radio set is out of order. over against near by, adjacent to. The cupboard is over against the window. over and above besides. The employer promised his men an increase in wages over and above the granting of shorter hours. round about approximately (reinforcing the idea of about). He earns round about €20 a week. save for It is a good book save for the last chapter. To decide when to use save and when to use save for. see except on page 3. upon See upon on page 7. up to as far as. During the floods the water came up to the bottom of the window. (2) on the authority of. According to the doctor, Mr Smith has been ill for a long time. apart from besides. What do you study apart from English? as for so far as it concerns, regarding. As for the thief, I am sure that he will soon be caught. See for (6). as from The guarantee will cease to be operative as from 24th April 1962. Used mainly in formal letters. Compound Prepositions Made Up of Two or More Prepositions Only You are asking for combinations consisting exclusively of two or more prepositions, without nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or conjunctions. Examples: From under From behind From beneath From within Out of Up to These are combinations of prepositions, not ordinary multiword prepositional expressions such as because of, in front of or according to. 1. Complete List with Examples No. Combination বাংলা অর্থ Example 1 From under নিচের স্থান থেকে The cat came out from under the bed. 2 From beneath নিচের দিক থেকে He emerged from beneath the table. 3 From below নিচ থেকে A strange noise came from below. 4 From above ওপর থেকে The bird appeared from above. 5 From behind পেছন থেকে Someone called me from behind. 6 From beyond দূরবর্তী স্থান থেকে A voice came from beyond the hills. 7 From within ভেতর থেকে A sound came from within the building. 8 From outside বাইরের দিক থেকে Someone knocked from outside. 9 From inside ভেতরের দিক থেকে He shouted from inside the room. 10 From between মাঝখান থেকে A child appeared from between the trees. 11 From among অনেকের মধ্য থেকে He stepped forward from among the crowd. 12 From around চারপাশের দিক থেকে People came from around the country. 13 From across ওপার থেকে We heard music from across the river. 14 From through মধ্য দিয়ে বাইরে থেকে Light came from through the narrow opening. 15 Out of থেকে বাইরে He walked out of the room. 16 Into ভেতরে She went into the kitchen. 17 Onto ওপরের দিকে The cat jumped onto the table. 18 Upon ওপর He placed the book upon the desk. 19 Within ভেতরে / সীমার মধ্যে Stay within the boundary. 20 Without ছাড়া He left without his umbrella. 21 Throughout সর্বত্র / পুরো সময়জুড়ে It rained throughout the night. 22 Up to পর্যন্ত The road goes up to the village. 23 Down to পর্যন্ত / নিচের দিকে The water came down to his knees. 24 Away from থেকে দূরে Keep away from the fire. 25 Off of থেকে দূরে / থেকে নিচে He fell off of the bicycle. Compound Prepositions Compound prepositions are prepositions consisting of two or more words that function together as a single preposition. They express relationships of time, place, direction, cause, purpose, manner, possession, reference, exception, and contrast. Examples: According to the rules, everyone must obey the law. Because of heavy rain, the match was cancelled. In front of the school, there is a large playground. Below is an extensive, exam-oriented list with Bangla meanings and examples. 1. Compound Prepositions of Time No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 1 According to অনুসারে According to the schedule, the train leaves at 8 a.m. 2 Ahead of আগে He arrived ahead of time. 3 As of থেকে / অনুযায়ী As of Monday, the new rules will apply. 4 As from থেকে As from next month, the office will open earlier. 5 As of now এখন পর্যন্ত As of now, no decision has been made. 6 At the beginning of শুরুতে At the beginning of the year, we made new plans. 7 At the end of শেষে At the end of the meeting, everyone applauded. 8 At the time of সময়ে At the time of the accident, he was sleeping. 9 By means of মাধ্যমে He solved the problem by means of a calculator. 10 By the time of নাগাদ By the time of his arrival, everyone had left. 11 In advance of আগে We completed the work in advance of the deadline. 12 In the course of চলাকালে In the course of the discussion, an important issue arose. 13 In the middle of মাঝখানে He called me in the middle of the night. 14 In the wake of পরবর্তী সময়ে In the wake of the accident, new safety rules were introduced. 15 On the eve of প্রাক্কালে On the eve of the examination, he became nervous. 16 Prior to পূর্বে Prior to the meeting, we discussed the matter. 17 Subsequent to পরবর্তী সময়ে Subsequent to the investigation, he was released. 18 Up to পর্যন্ত You can submit the form up to Friday. 2. Compound Prepositions of Place and Position No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 19 According to অনুসারে According to the map, the village is nearby. 20 Ahead of সামনে A bus was driving ahead of us. 21 Along with সঙ্গে She came along with her brother. 22 Apart from ছাড়া / ব্যতীত Apart from the library, there is a computer lab. 23 Away from থেকে দূরে Stay away from the fire. 24 Close to কাছাকাছি My house is close to the school. 25 Far from থেকে দূরে The station is far from here. 26 In front of সামনে A car is parked in front of the house. 27 In the middle of মাঝখানে There is a fountain in the middle of the garden. 28 Inside of ভিতরে He stayed inside of the building. 29 Near to নিকটে The hospital is near to my house. 30 Next to পাশে She sat next to me. 31 On top of উপরে The book is on top of the table. 32 On the other side of অন্য পাশে The bank is on the other side of the road. 33 Out of বাইরে / থেকে He walked out of the room. 34 Outside of বাইরে They waited outside of the building. 35 Underneath নিচে The keys were underneath the sofa. 36 With regard to সম্পর্কে With regard to your question, I have an answer. 3. Compound Prepositions of Cause, Reason and Purpose No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 37 Because of কারণে The match was cancelled because of rain. 38 By reason of কারণে He was absent by reason of illness. 39 By virtue of বলে / কারণে He obtained the position by virtue of his experience. 40 Due to কারণে The flight was delayed due to bad weather. 41 For fear of ভয়ে He remained silent for fear of punishment. 42 For the sake of স্বার্থে / জন্য He sacrificed everything for the sake of his family. 43 In view of বিবেচনায় In view of the circumstances, we postponed the meeting. 44 In consequence of ফলস্বরূপ In consequence of his negligence, he lost his job. 45 In favour of পক্ষে The majority voted in favour of the proposal. 46 In order to করার উদ্দেশ্যে He studies hard in order to succeed. 47 On account of কারণে The school was closed on account of heavy rain. 48 Owing to কারণে The flight was cancelled owing to fog. 49 Thanks to কল্যাণে / কারণে Thanks to your help, I completed the task. 50 With a view to উদ্দেশ্যে He works hard with a view to passing the examination. 4. Compound Prepositions of Contrast, Concession and Exception No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 51 Apart from ছাড়া / ব্যতীত Apart from John, everyone agreed. 52 As opposed to এর বিপরীতে I prefer tea as opposed to coffee. 53 Contrary to বিপরীত Contrary to expectations, he passed the examination. 54 Despite সত্ত্বেও Despite his poverty, he is honest. 55 In addition to ছাড়াও In addition to English, she knows French. 56 In spite of সত্ত্বেও In spite of the rain, they continued playing. 57 Instead of পরিবর্তে He drank tea instead of coffee. 58 Regardless of তোয়াক্কা না করে Regardless of the difficulties, he continued working. 59 Save for ছাড়া Save for a few mistakes, the essay was excellent. 60 With the exception of ব্যতিক্রম ছাড়া With the exception of Rahim, everyone attended. 5. Compound Prepositions of Manner, Means and Instrument No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 61 By means of মাধ্যমে He opened the door by means of a key. 62 By way of পথে / মাধ্যমে We travelled to London by way of Paris. 63 In accordance with অনুসারে The work was completed in accordance with the instructions. 64 In the form of আকারে The information was presented in the form of a chart. 65 In the manner of পদ্ধতিতে He spoke in the manner of an experienced teacher. 66 In terms of বিচারে / পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে The plan is successful in terms of cost. 67 In the style of শৈলীতে The building was designed in the style of ancient architecture. 68 On foot পায়ে হেঁটে He went to school on foot. 69 With the help of সাহায্যে She completed the assignment with the help of her teacher. 70 With the aid of সহায়তায় He walked with the aid of a stick. 6. Compound Prepositions of Reference and Relation No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 71 As for প্রসঙ্গে As for your proposal, I agree with it. 72 As regards সম্পর্কে As regards your application, we will contact you soon. 73 In connection with সম্পর্কিত He was questioned in connection with the case. 74 In relation to সম্পর্কিত We need more information in relation to the project. 75 In reference to প্রসঙ্গে I am writing in reference to your letter. 76 In respect of সম্পর্কে The company has made changes in respect of employee benefits. 77 In response to জবাবে He wrote a letter in response to the complaint. 78 With reference to প্রসঙ্গে With reference to your letter, we are pleased to inform you. 79 With regard to সম্পর্কে With regard to the matter, we need further discussion. 80 With respect to সম্পর্কে With respect to your request, we have reached a decision. 7. Compound Prepositions of Comparison and Proportion No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 81 In comparison with তুলনায় In comparison with last year, sales have increased. 82 In contrast to বিপরীতে In contrast to his brother, he is very quiet. 83 In proportion to অনুপাতে The salary increased in proportion to experience. 84 Compared with তুলনা করলে Compared with his father, he is taller. 85 Compared to তুলনায় She compared life to a journey. 86 In line with সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ The decision is in line with company policy. 8. Compound Prepositions of Representation, Support and Opposition No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 87 On behalf of পক্ষে / তরফ থেকে I spoke on behalf of my colleagues. 88 In favour of পক্ষে She is in favour of the new policy. 89 In opposition to বিরোধিতায় They protested in opposition to the decision. 90 In support of সমর্থনে He spoke in support of the proposal. 91 In place of পরিবর্তে Use honey in place of sugar. 92 On the part of পক্ষ থেকে There was no negligence on the part of the teacher. 9. Other Important Compound Prepositions No. Compound Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 93 In case of ক্ষেত্রে In case of fire, use the emergency exit. 94 In charge of দায়িত্বে She is in charge of the department. 95 In search of সন্ধানে They went into the forest in search of food. 96 In need of প্রয়োজন The poor are in need of assistance. 97 In possession of দখলে / অধিকারে He is in possession of valuable documents. 98 In exchange for বিনিময়ে He gave me his watch in exchange for my camera. 99 In return for বিনিময়ে She helped me in return for my support. 100 In the absence of অনুপস্থিতিতে In the absence of the principal, the vice-principal presided over the meeting. 101 In the presence of উপস্থিতিতে He signed the document in the presence of witnesses. 102 In search of খোঁজে The police went in search of the missing child. 103 In lieu of পরিবর্তে He received leave in lieu of overtime payment. 104 In excess of অতিরিক্ত The vehicle was travelling at a speed in excess of the limit. 105 In accordance with অনুযায়ী Act in accordance with the law. 106 In compliance with মেনে The company acted in compliance with the regulations. 107 By dint of জোরে / প্রচেষ্টায় By dint of hard work, he achieved success. 108 For want of অভাবে The project failed for want of funds. 109 For lack of অভাবে The match was abandoned for lack of light. 110 With a view to উদ্দেশ্যে He joined the course with a view to improving his English. PARTICIPIAL PREPOSITION Participial prepositions are words originally derived from verbs (usually ending in -ing or -ed) that function as prepositions in sentences. They are followed by nouns, pronouns, or noun phrases and express relationships such as time, reason, contrast, condition, or manner. Below is a comprehensive list of commonly used participial prepositions, with meanings and examples. 1. Common Participial Prepositions No. Participial Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 1 According to অনুসারে According to the teacher, the exam will be difficult. 2 Regarding সম্পর্কে I am writing regarding your application. 3 Concerning সম্পর্কে We discussed the issues concerning education. 4 Considering বিবেচনা করে Considering his age, he is very active. 5 Regarding সম্পর্কে He asked me regarding the matter. 6 Including অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে Everyone attended the meeting, including the manager. 7 Excluding বাদ দিয়ে The price is $100, excluding taxes. 8 Concerning সম্বন্ধে She asked several questions concerning the project. 9 Following পরে / অনুসরণ করে Following the meeting, we went home. 10 Pending অপেক্ষাধীন / নিষ্পত্তি না হওয়া পর্যন্ত Pending the investigation, he was suspended. 11 Assuming ধরে নিলে Assuming your proposal is accepted, what will you do? 12 Supposing ধরে নিলে Supposing it rains, what will happen? 13 Barring ব্যতীত / বাধা না ঘটলে Barring any unexpected problems, we will finish tomorrow. 14 Failing না হলে / ব্যর্থ হলে Failing an agreement, the matter will go to court. 15 Notwithstanding সত্ত্বেও Notwithstanding his illness, he attended the meeting. 16 Touching সম্পর্কে He made a statement touching the issue. 17 Given বিবেচনায় / ধরে নিলে Given his experience, he is suitable for the job. 18 Granted মেনে নিলেও Granted his ability, he still needs more practice. 19 Owing to কারণে The match was cancelled owing to heavy rain. 20 Due to কারণে The flight was delayed due to bad weather. 21 Based on ভিত্তি করে Based on the evidence, he was found guilty. 22 Compared with তুলনা করলে Compared with his brother, he is taller. 23 Compared to তুলনায় She compared life to a journey. 24 Depending on নির্ভর করে We may travel tomorrow, depending on the weather. 25 Failing that তা না হলে We can take a bus; failing that, we can walk. 2. More Participial Prepositions No. Preposition বাংলা অর্থ Example 26 Barring ব্যতীত Barring accidents, we should arrive on time. 27 During সময়কালে Nobody spoke during the lecture. 28 Pending চলাকালীন / নিষ্পত্তির অপেক্ষায় The application is pending approval. 29 Save ব্যতীত All were present, save John. 30 Excepting বাদে Excepting a few mistakes, the essay is excellent. 31 Past অতিক্রম করে / পরে It is past midnight. 32 Following পরবর্তী সময়ে Following his retirement, he moved abroad. 33 Notwithstanding সত্ত্বেও Notwithstanding the difficulties, they succeeded. 34 Worth মূল্যবান / যোগ্য This book is worth reading. 35 Respecting সম্পর্কে I have a question respecting your decision. 36 Approaching কাছাকাছি / আসন্ন Approaching the deadline, everyone became anxious. Note: Some words in this list have multiple grammatical functions. Their classification as prepositions depends on how they are used in a sentence.

General uses of prepositions A preposition typically comes before another word—usually a noun or pronoun. It tells us about the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other parts of the sentence. The name preposition (pre + position) means "place before" For example: The book is on the table. On is used here as preposition which shows the relationship of the table with other parts of the sentence. Following is the graphic description of some prepositions: Illustration of some Prepositions 1. To indicate time we usually use at, by, between, before. after, during, in, on, to, from, for, since, throughout, till, until He came at 7 o'clock. He will start the work after lunch. They came on Monday. Rita will return before dinner. It has been raining for a week. It has been raining since Monday. He will come by 7 o'clock. Masuda will come before 8 o' clock. I will go out during winter. He was here throughout summer. 2. To indicate position or location we usually use at, above, across, against, before, near, behind, in, inside, out, outside, on, over, under Kamrul is at home. I am in my class. He has no roof above his head. There is an umbrella over my head. There is a cap on his head. The man was standing against a wall. The thief stood before the judge. A child is walking behind his mother. He is sitting under a tree. The bank is just across the road. He stood neat the station. A beggar is standing outside the door. 3. To indicate direction we usually use on, into, on, to towards, up, down He is above me in rank. He climbed up a tree. He is going to school. He fired on the enemy. He is kind towards the poor. He walked across the road. 4. To indicate state or condition we use usually use : at, in, on, under He is in good health. That house is under repair. Boys are at play. He is at work. 5. From is used to indicate starting point of place and to is used to indicate destination He is going to market. She was going to hospital for treatment. They are coming from school. I had a phone call from my cousin. 6. To indicate- measurement/standard we use – at, by, for, to, etc. Rice sells at taka 25 a kilo. It is ten by my watch. My Mother is good at cooking. He is clever; at games. 7. To indicate Subject – matter we use - on, about. I told him about my school. I am reading a book on English grammar. He is careless about his health. Write a paragraph about/on your school. 8. To indicate– exception we use - but, except. None but Kamal can do this work. There is no man but feels pity for the poor. Everyone except me got the invitation 9. To indicate media we generally u by, in, with, without He came here by car. He speaks in English. We see with our eyes. We can't see without eyes. 10. In/at is used before a big place or time and at before a small place or time. He lives at Deana in Khulna. He went there at 7 o'clock in the evening. He is in America. They live in Chittagong. He lives at Mohakhali in Dhaka. At is used before nights noon, dusk, dawn etc. and in is used before morning, evening, afternoon etc. Mr. Samad came in the evening. She got up early inthe morning. We sleep at night. 11. In/at, to/into: In/at is used to indicate inside of something and its stability and to/intoto indicate entry or movement or to convert from. The students are in the room. They entered into the room. Water changes into vapour. Mary was in the garden. There is no milk in the pot. The ice melts into water. He ran into the room. He is in good health. The machine is now in good condition. Don't wait out side, come into the house. He is in bed. He is at the top of the class. He ran to school. He jumped into the river Gitanjali was translated into English. His love turned into hatred. Ice melts into water. You should speak clearly into the microphone 12. On, in, at : On is used before day/date, in before month/year and at before a fixed time. I shall meet you at 5 o'clock onSunday in Jaunary. They went there on Monday at 7 pm. I will go there in December. 13.After, in : Usually afteris used to indicate period of time in the past and in used to indicate period of time in the future. I returned to my native village after six months. We shall finish the work in a week. My father will come from the states in a week. My father died after two months. 14. In, within : In is used to indicate the last moment of period of time in the future and within is used to indicate the passing of period of time in the future. To indicate at the end of time we use in, and to indicate before specific time eds we use within. Mr. Ahad will come in a month (before the last moment of a month) We will finish the work within a month. (before the passing of one month) I shall return in an hour. I shall return within an hour. He will come here in an hour. (i.e. at the end of an hour) I shall go to Chittagong in a week. (at the end of a week) Chittagong He will come here within an hour. (before the hour is ended) I shall go to Chittagong within a week.(before the week ended) 15. In, by/before : In is used to indicate period of time in the future, by/before is used before a fixed time in the future. He will come in a month. I shall have finished reading the book by or before 6 pm. 16. In, on, to: In is used to indicate within the boundary andto indicate beyond the boundary and on to indicate on the boundary. The Sunderbans is to the south of the country. Dhaka is on the Buriganga. Dhaka Laboratory School is in the heart of the city. 17. Since, from, for : Since/from is used beforepoint of time and for before period of time. Since only indicates point of time in the past and fromindicate point of time in all tenses. It has been raining since morning. It has been raining for two hours. He has been here since Friday last. (point of time) I haven't seen him for a long time. (period of time) I haven't seen Kamal since September. (point of time) They have been playing in the sun for two hours. He has been ill since Monday last, I have not seen him since last week. He has been here since nine o' clock. I commenced work from Ist January. He will join school from tomorrow. 18.Between, among : Between is used to indicate between two and amongused to indicate more than two. Zimbabwe is situated between Zambia and South Africa. Divide the mangoes among the boys of class X. There is no difference amongst us. There is a village among the hills. The man divided his properties equally between his two children. Switzerland lies between France and Germany. But between is used when we indicate mutual cooperation of many people/objects. Mr Rahman divided his properties between his four sons. 19. Beside, besides: Beside is used to indicate at or by the side of and besides to indicate in addition to. He sat beside me. Besides this pen, I have no other pens. I have none to help me besides you. Besides my son, my cousin also sat beside me. Besides English, she knows many other languages. 20. By, with : By is used to indicate the doer/agent and withto indicate the instrument. The tiger was killed by the hunter witha gun. He killed two birds with one shot. He was stabbed by a lunatic with a dagger. 21.On, over : On is used to indicate the surface of the place and over to indicate above keeping space. Over can also be used to indication motion. The book is on the table. The clock is over the cupboard. The cat jumped over the box. 22.On is often used in speaking of things at rest, and upon of things in motion: He sat on a chair. The cat sprang upon the table. 23.Till/Until is used of time, and to is used of place: I slept till eight o'clock. He walked to the end of the street. . 24. For is use to indicate- aim/goal/purpose and targets He bought a pen for Mohan. He has started for Chittagong. He died for his country. He lives for others. 25. From is used to indicate- origin or source It is a poem of Nazrul. This road runs from Dhaka to Sylthet. He comes of a rich family. I borrowed a book from the library. 26. Of is used to indicate- relation and possession, parts and portion. This is the house of my friend. He is a servant of my uncle. This is the window of this house. This is the horn of my car. 27.Of/from - We use made from when the original materials or substances have been completely changed and cannot be recognized. Steer is made from iron. We make butter from milk. Plastic is made from oil. Wine is made from water and grapes. Bricks are made from clay. Use made of when the original materials or any substances have not been completely changed and we can still see them. This chair is made of wood. Pencil is made of wood. All the furniture was made of wood. 28.To indicate cause we use - from, of, for, with. My uncle died of cholera. He died from loss of blood. He is trembling with fear. He will suffer for his bad habits. . 29. On time/in time: on time means in the right time, in time means within the speculated time. The train left the station in time. Rassel is never at School on time. I want to get home in time. Will you be at home in time for dinner? 30.At the end/In the end: to indicate something has finished we use at the end and to indicate ultimate result of something we use in the end. I am going to Canada at the end of this month. In the end we sold out our old car and bought a new one. 31. For/during: 'For' is used to say how long something continues. During is used to say when something happens. My father was in hospitalduring the summer. My father was in hospital for six weeks. We watched TV for two hours last night. I spent two months in England during/in summer. We'll be on holiday during/in August. It must have rained during the night. 32. Over/above: When one thing is at a higher level than another we use either above or over. Our plane was flying above/over the clouds. They built a new room over/above the garage. There is a bridge over the river. To indicate motion we use over not above On our way to Pakistan our plane flew over India. (not, above the India) He threw the ball over the wall.(not, above the wall) We use 'over' 'not above' when one thing covers or touches another. He put on a coat over his shirt. Throw the water over the flames. The truck was coming across/over the river. 33.Before/by/within To indicate specific time we use before/by and to indicate period of time we use within We have to be at home by /before 5 o'clock. You must come back here by/before 3 - p.m. I posted the letter today, so my father would get in by the day after tomorrow. He will finish the exam within 8 days. . 34. By/with: to indicate person as medium we use by and for any object we use with. The tiger was shot by Karim with a rifle. The Tajmahal was built by Shahjahan. The snake was killed by Mr. Kamal with a stick. 35. To indicate the means of transport we usually use by. But to indicate travelling by foot or by cycle we use on . My father went to Chittagong by train/by bus/by car/by plane. Reba usually goes to School by car. To indicate the way of travelling we use by by road, by rail, by air, by sea My sister went to London by air. I go to school on foot but my brother goes to school on a bicycle. 36. Where a Preposition is not used No preposition is used before 'adverb' or 'adverbial phrase'. The boy left the hostel bag and baggage. (not- with bag and baggage) He tried heart and soul to pass the examination. (not- with heart and soul) No preposition is used before adverb of time or frequency. He goes for a walk every morning. (not- in every morning) I am going to Chittagong this morning. (not- on this morning) No preposition is used before a Noun when it is used as an adverb of place or time. My house faces west. They are going home. Please wait a minute. We ate mangoes yesterday. We don’t use preposition with Transitive verb The poet describes nature. He discussed this problem He investigated the case. Rina resembles her mother. I recommended him. He resigned his post. We reached the station in time.

250 Words Important to the SAT Reading Review these frequently found SAT vocabulary words to help you perform your best on the Words-in-Context questions and to fully understand the reading passages. Abject—Abject is often used to describe negative things and heighten the negativity. You might see loneliness, poverty, or sadness described as being abject. It describes the highest level of loneliness, poverty, or sadness a person could reach. Example sentence: Having lost his wife to the bubonic plague, the young man fell into abject sadness that did not lift until life provided him with a new companion some 25 years later. Abode—Put simply, an abode is a place where people live. It could be anything from a house, to a cave, to an apartment, to a van. If humans take shelter there, it can be called an abode. Example sentence: “Welcome to my humble abode,” said the nomad, as he lifted a flap to allow me entrance to his colorfully furnished canvas home. Abstract—When something is abstract, it isn’t concrete or tangible. It might exist as an idea only (the concept of gravity is abstract), or it might be something that you can touch but that represents ideas or feelings (like abstract art, which is art that does not depict real items). Example sentence: She soon realized that while they often had long talks about the future, they were not concrete discussions. Rather, he discussed the future abstractly, as something he couldn’t really see. Accentuate—When you accentuate, you emphasize that something is important. Example sentence: The chef likes to use seasoning that accentuates the flavors of the main dish. Acknowledge—To acknowledge someone or something is to notice it and make sure it knows that it has been noticed. If a student raises her hand during a lecture, a teacher may nod toward the student to acknowledge the student. That is, the head nod says, “I see you have your hand raised. Just a moment while I finish up my thought.” Example sentence: After training longer and harder than any of his teammates, the new tennis player was proud to receive the “most improved” award as an acknowledgement of all his hard work. Admonition—An admonition is the noun form of the word admonish. Therefore, an admonition is the scolding you might receive if you have done something wrong. Example sentence: Having been caught with her hand in the cookie jar, the little girl hung her head and waited for the admonition she was sure she would receive from her parent. Affluent—To be affluent is to be very well off financially. Example sentence: Having grown up in an affluent home, John Smith was well accustomed to all the luxuries and sophistication of upper-class life. Agitate—To agitate means to work up or disturb. The big post that is sometimes in the middle of a clothes washing machine is called an agitator because it helps work the soap into a lather. You might also agitate a human or an animal by annoying them or frustrating them until they become all worked up. Example sentence: As the baby’s cries grew louder and louder, the other theatergoers became more and more agitated until someone was finally so fed up that he asked the parents to take the baby outside. Aggrandize—If you notice the word grand in aggrandize, it may help you remember how this word is used. Generally, to aggrandize something is to make it grander; oftentimes people mentally aggrandize and think of things as grander than they really are. Example sentence: Since they lived in different states, the young couple had spent a lot of time apart. When they finally saw each other again, they realized that they had each aggrandized the other, and were disappointed in the real person in front of them. Aggregate—When discussing the aggregate (as a noun), you’re talking about the whole, not the parts. Aggregate can also be a verb in which you build up the parts to create a whole. Example sentence: I’ve been very busy at work since my superior asked that I aggregate all the available data on consumer habits and present it as a complete report to the CEO. Ambiguous—If something is ambiguous, it has more than one possible interpretation. Example sentence: The poet was intentionally ambiguous, keeping readers guessing as to her true intentions. Amicable—To be amicable with other people means to get along with them. It is a warm word often used to describe friendly, but not overly friendly, relationships with coworkers, neighbors, and other acquaintances. Example sentence: After the hubbub from the move settled down, the roommates forged an amicable relationship. While never becoming close friends, they were more than happy to bring in the other’s mail and to live in relative peace and harmony. Analogous—When two things are analogous to each other, they can be compared to one another. Often, this comparison will help clarify something about one of the things being compared. Think of the word analogy when thinking about what analogous means. Example sentence: Finding my missing phone was analogous to trying to find a needle in a haystack—it was pretty hopeless. Analogy—An analogy is a comparison between two items using like or as. Example analogy: The young boy’s jealousy grew inside him like a little green monster, waiting to escape. Anomaly—An anomaly is something strange or out of the usual pattern of things. If, for example, a very kind and sweet classmate lost their temper just one time, you might call that occurrence an anomaly. Example sentence: The scientist assured the worried townspeople that the strange lights at night were merely a meteorological anomaly and not the signals of arriving aliens. Antipathy—If you were to hate someone’s guts, you might say you felt antipathy toward them. It is a very negative feeling toward another person or thing. Example sentence: While he loved his wife very much, he felt nothing but antipathy toward his in-laws, which put a definite strain on their marriage. Apparition—Apparition sounds like the word appear. An apparition is something that suddenly appears. Oftentimes, ghosts and other supernatural phenomena will be described as being apparitions. Example sentence: The youth quaked as they heard a strange sound; they should have never broken into the abandoned house, which was full of apparitions. Arbitrary—This word can usually be replaced with the word random. Example sentence: The seating chart had previously been arbitrary, but the teacher had to be more deliberate in assigning seats during the second quarter so as to prevent cheating. Ascertain—To ascertain something is to find it out or confirm it. For example, the police may hold a person for a certain amount of time while they try to ascertain the details of the crime committed. Example sentence: The town waited with bated breath as the counters worked to ascertain the winner of the mayoral election. Aspire—If someone were to tell you to “aspire to higher things,” it might be interpreted as “dream big.” Aspiring means working toward a lofty goal. Example sentence: Though I’m only a yellow belt at the moment, I aspire to be a black belt in a few years. Autocratic—An autocrat is someone in charge who has all the power. The czars in Russia, for example, were autocrats. There was no governmental power outside of them. Autocratic, then, is the adjectival form of autocrat —it can be used to describe someone who is acting like an autocrat. Example sentence: Mrs. Nafziger is a very strict teacher and is quite autocratic in the way she runs her history classes. Beget—When you beget something, it means you take steps to bring that thing into existence. It can also refer to an action that leads to something. You might say that if you pass around a petition to bring chicken nuggets back to the cafeteria, you are trying to beget change. (Don’t mess this word up with the similar-sounding word baguette, which is a long, thin loaf of French bread.) Example sentence: Planting seeds in the spring is the only way to beget a harvest in the fall. Benevolent—To be benevolent is to be kind. Quite often, this word is used to describe elderly people who are willing to give away all they have and charities that work to better people’s lives by giving. Example sentence: When hard times hit the community, many people turned to the benevolent philanthropist who live just outside of town. It was well known that he would help everyone he could. Bestow—To bestow something is to give it to someone. This is often use when giving titles and other honors. Example sentence: After his heroic actions on the battlefield left him with grave injuries, the government bestowed upon the soldier the Purple Heart medal. Calibrate—To calibrate something is to adjust it so that it runs the way it should. This is especially applicable to machines that have readouts. If your car’s speedometer tells you that you’re going 30 miles per hour when you’re really going 55 miles per hour, then you need to have your speedometer calibrated. Example sentence: The old oven was in bad shape. When we set it to 350, it only reached 200. We called a repair person to calibrate the dial, and that fixed the problem. Calisthenics—Calisthenics are a type of exercise that rely on body weight. They include push-ups, sit-ups, jumping jacks, and other simple movements that require no equipment. Example sentence: While the elderly man was far past the point in life where he could lift heavy weights, he still stuck to the daily calisthenics routine that he had in the Army some 50 years earlier. Celestial—When something is celestial, it has to do with outer space. Example sentence: When studying astronomy, it is helpful to have a celestial map for reference. Censure—To censure someone is to give them a formal reprimand. Quite often, governments hand out censures to their members for having done something wrong, but not necessarily illegal. Example sentence: The young representative received a censure after his foolish and dangerous antics were published by a respectable newspaper. Circulation—Circulation is quite often thought of in relation to blood moving through the body, but it can refer to anything moving back and forth or around in a predictable pattern. Example sentence: The circulation of rumors can be quite detrimental to a person’s reputation. Coerce—To coerce someone is to get them to do something by threat of force. Example sentence: When asking nicely fails to work, bad people often turn to coercion to get what they want. Cognition—Cognition is the ability to understand something. When people get older and develop dementia, quite often their cognition is negatively impacted. Example sentence: Getting plenty of sleep is instrumental in increasing one’s cognition. Colloquial—The word colloquial almost always describes language. Colloquial language is everyday language. In English, for example, you probably use a lot of colloquial language with your friends, but likely speak a bit more properly to teachers and other adults. Example sentence: When my turn came to speak to the foreign dignitary, I did my best to speak formally and avoid using colloquial language. Commercial—Commercial has to do with the buying and selling of goods. For example, if you begin a commercial enterprise, you are likely setting out to go into business to buy, sell, create, or distribute goods. Example sentence: Many companies now use overnight delivery to get their commercial goods to the customers who have ordered them. Complementary—When something is complementary, it goes well with the thing around it. Example sentence: Milk and cookies are complementary foods that I greatly enjoy eating simultaneously. Complimentary—Something that is provided free of charge. Also, a compliment is a nice thing to say about someone. Example sentence: Compliments about your excellent work cost the teacher nothing—they are complimentary. Conflate—Oftentimes, we are warned not to conflate things. This means we need to keep the two things separate and not assume that they are the same idea. For example, in history class you may conflate the feminist movement and the suffragette movement. While they have some similarities, they aren’t the same thing. Example sentence: Be careful not to conflate infatuation and love. That is a surefire way to end up with a broken heart. Conjecture—To make a conjecture is to hypothesize based on limited evidence. Example sentence: The weather person put forth an unusual conjecture as to the cause of the storm. Conjure—To conjure is to bring something up. When telling a scary story, you may conjure up images that are terrifying to the listeners. Example sentence: If a small child demands candy when you have none, you might reply, “I ’m afraid I can ’t conjure up sweets out of thin air just because you want them.” Consensus—When everyone agrees, there is a consensus. Example sentence: In government, rarely is there a consensus. Rather, there are a multitude of opinions vying to be heard. Consequence—Consequences are the results of an action taken. There can be positive consequences, but more often this word is used to indicate a negative result or a punishment for negative actions. Example sentence: If you fail to show up at practice, the consequence is that you don’t get to play. Conservator—A conservator is a person whose job it is to conserve or preserve something. This word could also be used to just mean a general guardian. Example sentence: The art collection had a marvelous conservator who did all she could to ensure that the art would be enjoyed for many generations to come. Constitution—We are likely all familiar with the governmental term constitution. But this word can also apply to someone’s bodily health or how something is put together. Any of those three meanings could pop up on the SAT. Example sentences: Since the constitution of the carriage was not very sturdy, a delegate was involved in an accident on his way to the Constitutional Convention. Luckily, the delegate had a strong personal constitution, and he recovered easily in just a few days. Contingent—When something is contingent, it is relying on other factors to come to be. An outdoor field trip, for example, might be contingent on the weather. Example sentence: I am planning on traveling to the capital to watch the soccer team play for the state title. That is contingent, of course, on us winning this last playoff game. Conventional—When something is conventional, it follows the traditional rules that are set up. For example, a bride wearing white is very conventional while a bride wearing bright red would be unconventional. Example sentence: My family tends to be very conventional at Thanksgiving. We always eat a turkey with stuffing, mashed potatoes, and a few side dishes, and then we have pumpkin pie for dessert. Convey—To convey something is to get it across. You could convey a tin of cookies safely from your grandmother to your mother. If you are an effective public speaker, you can convey ideas from your mind to the minds of others. Example sentence: Try as he might, the student teacher continually failed to convey his expectations to the class. This resulted in a rather disorderly classroom experience. Convoke—Generally, the word convoke means to call a meeting. Example sentence: Convoke the leaders of the nations; we must come together or we shall surely perish. Convulsion—To convulse is a physical movement. Think of a person having a seizure—all of their muscles are convulsing. They are therefore having convulsions. Example sentence: The audience stared in amazement as the snake charmer’s snake exited the basket, its body racked with convulsions as it heard the mesmerizing music. Cultivate—To cultivate something is to bring it up or to try to make it grow or exist. Farmers cultivate crops. Your teachers try to cultivate in you a love of learning. Example sentence: Holidays like the 4th of July, Labor Day, and Memorial Day all have a side effect of cultivating a sense of patriotism in the population. Dawdle—To dawdle is to lag behind. Example sentence: “Don’t dawdle or you’ll miss the school bus,” the grandfather called, as he turned around to see what was taking his grandchild so long. Decipher—To decipher something is to figure it out. A spy might decipher a special code, for instance. Example sentence: The store clerk looked puzzled as he tried to decipher why the customer in front of him was so upset. Degrade—To degrade is to break something down slowly over time. Example sentence: While the engine was still sound, the body of the car had degraded to the point where it was no longer safe to drive. Demarcation—To demarcate is to divide areas into clear boundaries. Example sentence: The surveyor put a clear line of demarcation between the two properties. Demur—To demur is to politely say no to something or avoid it. Example sentence: When offered a second helping of food, the man politely demurred since he already felt full. Desolation—Desolation is total abandonment, emptiness, and destruction. Desolation occurs when everything of value and everything alive is destroyed. Example sentence: War seemed more imminent each day, and families quickly began fleeing the city, worried at what seemed to be the certain desolation to come. Despoil—Despoil is related to the phrase the spoils of war. The spoils of war are the things that invaders would take from the inhabitants upon victory. Pretty much anything of worth would be looted or plundered. To despoil is the act of taking away anything of value. Example sentence: The greedy criminals broke into the historic mansion to despoil it. Desultory—Something that is desultory lacks consistency or order. Example sentence: The desultory classroom discussion randomly went from one topic to another, with no clear progression of ideas. Deter—To deter someone is to stop them from doing something. Example sentence: The would-be bank robbers were deterred when they saw that security had been increased dramatically. Discretion—Someone with discretion has good judgement and avoids revealing secrets. Example sentence: The principal consistently demonstrated discretion; students and teachers knew they could share their thoughts with her without others finding out what they said. Disenfranchise—To disenfranchise is to take away someone’s right to vote, or prevent them from using it. Example sentence: For most of human history, women were disenfranchised. Disparity—A disparity is an inequality or a difference between two things. For instance, there may be a disparity between the posted rules in a classroom and the rules that are actually enforced. Example sentence: Small children are quick to point out any disparity between the dessert they receive and the dessert their brother or sister receives. Disseminate—To disseminate is to pass out or to ensure the spread of something (quite often information). Example sentence: At the end of the security meeting, the participants were asked not to disseminate the knowledge that they had acquired, since doing so could put people in harm’s way. Dissimilar—Things that are dissimilar are not the same (not similar). Example sentence: While they had grown up in the same house, at the same time, with the same parents, the twins were quite dissimilar. Diverge—When two things move apart, they diverge. (This is the opposite of when two things come together, which is when they converge.) Example sentence: Quite often, when students graduate, they diverge from their friends and move on with life. Doctrine—A doctrine is a sincerely held belief, often of the religious variety, but also political or other beliefs as well. Example sentence: Some people do not stand for the pledge as it goes against their religious doctrine—this is their right under the First Amendment. Doldrums—The word doldrums is often used to describe a time in which nothing happens. It is also used in sailing to describe an area of water that is not moving in which a sail boat would be trapped. Doldrums are never a good thing and can sometimes even be used to describe depression, boredom, and other negative mental states. Example sentence: After his breakup, he entered a period of doldrums that lasted for several weeks. Domestic—When something is described as domestic, it is related to the home. If someone hires domestic help, they are likely hiring someone to help take care of their house or something in it. It could be a gardener, maid, or cook. Example sentence: Compared to the other families of 1900, their marriage was unconventional, with her working and bringing home a paycheck while he stayed home and attended to domestic matters. Dominion—Dominion is control or authority over someone or something. Example sentence: The king frequently exercised his dominion over the serfs to extract more and more work from them in less and less time. Dubious—To be dubious is to be doubtful and uncertain. Example sentence: While my friend was eager to explore the cave, I was much more dubious about doing so. Earnest—When someone is earnest, they are showing that they are serious. They really believe what they are saying and they find it important that you understand that. Example sentence: The young man spoke earnestly as he told her of his feelings and tried to convince her to accept his proposal. Eddy—An eddy is when water or air moves swiftly in a circular motion. Example sentence: The boat, caught in a persistent eddy, appeared to be lost forever. Effectual—The word effectual means that the desired result has been achieved through that action. Example sentence: I have found that asking for help is far more effectual than simply waiting for someone to offer. Efficacy—The efficacy of something is how effective that thing is. Example sentence: The efficacy of the treatment came into question when the wound became infected instead of healing. Embellish—To embellish is to add details or flair to something—either verbally or physically. Example sentence: The seamstress told embellished tales of her youth while embellishing the wedding dress with thousands of tiny pearl beads. Emit—Emit means to give off. Example sentence: After having been sprayed by a skunk, the puppy emitted a horrid smell for several days to come. Empathize—When you empathize with someone, you feel what they’re feeling. You might empathize with a friend who had a terrible grade on a test, or with a family who needs some help getting enough food for a holiday meal. Example sentence: The storm damage to the home caused an outpouring of support from their neighbors, who empathized with the now-struggling family. Endearing—When people are endearing, they create warm feelings toward themselves. A person may have an endearing smile that makes you like them and feel kindly toward them. Example sentence: When I joined my new school, I was seated next to a small girl with pigtails. She had the most endearing personality and we were soon great friends. Endeavor—To endeavor is to try something. It can also be used as a noun, meaning “a try.” Example sentence: Once the rain stops, we will endeavor to get the garden planted. Endow—To endow is to give. Quite often, this term is used to describe massive donations given to charities upon the death of a wealthy person. It can also talk about rights given to people just because of their birth or citizenship. Example sentence: (From the Declaration of Independence) “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” Enterprise—When you set out to do something, the process of doing it is an enterprise. This word often refers to big or difficult tasks. Think about the starship Enterprise from Star Trek—it has a very difficult mission: “To explore strange new worlds. To seek out new life and new civilizations. To boldly go where no man has gone before.” Example sentence: The process of building and moving to a whole new school in just a year was quite a difficult enterprise; however, the school board was committed to it as it was seen as the best option for the students’ education. Entice—To entice someone is to convince them to do something through the promise of reward (as opposed to coerce, which is through promise of harm). A cat can be enticed to come out from under the bed with a treat. Example sentence: When the workers dragged their feet getting a project done, the manager enticed them to finish by promising an extra vacation day to whomever completed their portion first. Entrenched—To be entrenched means to be dug in, to refuse to move, especially when it comes to thoughts and ideas. Think about how armies use trenches. They dig trenches, and then they can’t easily move from the trenches without risking harm. The word entrenched comes from that idea. Example sentence: Some people believe that debates are essentially useless since both parties often begin the debate already so entrenched in their ideas that they won’t even listen to the other debater. Ephemeral—Something ephemeral is very short-lived. It is fleeting and quickly gone. Example sentence: The rainbow—one of the most beautiful natural phenomena—is quite ephemeral and generally disappears within just a few short minutes. Evince—Evince is generally a verb meaning to show one’s feelings. Example sentence: The actions of the government as it tries and fails to help time and again evince anger and frustration. Expenditure—An expenditure is a spending of money or other resources. Example sentence: Buying all new china was an extravagant expenditure, but the noble felt it was necessary since he would be entertaining a duchess. Explanatory—When something is explanatory, it explains something. Example sentence: Quite often, students skip over explanatory examples and jump straight to the work; this is generally a mistake. Extensive—When something is extensive, it is widespread or far-reaching. You might also say it is thorough. Example sentence: Due to extensive cheating, the teacher shredded the tests and instead made each student meet with her for an oral examination of their knowledge. Feeble—To be feeble is to be weak. Example sentence: The feeble elderly couple often needed their neighbors’ help with the landscaping. Fetter—To fetter is to hold someone or something back from what they want to do or accomplish. Example sentence: While I love my parents, living under their rules often leaves me feeling fettered. Finite—Finite is the opposite of infinite. When something is finite, it has a definitive beginning and ending. Example sentence: The fact that the movie was finite saddened me—I wished it could go on and on forever. Fiscal—When people describe things as fiscal (like the fiscal year), they are talking about money and the economy. Example sentence: Because of excessive spending, the business was experiencing fiscal difficulties that threatened to bankrupt it. Florid—Generally describing a person’s face, this adjective means red or flushed. Example sentence: Having run the 5K in brutal heat, the athlete rested with his florid face cradled in his hands. Former—Former refers to the one before or in the past. The former president used to be the president, for example. If I give you two options and you choose the former, then you have chosen the first one that was given. Example sentence: I was shocked when the former mayor of my town was revealed to be in the middle of a scandal, which plunged the town into a fiscal crisis. Forum—A forum is a location or a meeting where people can talk about their thoughts, ideas, and opinions. Example sentence: The teacher rearranged the desks into a circle to facilitate discussion and turn the classroom into a forum on governmental improvements. Frantic—Frantic could also be expressed as desperate. When you are frantic about something, there is urgency to do all you can as you try to solve the problem. Example sentence: The dog wandered off during the picnic, triggering a frantic search by all the family members. Frequent—Frequent simply means often. When something happens frequently, it happens all the time. Example sentence: His frequent tardiness led to a Saturday detention. Fundamental—Fundamentals are basics. The fundamentals of reading would be learning the alphabet and phonics. The fundamentals of baseball are throwing, catching, and hitting. Example sentence: After many in the class failed the math test because they weren’t allowed to use calculators, the teacher made them return to fundamentals and practice adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing by hand. Germinate—To germinate something is to take something with potential and make it start to grow. Quite often this term is used with seeds. Example sentence: Part of the preschool’s mission statement is “to germinate active and curious minds.” Glom—To glom is to attach to something (often in a blob-like manner). Example sentence: Even despite continual cleaning, the boat was still covered in barnacles, which had glommed on to the hull. Glut—A glut is a ridiculous abundance of something. It’s having so much of something you don’t even know what to do with it. Example sentence: When the flood waters receded, there was a glut of carp left behind, flopping on the streets. The townspeople ate like kings that night and celebrated the day every year after with a Carp Festival. Grievance—A grievance is a complaint. Think of it as something you would grieve over—something that makes you sad. Example sentence: After the salesperson was seen taking a picture of my credit card, I felt it necessary to lodge a grievance against him as he was probably planning on stealing my identity. Ignominious—Something that is ignominious is undignified—it will likely cause the person experiencing it to feel shame or embarrassment. Example sentence: My brother pulled the chair out from under me, causing me to sprawl on the ground in a very ignominious position. Illegible—When something is illegible, it is unable to be read or understood. Example sentence: With the prevalence of typing these days, many people have illegible handwriting due to lack of practice. Immured—When someone is immured, they are held against their will in some way, often enclosed. Example sentence: The young man felt trapped in the relationship, immured by his desire not to hurt her feelings. Impel—To impel is to push or force someone to do something in some way. Example sentence: Impelled by the fear of loneliness, many people resort to blind dates to try to find a companion. Impugn—When someone impugns something, they challenge it as being wrong. Example sentence: When my friend’s excellent character was demonstrated, others could no longer impugn his motives. Incomprehensible—Something that is incomprehensible is unable to be comprehended or understood. Example sentence: The student’s illegible handwriting and incomprehensible train of thought resulted in a very low grade on the essay. Inconspicuous—This is the opposite of “conspicuous”; it means that something cannot easily be seen. Example sentence: The green camouflage made the soldier inconspicuous; he seemed to blend into the forest. Incontestable—Incontestable means unable to be contested. In other words, you can’t dispute it or go against it. Example sentence: The results of the election were incontestable; the candidate won by a landslide. Incorporate—To incorporate is to fully include something. For example, you might incorporate an explanation of climate change into a paper on Antarctica. Example sentence: The leader was harshly criticized when the press found out that he had failed to incorporate any women into the task force on family and children’s rights. Incredulous—When you’re incredulous of something, you don’t really believe it, or you have doubts about it. Example sentence: The child looked at her friend incredulously when she tried to convince her that the monster was, in fact, not real. Indifference—Indifference is that feeling of not feeling strongly about something one way or the other. You might feel indifference toward which teacher you get, or what you have for lunch, or any number of things. Example sentence: Indifference is a dangerous emotion as it can lead to people drifting through life and never taking any risks or making any big decisions. Indistinguishable—When two things are indistinguishable, they can’t be told apart from one another: There are no distinguishing features. Example sentence: Even though their mother could tell them apart, to everyone else the twins were indistinguishable. Induce—If you induce something, you cause it to happen. Example sentence: Vigorous exercise typically induces sweating. Inefficacious—This just means not having the desired effect. Example sentence: Studying can be inefficacious if you don’t make sure to get rid of all distractions before beginning. Inexorable—Inexorable is kind of like inevitable. It can’t be avoided or stopped—it will occur no matter what. Example sentence: The clock had been ticking constantly for the entire winter, counting out the inexorable passage of time. Innocuous—If something is innocuous, it is harmless. Example sentence: The medicinal placebo was totally innocuous—the patient did not need to be concerned about any side effects. Innumerable—When something is innumerable, it is unable to be counted. You’ll notice num hidden away—this is also the root of the word number. Example sentence: The grains of sand on the beach are truly innumerable. Institution—An institution is an organization that has been created to fulfill a purpose (generally for the greater good). For example, governments, churches, and schools can all be examples of institutions. Generally, institutions are thought of as permanent or nearly impossible to get rid of. Example sentence: Between churches, schools, and my mom’s job as our small-town mayor, I often feel like I grew up in institutions. Insurrection—An insurrection is a revolt or an uprising. Example sentence: Though Catherine the Great is revered by Russians, the peasant insurrection during her time as ruler put a damper on her legacy. Integrate—To integrate two or more things is to mix them together. Example sentence: I don’t remember the exact date, but at some point in seventh grade, the girls’ lunch tables and the boys’ lunch tables started to integrate and nothing was ever the same again. Intercede—If you intercede in a situation, you intervene typically in a helpful way. Example sentence: The peer mediator interceded between the two teenagers who were having a conflict. Intermittent—Intermittent just means off and on at a set interval. Example sentence: The stoplight let cars proceed intermittently. Intuitive—When something is intuitive, it is easy to use and figure out without directions. You can go based on your gut feeling and probably get it right. Example sentence: While some people struggle to memorize math facts, other people find numbers to be intuitive and breeze through their classes. Inherent—When something is inherent, it wasn’t learned or created; it is naturally occurring. For example, some animals have an inherent fear of predators. You may have an inherent love of the color green or hatred of the smell of tomatoes. Example sentence: As hard as they tried, my neighbors could not train their dog out of his inherent desire to dig holes. Insolent—You might well get in trouble for acting insolent at school. Such behavior shows a general bad attitude, lack of respect, and overall grumpiness. Example sentence: “Wouldn’t you like to know,” came the insolent reply from the teen when her father asked her why she had returned so late the night before. Intolerable—When something is intolerable, you simply can’t put up with (or tolerate) it. Example sentence: “Your behavior is intolerable,” her father responded before he grounded her. Invasive—Think of the word invade. When something is invasive, it invades something or goes somewhere it isn’t wanted. Example sentence: Family get-togethers are always difficult since my great aunt likes to gossip; she goes around asking everyone highly invasive questions. Inversion—To invert something is to turn it upside down. An inversion is the noun form of that word and means the act of turning upside down. Example sentence: The scariest roller coaster in the park had the fastest speeds, the highest hills, and the most inversions. Labyrinth—Quite simply, a labyrinth is a maze. Example sentence: Moving from a small family firm to a giant corporation was a big change, and I often found myself lost in the labyrinth of cubicles. Laden—To be laden is to be weighed down with something physically. A shopping cart might be laden with groceries, for instance. Example sentence: The mailman dreaded the holiday season when his bag became quite cumbersome to carry, laden as it was with packages full of presents. Latter—Latter is the opposite of former. Former is the first thing mentioned, latter is the second or last. Example sentence: I was given the option of either getting out of bed for school or getting grounded, and I foolishly choose the latter, which left me trapped at home over homecoming weekend. Liaison—This is often used to mean a close connection or relationship. It can also mean a person who facilitates understanding between parties. Example sentence: In the office, it was often my job to be a liaison between various parties. Magnitude—The magnitude of something is how big it is. Example sentence: My coworker seemed to have her head buried in the sand and didn’t realize the magnitude of losing our biggest client. Malice—Malice (mal at the beginning of the word means bad) is generally used to describe the feeling of one person wishing to do something harmful to another person. Example sentence: It was a long-standing rivalry, and the malice off the field led to overly aggressive behavior on the field, which resulted in the game being ended at halftime. Malign—To malign someone is to say terrible things about them. Example sentence: After he got a bad grade, he proceeded to malign the teacher to anyone who would listen. Manifest—This can mean a variety of things. As a noun, it is a complete list. As a verb, it means to make appear or to make clear. As an adjective, it means obvious or clear. Example sentence: The passenger manifest manifested to the detective the fact that the sought-after party was not on board the ship. Manipulate—To manipulate something or someone is to change them to your liking. You might manipulate your parent’s opinion on where to eat by casually mentioning pizza several times during the day. You might also manipulate clay into the shape of a vase. Example sentence: While many people believe that data don’t lie, in reality, data can be heavily manipulated to show just about whatever results are desired. Mantra—A mantra is something that people repeat over and over to themselves in the hopes that it becomes true or as a means toward achieving a goal. Example sentence: In the early days of January, people who appear to be just going about life are silently repeating their mantras in the hopes of fulfilling their New Years’ resolutions. Marginalize—This word refers to the action of making something less, often when it shouldn’t be. A person’s feelings may be marginalized or brushed away as not important. Example sentence: The young girl always felt marginalized when her successful older siblings were around. Meander—To meander is to wander in a non-straight line and with little or no haste or purpose. Example sentence: If I get bored this afternoon, I may meander over to the park to see if anything is going on. Meddle—To meddle is to tamper with something, often human situations or emotions. Example sentence: When my two best friends broke up, I tried to help them fix their relationship, but I only ended up making it worse. As my mom often says, “Meddling does no one any good.” Metastasize—When something metastasizes, it is spreading. Example sentence: Luckily, the disease had been found before it metastasized, and so it appeared as if recovery were very likely. Mire—To mire is to stick something down. When someone or something is mired, it can’t be freed, but is stuck in a sticky situation either figuratively or literally. Example sentence: I always cry during my favorite childhood book when the horse becomes mired in a bog and must be abandoned so that the quest can be completed. Misanthropic—If you meet a misanthrope, try to steer clear. They do not like humanity and think the worst of people. Example sentence: My neighbor is quite misanthropic; when I brought him a cake to welcome him to the neighborhood, he accused me of trying to poison him. Mitigate—To mitigate is to make something less severe. Example sentence: My umbrella mitigated the effects of the pouring rain. Monotony—Monotony is the same thing over and over again. Example sentence: As the semester progressed, I felt trapped in a scholastic monotony with nothing ever changing, each day exactly the same as the last. Motivation—Motivation is what drives you. It’s the feeling inside that makes you start that project, run that extra mile, or take the extra shift. Example sentence: Since motivation was low, the teacher promised extra credit to the first student who turned in an “A”-worthy project. Mundane—Something that is mundane is boring and normal. It’s a regular everyday occurrence. Example sentence: Until the fire alarms went off, it had just been a mundane Monday morning. Mutable—Think about the math term permutation. A permutation has to do with all the different ways a set of numbers can be changed and rearranged into different orders. That root word mut generally has to do with change. Mutable describes something that is easy to or likely to change. Other words you might know with this root include mutate and commute. Example sentence: The speaker was worried he would be unable to change the audience’s minds, but it turned out they were much more mutable than he had anticipated. Mystify—To mystify just means to confuse. Think about the word mystery with the same root. A mystery is confusing—mystifying someone confuses them. Example sentence: The scientists were mystified at first as to the meaning of the data that they had collected. Nebulous—Like a nebula found in outer space, something that is nebulous lacks a definite form or limits. Example sentence: We had only a nebulous concept of what we wanted to do for a vacation; we knew we wanted to have fun, but we were not sure where to go. Net—In describing pay, net pay is what is left after all taxes and fees are removed. In scientific terms, it could be what is left after all other considerations are removed. For example, when you weigh something and you remove the weight of the container, you are left with the net weight of what is in the container. Example sentence: The charity race raised a net total of $3,500 after the administrative expenses and permit fees were paid out. Nominal—To be nominal is to exist in name only; it doesn’t represent things as they actually are. Example sentence: While he was the nominal boss of the company, the silent partners actually ran things. Notional—Something notional only exists as an idea, not in reality. Example sentence: The dictator ordered the notional tank regiments to attack; however, he did not understand that the regiments had already been destroyed. Nuance—A nuance is a subtle difference in the meaning or expression of something. Example sentence: While the applicants responded to the question in a similar way, the nuances in their reactions helped the manager make a decision as to who would be a better fit for the job. Null—Null means nothing; it’s just another way of saying zero. Example sentence: When the parties pass away, the contract becomes null and void. Obliterate—To obliterate something is to completely and utterly destroy it beyond recognition. Example sentence: The meteor obliterated the forest into which it crashed, scattering debris all over the countryside. Obstinate—Obstinate is just the same as stubborn. It means refusing to give up even when wrong or faced with insurmountable forces against you. Example sentence: Despite pleading, cajoling, and coercing, the young child obstinately refused to get in the bathtub. Onerous—When something is onerous it is difficult to do, usually taking a lot of unpleasant work to complete. Example sentence: As a veterinarian, I often have the onerous task of discussing expensive bills with clients. Orthodox—To be orthodox is to stick to traditions and customs. Example sentence: While my history teacher is quite orthodox, sticking to time-tested lesson plans, my art teacher is far more experimental in his approach. Oscillate—To oscillate is to move back and forth in a predictable pattern at a set speed. The pendulum in a grandfather clock is a classic example of oscillation. Example sentence: The oscillation of the carnival ride made me sick to my stomach. Panacea—A panacea is a fix-all solution. Example sentence: While most people view love as a panacea, I know from experience that it can’t solve all problems. Paradox—A paradox is something that contradicts itself or sets up an impossible train of thought that never ends but always circles back on itself. Example sentence: One of the most well-known paradoxes is the statement, “This statement is false.” Parasitic—Something that is parasitic attaches to something else and feeds off of it without giving anything back. This might be used to describe an actual parasite (like a tapeworm) or a person like the friend who always borrows money, but never returns it. Example sentence: When one person would get wise to her parasitic ways, she would merely find someone else to leach the homework off of for the next few weeks. Parity—Parity is equalness or being equal. It is the opposite of disparity, which is inequality. Example sentence: Despite the parent’s best efforts at parity, one of the children always felt that they had received less attention. Partake—To partake is the same as to participate. It is often used with food (to partake in a meal is to eat it) but can also be used with any given activity. Example sentence: Even though I always insist I’m not hungry, my grandmother won’t let me leave her home without partaking in at least one meal or snack with her and my grandfather. Paternal—To be paternal is to act in a fatherly way. Paternal can also be used to describe things relating to fathers. Example sentence: Even though I barely knew him, the old man acted in quite a paternal way to me and insisted on seeing me home safely when I became lost. Permeate—To permeate is to soak through something, invading and saturating every part of it and leaving nothing untouched. Water permeates things in a flood, and smells permeate rooms and homes. Example sentence: The smell of burned food permeated the kitchen as the family rushed to save their dinner. Permutation—Remember the word mutable from above? Permutation has that same mut syllable indicating it’s about change. Permutation has to do with all the different ways a set of items can be arranged in different orders. In how many ways can the order be changed? Example sentence: In math class, the teacher explained permutations to us by making ten students line up in as many different ways as possible; the possibilities seemed endless. Perpetual—Something that is perpetual is never-ending. Example sentence: Life in the Arctic Circle is very difficult in the winter when whole communities are plunged into perpetual darkness for months on end. Perspective—Your perspective is how you see things both literally (different seats in a theater have different perspectives of the stage) and figuratively (you and your parent may have different perspectives on your staying up until 3 A.M.). Example sentence: Since he was the only young person in the office, he was often called into meetings to give a different perspective on various issues. Perturb—To perturb is to disturb, but in an emotional way. A scary book or a strange person may perturb. Example sentence: The teacher was quite perturbed by the actions of the small child, which were very out of character for a four-year-old. Pervading—Pervading and pervade are often used as synonyms for permeate. Something (especially a smell) can be pervading when it permeates an area where it is not welcome. Example sentence: The pervading smell was quite offensive to the students, who quickly jumped to open the windows. Phenomena—Phenomena is the plural of the word phenomenon. A phenomenon is something that is known to exist or occur, the cause of which is often not clear. Planes going down in the Bermuda triangle is a well-known phenomenon. Example sentence: A great crowd gathered to watch the strange phenomenon. Pittance—A pittance is a pitiably small amount: not really enough to do anything with. Example sentence: With her children and husband all gone, the widow somehow managed to live off the pittance given to her by neighborhood charities. Plasticity—The plasticity of something is its ability to change and be molded. Example sentence: The best time to learn a foreign language is when you’re young; that’s when you still have the most brain plasticity. Plenipotentiary—A plenipotentiary is a person who has been given the authority to act on behalf of their country in foreign countries. Diplomats often act in this role, though true plenipotentiary power is rare. Example sentence: During negotiations with France, Benjamin Franklin acted as a plenipotentiary for the United States. Posterity—Posterity is the future of humankind: all of the people who will come in the future. Example sentence: The collection of American historical artifacts at the museum is being carefully preserved for posterity. Postulate—To postulate is to guess or to present an idea that is not proven. A TV personality may postulate that a certain person will be elected. Example sentence: “Maybe there is a traffic jam,” she postulated as she waited for her date who was very late. Potent—Potent means very strong. Not physically, but of a high concentration. A smell or taste, for example, may be very potent. Example sentence: As the potent fumes wafted through the laboratory, the alarms sounded to warn all the scientists to evacuate quickly. Prattle—To prattle is to talk on and on while saying little of value. Example sentence: Faced with an abundance of awkward silences, the young lady prattled endlessly to avoid the quiet. Preclude—To preclude something is to make it not possible for it to happen. Example sentence: The gymnast’s poor score on the first event precluded his moving on to the next round of the competition. Predecessor—The predecessor to something or someone is what came before. This word is often used to describe a person who held an office or job prior to the current office or job holder. Example sentence: “My predecessor may have allowed talking in class, but I do not,” the new teacher informed her students. Preposterous—Something that is preposterous is so ridiculous as to be laughable. Example sentence: The elderly man laughed and said “don’t be preposterous,” when his grandson suggested that he try the mechanical bull at the fair. Pristine—Something that is pristine is untouched and perfect. It is completely unmarred in any way. Example sentence: One of my favorite sights is a field of pristine snow, untrampled by any animals or humans. Proliferate—To proliferate is to grow, spread, and reproduce, often at a high rate of speed. Rumors tend to proliferate within schools, as do germs. Example sentence: The weeds proliferated throughout the summer, and he quickly realized that having a pristine garden was impossible. Promulgate—To promulgate an idea is to spread it around. There are a lot of programs, for example, that promulgate anti-bullying messages to students. Example sentence: The man was asked to leave the gathering when he was heard to be promulgating his latest get-rich-quick scheme. Province—A province is a geographical area under a government. Many countries have a province system instead of having states. Example sentence: As a Canadian, I often simply respond with my province when Americans ask what state I’m from. Proxy—A proxy is a substitute. A person standing in for another person can generally be called a proxy. In some situations, formal events like voting, getting married, and signing contracts can be done by proxy. Example sentence: Since the CEO was incredibly busy that day, he had his assistant attend the board meeting to vote as his proxy. Psychological—Things that are psychological have to do with the inner workings of our minds, which affect our feelings, emotions, and actions. Example sentence: The doctor, having run out of tests to perform, came to the conclusion that the symptoms must have psychological causes. Quarrel—To quarrel is to argue with someone. A quarrel is an argument. Example sentence: The young nanny was constantly begging the children not to quarrel. Rapacious—Someone who is rapacious is unable to be satisfied. They are very greedy and always looking to gain more of what they want. Example sentence: The rapacious vultures searched for food all over the meadow. Recalcitrant—A recalcitrant person is rebellious and uncooperative. Example sentence: The teacher kept issuing detentions to the recalcitrant student, hoping they would finally start acting better in class. Receptive—A person who is receptive is open to receiving things, quite often ideas. Example sentence: While the student was nervous about asking to take the test again, the teacher was quite receptive to the idea. Reciprocate—Those who reciprocate give back in return. Example sentence: When my friend took me out for dinner, I decided to reciprocate his gesture by buying us dinner the next time we met. Rectify—When one rectifies something, they make it right. Example sentence: An amendment can be used to rectify an error in the Constitution. Redress—Don’t get tricked into thinking this word means to get dressed again. Instead, it means to fix or make a situation right where someone has been wronged. Example sentence: The man who had been wrongfully imprisoned sought redress for his grievances. Reluctant—To be reluctant is to act on the feeling of not wanting to do something. If you end up doing the thing, you do it in a manner that shows that you don’t want to be doing it. Example sentence: The teacher was reluctant to give up his Saturday to grade papers, but the students had already waited a week, so he sat down with his red pen and got started. Remonstrate—To remonstrate is to object to something strongly or to speak out against something strongly. Example sentence: The principal remonstrated the student’s misbehavior. Repression—Repression is the act of holding something down or back, especially ideas and movements. Example sentence: The governmental repression of revolutionary societies became stronger each week. Reverence—Reverence means showing great respect or a deep appreciation for something. Example sentence: When entering the throne room, it is always necessary to show reverence for the king by bowing before him and kissing his ring. Rhetoric—Rhetoric is the way in which people speak and argue to convey their points. Different people may have different styles of rhetoric: They may ask questions, they may use persuasive language, they may yell, they may trick. All of those are types of rhetoric. Example sentence: The country quickly got tired of the candidates’ loud rhetorical blustering. Sanction—Sanction is a very interesting word as it has seemingly opposite meanings. Make sure you pay very close attention to the context. Sometimes sanction refers to officially approving or allowing something to happen. The school might sanction a dance, meaning it’s officially approved by the administration. However, sanctions can also be negative—a penalty for something done that is bad. Usually the context of negative sanctions is legal; when the word is used in this manner, it often refers to one country placing sanctions on another country for things like human rights violations. Example sentence: “Just know that I do not sanction this event,” said the major when the town council voted to have the festival against her wishes. Sanguine—A sanguine person will have a positive and optimistic disposition. Example sentence: The investor cheered the company’s latest results; she felt very sanguine about the company’s future performance. Scenario—A scenario is the setup for a work of fiction, a book, movie, or play. It can also be any imagined situation that people put themselves in, such as discussing what could happen in the future or things that should have happened in the past. Example sentence: My English teacher proposed an interesting scenario— what books would you take with you if you were stuck on a deserted island? Scuttling—Scuttling is a very specific type of movement. It’s moving very quickly with tiny (often not smooth) steps. Think about how crabs may run along a beach—they’re almost always scuttling. Example sentence: The pickpocket checked over his shoulder one more time before scuttling down an alley with his ill-gotten gains. Seamless—Think of a shirt without seams—it’s completely smooth and has no breaks in the fabric. When something is seamless, it is very smooth. This word is often used as a synonym for flawless. Example sentence: The director was thrilled when the whole production came together seamlessly. Sentiment—A sentiment is how you feel or what you say about something that has occurred. Example sentence: While he expressed nice sentiments about being sorry, she couldn’t bring herself to forgive his mistakes. Sentinel—A sentinel is a soldier whose job it is to keep watch over something. Example sentence: The sentinel rushed to the general with news of invaders. Shingled—Something described as shingled would have the same layered look as the shingles on a roof. Example sentence: As odd as it looked, shingled hair was quite popular in the early 2000s. Skeptic—A skeptic is someone who is skeptical, or doubtful, of something. Example sentence: Jack continued to power forward with his extravagant plans, despite the loud voices of his skeptics. Squalid—When described as squalid, things are run down, dirty, and often infested with vermin. This is often the result of war or poverty. Example sentence: Despite her best efforts at fixing and cleaning, the apartment remained at best squalid and at worst unlivable. Squelch—Squelch is an onomatopoeia; the word means the sound it makes. Squelch is the sound that might be made if you tried to pull your foot out of thick mud or if you stepped on a slug. Example sentence: With soaking wet socks and shoes, every step squelched. Stagnate—To stagnate is to stop moving forward. This is generally not physical movement. Example sentence: The project had stagnated, which caused great concern with the management team. Stewardship—A steward is someone who takes care of something. Stewardship, then, is the noun form of the act of taking care of something. Example sentence: As the result of careful stewardship, the manor survived the 50 years of being boarded up with only a bit of dust to tell of the long emptiness. Stupefied—To be stupefied is to be made temporarily stupid. This generally happens if something really sudden or unexpected occurs. Example sentence: After witnessing the last-minute heartbreaking loss, many fans left the stadium with stupefied looks on their faces. Subjugate—To subjugate a person or group of people is to put them under your total control. This is especially applicable in war-time situations when entire populations are conquered and subjugated. Example sentence: The hero rode gallantly into town, determined to free the subjugated people. Subordinate—Someone who is subordinate is lower in status, usually in a workplace. A worker is subordinate to the boss. Example sentence: The hallmark of a good manager is when they treat their subordinates with care, kindness, and fairness. Subsequent—Something that is subsequent comes after something else. For example, my birthday is subsequent to that of my older sibling. Example sentence: After getting a D on the midterm, he resolved to study harder for any subsequent tests. Substantial—When something is substantial, it is not insignificant, but almost the opposite. It is of an important size or amount. Example sentence: The restaurant lost a substantial amount of money when it changed management. Sullen—To be sullen is to be grumpy and unenthusiastic. It is a type of bad mood wherein you do things only under protest. You might think of it as being related to sulking. Example sentence: The sullen young man was often reprimanded by his mother for his bad attitude. Superfluous—If something is superfluous, it is unnecessary, giving more than is required. Example sentence: Completing extra credit assignments is likely superfluous if a student already has a 100%. Supplemental—Something that is supplemental adds something unnecessary, but helpful, to something else. There may be supplemental information at the end of a chapter. A family may pay for a vacation with supplemental income from a part-time job. Example sentence: The supplemental assistance from neighbors helped the family through tough times. Sustenance—Sustenance is what sustains a person. Generally, this is used as a fancy word for food. Example sentence: After having been shipwrecked for months, the sailors craved sustenance other than dried fish and leaves. Synthetic—Something that is synthetic is made artificially, not naturally. Example sentence: Clothing made from synthetic material may last longer, but it also tends to breathe less, causing sweat, smells, and acne. Tactile—Something that is tactile has to do with the sense of touch. A tactile sensation, for example, is a sensation of being touched in some way. Example sentence: When I was young, I had a tactile disorder whereby the feeling of grass and other things against my skin caused me great distress. Tangible—Something that is tangible can be seen and touched (as compared to the opposite intangible). Example sentence: The tangible benefit of saving for retirement is obviously the money; the intangible benefit is peace of mind. Tedious—Something that is tedious is repetitive and boring. It takes a long time and doesn’t engage the mind. Example sentence: The tedious task of hand stitching clothing is thankfully no longer necessary due to the advent of the sewing machine. Tenuous—To be tenuous is to be weak or flimsy. This could apply to both physical or nonphysical things. Example sentence: My understanding of the material was tenuous—I had not studied the book much at all. Tout—To tout is to aggressively try to sell something, to sing its praises to get someone to buy it. Example sentence: I left quickly when I discovered the so-called party was just an excuse for the hostess to tout her overpriced essential oils. Traipsing—When one is traipsing, they are coming and going or moving in a carefree manner. Example sentence: He finally had to put a stop to the children traipsing in and out of the house with their shoes covered in mud. Transaction—When something is a transaction, it has something to do with the purchase or exchange of goods or services. Example sentence: The person she thought was her friend was really just interested in a transactional relationship. Tributary—A tributary is a stream or river upstream that feeds into a bigger river. Example sentence: The Ohio River, while large, is just a tributary of the mighty Mississippi River. Ubiquitous—When something is ubiquitous, it is found everywhere. It is common. Example sentence: The flags were ubiquitous in the highly patriotic town. Unassuming—When something or someone is unassuming, they are unthreatening and down to earth. Example sentence: Everyone liked the high school principal. His unassuming nature made him easy to work with. Unrequited—When feelings are unrequited, they are not returned in kind. This word is often used to describe one-sided love. Example sentence: Driven mad by unrequited love, the story’s heroine wandered the moors for the rest of her life and haunted her beloved after her death. Unseemly—Something that is unseemly might otherwise be described as inappropriate for the situation. Example sentence: While appropriate for milking cows, overalls are an unseemly choice for a fine French restaurant. Unstinting—Something that is unstinting is given without pause or second thought. Example sentence: My favorite teacher gave me unstinting support in my quest for academic excellence. Unveil—To unveil is to reveal. Think of a bride walking down the aisle wearing her veil and then removing her veil to reveal her face to the groom. Example sentence: The excitement was noticeable as the crowd waited for the mayor to unveil the new city monument. Usurp—To usurp is to overthrow. This word is often used to discuss overthrowing governments and other authorities. Example sentence: It is the duty of several agencies to find and arrest anyone who intends to usurp the government. Validate—To validate something is to say that it is valid, true, or accurate. Quite often, businesses will validate parking. That is, they’ll stamp the parking ticket to indicate that the person who parked had a true reason to be there. Example sentence: Though the woman claimed that she owned the house, her words needed to be validated by calling the local public records office. Vantage—Vantage is a spot with a good view to see what needs to be seen. Example sentence: From their vantage point on the second story, they could see the whole parade while staying nice and warm. Verifiable—Something that is verifiable is able to be verified, or proven correct. Facts are generally verifiable while opinions are not. Example sentence: His alibi was not verifiable and so he was left on the list of suspects. Veritable—This word is used to emphasize that something is in fact real. Example sentence: There was a veritable surge in interest in the musician’s album when she announced her upcoming concert tour. Vernacular—The vernacular is the common or slang terms that people in a given community use. Example sentence: While parents might think it’s rude or confusing, most students have vernacular terms that they and their friends use frequently. Versatile—Something that is versatile can be used in many different ways. Example sentence: Anytime you go camping you should take a good length of cording. It’s a versatile tool that can help in many dangerous situations. Vestigial—Something that is vestigial is a small left-behind part of something much bigger. Example sentence: The one standing hut was the vestigial remains of a once-mighty empire. Vindicate—When someone is vindicated, they are cleared of blame or suspicion or shown to be correct. Example sentence: The treasure hunter was vindicated when he found the treasure chest exactly where he predicted it would be. Virtuous—Something that is virtuous has virtue, or a high sense of morality. Example sentence: The virtuous young people refused to take part in the cheating ring that was quickly growing at their school. Mayside—The wayside is exactly what it sounds like, the side of the road. This term is also often used in a figurative sense. Example sentence: It is often a sad fact of life that when someone begins dating, their friends are pushed to the wayside. Yearning—Yearning is to want something with all your heart, to crave it at the expense of all else. Example sentence: Although the young man liked his hometown, he felt a sense of yearning for international travel.

Most Important Appropriate Prepositions with Meaning A 1. Abhorrence of (dislike)- Everyone should have an abhorrence of bribery. 2. Abhorrent to (disliking)- Wine is abhorrent to me.. 3. Abide by (obey): Students should abide by the rules of the college. 4. Abide by (to follow) - Students should abide by their teachers' advice. 5. Abide in (live in): His uncle abides in London 6. Abide with (stay with)- He abides with his uncle. 7. Abound in (exist plentifully): The Royal Bengal tigers abound in the Sunderbans. 8. Abound with (full of): Our rivers abound with fishes. 9. Abreast with (keep pace with) - Try to abreast with the advanced world. 10. Absence from (away from a place)-His absence from the function shocked me much. 11. Absent from. (not present): lie was absent from school. 12. Absorbed in (immersed) : He is absorbed in thought. 13. Abstain from (refrain): We should abstain from smoking. 14. Abstain from (remain away) - Everyone should abstain from smoking. 15. Accede to (agree) - I am unable to accede to what you have decided. 16. Acceptable to (appreciable) - My offer is acceptable to him. 17. Access to (entrance): We have access to the office of commissioner. 18. Access to (right of approaching) - Ordinary people don't have an access to the minister. 19. Acclimatize to (habituated in) - We are trying to acclimatize to the new atmosphere. 20. Accompanied by (to be with) - He came here accompanied by his friend 21. Accomplished in (having a lots of skill)-The boy is accomplished in painting. 22. Accord to (to give) - The public accorded a red carpet reception to their leader. 23. According to (in harmony with): He worked according to my advice. 24. Accountable for (responsible for something): You should account for your disobedience. 25. Accountable to (responsible to a person) - He is not accountable to anyone. 26. Accused of (to be blamed) - The man was accused of theft. 27. Accustomed to (habituated to) - I am not accustomed to this fashion. 28. Acquainted with (familiarly with)- I am acquainted with him. 29. Acquit (one) of - (set free) - The prisoner was acquitted of the charge. 30. Adapted for (suitable to) - This book has been adapted for the children. 31. Addicted to (habituated to evil things): Don't be addicted to smoking. 32. Adept in (skilled) - She is adept in dancing. 33. Adequate to (sufficient) - The loan given by the bank is not adequate for the project. 34. Adequate to (sufficient): Water supply is not adequate to our needs. 35. Adjacent to (near): My office is adjacent to my residence. 36. Adjourned to, for (postpone) - The seminar was adjourned to the next week. (or, for a month) 37. Admit to (take in / enroll): He was admitted to Motijeel Govt. Boys' High school. 38. Advantage of (to take chance) - He took the advantage of my weakness. 39. Adverse to (against) - The consequence is adverse to our plan. 40. Affection for (love for)- She has a great affection for me. 41. Affectionate to (fond of): Teachers are affectionate to students. 42. Afflicted with (tortured) - He is afflicted with the horrible memory of his father's death. 43. Afraid of (frightened): Everybody is afraid of snakes. 44. Agree to (consent): He did not agree to this proposal. 45. Agree with, on (consent): I agree with you on this point. 46. Agreeable to (acceptable to)-The climate of the place is agreeable to me. 47. Ahead of (earlier) - He reached the destination ahead of time. 48. Aim at (target): He aimed at the bird. 49. Akin to (similar) - Illiteracy is akin to darkness. 50. Alarmed at (afraid), for - We are alarmed at terrorism. He is alarmed for his safety. 51. Alien to (strange) -Flattery is alien to my nature. 52. Alienate (separate) from - He is alienated from his relatives. 53. Alight from (get down) - The president has alighted from the aeroplane. 54. Alight on (land) - The plane has alighted on the run way. 55. Alive to (aware of)- We must be alive to the dangers ahead. 56. Allegiance to (loyalty) - We must show allegiance to the court. 57. Alliance or allied with (friendship) - We have alliance with our neighbouring countries. 58. Allocate to (distribute) - The charity was allocated to the mosque for its construction. 59. Allot to (assigned) - A seat in the hostel was allotted to Sohel. 60. Allude to (refer) - He alluded to the French Revolution to interpret his point. 61. Aloof from (detached) - Hasan remains aloof from me.. 62. Alternate with (opposite) - Illiteracy alternates with literacy. 63. Amazed at (surprised) - I am amazed at his behaviour. 64. Amazed at (very surprised) - Everybody was amazed at the conduct of the student leader. 65. Ambition for (desire) - Mohshin had no ambition for wealth. 66. Ambition for (strong desire): Almost everybody has ambition for Dame. 67. Ambitious of (determined to be successful) - The leader was not ambitious of power. 68. Amenable to (yield to) - He is not amenable to any reason. 69. Amused at (delighted) - Everybody was amused at/with this cartoon 70. Angry at (furious) - He is not angry at my behaviour. 71. Angry with (furious) - The teacher was very angry with the students. 72. Annex to (add) - He forgets to annex his letter to the application form. 73. Annoyed at (vexed) - They were annoyed at his rough behaviour. 74. Annoyed with (vexed at) -Th I am annoyed with him for smoking. 75. Answer for (to hold accountable for ) Everybody will have to answer for his misdeeds 76. Answer to (reply) - Answer to my question. 77. Antecedent to, of (precedent) - Students should have the idea of antecedents to the relative pronoun. 78. Antidote to (tonic) - is an antidote to headache. 79. Antipathy to, against (strong dislike) - He has an antipathy to opium. 80. Anxious about (worried): Father is anxious about my result. 81. Apart from (far) :. They live apart from each other. 82. Apologize to/for (seeking forgiveness) The student apologized to the principal for adopting unfair means in the examination. 83. Appeal for ( seek help) The flood affected people appealed to the President for help. 84. Appear before (present publicly): The man appeared before the court. 85. Appear in (set for an exam): We shall appear in the S. S. C Exam. 86. Appear to (seem): It appears to me that he is innocent. 87. Appetite for (hunger): Physical exercise increases appetite for food. 88. Apply to, for (ask for): I applied to the Headmaster for leave. 89. Appoint to (to employ someone) : An able man has been appointed to the post of headmaster. 90. Apprise of (be informed of)-I would like to apprise you of the fact. 91. Appropriate to (accurate)-His remark was appropriate to the occasion. 92. Aptitude for (skill at doing something): He has no aptitude for public service. 93. Argue with (to talk showing reasons)- They always argue with me. 94. Ashamed of (feeling shame): Muunni was ashamed of her wrong-doing. 95. Aspire after (hanker after)-Man aspires after riches. 96. Associate with/in (related) : This man was associated with the criminals in hijacking. 97. Assure of (giving assurance)-He assured me of his help. 98. Astonished at (wondered) - We were astonished at his unexpected success. 99. Attach to (cling)-I attached the documents to the application. 100. Attain to (achieve) : He will not attain to his objective so soon. 101. Attend on/upon (look after): The nurse is attending on/-upon the patient. 102. Attentive to (mindful): You should be attentive to studies. 103. Aversion to (strong dislike)-I have a serious aversion to smoking. 104. Aware of (conscious): We should be aware of our duties. B 1. Bar to (obstruction)- There is no bar (obstacle) to his trying for the post. 2. Bark at (making sound)-The dog always barks at a stranger. 3. Bask in (enjoy warmth and light): They were basking in the sun. 4. Beg for (seeking something)- Sujata begged the Superintendent for a seat in the hostel. 5. Believe in (to have faith): We believe in Allah. 6. Beneficial to (good for): Walking is beneficial to health. 7. Bent on / upon (strongly determined)- He is bent on upon going to the meeting. 8. Beset with (surrounded) :He is beset with dangers. 9. Bestow on (give) God bestows His blessings on you. 10. Beware of (having caution): Beware of pickpockets. 11. Bias against (prejudice) I have no bias against him. 12. Blessed with (lucky) - He is blessed with a good health. 13. Blind of (having no power to see): He is blind of (or in) both the eyes. 14. Blind to (indifferent): The man is blind to his son's fault. 15. Boast of (feel proud): Do not boast of your wealth. 16. Born in (take birth in a place)- I was born in Bangladesh. 17. Born of (come of)- I was born of a middle class family. He was born of poor parents. 18. Borrow from (taking loan)-He borrowed a book from his friend. 19. Bound for (on the way to): The train is bound for Sylhet. 20. Brood on or over (think sorrowfully) :Do not brood so much on or over your misfortune. 21. Burdened with (to load)-He is burdened with a big family. 22. Burst into (suddenly begin to cry): Hearing the news, she burst into tears. 23. Burst out (suddenly begin to laugh): The whole class burst out laughing. 24. Busy at (involved with )- He is busy at his desk. C 1. Callous to (indifferent to)-We should not be callous to the sufferings of the poor. 2. Capable of (able)- He is not capable of hard work. 3. Capacity for (ability / aptness)- We should have capacity for hard labour. 4. Care for (be cautious)-He does not care (verb) for me .or for wealth 5. Care of (alert)-We should take care of our health. 6. Cause for (cause)- There is no cause for anxiety. 7. Cause of (reason): What is the cause of your failure? 8. Caution against (warning)- We should take proper caution against cancer. 9. Cautious of (beware of)-He is not cautious of his future.. 10. Certain of (sure)-I am certain of it. 11. Charge against (complaint): What is the charge against him'? 12. Charge with (blame with)-He was charged with theft. 13. Clear of (free from) Keep clear of wicked friends. 14. Cling to (attach to)- He clung to me through my troubles. 15. Close to (near): My house is very close to our school. 16. Clothed in (dressed)- The lady was clothed in white. 17. Clue to (evidence)- I found a clue to the mystery. 18. COINCIDE with (agree): Your story coincides with his. 19. Commence on (start)-Our examination will commence on Monday. 20. Commend to (recommend)-The teacher commended the book to the students. 21. Comment on (give opinion)-She commented on the speech. 22. Commit to memory (memorize): Can you commit this long poem to memory? 23. Communicate to (convey)- Please communicate the news to my mother. 24. Communicate with (write letters) I shall communicate (write letters) with him on this matter. 25. Compare to (to make comparison with a dissimilar thing): Anger is often compared to fire. 26. Compare with (to make comparison with similar things): Nazrul can be compared with Shelley. 27. Compensate for (make up the loss): Who will compensate for the loss? 28. Compete with (try to be more successful than somebody)- He competed with me for the post. 29. Competent for (fit for): You are not competent for the post. 30. Complain against (bring charge): They complained against the misbehavior of the guard. 31. Complain to (bring charge to somebody): They complained to the Headmaster. 32. Comply with (agreed to)- Please comply with my request. 33. Composed of (made): What is water composed of? 34. Conceal from (to hide from)- The criminal concealed many things from the police officer. 35. Concerned for (a person's welfare)- He is concerned for his son's employment. 36. Concur with (agree) : I concur with you in your decision (or on this point). 37. Condemn to (sentence to): The murderer was condemned to death. 38. Condole with (sympathize): We condoled with him on his loss. 39. Conducive to (good for)- Early rising is conducive to health. 40. Confess to (to admit something)-He confessed to me his guilt. 41. Confident of (hopeful): He is confident of success. 42. Confine in (keep inside the limits): He is confined to bed by gout. 43. Conform to (follow) (or Act in conformity with) our rules. 44. Conform with (having agreement)- His words conform with his work. 45. Congenial to (conducive): Polluted air is not congenial to health. 46. Congratulate on (express pleasure for one's success): I congratulate you on your ant success. 47. Congratulate on (greet)- The teacher congratulated the students on their bright results. 48. Consist of (contain): Our family consists of five members. 49. Consist in (lie in): True happiness consists in contentment. 50. Connive at (ignore)- Sometimes a mother connives at her son's fault. 51. Conscious of (aware of)- I am conscious of (aware) my weakness. 52. Consideration for (being thoughtful to other)- He has consideration for the poor. 53. Consist of (made of)-My family consists of (contains) six members. 54. Consistent with (agreeing to): Your action is not consistent with your principles. 55. Consult with (to discuss something with somebody): I consulted with him on or about that matter. 56. Contemporary of, with (at the same time)- Nazrul was contemporary of Tagore. 57. Content with (satisfied)- He is content with what he has. 58. Close to (close) -His house is contiguous to mine. 59. Contrary to (against something)- The student acted contrary to his teacher's direction. 60. Contrary to (opposite to).: You acted contrary to orders 61. Contrast to (action of contrasting)- His action is contrast to his profession. 62. Contrast with (different with)- He drew a contrast of Nazrul with Tagore. 63. Contribute to (to make contribution)- I contributed a good amount to the flood affected area. 64. Control of, over (act of limiting): He has no control of or over himself. 65. Converted to, into(changed):My joy was converted into sorrow 66. Convict of (declare guilty): He was convicted of theft. 67. Convinced of (satisfied)- The writer was convinced of his honesty. 68. Cope with (to adjust)- I cannot cope with so much work. 69. Correspond with, about (to write)- I shall correspond with him about the matter. 70. Count for (effect on)- His father's advice counts for nothing on him. 71. Covetous of (greedy)- He is covetous of wealth. 72. Crave for or after (strong desire)- He craves (desires eagerly) for wealth. 73. Credit to (deposit): Credit the amount to my account. 74. Cure for (remedy): There is no cure for AIDS. 75. Cure of (get rid of a disease): He was cured of malaria. Disease D 1. Deal in (do business): He deals in rice, but does not deal honestly with his customers. 2. Deaf in (unable to hear) - He is deaf in one ear. 3. Deaf to (unwilling to listen to something)- He is deaf to entreaty. 4. Deal with (behave): He does not know how to deal with a gentleman. 5. Debar from (prevent): He was debarred from voting. 6. Decide upon ( plan)- I have not decided upon my plan of action. 7. Dedicate to (sacrifice)- Our teachers have dedicated their lives to the service of the school. 8. Defend against (protect)- I shall defend you against all attacks. 9. Defend from (safe)-I shall defend you from your enemy. 10. Defer to: The discussion was deferred (put off) to the next meeting. 11. Deficient in (shortage of, weak)- The boy is deficient in English. 12. Deficient in (weak): He is deficient in learning . 13. Delight in (to enjoy doing something very much)-He finds delight in books. 14. Deliver to (hand over): The postman delivered the letter to me. 15. Demand for (want)- There is no demand for this book. 16. Demand from or of (want/claim)-I demanded the amount from him. 17. Depend on (rely): We should not depend on foreign aids. 18. Depend upon (rely on)- You can depend upon my word. 19. Dependent on (needing somebody or something to survive)- Our family is dependent on me. 20. Deprive of (without food, education, facility etc.)- He was deprived of the property. 21. Deserving of (worth of)- His honesty is deserving of praise. 22. Deprived of (not allowed to enjoy rights): The poor are deprived of their rights. 23. Desire for or of (longing for)- He has no desire for (or of) wealth. He is not desirous of wealth. 24. Despair of (in hopeless) :A lazy boy always despairs of success in life. 25. Destined for or to (fixed by fate)- I am destined for teaching profession. 26. Destitute of (lacking something)- I am destitute of any friend here. 27. Destructive of or to (harmful)- Smoking is destructive of / to health. 28. Detach from (separated): He became detached from his friends. 29. Deter from(prevent): He was deterred from going there. 30. Determined on (decide)- He is determined on going home. 31. Detract from (takes away): This defect detracts from his fame. 32. Detrimental to (injurious)-Smoking is detrimental to health. 33. Deviate from (shifting from)-I cannot deviate (go aside) from truth. 34. Devoid of (lacking): He is devoid of commonsense. 35. Devote to: (to use all-out effort) Devote some time to say your prayer every day. 36. Die by (die by an accident)- He died by an accident. 37. Die for (sacrifice): Soldiers die for their country. 38. Die from (as a result of)- He died from over eating. 39. Die of (causing death by disease)- The man died of malaria. 40. Differ with (disagree): I differ with you on this point. 41. Difference between (the state of being not the same) What is the difference between the two? 42. Different from (not the same): This book is different from yours. 43. Diffident of (doubtful). I am diffident of success (doubtful). 44. Disappointed at (unhappy): He was disappointed at your failure. He was 45. Disgrace to (not respectful)- A notorious boy is disgrace to his family. 46. Disgusted with, at (strong dislike)-The teacher is disgusted with the student at his misconduct. 47. Dislike to /for (not liking)- I have a dislike to evil company. 48. Displeased with (unhappy, not satisfied)- The teacher is displeased with the student. 49. DISPOSE of (finish): Let us dispose of our work. 50. Disqualified for (not qualified): Only a B.A. is disqualified for the post of Headmaster. 51. Disqualified for (unfit)- You are disqualified for the post for your overage. 52. Dissent from (differ).: I dissent from your views (differ). 53. Dissimilar to (different)- This thing is dissimilar to that. 54. Distinguish from (differ)- He can’t distinguish right from wrong. 55. Distrust of (lack of trust / suspicion)-An honest man has no distrust of anyone. 56. Divert from (drive away) The noise diverted my attention from the book to the crowd. 57. Divide between/among Divide the money between the two (or among the four) men present. 58. Doubt about or of (suspicion)- There is no doubt about or of him. I am doubtful of his honesty. 59. Due to (cause)-I could not go to school due to my illness. 60. Dull at (weak): He is dull at Mathematics. 61. Dull of (very weak)- He is dull of hearing 62. Dwell in (live)He dwells in this house. E 1. Eager for/about (very interested)- He is eager for (or after) fame, or about the result. 2. Eligible for (fit, able)-He is eligible for the post (qualified). 3. Emerge from, into (to appear ): Malaysia has emerged from a poor nation to a rich one. 4. End in (result): Vice must end in misery. 5. Endowed with (possess), She is endowed with poetic talents. 6. Enlist in (registered)-He is enlisted in the party. 7. Enquire of, about (want to know)-He enquired of my whereabouts. 8. Enter into (to go in) He entered into the room. 9. Entertained by (get amused at): We were entertained by him with music at the party. 10. Entitled to (right to do or have something): He is entitled to a reward for his honesty. 11. Envious of (jealous)- I am not envious of his success. 12. Escape from (run away)- There is no escape from death. 13. Essential to (necessary)-Sound health is essential to success in life.. 14. Excel in (expert)-The boy excels in dawning. 15. Exception to (something that is not included):There is no exception to the rule. 16. Exclude from (not include)- He was excluded from the list. 17. Excuse for ( plea)- What is your excuse for failure? 18. Excuse from ( exempt)- The librarian excused him from fine. 19. Exhausted with (tired)- I am exhausted with hard work. 20. Expect from ( hope)- I expect a good result from my younger brother. 21. Expect from (hope): We expect-a good result from you. 22. Expert at (skilled)- He is expert at drawing. 23. Expert in (skilled) He is an expert in English. 24. Expose to (open, not protected from)- Don't expose it to the sun. 25. Exult over (rejoice exceedingly) - He exulted over me at or in my misfortune. F 1. Failure of (unsuccess)-The failure of my younger brother in the examination shocked me very much. 2. Faith in (belief): We have faith in Allah. 3. Faithful to (loyal): The dog is faithful to its master. 4. False to (unfaithful)-I cannot be false to my friend. 5. Familiar with (having acquaintance)- I am familiar with her. 6. Famous for (reputed): Rajshahi is famous for mangoes. 7. Fatal to (destructive): This mistake is fatal to his prospects. 8. Favourable for (propitious) -The soil of Rajshahi is favourable for growing mangoes. 9. Fearful of (afraid)-I am fearful of enemies. 10. Feed on (having findings)- The cow feeds on grass. 11. Feed on (live on): The cow feeds on grass. 12. Fight for (try hard to achieve something) He always fought for the poor with or against the rich. 13. Filled with (full)-The sailors were filled with fear. 14. Fine for (penalize): He was fined for misconduct. 15. Fire at (shoot at): The hunter fired at the bird. 16. Fit for (suitable): He is fit for this post. 17. Fond of (likeness)- He has a great fondness for sweets. 18. Fondness for (attraction)-I have fondness for sweets. 19. Forgetful of (unable to remember a fact): He was forgetful of everything just before the competition. 20. Free from (exempt/ without): We are not free from diseases. 21. Free of (rid, remove)-The goods reached free of cost. 22. Free of (without cost): We had the books free of cost. 23. Frown on, at (to express displeasure): He frowned on or at the boys who created the trouble. 24. Full of (filled with): The cup is full of milk. 25. Furnish with (provide or give)-The school was furnished with fine furniture. G 1. Glad at (happy)-My parents are glad at my success. 2. Glance at (an object), over (a subject): He just glanced (looked for an instant) at me and then went on with his work. Please glance over this letter. 3. Glory in (take pride): I glory in your success. 4. Glance at (look for an instant) - He just glanced at me and then went on with his work. 5. Glance over (to go through)-I glanced over the paper. 6. Glory in (to get great pleasure in something)- My parents' glory is in my success. 7. Good at (efficient): He is good at driving. 8. Grateful to/for (thankful): We are grateful to you for your help. 9. Grieve at or for or about (to feel very sorry)-My parents grieved at or for or about my unsuccess. 10. Grumble at, about (to complain something in a bad tempered way)- I am grieved at the loss . 11. Guard against (protect)- You must guard against such mistake in your composition. 12. Guess at (speculate)-He guessed at the truth. 13. Guilty of (having guilt): He is guilty of theft. H 1. Hanker after (have a strong desire):I do not hanker after wealth. 2. Hatred of or for (strong dislike)- I have no hatred of or for him, or of that thing. 3. Heed to (attention)-The sons did not pay heed to their father's advice. 4. Heedless of (attention)-: I shall go, heedless (without caring) of effect. 5. Hesitate at (to pause before doing something): He hesitates at nothing. 6. Hinder from (obstruct)- He was hindered from going out in rain. 7. Hindrance to (obstruction)- There is no hindrance to his going. 8. Hinge upon (depends): The whole case hinge's upon this point. 9. Hint at (indication at)- I hinted at the coming trouble. 10. Hit upon (to make)-We hit upon a plan. 11. Hope of (desire for something)-A coward has no hope of success in life. 12. Hopeful of (having hope): I am hopeful of your success. 13. Hostile to (not in favour)-He is hostile to my plan. 14. Hunt after or for (run after)- Don't hunt after or for pleasure. I 1. Identical with (the same as): Your opinion is identical with mine. 2. Ignorant of (having no knowledge)- Children are ignorant of the reality of life. 3. Immersed in (plunged): He is immersed in debt. 4. Immune from, against, to(secure): He is immune from (or against, or to) infection. 5. Impart to (give): Impart the knowledge of the thing to him. 6. Impatient of (intolerant)- He is impatient of delay. 7. Impose upon / on (to put to against somebody's will)- The task was imposed on him 8. Impress with (to feel admiration for somebody)- I was impressed with his stern sense of duty. 9. Incentive to (stimulus that encourages everybody)- This reward will be an incentive to greater exertion 10. Inclination to, for (eagerness)-She has a deep inclination to or for music. 11. Inculcate upon, in ( to fix beliefs or ideas in someone's mind): He inculcated the idea upon or in my mind. 12. Incumbent on (necessary as part of somebody's duty)-It is incumbent on us to help the poor. 13. Indebted to (grateful)- I am indebted to you for my success. 14. Independent of (not connected or influenced by)-None is independent of society. 15. Indifferent to (not careful)- He is indifferent to my interests. 16. Indignant with (angry): He is indignant with me at my conduct. 17. Indispensable to (essential)- Your help is indispensable to me. 18. Indulge in (to allow yourself or another person): Do not indulge in wine. 19. Infer from (deduce): What do you infer from his reply? 20. Inflict on (impose): A heavy fine was inflicted on me. 21. Influence on / upon (power to produce an effect)-The advice of the teacher bore influence on/upon the students. 22. Influence over (power to produce an effect)- I have no influence with or over him. 23. Inform against (to let know)-The villagers informed the police against the murder. 24. inform of (give information): Who informed you of the matter? 25. Inform of (to let know)-I informed him of his result. 26. Infuse into (put): He infused a new spirit into us. 27. Inherent in (innate)-Honesty is inherent in him. ‑ 28. Innocent of (not guilty of a crime)-The officer is innocent of the charge. 29. Inquire of/about (to investigate)- I inquired of him about the matter. 30. Insist on (to person)-He insisted on my going to cinema. 31. Instill into (infuse gradually): He instilled that idea into my mind. 32. Inspire with (to encourage)-The advice of the teacher inspired us with courage. 33. Interfere with, in (to influence a situation)-He always interferes with me in my affairs. 34. Interest in (eagerness)- I take interest in this matter. 35. Interested in (having an interest): He is interested in painting. 36. Intimate with(having a very close friendship) : I am intimate with him. 37. Introduce to (acquaint with): He introduced me to the class. 38. Intrude upon (unlawful entry)-1 don't want you to intrude upon our discussion. 39. Invest with (to give to)-The captain was invested with new power. 40. Involve in (engaged in)- I am involved in debt. 41. Irrelevent to (not relevent)-His remark is irrelevent to the subject. 42. Irrespective of (without considering something)- All are equal irrespective of caste and creed and belief. J 1. Jealous of (envious): He is jealous of my prosperity. 2. Jeer at (to laugh at)-We should not jeer at the poor. 3. Jest at (make fun of)-One should not jest at the poor. 4. Joint to or with (to add to)-The two families were joined with or to each other by marriage. 5. Judge by (assess)-We should not judge anyone by appearance. 6. Justification for (acceptable reason)-What is the justification of (or for) this conduct? K 1. Key to (mainly helpful.): Industry is the key to success. 2. Kind to (sympathetic)- We should be kind to the poor. L 1. Lack of (shortage)-He has lack of wealth. 2. Lame of (having lameness): He is lame of one leg. 3. Lament for (showing lamentation)-There is no use of lamenting for or over the past 4. Laugh at (ridicule): Do not laugh at the dwarf. 5. Lean against (to slope in one direction): He leaned against the wall for support. 6. Liable for (having to do something by law) He is liable to (likely to get) punishment for neglecting his duties. 7. Liable to (likely to do)-Man is liable to error. 8. Likeness to (a person or thing)- I knew him by his likeness to his father. 9. Liking for (a person or thing)- He has a liking for me. 10. Live in (reside)-They live in Khulna. 11. Live on (to survive)-The cow lives on grass. 12. Long for (desire strongly)-Everybody longs for happiness. 13. Lost in (deeply absorbed) He is lost in thought. 14. Loyal to (firm and not changing): He is loyal to his master. 15. Lust for / after (greed after)- She has a lust after riches. M 1. Marry to (to be in marriage): Mamtaz was married to Shahjahan. 2. Martyr to (death for a noble cause)- He died a martyr to liberty. 3. Match for (agrees with) This colour matches with that. 4. Meddle with, in(interfere): Do not meddle with/in my affairs. 5. Meditate on/upon (to think on)- He meditated upon the folly of his action. 6. Meet with (fall into an accident)-The boy met with an accident. 7. Merge with (totally mixed up)-Red merges into pink. 8. Mindful of (attentive to): Good students are mindful of their studies. 9. Mourn for (lament)- England mourns for the fallen. 10. Moved by (approve prayer), :He was moved by my entreaty. 11. Muse on (thought deeply)- He mused long on life's changes. N 1. Natural to (common)-Death is natural to all. 2. Necessary for (inseparable)-Industry is necessary for success. 3. Necessity for (need)-I have no necessity for the book. 4. Necessity of (need): The general felt the necessity of surrender (or surrendering). 5. Need of (necessary)-I am badly in need of a seat in the hostel. 6. Neglectful of (not being serious) They should not be neglectful of their duties. 7. Negligent in (reluctant)-Students should not be negligent in their duties and responsibilities. 8. Noted for (famous): Paris is noted for art. O 1. Obedient to (willing to obey) - He is obedient to his parents. 2. Object to (giving objection)-I object to his proposal. 3. Objection to/against (feeling of disapproval)-I have no objection to /against his proposal. 4. Obligatory on (mandatory)-It is obligatory on sons to look after their old parents. 5. Obliged to, for (grateful)-I am obliged to you for granting my prayer. 6. Oblivious of (forgetful of)-Man is oblivious of the past. 7. Observant of (good at noticing things around)-The teacher is observant of the students' feelings. 8. Obstacle to (hindrance)-Poverty was obstacle to his success in life. 9. Occupied in (busy)-Ile is occupied in writing a novel. 10. Occupied with (busy)-He is occupied with his books. 11. Offend against (hurt)-You have offended against school discipline. 12. Offensive to (unpleasant)-The smell of this scent is offensive to me. 13. Open to (allowing all): The school is open to all for education. 14. Opportunity for (chance)- I have missed an opportunity for going abroad. 15. Opportunity of (chance)- I have no opportunity of going abroad. 16. Opposition to (hostility)- He offered strong opposition to the bill. 17. Originate in/from (rise)-The fire originated in or from the kitchen. 18. Oust from (depose)-He was ousted from the society. 19. Overwhelmed with (extreme)- He is overwhelmed with grief at his brother's death 20. Owe to (be indebted for): I owe my all possessions to him. P 1. Parallal to (like/similar)- This straight line is parallel to that. 2. Parody on/of (caricature/satire)- This is a parody on (or of) a poem of Milton. 3. Part from (depart)-He parted from me. 4. Part from, with (say good-bye to): It is painful for a mother to part from (or with) her son. 5. Part with (depart)- I cannot part with this book. 6. Passion for (feeling)- He has a passion for music. 7. Patience of (tolerance)-The father lost all his patience with his son. 8. Patient with (tolerant)- We should be patient of others’ beliefs. 9. Peculiar to: That style of play is peculiar to him. 10. Permit of (allow)-His conduct permits of no excuse. 11. Persevere in (continue in a determined way): He persevered in his attempts. 12. Persist in (continues to exist): He persisted in disturbing me. 13. Play at (game)-Students should not play at cards. 14. Play on (perform on a musical instrument): The boy was playing on a violin. 15. Play with (fun)-Don't play with matches. 16. Plead against (argue)-I plead against his conduct. 17. Plead for (solicit)-The poor plead for justice but in vain. 18. Pleased with (happy)- I am pleased with him or about his conduct. 19. Pleased at(happy): I am pleased at finding him here. 20. Plunged in (immersed)-I found him plunged in thought. 21. Ponder over (think)-The boy is pondering over the mistakes. 22. Popular with (loved by people): He is popular with his students. 23. Popular with; for (favourite)-The teacher is popular with the pupils for his politeness. 24. Precaution against (prudence)-We should take precaution against cold. 25. Prefer to (like better)- I prefer health to wealth 26. Prejudicial to (detrimental)- Smoking is prejudical to health. 27. Prejudice against (partiality)-I have no prejudice against any religion. 28. Prepare for (bet ready): He is preparing for the exam. 29. Prepare for (ready)-He is preparing for the examination. 30. Present to (give gift) I presented the book to my sister. 31. Preside over (be the head of): He presided over the annual meeting. 32. Pretend to (feign)- I do not pretend to high birth 33. Pretext for (excuse)-His headache is a pretext for his not attending the class. 34. Prevent from (forbid): Father prevented me from going to the cinema. 35. Prey upon: verb. Anxiety preyed upon (exert wasteful influence upon) my mind. 36. Pride in (ego)-He takes pride in his wealth. 37. Prior to (before): Prior to that, he was a clerk. 38. Proficient in (skilled)-Our Headmaster is proficient in English. 39. Profitable to (lucrative)-The co-operative shop was profitable to the students. 40. Prohibit from (forbid): Father prohibited me from going to the cinema. 41. Prohibit from (forbid)-I prohibited him from going to cinema. 42. Prompt in (agile)-He was prompt in doing his duties. 43. Prone to (inclined to something bad): He is prone to idleness. 44. Proportionate to (commensurate)-Punishment should be proportionate to crime. 45. Protect from (safeguard)- There was no cloud to protect the sailors from the burning sun. 46. Provide with (supply)-They were provided with all basic needs. 47. Pry into (inspecting closely): I do not like prying into your secrets. Q 1. Qualified for (fit for): He is qualified for the post of Headmaster. 2. Quarrel about (brawl)-We should not quarrel with one another. 3. Quick at (fast)- He is quick at figures (or of) understanding (prompt). R 1. Ready at (prepared)-He is ready at passing running commentry. 2. Ready for (prepared)-They are ready to do anything for the country. 3. Rebel against (revolt)-The soldiers rebelled against the king. 4. Reconciled with (reunite)-He is reconciled with his wife. 5. Recover from (come round): He has recovered from illness. 6. Reduced to The old man has been reduced to poverty. 7. Refer to (allude)-The case was referred to police for inquiry. 8. Reflect upon (think)-He reflected upon his past mistakes. 9. Refrain from (abstain from)-I refrained him from going outside in the odd time. 10. Regard for (honor): We must have regard for our elders. 11. Regard to (about)-In regard to his character I know nothing. 12. Rejoice in, at (happy): No one rejoiced at (or in) their success more than she. 13. Relevant to (related)-Your remark is not relevant (pertinent) to the point. 14. Relieved of (free)- The servant was relieved of his duties. 15. Rely on (depend)- You may rely on my word. 16. Remarkable for (famous)-He is remarkable (noted) for his strength. 17. Remedy for (antidote)-There is no remedy for this disease. 18. Remind of (bring to mind)- I reminded him of his promise. 19. Render into(translate): Render the passage into English. 20. Repent of (regret)-I repent of my rudeness. 21. Repentance for (penitence)- I feel repentance for my rudeness.. 22. Requisite of (required)-A Haji has to take many requisites for pilgrimage. 23. Resort to (refuge)-We must resort to (use) force to put the evil down. 24. Respectful to (regard)-: He is respectful to his elders. 25. Respond to (answer)-I responded to his call of help. 26. Responsible to (liable)-We are responsible to authority for our duties. 27. Restore to (give back): Restore his property to him. 28. Restrict to (limit)-Admission to a good school is restricted to only first division students. 29. Result in (happen)- Callousness to study result in misery. 30. Result of (consequence)-The result of dishonesty is terrible. 31. Retire from (stop work)- The man retired from job at the age of sixty. 32. Revenge upon (avenge)- He took revenge on me for opposing him 33. Rich in (prosperous)-Vegetables are rich in fiber. S 1. Sanguine of (hopeful) My father is sanguine of my success. 2. Satisfied of (contented)-I was satisfied of his honesty. 3. Satisfied with (contented)-Man should be satisfied with what he has. 4. Search for (seek)-The police searched for the criminal. 5. Seek for (search)- we should seek for truth. 6. Sensible of (cautious)- He is sensible of the danger ahead. 7. Sensitive to (emotional)- This instrument is very sensitive to cold. 8. Sentence to, for (a punishment given by a judge): He was sentenced to death for murder. 9. Short of (insufficient)-The school is short of funds. 10. Sick of (ill)- I am sick of a fever 11. Side with (join with)-He stood side with the Republicans just before the election. 12. Similar to (like)-Ignorance is similar to darkness. 13. Slave to (servile)-Man should not be slave to his passion. 14. Smile on (favour): Fortune smiles on the brave. 15. Sneer at (frown)- We should not sneer at the blind. 16. Solicit for (crave)-He solicited for some money. 17. Sorry for (regretful)-I am sorry for my rude behaviour. 18. Stare at (gaze)-He stared at me. 19. Startle at (surprise)-He was startled at seeing the huge amount of bill. 20. Stick to (adhere)-I shall stick to my principles. 21. Subject to (surrender/be victim of) The poor are subject to hardship. 22. Submit to (surrender)-Man must submit to his fate. 23. Subordinate to (dependent)-The teaching staff of an academy is subordinate to the headmaster. 24. Subscribe to (contribute)-We must subscribe to the poor fund. 25. Substitute for (another): Guava may substitute for apple. 26. Subversive of (destructive)-He did not take part in any activity subversive of the state. 27. Succeed in (overcome)-He succeeded in his life through hard labour. 28. Suffer from (endure)- I am suffering from malaria. You must suffer for your misdeeds. 29. Sufficient for (adequate)-This amount is sufficient for our purpose. 30. Suitable for (fit)-This house is not suitable for or to me. The speech was not suitable to the occasion. 31. Suited to (apt)-His comment was suited to the occasion. 32. Sure of (having confidence): I am sure of my success. 33. Surprised at, by (feeling at unexpected happening): I am surprised at or by your conduct. 34. Suspicious of (suspecting)-He is suspicious of my motive. 35. Sympathies with (feeling soft to somebody)-I sympathies with you in your misery. 36. Sympathy for (feeling pity and sorrow)-I have no sympathy. for or with him as he is dishonest. T 1. Talk to, about or over (discuss)-I did not talk to him about his mother. 2. Taste for (Interest): He has no taste for music. 3. Thankful for, to (grateful)- I am thankful to you for your help. 4. Thirst for (strong desire): He had thirst for knowledge. 5. Tired of (in need of rest)- I am tired of waiting, or by the long walk, or with exertions. 6. Tolerant of (patient)- We must be tolerant of opposition. 7. True to (faithful)-I am true to my word. 8. Trust in (believe in): We should trust in God. U 1. Unequal to (different in level): He is unequal to the task. 2. Unite with (to join together) -I am now united with him. 3. Urge upon (to pray for something to someone)-We urged the point upon his consideration. 4. Used to (habituated)-He was used to hard work. 5. Useful to (needful)- This book is useful to or for students. V 1. Vain of (too proud of)-The lady is vain of her beauty. 2. Vary from (differ)-Opinion may vary from man to man. 3. Versed in (learned)-He is well versed in politics. 4. Vexed with (not happy)- He is vexed with me for opposing him 5. Victim of (succumb)- He was a victim of the earthquake disaster. 6. Victim to (succumb)-Bangladesh falls a victim to flood every year. 7. Vie with (compete)-They vied with one another in their eagerness to honour me. 8. Void of (completely lacking something)-Your remark is void of any meaning. 9. Vote for (in favor of)-He voted for me. W 1. Wait for (a person / thing)-We waited for you at the corner. 2. Wait upon (attend on): I waited upon the guest. 3. Wait upon (attend)-A nurse waits upon the patients. 4. Want of (lack of)-I have want of money. 5. Warn against (caution)-I warned him against his misconceptions. 6. Wish for (desire)- I do not wish for riches. 7. Wonder at (surprised with admiration)-We wondered at his ignorance. 8. Worthy of (deserving): Your action is worthy of praise. Y 1. Yearn for (to want something very much) - We yearn for peace. 2. Yield to (surrendered)- The rebels yielded to the king. Z 1. Zeal for (eagerness)-Begum Sufia Kamal had a great zeal for education. 2. Zest for (keeness)- I have no zest (interest) for the work long hours.

Appropriate Preposition Worksheet-1.10.0 Fill the gap with appropriate preposition 1. Who will account............. the loss? 2. My school is adjacent.................... my house. 3. Men are not always afraid ..................... snakes. 4. I didn't find any clue ................... this matter. 5. I have no ambition ......... leadership. 6. He was beside himself.......... Joy. 7. I am capable ...................... doing hard work. 8. The boy is clever............. geometry. 9. The man was cured ..................... his deafness. 10. Old parents depend........... their children. 11. Kalam is deficient.................... mathematics. 12. We should not be despaired ................ success. 13. Ratan is eager........... learning. 14. Love ............. power is inherent............... man. 15. Education is essential ................ democracy. 16.1 have no greed.......... earthly pleasures. 17. The man was guilty .......... theft. 18. The virtuous never hanker....................... money. 19. Youth is the high time ..................... learning. 20. He insisted............................ my going ............. him. 21.1 didn't find any clue ......................... this matter. 22. The man killed a snake .................... a stick. 23. The boy excelled ........... English. 24. Man is ignorant............. his future. 25.1 cannot part ........... this book. 26. Mr. Khan was looking...................... his lost bag. 27. The boat sank ........... the waves. (down/beneath) 28. We are hopeful ........................ our success. 29. The local train touches ......... this station. 30. I won't yield ................. such an unfair thing. 31. How did you come.......................... this ring? 32. He was indifferent .......... his health. 33. He differed .......... me ................ this point. 34. He congratulated me................. my success. 35. We should not boast..................... our education. 36. He takes pride .......... his wealth. 37. I prefer milk ............ tea. 38. He died ............ diarrhoea. 39. He died ............ a street accident. 40. The ship is bound........... Colombo. 41.1 have no want............ fame. 42. Honesty is indispensable ......... success. 43. Addiction ................... gambling is very bad. 44. I know him............ name. 45. He took advantages................. my absence. 46. He has not capacity...................... doing this. 47. 1 do not believe ........................ his honesty. 48. This book belongs......................... me. 49. He is blind .................. his own faults. 50. There is a bridge .......... the river. 51. They were jealous ....................... him. 52. I saw it.......................... my own eyes. 53. Your conduct admits.................... no excuse. 54. We have faith ........... Allah. 55. The teacher is popular........... his students. 56. He has no access ....... the headmaster's room. 57. I am quite alive.................... my deficiencies. 58. No one will derive anything ........... falsehood. 59. A one man committee inquired ........... the matter. 60. The message inspired us.......... new hopes. Appropriate Preposition Worksheet-1.10.0 Answer Who will account for the loss? My school is adjacent to my house. Men are not always afraid of snakes. I didn't find any clue to this matter. I have no ambition for leadership. He was beside himself with joy. I am capable of doing hard work. The boy is clever at geometry. The man was cured of his deafness. Old parents depend on their children. Kalam is deficient in mathematics. We should not be despaired of success. Ratan is eager for learning. Love for power is inherent in man. Education is essential for democracy. I have no greed for earthly pleasures. The man was guilty of theft. The virtuous never hanker after money. Youth is the high time for learning. He insisted on my going with him. I didn't find any clue to this matter. The man killed a snake with a stick. The boy excelled in English. Man is ignorant of his future. I cannot part with this book. Mr. Khan was looking for his lost bag. The boat sank beneath the waves. We are hopeful of our success. The local train touches at this station. I won't yield to such an unfair thing. How did you come by this ring? He was indifferent to his health. He differed with me on this point. He congratulated me on my success. We should not boast of our education. He takes pride in his wealth. I prefer milk to tea. He died of diarrhoea. He died in a street accident. The ship is bound for Colombo. I have no want of fame. Honesty is indispensable to success. Addiction to gambling is very bad. I know him by name. He took advantage of my absence. He has no capacity for doing this. I do not believe in his honesty. This book belongs to me. He is blind to his own faults. There is a bridge over the river. They were jealous of him. I saw it with my own eyes. Your conduct admits of no excuse. We have faith in Allah. The teacher is popular with his students. He has no access to the headmaster's room. I am quite alive to my deficiencies. No one will derive anything from falsehood. A one man committee inquired into the matter. The message inspired us with new hopes. Appropriate Preposition Worksheet-1.10.1 1. Hilsa fish abounds __________ the Padma. 2. The Padma abounds __________ Hilsa fish. 3. I can accommodate myself __________ any situation. 4. Salam was accompanied __________ his father. 5. The feast was accompanied __________ music. 6. The principal admitted me __________ his college. 7. Your conduct admits __________ no excuse. 8. He was admitted __________ the hospital. 9. I was angry __________ his conduct. 10. The teacher was angry __________ the boys. 11. I am anxious __________ your health. 12. Nobody should be anxious __________ riches. 13. I'm anxious __________ find a better job. 14. I appeared __________ the last annual examination. 15. He appeared __________ the court. 16. It appears __________ me that he is mistaken. 17. The students apologized __________ the Headmaster. 18. I apologize __________ my misconduct. 19. He attends __________ his office regularly. 20. She was asked to attend __________ her mother. 21. Attend __________ your studies regularly. 22. I was born __________ a noble family. 23. He was born __________ poverty. 24. There is no cause __________ anxiety. 25. Smoking is one __________ the causes __________ heart disease. 26. There is a charge __________ theft against him. 27. He was charged __________ theft. 28. I have no claim __________ him. 29. I have no claim __________ this property. 30. He was confined __________ bed. 31. He was confined __________ his bedroom. 32. My uncle deals __________ jute. 33. The shopkeeper deals well __________ his customers. 34. He is dull __________ understanding. 35. He is dull __________ physics. 36. He gets delight __________ music. 37. He delights __________ teasing his younger sister. 38. I was delighted __________ his performance. 39. He died __________ an accident. 40. We are always ready __________ die __________ our country. 41. He died __________ Cholera. 42. This thing is different __________ that thing __________ quality. 43. The two men differ __________ opinion __________ each other. 44. He differs __________ me __________ many points. 45. My father was engaged __________ a business. 46. They entered __________ an agreement. 47. He has just entered __________ a new career. 48. I am free __________ danger now. 49. The goods are free __________ tax. 50. I glance __________ his garden on my way. 51. I glanced __________ your letter for a minute. 52. We always hope __________ a better future. 53. There is no hope __________ his escape. 54. He is hard __________ studying before examination. 55. The man is hard __________ learning. 56. Nothing is impossible __________ industry. 57. We inquired __________ him __________ this matter. 58. The police inquired __________ the matter sincerely. 59. He inquired __________ your health. 60. The man lacks __________ common sense. 61. Lack __________ time prevented me from going there. 62. The cow lives __________ grass. 63. We should live __________ honest means. 64. We live __________ better crops. 65. The baby is looking __________ the moon. 66. There is none __________ look __________ him. 67. The police are looking __________ the matter. 68. Rezina was looking __________ the window. 69. I was occupied __________ writing a letter. 70. I was occupied __________ my own studies. 71. I am not pleased __________ his conduct. 72. He is very pleased __________ me. 73. I pointed __________ him __________ my finger. 74. I pointed the matter __________ him. 75. Nothing can prevail __________ truth. 76. He is proficient __________ English. 77. He is proficient __________ Music. 78. We should provide __________ our children. 79. They provide us __________ fish and meat regularly. 80. Always provide something __________ a rainy day. 81. My father retired __________ service. 82. Being tired he retired __________ bed. 83. My relations __________ him are not friendly. 84. Harry is a near relation __________ mine. 85. This fact bears no relation __________ his personal views. 86. His fall resulted __________ his foolishness. 87. His foolishness resulted __________ his fall. 88. I am satisfied __________ his behavior. 89. I am satisfied __________ my profit. 90. I am satisfied __________ the truth. 91. The police searched __________ him __________ drugs. 92. We searched __________ the matter. 93. I am sorry __________ my sad remark. 94. I feel really sorry __________ her accident. 95. I am sorry __________ breaking your car. 96. He succeeded __________ the estate of his father. 97. He succeeded __________ the examination. 98. Paper will be supplied __________ the boys. 99. The boys will be supplied __________ paper. 100. He thinks __________ his son's success. 101. Think __________ the matter carefully. 102. He threw a stone __________ me. 103. He threw the ball __________ me __________ the window. 104. He is tired __________ waiting __________ me. 105. I was tired __________ a long journey. 106. The Mohanagar Express touches __________ only big stations. 107. I cannot always trust __________ my luck. 108. I cannot trust you __________ my secret. 109. Trust __________ Almighty Allah and He will save you. 110. A wheel turns __________ its axis. 111. Turn this passage __________ English. 112. I waited __________ him __________ two hours. 113. The nurse waited __________ the patient. 114. He warned me __________ the danger. 115. I warned him __________ this hasty step. 116. He is weak __________ Mathematics. 117. He is weak __________ understanding. 118. He has a zeal __________ learning. 119. He is zealous __________ improvement. Answer: 1. Hilsa fish abounds in the Padma. 2. The Padma abounds with Hilsa fish. 3. I can accommodate myself to any situation. 4. Salam was accompanied by his father. 5. The feast was accompanied with music. 6. The principal admitted me to his college. 7. Your conduct admits of no excuse. 8. He was admitted to the hospital. 9. I was angry at his conduct. 10. The teacher was angry with the boys. 11. I am anxious about your health. 12. Nobody should be anxious for riches. 13. I'm anxious to find a better job. 14. I appeared at the last annual examination. 15. He appeared before the court. 16. It appears to me that he is mistaken. 17. The students apologized to the Headmaster. 18. I apologize for my misconduct. 19. He attends to his office regularly. 20. She was asked to attend on her mother. 21. Attend to your studies regularly. 22. I was born of a noble family. 23. He was born in poverty. 24. There is no cause for anxiety. 25. Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 26. There is a charge of theft against him. 27. He was charged with theft. 28. I have no claim against him. 29. I have no claim to this property. 30. He was confined to bed. 31. He was confined in his bedroom. 32. My uncle deals in jute. 33. The shopkeeper deals well with his customers. 34. He is dull of understanding. 35. He is dull in physics. 36. He gets delight in music. 37. He delights in teasing his younger sister. 38. I was delighted with his performance. 39. He died in an accident. 40. We are always ready to die for our country. 41. He died of Cholera. 42. This thing is different from that thing in quality. 43. The two men differ in opinion with each other. 44. He differs with me on many points. 45. My father was engaged in a business. 46. They entered into an agreement. 47. He has just entered upon a new career. 48. I am free from danger now. 49. The goods are free from tax. 50. I glance at his garden on my way. 51. I glanced through your letter for a minute. 52. We always hope for a better future. 53. There is no hope of his escape. 54. He is hard at studying before examination. 55. The man is hard at learning. 56. Nothing is impossible to industry. 57. We inquired of him about this matter. 58. The police inquired into the matter sincerely. 59. He inquired after your health. 60. The man lacks in common sense. 61. Lack of time prevented me from going there. 62. The cow lives on grass. 63. We should live by honest means. 64. We live for better crops. 65. The baby is looking at the moon. 66. There is none to look after him. 67. The police are looking into the matter. 68. Rezina was looking through the window. 69. I was occupied in writing a letter. 70. I was occupied with my own studies. 71. I am not pleased with his conduct. 72. He is very pleased with me. 73. I pointed at him with my finger. 74. I pointed the matter out to him. 75. Nothing can prevail against truth. 76. He is proficient in English. 77. He is proficient in Music. 78. We should provide for our children. 79. They provide us with fish and meat regularly. 80. Always provide something for a rainy day. 81. My father retired from service. 82. Being tired he retired to bed. 83. My relations with him are not friendly. 84. Harry is a near relation of mine. 85. This fact bears no relation to his personal views. 86. His fall resulted from his foolishness. 87. His foolishness resulted in his fall. 88. I am satisfied with his behavior. 89. I am satisfied with my profit. 90. I am satisfied of the truth. 91. The police searched him for drugs. 92. We searched into the matter. 93. I am sorry for my sad remark. 94. I feel really sorry about her accident. 95. I am sorry for breaking your car. 96. He succeeded to the estate of his father. 97. He succeeded in the examination. 98. Paper will be supplied to the boys. 99. The boys will be supplied with paper. 100. He thinks of his son's success. 101. Think over the matter carefully. 102. He threw a stone at me. 103. He threw the ball to me through the window. 104. He is tired of waiting for me. 105. I was tired from a long journey. 106. The Mohanagar Express touches at only big stations. 107. I cannot always trust to my luck. 108. I cannot trust you with my secret. 109. Trust in Almighty Allah and He will save you. 110. A wheel turns on its axis. 111. Turn this passage into English. 112. I waited for him for two hours. 113. The nurse waited on the patient. 114. He warned me of the danger. 115. I warned him against this hasty step. 116. He is weak in Mathematics. 117. He is weak of understanding. 118. He has a zeal for learning. 119. He is zealous for improvement.

SSC Right Form of Verbs All Boards 2020 Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases: 1. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2020;Sylhet Board 2020] drive solve create suffer occur reach cause carry violate give Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities of our country. Increasing number of vehicles (a) ---traffic jam. Mainly it (b) --- in the congested areas. Overtaking tendency also (c) ---traffic jam. Some drivers (d) --- the traffic rules and (e) ---carelessly. It (f) ---a lot of pains to the people. Ambulances (g) ---patients cannot (h) --- hospital timely. Students and office-going people also (i) ---due to traffic jam. This problem should be (j) ---immediately. 2. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2020; Rajshahi Board-2015] contribute confine keep prove work develop receive become adopt be According to history, women in the past were (a) ---within the four walls. But at present, they (b) ---no longer captive to their parents’ or husbands’ house. With the passage of time, the outlook and attitude have been (c) ---as men and women are (d) ---themselves to the changing society. By (e) ---education, they are (f) ---pilots, doctors, engineers, high officials, etc. They are (g) ---hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They are now able to (h) ---their worth. They (i) ---much to the economy of the country. Now, it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ---half of our population idle at home. 3. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2020] bestow be enable lose be have owe belong cause show We (a)---to our nature for (b)---us with her gifts lavishly. We (c)---a large area of land but the negligible area of land that (d) ---to us, is very fertile. We (e) ---ungrateful to our soil. But our activities (f) ---that we have (g) ---ungrateful to our soil. We are constantly (h)---soil pollution by our unwise activities. As a result, our fertile land is (i) ---its fertility which has (j) ---us to grow crops easily. 4. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board -2020] take eat deserve be thrive cause run know fall do Everybody (a)---- that food adulteration (b) ---a crime. Adulterated food is poisonous and (c)--- diseases. People (d) ---this kind of food (e) ----victim to liver disease, cancer, kidney failure and so on. Some businessman who are avaricious and (f) ---after money only (g) --- heinous work. They (h) ----- the miseries of others. They (i) --- punishment. Some strict measures should be (j)---- to stop this abominable task of the greedy businessmen. 5. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. ensure imagine refer create treat take eliminate establish broaden keep Gender inequality is a barrier to the overall development of a country. Gender equality (a) ---to the condition in which both men and women (b) ---equally and fairly in all circumstances Without (c) ---the participation of the both, the social and economic development (d) ---. Elimination of gender disparity is a demand of the day with a view to (e) ---human rights. Our government, already (f) ---some initiatives in different sectors so that women can (g) — peace with men. But our social set up is (h) ---a barrier in different ways. We should (i) ---our outlook and come forward to (j) ---gender inequality from the society. 6. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2020] act damage breed rise result consider overcome compare build endeavour Self-control (a) ---a great power. It (b) ---all other virtues. Man generally (c) ---on impulses and strong desires. Vicious desires (d) ---the purity of heart and mind (e) ---the degradation of human nature. It is the self-control that can help a man (f) ---up a pure character which is very essential (g) ---above the level of inhumanity. Nothing can (h) ---to self-control to (i) ---inhumanity. So, everybody (j)---for being self-controlled. 7. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Mymensingh Board-2020] know hear call inspire bear hinder begin remember be join You must have (a) ---the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. He (b) ---our national poet. He (c) ---as a rebel poet as well. He (d) ---into a poor family. But dire needs could not (e) ---his potentiality. When the First World War broke out, he (f) ---the army. After the war, he (g) ---to write poems. At that time, his poems and songs (h) ---people against oppression. He (i) ---the Shelley of Bangla literature. We should (j) ---him for his great deeds. 8. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2020] enlighten limit start ensure have get remove encourage compare educate Education (a)--- mankind. It (b)--- to light which (c)--- the darkness of ignorance and helps us to distinguish between right and wrong. The primary purpose of education is the liberation of man from the restrictions of habits and attitudes which (d)--- his humanity. In our country, the govt. (e)--- Food for Education Programme" so that every man (f)--- proper education. The govt, has taken such a programme with a view to (g)--- the poor. In order to (h)--- maximum benefit from education, we must (i)--- our children morally so that they (j)--- love for humanity. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2020 Answer 1. Answer: (a) create/cause (b) occurs (c) causes /creates (d) violate (e) drive (f) gives (g) carrying (h) reach (i) suffer (j) solved 2. Answer: (a) confined (b) are (c) developed (d) adopting (e) receiving (f) becoming (g) working (h) prove (i) are contributing (j) keeping. 3. Answer: (a) owe (b) bestowing (c) do not have (d) belongs (e) should not be (f) show (g) been (h) causing (i) losing (j) enabled 4. Answer: (a) knows (b) is (c) causes (d) eating (e) fall (f) run (g) do (h) thrive (i) deserve (j) taken 5. Answer: a) refers b) are treated c) ensuring d) cannot be imagined e) establishing f) has taken f) keep g) creating i) change j) eliminating 6. Answer: (a) is considered (b) breeds (c) acts (d) damage (e) resulting (f) build (g) to rise (h) be compared (i) overcome (j) should endeavor 7. Answer: (a) heard (b) is (c) is known (d) was born (e) hinder (f) joined (g) began (h) inspired (i) is (j) called remember 8. Answer: a) enlightens b) is compared c) removes d) limit e) has started f) gets g) encouraging h) ensure i) educate j) have SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2019 9. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2019] think be defend honour inspire remember sacrifice die Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) ---a man to shed the last drop of blood to (b) ---the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) ---not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) ---by all. He always (e) ---for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f)--- only for their own interest. Those who (g) ---for the country are true patriots. They (h) ---even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) ---their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) ---forever. 10. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2019] work commit respect occur know Sacrifice have follow remember stand Love for one’s own country (a) ---as patriotism. Everyone should (b) ---a great love for his country. Many of our freedom fighters (c) ---their lives in 1971 for the sake of our country. The countryman (d) ---them forever. Some people are (e) ---persistently for the development of the country. They are also patriots. Everybody (f) ---a patriot. When any natural calamity (g) ---in the country, a patriot (h) ---by the affected people. We (i) ---the footprint of the patriots. We should refrain from (j) ---any crime that is harmful of our country. 11. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2019] understand form consider owe take respect succeed acquire admit forget In an educational institution teacher-student relationship is (a) ---to be the most important matter. It is such a relationship that is (b) ---on the basis of mutual (c) ---. A student always (d) ---to his teachers because he cannot but (e) ---help from them in case of (f) ---knowledge. The sensible students never (g) ---their teachers. Moreover, they (h) ---their memorable teachers’ role which helps them (i) ---in life. So, they always (j) ---their teachers. 12. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board - 2019] prepared claim memorize develop command help do thinking make exercise Most of the students of our country are expert in (a) ---answers. They do not (b) ---notes themselves. They get them (c) ---by their tutors. Their tutors (d) ---their brain for the students. So, the (e) ---power of the students does not (f) ---. They do not have any (g) ---of their language. They, of course, (h) ---well in the examination. But for this, they can (i) ---no credit of their own. This result does not (j) ---them in their later life. 13. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Sylhet Board 2019;Jashore Board 2016] engage do face be help solve make try create At present Bangladesh (a) ---unemployment problem. This problem already (b) ---an alarming dimension. The government (c) ---to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) ---without (e) ---. the unemployment skillful. So, education (f) ---a must. It (g) ---a man to get a job. Job does, not mean (h) ---official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) ---oneself in economic activities. The government is giving financial help and training to the educated youths with a view to (j) ---them self-reliant. 14. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Barishal Board-2019] work confine emerge find earn be bring give Over the last ten years or so, the garments industries have (a) ---as the largest foreign currency earning sector. Hundreds of garments factories have (b) ---set up throughout the country. The most remarkable characteristic of the garments industries (c) ---the revolutionary change that has (d) ---in the lives of thousands of poor women across the country. Women who (e) ---to the household work suddenly (f) ---a new way of earning. A job at a garments factory (g) ---a woman not only a steady income but also independence and dignity. In a garments factory most of the workers have to (h) ---above ten hours a day. But still the women working here (i) ---happy as they think they are (j) ---their own living. 15. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2019] feel wash do want get notice take give pick climb One day Mina and her parrot, Mithu (a) ---a tall tree to pick a mango. She (b) ---the mango and (c) ---it to her mother. Although Mina had picked the mango, her mother (d) ---the largest share of the fruit to Raju. Mina (e)---very disappointed. At dinner Mina (f) ---that Raju as usual (g) ---an egg but she (h) ---not. Mithu was not pleased to see that. Mother (i) ---to see if the children (j) ---their hands before they started eating. 16. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2019] allow pass treat depend be do increase earn secure take Adult allowance (a)---a noble programme initiated by the present government. In most of the developed countries of the world this kind of programmed is (b) ---by the government. The government should pursue that their old age is (c) ---and comfortable. But in our country the adult are (d) ---on their own sons or daughters. The adult lose the ability to work and (e) ---at this age. They (f) ---offensively by their own issues. They have to (g) ---their days depend on others. The allowance should be (h) ---and the true needy (i) ---to have this allowance. It is expected that the local leader (j) ---their duty impartially to select the right person for this purpose. SSC Right Form of Verbs all boards 2019 Key 9. Answer: (a) inspires b) defend c) is d) is honoured e) thinks f) think g) die h) are remembered i) sacrificed j) will be honoured 10. 2. Answer: a) is known b) have c) sacrificed d) will remember e) working r) respects g) occurs h) stands i) should follow j) committing 11. 3. Answer: a) considered b) formed c) understanding d) owes e) take f) acquiring g) forget h) admit i) succeed j) respect 12. 4. Answer: memorizing b) make c) prepared d) exercise e) thinking f) develop g) command h) do i) claim j) help 13. 5. Answer: a) is facing b) has already created c) is trying d) solved e) making f) is g) helps h) doing i) engaging j) making 14. 6. Answer: a) emerged b) been c) is d) brought e) were confined f) found g) gives g) work i) are j) earning 15. 7. Answer: a) climbed b) picked c) took d) gave e) felt f) noticed g) got h) did i) wanted j) had washed 16. 8. Answer: a) is b) taken c) secured d) dependent e) earn f) are treated g) pass h) increased i) should be allowed j) do Answers with Explanation -2020 1. Dhaka & Sylhet Board-2020 (a) create / cause: Present Indefinite (general fact); plural subject phrase. (সাধারণ সত্য; প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট). Trans: ক্রমবর্ধমান সংখ্যক যানবাহন যানজটের সৃষ্টি করে। (b) occurs: Present Indefinite; singular pronoun "it". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject 'it'). Trans: প্রধানত এটি জনাকীর্ণ এলাকায় ঘটে। (c) causes / creates: Present Indefinite; singular subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject). Trans: ওভারটেক করার প্রবণতাও যানজটের সৃষ্টি করে। (d) violate: Present Indefinite; plural subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'Some drivers'). Trans: কিছু চালক ট্রাফিক নিয়ম লঙ্ঘন করে... (e) drive: Parallelism with base verb "violate". (আগের verb-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল). Trans: ...এবং বেপরোয়াভাবে গাড়ি চালায়। (f) gives: Present Indefinite; singular subject "It". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject 'It'). Trans: এটি মানুষকে অনেক কষ্ট দেয়। (g) carrying: Present participle modifying "Ambulances". ('Ambulances'-কে বর্ণনা করতে participle Adjective). Trans: রোগী বহনকারী অ্যাম্বুলেন্সগুলো... (h) reach: Modal "cannot" + base verb (V1). (Modal 'cannot'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: ...সময়মতো হাসপাতালে পৌঁছাতে পারে না। (i) suffer: Present Indefinite; plural compound subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: যানজটের কারণে শিক্ষার্থী ও অফিসগামী মানুষও ভোগান্তির শিকার হয়। (j) solved: Passive after modal ("should be + V3"). (সমস্যাটি সমাধান করতে হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: এই সমস্যার অবিলম্বে সমাধান করা উচিত। 2. Cumilla Board-2020 (also Rajshahi Board-2015) (a) confined / kept: Past Indefinite Passive ("were + V3"). (অতীতে তাদের বন্দি রাখা হতো, তাই Passive). Trans: ইতিহাস অনুযায়ী, অতীতে নারীদের চার দেওয়ালের মধ্যে বন্দি রাখা হতো। (b) are: Present Indefinite; plural subject "they". (বর্তমানের অবস্থা বোঝাতে are). Trans: কিন্তু বর্তমানে, তারা আর... বন্দি নেই। (c) developed: Present Perfect Passive ("have been + V3"). (সময়ের সাথে দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি বিকশিত হয়েছে, তাই Passive). Trans: সময়ের সাথে সাথে দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি ও মনোভাবের বিকাশ ঘটেছে... (d) adapting / adopting: Present Continuous ("are + V-ing"). (চলমান কাজ বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: ...কারণ নারী ও পুরুষ নিজেদেরকে পরিবর্তনশীল সমাজের সাথে মানিয়ে নিচ্ছেন। (e) receiving: Preposition "By" + gerund. (Preposition 'By'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: শিক্ষা গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে তারা পাইলট, ডাক্তার... হচ্ছেন। (f) becoming: Present Continuous for ongoing transition. (সমাজে চলমান পরিবর্তন বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: শিক্ষা গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে তারা পাইলট, ডাক্তার... হচ্ছেন। (g) working: Present Continuous ("are + V-ing"). (বর্তমান সক্রিয় অংশগ্রহণ বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: তারা সব যোগ্য কর্মসূচিতে পুরুষদের সাথে হাতে হাত মিলিয়ে কাজ করছেন। (h) prove: Adjective "able" + infinitive (to + V1). ('able'-এর পর infinitive বসে). Trans: তারা এখন নিজেদের যোগ্যতা প্রমাণ করতে সক্ষম। (i) are contributing / contribute: Present Continuous or Indefinite. (চলমান কাজ বা সাধারণ সত্য). Trans: তারা দেশের অর্থনীতিতে অনেক অবদান রাখছেন। (j) keeping / confining: Preposition "by" + gerund. (Preposition 'by'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: জনসংখ্যার অর্ধেককে বাড়িতে অলস বসিয়ে রেখে কোনো উন্নয়ন সম্ভব নয়। 3. Rajshahi Board-2020 (a) owe: Present Indefinite; plural subject "We". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'We'). Trans: ...উপহারগুলোর জন্য আমরা প্রকৃতির কাছে ঋণী। (b) bestowing: Preposition "for" + gerund. (Preposition 'for'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: প্রকৃতি আমাদের উদারভাবে যে উপহারগুলো দিয়েছে তার জন্য... (c) do not have: Present Indefinite negative. (অর্থের বৈপরীত্য বোঝাতে Negative Present Indefinite). Trans: আমাদের অনেক বড় ভূমি নেই... (d) belongs: Relative pronoun "that" refers to a singular noun phrase. (singular subject-কে নির্দেশ করায় -s যুক্ত). Trans: ...কিন্তু যে সামান্য পরিমাণ ভূমি আমাদের আছে, তা অত্যন্ত উর্বর। (e) should not be / must not be: Moral obligation (Modal + not be). (নৈতিক দায়িত্ব বোঝাতে Modal + not be). Trans: আমাদের মাটির প্রতি আমাদের অকৃতজ্ঞ হওয়া উচিত নয়। (f) show: Present Indefinite; plural subject "activities". (বর্তমান বাস্তবতা; plural subject). Trans: কিন্তু আমাদের কর্মকাণ্ড দেখায় যে... (g) been: Present Perfect ("have + V3"). (Present Perfect-এর গঠন; 'be' verb-এর V3). Trans: ...আমরা আমাদের মাটির প্রতি অকৃতজ্ঞ হয়েছি। (h) causing: Present Continuous ("are + V-ing") with "constantly". (ক্রমাগত কাজ বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: আমাদের অবিবেচকের মতো কাজের দ্বারা আমরা ক্রমাগত মাটি দূষণ ঘটাচ্ছি। (i) losing: Present Continuous ("is + V-ing") for ongoing change. (চলমান নেতিবাচক পরিবর্তন বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: এর ফলে আমাদের উর্বর জমি তার উর্বরতা হারাচ্ছে... (j) enabled: Present Perfect ("has + V3"). (যা সক্ষম করেছিল অর্থে Present Perfect). Trans: ...যা আমাদেরকে সহজে ফসল ফলাতে সক্ষম করেছিল। 4. Jashore Board-2020 (a) knows: Indefinite pronoun "Everybody" takes a singular verb. ('Everybody' singular হওয়ায় -s যুক্ত). Trans: সবাই জানে যে খাদ্যে ভেজাল দেওয়া একটি অপরাধ। (b) is: Present Indefinite fact; singular subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject). Trans: সবাই জানে যে খাদ্যে ভেজাল দেওয়া একটি অপরাধ। (c) causes: Present Indefinite; parallel to "is". ('is'-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল; singular subject). Trans: ভেজাল খাবার বিষাক্ত এবং এটি রোগের সৃষ্টি করে। (d) eating: Present participle modifying "People". ('People'-কে বর্ণনা করতে participle Adjective). Trans: যারা এই ধরনের খাবার খায় তারা... শিকার হয়। (e) fall: Present Indefinite; plural subject "People". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'People'). Trans: যারা এই ধরনের খাবার খায় তারা... শিকার হয়। (f) run: Parallelism in relative clause; plural antecedent "who". ('who' plural-কে নির্দেশ করায় মূল verb). Trans: কিছু ব্যবসায়ী যারা লোভী এবং কেবল টাকার পেছনে ছোটে... (g) do: Present Indefinite; plural subject "businessmen". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: ...তারাই এই জঘন্য কাজটি করে। (h) thrive (on): Present Indefinite; plural subject "They". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: তারা অন্যদের দুর্দশার ওপর ভর করে উন্নতি লাভ করে। (i) deserve: Present Indefinite; plural subject "They". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: তারা শাস্তির যোগ্য। (j) taken: Passive after modal ("should be + V3"). (পদক্ষেপগুলো নেওয়া হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: ...কিছু কঠোর ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা উচিত। 5. Barishal Board-2020 (a) refers: Present Indefinite definition; singular subject. (সংজ্ঞা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite; singular subject). Trans: লিঙ্গ সমতা বলতে এমন একটি অবস্থাকে বোঝায় যেখানে... (b) are treated: Passive Present Indefinite ("are + V3"). (সমাজ মূল্যায়ন করে, তাই Passive). Trans: ...নারী ও পুরুষ উভয়কেই সমান এবং ন্যায্যভাবে মূল্যায়ন করা হয়। (c) ensuring: Preposition "Without" + gerund. (Preposition 'Without'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: উভয়ের অংশগ্রহণ নিশ্চিত না করে... (d) cannot be imagined: Passive modal ("cannot be + V3"). (উন্নয়ন কল্পনা করা হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: ...সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়ন কল্পনা করা যায় না। (e) establishing: "with a view to" + gerund. ('with a view to'-এর পর সর্বদা V-ing). Trans: মানবাধিকার প্রতিষ্ঠার লক্ষ্যে লিঙ্গ বৈষম্য দূরীকরণ এখন সময়ের দাবি। (f) has taken: "already" implies Present Perfect. ('already' থাকায় Present Perfect). Trans: আমাদের সরকার ইতোমধ্যে... কিছু উদ্যোগ গ্রহণ করেছে... (g) keep: Modal "can" + base verb. (Modal 'can'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: ...যাতে নারীরা পুরুষদের সাথে তাল মিলিয়ে চলতে পারে। (h) creating: Present Continuous ("is + V-ing"). (চলমান অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: কিন্তু আমাদের সামাজিক কাঠামো নানাভাবে একটি বাধা সৃষ্টি করছে। (i) broaden / change: Modal "should" + base verb. (Modal 'should'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: আমাদের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি প্রসারিত করা উচিত... (j) eliminate: Infinitive of purpose (to + V1). (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে to + V1). Trans: ...এবং সমাজ থেকে লিঙ্গ বৈষম্য দূর করতে এগিয়ে আসা উচিত। 6. Chattogram Board-2020 (a) is considered: Passive Present Indefinite. (মানুষ একে বিবেচনা করে, তাই Passive). Trans: আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণকে একটি মহান শক্তি হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়। (b) breeds: Present Indefinite; singular subject "It". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject 'It'). Trans: এটি অন্যান্য সমস্ত গুণের জন্ম দেয়। (c) acts: Habitual action with "generally". (অভ্যাসগত কাজ; singular subject 'Man'). Trans: মানুষ সাধারণত আবেগ এবং তীব্র আকাঙ্ক্ষার বশবর্তী হয়ে কাজ করে। (d) damage: Present Indefinite; plural subject "desires". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'desires'). Trans: কলুষিত আকাঙ্ক্ষাগুলো হৃদয় ও মনের পবিত্রতা নষ্ট করে... (e) resulting (in): Present participle for consequence. (ফলাফল বোঝাতে participle V-ing). Trans: ...যার ফলশ্রুতিতে মানব প্রকৃতির অবক্ষয় ঘটে। (f) build / to build: "help" + bare/full infinitive. ('help'-এর পর V1 বা to + V1 বসে). Trans: আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণই একজন মানুষকে একটি খাঁটি চরিত্র গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে... (g) to rise: Adjective "essential" + infinitive of purpose. (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে infinitive). Trans: ...যা অমানবিকতার স্তর থেকে ওপরে ওঠার জন্য অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজনীয়। (h) be compared: Passive after modal ("can be + V3"). (তুলনা করা হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: অমানবিকতা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষেত্রে আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণের সাথে কোনো কিছুরই তুলনা করা যায় না। (i) overcome: Infinitive of purpose (to + V1). (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে to + V1). Trans: অমানবিকতা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষেত্রে আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণের সাথে কোনো কিছুরই তুলনা করা যায় না। (j) should endeavor / must endeavor: Modal for recommendation + base verb. (পরামর্শ বোঝাতে modal + V1). Trans: তাই, আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রিত হওয়ার জন্য সবার চেষ্টা করা উচিত। 7. Mymensingh Board-2020 (a) heard: Modal perfect "must have" + V3. ('must have'-এর পর সর্বদা V3 বসে). Trans: তোমরা নিশ্চয়ই কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের নাম শুনেছ। (b) is: Present Indefinite state. (স্থায়ী সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite). Trans: তিনি আমাদের জাতীয় কবি। (c) is known / is called: Passive Present Indefinite. (সমাজ তাকে চেনে, তাই Passive). Trans: তিনি বিদ্রোহী কবি হিসেবেও পরিচিত। (d) was born: Passive Past Indefinite for birth. (জন্মগ্রহণের ক্ষেত্রে passive 'was born' বসে). Trans: তিনি এক দরিদ্র পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। (e) hinder: Modal "could not" + base verb. (Modal 'could not'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: কিন্তু চরম অভাব তার সম্ভাবনাকে বাধাগ্রস্ত করতে পারেনি। (f) joined: Past Indefinite context. (অতীতের নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের ঘটনা, তাই Past Indefinite). Trans: যখন প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ শুরু হয়, তিনি সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগ দেন। (g) began / started: Past Indefinite sequence. (অতীতের ঘটনার ধারাবাহিকতা, তাই Past Indefinite). Trans: যুদ্ধের পর, তিনি কবিতা লিখতে শুরু করেন। (h) inspired: Past Indefinite signaled by "At that time". ('At that time' থাকায় অতীত কাল). Trans: সেই সময়ে, তার কবিতা ও গান মানুষকে নিপীড়নের বিরুদ্ধে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছিল। (i) is called / is known: Passive Present Indefinite. (বর্তমানের সত্য ও প্যাসিভ গঠন). Trans: তাকে বাংলা সাহিত্যের 'শেলি' বলা হয়। (j) remember: Modal "should" + base verb. (Modal 'should'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: তার মহৎ কাজের জন্য আমাদের তাকে স্মরণ করা উচিত। 8. Dinajpur Board-2020 (a) enlightens: Present Indefinite; singular subject. (চিরন্তন সত্য; singular subject). Trans: শিক্ষা মানবজাতিকে আলোকিত করে। (b) is compared: Passive Present Indefinite. (শিক্ষাকে তুলনা করা হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: একে আলোর সাথে তুলনা করা হয়... (c) removes: Present Indefinite; relative pronoun refers to singular "light". ('light' singular-কে নির্দেশ করায় -s যুক্ত). Trans: ...যা অজ্ঞতার অন্ধকার দূর করে... (d) limit: Present Indefinite; relative pronoun refers to plural "habits and attitudes". (plural-কে নির্দেশ করায় মূল verb). Trans: ...এমন অভ্যাস ও দৃষ্টিভঙ্গির সীমাবদ্ধতা... যা তার মানবিকতাকে সীমিত করে। (e) has started: Present Perfect (present relevance). (অতীতে শুরু হয়ে বর্তমানে প্রাসঙ্গিক, তাই Present Perfect). Trans: সরকার "শিক্ষার জন্য খাদ্য কর্মসূচি" শুরু করেছে... (f) gets / can get: "so that" clause for present aim. (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite বা modal + V1). Trans: ...যাতে প্রত্যেক মানুষ সঠিক শিক্ষা পায়। (g) encouraging / educating: "with a view to" + gerund. ('with a view to'-এর পর সর্বদা V-ing). Trans: গরিবদের উৎসাহিত করার উদ্দেশ্যেই সরকার এ ধরনের কর্মসূচি গ্রহণ করেছে। (h) ensure: "In order to" + base verb. ('In order to'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: শিক্ষা থেকে সর্বোচ্চ সুবিধা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য... (i) educate: Modal "must" + base verb. (Modal 'must'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: ...আমাদের অবশ্যই আমাদের সন্তানদের নৈতিকভাবে শিক্ষিত করতে হবে... (j) have: "so that" clause denoting result; plural subject "they". (ফলাফল বোঝাতে plural subject-এর সাথে মূল verb). Trans: ...যাতে তাদের মধ্যে মানবতার প্রতি ভালোবাসা থাকে। Answers with Explanation 2019 9. Dhaka Board-2019 (a) inspires: Present Indefinite (universal truth); "It" takes "-s". (চিরন্তন সত্য; 'It' singular). Trans: এটি মানুষকে শেষ রক্তবিন্দু বিসর্জন দিতে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। (b) defend: Infinitive of purpose (to + V1). (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে to + V1). Trans: দেশের স্বাধীনতা রক্ষার জন্য। (c) is: Present Indefinite (fact). (সাধারণ সত্য; 'A man' singular). Trans: দেশপ্রেমহীন মানুষ পশুর চেয়ে উত্তম নয়। (d) is honoured: Passive Present Indefinite. (মানুষ তাকে সম্মান করে, তাই Passive). Trans: প্রকৃত দেশপ্রেমিক সবার দ্বারা সম্মানিত হন। (e) thinks: Habitual action with "always". ('always' থাকায় Present Indefinite). Trans: তিনি সবসময় দেশের কল্যাণের কথা ভাবেন। (f) think: Plural subject "men" takes base verb. ('men' plural হওয়ায় মূল verb). Trans: অন্যদিকে, অদেশপ্রেমিকরা কেবল নিজেদের স্বার্থের কথা ভাবে। (g) die/sacrifice: Universal truth; "who" refers to plural "Those". ('Those' plural হওয়ায় মূল verb). Trans: যারা দেশের জন্য প্রাণ দেন, তারাই প্রকৃত দেশপ্রেমিক। (h) are remembered: Passive Present Indefinite. (মানুষ তাদের স্মরণ করে, তাই Passive). Trans: মৃত্যুর পরও তারা স্মরণীয় হয়ে থাকেন। (i) sacrificed: Past Indefinite due to "in 1971". ('in 1971' থাকায় অতীত কাল). Trans: এ কারণে ১৯৭১ সালে জীবন উৎসর্গকারী মুক্তিযোদ্ধারা আজও স্মরণীয়... (j) honoured / will be honoured: Parallel to "are remembered" (Passive V3). (আগের প্যাসিভ verb-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল). Trans: ...এবং চিরকাল সম্মানিত হবেন। 10. Cumilla Board-2019 (a) is known: Passive Present Indefinite. (ভালোবাসাকে দেশপ্রেম হিসেবে জানা হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: নিজের দেশের প্রতি ভালোবাসা দেশপ্রেম হিসেবে পরিচিত। (b) have: Modal "should" + base verb (V1). (Modal 'should'-এর পর V1). Trans: প্রত্যেকেরই দেশের প্রতি অগাধ ভালোবাসা থাকা উচিত। (c) sacrificed: Past Indefinite for a specific past "in 1971". ('in 1971' থাকায় অতীত কাল). Trans: ১৯৭১ সালে অনেক মুক্তিযোদ্ধা দেশের জন্য জীবন দেন। (d) will remember: Future Indefinite for a promise. (ভবিষ্যতের প্রতিশ্রুতি বোঝাতে Future Indefinite). Trans: দেশবাসী তাদের চিরকাল স্মরণ করবে। (e) working: Present Continuous with auxiliary "are". (চলমান কাজ বোঝাতে are + V-ing). Trans: কিছু মানুষ দেশের উন্নয়নে প্রতিনিয়ত কাজ করছেন। (f) respects: Indefinite pronoun "Everybody" is singular. ('Everybody' singular হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে -s). Trans: সবাই দেশপ্রেমিককে সম্মান করে। (g) occurs: Present Indefinite; singular subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject). Trans: দেশে প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ ঘটলে... (h) stands: Present Indefinite; singular subject "a patriot". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject). Trans: ...দেশপ্রেমিক ক্ষতিগ্রস্তদের পাশে দাঁড়ান। (i) should follow: Modal for advice/duty + V1. (পরামর্শ/দায়িত্ব বোঝাতে should + V1). Trans: আমাদের দেশপ্রেমিকদের পদাঙ্ক অনুসরণ করা উচিত। (j) committing: Preposition "from" + gerund. (Preposition 'from'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: দেশের ক্ষতিকর যেকোনো অপরাধ করা থেকে বিরত থাকা উচিত। 11. Rajshahi Board-2019 (a) considered: Passive Present Indefinite ("is + V3"). (সম্পর্ককে বিবেচনা করা হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানে শিক্ষক-শিক্ষার্থী সম্পর্ক সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হিসেবে বিবেচিত। (b) formed: Passive ("is + V3"). (সম্পর্ক গঠিত হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: এটি পারস্পরিক বোঝাপড়ার ভিত্তিতে গঠিত একটি সম্পর্ক। (c) understanding: Adjective "mutual" + noun/gerund. (Adjective-এর পর noun/gerund বসে). Trans: এটি পারস্পরিক বোঝাপড়ার ভিত্তিতে গঠিত একটি সম্পর্ক। (d) owes: Permanent state; singular subject. (স্থায়ী অবস্থা; singular subject 'A student'). Trans: শিক্ষার্থী সবসময় শিক্ষকদের কাছে ঋণী থাকে... (e) take: "cannot but" + base verb (V1). ('cannot but'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: ...কারণ জ্ঞান অর্জনে সে তাদের সাহায্য না নিয়ে পারে না। (f) acquiring: Preposition "of" + gerund. (Preposition 'of'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: ...কারণ জ্ঞান অর্জনে সে তাদের সাহায্য না নিয়ে পারে না। (g) forget / disrespect: Present Indefinite; plural subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'students'). Trans: সংবেদনশীল শিক্ষার্থীরা কখনো শিক্ষকদের ভোলেন না। (h) admit: Present Indefinite; plural subject "they". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject 'they'). Trans: তারা স্মরণীয় শিক্ষকদের ভূমিকা স্বীকার করে... (i) succeed: "help" + object + base verb/infinitive. ('help'-এর পর bare infinitive (V1) বসে). Trans: ...যা তাদের জীবনে সফল হতে সাহায্য করে। (j) respect: Habitual "always"; plural subject. ('always' থাকায় Present Indefinite). Trans: তাই, তারা সবসময় শিক্ষকদের সম্মান করে। 12. Jashore Board-2019 (a) memorizing: Preposition "in" + gerund. (Preposition 'in'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: আমাদের দেশের বেশিরভাগ শিক্ষার্থী উত্তর মুখস্থ করায় পারদর্শী। (b) make / prepare: Auxiliary "do not" + base verb (V1). ('do not'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: তারা নিজেরা নোট তৈরি করে না। (c) prepared: Causative "get" + object + V3. (Causative 'get' + বস্তুবাচক object + V3). Trans: তারা গৃহশিক্ষকদের দিয়ে সেগুলো প্রস্তুত করিয়ে নেয়। (d) exercise: Present Indefinite; plural subject "tutors". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: গৃহশিক্ষকরা শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য নিজেদের মেধা খাটান। (e) thinking: Present participle modifying noun "power". ('power' noun-কে বর্ণনা করতে participle Adjective). Trans: ফলে শিক্ষার্থীদের চিন্তাশক্তির বিকাশ ঘটে না। (f) develop: Auxiliary "does not" + base verb. ('does not'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: ফলে শিক্ষার্থীদের চিন্তাশক্তির বিকাশ ঘটে না। (g) command: Determiner "any" + noun. ('any'-এর পর noun বসে). Trans: নিজেদের ভাষার ওপর তাদের কোনো দখল থাকে না। (h) do: Present Indefinite; plural subject "They". (সাধারণ সত্য; plural subject). Trans: তারা অবশ্যই পরীক্ষায় ভালো করে। (i) claim: Modal "can" + base verb. (Modal 'can'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: কিন্তু এর জন্য তারা নিজেদের কোনো কৃতিত্ব দাবি করতে পারে না। (j) help: Auxiliary "does not" + base verb. ('does not'-এর পর সর্বদা V1 বসে). Trans: এই ফলাফল পরবর্তী জীবনে তাদের কোনো কাজে আসে না। 13. Sylhet Board-2019 (Jashore-2016) (a) is facing: "At present" implies Present Continuous. ('At present' থাকায় চলমান কাজ বোঝায়). Trans: বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশ বেকারত্ব সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হচ্ছে। (b) has already created: "already" implies Present Perfect. ('already' থাকায় Present Perfect). Trans: এই সমস্যাটি ইতোমধ্যেই এক উদ্বেগজনক আকার ধারণ করেছে। (c) is trying: Present Continuous for ongoing effort. (বর্তমান প্রচেষ্টা বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: সরকার এই সমস্যা মোকাবিলার চেষ্টা করছে। (d) solved: Passive after modal ("cannot be + V3"). (সমস্যা নিজে সমাধান হয় না, তাই Passive). Trans: কিন্তু বেকারদের দক্ষ না করে এই সমস্যার সমাধান সম্ভব নয়। (e) making: Preposition "without" + gerund. (Preposition 'without'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: কিন্তু বেকারদের দক্ষ না করে এই সমস্যার সমাধান সম্ভব নয়। (f) is: Present Indefinite necessity; singular subject. (বর্তমান প্রয়োজনীয়তা বোঝাতে is). Trans: তাই, শিক্ষা অপরিহার্য। (g) helps: Present Indefinite fact; singular pronoun "It". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject 'It'). Trans: এটি মানুষকে চাকরি পেতে সাহায্য করে। (h) doing: "mean" + gerund to express implication. (তাৎপর্য বোঝাতে 'mean'-এর পর V-ing). Trans: চাকরি মানে কেবল অফিসের কাজ করা নয়। (i) engaging: "means" + gerund object. ('means'-এর পর অবজেক্ট হিসেবে V-ing). Trans: এর অর্থ অর্থনৈতিক কর্মকাণ্ডে নিজেকে নিয়োজিত করা। (j) making: "with a view to" + gerund (exception rule). ('with a view to'-এর পর সর্বদা V-ing). Trans: যুবকদের স্বাবলম্বী করার উদ্দেশ্যে সরকার সহায়তা দিচ্ছে। 14. Barishal Board-2019 (a) emerged: Present Perfect ("have + V3"). (অতীত থেকে বর্তমান পর্যন্ত বিকাশ বোঝাতে Present Perfect). Trans: গত দশ বছরে পোশাক শিল্প বৃহত্তম বৈদেশিক মুদ্রা অর্জনকারী খাত হিসেবে আবির্ভূত হয়েছে। (b) been: Present Perfect Passive ("have been + V3"). (কারখানাগুলো স্থাপিত হয়েছে, তাই Passive). Trans: সারা দেশে শত শত পোশাক কারখানা স্থাপিত হয়েছে। (c) is: Present Indefinite; singular subject "characteristic". (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject). Trans: এর সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য বৈশিষ্ট্য হলো সেই বৈপ্লবিক পরিবর্তন... (d) been brought / occurred: Present Perfect Passive or Active. (পরিবর্তন 'এসেছে' বা 'আনা হয়েছে'). Trans: ...যা সারা দেশের হাজার হাজার দরিদ্র নারীর জীবনে এসেছে। (e) were confined: Past Indefinite Passive (past state). (অতীতে তারা আবদ্ধ ছিল, তাই Passive). Trans: গৃহস্থালির কাজে আবদ্ধ নারীরা হঠাৎ উপার্জনের নতুন পথ খুঁজে পেয়েছেন। (f) found: Past Indefinite for a narrative discovery. (গল্পের মাঝে নতুন কিছু আবিষ্কার বোঝাতে Past Indefinite). Trans: গৃহস্থালির কাজে আবদ্ধ নারীরা হঠাৎ উপার্জনের নতুন পথ খুঁজে পেয়েছেন। (g) gives: Present Indefinite fact; singular subject. (সাধারণ সত্য; singular subject 'A job'). Trans: কারখানার চাকরি নারীকে কেবল আয়ই নয়, স্বাধীনতা ও মর্যাদাও দেয়। (h) work: Modal phrase "have to" + base verb. (বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝাতে 'have to'-এর পর V1). Trans: কারখানায় বেশিরভাগ কর্মীকে দিনে দশ ঘণ্টার বেশি কাজ করতে হয়। (i) are: Present Indefinite; plural subject "women". (সাধারণ অবস্থা; plural subject). Trans: তবুও এখানে কাজ করা নারীরা আনন্দিত... (j) earning: Present Continuous ("are + V-ing") for active role. (তাদের চলমান সক্রিয় ভূমিকা বোঝাতে Present Continuous). Trans: ...কারণ তারা মনে করেন তারা নিজেদের জীবিকা নিজেরাই উপার্জন করছেন। 15. Chattogram Board-2019 (a) climbed: "One day" implies Past Indefinite. ('One day' থাকায় অতীত কাল). Trans: একদিন মিনা ও তার তোতাপাখি মিঠু আম পাড়তে গাছে উঠল। (b) picked: Past Indefinite (narrative sequence). (গল্পের ধারাবাহিকতায় Past Indefinite). Trans: সে আমটি পাড়ল এবং মাকে দিল। (c) took / gave: Parallel to "picked" (Past Indefinite). (আগের verb-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল Past Indefinite). Trans: সে আমটি পাড়ল এবং মাকে দিল। (d) gave: Past Indefinite for the subsequent action. (আগে আম পাড়া হয়েছিল, এরপর মা আম দিলেন, তাই Past Indefinite). Trans: মিনা আম পেড়েলেও মা বড় অংশটি রাজুকে দিলেন। (e) felt: Past Indefinite for emotional reaction. (অতীতের মানসিক অবস্থা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite). Trans: মিনা খুব হতাশ হয়েছিল। (f) noticed: Past Indefinite narrative action. (ঘটনাপ্রবাহের অতীত কাজ). Trans: রাতের খাবারে মিনা খেয়াল করল যে... (g) got: Past Indefinite in a "that" clause. (অতীতের ক্লজের অংশ হওয়ায় এটিও Past Indefinite). Trans: ...রাজু যথারীতি একটি ডিম পেয়েছে কিন্তু সে পায়নি। (h) did: Negative Past Indefinite uses auxiliary "did". (অতীতের নেতিবাচক রূপে auxiliary 'did' বসে). Trans: ...রাজু যথারীতি একটি ডিম পেয়েছে কিন্তু সে পায়নি। (i) wanted: Past Indefinite desire. (অতীতের ইচ্ছা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite). Trans: মা দেখতে চেয়েছিলেন... (j) had washed: "before" connects two past actions; earlier is Past Perfect. ('before'-এর আগের কাজ Past Perfect হয়). Trans: ...খেতে বসার আগে বাচ্চারা হাত ধুয়েছে কি না। 16. Dinajpur Board-2019 (a) is: Present Indefinite fact; singular subject. (বর্তমান সত্য; singular subject). Trans: বয়স্ক ভাতা বর্তমান সরকারের একটি মহৎ কর্মসূচি। (b) taken: Passive Present Indefinite ("is + V3"). (কর্মসূচিটি সরকারের দ্বারা গৃহীত হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: উন্নত দেশগুলোতে সরকার এ ধরনের কর্মসূচি গ্রহণ করে। (c) secured: Past participle as adjective complement. ('old age'-কে বর্ণনা করতে participle Adjective). Trans: সরকারের উচিত বার্ধক্য নিরাপদ ও আরামদায়ক করা নিশ্চিত করা। (d) dependent: "be" verb ("are") + adjective complement. ('be' verb-এর পর Adjective 'dependent' বসে). Trans: কিন্তু আমাদের দেশে বয়স্করা সন্তানদের ওপর নির্ভরশীল। (e) earn: Parallel to infinitive "to work" (base verb). ('to work'-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল হওয়ায় V1). Trans: এ বয়সে তারা কাজ ও উপার্জনের সামর্থ্য হারায়। (f) are treated: Passive Present Indefinite. (সন্তানরা তাদের সাথে খারাপ আচরণ করে, তাই Passive). Trans: তারা নিজেদের সন্তানদের দ্বারাই আপত্তিকর আচরণের শিকার হন। (g) pass: Modal "have to" + base verb (V1). (বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝাতে 'have to'-এর পর V1). Trans: অন্যদের ওপর নির্ভর করে তাদের দিন কাটাতে হয়। (h) increased: Passive after modal ("should be + V3"). (ভাতা নিজে বাড়ে না, বাড়াতে হয়, তাই Passive). Trans: ভাতা বাড়ানো উচিত... (i) should be allowed: Passive modal recommendation. (অভাবীদের সুযোগ দেওয়া উচিত বোঝাতে Passive modal). Trans: ...এবং প্রকৃত অভাবীদের তা পাওয়ার সুযোগ দেওয়া উচিত। (j) do / will do / should do: Expectation (Subjunctive/Future/Modal). (প্রত্যাশা বোঝাতে Subjunctive/Future/Modal). Trans: আশা করা যায় সঠিক ব্যক্তি নির্বাচনে স্থানীয় নেতারা নিরপেক্ষভাবে দায়িত্ব পালন করবেন।

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination HSC All Board Questions 2018 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018] If all the children of Bangladesh (a)--- (go) to school, the country (b)--- (get) rid of the curse of illiteracy. To boost up education, the government (c)--- (spend) more money. Subsidies must (d)--- (give) in the education sector. Teachers (e)--- (need) to (f)--- (train) for good teaching. The poor students can (g) — (bring) under “Food for Education” programme. We (h)--- (take) care that no institution (i)--- (close) down due to political clashes. All concerned (j)--- (be) conscious about it. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[HSC Exam-Kha Set-2018] Trees contribute a lot to maintain ecological balance. A month-long tree fair (a) — (begin) in Kurigram stadium recently. It (b) — (organize) by the local administration and the Department of Social Forestation. The fair (c) — (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of Kurigram. It was also addressed by other speakers who (d) — (emphasize) the need for planting more trees. The chief guest in his speech (e) — (put) importance on planting trees so that we (f) — (save) our environment from other effects of climate change and natural disasters. A huge procession (g) — (parade) through the streets of the town after the inaugural session. Various government and non-government organizations (h) — (set) up stalls displaying saplings of different varieties. Cultural functions (i) — (arrange) every night (j) — (inspire) people to plant trees. HSC All Board Questions 2017 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2022] Road mishap (a) — (happen) in our country almost every day. Recently it (b) — (rise) to an alarming rate (c) — (take) a heavy toll on human lives. The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) — (travel) in a bus. In most cases, reckless driving (e) — (cause) road accidents. The drivers are in the habit of (f) — (violate) traffic rules. Road accidents can be (g) — (lessen) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. People should be conscious in this respect. While (h) — (cross) the road, they should be careful. Some people travel (i) — (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Traffic rules must be maintained strictly with a view to (j) — (control) road accidents. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Rajshahi Board-2017] It has been over three hundred years since emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) — (build) the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife in Agra. Architecturally, it (b) — (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building (c) — (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. It (d) — (have) eight sides and many open arches. It (e) — (rest) on a platform of a terrace of red sandstone. Four slender white towers (f) — (rise) from the corners of the terrace. A large dome (g) — (stand) above the centre of the building. Around this large dome there (h) — (be) four smaller domes. Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors (i) — (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) — (lie) in two graves below this room. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Cumilla Board-2017] English (a) — (be) the most widely used international language. It (b) — (learn) to communicate with the foreigners for various purposes such as (c) — (maintain) co-operation, co-existence and exchanging business information. There are also certain jobs which (d) — (require) good functional knowledge of English. The jobs of a pilot, a postman, a telephone operator, a tour guide, a mechanic, a receptionist of an international hotel, an executive of a multinational firm, etc. (e) — (be) a few of them. Besides, a student (f) — (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English because the books on advanced education are mostly (g) — ( write) in English. So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can, in no way, be (h) — (ignore). Rather, we should (i) — (put) high importance on (j) — (learn) English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Jashore Board-2017; Dinajpur Board-2019; Mymensingh Board-2022] Most of the people who (a) — (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history (b) — (be) great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really (c) — (help) civilization forward are often never (d) — (mention) at all. We do not know who first (e) — (set) a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat or (f) — (calculate) the length of a year, but we (g) — (know) all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in great cities of the world you (h) — (find) figures of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think that most people (i) — (believe) that the greatest countries are those that (j) —(beat) in the battle the greatest number of countries and ruled over them as conquerors. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Sylhet Board-2017] Jerry is an orphan. He (a) — (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. He (b) — (lose) his parents in his infancy. Then, he (c) — (commit) to the care of the orphanage. He could hardly (d) — (recollect) his parents’ memory. In spite of (e) — (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. His inimitable morality (f) — (draw) him close to the writer. The writer (g) — (impress) with him. She started (h) — (show) affection for him. Jerry (i) — (take) her for his mother. He fabricated a lie (j) — (win) her heart. 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Barishal Board-2017] Air (a) — (be) an important element of the environment. But it is constantly being (b) — (pollute) in many ways. We make a fire to cook food and (c) — (do) many works. This fire emits smoke which (d) — (contaminate) air. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) — (burn) fuel. Air pollution also (f) — (happen) when coal and oil (g) — (burn). Mills and factories can be (h) — (hold) responsible for this pollution. It is high time we (i) — (check) air pollution. Otherwise, we (j) — (suffer) a lot. 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Chattogram Board-2017] The Liberation War of Bangladesh inspired many artists, singers and cultural activists. Eminent artiste Shaheen Samad (a) — (join) Bangladesh Mukti Sangrami Shilpi Sangstha during the Liberation War. She along with others (b) — (inspire) millions with her voice (c) — (raise) funds for the refugee camps. The cultural troupe used to (d) — (travel) to refugee camps and different areas in Mukta’ Anchal. They (e) — (perform) patriotic songs and arranged puppet shows, besides, (f) — (stage) dramas. Shaheen Samad said, “Liberation War always (g) — (be) an inspiration for me.” She sang a lot of songs during that time and now (h) — (feel) honoured to have been able to inspire the freedom fighters. She has the memorable harmonium with which she sang in 1971. Now she (i) — (wish) to hand it over to Liberation War Museum. This eminent artist wants a live performance of those moving songs on TV channel, at least one song in a week and thus (j) — (cover) all the year-round. 8. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Dinajpur Board-2017] In the last autumn vacation I (a) — (get) sufficient time. So I (b) — (make) up my mind to make a journey by Dhaka to Chattogram. I (c) — (reach) the station about half an hour before the departure of the train. It (d) — (be) then a very busy time. Rickshaw, motorcars and other vehicles (e) — (come) to the station with passengers. Coolies (f) — (run) behind them. There (g) — (be) shouts and rush of the passengers and the coolies. After some time hearing a whistle, the passengers (h) — (stand) in a queue before the ticket counter. I also (i) — (stand) in the line and (j) — (buy) a second class ticket. Key HSC All Board Questions 2018 with Answer 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018] If all the children of Bangladesh (a)--- (go) to school, the country (b)--- (get) rid of the curse of illiteracy. To boost up education, the government (c)--- (spend) more money. Subsidies must (d)--- (give) in the education sector. Teachers (e)--- (need) to (f)--- (train) for good teaching. The poor students can (g) — (bring) under “Food for Education” programme. We (h)--- (take) care that no institution (i)--- (close) down due to political clashes. All concerned (j)--- (be) conscious about it. Answer: (a) go (b) will get (c) should spend (d) be given (e) need (f) be trained (g) be brought (h) must take (i) will be closed/ might be closed (j) must be/ should be 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[HSC Exam-Kha Set-2018] Trees contribute a lot to maintain ecological balance. A month-long tree fair (a) — (begin) in Kurigram stadium recently. It (b) — (organize) by the local administration and the Department of Social Forestation. The fair (c) — (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of Kurigram. It was also addressed by other speakers who (d) — (emphasize) the need for planting more trees. The chief guest in his speech (e) — (put) importance on planting trees so that we (f) — (save) our environment from other effects of climate change and natural disasters. A huge procession (g) — (parade) through the streets of the town after the inaugural session. Various government and non-government organizations (h) — (set) up stalls displaying saplings of different varieties. Cultural functions (i) — (arrange) every night (j) — (inspire) people to plant trees. Answer: (a) has begun (b) has been organized/ is organised (c) was inaugurated (d) emphasized (e) put (f) could/ might save (g) was paraded/ paraded (h) have set/ set (i) are arranged (j) to inspire/ inspiring HSC All Board Questions 2017 with Answer 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2022] Road mishap (a) — (happen) in our country almost every day. Recently it (b) — (rise) to an alarming rate (c) — (take) a heavy toll on human lives. The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) — (travel) in a bus. In most cases, reckless driving (e) — (cause) road accidents. The drivers are in the habit of (f) — (violate) traffic rules. Road accidents can be (g) — (lessen) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. People should be conscious in this respect. While (h) — (cross) the road, they should be careful. Some people travel (i) — (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Traffic rules must be maintained strictly with a view to (j) — (control) road accidents. Answer: (a) happens (b) has risen (c) taking (d) travels (e) causes (f) violating (g) lessened (h) crossing (i) climbing (j) controlling 2.Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context [Rajshahi Board-2017] It has been over three hundred years since emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) — (build) the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife in Agra. Architecturally, it (b) — (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building (c) — (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. It (d) — (have) eight sides and many open arches. It (e) — (rest) on a platform of a terrace of red sandstone. Four slender white towers (f) — (rise) from the corners of the terrace. A large dome (g) — (stand) above the centre of the building. Around this large dome there (h) — (be) four smaller domes. Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors (i) — (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) — (lie) in two graves below this room. Answer: (a) built (b) is c) is/ was made (d) has (e) rises (f) have risen/ rise (g) stands (h) are (i) look/can look (j) lie 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Cumilla Board-2017] English (a) — (be) the most widely used international language. It (b) — (learn) to communicate with the foreigners for various purposes such as (c) — (maintain) co-operation, co-existence and exchanging business information. There are also certain jobs which (d) — (require) good functional knowledge of English. The jobs of a pilot, a postman, a telephone operator, a tour guide, a mechanic, a receptionist of an international hotel, an executive of a multinational firm, etc. (e) — (be) a few of them. Besides, a student (f) — (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English because the books on advanced education are mostly (g) — ( write) in English. So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can, in no way, be (h) — (ignore). Rather, we should (i) — (put) high importance on (j) — (learn) English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. Answer: (a) is (b) is learnt (c) maintaining (d) require (e) are (f) wishing (g) written (h) ignored (i) put (j) learning 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Jashore Board-2017; Dinajpur Board-2019; Mymensingh Board-2022] Most of the people who (a) — (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history (b) — (be) great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really (c) — (help) civilization forward are often never (d) — (mention) at all. We do not know who first (e) — (set) a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat or (f) — (calculate) the length of a year, but we (g) — (know) all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in great cities of the world you (h) — (find) figures of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think that most people (i) — (believe) that the greatest countries are those that (j) —(beat) in the battle the greatest number of countries and ruled over them as conquerors. Answer: (a) appear (b) are (c) help (d) mentioned (e) set (f) calculated (g) know (h) can/may/will find (i) believe (j) beat 5.Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context [Sylhet Board-2017] Jerry is an orphan. He (a) — (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. He (b) — (lose) his parents in his infancy. Then, he (c) — (commit) to the care of the orphanage. He could hardly (d) — (recollect) his parents’ memory. In spite of (e) — (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. His inimitable morality (f) — (draw) him close to the writer. The writer (g) — (impress) with him. She started (h) — (show) affection for him. Jerry (i) — (take) her for his mother. He fabricated a lie (j) — (win) her heart. Answer: (a) came (b) lost (c) was committed (d) recollect (e) being (f) drew/ had drawn (g) was impressed (h) showing (i) took (j) to win 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Barishal Board-2017] Air (a) — (be) an important element of the environment. But it is constantly being (b) — (pollute) in many ways. We make a fire to cook food and (c) — (do) many works. This fire emits smoke which (d) — (contaminate) air. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) — (burn) fuel. Air pollution also (f) — (happen) when coal and oil (g) — (burn). Mills and factories can be (h) — (hold) responsible for this pollution. It is high time we (i) — (check) air pollution. Otherwise, we (j) — (suffer) a lot. Answer: (a) is (b) polluted (c) do (d) contaminates (e) burning (f) happens (g) are burnt (h) held (i) checked (j) will suffer 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Chattogram Board-2017] The Liberation War of Bangladesh inspired many artists, singers and cultural activists. Eminent artiste Shaheen Samad (a) — (join) Bangladesh Mukti Sangrami Shilpi Sangstha during the Liberation War. She along with others (b) — (inspire) millions with her voice (c) — (raise) funds for the refugee camps. The cultural troupe used to (d) — (travel) to refugee camps and different areas in Mukta’ Anchal. They (e) — (perform) patriotic songs and arranged puppet shows, besides, (f) — (stage) dramas. Shaheen Samad said, “Liberation War always (g) — (be) an inspiration for me.” She sang a lot of songs during that time and now (h) — (feel) honoured to have been able to inspire the freedom fighters. She has the memorable harmonium with which she sang in 1971. Now she (i) — (wish) to hand it over to Liberation War Museum. This eminent artist wants a live performance of those moving songs on TV channel, at least one song in a week and thus (j) — (cover) all the year-round. Answer: (a) joined (b) inspired/ inspiring (c) raised/to raise (d) travel (e) performed (f) staged/ staging (g) is/ has been (h) feels (i) wishes j) covers/ will covers 8.Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context [Dinajpur Board-2017] In the last autumn vacation I (a) — (get) sufficient time. So I (b) — (make) up my mind to make a journey by Dhaka to Chattogram. I (c) — (reach) the station about half an hour before the departure of the train. It (d) — (be) then a very busy time. Rickshaw, motorcars and other vehicles (e) — (come) to the station with passengers. Coolies (f) — (run) behind them. There (g) — (be) shouts and rush of the passengers and the coolies. After some time hearing a whistle, the passengers (h) — (stand) in a queue before the ticket counter. I also (i) — (stand) in the line and (j) — (buy) a second class ticket. Answer: (a) got (b) made (c) reached (d) was (e) came/ were coming (f) ran/ were running (g) were (h) stood (i) stood (j) bought Answers with Explanation 1. HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018 (a) Sentence: If all the children of Bangladesh (a)--- (go) to school... Answer: go Explanation: This is a First Conditional sentence ("If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite"). The subject "all the children" is plural, so it takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি First Conditional-এর গঠন ("If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite")। সাবজেক্ট "all the children" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যদি বাংলাদেশের সব শিশু স্কুলে যায়, তবে দেশটি নিরক্ষরতার অভিশাপ থেকে মুক্তি পাবে। (b) Sentence: ...the country (b)--- (get) rid of the curse of illiteracy. Answer: will get Explanation: The main clause of a First Conditional sentence takes the Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: First Conditional বাক্যের মূল ক্লজটি Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1) হয়। Sentence Translation: যদি বাংলাদেশের সব শিশু স্কুলে যায়, তবে দেশটি নিরক্ষরতার অভিশাপ থেকে মুক্তি পাবে। (c) Sentence: To boost up education, the government (c)--- (spend) more money. Answer: should spend / must spend Explanation: Contextual necessity. To express duty or strong recommendation, a modal verb like "should" or "must" is used before the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী এটি একটি প্রয়োজনীয়তা বা কর্তব্য। তাই মূল verb-এর আগে modal verb "should" বা "must" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষাকে ত্বরান্বিত করতে সরকারের আরও বেশি অর্থ ব্যয় করা উচিত। (d) Sentence: Subsidies must (d)--- (give) in the education sector. Answer: be given Explanation: Passive voice after a modal verb ("must be + V3"). Subsidies do not give themselves; they are given by the government. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice ("must be + V3")। ভর্তুকি নিজে নিজে দেওয়া যায় না, সরকার দেয়, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা খাতে অবশ্যই ভর্তুকি দিতে হবে। (e) Sentence: Teachers (e)--- (need) to... Answer: need Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a general requirement. The plural subject "Teachers" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ প্রয়োজনীয়তা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Teachers"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ভালো পাঠদানের জন্য শিক্ষকদের প্রশিক্ষণের প্রয়োজন। (f) Sentence: ...to (f)--- (train) for good teaching. Answer: be trained Explanation: Passive infinitive ("to be + V3"). Teachers receive the training from others; they do not train themselves in this context. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive infinitive ("to be + V3")। শিক্ষকরা নিজেরা নিজেদের প্রশিক্ষণ দেন না, তাদের প্রশিক্ষণ দেওয়া হয়। Sentence Translation: ভালো পাঠদানের জন্য শিক্ষকদের প্রশিক্ষণের প্রয়োজন। (g) Sentence: The poor students can (g) — (bring) under “Food for Education” programme. Answer: be brought Explanation: Passive voice after a modal ("can be + V3"). Students are brought under the program by the authorities. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice ("can be + V3")। কর্তৃপক্ষ শিক্ষার্থীদের এই কর্মসূচির আওতায় আনে। Sentence Translation: দরিদ্র শিক্ষার্থীদের "শিক্ষার জন্য খাদ্য" কর্মসূচির আওতায় আনা যেতে পারে। (h) Sentence: We (h)--- (take) care that... Answer: must take / should take Explanation: Expressing obligation or strong recommendation. Modals like "must" or "should" are followed by the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাধ্যবাধকতা বা পরামর্শ বোঝাতে Modal verb "must" বা "should"-এর পর মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের অবশ্যই খেয়াল রাখতে হবে যেন রাজনৈতিক সংঘর্ষের কারণে কোনো শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান বন্ধ না হয়। (i) Sentence: ...that no institution (i)--- (close) down due to political clashes. Answer: will be closed / might be closed / is closed Explanation: Passive voice ("will be/is + V3"). Institutions are closed by external factors (clashes). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Passive voice। বাহ্যিক কারণে (সংঘর্ষের কারণে) প্রতিষ্ঠান বন্ধ হয়, তাই এটি Passive ফর্মে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের অবশ্যই খেয়াল রাখতে হবে যেন রাজনৈতিক সংঘর্ষের কারণে কোনো শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান বন্ধ না হয়। (j) Sentence: All concerned (j)--- (be) conscious about it. Answer: must be / should be Explanation: Expressing duty or necessity. The modal "must" or "should" is followed by the base form of the 'be' verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কর্তব্য বা প্রয়োজনীয়তা বোঝাতে Modal "must" বা "should"-এর পর 'be' verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: এ বিষয়ে সংশ্লিষ্ট সবাইকে অবশ্যই সচেতন হতে হবে। 2. HSC Exam-Kha Set-2018 (a) Sentence: A month-long tree fair (a) — (begin) in Kurigram stadium recently. Answer: has begun Explanation: The word "recently" indicates a completed action with a present connection, strictly requiring the Present Perfect Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "recently" (সম্প্রতি) শব্দটি Present Perfect Tense নির্দেশ করে, কারণ কাজটি শেষ হলেও এর প্রভাব বর্তমান। Sentence Translation: সম্প্রতি কুড়িগ্রাম স্টেডিয়ামে মাসব্যাপী বৃক্ষমেলা শুরু হয়েছে। (b) Sentence: It (b) — (organize) by the local administration and the Department of Social Forestation. Answer: has been organized / is organized Explanation: Passive voice in Present Perfect Tense ("has been + V3"). The fair is organized by others (indicated by "by"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Tense-এর Passive voice ("has been + V3")। মেলাটি অন্যদের দ্বারা ("by" দ্বারা নির্দেশিত) আয়োজিত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি স্থানীয় প্রশাসন এবং সামাজিক বনায়ন অধিদপ্তর দ্বারা আয়োজিত হয়েছে। (c) Sentence: The fair (c) — (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of Kurigram. Answer: was inaugurated Explanation: The word "yesterday" indicates the Past Indefinite Tense. It is in the passive voice ("was + V3") because the fair received the action of inauguration. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "yesterday" (গতকাল) শব্দটি Past Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। মেলাটি নিজে নিজে উদ্বোধন হয়নি, তাই এটি Passive voice ("was + V3") হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: গতকাল কুড়িগ্রামের ডিসি মেলাটির উদ্বোধন করেন। (d) Sentence: It was also addressed by other speakers who (d) — (emphasize) the need for planting more trees. Answer: emphasized Explanation: The narrative is in the past tense ("was addressed"), so the relative clause describing what the speakers did must also be in the Past Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি অতীত কালের বর্ণনায় রয়েছে ("was addressed"), তাই বক্তারা যা করেছিলেন তা বোঝাতেও Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অন্যান্য বক্তারাও এতে বক্তব্য রাখেন, যারা আরও বেশি গাছ লাগানোর প্রয়োজনীয়তার ওপর জোর দিয়েছিলেন। (e) Sentence: The chief guest in his speech (e) — (put) importance on planting trees... Answer: put Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense continuing the narrative. The past form of "put" is "put". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীত বর্ণনার ধারাবাহিকতায় এটি Past Indefinite Tense। "put" verb-টির পাস্ট ফর্মও "put"। Sentence Translation: প্রধান অতিথি তাঁর বক্তৃতায় গাছ লাগানোর ওপর গুরুত্বারোপ করেন যাতে আমরা আমাদের পরিবেশকে জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের অন্যান্য প্রভাব ও প্রাকৃতিক বিপর্যয় থেকে বাঁচাতে পারি। (f) Sentence: ...so that we (f) — (save) our environment from other effects of climate change... Answer: could save / might save Explanation: The clause introduced by "so that" referring to a past action ("put") takes "could" or "might" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "so that" দ্বারা যুক্ত ক্লজটির আগের অংশ অতীত কালে ("put") থাকায়, পরের অংশে "could" বা "might" + মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: প্রধান অতিথি তাঁর বক্তৃতায় গাছ লাগানোর ওপর গুরুত্বারোপ করেন যাতে আমরা আমাদের পরিবেশকে জলবায়ু পরিবর্তনের অন্যান্য প্রভাব ও প্রাকৃতিক বিপর্যয় থেকে বাঁচাতে পারি। (g) Sentence: A huge procession (g) — (parade) through the streets of the town after the inaugural session. Answer: paraded / was paraded Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing an event that happened "after the inaugural session". Active voice is preferred ("paraded"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্বোধনী পর্বের পরের একটি অতীত ঘটনা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। এখানে Active voice বেশি মানানসই ("paraded")। Sentence Translation: উদ্বোধনী পর্বের পর শহরের রাস্তা প্রদক্ষিণ করে এক বিশাল শোভাযাত্রা। (h) Sentence: Various government and non-government organizations (h) — (set) up stalls displaying saplings... Answer: have set / set Explanation: Present Perfect (action relevant to the ongoing fair) or Past Indefinite (action completed yesterday) fits the context. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চলমান মেলার সাথে প্রাসঙ্গিক কাজ বোঝাতে Present Perfect অথবা গতকালের সম্পূর্ণ কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense বসতে পারে। Sentence Translation: বিভিন্ন সরকারি ও বেসরকারি প্রতিষ্ঠান বিভিন্ন জাতের চারা প্রদর্শন করে স্টল স্থাপন করেছে। (i) Sentence: Cultural functions (i) — (arrange) every night... Answer: are arranged Explanation: The phrase "every night" indicates a routine action requiring Present Indefinite Tense. It is in the passive voice because functions are arranged by organizers. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "every night" (প্রতি রাতে) রুটিন কাজ বোঝায়, তাই Present Indefinite Tense। অনুষ্ঠান নিজে আয়োজিত হয় না, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষকে গাছ লাগাতে অনুপ্রাণিত করার জন্য প্রতি রাতে সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করা হয়। (j) Sentence: ...(j) — (inspire) people to plant trees. Answer: to inspire / inspiring Explanation: An infinitive of purpose ("to inspire") or a present participle ("inspiring") can be used to show the goal of the cultural functions. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive ("to inspire") অথবা Present participle ("inspiring") ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: মানুষকে গাছ লাগাতে অনুপ্রাণিত করার জন্য প্রতি রাতে সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করা হয়। 1. Dhaka Board-2017 (also Barishal Board-2022) (a) Sentence: Road mishap (a) — (happen) in our country almost every day. Answer: happens Explanation: The phrase "almost every day" indicates a regular occurrence, requiring Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "Road mishap" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "almost every day" (প্রায় প্রতিদিন) নিয়মিত ঘটা কাজ নির্দেশ করে, তাই Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের দেশে প্রায় প্রতিদিনই সড়ক দুর্ঘটনা ঘটে। (b) Sentence: Recently it (b) — (rise) to an alarming rate... Answer: has risen Explanation: The adverb "Recently" dictates the Present Perfect Tense (has/have + V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Recently" (সম্প্রতি) শব্দটি Present Perfect Tense নির্দেশ করে। Sentence Translation: সম্প্রতি এটি উদ্বেগজনক হারে বেড়েছে এবং মানুষের জীবনের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি করছে। (c) Sentence: ...(c) — (take) a heavy toll on human lives. Answer: taking Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to combine clauses, indicating the continuous result of the main action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: মূল কাজের চলমান ফলাফল বোঝাতে ক্লজ যুক্ত করার জন্য Present Participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সম্প্রতি এটি উদ্বেগজনক হারে বেড়েছে এবং মানুষের জীবনের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি করছে। (d) Sentence: The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) — (travel) in a bus. Answer: travels Explanation: First conditional (zero conditional variant for general facts). The 'if' clause is in the Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "someone" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি সাধারণ সত্য প্রকাশকারী Conditional। 'if' যুক্ত অংশটি Present Indefinite Tense হবে। "someone" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কেউ বাসে ভ্রমণ করলে পরিবারের সদস্যরা উদ্বিগ্ন থাকেন। (e) Sentence: In most cases, reckless driving (e) — (cause) road accidents. Answer: causes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a general truth. The subject "reckless driving" is singular. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "reckless driving" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বেশিরভাগ ক্ষেত্রে বেপরোয়া গাড়ি চালানোই সড়ক দুর্ঘটনার কারণ হয়। (f) Sentence: The drivers are in the habit of (f) — (violate) traffic rules. Answer: violating Explanation: The preposition "of" is always followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: চালকদের ট্রাফিক নিয়ম লঙ্ঘন করার অভ্যাস রয়েছে। (g) Sentence: Road accidents can be (g) — (lessen) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. Answer: lessened Explanation: Passive voice following a modal verb ("can be + V3"). Accidents do not lessen themselves; they are lessened by careful driving. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice ("can be + V3")। দুর্ঘটনা নিজে নিজে কমে না, সাবধানে চালানোর মাধ্যমে কমানো হয়। Sentence Translation: চালকরা সাবধানে গাড়ি চালালে সড়ক দুর্ঘটনা কমানো যেতে পারে। (h) Sentence: While (h) — (cross) the road, they should be careful. Answer: crossing Explanation: When the conjunction "While" is not followed by a subject, it takes a gerund/present participle directly (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "While"-এর পর সরাসরি verb থাকলে তার সাথে "-ing" যুক্ত হয়। Sentence Translation: রাস্তা পার হওয়ার সময় তাদের সতর্ক হওয়া উচিত। (i) Sentence: Some people travel (i) — (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Answer: climbing / by climbing Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to explain the manner in which the main action (travel) is done. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: মূল কাজটি (ভ্রমণ) কীভাবে করা হচ্ছে তা বোঝাতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কিছু মানুষ বাস ও ট্রেনের ছাদে উঠে ভ্রমণ করে। (j) Sentence: Traffic rules must be maintained strictly with a view to (j) — (control) road accidents. Answer: controlling Explanation: The phrase "with a view to" is strictly followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "with a view to" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: সড়ক দুর্ঘটনা নিয়ন্ত্রণের উদ্দেশ্যে ট্রাফিক নিয়ম কঠোরভাবে মেনে চলতে হবে। 2. Rajshahi Board-2017 (Note: Correcting a typo from the prompt's provided answer for gap (e). The prompt answer says 'rises', but the verb provided in the gap is 'rest'. The correct form of 'rest' is 'rests'.) (a) Sentence: It has been over three hundred years since emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) — (build) the Taj Mahal... Answer: built Explanation: When "since" acts as a conjunction connecting two clauses, if the first clause is Present Perfect ("It has been"), the second clause takes Past Indefinite (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "since" দ্বারা দুটি ক্লজ যুক্ত হলে, প্রথম অংশ Present Perfect হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite (V2) হয়। Sentence Translation: তিনশ বছরেরও বেশি সময় হয়ে গেছে যখন দিল্লির সম্রাট শাহজাহান আগ্রায় তার স্ত্রীর জন্য সমাধি হিসেবে তাজমহল নির্মাণ করেছিলেন। (b) Sentence: Architecturally, it (b) — (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense expressing a permanent truth or fact. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি স্থায়ী সত্য বা তথ্য প্রকাশ করতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: স্থাপত্যের দিক থেকে এটি বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে সুন্দর ভবনগুলোর একটি। (c) Sentence: The building (c) — (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. Answer: is made / was made Explanation: Passive voice. "Is made" describes its current state, while "was made" describes the past action of building it. Both are correct. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive voice। "is made" বর্তমান অবস্থা বোঝায় এবং "was made" অতীতের নির্মাণের কাজ বোঝায়। দুটিই সঠিক। Sentence Translation: ভবনটি রঙিন মার্বেলের খচিত সূক্ষ্ম সাদা মার্বেল দিয়ে তৈরি। (d) Sentence: It (d) — (have) eight sides and many open arches. Answer: has Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense indicating permanent possession or feature. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো স্থায়ী বৈশিষ্ট্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "It"-এর সাথে "has" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এর আটটি দিক এবং অনেকগুলো খোলা খিলান রয়েছে। (e) Sentence: It (e) — (rest) on a platform of a terrace of red sandstone. Answer: rests Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a permanent state. Singular subject "It" takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি স্থায়ী অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "It" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি লাল বেলেপাথরের একটি বারান্দার প্ল্যাটফর্মের ওপর দাঁড়িয়ে আছে। (f) Sentence: Four slender white towers (f) — (rise) from the corners of the terrace. Answer: rise / have risen Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The plural subject "Four slender white towers" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Four slender white towers"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বারান্দার কোণগুলো থেকে চারটি সরু সাদা মিনার উঠে গেছে। (g) Sentence: A large dome (g) — (stand) above the centre of the building. Answer: stands Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a permanent architectural feature. Singular subject takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: স্থাপত্যের স্থায়ী রূপ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্টের সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ভবনের মাঝখানের ওপরে একটি বিশাল গম্বুজ দাঁড়িয়ে আছে। (h) Sentence: Around this large dome there (h) — (be) four smaller domes. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The real subject after the dummy "there" is "four smaller domes" (plural), so it takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। ডামি "there"-এর পর মূল সাবজেক্ট "four smaller domes" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এই বড় গম্বুজের চারপাশে চারটি ছোট গম্বুজ রয়েছে। (i) Sentence: ...from which the visitors (i) — (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. Answer: look / can look Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general action, or a modal of ability ("can look"). Plural subject "visitors". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ কাজ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense, অথবা সক্ষমতা বোঝাতে "can look" ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: ঠিক বাইরের দেয়ালের ভেতরে একটি খোলা করিডোর রয়েছে যেখান থেকে দর্শনার্থীরা খোদাই করা মার্বেল পর্দার মধ্য দিয়ে একটি কেন্দ্রীয় কক্ষের দিকে তাকাতে পারে। (j) Sentence: The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) — (lie) in two graves below this room. Answer: lie Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense describing a permanent state. Plural subject "The bodies" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি স্থায়ী অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "The bodies"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: শাহজাহান এবং তার স্ত্রী মমতাজের মৃতদেহ এই কক্ষের নিচে দুটি কবরে শায়িত আছে। 3. Cumilla Board-2017 (a) Sentence: English (a) — (be) the most widely used international language. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a universal fact. Singular subject "English" takes "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "English" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ইংরেজি হলো সবচেয়ে ব্যাপকভাবে ব্যবহৃত আন্তর্জাতিক ভাষা। (b) Sentence: It (b) — (learn) to communicate with the foreigners... Answer: is learnt / is learned Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. The language doesn't learn itself; it is learned by people. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। ভাষা নিজে নিজে শেখে না, মানুষ শেখে, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বিদেশিদের সাথে যোগাযোগের জন্য এটি শেখা হয়... (c) Sentence: ...for various purposes such as (c) — (maintain) co-operation, co-existence and exchanging business information. Answer: maintaining Explanation: Parallelism and preposition rule. The phrase "such as" acts like a preposition, requiring a gerund. Also, it parallels "exchanging". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন এবং Preposition-এর নিয়ম। "such as" preposition-এর মতো কাজ করায় এর পর gerund বসে। তাছাড়া এটি "exchanging"-এর সাথে সমান্তরাল। Sentence Translation: ...বিদেশিদের সাথে সহযোগিতামূলক সম্পর্ক বজায় রাখা, সহাবস্থান এবং ব্যবসায়িক তথ্য আদান-প্রদানের মতো বিভিন্ন উদ্দেশ্যে। (d) Sentence: There are also certain jobs which (d) — (require) good functional knowledge of English. Answer: require Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The relative pronoun "which" refers to the plural noun "jobs", so the verb is base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Relative pronoun "which" প্লুরাল শব্দ "jobs"-কে নির্দেশ করায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এছাড়াও কিছু নির্দিষ্ট চাকরি রয়েছে যেগুলোতে ইংরেজির ভালো ব্যবহারিক জ্ঞানের প্রয়োজন। (e) Sentence: The jobs of a pilot... (etc.) (e) — (be) a few of them. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The true subject is "The jobs" (plural), taking "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট "The jobs" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: একজন পাইলট, একজন পিয়ন, একজন টেলিফোন অপারেটর, একজন ট্যুর গাইড, একজন মেকানিক, একটি আন্তর্জাতিক হোটেলের একজন রিসেপশনিস্ট, একটি বহুজাতিক কোম্পানির একজন কর্মকর্তার চাকরি ইত্যাদি হলো সেগুলোর মধ্যে কয়েকটি। (f) Sentence: Besides, a student (f) — (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English... Answer: wishing Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used as an adjective phrase modifying "student" (meaning "who wishes"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "student" শব্দটিকে বর্ণনা করতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) একটি Adjective ফ্রেজ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'যে ইচ্ছুক')। Sentence Translation: এছাড়া, উচ্চশিক্ষার জন্য যেতে ইচ্ছুক একজন শিক্ষার্থীকে অবশ্যই ইংরেজি শিখতে হবে... (g) Sentence: ...because the books on advanced education are mostly (g) — ( write) in English. Answer: written Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense ("are + V3"). Books are written by authors. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice ("are + V3")। বইগুলো লেখকদের দ্বারা লেখা হয়। Sentence Translation: ...কারণ উচ্চশিক্ষার ওপর লেখা বইগুলো বেশিরভাগই ইংরেজিতে লেখা। (h) Sentence: So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can, in no way, be (h) — (ignore). Answer: ignored Explanation: Passive voice after a modal ("can be + V3"). The importance cannot ignore itself; people cannot ignore it. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice ("can be + V3")। গুরুত্বকে উপেক্ষা করা যায় না। Sentence Translation: তাই আমাদের দেশে ইংরেজি শেখার গুরুত্ব ও চাহিদাকে কোনোভাবেই উপেক্ষা করা যায় না। (i) Sentence: Rather, we should (i) — (put) high importance... Answer: put Explanation: The modal verb "should" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "should"-এর পর সর্বদা verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বরং, প্রতিযোগিতামূলক বিশ্বে নিজেদের জন্য জায়গা করে নিতে আমাদের ইংরেজি শেখার ওপর অনেক বেশি গুরুত্ব দেওয়া উচিত। (j) Sentence: ...put high importance on (j) — (learn) English... Answer: learning Explanation: The preposition "on" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "on"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: বরং, প্রতিযোগিতামূলক বিশ্বে নিজেদের জন্য জায়গা করে নিতে আমাদের ইংরেজি শেখার ওপর অনেক বেশি গুরুত্ব দেওয়া উচিত। 4. Jashore Board-2017 (also Dinajpur 2019; Mymensingh 2022) (a) Sentence: Most of the people who (a) — (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history... Answer: appear Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general observation. The relative pronoun "who" refers to "Most of the people" (plural), taking the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ পর্যবেক্ষণ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। "who" প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Most of the people"-কে নির্দেশ করায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বেশিরভাগ মানুষ যারা ইতিহাসের পাতায় সবচেয়ে বেশি এবং সবচেয়ে গৌরবময়ভাবে আবির্ভূত হন, তারা হলেন মহান বিজেতা, সেনাপতি এবং সৈন্য... (b) Sentence: ...(b) — (be) great conquerors and generals and soldiers... Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The main subject "Most of the people" is plural, taking "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট "Most of the people" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...তারা হলেন মহান বিজেতা, সেনাপতি এবং সৈন্য... (c) Sentence: ...whereas the people who really (c) — (help) civilization forward are often never (d) — (mention) at all. Answer: help / helped Explanation: Present Indefinite indicating a timeless truth about innovators, or Past Indefinite referring to historical figures. "Help" is contextually appropriate. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্ভাবকদের সম্পর্কে চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite অথবা ঐতিহাসিক চরিত্র বোঝাতে Past Indefinite ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: ...অথচ যেসব মানুষ সত্যিই সভ্যতাকে এগিয়ে নিতে সাহায্য করে তাদের কথা প্রায় কখনোই উল্লেখ করা হয় না। (d) Sentence: ...are often never (d) — (mention) at all. Answer: mentioned Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite ("are + V3"). They do not mention themselves; history mentions them. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice ("are + V3")। ইতিহাস তাদের উল্লেখ করে, তারা নিজেরা নিজেদের উল্লেখ করে না। Sentence Translation: ...অথচ যেসব মানুষ সত্যিই সভ্যতাকে এগিয়ে নিতে সাহায্য করে তাদের কথা প্রায় কখনোই উল্লেখ করা হয় না। (e) Sentence: We do not know who first (e) — (set) a broken leg... Answer: set Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense referring to the historical first time an action occurred. The past form of "set" is "set". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ইতিহাসে প্রথমবারের মতো ঘটা কোনো কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense। "set"-এর পাস্ট ফর্মও "set"। Sentence Translation: আমরা জানি না কে প্রথম একটি ভাঙা পা জোড়া লাগিয়েছিল, বা সমুদ্রে চলাচলের উপযোগী নৌকা ভাসিয়েছিল, অথবা এক বছরের দৈর্ঘ্য গণনা করেছিল... (f) Sentence: ...or launched a seaworthy boat or (f) — (calculate) the length of a year... Answer: calculated Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "or" to the past tense verb "launched", it must also be Past Indefinite (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "or" দ্বারা অতীত কালের verb "launched"-এর সাথে যুক্ত থাকায় এটিও Past Indefinite (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: আমরা জানি না কে প্রথম একটি ভাঙা পা জোড়া লাগিয়েছিল, বা সমুদ্রে চলাচলের উপযোগী নৌকা ভাসিয়েছিল, অথবা এক বছরের দৈর্ঘ্য গণনা করেছিল... (g) Sentence: ...but we (g) — (know) all about the killers and destroyers. Answer: know Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense describing our current state of knowledge. Subject "we" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: আমাদের বর্তমান জ্ঞান বা অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "we" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...কিন্তু আমরা হত্যাকারী এবং ধ্বংসকারীদের সম্পর্কে সবকিছু জানি। (h) Sentence: ...so much so that on all the highest pillars in great cities of the world you (h) — (find) figures of a conqueror... Answer: can find / will find Explanation: Modal verb expressing ability ("can") or a future/general expectation ("will") + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সক্ষমতা ("can") বা সাধারণ প্রত্যাশা ("will") বোঝাতে Modal verb + মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষ তাদের এত বেশি গুরুত্ব দেয় যে, বিশ্বের বড় বড় শহরের সব সর্বোচ্চ স্তম্ভের ওপর আপনি কোনো বিজেতা, সেনাপতি বা সৈন্যের মূর্তি দেখতে পাবেন। (i) Sentence: And I think that most people (i) — (believe) that... Answer: believe Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general opinion. Plural subject "most people" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ মতামত বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "most people"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এবং আমি মনে করি যে বেশিরভাগ মানুষ বিশ্বাস করে যে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ দেশগুলো হলো সেগুলোই যারা যুদ্ধে সর্বাধিক সংখ্যক দেশকে পরাজিত করেছে... (j) Sentence: ...that the greatest countries are those that (j) —(beat) in the battle the greatest number of countries... Answer: beat Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing historical battles. The past form of the verb "beat" is "beat". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ঐতিহাসিক যুদ্ধ বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense। "beat" verb-এর পাস্ট ফর্মও "beat"। Sentence Translation: এবং আমি মনে করি যে বেশিরভাগ মানুষ বিশ্বাস করে যে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ দেশগুলো হলো সেগুলোই যারা যুদ্ধে সর্বাধিক সংখ্যক দেশকে পরাজিত করেছে এবং বিজেতা হিসেবে তাদের ওপর শাসন করেছে। 5. Sylhet Board-2017 (a) Sentence: He (a) — (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. Answer: came Explanation: Describes a completed event in the past ("at the age of four"), requiring Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি অতীতের একটি সম্পূর্ণ ঘটনা বর্ণনা করছে ("চার বছর বয়সে"), তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: সে চার বছর বয়সে এতিমখানায় এসেছিল। (b) Sentence: He (b) — (lose) his parents in his infancy. Answer: lost Explanation: Another completed past event, dictating Past Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের আরেকটি সম্পূর্ণ ঘটনা, তাই Past Indefinite Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: সে তার শৈশবেই বাবা-মাকে হারিয়েছিল। (c) Sentence: Then, he (c) — (commit) to the care of the orphanage. Answer: was committed Explanation: Passive voice in the Past Indefinite Tense. He did not commit himself; external authorities placed him there. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। সে নিজেকে সমর্পণ করেনি; বাইরের কর্তৃপক্ষ তাকে সেখানে রেখেছিল। Sentence Translation: এরপর তাকে এতিমখানার তত্ত্বাবধানে সমর্পণ করা হয়েছিল। (d) Sentence: He could hardly (d) — (recollect) his parents’ memory. Answer: recollect Explanation: The modal verb "could" is strictly followed by the base form of the verb without "to". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "could"-এর পর অবশ্যই "to" ছাড়া verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: সে তার বাবা-মায়ের স্মৃতি খুব কমই মনে করতে পারত। (e) Sentence: In spite of (e) — (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. Answer: being Explanation: Prepositions (like "of") are always followed by the gerund form of a verb (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition (যেমন "of")-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: এতিম হওয়া সত্ত্বেও সে নৈতিকতার এক সুদৃঢ় কাঠামো গড়ে তুলেছিল। (f) Sentence: His inimitable morality (f) — (draw) him close to the writer. Answer: drew / had drawn Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense continuing the past narrative. The past form of "draw" is "drew". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের বর্ণনা চালিয়ে যেতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "draw"-এর পাস্ট ফর্ম হলো "drew"। Sentence Translation: তার অকৃত্রিম নৈতিকতা লেখিকাকে তার কাছাকাছি টেনে এনেছিল। (g) Sentence: The writer (g) — (impress) with him. Answer: was impressed Explanation: Passive structure in Past Indefinite Tense. The writer received the impression caused by the boy. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive গঠন। ছেলেটির কারণে লেখিকা প্রভাবিত বা মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। Sentence Translation: লেখিকা তার প্রতি মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। (h) Sentence: She started (h) — (show) affection for him. Answer: showing / to show Explanation: The verb "start" can take either a gerund (Verb + -ing) or an infinitive (to + base verb) as its object. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "start" verb-টি অবজেক্ট হিসেবে gerund (Verb + -ing) অথবা infinitive (to + base verb) উভয়ই নিতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তিনি তার প্রতি স্নেহ দেখাতে শুরু করেছিলেন। (i) Sentence: Jerry (i) — (take) her for his mother. Answer: took Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense for a past action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের কোনো কাজের জন্য Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: জেরি তাকে নিজের মায়ের মতো ভেবে নিয়েছিল। (j) Sentence: He fabricated a lie (j) — (win) her heart. Answer: to win Explanation: Infinitive of purpose. Expresses the "why" behind the action of fabricating a lie (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। মিথ্যা গল্প বানানোর পেছনের কারণ (কেন) বোঝাতে "to + V1" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তার মন জয় করার জন্য সে একটি মিথ্যা গল্প বানিয়েছিল। 6. Barishal Board-2017 (a) Sentence: Air (a) — (be) an important element of the environment. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a universal truth. The singular subject "Air" takes "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "Air" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বায়ু পরিবেশের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উপাদান। (b) Sentence: But it is constantly being (b) — (pollute) in many ways. Answer: polluted Explanation: Present Continuous Passive Tense ("is + being + V3"). The air does not pollute itself; it receives the pollution. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous Passive Tense ("is + being + V3")। বায়ু নিজে নিজেকে দূষিত করে না, এটি দূষিত হয়। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু এটি প্রতিনিয়ত নানাভাবে দূষিত হচ্ছে। (c) Sentence: We make a fire to cook food and (c) — (do) many works. Answer: do Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "and" to the infinitive "to cook" (the "to" is understood), so the base verb is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি infinitive "to cook"-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে ("to" উহ্য আছে), তাই base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা খাবার রান্না করতে এবং বিভিন্ন কাজ করতে আগুন জ্বালাই। (d) Sentence: This fire emits smoke which (d) — (contaminate) air. Answer: contaminates Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The relative pronoun "which" refers to "smoke" (uncountable, singular), requiring an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Relative pronoun "which" সিঙ্গুলার আনকাউন্টেবল নাউন "smoke"-কে নির্দেশ করায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এই আগুন ধোঁয়া নির্গত করে যা বায়ুকে দূষিত করে। (e) Sentence: Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) — (burn) fuel. Answer: burning Explanation: The preposition "by" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing) to show the method. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কাজের মাধ্যম বোঝাতে Preposition "by"-এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: যানবাহনগুলো জ্বালানি পুড়িয়ে ব্যাপকভাবে বায়ু দূষিত করে। (f) Sentence: Air pollution also (f) — (happen) when coal and oil (g) — (burn). Answer: happens Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general fact. The singular subject "Air pollution" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "Air pollution"-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কয়লা ও তেল পোড়ানো হলেও বায়ু দূষণ ঘটে। (g) Sentence: ...when coal and oil (g) — (burn). Answer: are burnt / are burned Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite. Coal and oil do not burn themselves purposefully; they are burnt by people. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এর Passive voice। কয়লা ও তেল নিজে নিজে পোড়ে না, পোড়ানো হয়। Sentence Translation: কয়লা ও তেল পোড়ানো হলেও বায়ু দূষণ ঘটে। (h) Sentence: Mills and factories can be (h) — (hold) responsible for this pollution. Answer: held Explanation: Passive voice after a modal ("can be + V3"). They receive the action of being held responsible. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice ("can be + V3")। কলকারখানাকে দায়ী করা যায়, তাই V3 বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এই দূষণের জন্য কলকারখানাগুলোকে দায়ী করা যেতে পারে। (i) Sentence: It is high time we (i) — (check) air pollution. Answer: checked Explanation: The phrase "It is high time" + subject requires the Past Indefinite Tense (V2) to express an overdue action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কাজ করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময় বোঝাতে "It is high time" + subject-এর পর Past Indefinite Tense (V2) বসে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের বায়ু দূষণ নিয়ন্ত্রণ করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। (j) Sentence: Otherwise, we (j) — (suffer) a lot. Answer: will suffer Explanation: "Otherwise" introduces a conditional consequence for the future, requiring Future Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Otherwise" (অন্যথায়) ভবিষ্যতের একটি শর্তমূলক ফলাফল নির্দেশ করে, তাই Future Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: অন্যথায়, আমরা অনেক কষ্ট ভোগ করব। 7. Chattogram Board-2017 (a) Sentence: Eminent artiste Shaheen Samad (a) — (join) Bangladesh Mukti Sangrami Shilpi Sangstha during the Liberation War. Answer: joined Explanation: The phrase "during the Liberation War" places the event firmly in the past (Past Indefinite Tense). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "during the Liberation War" (মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময়) ফ্রেজটি ঘটনাটিকে অতীতে স্থাপন করে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বিশিষ্ট শিল্পী শাহীন সামাদ মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় বাংলাদেশ মুক্তি সংগ্রামী শিল্পী সংস্থায় যোগ দিয়েছিলেন। (b) Sentence: She along with others (b) — (inspire) millions with her voice... Answer: inspired Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing her past actions. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: তার অতীতের কাজগুলো বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তিনি অন্যদের সাথে নিয়ে তার কণ্ঠস্বর দিয়ে লাখ লাখ মানুষকে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছিলেন এবং শরণার্থী শিবিরের জন্য তহবিল সংগ্রহ করেছিলেন। (c) Sentence: ...(c) — (raise) funds for the refugee camps. Answer: raising / to raise / raised Explanation: A present participle ("raising") modifying her action simultaneously, an infinitive of purpose ("to raise"), or parallel past tense ("and raised") all fit grammatically depending on intended nuance. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: তার কাজের সমসাময়িক অবস্থা ("raising"), উদ্দেশ্য ("to raise"), অথবা সমান্তরাল অতীত কাজ ("raised")—অর্থের ওপর ভিত্তি করে সবগুলোই ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সঠিক হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তিনি অন্যদের সাথে নিয়ে তার কণ্ঠস্বর দিয়ে লাখ লাখ মানুষকে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছিলেন এবং শরণার্থী শিবিরের জন্য তহবিল সংগ্রহ করেছিলেন। (d) Sentence: The cultural troupe used to (d) — (travel) to refugee camps... Answer: travel Explanation: The semi-modal phrase "used to" (indicating a past habit) is always followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের অভ্যাস বোঝানো semi-modal "used to"-এর পর সর্বদা verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: সাংস্কৃতিক দলটি শরণার্থী শিবির এবং মুক্তাঞ্চলের বিভিন্ন এলাকায় ঘুরে বেড়াত। (e) Sentence: They (e) — (perform) patriotic songs and arranged puppet shows... Answer: performed Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Parallel to the past tense verb "arranged" later in the sentence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। বাক্যের পরের অংশে থাকা অতীত কালের verb "arranged"-এর সাথে এটি সমান্তরাল। Sentence Translation: তারা দেশাত্মবোধক গান পরিবেশন করত এবং পুতুল নাচের আয়োজন করত, এর পাশাপাশি নাটকও মঞ্চস্থ করত। (f) Sentence: ...besides, (f) — (stage) dramas. Answer: staging Explanation: The word "besides" acts as a preposition here ("in addition to"), which is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "besides" শব্দটি এখানে preposition হিসেবে কাজ করছে, তাই এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা দেশাত্মবোধক গান পরিবেশন করত এবং পুতুল নাচের আয়োজন করত, এর পাশাপাশি নাটকও মঞ্চস্থ করত। (g) Sentence: Shaheen Samad said, “Liberation War always (g) — (be) an inspiration for me.” Answer: is / has been Explanation: Inside the direct quotation, she is stating a current truth or a truth continuing from the past to the present (Present Indefinite or Present Perfect). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তির (Direct quotation) ভেতরে তিনি বর্তমান সত্য বা অতীত থেকে বর্তমান পর্যন্ত চলমান সত্য বর্ণনা করছেন, তাই Present Indefinite বা Present Perfect বসেছে। Sentence Translation: শাহীন সামাদ বলেন, "মুক্তিযুদ্ধ সবসময়ই আমার জন্য একটি অনুপ্রেরণা।" (h) Sentence: She sang a lot of songs during that time and now (h) — (feel) honoured... Answer: feels Explanation: The word "now" shifts the tense back to the Present Indefinite. Singular subject "She" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "now" (এখন) শব্দটি Tense-কে Present Indefinite-এ নিয়ে যায়। সাবজেক্ট "She" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তিনি সেই সময় অনেক গান গেয়েছিলেন এবং মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের অনুপ্রাণিত করতে পেরে এখন তিনি সম্মানিত বোধ করেন। (i) Sentence: Now she (i) — (wish) to hand it over to Liberation War Museum. Answer: wishes Explanation: "Now" indicates Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "she" takes "-es". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Now" শব্দটি Present Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। সাবজেক্ট "she" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-es" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এখন তিনি এটি মুক্তিযুদ্ধ জাদুঘরের কাছে হস্তান্তর করতে ইচ্ছুক। (j) Sentence: ...and thus (j) — (cover) all the year-round. Answer: cover / will cover Explanation: Connects to the main verb "wants" (Present Indefinite) or expresses the future result of that wish (Future Indefinite). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি মূল verb "wants"-এর (Present Indefinite) সাথে যুক্ত হতে পারে অথবা সেই ইচ্ছার ভবিষ্যতের ফলাফল (Future Indefinite) প্রকাশ করতে পারে। Sentence Translation: এই প্রখ্যাত শিল্পী টিভি চ্যানেলে ওই হৃদয়স্পর্শী গানগুলোর সরাসরি পরিবেশনা চান, অন্তত সপ্তাহে একটি গান এবং এভাবে তা সারা বছর ধরে চলবে। 8. Dinajpur Board-2017 (a) Sentence: In the last autumn vacation I (a) — (get) sufficient time. Answer: got Explanation: The phrase "last autumn vacation" refers to a specific time in the past, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "last autumn vacation" (গত শরতের ছুটিতে) ফ্রেজটি অতীতের নির্দিষ্ট সময় নির্দেশ করে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: গত শরতের ছুটিতে আমি পর্যাপ্ত সময় পেয়েছিলাম। (b) Sentence: So I (b) — (make) up my mind to make a journey... Answer: made Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing a past decision. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের একটি সিদ্ধান্ত বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তাই আমি ঢাকা থেকে চট্টগ্রাম ভ্রমণের মনস্থির করলাম। (c) Sentence: I (c) — (reach) the station about half an hour before the departure of the train. Answer: reached Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Continuing the narrative of past events. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের ঘটনাগুলোর বর্ণনার ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ট্রেন ছাড়ার প্রায় আধা ঘণ্টা আগে আমি স্টেশনে পৌঁছাই। (d) Sentence: It (d) — (be) then a very busy time. Answer: was Explanation: The word "then" refers to that moment in the past. Singular subject takes "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "then" (তখন) শব্দটি অতীতের ওই মুহূর্তটিকে নির্দেশ করে। সাবজেক্ট সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় 'be' verb "was" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তখন সেটি ছিল খুব ব্যস্ত সময়। (e) Sentence: Rickshaw, motorcars and other vehicles (e) — (come) to the station with passengers. Answer: were coming / came Explanation: Past Continuous (action in progress at that past moment) or Past Indefinite (general past action). Both work well contextually. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ওই অতীত মুহূর্তে চলমান কাজ বোঝাতে Past Continuous অথবা সাধারণ অতীত কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: রিকশা, মোটরগাড়ি এবং অন্যান্য যানবাহন যাত্রীদের নিয়ে স্টেশনে আসছিল। (f) Sentence: Coolies (f) — (run) behind them. Answer: were running / ran Explanation: Parallel to the previous sentence's tense choice (Past Continuous or Past Indefinite). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: আগের বাক্যের Tense-এর সাথে সামঞ্জস্য রেখে এটিও Past Continuous বা Past Indefinite হবে। Sentence Translation: কুলিগুলো সেগুলোর পেছনে ছুটছিল। (g) Sentence: There (g) — (be) shouts and rush of the passengers and the coolies. Answer: were Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The real subject after the dummy "There" is "shouts and rush" (plural concept), taking "were". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। ডামি "There"-এর পর মূল সাবজেক্ট "shouts and rush" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় "were" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সেখানে যাত্রী ও কুলিদের চিৎকার ও ভিড় ছিল। (h) Sentence: After some time hearing a whistle, the passengers (h) — (stand) in a queue before the ticket counter. Answer: stood Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense showing the next sequential action in the story. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: গল্পের পরবর্তী ধারাবাহিক কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কিছুক্ষণ পর বাঁশির শব্দ শুনে যাত্রীরা টিকিট কাউন্টারের সামনে লাইনে দাঁড়িয়ে গেল। (i) Sentence: I also (i) — (stand) in the line... Answer: stood Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Same as above. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উপরের নিয়মের মতোই এটি Past Indefinite Tense। Sentence Translation: আমিও লাইনে দাঁড়ালাম এবং দ্বিতীয় শ্রেণির একটি টিকিট কিনলাম। (j) Sentence: ...and (j) — (buy) a second class ticket. Answer: bought Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "and" to the past tense verb "stood", it also takes the Past Indefinite form ("bought"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা অতীত কালের verb "stood"-এর সাথে যুক্ত থাকায় এটিও Past Indefinite ফর্ম ("bought") হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমিও লাইনে দাঁড়ালাম এবং দ্বিতীয় শ্রেণির একটি টিকিট কিনলাম।

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination HSC All Board Questions 2016 1.Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context [Dhaka Board-2016] Football is a favourite game in our country. It (a) — (arrange) between two teams (b) — (contain) eleven players each. The captains of both teams (c) — (lead) their groups. This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) — (play) across the world. It (e) — (run) for an hour and a half with an interval after half of the time (f) — (be) over. Any football tournament (g) — (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. The result (h) — (remain) almost unpredictable till the end because any team might win the other team (i) — (score) a goal within seconds. The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) — (maintain) by the players. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Rajshahi Board-2016; Barishal Board-2019] Once there (a) — (live) an idle king. He (b) — (not undergo) physical labour. As a result, he (c) — (get) bulky and could not move from one place to another. He (d) — (call) in a doctor. The doctor (e) — (be) clever and wise. He did not (f) — (prescribe) any medicine for the king. He asked the king to buy a club and (g) — (move) it in the air till his hands (h) — (get) moistened. The king started (i) — (follow) the prescription. Thus, the king (j) — (relieve) of his problem. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Cumilla Board-2016; Chattogram Board-2022] Parents (a) — (be) blessings of God to us. When a child (b) — (bear), their joys (c) — (know) no bounds. They (d) — (start) (e) — (think) of (f) — (nurse) and (g) — (bring) up their children. They (h) — (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since birth. Parents never mind (i) — (take) pains for the upbringing of their offspring. We (j) — never (offend) our parents. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Jashore Board-2016] An idle brain is a devil’s workshop. If we (a) — (waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil thoughts will crowd in our brain. Idle persons who (b) — (kill) their time are burdens of society. They (c) — (sit) idle and cherish no high ideal and lofty ambition in life. They (d) — (not support) themselves. They (e) — (lead) an unhappy life and (f) — (suffer) in the long run. There should be time for reading, for office or other work, time for physical exercise, time for recreation and time for prayer. This (g) — (indicate) that we should do everything at the right moment. We (h) — (lead) a healthy and prosperous life only when we (i) — (follow) the routine which we (j) — (make) for our guidance. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Sylhet Board-2016] One night the entire village was sleeping. The boy Bayazid Bustami was busy in the study. His mother (a) — (sleep). Suddenly she woke up and (b) — (feel) thirsty. (c) — (call) her son, she told her son to give her a glass of water and (d) — (fall) asleep again. So, he went out with the pitcher in search of water. After a while, he (f) — (come) back home with water and found his mother (g) — (sleep). Then he waited (h) — (stand) by her bed with a glass of water. He did not make any sound lest she (i) —(wake) up. Suddenly his mother woke up and saw him with a glass of water. At once she (j) —(understand) what was the matter. 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Barishal Board-2016] There are many people who (a) — (not take) physical exercise. They can hardly (b) — (realize) that they themselves (c) — (ruin) their health. They (d) — (fall) victim to many diseases. Life (e) — (become) dull to them. They (f) — (remain) always ill-tempered. We (g) — (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Physical exercise (h) — (make) our body active and the muscles strong. It also (i) — (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (j) — (give) strength to our brain. 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Chattogram Board-2016] To err is human. If a man commits a crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) — (forgive). But the man who (b) — (not, give up) the wrong, (c) — (suffer) surely. In the long run, he (d) — (will take) to the land of death. The old sailor (e) — (be) a wrong-doer in his long journey. He committed a crime (f) — (kill) a sea bird (g) — (call) Albatross. That crime ultimately (h) — (bring) bad luck to them. The ship (i) —(leave) in the icy sea. The sun shone over their head. The wind (j) — (drop) down. It was a great disaster. 8. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Dinajpur Board-2016] Many events of great importance (a) — (take) place during the last century. Significant advances (b) — (make) in the field of science and technology. Many European colonies (c) — (gain) independence. The movement for democracy (d) — (become) prominent in many parts of the world. Two World Wars (e) — (break) out in this century. It also (f) — (witness) the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely (g) — (destroy) as a result of the dropping of atom bombs. However, the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) — (become) a momentous event. After a bloody war of nine months Bangladesh (i) — (bear). Now we (i) — (hold) our heads high in the community of nations. Key HSC All Board Questions 2016 with Answer 1.Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context [Dhaka Board-2016] Football is a favourite game in our country. It (a) — (arrange) between two teams (b) — (contain) eleven players each. The captains of both teams (c) — (lead) their groups. This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) — (play) across the world. It (e) — (run) for an hour and a half with an interval after half of the time (f) — (be) over. Any football tournament (g) — (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. The result (h) — (remain) almost unpredictable till the end because any team might win the other team (i) — (score) a goal within seconds. The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) — (maintain) by the players. Answer: (a) is arranged (b) containing (c) lead (d) played/been played (e) runs (f) is (g) arranged (h) remains (i) scoring (j) are maintained/ is maintained/are being maintained 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Rajshahi Board-2016; Barishal Board-2019] Once there (a) — (live) an idle king. He (b) — (not undergo) physical labour. As a result, he (c) — (get) bulky and could not move from one place to another. He (d) — (call) in a doctor. The doctor (e) — (be) clever and wise. He did not (f) — (prescribe) any medicine for the king. He asked the king to buy a club and (g) — (move) it in the air till his hands (h) — (get) moistened. The king started (i) — (follow) the prescription. Thus, the king (j) — (relieve) of his problem. Answer: (a) lived (b) did not undergo (c) got (d) called (e) was (f) prescribe (g) move (h) got (i) to follow/ following (j) was relieved 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Cumilla Board-2016; Chattogram Board-2022] Parents (a) — (be) blessings of God to us. When a child (b) — (bear), their joys (c) — (know) no bounds. They (d) — (start) (e) — (think) of (f) — (nurse) and (g) — (bring) up their children. They (h) — (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since birth. Parents never mind (i) — (take) pains for the upbringing of their offspring. We (j) — never (offend) our parents. Answer: a) are (b) is born (c) know (d) start (e) thinking (f) nursing (g) bringing (h) remain (i) taking (j) should (never) offend 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Jashore Board-2016] An idle brain is a devil’s workshop. If we (a) — (waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil thoughts will crowd in our brain. Idle persons who (b) — (kill) their time are burdens of society. They (c) — (sit) idle and cherish no high ideal and lofty ambition in life. They (d) — (not support) themselves. They (e) — (lead) an unhappy life and (f) — (suffer) in the long run. There should be time for reading, for office or other work, time for physical exercise, time for recreation and time for prayer. This (g) — (indicate) that we should do everything at the right moment. We (h) — (lead) a healthy and prosperous life only when we (i) — (follow) the routine which we (j) — (make) for our guidance. Answer: (a) waste (b) kill/are killing (c) sit (d) do not/ cannot support (e) lead/will lead (f) suffer/ have to/will/may/can suffer (g) indicates (h) will /may/can/shall lead (i) follow/ will/shall/should can follow (j) make/ have made/will make 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Sylhet Board-2016] One night the entire village was sleeping. The boy Bayazid Bustami was busy in the study. His mother (a) — (sleep). Suddenly she woke up and (b) — (feel) thirsty. (c) — (call) her son, she told her son to give her a glass of water and (d) — (fall) asleep again. So, he went out with the pitcher in search of water. After a while, he (f) — (come) back home with water and found his mother (g) — (sleep). Then he waited (h) — (stand) by her bed with a glass of water. He did not make any sound lest she (i) —(wake) up. Suddenly his mother woke up and saw him with a glass of water. At once she (j) —(understand) what was the matter. Answer: (a) was sleeping (b) felt (c) Calling (d) fell (e) found (f) came (g) sleeping (h) standing (i) should wake (j) understood/could understood 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Barishal Board-2016] There are many people who (a) — (not take) physical exercise. They can hardly (b) — (realize) that they themselves (c) — (ruin) their health. They (d) — (fall) victim to many diseases. Life (e) — (become) dull to them. They (f) — (remain) always ill-tempered. We (g) — (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Physical exercise (h) — (make) our body active and the muscles strong. It also (i) — (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (j) — (give) strength to our brain. Answer: (a) do not take (b) realize (c) ruin/are ruining (d) fall/may fall (e) becomes (f) remain (g) can build/should build (h) makes (i) improves (j) gives 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Chattogram Board-2016] To err is human. If a man commits a crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) — (forgive). But the man who (b) — (not, give up) the wrong, (c) — (suffer) surely. In the long run, he (d) — (will take) to the land of death. The old sailor (e) — (be) a wrong-doer in his long journey. He committed a crime (f) — (kill) a sea bird (g) — (call) Albatross. That crime ultimately (h) — (bring) bad luck to them. The ship (i) —(leave) in the icy sea. The sun shone over their head. The wind (j) — (drop) down. It was a great disaster. Answer: (a) be forgiven (b) does not give up/will not give up (c) suffers/will suffer (d) will be taken (e) was/had been (f) killing (g) called (h) brought (i) was left (j) dropped 8. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context[Dinajpur Board-2016] Many events of great importance (a) — (take) place during the last century. Significant advances (b) — (make) in the field of science and technology. Many European colonies (c) — (gain) independence. The movement for democracy (d) — (become) prominent in many parts of the world. Two World Wars (e) — (break) out in this century. It also (f) — (witness) the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely (g) — (destroy) as a result of the dropping of atom bombs. However, the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) — (become) a momentous event. After a bloody war of nine months Bangladesh (i) — (bear). Now we (i) — (hold) our heads high in the community of nations. Answer: (a) took/have taken (b) were made/have been made (c) gained/have gained (d) became/has become (e) broke (f) witnessed/has witnessed (g) destroyed (h) became/has become (i) was born (j) hold/can hold. Answers with Explanation 1. Dhaka Board-2016 (a) Sentence: It (a) ________ (arrange) between two teams... Answer: is arranged Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense in the passive voice. The game (football) does not arrange itself; it is arranged by people. It states a general fact. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। খেলা নিজে আয়োজিত হয় না, একে আয়োজন করা হয়। Sentence Translation: এটি দুটি দলের মধ্যে আয়োজন করা হয়, যার প্রতিটিতে এগারোজন করে খেলোয়াড় থাকে। (b) Sentence: ...between two teams (b) ________ (contain) eleven players each. Answer: containing Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used here as an adjective phrase modifying "teams" (meaning "teams which contain"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "teams" noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য Present participle (Verb + -ing) একটি Adjective ফ্রেজ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'যে দলগুলোতে থাকে')। Sentence Translation: এটি দুটি দলের মধ্যে আয়োজন করা হয়, যার প্রতিটিতে এগারোজন করে খেলোয়াড় থাকে। (c) Sentence: The captains of both teams (c) ________ (lead) their groups. Answer: lead Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The real subject is "The captains" (plural), so the base form of the verb is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট "The captains" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় verb-এর base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উভয় দলের অধিনায়করা নিজ নিজ দলের নেতৃত্ব দেন। (d) Sentence: This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) ________ (play) across the world. Answer: played / been played Explanation: This is a reduced relative clause (meaning "which has ever been played"). The past participle acts as an adjective describing the game. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি Reduced relative clause (যার অর্থ 'যা এযাবৎ খেলা হয়েছে')। Past participle এখানে গেমটির বৈশিষ্ট্য বর্ণনায় Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করছে। Sentence Translation: এটি বিশ্বজুড়ে খেলা এযাবৎকালের সবচেয়ে উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ এবং উপভোগ্য একটি খেলা। (e) Sentence: It (e) ________ (run) for an hour and a half... Answer: runs Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense expressing a general rule of the game. The subject "It" is singular, so "-s" is added. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: খেলার একটি সাধারণ নিয়ম বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "It" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অর্ধেক সময় পার হওয়ার পর একটি বিরতিসহ এটি দেড় ঘণ্টা ধরে চলে। (f) Sentence: ...with an interval after half of the time (f) ________ (be) over. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "half of the time" refers to a singular uncountable portion of time, taking "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "half of the time" (অর্ধেক সময়) সিঙ্গুলার আনকাউন্টেবল হিসেবে গণ্য হওয়ায় 'be' verb "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: অর্ধেক সময় পার হওয়ার পর একটি বিরতিসহ এটি দেড় ঘণ্টা ধরে চলে। (g) Sentence: Any football tournament (g) ________ (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. Answer: arranged Explanation: A past participle is used here as a reduced relative clause (meaning "which is arranged") modifying "tournament". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "tournament" শব্দটিকে modify করতে Past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা reduced relative clause হিসেবে কাজ করছে (যার অর্থ 'যা আয়োজিত হয়')। Sentence Translation: দুটি শক্তিশালী দলের মধ্যে আয়োজিত যেকোনো ফুটবল টুর্নামেন্ট উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ হতে পারে। (h) Sentence: The result (h) ________ (remain) almost unpredictable till the end... Answer: remains Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The subject "The result" is singular, requiring an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "The result" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ফলাফল প্রায় শেষ পর্যন্ত অপ্রত্যাশিতই থেকে যায় কারণ যেকোনো দল কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে গোল করে প্রতিপক্ষকে হারিয়ে দিতে পারে। (i) Sentence: ...because any team might win the other team (i) ________ (score) a goal within seconds. Answer: scoring Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to show how the action is achieved (by scoring). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কাজটি কীভাবে সাধিত হয় (গোল করার মাধ্যমে) তা বোঝাতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ফলাফল প্রায় শেষ পর্যন্ত অপ্রত্যাশিতই থেকে যায় কারণ যেকোনো দল কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে গোল করে প্রতিপক্ষকে হারিয়ে দিতে পারে। (j) Sentence: The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) ________ (maintain) by the players. Answer: are maintained / is maintained / are being maintained Explanation: Passive voice structure ("are/is + V3"). The rules do not maintain themselves; they are maintained by the players. ("Rules and order" can be treated as a plural subject or a single concept). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Passive voice-এর গঠন ("are/is + V3")। নিয়ম-কানুন নিজে থেকে বজায় থাকে না, খেলোয়াড়দের দ্বারা বজায় রাখা হয়। ("Rules and order" প্লুরাল বা একটি একক ধারণা হিসেবে ধরা যেতে পারে)। Sentence Translation: খেলোয়াড়দের দ্বারা নিয়ম-শৃঙ্খলা বজায় রাখা হচ্ছে কি না তা দেখার দায়িত্ব রেফারির। 2. Rajshahi Board-2016 (also Barishal Board-2019) (a) Sentence: Once there (a) ________ (live) an idle king. Answer: lived Explanation: The word "Once" indicates a story set in the past, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Once" (একদা) শব্দটি অতীত কালের গল্প নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: একদা এক অলস রাজা ছিলেন। (b) Sentence: He (b) ________ (not undergo) physical labour. Answer: did not undergo Explanation: Past Indefinite negative. The auxiliary "did not" is followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপ। Auxiliary "did not"-এর পর মূল verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: তিনি কোনো শারীরিক পরিশ্রম করতেন না। (c) Sentence: As a result, he (c) ________ (get) bulky... Answer: got Explanation: Continuing the past narrative, requiring Past Indefinite Tense. The past form of "get" is "got". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের বর্ণনার ধারাবাহিকতায় এটি Past Indefinite Tense। "get"-এর past form হলো "got"। Sentence Translation: এর ফলে তিনি স্থূলকায় হয়ে পড়েন এবং এক জায়গা থেকে অন্য জায়গায় যেতে পারতেন না। (d) Sentence: He (d) ________ (call) in a doctor. Answer: called Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. "Call in" means to send for someone (like a doctor). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। "Call in" অর্থ কাউকে (যেমন ডাক্তারকে) ডেকে পাঠানো। Sentence Translation: তিনি একজন ডাক্তার ডাকলেন। (e) Sentence: The doctor (e) ________ (be) clever and wise. Answer: was Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing a past state. Singular subject takes "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের অবস্থা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় 'be' verb "was" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ডাক্তার ছিলেন চতুর ও জ্ঞানী। (f) Sentence: He did not (f) ________ (prescribe) any medicine for the king. Answer: prescribe Explanation: The auxiliary verb "did not" must be followed by the base form of the main verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Auxiliary verb "did not"-এর পর সর্বদা মূল verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: তিনি রাজার জন্য কোনো ওষুধ লিখে দিলেন না। (g) Sentence: He asked the king to buy a club and (g) ________ (move) it in the air... Answer: move Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction "and" connects two infinitive actions: "to buy... and [to] move". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। "and" দ্বারা দুটি infinitive কাজ যুক্ত হয়েছে: "to buy... and [to] move"। তাই base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তিনি রাজাকে একটি মুগুর (ক্লাব) কিনতে বললেন এবং হাত ঘর্মাক্ত না হওয়া পর্যন্ত সেটি বাতাসে ঘোরাতে বললেন। (h) Sentence: ...till his hands (h) ________ (get) moistened. Answer: got Explanation: A time clause in the past narrative indicating an action that happened in the past, hence Past Indefinite (got). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীত বর্ণনায় সময়ের ক্লজটি অতীতের একটি ঘটনা নির্দেশ করে, তাই Past Indefinite (got) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তিনি রাজাকে একটি মুগুর (ক্লাব) কিনতে বললেন এবং হাত ঘর্মাক্ত না হওয়া পর্যন্ত সেটি বাতাসে ঘোরাতে বললেন। (i) Sentence: The king started (i) ________ (follow) the prescription. Answer: to follow / following Explanation: The verb "start" can take either an infinitive (to + V1) or a gerund (Verb + -ing) as its object. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "start" verb-টির পর object হিসেবে infinitive (to + V1) অথবা gerund (Verb + -ing) উভয়ই বসতে পারে। Sentence Translation: রাজা ব্যবস্থাপত্রটি অনুসরণ করতে শুরু করলেন। (j) Sentence: Thus, the king (j) ________ (relieve) of his problem. Answer: was relieved Explanation: Passive voice in Past Indefinite. The king did not relieve himself; the process/doctor relieved him. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। রাজা নিজে নিজেকে রোগমুক্ত করেননি, প্রক্রিয়ার মাধ্যমে তিনি রোগমুক্ত হয়েছিলেন। Sentence Translation: এভাবে রাজা তার সমস্যা থেকে মুক্তি পেলেন। 3. Cumilla Board-2016 (a) Sentence: Parents (a) ________ (be) blessings of God to us. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a universal truth. Plural subject "Parents" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Parents"-এর সাথে "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: পিতা-মাতা আমাদের জন্য ঈশ্বরের আশীর্বাদস্বরূপ। (b) Sentence: When a child (b) ________ (bear), their joys (c) ________ (know) no bounds. Answer: is born Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. The standard phrase for birth is passive ("is born"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। জন্মগ্রহণের ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত passive গঠন ("is born") ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: যখন একটি সন্তান জন্মগ্রহণ করে, তখন তাদের আনন্দের সীমা থাকে না। (c) Sentence: ...their joys (c) ________ (know) no bounds. Answer: know Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The subject "joys" is plural, so it takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "joys" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যখন একটি সন্তান জন্মগ্রহণ করে, তখন তাদের আনন্দের সীমা থাকে না। (d) Sentence: They (d) ________ (start) (e) ________ (think) of (f) ________ (nurse) and (g) ________ (bring) up their children. Answer: start Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense describing a general habitual action. Plural subject "They" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ অভ্যাসগত কাজ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা তাদের সন্তানদের যত্ন নেওয়া এবং লালন-পালন করার কথা ভাবতে শুরু করেন। (e) Sentence: They (d) ________ (start) (e) ________ (think)... Answer: thinking Explanation: The verb "start" is typically followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing) in this context. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এই ধরনের বাক্যে "start" verb-এর পর সাধারণত gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা তাদের সন্তানদের যত্ন নেওয়া এবং লালন-পালন করার কথা ভাবতে শুরু করেন। (f) Sentence: ...think of (f) ________ (nurse)... Answer: nursing Explanation: The preposition "of" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা তাদের সন্তানদের যত্ন নেওয়া এবং লালন-পালন করার কথা ভাবতে শুরু করেন। (g) Sentence: ...and (g) ________ (bring) up their children. Answer: bringing Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction "and" connects it to the previous gerund ("nursing and bringing up"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" conjunction দ্বারা এটি পূর্ববর্তী gerund-এর সাথে যুক্ত হওয়ায় এটিও "ing" যুক্ত হয়েছে ("nursing and bringing up")। Sentence Translation: তারা তাদের সন্তানদের যত্ন নেওয়া এবং লালন-পালন করার কথা ভাবতে শুরু করেন। (h) Sentence: They (h) ________ (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since birth. Answer: remain Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general fact. Plural subject "They" (children) takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They" (সন্তানরা)-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: জন্ম থেকেই তারা তাদের পিতা-মাতার তত্ত্বাবধানে নিরাপদ থাকে। (i) Sentence: Parents never mind (i) ________ (take) pains for the upbringing of their offspring. Answer: taking Explanation: The phrase "never mind" or "would you mind" is always followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "never mind" বা "would you mind" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: সন্তান লালন-পালনের জন্য পিতা-মাতা কখনোই কষ্ট স্বীকার করতে দ্বিধা করেন না। (j) Sentence: We (j) ________ never (offend) our parents. Answer: should (never) offend Explanation: Contextual necessity. To express a moral obligation or duty, the modal "should" is placed before the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: নৈতিক দায়িত্ব বা কর্তব্য বোঝাতে মূল verb-এর পূর্বে modal verb "should" (উচিত) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের কখনোই পিতা-মাতাকে কষ্ট দেওয়া (বা অবাধ্য হওয়া) উচিত নয়। 4. Jashore Board-2016 (a) Sentence: If we (a) ________ (waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil thoughts will crowd in our brain. Answer: waste Explanation: First Conditional structure ("If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite"). The 'if' clause must be in the present tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: First Conditional-এর গঠন ("If + Present Indefinite, Future Indefinite")। 'if' যুক্ত অংশটি Present Indefinite Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: আমরা যদি অলসতায় সময় নষ্ট করি, তবে সব ধরনের খারাপ চিন্তা আমাদের মস্তিষ্কে ভিড় করবে। (b) Sentence: Idle persons who (b) ________ (kill) their time are burdens of society. Answer: kill / are killing Explanation: The relative pronoun "who" refers to the plural antecedent "Idle persons", requiring a plural verb in the Present Indefinite or Continuous. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "who" তার পূর্ববর্তী প্লুরাল শব্দ "Idle persons"-কে নির্দেশ করছে, তাই Present Indefinite বা Continuous-এ প্লুরাল verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: যে অলস ব্যক্তিরা তাদের সময় নষ্ট করে, তারা সমাজের বোঝা। (c) Sentence: They (c) ________ (sit) idle and cherish no high ideal... Answer: sit Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for habitual behavior. Plural subject "They" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অভ্যাসগত আচরণ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা অলস বসে থাকে এবং জীবনে কোনো উচ্চ আদর্শ ও মহৎ উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা লালন করে না। (d) Sentence: They (d) ________ (not support) themselves. Answer: do not support / cannot support Explanation: Present Indefinite negative ("do not") or inability ("cannot") + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপ ("do not") বা অক্ষমতা ("cannot") + মূল verb। Sentence Translation: তারা নিজেদের ভরণপোষণ করতে পারে না। (e) Sentence: They (e) ________ (lead) an unhappy life... Answer: lead / will lead Explanation: Present Indefinite for a general truth or Future Indefinite for a consequence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite অথবা ভবিষ্যতের ফলাফল বোঝাতে Future Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: তারা একটি অসুখী জীবনযাপন করে এবং পরিণামে কষ্ট ভোগ করে। (f) Sentence: ...and (f) ________ (suffer) in the long run. Answer: suffer / will suffer / have to suffer Explanation: Parallelism. It follows the tense chosen in gap (e). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। এটি গ্যাপ (e)-এ ব্যবহৃত Tense-কে অনুসরণ করে। Sentence Translation: তারা একটি অসুখী জীবনযাপন করে এবং পরিণামে কষ্ট ভোগ করে। (g) Sentence: This (g) ________ (indicate) that we should do everything at the right moment. Answer: indicates Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "This" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "This"-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি নির্দেশ করে যে আমাদের সবকিছু সঠিক সময়ে করা উচিত। (h) Sentence: We (h) ________ (lead) a healthy and prosperous life only when we (i) ________ (follow) the routine... Answer: will lead / can lead / shall lead Explanation: Future consequence or ability. Modal "will/can" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ভবিষ্যতের ফলাফল বা সক্ষমতা বোঝাতে Modal "will/can" + মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা কেবল তখনই একটি সুস্থ ও সমৃদ্ধ জীবনযাপন করতে পারব যখন আমরা আমাদের নির্দেশনার জন্য তৈরি করা রুটিন অনুসরণ করব। (i) Sentence: ...only when we (i) ________ (follow) the routine... Answer: follow / will follow Explanation: The time clause introduced by "when" usually takes the Present Indefinite Tense to refer to the future. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "when" দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া সময়ের ক্লজটি ভবিষ্যৎ বোঝাতে সাধারণত Present Indefinite Tense গ্রহণ করে। Sentence Translation: আমরা কেবল তখনই একটি সুস্থ ও সমৃদ্ধ জীবনযাপন করতে পারব যখন আমরা আমাদের নির্দেশনার জন্য তৈরি করা রুটিন অনুসরণ করব। (j) Sentence: ...the routine which we (j) ________ (make) for our guidance. Answer: make / have made / will make Explanation: Present Indefinite (general routine) or Present Perfect (a routine we have already created). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি সাধারণ কাজ বোঝালে Present Indefinite অথবা ইতোমধ্যে তৈরি করা বোঝাতে Present Perfect Tense হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: আমরা কেবল তখনই একটি সুস্থ ও সমৃদ্ধ জীবনযাপন করতে পারব যখন আমরা আমাদের নির্দেশনার জন্য তৈরি করা রুটিন অনুসরণ করব। 5. Sylhet Board-2016 (Note: Gap 'e' was missing in the original source passage, so the numbering goes from 'd' to 'f') (a) Sentence: His mother (a) ________ (sleep). Answer: was sleeping Explanation: Past Continuous Tense indicating an ongoing background action in the past. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতে কোনো কাজ চলছিল এমন পটভূমি বোঝাতে Past Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তার মা ঘুমাচ্ছিলেন। (b) Sentence: Suddenly she woke up and (b) ________ (feel) thirsty. Answer: felt Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "and" to the past tense verb "woke", so it must be Past Indefinite ("felt"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা অতীতের verb "woke"-এর সাথে যুক্ত হওয়ায় এটিও Past Indefinite ("felt") হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: হঠাৎ তিনি জেগে উঠলেন এবং তৃষ্ণা অনুভব করলেন। (c) Sentence: (c) ________ (call) her son, she told her son to give her a glass of water... Answer: Calling Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used at the beginning of the sentence to combine actions done by the same subject. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একই সাবজেক্টের একাধিক কাজ যুক্ত করতে বাক্যের শুরুতে Present Participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (ডেকে)। Sentence Translation: ছেলেকে ডেকে, তিনি তাকে এক গ্লাস পানি দিতে বললেন এবং আবার ঘুমিয়ে পড়লেন। (d) Sentence: ...she told her son to give her a glass of water and (d) ________ (fall) asleep again. Answer: fell Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "and" to the past tense verb "told" ("she told... and fell"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি অতীত কালের verb "told"-এর সাথে যুক্ত, তাই এটিও "fell" হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ছেলেকে ডেকে, তিনি তাকে এক গ্লাস পানি দিতে বললেন এবং আবার ঘুমিয়ে পড়লেন। (f) (Skipping 'e' as per source text) Sentence: After a while, he (f) ________ (come) back home with water... Answer: came Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing the narrative sequence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: গল্পের ধারাবাহিকতা বর্ণনায় Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কিছুক্ষণ পর, সে পানি নিয়ে বাড়ি ফিরে এলো এবং দেখল তার মা ঘুমাচ্ছেন। (g) Sentence: ...and found his mother (g) ________ (sleep). Answer: sleeping Explanation: The verb "find" followed by an object ("his mother") takes a present participle to describe the state the object was found in. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "find" verb-এর পর object ("his mother") থাকলে, object-টি কোন অবস্থায় পাওয়া গেল তা বোঝাতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: কিছুক্ষণ পর, সে পানি নিয়ে বাড়ি ফিরে এলো এবং দেখল তার মা ঘুমাচ্ছেন। (h) Sentence: Then he waited (h) ________ (stand) by her bed with a glass of water. Answer: standing Explanation: A present participle is used to show a simultaneous continuous action (he waited while standing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: দুটি কাজ একই সাথে চলছিল বোঝাতে (দাঁড়িয়ে অপেক্ষা করছিল) Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তারপর সে এক গ্লাস পানি নিয়ে তার বিছানার পাশে দাঁড়িয়ে অপেক্ষা করতে লাগল। (i) Sentence: He did not make any sound lest she (i) ________(wake) up. Answer: should wake Explanation: The conjunction "lest" expresses a negative purpose ("for fear that") and is strictly followed by "should" or "might" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "lest" (পাছে/ভয়ে) conjunction-টির পর সবসময় "should" বা "might" + মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: পাছে মা জেগে ওঠেন এই ভয়ে সে কোনো শব্দ করল না। (j) Sentence: At once she (j) ________(understand) what was the matter. Answer: understood / could understand Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense concluding the past narrative sequence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের গল্পের উপসংহার টানতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সাথে সাথেই তিনি বুঝতে পারলেন ঘটনা কী। 6. Barishal Board-2016 (a) Sentence: There are many people who (a) ________ (not take) physical exercise. Answer: do not take Explanation: The relative pronoun "who" refers to "people" (plural). Present Indefinite negative requires "do not" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "who" প্লুরাল "people"-কে নির্দেশ করে। Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপে প্লুরাল সাবজেক্টের সাথে "do not" + মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: এমন অনেক লোক আছেন যারা শারীরিক ব্যায়াম করেন না। (b) Sentence: They can hardly (b) ________ (realize) that they themselves... Answer: realize Explanation: The modal verb "can" requires the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "can"-এর পর সর্বদা verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা খুব কমই বুঝতে পারে যে তারা নিজেরাই নিজেদের স্বাস্থ্য নষ্ট করছে। (c) Sentence: ...that they themselves (c) ________ (ruin) their health. Answer: ruin / are ruining Explanation: Present Indefinite for a general fact, or Present Continuous to emphasize the ongoing destruction of health. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite, অথবা স্বাস্থ্যের চলমান ক্ষতিকে জোর দিয়ে বোঝাতে Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তারা খুব কমই বুঝতে পারে যে তারা নিজেরাই নিজেদের স্বাস্থ্য নষ্ট করছে। (d) Sentence: They (d) ________ (fall) victim to many diseases. Answer: fall / may fall Explanation: Present Indefinite stating a general consequence. Plural subject "They" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ ফলাফল বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা অনেক রোগের শিকার হয়। (e) Sentence: Life (e) ________ (become) dull to them. Answer: becomes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "Life" takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "Life" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: জীবন তাদের কাছে নীরস হয়ে যায়। (f) Sentence: They (f) ________ (remain) always ill-tempered. Answer: remain Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The plural subject "They" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা সবসময় খিটখিটে মেজাজের থাকে। (g) Sentence: We (g) ________ (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Answer: can build / should build Explanation: Modal of ability ("can") or advice ("should") fits the context logically. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থের সাথে সংগতি রেখে সক্ষমতা ("can") বা পরামর্শ ("should") বোঝাতে Modal verb ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শারীরিক ব্যায়ামের মাধ্যমে আমরা সুস্বাস্থ্য ও সুস্থ মন গঠন করতে পারি। (h) Sentence: Physical exercise (h) ________ (make) our body active and the muscles strong. Answer: makes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "Physical exercise" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "Physical exercise"-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শারীরিক ব্যায়াম আমাদের শরীরকে সচল এবং পেশীগুলোকে শক্তিশালী করে। (i) Sentence: It also (i) ________ (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. Answer: improves Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "It" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "It"-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি আমাদের হজমশক্তি এবং রক্ত সঞ্চালনও উন্নত করে। (j) Sentence: It (j) ________ (give) strength to our brain. Answer: gives Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "It" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "It"-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি আমাদের মস্তিষ্ককে শক্তি প্রদান করে। 7. Chattogram Board-2016 (a) Sentence: If a man commits a crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) ________ (forgive). Answer: be forgiven Explanation: Passive voice with a modal ("may be + V3"). The man does not forgive himself; he is forgiven by God/others. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal যুক্ত Passive voice ("may be + V3")। মানুষটি নিজেকে ক্ষমা করে না, তাকে ক্ষমা করা হয়, তাই Passive গঠন। Sentence Translation: যদি কোনো মানুষ কখনো কোনো অপরাধ করে এবং তার অপকর্মের জন্য সত্যই অনুতপ্ত হয়, তবে তাকে ক্ষমা করা হতে পারে। (b) Sentence: But the man who (b) ________ (not, give up) the wrong... Answer: does not give up / will not give up Explanation: Present Indefinite negative for a general trait. Singular relative pronoun "who" (referring to "man") takes "does not". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ বৈশিষ্ট্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপ। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "man"-কে নির্দেশ করায় "does not" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যে মানুষটি ভুল কাজ ত্যাগ করে না, সে নিশ্চিতভাবে কষ্ট ভোগ করে। (c) Sentence: ...who does not give up the wrong, (c) ________ (suffer) surely. Answer: suffers / will suffer Explanation: Present Indefinite for a general truth, or Future Indefinite for a consequence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite অথবা ভবিষ্যতের ফলাফল বোঝাতে Future Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যে মানুষটি ভুল কাজ ত্যাগ করে না, সে নিশ্চিতভাবে কষ্ট ভোগ করে। (d) Sentence: In the long run, he (d) ________ (will take) to the land of death. Answer: will be taken Explanation: Passive voice in Future Indefinite ("will be + V3"). He doesn't take someone else; he is taken there. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Future Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice ("will be + V3")। সে অন্য কাউকে নিয়ে যাবে না, তাকে নিয়ে যাওয়া হবে। Sentence Translation: পরিণামে, তাকে মৃত্যুর দেশে নিয়ে যাওয়া হবে। (e) Sentence: The old sailor (e) ________ (be) a wrong-doer in his long journey. Answer: was / had been Explanation: Shifting to a past narrative (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner), requiring Past Indefinite ("was"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের একটি গল্প শুরু হওয়ায় Past Indefinite ("was") ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বৃদ্ধ নাবিক তার দীর্ঘ যাত্রায় একজন অন্যায়কারী ছিলেন। (f) Sentence: He committed a crime (f) ________ (kill) a sea bird... Answer: killing / by killing Explanation: A present participle or gerund phrase explaining how the crime was committed. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কীভাবে অপরাধটি করা হয়েছিল তা ব্যাখ্যা করতে Present participle বা gerund ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (হত্যা করার মাধ্যমে)। Sentence Translation: অ্যালবাট্রস নামক একটি সামুদ্রিক পাখিকে হত্যা করে তিনি একটি অপরাধ করেছিলেন। (g) Sentence: ...a sea bird (g) ________ (call) Albatross. Answer: called Explanation: A past participle acting as an adjective (reduced relative clause meaning "which was called"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "sea bird" শব্দটিকে বর্ণনা করতে Past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'যাকে বলা হতো')। Sentence Translation: অ্যালবাট্রস নামক একটি সামুদ্রিক পাখিকে হত্যা করে তিনি একটি অপরাধ করেছিলেন। (h) Sentence: That crime ultimately (h) ________ (bring) bad luck to them. Answer: brought Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing the consequence in the past narrative. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের গল্পের ফলাফল বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সেই অপরাধ শেষ পর্যন্ত তাদের জন্য দুর্ভাগ্য বয়ে এনেছিল। (i) Sentence: The ship (i) ________(leave) in the icy sea. Answer: was left Explanation: Passive voice in Past Indefinite Tense. The ship did not leave itself; it was stranded/left there. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। জাহাজটি নিজে থেকে চলে যায়নি, তাকে ফেলে রাখা হয়েছিল বা আটকে পড়েছিল। Sentence Translation: জাহাজটি বরফময় সমুদ্রে আটকা পড়েছিল। (j) Sentence: The wind (j) ________ (drop) down. Answer: dropped Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense continuing the description of the past event. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের ঘটনার বিবরণ অব্যাহত রাখতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বাতাস কমে গিয়েছিল। এটি ছিল এক মহা বিপর্যয়। 8. Dinajpur Board-2016 (a) Sentence: Many events of great importance (a) ________ (take) place during the last century. Answer: took / have taken Explanation: "During the last century" generally dictates the Past Indefinite Tense ("took"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "During the last century" (গত শতাব্দীতে) ফ্রেজটি সাধারণত অতীত কাল বা Past Indefinite Tense ("took") নির্দেশ করে। Sentence Translation: গত শতাব্দীতে অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অনেক ঘটনা ঘটেছে। (b) Sentence: Significant advances (b) ________ (make) in the field of science and technology. Answer: were made / have been made Explanation: Passive voice. Advances do not make themselves; they are made by humans. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive voice। অগ্রগতি নিজে নিজে হয় না, মানুষের দ্বারা সাধিত হয়। Sentence Translation: বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তির ক্ষেত্রে উল্লেখযোগ্য অগ্রগতি সাধিত হয়েছে। (c) Sentence: Many European colonies (c) ________ (gain) independence. Answer: gained / have gained Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense (or Present Perfect) referring to historical events of the 20th century. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বিংশ শতাব্দীর ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা উল্লেখ করতে Past Indefinite (বা Present Perfect) Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অনেক ইউরোপীয় উপনিবেশ স্বাধীনতা লাভ করেছে। (d) Sentence: The movement for democracy (d) ________ (become) prominent in many parts of the world. Answer: became / has become Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing a historical shift. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি ঐতিহাসিক পরিবর্তন বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বিশ্বের অনেক অংশে গণতন্ত্রের আন্দোলন প্রবল হয়ে ওঠে। (e) Sentence: Two World Wars (e) ________ (break) out in this century. Answer: broke Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Specific historical events that have concluded. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা যা শেষ হয়ে গেছে বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এই শতাব্দীতে দুটি বিশ্বযুদ্ধ সংঘটিত হয়। (f) Sentence: It also (f) ________ (witness) the misuse of atomic energy. Answer: witnessed / has witnessed Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense (or Present Perfect). The century "saw" or "witnessed" this. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite (বা Present Perfect) Tense। এই শতাব্দী পারমাণবিক শক্তির অপব্যবহার "দেখেছে"। Sentence Translation: এটি পারমাণবিক শক্তির অপব্যবহারেরও সাক্ষী হয়েছে। (g) Sentence: Two cities of Japan were completely (g) ________ (destroy) as a result of the dropping of atom bombs. Answer: destroyed Explanation: Past Indefinite Passive Tense ("were + V3"). The adverb "completely" sits between the auxiliary and main verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Passive Tense ("were + V3")। Auxiliary এবং মূল verb-এর মাঝে adverb "completely" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: পারমাণবিক বোমা হামলার ফলে জাপানের দুটি শহর সম্পূর্ণ ধ্বংস হয়ে যায়। (h) Sentence: However, the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) ________ (become) a momentous event. Answer: became / has become Explanation: Past Indefinite or Present Perfect to highlight a significant historical event with lasting impact. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঐতিহাসিক ঘটনা যার দীর্ঘস্থায়ী প্রভাব রয়েছে তা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite বা Present Perfect Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তবে একটি স্বাধীন জাতি হিসেবে বাংলাদেশের অভ্যুদয় একটি যুগান্তকারী ঘটনা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। (i) Sentence: After a bloody war of nine months Bangladesh (i) ________ (bear). Answer: was born Explanation: Passive voice in Past Indefinite Tense. "Was born" is the standard phrase for coming into existence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। অস্তিত্ব লাভ করা বা জন্ম নেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে "was born" ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: নয় মাসের রক্তক্ষয়ী যুদ্ধের পর বাংলাদেশের জন্ম হয়। (j) Sentence: Now we (i) ________ (hold) our heads high in the community of nations. Answer: hold / can hold Explanation: The word "Now" shifts the tense to Present Indefinite. "Can hold" also fits to express ability. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Now" শব্দটি Tense-কে Present Indefinite-এ নিয়ে যায়। সক্ষমতা বোঝাতে "can hold"-ও মানানসই। Sentence Translation: এখন আমরা বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়ের মাঝে মাথা উঁচু করে দাঁড়াই (বা দাঁড়াতে পারি)।

Right form of verbs All Board Questions - SSC 2025 [Dhaka Board-2025] deliver advise take decorate start begin preside come be read Our annual prize giving ceremony (a) ___ off yesterday. We (b) ___ our school campus very nicely. The ceremony (c) ___ at 3 p.m. Our Headmaster (d) ___ over the function and the Education Minister (e) ___ the chief guest. The function (f) ___ with the recitation from the Holy Quran. One of our senior teachers (g) ___ out the annual report. The honourable chief guest (h) ___ a brief encouraging speech (i) ___ us to be regular in studies and (j) ___ part in the movement against illiteracy. [Rajshahi Board-2025 Repeat] lag reach lead follow depend build remember be idle work Bangladesh is full of natural resources. The prosperity of the country (a) --- on the proper utilization of the resources. We should not (b) --- a lazy life. We should all (c) --- up our country. For this reason, we have to (d) --- hard. No nation can prosper without industry. We should (e) --- that industry is the key to success. If we (f) --- the days away, we (g) --- behind. The nations that (h) --- industrious (i) --- the pinnacles of development. So, we should (j) --- them. [Cumilla Board-2025] pay stay remain cook spend get enjoy be spend read I have a friend named Alisha. She and I (a) ______ in the same class in the same school. Though we (b) ______ from the same village, we are good friends. During last winter I (c) ______ a chance (d) ______ a visit to her village and I (e) ______ a happy time there. While I (f) ______ in her village, I (g) ______ many delicious dishes which (h) ______ by Alisha's mother. Actually, I wanted (i) ______ some more days there. But, as I had some other plans, I had to come back. The memory of that visit (j) ______ ever fresh in my mind. [Dinajpur Board-2025] receive contribute keep prove develop confine become adapt work be According to the history, women in the past (a) ______ within the four walls. But at present, they (b) ______ no longer captive to their parents' or husbands' house. With the passage of time, the outlook and the attitude have been (c) ______ as men and women are (d) ______ themselves to the changing society. By (e) ______ education they are (f) ______ pilots, doctors, engineers, high officials, etc. They (g) ______ hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They are now able to (h) ______ their worth. They (i) ______ much to the economy of the country. Now it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ______ half of our population idle at home. [Sylhet Board-2025] damage result be rise try overcome breed act build compare Self-control is considered a great power. It (a) ______ all other virtues. Man usually (b) ______ on impulses and strong desires. Vicious desires (c) ______ the purity of heart and mind (d) ______ in the degeneration of human nature. It (e) ______ self-control that can help a man (f) ______ up a pure character which is very essential to (g) ______ above the level of inhumanity. Nothing can (h) ______ to self-control to (i) ______ inhumanity. So, everybody (j) ______ to be self-controlled. [Jashore Board-2025] overlook expect be see backbite criticize exist shun be imagine Everybody (a) ______ that he or she (b) ______ the best. Actually, goodness or badness (c) ______ a little or much, (d) ______ in him or her simultaneously. But they only (e) ______ the good side of them (f) ______ the bad once. We ourselves and (h) ______ the bad. But the reality is that we always (i) ______ others that is not (j) ______. [Barishal Board-2025] require be provide spread promote define anticipate direct remain stay E-Commerce is rapidly being (a) ______ in our country. It may be (b) ______ as a business process through electronic transition. Buyers and sellers are not (c) ______ to talk face to face. We may get our required product (d) ______ at home. One of the best opportunities (e) ______ that businessmen from home and abroad can (f) ______ their business using this system (g) ______ in their respective countries. It (h) ______ us with global information, resources and services. It is (i) ______ that it will (j) ______ our domestic business very soon. [Chattogram Board-2S025] weigh require think be face cheat bargain be take have The price hike of household products (a) ______ now a great problem for us. Everyday we (b) ______ it. Most of the people (c) ______ low income (d) ______ in danger. They (e) ______ of purchasing meat and fish as they (f) ______. We are to (g) ______ over buying even simple products. Many times the buyers (h) ______. The sellers cheat the buyers at the time of (i) ______ something. Some steps have (j) ______ by the government to identify the culprits. [Mymensingh Board-2025] break take wash damage occur stop be affect become lose The flood (a) ______ recently in Chattogram division (b) ______ all records of the past. Never before did water level rise so high nor (c) ______ the duration so long. Normal activities have been (d) ______ for a long time. Thousands of people have (e) ______ homeless and clothless. The miseries of flood (f) ______ people know no bounds. Crops have been greatly (g) ______. Herds of cattle (h) ______ away. Thousands of people (i) ___\C____ their shelters. They (j) ______ now living under the open air. Right form of verbs All Board Questions - SSC 2025 Answers [Dhaka Board-2025] deliver advise take decorate start begin preside come be read Our annual prize giving ceremony (a) ___ off yesterday. We (b) ___ our school campus very nicely. The ceremony (c) ___ at 3 p.m. Our Headmaster (d) ___ over the function and the Education Minister (e) ___ the chief guest. The function (f) ___ with the recitation from the Holy Quran. One of our senior teachers (g) ___ out the annual report. The honourable chief guest (h) ___ a brief encouraging speech (i) ___ us to be regular in studies and (j) ___ part in the movement against illiteracy. Answer: came; b) decorated; c) began; d) presided; e) was; f) began; g) read; h) delivered; i) advised; j) take [Rajshahi Board-2025 ] lag reach lead follow depend build remember be idle work Bangladesh is full of natural resources. The prosperity of the country (a) --- on the proper utilization of the resources. We should not (b) --- a lazy life. We should all (c) --- up our country. For this reason, we have to (d) --- hard. No nation can prosper without industry. We should (e) --- that industry is the key to success. If we (f) --- the days away, we (g) --- behind. The nations that (h) --- industrious (i) --- the pinnacles of development. So, we should (j) --- them. Answer: (a) depends; (b) lead; (c) build; (d) work; (e) remember; (f) idle; (g) will lag; (h) are; (i) reach; (j) follow [Cumilla Board-2025] pay stay remain cook spend get enjoy be spend read I have a friend named Alisha. She and I (a) ______ in the same class in the same school. Though we (b) ______ from the same village, we are good friends. During last winter I (c) ______ a chance (d) ______ a visit to her village and I (e) ______ a happy time there. While I (f) ______ in her village, I (g) ______ many delicious dishes which (h) ______ by Alisha's mother. Actually, I wanted (i) ______ some more days there. But, as I had some other plans, I had to come back. The memory of that visit (j) ______ ever fresh in my mind. Answer: (a) read; (b) are not; (c) got; (d) to pay; (e) spent; (f) was staying; (g) enjoyed; (h) were cooked; (i) to spend; (j) remains/will remain [Dinajpur Board-2025] receive contribute keep prove develop confine become adapt work be According to the history, women in the past (a) ______ within the four walls. But at present, they (b) ______ no longer captive to their parents' or husbands' house. With the passage of time, the outlook and the attitude have been (c) ______ as men and women are (d) ______ themselves to the changing society. By (e) ______ education they are (f) ______ pilots, doctors, engineers, high officials, etc. They (g) ______ hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They are now able to (h) ______ their worth. They (i) ______ much to the economy of the country. Now it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ______ half of our population idle at home. Answer: (a) were confined/were kept; (b) are; (c) developed; (d) adapting; (e) receiving; (f) becoming; (g) are working; (h) prove; (i) are contributing; (j) keeping/confining [Sylhet Board-2025] damage result be rise try overcome breed act build compare Export to Sheets Self-control is considered a great power. It (a) ______ all other virtues. Man usually (b) ______ on impulses and strong desires. Vicious desires (c) ______ the purity of heart and mind (d) ______ in the degeneration of human nature. It (e) ______ self-control that can help a man (f) ______ up a pure character which is very essential to (g) ______ above the level of inhumanity. Nothing can (h) ______ to self-control to (i) ______ inhumanity. So, everybody (j) ______ to be self-controlled. Answer: (a) breeds; (b) acts; (c) damage; (d) resulting; (e) is; (f) build/to build; (g) rise; (h) be compared; (i) overcome; (j) should try [Jashore Board-2025] overlook expect be see backbite criticize exist shun be imagine Everybody (a) ______ that he or she (b) ______ the best. Actually, goodness or badness (c) ______ a little or much, (d) ______ in him or her simultaneously. But they only (e) ______ the good side of them (f) ______ the bad once. We ourselves and (h) ______ the bad. But the reality is that we always (i) ______ others that is not (j) ______. Answer: (a) expects; (b) is; (c) exists; (d) existing (e) see; (f) overlook; (g) criticize; (h) shun; (i) backbite; (j) imagined [Barishal Board-2025] require be provide spread promote define anticipate direct remain stay E-Commerce is rapidly being (a) ______ in our country. It may be (b) ______ as a business process through electronic transition. Buyers and sellers are not (c) ______ to talk face to face. We may get our required product (d) ______ at home. One of the best opportunities (e) ______ that businessmen from home and abroad can (f) ______ their business using this system (g) ______ in their respective countries. It (h) ______ us with global information, resources and services. It is (i) ______ that it will (j) ______ our domestic business very soon. Answer: (a) spread/promoted; (b) defined; (c) required; (d) staying; (e) is; (f) direct/spread/promote; (g) remaining; (h) provides; (i) anticipated; (j) promote [Chattogram Board-2S025] weigh require think be face cheat bargain be take have The price hike of household products (a) ______ now a great problem for us. Everyday we (b) ______ it. Most of the people (c) ______ low income (d) ______ in danger. They (e) ______ of purchasing meat and fish as they (f) ______. We are to (g) ______ over buying even simple products. Many times the buyers (h) ______. The sellers cheat the buyers at the time of (i) ______ something. Some steps have (j) ______ by the government to identify the culprits. Answer: (a) is; (b) face; (c) having; (d) are; (e) can’t think; (f) require; (g) bargain; (h) are cheated; (i) weighing; (j) been taken [Mymensingh Board-2025] break take wash damage occur stop be affect become lose The flood (a) ______ recently in Chattogram division (b) ______ all records of the past. Never before did water level rise so high nor (c) ______ the duration so long. Normal activities have been (d) ______ for a long time. Thousands of people have (e) ______ homeless and clothless. The miseries of flood (f) ______ people know no bounds. Crops have been greatly (g) ______. Herds of cattle (h) ______ away. Thousands of people (i) ___\C____ their shelters. They (j) ______ now living under the open air. Answer: (a) occurred; (b) broke; (c) was; (d) stopped; (e) become; (f) affected; (g) damaged; (h) were washed; (i) lost; (j) are Answers wiht Explanation 1. Dhaka Board-2025 (a) Sentence: Our annual prize giving ceremony (a) ________ (come) off yesterday. Answer: came Explanation: The word "yesterday" indicates a completed action in the past, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense. The phrasal verb "come off" means to take place. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "yesterday" (গতকাল) শব্দটি অতীতের একটি সমাপ্ত কাজ নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি Past Indefinite Tense হবে। "come off" একটি phrasal verb যার অর্থ 'অনুষ্ঠিত হওয়া'। Sentence Translation: গতকাল আমাদের বার্ষিক পুরস্কার বিতরণী অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছে। (b) Sentence: We (b) ________ (decorate) our school campus very nicely. Answer: decorated Explanation: This sentence continues the past narrative, so the Past Indefinite Tense is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি অতীতের ঘটনার ধারাবাহিকতা রক্ষা করছে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা আমাদের স্কুল ক্যাম্পাসটি খুব সুন্দরভাবে সাজিয়েছিলাম। (c) Sentence: The ceremony (c) ________ (begin/start) at 3 p.m. Answer: started / began Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Describes a specific event that started at a definite time in the past. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। অতীতের একটি নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে শুরু হওয়া কাজ বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অনুষ্ঠানটি বিকেল ৩টায় শুরু হয়েছিল। (d) Sentence: Our Headmaster (d) ________ (preside) over the function... Answer: presided Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The phrase "preside over" means to chair or lead a meeting. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। "preside over" ফ্রেজটির অর্থ কোনো অনুষ্ঠানে সভাপতিত্ব করা। Sentence Translation: আমাদের প্রধান শিক্ষক অনুষ্ঠানে সভাপতিত্ব করেছিলেন এবং শিক্ষামন্ত্রী ছিলেন প্রধান অতিথি। (e) Sentence: ...and the Education Minister (e) ________ (be) the chief guest. Answer: was Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense for a state of being in the past. The singular subject takes "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতে কোনো অবস্থা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় 'be' verb হিসেবে "was" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের প্রধান শিক্ষক অনুষ্ঠানে সভাপতিত্ব করেছিলেন এবং শিক্ষামন্ত্রী ছিলেন প্রধান অতিথি। (f) Sentence: The function (f) ________ (begin/start) with the recitation from the Holy Quran. Answer: began / started Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing how the event opened. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অনুষ্ঠানটি কীভাবে শুরু হয়েছিল তা বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: পবিত্র কোরআন তেলাওয়াতের মাধ্যমে অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হয়। (g) Sentence: One of our senior teachers (g) ________ (read) out the annual report. Answer: read Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The past form of the verb "read" is spelled the same ("read") but pronounced like "red". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। "read" verb-টির পাস্ট ফর্মও বানানে "read", তবে উচ্চারিত হয় "red" হিসেবে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের একজন সিনিয়র শিক্ষক বার্ষিক প্রতিবেদনটি পাঠ করেন। (h) Sentence: The honourable chief guest (h) ________ (deliver) a brief encouraging speech... Answer: delivered Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing the action of giving a speech. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ভাষণ দেওয়ার কাজটি অতীতে সম্পন্ন হওয়ায় Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: মাননীয় প্রধান অতিথি আমাদের পড়াশোনায় নিয়মিত হওয়ার এবং নিরক্ষরতার বিরুদ্ধে আন্দোলনে অংশ নেওয়ার পরামর্শ দিয়ে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত ও উৎসাহব্যঞ্জক বক্তব্য প্রদান করেন। (i) Sentence: ...a brief encouraging speech (i) ________ (advise) us to be regular in studies... Answer: advising Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to combine clauses, acting as an adjective modifying "speech" (meaning "which advised us"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ক্লজ যুক্ত করতে এবং "speech"-কে modify করতে Present Participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'যা আমাদের উপদেশ দিয়েছিল')। Sentence Translation: মাননীয় প্রধান অতিথি আমাদের পড়াশোনায় নিয়মিত হওয়ার এবং নিরক্ষরতার বিরুদ্ধে আন্দোলনে অংশ নেওয়ার পরামর্শ দিয়ে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত ও উৎসাহব্যঞ্জক বক্তব্য প্রদান করেন। (j) Sentence: ...to be regular in studies and (j) ________ (take) part in the movement against illiteracy. Answer: take Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction "and" connects this to the earlier infinitive phrase ("to be regular... and [to] take part"). The base form is required. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি আগের infinitive ("to be")-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে, তাই verb-এর base form (take) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মাননীয় প্রধান অতিথি আমাদের পড়াশোনায় নিয়মিত হওয়ার এবং নিরক্ষরতার বিরুদ্ধে আন্দোলনে অংশ নেওয়ার পরামর্শ দিয়ে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত ও উৎসাহব্যঞ্জক বক্তব্য প্রদান করেন। 2. Rajshahi Board-2025 (a) Sentence: The prosperity of the country (a) ________ (depend) on the proper utilization of the resources. Answer: depends Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a universal truth/fact. The subject "The prosperity" is singular, so "-s" is added. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "The prosperity" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: দেশের সমৃদ্ধি সম্পদের সঠিক ব্যবহারের ওপর নির্ভর করে। (b) Sentence: We should not (b) ________ (lead) a lazy life. Answer: lead Explanation: The modal verb "should" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "should"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের অলস জীবনযাপন করা উচিত নয়। (c) Sentence: We should all (c) ________ (build) up our country. Answer: build Explanation: The modal verb "should" requires the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "should"-এর কারণে verb-এর base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের সবার উচিত আমাদের দেশ গড়ে তোলা। (d) Sentence: For this reason, we have to (d) ________ (work) hard. Answer: work Explanation: "Have to" expresses obligation and is followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Have to" বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায় এবং এর পর verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: এই কারণে আমাদের কঠোর পরিশ্রম করতে হবে। (e) Sentence: We should (e) ________ (remember) that industry is the key to success. Answer: remember Explanation: The modal verb "should" is followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "should"-এর পর verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের মনে রাখা উচিত যে পরিশ্রমই সাফল্যের চাবিকাঠি। (f) Sentence: If we (f) ________ (idle) the days away... Answer: idle Explanation: First conditional sentence. The 'if' clause takes the Present Indefinite Tense. "Idle away" means to waste time. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি First conditional-এর 'if' ক্লজ, তাই এটি Present Indefinite Tense হবে। "idle away" অর্থ অলসভাবে সময় নষ্ট করা। Sentence Translation: আমরা যদি অলসভাবে দিন কাটিয়ে দিই, তবে আমরা পিছিয়ে পড়ব। (g) Sentence: ...we (g) ________ (lag) behind. Answer: will lag Explanation: In a First Conditional sentence, the main clause uses Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: First Conditional বাক্যের মূল ক্লজটি Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1) হয়। Sentence Translation: আমরা যদি অলসভাবে দিন কাটিয়ে দিই, তবে আমরা পিছিয়ে পড়ব। (h) Sentence: The nations that (h) ________ (be) industrious... Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The relative pronoun "that" refers to the plural antecedent "nations", requiring the plural verb "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Relative pronoun "that" তার পূর্ববর্তী প্লুরাল শব্দ "nations"-কে নির্দেশ করছে, তাই প্লুরাল 'be' verb "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যে জাতিগুলো পরিশ্রমী, তারা উন্নয়নের চূড়ায় পৌঁছায়। (i) Sentence: ...(i) ________ (reach) the pinnacles of development. Answer: reach Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general truth. The main subject "The nations" is plural, taking the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট "The nations" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যে জাতিগুলো পরিশ্রমী, তারা উন্নয়নের চূড়ায় পৌঁছায়। (j) Sentence: So, we should (j) ________ (follow) them. Answer: follow Explanation: The modal verb "should" is followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "should"-এর পর verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: তাই আমাদের তাদের অনুসরণ করা উচিত। 3. Cumilla Board-2025 (a) Sentence: She and I (a) ________ (read) in the same class in the same school. Answer: read Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The compound subject "She and I" is plural, requiring the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "She and I" একটি প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট, তাই মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সে এবং আমি একই স্কুলে একই শ্রেণিতে পড়ি। (b) Sentence: Though we (b) ________ (be) from the same village, we are good friends. Answer: are not Explanation: The conjunction "Though" introduces a contrast. To make logical sense ("Though we don't live in the same village, we are friends"), the negative "not" is added to the "be" verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Though" (যদিও) বৈপরীত্য নির্দেশ করে। বাক্যের অর্থ মেলাতে 'be' verb-এর সাথে নেতিবাচক 'not' যুক্ত করে "are not" করা হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: যদিও আমরা একই গ্রামের নই, তবুও আমরা ভালো বন্ধু। (c) Sentence: During last winter I (c) ________ (get) a chance... Answer: got Explanation: The phrase "last winter" indicates a past event, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "last winter" (গত শীতে) অতীতের একটি সময় নির্দেশ করে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: গত শীতে আমি তার গ্রামে যাওয়ার একটি সুযোগ পেয়েছিলাম এবং সেখানে একটি আনন্দের সময় কাটিয়েছিলাম। (d) Sentence: ...a chance (d) ________ (pay) a visit to her village... Answer: to pay Explanation: An infinitive (to + V1) is used as an adjective phrase to modify the noun "chance". "Pay a visit" means to visit. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "chance" noun-টিকে modify করতে Infinitive (to + V1) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "Pay a visit" মানে বেড়াতে যাওয়া। Sentence Translation: গত শীতে আমি তার গ্রামে যাওয়ার একটি সুযোগ পেয়েছিলাম এবং সেখানে একটি আনন্দের সময় কাটিয়েছিলাম। (e) Sentence: ...and I (e) ________ (spend) a happy time there. Answer: spent Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. Connected by "and" to the previous past tense action ("got"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। "and" দ্বারা এটি আগের অতীত ঘটনার ("got") সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: গত শীতে আমি তার গ্রামে যাওয়ার একটি সুযোগ পেয়েছিলাম এবং সেখানে একটি আনন্দের সময় কাটিয়েছিলাম। (f) Sentence: While I (f) ________ (stay) in her village... Answer: was staying Explanation: The conjunction "While" followed directly by a subject typically introduces a Past Continuous Tense (was/were + verb-ing) indicating a continuous background action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "While"-এর পর সাবজেক্ট থাকলে সাধারণত Past Continuous Tense (was/were + verb-ing) হয়, যা একটি চলমান পটভূমি নির্দেশ করে। Sentence Translation: আমি যখন তার গ্রামে ছিলাম, তখন আমি অনেক সুস্বাদু খাবার উপভোগ করেছিলাম যেগুলো আলিশার মা রান্না করেছিলেন। (g) Sentence: ...I (g) ________ (enjoy) many delicious dishes... Answer: enjoyed Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing the main action that happened during the continuous background action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Continuous-এর পটভূমিতে ঘটা মূল কাজটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়। Sentence Translation: আমি যখন তার গ্রামে ছিলাম, তখন আমি অনেক সুস্বাদু খাবার উপভোগ করেছিলাম যেগুলো আলিশার মা রান্না করেছিলেন। (h) Sentence: ...which (h) ________ (cook) by Alisha's mother. Answer: were cooked Explanation: Passive voice in the Past Indefinite Tense. The dishes did not cook themselves; they received the action by someone else. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। খাবারগুলো নিজে রান্না হয়নি, অন্যের দ্বারা রান্না করা হয়েছিল। Sentence Translation: আমি যখন তার গ্রামে ছিলাম, তখন আমি অনেক সুস্বাদু খাবার উপভোগ করেছিলাম যেগুলো আলিশার মা রান্না করেছিলেন। (i) Sentence: Actually, I wanted (i) ________ (spend) some more days there. Answer: to spend Explanation: The verb "want" is followed by an infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "want" verb-এর পর উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive (to + V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: আসলে, আমি সেখানে আরও কয়েকদিন কাটাতে চেয়েছিলাম। (j) Sentence: The memory of that visit (j) ________ (remain) ever fresh in my mind. Answer: remains / will remain Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense (or Future) stating a lasting state. The subject "The memory" is singular. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি স্থায়ী অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense (বা Future) ব্যবহৃত হয়। সাবজেক্ট "The memory" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সেই সফরের স্মৃতি আমার মনে চিরকাল সতেজ হয়ে থাকবে (বা আছে)। 4. Dinajpur Board-2025 (a) Sentence: According to the history, women in the past (a) ________ (confine/keep) within the four walls. Answer: were confined / were kept Explanation: The phrase "in the past" dictates Past Indefinite Tense. It is in the passive voice because women did not confine themselves; society confined them. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "in the past" (অতীতে) ফ্রেজটি Past Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। নারীরা নিজেদের বন্দি রাখত না, সমাজ তাদের রাখত, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ইতিহাস অনুযায়ী, অতীতে নারীদের চার দেওয়ালের মধ্যে বন্দি রাখা হতো। (b) Sentence: But at present, they (b) ________ (be) no longer captive... Answer: are Explanation: "At present" indicates the Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "they" requires "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "At present" (বর্তমানে) Present Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they"-এর সাথে "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু বর্তমানে, তারা আর তাদের বাবা-মা বা স্বামীর বাড়িতে বন্দি নেই। (c) Sentence: With the passage of time, the outlook and the attitude have been (c) ________ (develop)... Answer: developed Explanation: Present Perfect Passive structure (have + been + V3). The attitudes received the development over time. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Perfect Passive-এর গঠন (have + been + V3)। সময়ের সাথে দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিগুলো বিকশিত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সময়ের সাথে সাথে, মানুষের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি ও মনোভাবের বিকাশ ঘটেছে কারণ নারী ও পুরুষ নিজেদেরকে পরিবর্তনশীল সমাজের সাথে খাপ খাইয়ে নিচ্ছেন। (d) Sentence: ...as men and women are (d) ________ (adapt) themselves to the changing society. Answer: adapting Explanation: Present Continuous Tense. The auxiliary "are" is followed by the present participle (Verb + -ing) to show ongoing change. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চলমান পরিবর্তন বোঝাতে Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "are"-এর পর verb-এর সাথে "-ing" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সময়ের সাথে সাথে, মানুষের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি ও মনোভাবের বিকাশ ঘটেছে কারণ নারী ও পুরুষ নিজেদেরকে পরিবর্তনশীল সমাজের সাথে খাপ খাইয়ে নিচ্ছেন। (e) Sentence: By (e) ________ (receive) education they are becoming... Answer: receiving Explanation: The preposition "By" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing) to indicate the method or means. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "By"-এর পর কাজ করার মাধ্যম বোঝাতে gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে তারা পাইলট, ডাক্তার, ইঞ্জিনিয়ার, উচ্চপদস্থ কর্মকর্তা ইত্যাদি হচ্ছেন। (f) Sentence: ...they are (f) ________ (become) pilots, doctors, engineers, high officials, etc. Answer: becoming Explanation: Present Continuous Tense indicating an ongoing societal transition. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমাজে চলমান একটি রূপান্তর বোঝাতে Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে তারা পাইলট, ডাক্তার, ইঞ্জিনিয়ার, উচ্চপদস্থ কর্মকর্তা ইত্যাদি হচ্ছেন। (g) Sentence: They (g) ________ (work) hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. Answer: are working Explanation: Present Continuous Tense to emphasize actions happening currently in modern times. (Present Indefinite "work" is also acceptable). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বর্তমান সময়ের চলমান কাজকে জোর দিয়ে বোঝাতে Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। (Present Indefinite "work"-ও সঠিক)। Sentence Translation: তারা সব যোগ্য কর্মসূচিতে পুরুষদের সাথে হাতে হাত মিলিয়ে কাজ করছেন। (h) Sentence: They are now able to (h) ________ (prove) their worth. Answer: prove Explanation: The adjective "able" is followed by an infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "able" (সক্ষম) adjective-টির পর infinitive (to + base verb) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা এখন নিজেদের যোগ্যতা প্রমাণ করতে সক্ষম। (i) Sentence: They (i) ________ (contribute) much to the economy of the country. Answer: are contributing Explanation: Present Continuous Tense describing their ongoing active role in the present era. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বর্তমান যুগে তাদের চলমান সক্রিয় ভূমিকা বর্ণনা করতে Present Continuous Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তারা দেশের অর্থনীতিতে অনেক অবদান রাখছেন। (j) Sentence: ...no development is possible by (j) ________ (keep/confine) half of our population idle at home. Answer: keeping / confining Explanation: The preposition "by" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "by"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: এখন পুরুষরা উপলব্ধি করতে পেরেছে যে আমাদের জনসংখ্যার অর্ধেককে বাড়িতে অলস বসিয়ে রেখে কোনো উন্নয়ন সম্ভব নয়। 5. Sylhet Board-2025 (a) Sentence: It (a) ________ (breed) all other virtues. Answer: breeds Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a general truth. The singular subject "It" (self-control) takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "It" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। "breed" মানে জন্ম দেওয়া বা সৃষ্টি করা। Sentence Translation: এটি অন্যান্য সকল গুণের জন্ম দেয়। (b) Sentence: Man usually (b) ________ (act) on impulses and strong desires. Answer: acts Explanation: The adverb "usually" indicates a habitual truth requiring Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "Man" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "usually" (সাধারণত) শব্দটি অভ্যাসমূলক কাজ নির্দেশ করে। সাবজেক্ট "Man" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষ সাধারণত আবেগ এবং তীব্র আকাঙ্ক্ষার বশবর্তী হয়ে কাজ করে। (c) Sentence: Vicious desires (c) ________ (damage) the purity of heart and mind... Answer: damage Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "desires" takes the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "desires"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কলুষিত আকাঙ্ক্ষাগুলো হৃদয় ও মনের পবিত্রতা নষ্ট করে, যার ফলশ্রুতিতে মানব প্রকৃতির অবক্ষয় ঘটে। (d) Sentence: ...(d) ________ (result) in the degeneration of human nature. Answer: resulting Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to combine clauses, expressing the consequence of the main action (meaning "which results in"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: মূল কাজের ফলাফল বোঝাতে ক্লজ যুক্ত করার জন্য Present Participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'যার ফলে ঘটে')। Sentence Translation: কলুষিত আকাঙ্ক্ষাগুলো হৃদয় ও মনের পবিত্রতা নষ্ট করে, যার ফলশ্রুতিতে মানব প্রকৃতির অবক্ষয় ঘটে। (e) Sentence: It (e) ________ (be) self-control that can help a man... Answer: is Explanation: Emphatic structure "It is... that". Present Indefinite Tense requires "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি জোর প্রদানকারী গঠন "It is... that" (এটিই হলো... যা)। Present Indefinite Tense-এ "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণই একজন মানুষকে একটি খাঁটি চরিত্র গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে, যা অমানবিকতার স্তর থেকে ওপরে ওঠার জন্য অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজনীয়। (f) Sentence: ...that can help a man (f) ________ (build) up a pure character... Answer: build / to build Explanation: The verb "help" can be followed by a bare infinitive (base form) or a full infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "help" verb-টির পর bare infinitive ("to" ছাড়া verb) অথবা full infinitive (to + V1) উভয়েই বসতে পারে। Sentence Translation: আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণই একজন মানুষকে একটি খাঁটি চরিত্র গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে, যা অমানবিকতার স্তর থেকে ওপরে ওঠার জন্য অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজনীয়। (g) Sentence: ...which is very essential to (g) ________ (rise) above the level of inhumanity. Answer: rise Explanation: Infinitive of purpose. The marker "to" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive। "to"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণই একজন মানুষকে একটি খাঁটি চরিত্র গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে, যা অমানবিকতার স্তর থেকে ওপরে ওঠার জন্য অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজনীয়। (h) Sentence: Nothing can (h) ________ (compare) to self-control... Answer: be compared Explanation: Passive voice with a modal ("can be + V3"). "Nothing" cannot actively compare itself; it receives the comparison. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal যুক্ত Passive voice ("can be + V3")। "Nothing" নিজে তুলনা করতে পারে না, একে অন্যের সাথে তুলনা করা হয়। Sentence Translation: অমানবিকতা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষেত্রে আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণের সাথে কোনো কিছুরই তুলনা করা যায় না। (i) Sentence: ...to (i) ________ (overcome) inhumanity. Answer: overcome Explanation: Infinitive structure. "To" is followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Infinitive গঠন। "to"-এর পর verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: অমানবিকতা কাটিয়ে ওঠার ক্ষেত্রে আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণের সাথে কোনো কিছুরই তুলনা করা যায় না। (j) Sentence: So, everybody (j) ________ (try) to be self-controlled. Answer: should try Explanation: Contextual necessity or advice. To convey moral obligation, the modal "should" is added before the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী এটি একটি পরামর্শ বা নৈতিক দায়িত্ব। তাই মূল verb-এর আগে modal verb "should" (উচিত) যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তাই, সবার আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রিত হওয়ার চেষ্টা করা উচিত। 6. Jashore Board-2025 (Note: There are minor text alignment errors in the prompt's question data. It has been logically reconstructed based on the grammatical rules.) (a) Sentence: Everybody (a) ________ (expect) that he or she... Answer: expects Explanation: Indefinite pronouns like "Everybody" strictly take singular verbs in Present Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Everybody"-এর মতো Indefinite pronoun-এর পর সবসময় সিঙ্গুলার verb বসে, তাই "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: প্রত্যেকেই আশা করে যে সে-ই সেরা। (b) Sentence: ...that he or she (b) ________ (be) the best. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The singular subject "he or she" takes "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "he or she"-এর সাথে "is" বসে। Sentence Translation: প্রত্যেকেই আশা করে যে সে-ই সেরা। (c) Sentence: Actually, goodness or badness (c) ________ (exist) a little or much... Answer: exists Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Subjects joined by "or" take a singular verb if the noun is uncountable (goodness/badness). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "or" দ্বারা যুক্ত আনকাউন্টেবল নাউনের ক্ষেত্রে সিঙ্গুলার verb বসে, তাই "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আসলে, ভালো বা মন্দ গুণ কমবেশি প্রত্যেকের মধ্যেই একসাথে বিরাজমান থাকে। (d) Sentence: ...(d) ________ (exist) in him or her simultaneously. Answer: existing Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) modifies the preceding clause to indicate the state in which these qualities occur. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: আগের ক্লজের অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আসলে, ভালো বা মন্দ গুণ কমবেশি প্রত্যেকের মধ্যেই একসাথে বিরাজমান থাকে। (e) Sentence: But they only (e) ________ (see) the good side of them... Answer: see Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "they" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু তারা কেবল নিজেদের ভালো দিকটাই দেখে এবং খারাপ দিকগুলো উপেক্ষা করে। (f) Sentence: ...(f) ________ (overlook) the bad ones. (Prompt mentions 'once', corrected to 'ones') Answer: overlooking Explanation: Present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to combine clauses, showing a simultaneous action (seeing the good while overlooking the bad). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমসাময়িক কাজ (একদিকে ভালোটা দেখা এবং অন্যদিকে খারাপটা এড়িয়ে যাওয়া) বোঝাতে Present Participle (Verb + -ing) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু তারা কেবল নিজেদের ভালো দিকটাই দেখে এবং খারাপ দিকগুলো উপেক্ষা করে। (g) & (h) (Reconstructed from prompt: We ourselves (g) criticize and (h) shun the bad.) Sentence: We ourselves (g) ________ (criticize) and (h) ________ (shun) the bad. Answer: criticize / shun Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general behavioral statement. Plural subject "We" takes base verbs. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: মানুষের সাধারণ আচরণ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "We" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা নিজেরাই অন্যদের সমালোচনা করি এবং খারাপ বিষয়গুলো এড়িয়ে চলি। (i) Sentence: But the reality is that we always (i) ________ (backbite) others... Answer: backbite Explanation: The adverb "always" indicates Present Indefinite Tense. "We" is plural, so it takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "always" (সবসময়) শব্দটি Present Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। সাবজেক্ট "We" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু বাস্তবতা হলো আমরা সবসময় অন্যদের নামে কুৎসা রটনা করি যা কাম্য (বা প্রত্যাশিত) নয়। (j) Sentence: ...that is not (j) ________ (imagine/expect). Answer: imagined / expected Explanation: Passive structure ("is not + V3") functioning as an adjective to describe the action of backbiting. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Passive গঠন ("is not + V3") যা ব্যাকবাইটিং-এর অবস্থাকে (অপ্রত্যাশিত বা অকল্পনীয়) বর্ণনা করতে Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু বাস্তবতা হলো আমরা সবসময় অন্যদের নামে কুৎসা রটনা করি যা কাম্য (বা প্রত্যাশিত) নয়। 7. Barishal Board-2025 (a) Sentence: E-Commerce is rapidly being (a) ________ (spread/promote) in our country. Answer: spread / promoted Explanation: Present Continuous Passive Tense. The structure is "am/is/are + being + past participle (V3)". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Continuous Passive-এর গঠন (am/is/are + being + V3)। ই-কমার্স নিজে ছড়াচ্ছে না, এর প্রসার ঘটানো হচ্ছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের দেশে ই-কমার্স দ্রুত প্রসারিত হচ্ছে। (b) Sentence: It may be (b) ________ (define) as a business process through electronic transition. Answer: defined Explanation: Passive voice with a modal ("modal + be + V3"). It is defined by people. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal যুক্ত Passive voice ("modal + be + V3")। একে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা হয়, তাই past participle বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এটিকে বৈদ্যুতিন লেনদেনের মাধ্যমে একটি ব্যবসায়িক প্রক্রিয়া হিসেবে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা যেতে পারে। (c) Sentence: Buyers and sellers are not (c) ________ (require) to talk face to face. Answer: required Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite. They don't "require"; the system does not require them to talk (they are not required). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এর Passive voice। তাদের মুখোমুখি কথা বলার বাধ্যবাধকতা নেই, তাই V3 বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ক্রেতা এবং বিক্রেতাদের মুখোমুখি কথা বলার প্রয়োজন হয় না। (d) Sentence: We may get our required product (d) ________ (stay) at home. Answer: staying Explanation: Present participle (Verb + -ing) showing how the action is achieved (by staying at home). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কীভাবে কাজটি সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে তা বোঝাতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (বাড়িতে থেকেই)। Sentence Translation: আমরা বাড়িতে থেকেই আমাদের প্রয়োজনীয় পণ্য পেতে পারি। (e) Sentence: One of the best opportunities (e) ________ (be) that businessmen... Answer: is Explanation: The subject is "One", which is singular (despite the plural noun "opportunities" in the prepositional phrase). It takes "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: মূল সাবজেক্ট হলো "One" যা সিঙ্গুলার (যদিও এরপর প্লুরাল নাউন "opportunities" আছে)। তাই 'be' verb হিসেবে "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: অন্যতম সেরা সুযোগ হলো দেশ-বিদেশের ব্যবসায়ীরা তাদের নিজ নিজ দেশে অবস্থান করে এই ব্যবস্থা ব্যবহার করে তাদের ব্যবসা পরিচালনা করতে পারেন। (f) Sentence: ...can (f) ________ (direct/promote) their business using this system... Answer: direct / promote Explanation: The modal verb "can" is always followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "can"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: অন্যতম সেরা সুযোগ হলো দেশ-বিদেশের ব্যবসায়ীরা তাদের নিজ নিজ দেশে অবস্থান করে এই ব্যবস্থা ব্যবহার করে তাদের ব্যবসা পরিচালনা করতে পারেন। (g) Sentence: ...(g) ________ (remain) in their respective countries. Answer: remaining Explanation: Present participle (Verb + -ing) indicating an ongoing state that happens simultaneously with directing the business. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমসাময়িক অবস্থা (নিজেদের দেশে অবস্থান করেই) বোঝাতে Present participle (Verb + -ing) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: অন্যতম সেরা সুযোগ হলো দেশ-বিদেশের ব্যবসায়ীরা তাদের নিজ নিজ দেশে অবস্থান করে এই ব্যবস্থা ব্যবহার করে তাদের ব্যবসা পরিচালনা করতে পারেন। (h) Sentence: It (h) ________ (provide) us with global information, resources and services. Answer: provides Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a fact. Singular subject "It" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "It" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি আমাদের বৈশ্বিক তথ্য, সম্পদ এবং পরিষেবা প্রদান করে। (i) Sentence: It is (i) ________ (anticipate) that it will... Answer: anticipated Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense ("It is + V3"). It means "People anticipate that". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice ("It is + V3")। এর অর্থ 'এমনটা প্রত্যাশা করা হয়'। Sentence Translation: আশা করা হচ্ছে যে এটি খুব শিগগিরই আমাদের দেশীয় ব্যবসাকে উন্নীত করবে। (j) Sentence: ...that it will (j) ________ (promote) our domestic business very soon. Answer: promote Explanation: The modal auxiliary "will" requires the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Future tense-এর auxiliary "will"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: আশা করা হচ্ছে যে এটি খুব শিগগিরই আমাদের দেশীয় ব্যবসাকে উন্নীত করবে। 8. Chattogram Board-2025 (a) Sentence: The price hike of household products (a) ________ (be) now a great problem for us. Answer: is Explanation: The word "now" indicates the present state. The true subject "The price hike" is singular, so "is" is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "now" শব্দটি বর্তমান অবস্থা নির্দেশ করে। মূল সাবজেক্ট "The price hike" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: গৃহস্থালির পণ্যের মূল্যবৃদ্ধি এখন আমাদের জন্য একটি বড় সমস্যা। (b) Sentence: Everyday we (b) ________ (face) it. Answer: face Explanation: "Everyday" indicates a habitual present action (Present Indefinite Tense). Subject "we" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Everyday" (প্রতিদিন) শব্দটি বর্তমানের নিত্যনৈমিত্তিক কাজ বোঝায়। সাবজেক্ট "we" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: প্রতিদিন আমরা এর সম্মুখীন হচ্ছি। (c) Sentence: Most of the people (c) ________ (have) low income... Answer: having Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used as an adjective phrase modifying "people" (meaning "who have"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "people" noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য Present participle (Verb + -ing) একটি Adjective ফ্রেজ হিসেবে বসেছে (যার অর্থ 'যাদের আছে')। Sentence Translation: স্বল্প আয়ের অধিকাংশ মানুষ বিপদে আছেন। (d) Sentence: ...Most of the people... (d) ________ (be) in danger. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The plural subject "Most of the people" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Most of the people"-এর সাথে "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: স্বল্প আয়ের অধিকাংশ মানুষ বিপদে আছেন। (e) Sentence: They (e) ________ (think) of purchasing meat and fish... Answer: cannot think Explanation: The context demands a negative inability (they are poor, so they are unable to think of buying expensive food). The modal "cannot" + base verb is added to fit the meaning. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী তারা মাংস ও মাছ কেনার কথা ভাবতেও অক্ষম। তাই অর্থের সামঞ্জস্য আনতে modal "cannot" + মূল verb ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তারা মাংস ও মাছ কেনার কথা চিন্তাও করতে পারেন না কারণ এতে অনেক অর্থের প্রয়োজন হয়। (f) Sentence: ...as they (f) ________ (require) [a lot of money/it requires]. (Sentence seems truncated in prompt) Answer: require Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "they" (meat and fish) require money. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট (মাংস এবং মাছ)-এর জন্য মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা মাংস ও মাছ কেনার কথা চিন্তাও করতে পারেন না কারণ এতে অনেক অর্থের প্রয়োজন হয়। (g) Sentence: We are to (g) ________ (bargain) over buying even simple products. Answer: bargain Explanation: The structure "be to" (am to/is to/are to) implies obligation or necessity, followed by the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "be to" (am to/is to/are to) গঠনটি বাধ্যবাধকতা বা প্রয়োজনীয়তা বোঝায় এবং এর পর verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: এমনকি সাধারণ পণ্য কেনার সময়ও আমাদের দরকষাকষি করতে হয়। (h) Sentence: Many times the buyers (h) ________ (cheat). Answer: are cheated Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. Buyers do not cheat themselves; they are cheated by sellers. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। ক্রেতারা নিজে প্রতারণা করেন না; বিক্রেতারা তাদের ঠকায়, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অনেক সময় ক্রেতারা প্রতারিত হন। (i) Sentence: The sellers cheat the buyers at the time of (i) ________ (weigh) something. Answer: weighing Explanation: The preposition "of" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: বিক্রেতারা কোনো কিছু ওজন করার সময় ক্রেতাদের ঠকায়। (j) Sentence: Some steps have (j) ________ (take) by the government to identify the culprits. Answer: been taken Explanation: Present Perfect Passive Tense (have/has + been + V3). The steps did not take themselves; the government took them (indicated by "by"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Perfect Passive-এর গঠন (have + been + V3)। পদক্ষেপগুলো নিজে নিজে নেওয়া হয়নি, সরকার নিয়েছে, তাই Passive হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অপরাধীদের চিহ্নিত করতে সরকারের পক্ষ থেকে কিছু পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া হয়েছে। 9. Mymensingh Board-2025 (a) Sentence: The flood (a) ________ (occur) recently in Chattogram division... Answer: occurring Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) acts as an adjective modifying "The flood" (meaning "The flood which occurred"). Alternatively, "that occurred" is also grammatically correct. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "The flood" noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ 'সম্প্রতি ঘটে যাওয়া বন্যা')। Sentence Translation: সম্প্রতি চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগে ঘটে যাওয়া বন্যা অতীতের সব রেকর্ড ভেঙে দিয়েছে। (b) Sentence: ...The flood... (b) ________ (break) all records of the past. Answer: broke Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The event happened "recently", breaking past records. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের একটি ঘটনা বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সম্প্রতি চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগে ঘটে যাওয়া বন্যা অতীতের সব রেকর্ড ভেঙে দিয়েছে। (c) Sentence: Never before did water level rise so high nor (c) ________ (be) the duration so long. Answer: was Explanation: Inversion structure after the negative word "nor". The subject "the duration" is singular, so it takes the past verb "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: নেতিবাচক শব্দ "nor"-এর পর Inversion গঠন (verb আগে, subject পরে) হয়। সাবজেক্ট "the duration" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "was" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এর আগে কখনো পানির স্তর এতটা উঁচুতে ওঠেনি বা এত দীর্ঘস্থায়ীও হয়নি। (d) Sentence: Normal activities have been (d) ________ (stop) for a long time. Answer: stopped Explanation: Present Perfect Passive Tense (have + been + V3). Activities do not stop themselves; circumstances stop them. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Passive Tense (have + been + V3)। স্বাভাবিক কাজকর্ম নিজে বন্ধ হয়নি, পরিস্থিতির কারণে বন্ধ হয়ে গেছে। Sentence Translation: স্বাভাবিক কাজকর্ম দীর্ঘদিন ধরে বন্ধ রয়েছে। (e) Sentence: Thousands of people have (e) ________ (become) homeless and clothless. Answer: become Explanation: Present Perfect Tense. The auxiliary "have" is followed by the past participle (V3). The V3 of "become" is "become". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Tense। Auxiliary verb "have"-এর পর মূল verb-এর past participle (V3) বসেছে ("become"-এর V3 রূপ "become" ই থাকে)। Sentence Translation: হাজার হাজার মানুষ গৃহহীন ও বস্ত্রহীন হয়ে পড়েছে। (f) Sentence: The miseries of flood (f) ________ (affect) people know no bounds. Answer: affected Explanation: A past participle acting as an adjective modifying "people" (meaning "people who are affected by flood"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "people" শব্দটিকে বর্ণনা করতে past participle-টি Adjective হিসেবে বসেছে (যার অর্থ 'বন্যা কবলিত মানুষ')। Sentence Translation: বন্যা কবলিত মানুষের দুর্দশার কোনো সীমা নেই। (g) Sentence: Crops have been greatly (g) ________ (damage). Answer: damaged Explanation: Present Perfect Passive Tense (have + been + V3). Crops receive the damage. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Passive Tense (have + been + V3)। ফসলের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি সাধন করা হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ফসলের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি হয়েছে। (h) Sentence: Herds of cattle (h) ________ (wash) away. Answer: were washed Explanation: Past Indefinite Passive. The cattle did not wash themselves away; the flood waters did. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। গবাদি পশু নিজে ভেসে যায়নি, বন্যার জলে ভেসে গেছে। Sentence Translation: পালের পর পাল গবাদিপশু ভেসে গেছে। (i) Sentence: Thousands of people (i) ________ (lose) their shelters. Answer: lost Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense describing the tragedy that occurred. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ঘটে যাওয়া একটি ট্র্যাজেডি বর্ণনা করতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: হাজার হাজার মানুষ তাদের আশ্রয় হারিয়েছে। (j) Sentence: They (j) ________ (be) now living under the open air. Answer: are Explanation: The word "now" paired with the present participle "living" creates the Present Continuous Tense. The plural subject "They" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "now" শব্দটি এবং verb-এর সাথে "-ing" থাকায় এটি Present Continuous Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে 'be' verb "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা এখন খোলা আকাশের নিচে বসবাস করছে।

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Dhaka Board (DB-2024) Once upon a time, there (a) ________ (be) a king who was very fond of (b) ________ (know) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (c) ________ (stop) at his capital on his way home. The king called on him to (d) ________ (know) about the future and the astrologer (e) ________ (tell) him something unpleasant. At this the king (f) ________ (get) furious and (g) ________ (condemn) him to death saying, "Men like you (h) ________ (live) to spoil the peace of the world." But another thought (i) ________ (cross) his mind before the astrologer (j) ________ (send) for execution." "How long will you (k) ________ (live)?" asked the king. With ready wit, the astrologer said, "The stars (l) ________ (declare) that I shall die only a week before your majesty, so goodbye." (m) ________ (hear) this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this wretch away, let him (n) ________ (come) here again." (a) was (b) knowing (c) stopped (d) know (e) told (f) got (g) condemned (h) should not live (i) had crossed (j) was sent (k) live (l) declare (m) Hearing (n) not come 2. Mymensingh Board (MB-2024) Man has unquenchable thirst for knowledge. He is never (a) ________ (satisfy) with what he already (b) ________ (know) and (c) ________ (see). Naturally he (d) ________ (want) to know and (e) ________ (see) more and more. This curiosity for (f) ________ (know) more has (g) ________ (inspire) him (h) ________ (undertake) and (i) ________ (carry) out difficult and dangerous tasks which eventually (j) ________ (result) in epoch making discoveries and inventions and (k) ________ (lead) him in his long and continuous journey from his helpless state of caveman to his present situations of power and progress. If he (l) ________ (be) helpless still now, he would not have (m) ________ (be) able to control all powers and forces. (n) ________ (invent) so many technologies he now controls almost all destructive powers and forces. (a) satisfied (b) has known (c) seen (d) wants (e) see (f) knowing (g) inspired (h) to undertake (i) carry (j) have resulted (k) led/have led (l) had been (m) been (n) Inventing 3. Cumilla Board (CB-2024) Students get themselves (a) ________ (admit) into universities for higher education. They acquire higher education from two streams; one is public and the other is private. The private universities (b) ________ (be) open to all but one has to (c) ________ (face) tough competition for (d) ________ (get) a seat there. The public universities are cheaper in terms of tution fees. They (e) ________ (offer) residential and boarding facilities at subsidized rates. But public universities often (f) ________ (face) a number of problems. Student politics (g) ________ (play) a vital role in (h) ________ (deteriorate) the academic environment there. As a result, students (i) ________ (face) session jam. So, the conscious and moneyed persons (j) ________ (impress) by the private universities. Since this is the age of privatization, the private universities (k) ________ (become) popular day by day. Besides, it is less difficult (l) ________ (get) a seat in a private university but here they are to pay a lot. However, the private sectors have some limitations. In fact, the two streams should (m) ________ (develop) in a balanced way. Because, both sectors are playing important roles with a view to (n) ________ (make) the nation highly educated. (a) admitted (b) are (c) face (d) getting (e) offer (f) face (g) plays (h) deteriorating (i) face (j) are impressed (k) are becoming (l) to get (m) be developed (n) making 4. Rajshahi Board (RB-2024) The life of our farmers (a) ________ (be) full of hardships. Many a farmer (b) ________ (not know) how to cultivate scientifically. They (c) ________ (work) hard from dawn to dusk. But their toil (d) ________ (go) awry due to lack of scientific knowledge. Our government offers a lot of opportunities to them with a view to (e) ________ (eliminate) their sufferings. Unfortunately, they (f) ________ (not avail) themselves of those opportunities. It is time they (g) ________ (to get) scientific education and all concerned (h) ________ (to help) them. If they (i) ________ (to educate), they (j) ________ (to contribute) better to the prosperity of the country. The prosperity of our country (k) ________ (to lie) in their proper education. (l) ________ (to educate) a farmer (m) ________ (mean) educating a family and a nation. And, it (n) ________ (to result) in greater success in every sector of the country. (a) is (b) does not know (c) work (d) goes (e) eliminating (f) do not avail (g) got (h) helped (i) were educated (j) would contribute (k) lies (l) Educating (m) means (n) results 5. Dinajpur Board (DjB-2024) We can't help (a) ________ (rely) on English. Now, English is (b) ________ (use) as a common language for global communication. It (c) ________ (recognize) as an international language. English is important for (d) ________ (maintain) communication with our development partners. A good command of English as well as regular practices (e) ________ (be) essential for us. 80% information of all the computers (f) ________ (be) in English. With a view to (g) ________ (exchange) our views with the rest of the world, we have to (h) ________ (learn) English. Moreover, we (i) ________ (provide) with the good scope of (j) ________ (enjoy) the best books through English. English (k) ________ (be) now no longer the native speaker's language. Now it (l) ________ (belong) to the world's people. It is high time we (m) ________ (pay) more attention to English. Otherwise, we (n) ________ (lag) behind. (a) relying (b) used/being used (c) is recognized (d) maintaining (e) is (f) is (g) exchanging (h) learn (i) are provided (j) enjoying (k) is (l) belongs (m) paid (n) will/shall lag 6. Jashore Board (JB-2024) Dear Mr. and Mrs. Biswas, We are very (a) ________ (concern) about your son Rahel's behaviour. He (b) ________ (play) truant from school three times last month. When he (c) ________ (come) to class, he usually, (d) ________ (not concentrate) on his lessons. He does not seem to understand texts and never (e) ________ (ask) any questions. The only time he (f) ________ (show) any initiative is in (g) ________ (make) excuses for not (h) ________ (to have) (i) ________ (do) his homework. Although he (j) ________ (have) a natural talent for art, he even (k) ________ (not take) any interest in art lessons. This is (l) ________ (disappoint), because even last year he (m) ________ (be) attentive in his studies. We hoped he (n) ________ (win) a scholarship. I would like to request you to come to school to discuss this situation further. Yours Sincerely, J. H. Khan, Principal. (a) concerned (b) played (c) comes (d) doesn't concentrate (e) asks (f) shows (g) making (h) having (i) done (j) has (k) doesn't take (l) disappointing (m) was (n) would win 7. Chattogram Board (CtgB-2024) Relationships (a) ________ (be) of different kinds. Some (b) ________ (be) familial and intimate, (c) ________ (form) by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some (d) ________ (make) in school where we (e) ________ (form) close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationship can also (f) ________ (foster) in workplace, which may quickly (g) ________ (change) from professional to social. There (h) ________ (be) relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they can't (i) ________ (part) with. All these relationships (j) ________ (keep) us close to each other and (k) ________ (provide) us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person (l) ________ (have) no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There (m) ________ (be) no one to laugh or (n) ________ (cry) with him/her. (a) are (b) are (c) formed (d) are made (e) form (f) be fostered (g) change (h) are (i) part (j) keep (k) provide (l) having (m) is (n) cry 8. Barishal Board (BB-2024) Tigers (a) ________ (know) as ferocious animals. But they hardly (b) ________ (kill) any animal when they are not hungry. Usually the tigers (c) ________ (reside) in the deep forest. They are hardly (d) ________ (see) in the open unless there (e) ________ (to be) a strong necessity. They often remain (f) ________ (hide) under the deep green in search of the prey. Whenever they (g) ________ (discern) any prospective prey, they take a pose to (h) ________ (fall) upon it. Tigers often (i) ________ (unite) themselves to (j) ________ (attack) their prey from different directions. An adult tiger (k) ________ (devour) 20 to 30 kilograms of meat at a single meal. In our Sundarbans, the number of tigers (l) ________ (decrease) day by day. Poaching and illegal trafficking (m) ________ (to be) the main reasons of decrease. So the concerned authority should be committed to (n) ________ (take) action to protect the tigers. (a) are known (b) kill (c) reside (d) seen (e) is (f) hidden (g) discern (h) fall (i) unite (j) attack (k) devours (l) is decreasing (m) are (n) taking Answer with Explanation 1. Dhaka Board (DB-2024) (a) Sentence: Once upon a time, there (a) ________ (be) a king... Answer: was Explanation: The phrase "Once upon a time" indicates a story set in the past, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense. The subject "a king" is singular, so the 'be' verb is "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Once upon a time" (একদা) ফ্রেজটি অতীত কালের গল্প নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি Past Indefinite Tense হবে। সাবজেক্ট "a king" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় 'be' verb হিসেবে "was" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: একদা এক রাজা ছিলেন যিনি জ্যোতিষীদের কাছ থেকে নিজের ভবিষ্যৎ জানতে খুব পছন্দ করতেন। (b) Sentence: ...who was very fond of (b) ________ (know) his future from the astrologers. Answer: knowing Explanation: The preposition "of" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: একদা এক রাজা ছিলেন যিনি জ্যোতিষীদের কাছ থেকে নিজের ভবিষ্যৎ জানতে খুব পছন্দ করতেন। (c) Sentence: A famous astrologer (c) ________ (stop) at his capital on his way home. Answer: stopped Explanation: This sentence describes an event that happened in the past narrative, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি অতীতের একটি ঘটনা বর্ণনা করছে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একজন বিখ্যাত জ্যোতিষী বাড়ি ফেরার পথে রাজার রাজধানীতে থামলেন। (d) Sentence: The king called on him to (d) ________ (know) about the future... Answer: know Explanation: The infinitive marker "to" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Infinitive "to"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: রাজা ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কে জানার জন্য তাকে ডাকলেন এবং জ্যোতিষী তাকে অপ্রীতিকর কিছু বলেছিলেন। (e) Sentence: ...and the astrologer (e) ________ (tell) him something unpleasant. Answer: told Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The conjunction "and" connects this past action to the previous past action ("called"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense। Conjunction "and" এই অতীত ঘটনাটিকে আগের অতীত ঘটনার ("called") সাথে যুক্ত করেছে। Sentence Translation: রাজা ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কে জানার জন্য তাকে ডাকলেন এবং জ্যোতিষী তাকে অপ্রীতিকর কিছু বলেছিলেন। (f) Sentence: At this the king (f) ________ (get) furious... Answer: got Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense representing a reaction in the past sequence of events. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের ঘটনাপ্রবাহের একটি প্রতিক্রিয়া বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এতে রাজা ক্ষিপ্ত হয়ে গেলেন এবং তাকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়ে বললেন, "তোমার মতো মানুষের পৃথিবীর শান্তি নষ্ট করার জন্য বেঁচে থাকা উচিত নয়।" (g) Sentence: ...and (g) ________ (condemn) him to death saying... Answer: condemned Explanation: Parallelism rule. The conjunction "and" connects two past verbs: "got" and "condemned". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। "and" conjunction-টি দুটি অতীত কালের verb-কে যুক্ত করেছে ("got" এবং "condemned")। Sentence Translation: এতে রাজা ক্ষিপ্ত হয়ে গেলেন এবং তাকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়ে বললেন, "তোমার মতো মানুষের পৃথিবীর শান্তি নষ্ট করার জন্য বেঁচে থাকা উচিত নয়।" (h) Sentence: "Men like you (h) ________ (live) to spoil the peace of the world." Answer: should not live Explanation: Direct speech expressing a strong condemnation or moral judgment. The modal "should not" + base verb conveys this meaning appropriately. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Direct speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) যা তীব্র নিন্দা বা উচিত-অনুচিত নির্দেশ করছে। তাই অর্থ মেলাতে modal "should not" + মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এতে রাজা ক্ষিপ্ত হয়ে গেলেন এবং তাকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়ে বললেন, "তোমার মতো মানুষের পৃথিবীর শান্তি নষ্ট করার জন্য বেঁচে থাকা উচিত নয়।" (i) Sentence: But another thought (i) ________ (cross) his mind before the astrologer (j) ________ (send) for execution. Answer: had crossed Explanation: When two past actions are connected by "before", the earlier action takes the Past Perfect Tense (had + V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের দুটি কাজ "before" দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে, যে কাজটি আগে ঘটে সেটি Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) হয়। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু জ্যোতিষীকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর করার জন্য পাঠানোর আগে রাজার মনে আরেকটি চিন্তার উদয় হলো। (j) Sentence: ...before the astrologer (j) ________ (send) for execution. Answer: was sent Explanation: The later action in a "before" clause takes Past Indefinite. Here, it is passive because the astrologer receives the action of being sent. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "before"-এর পরের কাজটি Past Indefinite হয়। এখানে এটি Passive voice-এ হবে কারণ জ্যোতিষী নিজে যাননি, তাকে পাঠানো হয়েছিল। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু জ্যোতিষীকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড কার্যকর করার জন্য পাঠানোর আগে রাজার মনে আরেকটি চিন্তার উদয় হলো। (k) Sentence: "How long will you (k) ________ (live)?" asked the king. Answer: live Explanation: The modal auxiliary verb "will" is always followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal auxiliary verb "will"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: "তুমি আর কতদিন বাঁচবে?" রাজা জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন। (l) Sentence: With ready wit, the astrologer said, "The stars (l) ________ (declare) that I shall die only a week before your majesty, so goodbye." Answer: declare Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The astrologer is stating a 'fact' written in the stars, which requires the plural base verb for "The stars". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। জ্যোতিষী তার ভাগ্যের একটি 'সত্য' উল্লেখ করছেন, তাই প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "The stars"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উপস্থিত বুদ্ধি খাটিয়ে জ্যোতিষী বললেন, "তারাগুলো ঘোষণা করে যে আমি জাঁহাপনার মাত্র এক সপ্তাহ আগে মারা যাব, তাই বিদায়।" (m) Sentence: (m) ________ (hear) this, the king turned pale like a dead man... Answer: Hearing Explanation: Present participle (Verb + -ing) is used to combine clauses, replacing "When he heard this". It indicates an action happening simultaneously or causing the next action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ক্লজগুলোকে যুক্ত করতে এবং "When he heard this"-এর পরিবর্তে Present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। এটি নির্দেশ করে একটি কাজ ঘটার সাথে সাথেই অন্য একটি কাজ ঘটেছে। Sentence Translation: একথা শুনে রাজা মৃত মানুষের মতো ফ্যাকাশে হয়ে গেলেন এবং চিৎকার করে বললেন, "এই হতভাগাকে তাড়িয়ে দাও, তাকে আর এখানে আসতে দিও না।" (n) Sentence: ..."Drive this wretch away, let him (n) ________ (come) here again." Answer: not come Explanation: The causative verb "let" is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (base verb without 'to'). Since the context requires a negative command, "not come" is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Causative verb "let"-এর পর object এবং bare infinitive ("to" ছাড়া verb) বসে। যেহেতু বাক্যটির অর্থ নেতিবাচক নির্দেশ দিচ্ছে, তাই "not come" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: একথা শুনে রাজা মৃত মানুষের মতো ফ্যাকাশে হয়ে গেলেন এবং চিৎকার করে বললেন, "এই হতভাগাকে তাড়িয়ে দাও, তাকে আর এখানে আসতে দিও না।" 2. Mymensingh Board (MB-2024) (a) Sentence: He is never (a) ________ (satisfy) with what he already... Answer: satisfied Explanation: The "be" verb ("is") is followed by the past participle form acting as an adjective (subject complement). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "be" verb ("is")-এর পর verb-এর past participle রূপটি Adjective (subject complement) হিসেবে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সে ইতোমধ্যেই যা জেনেছে এবং দেখেছে তা নিয়ে সে কখনোই সন্তুষ্ট নয়। (b) Sentence: ...with what he already (b) ________ (know)... Answer: has known Explanation: The adverb "already" typically triggers the Present Perfect Tense (has/have + V3), linking past achievements to the present state. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "already" (ইতোমধ্যেই) শব্দটি সাধারণত Present Perfect Tense (has/have + V3) নির্দেশ করে। Sentence Translation: সে ইতোমধ্যেই যা জেনেছে এবং দেখেছে তা নিয়ে সে কখনোই সন্তুষ্ট নয়। (c) Sentence: ...and (c) ________ (see). Answer: seen Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction "and" connects it to the previous present perfect verb ("has known and [has] seen"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। Conjunction "and" দ্বারা এটি আগের present perfect verb-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে, তাই এটিও V3 ফর্মে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সে ইতোমধ্যেই যা জেনেছে এবং দেখেছে তা নিয়ে সে কখনোই সন্তুষ্ট নয়। (d) Sentence: Naturally he (d) ________ (want) to know... Answer: wants Explanation: The word "Naturally" indicates a habitual or general truth, requiring Present Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "he" takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Naturally" শব্দটি একটি সাধারণ বা চিরন্তন সত্য নির্দেশ করে, তাই Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। সাবজেক্ট "he" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: স্বভাবতই সে আরও বেশি জানতে এবং দেখতে চায়। (e) Sentence: ...to know and (e) ________ (see) more and more. Answer: see Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction "and" connects two infinitives: "to know and [to] see". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" conjunction-টি দুটি infinitive-কে যুক্ত করেছে: "to know and [to] see"। Sentence Translation: স্বভাবতই সে আরও বেশি জানতে এবং দেখতে চায়। (f) Sentence: This curiosity for (f) ________ (know) more... Answer: knowing Explanation: The preposition "for" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "for"-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: আরও জানার এই কৌতূহল তাকে কঠিন ও বিপজ্জনক কাজ গ্রহণ করতে এবং তা সম্পাদন করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে... (g) Sentence: ...has (g) ________ (inspire) him... Answer: inspired Explanation: Present Perfect Tense. The auxiliary "has" is followed by the past participle (V3) of the main verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Perfect Tense. Auxiliary verb "has"-এর পর মূল verb-এর past participle (V3) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আরও জানার এই কৌতূহল তাকে কঠিন ও বিপজ্জনক কাজ গ্রহণ করতে এবং তা সম্পাদন করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে... (h) Sentence: ...has inspired him (h) ________ (undertake)... Answer: to undertake Explanation: The verb pattern "inspire someone to do something" requires an infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "inspire someone to do something" (কাউকে কোনো কিছু করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করা)-এই গঠনে infinitive (to + V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: আরও জানার এই কৌতূহল তাকে কঠিন ও বিপজ্জনক কাজ গ্রহণ করতে এবং তা সম্পাদন করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে... (i) Sentence: ...and (i) ________ (carry) out difficult and dangerous tasks... Answer: carry Explanation: Parallelism. Connected by "and" to the previous infinitive ("to undertake and [to] carry"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি আগের infinitive-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে ("to undertake and [to] carry")। Sentence Translation: আরও জানার এই কৌতূহল তাকে কঠিন ও বিপজ্জনক কাজ গ্রহণ করতে এবং তা সম্পাদন করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে... (j) Sentence: ...which eventually (j) ________ (result) in epoch making discoveries and inventions... Answer: have resulted Explanation: The relative pronoun "which" refers to the plural antecedent "tasks". Present Perfect Tense fits the context of past actions having present results. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "which" তার পূর্ববর্তী প্লুরাল শব্দ "tasks"-কে নির্দেশ করছে। অতীতের কাজের ফলাফল বর্তমানে বিরাজমান থাকায় Present Perfect Tense বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...যা শেষ পর্যন্ত যুগান্তকারী আবিষ্কার এবং উদ্ভাবনের রূপ নিয়েছে এবং তাকে গুহামানবের অসহায় অবস্থা থেকে বর্তমানের শক্তি ও অগ্রগতির পরিস্থিতিতে পরিচালিত করেছে। (k) Sentence: ...and (k) ________ (lead) him in his long and continuous journey... Answer: led / have led Explanation: Parallelism. Connected to "have resulted" by the conjunction "and". It takes the V3 form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি "have resulted"-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয়েছে, তাই এটিও V3 ফর্মে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...যা শেষ পর্যন্ত যুগান্তকারী আবিষ্কার এবং উদ্ভাবনের রূপ নিয়েছে এবং তাকে গুহামানবের অসহায় অবস্থা থেকে বর্তমানের শক্তি ও অগ্রগতির পরিস্থিতিতে পরিচালিত করেছে। (l) Sentence: If he (l) ________ (be) helpless still now, he would not have (m) ________ (be) able to control all powers and forces. Answer: had been Explanation: This is a Type 3 (or mixed) Conditional structure. The main clause uses "would not have been", dictating that the 'if' clause should be in the Past Perfect Tense (had + V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Type 3 Conditional-এর গঠন। মূল ক্লজটিতে "would not have been" থাকায়, 'if' যুক্ত ক্লজটিতে Past Perfect Tense (had + V3) বসবে। Sentence Translation: যদি সে এখনও অসহায় থাকত, তবে সে সমস্ত শক্তি ও ক্ষমতা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে সক্ষম হতো না। (m) Sentence: ...he would not have (m) ________ (be) able to control all powers and forces. Answer: been Explanation: The modal perfect structure "would + have + past participle" requires the V3 form of "be", which is "been". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal perfect-এর গঠন "would + have + past participle" অনুযায়ী "be" verb-এর V3 রূপ "been" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যদি সে এখনও অসহায় থাকত, তবে সে সমস্ত শক্তি ও ক্ষমতা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে সক্ষম হতো না। (n) Sentence: (n) ________ (invent) so many technologies he now controls almost all destructive powers and forces. Answer: Inventing Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used at the beginning of the sentence to show the means or the action that led to the main clause ("By inventing..."). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের শুরুতে present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে যা বোঝায় কোন কাজের মাধ্যমে মূল ক্লজের কাজটি সম্পন্ন হয়েছে (উদ্ভাবন করার মাধ্যমে)। Sentence Translation: এত প্রযুক্তি উদ্ভাবন করে সে এখন প্রায় সমস্ত ধ্বংসাত্মক শক্তি ও ক্ষমতা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করছে। 3. Cumilla Board (CB-2024) (a) Sentence: Students get themselves (a) ________ (admit) into universities for higher education. Answer: admitted Explanation: The causative verb "get" followed by an object ("themselves") acting in a passive sense requires the past participle form (V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Causative verb "get"-এর পর অবজেক্ট ("themselves") যখন passive অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তখন verb-এর past participle (V3) বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষার্থীরা উচ্চশিক্ষার জন্য নিজেদের বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ভর্তি করায়। (b) Sentence: The private universities (b) ________ (be) open to all... Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general fact. Plural subject "universities" takes the plural 'be' verb "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ তথ্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "universities"-এর সাথে প্লুরাল 'be' verb হিসেবে "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো সবার জন্য উন্মুক্ত, তবে সেখানে একটি আসন পাওয়ার জন্য একজনকে কঠিন প্রতিযোগিতার সম্মুখীন হতে হয়। (c) Sentence: ...but one has to (c) ________ (face) tough competition... Answer: face Explanation: "Has to" is a semi-modal expressing obligation, followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Has to" একটি semi-modal যা বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায়, এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো সবার জন্য উন্মুক্ত, তবে সেখানে একটি আসন পাওয়ার জন্য একজনকে কঠিন প্রতিযোগিতার সম্মুখীন হতে হয়। (d) Sentence: ...for (d) ________ (get) a seat there. Answer: getting Explanation: The preposition "for" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "for"-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো সবার জন্য উন্মুক্ত, তবে সেখানে একটি আসন পাওয়ার জন্য একজনকে কঠিন প্রতিযোগিতার সম্মুখীন হতে হয়। (e) Sentence: They (e) ________ (offer) residential and boarding facilities at subsidized rates. Answer: offer Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for stating a regular service. Plural subject "They" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ তথ্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা ভর্তুকি মূল্যে আবাসিক ও বোর্ডিং সুবিধা প্রদান করে। (f) Sentence: But public universities often (f) ________ (face) a number of problems. Answer: face Explanation: The adverb "often" indicates Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "universities" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "often" শব্দটি Present Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "universities" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু সরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো প্রায়ই অনেক সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়। (g) Sentence: Student politics (g) ________ (play) a vital role... Answer: plays Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "Student politics" is a singular concept/subject, requiring an "-s" on the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "Student politics" সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে গণ্য হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সেখানকার একাডেমিক পরিবেশ অবনতি করার ক্ষেত্রে ছাত্ররাজনীতি একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। (h) Sentence: ...in (h) ________ (deteriorate) the academic environment there. Answer: deteriorating Explanation: The preposition "in" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "in"-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: সেখানকার একাডেমিক পরিবেশ অবনতি করার ক্ষেত্রে ছাত্ররাজনীতি একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। (i) Sentence: As a result, students (i) ________ (face) session jam. Answer: face Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "students" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "students"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এর ফলে শিক্ষার্থীরা সেশন জটের সম্মুখীন হয়। (j) Sentence: So, the conscious and moneyed persons (j) ________ (impress) by the private universities. Answer: are impressed Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. The persons do not impress; they receive the impression (indicated by "by"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। ব্যক্তিরা নিজে মুগ্ধ করছে না, বরং তারা মুগ্ধ হচ্ছে ("by" দ্বারা নির্দেশিত), তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তাই, সচেতন ও আর্থিকভাবে সচ্ছল ব্যক্তিরা বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলোর প্রতি আকৃষ্ট হন। (k) Sentence: Since this is the age of privatization, the private universities (k) ________ (become) popular day by day. Answer: are becoming Explanation: The phrase "day by day" indicates a gradual, ongoing change happening at the present time, requiring the Present Continuous Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "day by day" ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানে চলমান ধীরে ধীরে হওয়া একটি পরিবর্তন নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি Present Continuous Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: যেহেতু এটি বেসরকারিকরণের যুগ, তাই বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো দিন দিন জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠছে। (l) Sentence: Besides, it is less difficult (l) ________ (get) a seat in a private university... Answer: to get Explanation: The structure "It is + adjective" is typically followed by an infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "It is + adjective" গঠনের পর সাধারণত infinitive (to + V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: এছাড়া, বেসরকারি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে একটি আসন পাওয়া তুলনামূলক কম কঠিন, তবে এখানে তাদের প্রচুর টাকা দিতে হয়। (m) Sentence: In fact, the two streams should (m) ________ (develop) in a balanced way. Answer: be developed Explanation: Passive voice with a modal. The streams cannot develop themselves; they must receive the action, requiring "modal + be + V3". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal যুক্ত Passive voice। ধারা দুটি নিজে নিজে বিকশিত হতে পারে না, তাই "modal + be + V3" গঠনটি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বস্তুত, এই দুটি ধারাই সুষমভাবে বিকশিত হওয়া উচিত। (n) Sentence: Because, both sectors are playing important roles with a view to (n) ________ (make) the nation highly educated. Answer: making Explanation: The phrase "with a view to" is an exception to the standard infinitive rule and is strictly followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "with a view to" ফ্রেজটি সাধারণ infinitive নিয়মের একটি ব্যতিক্রম এবং এর পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: কারণ, জাতিকে উচ্চশিক্ষিত করে তোলার উদ্দেশ্যে উভয় খাতই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করছে। 4. Rajshahi Board (RB-2024) (a) Sentence: The life of our farmers (a) ________ (be) full of hardships. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The true subject is "The life" (singular), so the 'be' verb is "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট "The life" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় 'be' verb হিসেবে "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের কৃষকদের জীবন কষ্টে পরিপূর্ণ। (b) Sentence: Many a farmer (b) ________ (not know) how to cultivate scientifically. Answer: does not know Explanation: The phrase "Many a" + singular noun forms a grammatically singular subject, requiring a singular verb (does not). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Many a" + singular noun ফ্রেজটিকে ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়, তাই সিঙ্গুলার verb (does not) বসে। Sentence Translation: অনেক কৃষকই জানেন না কীভাবে বৈজ্ঞানিকভাবে চাষাবাদ করতে হয়। (c) Sentence: They (c) ________ (work) hard from dawn to dusk. Answer: work Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "They" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা সকাল থেকে সন্ধ্যা পর্যন্ত কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন। (d) Sentence: But their toil (d) ________ (go) awry due to lack of scientific knowledge. Answer: goes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "Toil" is an uncountable, singular subject, taking an "-es" on the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "Toil" (পরিশ্রম) একটি আনকাউন্টেবল সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট, তাই verb-এর সাথে "-es" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞানের অভাবে তাদের কঠোর পরিশ্রম বৃথা যায়। (e) Sentence: Our government offers a lot of opportunities to them with a view to (e) ________ (eliminate) their sufferings. Answer: eliminating Explanation: The phrase "with a view to" is strictly followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "with a view to" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তাদের দুর্দশা দূর করার উদ্দেশ্যে আমাদের সরকার তাদের অনেক সুযোগ-সুবিধা প্রদান করে। (f) Sentence: Unfortunately, they (f) ________ (not avail) themselves of those opportunities. Answer: do not avail Explanation: Present Indefinite negative. Plural subject "they" takes "do not" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপ। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they" হওয়ায় "do not" + মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, তারা সেই সুযোগগুলো কাজে লাগান না। (g) Sentence: It is time they (g) ________ (to get) scientific education... Answer: got Explanation: The phrase "It is time" + subject must be followed by a verb in the Past Indefinite Tense (V2) to express an overdue action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কাজ করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময় বোঝাতে "It is time" + subject-এর পর সবসময় Past Indefinite Tense (V2) বসে। Sentence Translation: তাদের বৈজ্ঞানিক শিক্ষা পাওয়ার এবং সংশ্লিষ্ট সকলের তাদের সাহায্য করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। (h) Sentence: ...and all concerned (h) ________ (to help) them. Answer: helped Explanation: Parallelism. It shares the rule from "It is time", connecting with "got", so it must also be in Past Indefinite (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। এটি "It is time"-এর নিয়মের অধীনে "got"-এর সাথে যুক্ত, তাই এটিও Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: তাদের বৈজ্ঞানিক শিক্ষা পাওয়ার এবং সংশ্লিষ্ট সকলের তাদের সাহায্য করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। (i) Sentence: If they (i) ________ (to educate), they (j) ________ (to contribute) better to the prosperity of the country. Answer: were educated Explanation: This acts as the 'if' clause of a Second Conditional (hypothetical). Since "they" receive education, it is in the passive voice (were + V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Second Conditional-এর 'if' ক্লজ। যেহেতু "তারা" শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করছে, তাই এটি Passive voice-এ (were + V3) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যদি তারা শিক্ষিত হতেন, তবে তারা দেশের সমৃদ্ধিতে আরও ভালোভাবে অবদান রাখতে পারতেন। (j) Sentence: If they (i) ________ (to educate), they (j) ________ (to contribute) better to the prosperity of the country. Answer: would contribute Explanation: The main clause of a Second Conditional sentence uses the structure "would/could/might + base verb (V1)". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Second Conditional বাক্যের মূল ক্লজে "would/could/might + base verb (V1)" গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: যদি তারা শিক্ষিত হতেন, তবে তারা দেশের সমৃদ্ধিতে আরও ভালোভাবে অবদান রাখতে পারতেন। (k) Sentence: The prosperity of our country (k) ________ (to lie) in their proper education. Answer: lies Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a fact. "The prosperity" is a singular subject, requiring "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। "The prosperity" সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের দেশের সমৃদ্ধি তাদের সঠিক শিক্ষার মধ্যেই নিহিত। (l) Sentence: (l) ________ (to educate) a farmer (m) ________ (mean) educating a family and a nation. Answer: Educating Explanation: When a verb functions as the subject of a sentence, it is typically converted into a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: যখন কোনো verb বাক্যের সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে কাজ করে, তখন সাধারণত তাকে gerund (Verb + -ing)-এ রূপান্তর করা হয়। Sentence Translation: একজন কৃষককে শিক্ষিত করা মানে একটি পরিবার ও একটি জাতিকে শিক্ষিত করা। (m) Sentence: (l) ________ (to educate) a farmer (m) ________ (mean) educating a family and a nation. Answer: means Explanation: A gerund phrase acting as a subject is singular, requiring a singular verb (adding "-s"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Gerund ফ্রেজ সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে বসলে তা সিঙ্গুলার হয়, তাই verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একজন কৃষককে শিক্ষিত করা মানে একটি পরিবার ও একটি জাতিকে শিক্ষিত করা। (n) Sentence: And, it (n) ________ (to result) in greater success in every sector of the country. Answer: results Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The pronoun "it" is third-person singular, adding "-s" to the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Pronoun "it" থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় মূল verb-এর শেষে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এবং, এর ফলে দেশের প্রতিটি খাতে বৃহত্তর সাফল্য আসবে (বা আসে)। 5. Dinajpur Board (DjB-2024) (a) Sentence: We can't help (a) ________ (rely) on English. Answer: relying Explanation: The idiomatic phrase "can't help" or "couldn't help" is always followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "can't help" বা "couldn't help" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: আমরা ইংরেজির ওপর নির্ভর না করে পারি না। (b) Sentence: Now, English is (b) ________ (use) as a common language for global communication. Answer: used / being used Explanation: Passive voice. "is used" expresses a general fact, while "is being used" emphasizes an ongoing present action due to the word "Now". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive voice। "is used" সাধারণ সত্য বোঝায়, আর বাক্যে "Now" থাকায় বর্তমানের চলমান কাজ বোঝাতে "is being used" ব্যবহার করা যায়। Sentence Translation: এখন বৈশ্বিক যোগাযোগের সাধারণ ভাষা হিসেবে ইংরেজি ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। (c) Sentence: It (c) ________ (recognize) as an international language. Answer: is recognized Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. The subject "It" (English) receives the action of being recognized. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। সাবজেক্ট "It" (ইংরেজি) নিজে স্বীকৃতি দিচ্ছে না, বরং তাকে স্বীকৃতি দেওয়া হচ্ছে। Sentence Translation: এটি একটি আন্তর্জাতিক ভাষা হিসেবে স্বীকৃত। (d) Sentence: English is important for (d) ________ (maintain) communication with our development partners. Answer: maintaining Explanation: The preposition "for" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "for"-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের উন্নয়ন সহযোগীদের সাথে যোগাযোগ বজায় রাখার জন্য ইংরেজি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। (e) Sentence: A good command of English as well as regular practices (e) ________ (be) essential for us. Answer: is Explanation: When subjects are joined by "as well as", the verb agrees with the first subject ("A good command"), which is singular. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "as well as" দিয়ে দুটি সাবজেক্ট যুক্ত হলে, verb প্রথম সাবজেক্ট অনুযায়ী বসে। এখানে প্রথম সাবজেক্ট "A good command" সিঙ্গুলার, তাই "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ইংরেজিতে ভালো দখল এবং সেইসাথে নিয়মিত অনুশীলন আমাদের জন্য অপরিহার্য। (f) Sentence: 80% information of all the computers (f) ________ (be) in English. Answer: is Explanation: "Information" is an uncountable noun and always takes a singular verb, regardless of percentages. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Information" (তথ্য) একটি আনকাউন্টেবল নাউন এবং এর সাথে সবসময় সিঙ্গুলার verb বসে, তা যত শতাংশই হোক না কেন। Sentence Translation: সব কম্পিউটারের ৮০% তথ্যই ইংরেজিতে থাকে। (g) Sentence: With a view to (g) ________ (exchange) our views with the rest of the world, we have to (h) ________ (learn) English. Answer: exchanging Explanation: The phrase "with a view to" is strictly followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "with a view to" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: বিশ্বের বাকি অংশের সাথে আমাদের মতামত বিনিময় করার উদ্দেশ্যে, আমাদের ইংরেজি শিখতে হবে। (h) Sentence: ...we have to (h) ________ (learn) English. Answer: learn Explanation: "Have to" is a semi-modal expressing obligation, followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Have to" একটি semi-modal যা বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায়, এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বিশ্বের বাকি অংশের সাথে আমাদের মতামত বিনিময় করার উদ্দেশ্যে, আমাদের ইংরেজি শিখতে হবে। (i) Sentence: Moreover, we (i) ________ (provide) with the good scope... Answer: are provided Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite. We do not provide the scope; society/the system provides us with it. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite-এর Passive voice। আমরা সুযোগ দিই না; বরং আমাদেরকে সুযোগ দেওয়া হয়, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অধিকন্তু, ইংরেজির মাধ্যমে সেরা বইগুলো উপভোগ করার দারুণ সুযোগ আমাদের দেওয়া হয়। (j) Sentence: ...scope of (j) ________ (enjoy) the best books through English. Answer: enjoying Explanation: The preposition "of" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: অধিকন্তু, ইংরেজির মাধ্যমে সেরা বইগুলো উপভোগ করার দারুণ সুযোগ আমাদের দেওয়া হয়। (k) Sentence: English (k) ________ (be) now no longer the native speaker's language. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "English" is a singular subject. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "English" একটি সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ইংরেজি এখন আর কেবল স্থানীয় ভাষাভাষীদের ভাষা নয়। (l) Sentence: Now it (l) ________ (belong) to the world's people. Answer: belongs Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "It" is third-person singular, so the base verb takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "It" থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় মূল verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এখন এটি বিশ্বের সব মানুষের। (m) Sentence: It is high time we (m) ________ (pay) more attention to English. Answer: paid Explanation: The phrase "It is high time" + subject must be followed by a verb in the Past Indefinite Tense (V2) to express that an action is overdue. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কাজ করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময় বোঝাতে "It is high time" + subject-এর পর সবসময় Past Indefinite Tense (V2) বসে। Sentence Translation: ইংরেজির প্রতি আমাদের আরও বেশি মনোযোগ দেওয়ার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। (n) Sentence: Otherwise, we (n) ________ (lag) behind. Answer: will lag / shall lag Explanation: "Otherwise" introduces a conditional consequence for the future, requiring the Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Otherwise" (অন্যথায়) ভবিষ্যতের একটি শর্তমূলক ফলাফল নির্দেশ করে, তাই Future Indefinite Tense (will/shall + V1) ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: অন্যথায়, আমরা পিছিয়ে পড়ব। 6. Jashore Board (JB-2024) (a) Sentence: We are very (a) ________ (concern) about your son Rahel's behaviour. Answer: concerned Explanation: The "be" verb ("are") is followed by the past participle functioning as an adjective to describe the subjects' state of feeling. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "be" verb ("are")-এর পর verb-এর past participle রূপটি সাবজেক্টের মানসিক অবস্থা বোঝাতে Adjective হিসেবে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আপনার ছেলে রাহেলের আচরণ নিয়ে আমরা খুবই উদ্বিগ্ন। (b) Sentence: He (b) ________ (play) truant from school three times last month. Answer: played Explanation: The phrase "last month" is a specific past time marker, requiring the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "last month" (গত মাসে) ফ্রেজটি অতীতের নির্দিষ্ট সময় নির্দেশ করে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: গত মাসে সে তিনবার স্কুল থেকে পালিয়েছে। (c) Sentence: When he (c) ________ (come) to class, he usually, (d) ________ (not concentrate) on his lessons. Answer: comes Explanation: The adverb "usually" indicates a habitual present action (Present Indefinite). "He" is singular, so add "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "usually" (সাধারণত) শব্দটি বর্তমানের অভ্যাসমূলক কাজ (Present Indefinite) নির্দেশ করে। "He" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সে যখন ক্লাসে আসে, তখন সাধারণত তার পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগ দেয় না। (d) Sentence: When he (c) ________ (come) to class, he usually, (d) ________ (not concentrate) on his lessons. Answer: doesn't concentrate Explanation: Present Indefinite negative for a third-person singular subject requires "does not" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্টের জন্য Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপে "does not" + মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: সে যখন ক্লাসে আসে, তখন সাধারণত তার পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগ দেয় না। (e) Sentence: He does not seem to understand texts and never (e) ________ (ask) any questions. Answer: asks Explanation: Parallelism. Connected by "and" to the present indefinite verb sequence. Singular subject "He" dictates adding "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা এটি বর্তমান কালের verb সিকোয়েন্সের সাথে যুক্ত। সাবজেক্ট "He" হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: মনে হয় সে পাঠ্যবইয়ের পড়া বুঝতে পারে না এবং কখনোই কোনো প্রশ্ন করে না। (f) Sentence: The only time he (f) ________ (show) any initiative is in (g) ________ (make) excuses... Answer: shows Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a habitual action. Singular subject "he" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অভ্যাসমূলক কাজ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "he" থাকায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একমাত্র যে সময় সে কোনো উদ্যোগ দেখায়, তা হলো তার বাড়ির কাজ না করার অজুহাত তৈরি করার সময়। (g) Sentence: ...is in (g) ________ (make) excuses... Answer: making Explanation: The preposition "in" is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "in"-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: একমাত্র যে সময় সে কোনো উদ্যোগ দেখায়, তা হলো তার বাড়ির কাজ না করার অজুহাত তৈরি করার সময়। (h) Sentence: ...excuses for not (h) ________ (to have) (i) ________ (do) his homework. Answer: having Explanation: The preposition "for" (followed by the negative "not") requires a gerund. The auxiliary verb "have" becomes "having". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "for" (এবং এর পর নেতিবাচক "not") থাকায় একটি gerund প্রয়োজন। তাই auxiliary verb "have" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "having" হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একমাত্র যে সময় সে কোনো উদ্যোগ দেখায়, তা হলো তার বাড়ির কাজ না করার অজুহাত তৈরি করার সময়। (i) Sentence: ...for not (h) ________ (to have) (i) ________ (do) his homework. Answer: done Explanation: This forms a perfect participle phrase ("having" + past participle). The V3 form of "do" is "done". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি perfect participle ফ্রেজ ("having" + past participle) তৈরি করেছে। "do"-এর V3 রূপ হলো "done"। Sentence Translation: একমাত্র যে সময় সে কোনো উদ্যোগ দেখায়, তা হলো তার বাড়ির কাজ না করার অজুহাত তৈরি করার সময়। (j) Sentence: Although he (j) ________ (have) a natural talent for art, he even (k) ________ (not take) any interest in art lessons. Answer: has Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense indicating possession. "He" is singular, so "has" is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অধিকার বা থাকা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। "He" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "has" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যদিও আর্টের প্রতি তার একটি জন্মগত প্রতিভা রয়েছে, তবুও সে আর্ট ক্লাসে কোনো আগ্রহ দেখায় না। (k) Sentence: ...he even (k) ________ (not take) any interest in art lessons. Answer: doesn't take Explanation: Present Indefinite negative for a third-person singular subject ("he"). Uses "does not" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট ("he")-এর জন্য Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক রূপে "does not" + মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: যদিও আর্টের প্রতি তার একটি জন্মগত প্রতিভা রয়েছে, তবুও সে আর্ট ক্লাসে কোনো আগ্রহ দেখায় না। (l) Sentence: This is (l) ________ (disappoint), because even last year he (m) ________ (be) attentive in his studies. Answer: disappointing Explanation: Present participle functioning as an adjective (subject complement). It describes the active quality of the situation ("This"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present participle এখানে Adjective (subject complement) হিসেবে কাজ করছে। এটি পরিস্থিতির ("This") বৈশিষ্ট্য বর্ণনা করছে, তাই "-ing" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি হতাশাজনক, কারণ এমনকি গত বছরও সে তার পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগী ছিল। (m) Sentence: ...because even last year he (m) ________ (be) attentive in his studies. Answer: was Explanation: "Last year" places the clause strictly in the Past Indefinite Tense. Singular subject "he" takes "was". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Last year" ফ্রেজটি ক্লজটিকে পুরোপুরি Past Indefinite Tense-এ নিয়ে যায়। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "he"-এর সাথে "was" বসে। Sentence Translation: এটি হতাশাজনক, কারণ এমনকি গত বছরও সে তার পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগী ছিল। (n) Sentence: We hoped he (n) ________ (win) a scholarship. Answer: would win Explanation: This is "future in the past". The main verb "hoped" is past tense, so the future expectation "will win" changes to "would win". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি "future in the past"। মূল verb "hoped" অতীত কালের হওয়ায় ভবিষ্যতের প্রত্যাশা "will win" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "would win" হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা আশা করেছিলাম যে সে একটি বৃত্তি লাভ করবে। 7. Chattogram Board (CtgB-2024) (a) Sentence: Relationships (a) ________ (be) of different kinds. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a general fact. Plural subject "Relationships" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ তথ্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Relationships"-এর সাথে "are" বসে। Sentence Translation: সম্পর্ক বিভিন্ন ধরনের হয়ে থাকে। (b) Sentence: Some (b) ________ (be) familial and intimate... Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The pronoun "Some" acts as a plural subject referring to relationships. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Pronoun "Some" এখানে প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে কাজ করছে, তাই "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিছু সম্পর্ক পারিবারিক এবং অন্তরঙ্গ হয়, যা রক্ত এবং বিবাহের মাধ্যমে গঠিত হয়... (c) Sentence: ...(c) ________ (form) by blood and by marriage; Answer: formed Explanation: This is a reduced relative clause (meaning "which are formed"). The past participle acts as an adjective describing how they are made. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি Reduced relative clause (যার অর্থ "which are formed")। Past participle এখানে Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করছে যা সম্পর্কগুলো কীভাবে তৈরি হয় তা বর্ণনা করে। Sentence Translation: কিছু সম্পর্ক পারিবারিক এবং অন্তরঙ্গ হয়, যা রক্ত এবং বিবাহের মাধ্যমে গঠিত হয়... (d) Sentence: ...some are social like the ones we have with friends and some (d) ________ (make) in school... Answer: are made Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. Relationships do not make themselves; they "are made". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। সম্পর্ক নিজে নিজে তৈরি হয় না; এগুলো তৈরি হয়, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ...কিছু সামাজিক হয় যেমন বন্ধুদের সাথে আমাদের যে সম্পর্ক থাকে, এবং কিছু স্কুলে তৈরি হয় যেখানে আমরা সহপাঠী এবং শিক্ষকদের সাথে ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধন গড়ে তুলি। (e) Sentence: ...where we (e) ________ (form) close bonds with classmates and teachers. Answer: form Explanation: Active Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "we" takes the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Active Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "we"-এর সাথে verb-এর base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...কিছু সামাজিক হয় যেমন বন্ধুদের সাথে আমাদের যে সম্পর্ক থাকে, এবং কিছু স্কুলে তৈরি হয় যেখানে আমরা সহপাঠী এবং শিক্ষকদের সাথে ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধন গড়ে তুলি। (f) Sentence: Relationship can also (f) ________ (foster) in workplace... Answer: be fostered Explanation: Passive voice following a modal verb. The structure is "modal (can) + be + past participle". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb-এর পর Passive voice। এর গঠন হলো "modal (can) + be + past participle"। Sentence Translation: কর্মক্ষেত্রেও সম্পর্ক গড়ে উঠতে পারে, যা দ্রুতই পেশাদার থেকে সামাজিকে রূপান্তরিত হতে পারে। (g) Sentence: ...which may quickly (g) ________ (change) from professional to social. Answer: change Explanation: The modal verb "may" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1) in the active voice. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Active voice-এ Modal verb "may"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: কর্মক্ষেত্রেও সম্পর্ক গড়ে উঠতে পারে, যা দ্রুতই পেশাদার থেকে সামাজিকে রূপান্তরিত হতে পারে। (h) Sentence: There (h) ________ (be) relationships also between human beings and animals... Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "There" is a dummy subject; the real subject "relationships" is plural, taking "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "There" একটি ডামি সাবজেক্ট; মূল সাবজেক্ট "relationships" প্লুরাল হওয়ায় "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষ এবং প্রাণীদের মধ্যে, শিশুদের এবং তাদের খেলনাগুলোর মধ্যেও সম্পর্ক বিদ্যমান যা থেকে তারা বিচ্ছিন্ন হতে পারে না। (i) Sentence: ...between children and their toys that they can't (i) ________ (part) with. Answer: part Explanation: The modal verb "can't" (cannot) is always followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "can't" (cannot)-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: মানুষ এবং প্রাণীদের মধ্যে, শিশুদের এবং তাদের খেলনাগুলোর মধ্যেও সম্পর্ক বিদ্যমান যা থেকে তারা বিচ্ছিন্ন হতে পারে না। (j) Sentence: All these relationships (j) ________ (keep) us close to each other... Answer: keep Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The plural subject "All these relationships" requires the base form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "All these relationships"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এই সমস্ত সম্পর্ক আমাদের একে অপরের কাছাকাছি রাখে এবং আমাদের সব ধরনের সমর্থন, ভালোবাসা ও স্নেহ প্রদান করে। (k) Sentence: ...and (k) ________ (provide) us all kinds of support, love and affection. Answer: provide Explanation: Parallelism. Joined by "and" to the previous verb "keep", it remains in the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। "and" দ্বারা আগের verb "keep"-এর সাথে যুক্ত হওয়ায় এটিও base form-এ বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এই সমস্ত সম্পর্ক আমাদের একে অপরের কাছাকাছি রাখে এবং আমাদের সব ধরনের সমর্থন, ভালোবাসা ও স্নেহ প্রদান করে। (l) Sentence: A person (l) ________ (have) no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. Answer: having Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used here as an adjective phrase (meaning "who has"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে present participle (Verb + -ing) একটি Adjective ফ্রেজ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (যার অর্থ "যার আছে")। Sentence Translation: পরিবারহীন একজন ব্যক্তি একাকীত্ব ও বিচ্ছিন্নতার বেদনা অনুভব করেন। (m) Sentence: There (m) ________ (be) no one to laugh or (n) ________ (cry) with him/her. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The real subject after "There" is "no one", which is singular, requiring "is". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "There"-এর পর মূল সাবজেক্ট হলো "no one", যা সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তার সাথে হাসার বা কাঁদার মতো কেউ থাকে না। (n) Sentence: There (m) ________ (be) no one to laugh or (n) ________ (cry) with him/her. Answer: cry Explanation: Parallelism. It connects to the infinitive "to laugh". The "to" is understood before "cry". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। এটি infinitive "to laugh"-এর সাথে যুক্ত। "cry"-এর আগে "to" উহ্য আছে, তাই base form বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তার সাথে হাসার বা কাঁদার মতো কেউ থাকে না। 8. Barishal Board (BB-2024) (a) Sentence: Tigers (a) ________ (know) as ferocious animals. Answer: are known Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. Tigers do not "know" themselves; they receive the action of being known by people. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice। বাঘেরা নিজেদের চেনে না; বরং মানুষ তাদের চেনে, তাই Passive গঠন ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বাঘ হিংস্র প্রাণী হিসেবে পরিচিত। (b) Sentence: But they hardly (b) ________ (kill) any animal when they are not hungry. Answer: kill Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "Hardly" modifies the active verb. Plural subject "they" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "Hardly" শব্দটি active verb-কে modify করছে। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু তারা ক্ষুধার্ত না থাকলে খুব কমই কোনো প্রাণী হত্যা করে। (c) Sentence: Usually the tigers (c) ________ (reside) in the deep forest. Answer: reside Explanation: The adverb "Usually" signifies a habitual action requiring Present Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Usually" (সাধারণত) শব্দটি অভ্যাসমূলক কাজ নির্দেশ করে, যার জন্য Present Indefinite Tense প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: সাধারণত বাঘ গভীর জঙ্গলে বসবাস করে। (d) Sentence: They are hardly (d) ________ (see) in the open... Answer: seen Explanation: Passive voice ("are" + V3). They don't see themselves; they are seen. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Passive voice ("are" + V3)। তারা নিজেদের দেখে না; বরং তাদের দেখা যায়, তাই past participle বসেছে। Sentence Translation: চরম প্রয়োজন না হলে তাদের উন্মুক্ত স্থানে খুব কমই দেখা যায়। (e) Sentence: ...unless there (e) ________ (to be) a strong necessity. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "a strong necessity" is a singular subject following the dummy "there". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। ডামি "there"-এর পর "a strong necessity" একটি সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট, তাই "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: চরম প্রয়োজন না হলে তাদের উন্মুক্ত স্থানে খুব কমই দেখা যায়। (f) Sentence: They often remain (f) ________ (hide) under the deep green in search of the prey. Answer: hidden Explanation: The linking verb "remain" is followed by a past participle functioning as an adjective to describe their state. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Linking verb "remain"-এর পর বাঘের অবস্থা বর্ণনা করতে past participle-টি Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিকারের খোঁজে তারা প্রায়ই গভীর সবুজের নিচে লুকিয়ে থাকে। (g) Sentence: Whenever they (g) ________ (discern) any prospective prey, they take a pose... Answer: discern Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "they" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যখনই তারা সম্ভাব্য কোনো শিকার দেখতে পায়, তারা তার ওপর ঝাঁপিয়ে পড়ার জন্য প্রস্তুতি নেয়। (h) Sentence: ...they take a pose to (h) ________ (fall) upon it. Answer: fall Explanation: Infinitive of purpose. The marker "to" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "to"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: যখনই তারা সম্ভাব্য কোনো শিকার দেখতে পায়, তারা তার ওপর ঝাঁপিয়ে পড়ার জন্য প্রস্তুতি নেয়। (i) Sentence: Tigers often (i) ________ (unite) themselves... Answer: unite Explanation: The adverb "often" indicates Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "Tigers" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "often" (প্রায়ই) শব্দটি Present Indefinite Tense নির্দেশ করে। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Tigers"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বিভিন্ন দিক থেকে শিকারকে আক্রমণ করার জন্য বাঘেরা প্রায়ই একত্রিত হয়। (j) Sentence: ...to (j) ________ (attack) their prey from different directions. Answer: attack Explanation: Infinitive structure. "To" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Infinitive গঠন। "to"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বিভিন্ন দিক থেকে শিকারকে আক্রমণ করার জন্য বাঘেরা প্রায়ই একত্রিত হয়। (k) Sentence: An adult tiger (k) ________ (devour) 20 to 30 kilograms of meat at a single meal. Answer: devours Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a factual capability. Singular subject "An adult tiger" takes "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি বাস্তব সক্ষমতা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "An adult tiger" হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একটি প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক বাঘ এক বেলাতেই ২০ থেকে ৩০ কিলোগ্রাম মাংস গোগ্রাসে খেয়ে ফেলতে পারে। (l) Sentence: In our Sundarbans, the number of tigers (l) ________ (decrease) day by day. Answer: is decreasing Explanation: The phrase "day by day" indicates an ongoing change in the present, requiring Present Continuous Tense. The subject "the number" is singular. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "day by day" (দিন দিন) ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানে চলমান একটি পরিবর্তন নির্দেশ করে, তাই Present Continuous Tense হবে। সাবজেক্ট "the number" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের সুন্দরবনে বাঘের সংখ্যা দিন দিন কমছে। (m) Sentence: Poaching and illegal trafficking (m) ________ (to be) the main reasons of decrease. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. A compound subject joined by "and" is plural, taking "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "and" দ্বারা যুক্ত একটি যৌগিক সাবজেক্ট প্লুরাল হয়, তাই "are" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: অবৈধ শিকার এবং অবৈধ পাচারই এই হ্রাসের প্রধান কারণ। (n) Sentence: So the concerned authority should be committed to (n) ________ (take) action to protect the tigers. Answer: taking Explanation: The phrase "committed to" is a phrasal adjective where "to" functions as a preposition, requiring a gerund (Verb + -ing) to follow. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "committed to" ফ্রেজটিতে "to" একটি preposition হিসেবে কাজ করে, তাই এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তাই বাঘ রক্ষার জন্য সংশ্লিষ্ট কর্তৃপক্ষকে পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণে অঙ্গীকারবদ্ধ হতে হবে।

Right form of verbs All Board Questions - SSC 2026 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Dhaka Board 2026] special to a the exchange alone feeling suit any in Loneliness means staying alone without (a) _______ company. Man is (b) _______ social being. He cannot live (c) _______. He wants the company of others (d) _______ of his friends and relatives. When a man misses the company of anyone in (e) _______ society, he feels lonely. Loneliness is a kind of (f) _______. Sometimes we feel lonely (g) _______ the midst of many people because we do not find any (h) _______ situation to (i) _______ views with them. This kind of loneliness is very painful (j) _______ us. 2. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Chattogram Board 2026] Providing facilities if population development basic without one work no Education removes darkness and gives us the light of knowledge. For imparting education, there should be (a) _______ discrimination between man and woman. Education is (b) _______ of the basic human rights. (c) _______ the woman are deprived of the (d) _______ right of education, almost half of the (e) _______ will remain in darkness. Development of a country is quite impossible (g) _______ the participation of women in the development (h) _______. As a result, the government is (i) _______ the girls with a lot of (j) _______ for the enhancement of their education. 3. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Cumilla Board 2026] fears converse desert a come around prosper of means term Man is a social being. He lives in a society. So he is in need (a) _______ friends with whom he can mix and (b) _______ freely, exchanging thoughts and ideas, hopes and (c) _______. But everybody with whom we mix is not (d) _______ friend in the true sense of the (e) _______. Some gather (f) _______ us only in our (g) _______ for their self-interest. But wherever we are in trouble or difficulty, they (h) _______ us altogether. They are false friends and should be avoided by all (i) _______. The test of real friends (j) _______ only in misfortune. 4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Rajshahi Board 2026] on off the to of full compensate a success competent The present world is very competitive. So, as a student, you need to be (a) _______. You have to give (b) _______ concentration (c) _______ your studies. You must not be indifferent (d) _______ your studies. No (e) _______ can make up your loss (f) _______ wasting time. There is no denying (g) _______ fact that true (h) _______ depends on hard labour. So, you must shake (i) _______ your idleness from your brain. Otherwise, you have to pay (j) _______ lot in future. 5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words: [Jashore Board 2026] nature different a more communities other loss the often responsibly Biodiversity means the variety of living beings. It includes all plants and animals that live in (a) _______ habitats. Every species plays an important role in maintaining (b) _______ balance of nature. When any species disappears, it affects many (c) _______ species as well. Humans (d) _______ destroy forests for farming and construction. It causes (e) _______ of biodiversity. This loss not only harms wildlife but also affects us because we depend on (f) _______ for food, air and water. Protecting forests is (g) _______ important than ever before. We should act (h) _______ and protect our environment. Even small actions like planting trees and reducing waste can make (i) _______ big difference. Government and (j) _______ must work together so that future generation can enjoy their natural world. 6. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words: [Mymensingh Board 2026] population possible dark light women imparting discriminate the education remove No nation can prosper without (a) _______. Education (b) _______ our ignorance and gives us (c) _______ of knowledge. In respect of (d) _______ education, there should be no (e) _______ between man and woman. Education is one of (f) _______ basic human rights. If we deprive women of the rights of education, almost half of our (g) _______ will remain in (h) _______. No development can be (i) _______ without the participation of (j) _______. 7. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Dinajpur Board 2026] chance tidy exemplify united ourselves same in the level possible Is there any possibility for Bangladesh to be the happiest country in the world? I think it is not (a) _______. The terms 'richest' and 'happiest' are not the (b) _______ things. In spite of being poor, (c) _______ future Bangladesh may have a lot of (d) _______ to become the happiest country. Zero corruption, people's welfare laws, implementation of laws, hundred percent literacy rate, employment, clean and (e) _______ environment, fair politics and security of life and property are (f) _______ basic points of reformation. Many countries in the world, from the lowest condition, progressed to the highest (g) _______. Singapore can be (h) _______. The most important thing is that as a nation, we should (i) _______ crave for it. No other nation will change our fate. Our fate can be changed only by (j) _______. 8. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [Sylhet Board 2026] gold with mental beneficial fresh regularly good immense the cheer Morning walk is (a) _______ to our health. It is refreshing and pleasant. If one walks early in the morning, he can feel the (b) _______ of air. (c) _______ natural beauty will give him (d) _______ pleasure. Morning walk can provide one (e) _______ the opportunity of enjoying the (f) _______ glow of sunrise. After walking he returns home with a (g) _______ mind. It helps him keep fit physically and (h) _______. He will have a (i) _______ start of his day if he takes morning walk (j) _______. 9. Complete the following passage with suitable words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may use one word more than once: [Dakhil Board 2026] pleasant on enjoy for a beauty to with vigorous an Morning walk is a good habit. It is beneficial (a) _______ health. It is (b) _______ as well. It exercises a good effect (c) _______ a man's body and mind. The morning air refreshes his body and mind. It gives him (d) _______ opportunity to (e) _______ the beauties of nature too. In the morning, nature looks fresh and (f) _______. When a man takes (g) _______ morning walk, he sees the superb beauty of the sunrise. After taking morning walk a man returns home (h) _______ cheerful mind. He takes his breakfast with great relish and starts his work with a fresh and (i) _______ mind. In short, morning walk is so pleasant and good (j) _______ health. Right form of verbs All Board Questions - SSC 2026 Answers Question 1: [Dhaka Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ special | to | a | the | exchange | alone | feeling | suit | any | in ] Loneliness means staying alone without (a) _______ company. Man is (b) _______ social being. He cannot live (c) _______. He wants the company of others (d) _______ of his friends and relatives. When a man misses the company of anyone in (e) _______ society, he feels lonely. Loneliness is a kind of (f) _______. Sometimes we feel lonely (g) _______ the midst of many people because we do not find any (h) _______ situation to (i) _______ views with them. This kind of loneliness is very painful (j) _______ us. Answer: (a) any (b) a (c) alone (d) especially (changed from 'special') (e) the (f) feeling (g) in (h) suitable (changed from 'suit') (i) exchange (j) to Bangla Translation: একাকীত্ব মানে কোনো সঙ্গী ছাড়া একা থাকা। মানুষ সামাজিক জীব। সে একা বাস করতে পারে না। সে অন্যদের, বিশেষ করে তার বন্ধুবান্ধব এবং আত্মীয়স্বজনের সঙ্গ চায়। যখন কোনো মানুষ সমাজের কারো সঙ্গ মিস করে, তখন সে একাকীত্ব অনুভব করে। একাকীত্ব এক ধরনের অনুভূতি। মাঝে মাঝে অনেক মানুষের মাঝেও আমরা একাকীত্ব অনুভব করি কারণ আমরা তাদের সাথে মতামত বিনিময় করার কোনো উপযুক্ত পরিস্থিতি খুঁজে পাই না। এই ধরনের একাকীত্ব আমাদের জন্য খুবই যন্ত্রণাদায়ক। Question 2: [Chattogram Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ Providing | facilities | if | population | development | basic | without | one | work | no ] Education removes darkness and gives us the light of knowledge. For imparting education, there should be (a) _______ discrimination between man and woman. Education is (b) _______ of the basic human rights. (c) _______ the woman are deprived of the (d) _______ right of education, almost half of the (e) _______ will remain in darkness. Development of a country is quite impossible (g) _______ the participation of women in the development (h) _______. As a result, the government is (i) _______ the girls with a lot of (j) _______ for the enhancement of their education. (Note: The letter 'f' was missing in the original numbering) Answer: (a) no (b) one (c) If (d) basic (e) population (g) without (h) work (i) providing (j) facilities Bangla Translation: শিক্ষা অন্ধকার দূর করে এবং আমাদের জ্ঞানের আলো দেয়। শিক্ষা প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে নারী ও পুরুষের মধ্যে কোনো বৈষম্য থাকা উচিত নয়। শিক্ষা মানুষের অন্যতম মৌলিক অধিকার। যদি নারীরা শিক্ষার মৌলিক অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত হয়, তবে জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক অন্ধকারে থেকে যাবে। উন্নয়নমূলক কাজে নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া একটি দেশের উন্নয়ন একেবারেই অসম্ভব। এর ফলে, সরকার মেয়েদের শিক্ষার প্রসারের জন্য প্রচুর সুযোগ-সুবিধা প্রদান করছে। Question 3: [Cumilla Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ fears | converse | desert | a | come | around | prosper | of | means | term ] Man is a social being. He lives in a society. So he is in need (a) _______ friends with whom he can mix and (b) _______ freely, exchanging thoughts and ideas, hopes and (c) _______. But everybody with whom we mix is not (d) _______ friend in the true sense of the (e) _______. Some gather (f) _______ us only in our (g) _______ for their self-interest. But wherever we are in trouble or difficulty, they (h) _______ us altogether. They are false friends and should be avoided by all (i) _______. The test of real friends (j) _______ only in misfortune. Answer: (a) of (b) converse (c) fears (d) a (e) term (f) around (g) prosperity (changed from 'prosper') (h) desert (i) means (j) comes (changed from 'come') Bangla Translation: মানুষ সামাজিক জীব। সে সমাজে বাস করে। তাই তার এমন বন্ধুদের প্রয়োজন যাদের সাথে সে মিশতে পারে এবং স্বাধীনভাবে কথা বলতে পারে, চিন্তা-ভাবনা, আশা ও ভয় বিনিময় করতে পারে। কিন্তু যাদের সাথে আমরা মিশি তাদের সবাই শব্দের প্রকৃত অর্থে বন্ধু নয়। কেউ কেউ কেবল তাদের স্বার্থের জন্য আমাদের সমৃদ্ধির সময় আমাদের চারপাশে জড়ো হয়। কিন্তু যখনই আমরা কোনো সমস্যা বা বিপদে পড়ি, তারা আমাদের পুরোপুরি ছেড়ে চলে যায় (পরিত্যাগ করে)। তারা নকল বন্ধু এবং সর্বতোভাবে তাদের এড়িয়ে চলা উচিত। প্রকৃত বন্ধুর পরীক্ষা কেবল বিপদের (দুর্ভাগ্যের) সময়ই হয়। Question 4: [Rajshahi Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ on | off | the | to | of | full | compensate | a | success | competent ] The present world is very competitive. So, as a student, you need to be (a) _______. You have to give (b) _______ concentration (c) _______ your studies. You must not be indifferent (d) _______ your studies. No (e) _______ can make up your loss (f) _______ wasting time. There is no denying (g) _______ fact that true (h) _______ depends on hard labour. So, you must shake (i) _______ your idleness from your brain. Otherwise, you have to pay (j) _______ lot in future. Answer: (a) competent (b) full (c) on (d) to (e) compensation (changed from 'compensate') (f) of (g) the (h) success (i) off (j) a Bangla Translation: বর্তমান বিশ্ব খুবই প্রতিযোগিতামূলক। তাই, একজন শিক্ষার্থী হিসেবে, তোমাকে যোগ্য হতে হবে। তোমাকে তোমার পড়াশোনায় পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দিতে হবে। তোমার পড়াশোনার প্রতি তোমার উদাসীন হওয়া উচিত নয়। সময় নষ্ট করার ক্ষতি কোনো ক্ষতিপূরণই পুষিয়ে দিতে পারে না। এ কথা অস্বীকার করার কোনো উপায় নেই যে প্রকৃত সাফল্য কঠোর পরিশ্রমের ওপর নির্ভর করে। তাই, তোমার মস্তিষ্ক থেকে অলসতা ঝেড়ে ফেলতে হবে। অন্যথায়, ভবিষ্যতে তোমাকে অনেক মূল্য চোকাতে হবে। Question 5: [Jashore Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words: [ nature | different | a | more | communities | other | loss | the | often | responsibly ] Biodiversity means the variety of living beings. It includes all plants and animals that live in (a) _______ habitats. Every species plays an important role in maintaining (b) _______ balance of nature. When any species disappears, it affects many (c) _______ species as well. Humans (d) _______ destroy forests for farming and construction. It causes (e) _______ of biodiversity. This loss not only harms wildlife but also affects us because we depend on (f) _______ for food, air and water. Protecting forests is (g) _______ important than ever before. We should act (h) _______ and protect our environment. Even small actions like planting trees and reducing waste can make (i) _______ big difference. Government and (j) _______ must work together so that future generation can enjoy their natural world. Answer: (a) different (b) the (c) other (d) often (e) loss (f) nature (g) more (h) responsibly (i) a (j) communities Bangla Translation: জীববৈচিত্র্য বলতে জীবজন্তুর বৈচিত্র্যকে বোঝায়। এর মধ্যে বিভিন্ন বাসস্থানে বসবাসকারী সকল উদ্ভিদ এবং প্রাণী অন্তর্ভুক্ত। প্রতিটি প্রজাতি প্রকৃতির ভারসাম্য বজায় রাখতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। যখন কোনো প্রজাতি বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যায়, তখন তা অন্যান্য অনেক প্রজাতিকেও প্রভাবিত করে। মানুষেরা প্রায়ই কৃষিকাজ এবং নির্মাণের জন্য বন ধ্বংস করে। এর ফলে জীববৈচিত্র্যের ক্ষতি হয়। এই ক্ষতি শুধু বন্যপ্রাণীদেরই ক্ষতি করে না বরং আমাদেরও প্রভাবিত করে কারণ আমরা খাদ্য, বাতাস এবং পানির জন্য প্রকৃতির ওপর নির্ভর করি। বন রক্ষা করা এখন আগের চেয়ে অনেক বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। আমাদের দায়িত্বশীলতার সাথে কাজ করা উচিত এবং পরিবেশ রক্ষা করা উচিত। এমনকি গাছ লাগানো এবং বর্জ্য কমানোর মতো ছোট কাজগুলোও বড় পরিবর্তন আনতে পারে। ভবিষ্যৎ প্রজন্ম যেন তাদের প্রাকৃতিক বিশ্ব উপভোগ করতে পারে, সেজন্য সরকার এবং সম্প্রদায়গুলোকে একসাথে কাজ করতে হবে। Question 6: [Mymensingh Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words: [ population | possible | dark | light | women | imparting | discriminate | the | education | remove ] No nation can prosper without (a) _______. Education (b) _______ our ignorance and gives us (c) _______ of knowledge. In respect of (d) _______ education, there should be no (e) _______ between man and woman. Education is one of (f) _______ basic human rights. If we deprive women of the rights of education, almost half of our (g) _______ will remain in (h) _______. No development can be (i) _______ without the participation of (j) _______. Answer: (a) education (b) removes (changed from 'remove') (c) light (d) imparting (e) discrimination (changed from 'discriminate') (f) the (g) population (h) darkness (changed from 'dark') (i) possible (j) women Bangla Translation: শিক্ষা ছাড়া কোনো জাতি উন্নতি করতে পারে না। শিক্ষা আমাদের অজ্ঞতা দূর করে এবং আমাদের জ্ঞানের আলো দেয়। শিক্ষা প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে নারী ও পুরুষের মধ্যে কোনো বৈষম্য থাকা উচিত নয়। শিক্ষা মানুষের মৌলিক অধিকারগুলোর মধ্যে অন্যতম। আমরা যদি নারীদের শিক্ষার অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করি, তবে আমাদের জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক অন্ধকারেই থেকে যাবে। নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া কোনো উন্নয়নই সম্ভব হতে পারে না। Question 7: [Dinajpur Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ chance | tidy | exemplify | united | ourselves | same | in | the | level | possible ] Is there any possibility for Bangladesh to be the happiest country in the world? I think it is not (a) _______. The terms 'richest' and 'happiest' are not the (b) _______ things. In spite of being poor, (c) _______ future Bangladesh may have a lot of (d) _______ to become the happiest country. Zero corruption, people's welfare laws, implementation of laws, hundred percent literacy rate, employment, clean and (e) _______ environment, fair politics and security of life and property are (f) _______ basic points of reformation. Many countries in the world, from the lowest condition, progressed to the highest (g) _______. Singapore can be (h) _______. The most important thing is that as a nation, we should (i) _______ crave for it. No other nation will change our fate. Our fate can be changed only by (j) _______. Answer: (a) impossible (changed from 'possible') (b) same (c) in (d) chances (changed from 'chance') (e) tidy (f) the (g) level (h) exemplified (changed from 'exemplify') (i) unitedly (changed from 'united') (j) ourselves Bangla Translation: বাংলাদেশের কি বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশ হওয়ার কোনো সম্ভাবনা আছে? আমি মনে করি এটি অসম্ভব নয়। 'সবচেয়ে ধনী' এবং 'সবচেয়ে সুখী' শব্দ দুটি একই জিনিস নয়। গরিব হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, ভবিষ্যতে বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশ হওয়ার অনেক সুযোগ থাকতে পারে। দুর্নীতিমুক্ত, জনকল্যাণমূলক আইন, আইনের প্রয়োগ, শতভাগ সাক্ষরতার হার, কর্মসংস্থান, পরিচ্ছন্ন ও ছিমছাম পরিবেশ, সুষ্ঠু রাজনীতি এবং জীবন ও সম্পত্তির নিরাপত্তা হলো সংস্কারের মূল বিষয়। বিশ্বের অনেক দেশ সবচেয়ে নিচু অবস্থা থেকে সর্বোচ্চ স্তরে অগ্রসর হয়েছে। সিঙ্গাপুরকে এর উদাহরণ হিসেবে দেখানো যেতে পারে। সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো, জাতি হিসেবে আমাদের ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে এর আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা উচিত। অন্য কোনো জাতি আমাদের ভাগ্য পরিবর্তন করবে না। আমাদের ভাগ্য কেবল আমরা নিজেরাই পরিবর্তন করতে পারি। Question 8: [Sylhet Board 2026] Question: Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: [ gold | with | mental | beneficial | fresh | regularly | good | immense | the | cheer ] Morning walk is (a) _______ to our health. It is refreshing and pleasant. If one walks early in the morning, he can feel the (b) _______ of air. (c) _______ natural beauty will give him (d) _______ pleasure. Morning walk can provide one (e) _______ the opportunity of enjoying the (f) _______ glow of sunrise. After walking he returns home with a (g) _______ mind. It helps him keep fit physically and (h) _______. He will have a (i) _______ start of his day if he takes morning walk (j) _______. Answer: (a) beneficial (b) freshness (changed from 'fresh') (c) The (d) immense (e) with (f) golden (changed from 'gold') (g) cheerful (changed from 'cheer') (h) mentally (changed from 'mental') (i) good (j) regularly Bangla Translation: প্রাতঃভ্রমণ (সকালে হাঁটা) আমাদের স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী। এটি সতেজ এবং আনন্দদায়ক। কেউ যদি খুব সকালে হাঁটে, তবে সে বাতাসের সতেজতা অনুভব করতে পারে। প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য তাকে অগাধ (প্রচুর) আনন্দ দেবে। প্রাতঃভ্রমণ একজনকে সূর্যোদয়ের সোনালী আভা উপভোগ করার সুযোগ প্রদান করতে পারে। হাঁটার পরে সে একটি প্রফুল্ল মন নিয়ে বাড়ি ফেরে। এটি তাকে শারীরিকভাবে এবং মানসিকভাবে সুস্থ রাখতে সাহায্য করে। সে যদি নিয়মিত প্রাতঃভ্রমণ করে, তবে তার দিনটির একটি ভালো শুরু হবে। Question 9: [Dakhil Board 2026] Question: Complete the following passage with suitable words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may use one word more than once: [ pleasant | on | enjoy | for | a | beauty | to | with | vigorous | an ] Morning walk is a good habit. It is beneficial (a) _______ health. It is (b) _______ as well. It exercises a good effect (c) _______ a man's body and mind. The morning air refreshes his body and mind. It gives him (d) _______ opportunity to (e) _______ the beauties of nature too. In the morning, nature looks fresh and (f) _______. When a man takes (g) _______ morning walk, he sees the superb beauty of the sunrise. After taking morning walk a man returns home (h) _______ cheerful mind. He takes his breakfast with great relish and starts his work with a fresh and (i) _______ mind. In short, morning walk is so pleasant and good (j) _______ health. Answer: (a) to (b) pleasant (c) on (d) an (e) enjoy (f) beautiful (changed from 'beauty') (g) a (h) with (i) vigorous (j) for Bangla Translation: প্রাতঃভ্রমণ একটি ভালো অভ্যাস। এটি স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী। এটি আনন্দদায়কও বটে। এটি মানুষের শরীর ও মনে ভালো প্রভাব ফেলে। সকালের বাতাস তার শরীর ও মনকে সতেজ করে। এটি তাকে প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্য উপভোগ করার একটি সুযোগও দেয়। সকালে প্রকৃতিকে সতেজ এবং সুন্দর দেখায়। যখন কোনো মানুষ সকালে হাঁটে, সে সূর্যোদয়ের চমৎকার সৌন্দর্য দেখতে পায়। প্রাতঃভ্রমণ করার পর একজন মানুষ প্রফুল্ল মন নিয়ে বাড়ি ফেরে। সে পরম তৃপ্তির সাথে সকালের নাস্তা করে এবং সতেজ ও প্রাণবন্ত মন নিয়ে তার কাজ শুরু করে। সংক্ষেপে, প্রাতঃভ্রমণ অত্যন্ত আনন্দদায়ক এবং স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো। Answers with Explatnation 1. Dhaka Board 2026 (a) Sentence: Loneliness means staying alone without (a) _______ company. Answer: any Explanation: The preposition 'without' gives a negative meaning. In negative contexts, the determiner 'any' is used before a noun ('company'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Without' শব্দটি নেতিবাচক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। নেতিবাচক অর্থে noun-এর (company) পূর্বে determiner হিসেবে 'any' ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: একাকীত্ব মানে কোনো সঙ্গী ছাড়া একা থাকা। (b) Sentence: Man is (b) _______ social being. Answer: a Explanation: 'Social being' is a singular countable noun phrase starting with a consonant sound, so the indefinite article 'a' is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Social being' একটি singular countable noun ফ্রেজ যা consonant sound দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে, তাই এর পূর্বে indefinite article 'a' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষ সামাজিক জীব। (c) Sentence: He cannot live (c) _______. Answer: alone Explanation: An adverb is needed to modify the verb 'live'. 'Alone' acts as an adverb of manner here. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'live' verb-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adverb প্রয়োজন। এখানে 'Alone' (একা) adverb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সে একা বাস করতে পারে না। (d) Sentence: He wants the company of others (d) _______ of his friends and relatives. Answer: especially Explanation: An adverb is required to emphasize the phrase that follows. The adjective 'special' is changed to the adverb 'especially' (meaning particularly). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: পরবর্তী অংশটিকে জোর দিয়ে বোঝানোর জন্য একটি Adverb প্রয়োজন। তাই 'special' adjective-টি পরিবর্তন হয়ে 'especially' (বিশেষ করে) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সে অন্যদের, বিশেষ করে তার বন্ধুবান্ধব এবং আত্মীয়স্বজনের সঙ্গ চায়। (e) Sentence: When a man misses the company of anyone in (e) _______ society, he feels lonely. Answer: the Explanation: The definite article 'the' is used before 'society' to refer to a specific society the man belongs to. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট কোনো সমাজকে বোঝাতে 'society' শব্দের পূর্বে definite article 'the' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যখন কোনো মানুষ সমাজের কারো সঙ্গ মিস করে, তখন সে একাকীত্ব অনুভব করে। (f) Sentence: Loneliness is a kind of (f) _______. Answer: feeling Explanation: The preposition 'of' must be followed by a noun or gerund. 'Feeling' is a noun here. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'of'-এর পর অবশ্যই noun বা gerund বসবে। এখানে 'feeling' শব্দটি noun হিসেবে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: একাকীত্ব এক ধরনের অনুভূতি। (g) Sentence: Sometimes we feel lonely (g) _______ the midst of many people... Answer: in Explanation: "In the midst of" is an idiomatic prepositional phrase meaning 'surrounded by'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "In the midst of" একটি বহুল প্রচলিত phrase, যার অর্থ 'মাঝামাঝি' বা 'অনেকের মাঝে'। তাই 'in' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মাঝে মাঝে অনেক মানুষের মাঝেও আমরা একাকীত্ব অনুভব করি... (h) Sentence: ...because we do not find any (h) _______ situation... Answer: suitable Explanation: An adjective is needed to modify the noun 'situation'. The verb 'suit' is changed to the adjective 'suitable'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'situation' noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন। তাই 'suit' শব্দটি পরিবর্তন হয়ে 'suitable' (উপযুক্ত) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ...কারণ আমরা তাদের সাথে মতামত বিনিময় করার কোনো উপযুক্ত পরিস্থিতি খুঁজে পাই না। (i) Sentence: ...to (i) _______ views with them. Answer: exchange Explanation: The structure is an infinitive of purpose: 'to' + base form of the verb (exchange). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive-এর গঠন 'to + V1' ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, তাই verb-এর base form 'exchange' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...কারণ আমরা তাদের সাথে মতামত বিনিময় করার কোনো উপযুক্ত পরিস্থিতি খুঁজে পাই না। (j) Sentence: This kind of loneliness is very painful (j) _______ us. Answer: to Explanation: The adjective 'painful' is often followed by the preposition 'to' or 'for' to indicate who is affected. Here 'to' is available in the box. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'painful' adjective-টির পর সাধারণত 'to' বা 'for' preposition বসে এটি বোঝাতে যে কে প্রভাবিত হচ্ছে। Sentence Translation: এই ধরনের একাকীত্ব আমাদের জন্য খুবই যন্ত্রণাদায়ক। 2. Chattogram Board 2026 (a) Sentence: For imparting education, there should be (a) _______ discrimination between man and woman. Answer: no Explanation: The context demands a negative meaning. 'Discrimination' is an uncountable noun, and 'no' acts as a determiner to indicate absence. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী একটি নেতিবাচক শব্দ প্রয়োজন। 'Discrimination' (বৈষম্য) একটি noun, এর আগে শূন্য পরিমাণ বোঝাতে determiner হিসেবে 'no' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে নারী ও পুরুষের মধ্যে কোনো বৈষম্য থাকা উচিত নয়। (b) Sentence: Education is (b) _______ of the basic human rights. Answer: one Explanation: The phrase "one of the" is used before plural nouns ('rights') to refer to a single item within a group. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: প্লুরাল noun-এর ('rights') মধ্য থেকে একটিকে নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝাতে "one of the" phrase-টি ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা মানুষের অন্যতম মৌলিক অধিকার। (c) Sentence: (c) _______ the woman are deprived of the (d) _______ right of education... Answer: If Explanation: A conditional conjunction is needed to start a conditional clause. 'If' fits perfectly. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি শর্তমূলক বাক্য (conditional clause) শুরু করার জন্য conjunction হিসেবে 'If' (যদি) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: যদি নারীরা শিক্ষার মৌলিক অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত হয়... (d) Sentence: (c) _______ the woman are deprived of the (d) _______ right of education... Answer: basic Explanation: An adjective is needed to modify the noun 'right'. 'Basic' describes what kind of right it is. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'right' (অধিকার) noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন। এখানে 'basic' (মৌলিক) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: যদি নারীরা শিক্ষার মৌলিক অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত হয়... (e) Sentence: ...almost half of the (e) _______ will remain in darkness. Answer: population Explanation: The structure 'half of the + noun' requires a noun here. 'Population' fits the context perfectly. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'half of the + noun' গঠন অনুযায়ী এখানে একটি noun প্রয়োজন। অর্থের সাথে মিল রেখে 'population' (জনসংখ্যা) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...তবে জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক অন্ধকারে থেকে যাবে। (g) [Note: f is missing in question] Sentence: Development of a country is quite impossible (g) _______ the participation of women... Answer: without Explanation: A preposition is needed to show the absence of something. 'Without' fits the context. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কিছুর অনুপস্থিতি বোঝাতে একটি preposition প্রয়োজন। এখানে 'Without' (ছাড়া/ব্যতীত) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উন্নয়নমূলক কাজে নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া একটি দেশের উন্নয়ন একেবারেই অসম্ভব। (h) Sentence: ...in the development (h) _______. Answer: work Explanation: 'Development' acts as a noun adjunct here modifying the next noun. Together they form the compound noun 'development work'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Development' শব্দটি এখানে অপর একটি noun-কে modify করছে। দুটি মিলে 'development work' (উন্নয়নমূলক কাজ) compound noun তৈরি করেছে। Sentence Translation: উন্নয়নমূলক কাজে নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া একটি দেশের উন্নয়ন একেবারেই অসম্ভব। (i) Sentence: As a result, the government is (i) _______ the girls with a lot of (j) _______... Answer: providing Explanation: The sentence is in Present Continuous Tense ('is' + verb-ing). So, 'provide' becomes 'providing'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি Present Continuous Tense-এ রয়েছে (Subject + am/is/are + verb+ing)। তাই 'provide'-এর সাথে 'ing' যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এর ফলে, সরকার মেয়েদের শিক্ষার প্রসারের জন্য প্রচুর সুযোগ-সুবিধা প্রদান করছে। (j) Sentence: ...with a lot of (j) _______ for the enhancement of their education. Answer: facilities Explanation: The phrase 'a lot of' is followed by a plural countable noun. 'Facility' becomes 'facilities'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'a lot of' phrase-টির পর plural countable noun বসে। তাই 'facility' পরিবর্তন হয়ে 'facilities' (সুযোগ-সুবিধা) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এর ফলে, সরকার মেয়েদের শিক্ষার প্রসারের জন্য প্রচুর সুযোগ-সুবিধা প্রদান করছে। 3. Cumilla Board 2026 (a) Sentence: So he is in need (a) _______ friends with whom he can mix... Answer: of Explanation: "In need of" is an appropriate prepositional phrase meaning requiring something. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "In need of" একটি appropriate preposition, যার অর্থ কোনো কিছুর প্রয়োজন হওয়া। Sentence Translation: তাই তার এমন বন্ধুদের প্রয়োজন যাদের সাথে সে মিশতে পারে... (b) Sentence: ...with whom he can mix and (b) _______ freely... Answer: converse Explanation: Parallelism rule. The modal 'can' is followed by base verbs joined by 'and' (can mix and converse). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। 'can' modal-টির পর 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি verb-ই base form-এ বসবে (mix and converse)। Sentence Translation: ...যাদের সাথে সে মিশতে পারে এবং স্বাধীনভাবে কথা বলতে পারে... (c) Sentence: ...exchanging thoughts and ideas, hopes and (c) _______. Answer: fears Explanation: Parallelism. Nouns are paired logically: thoughts and ideas, hopes and fears (contrasting pairs). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। Noun-গুলো জোড়ায় জোড়ায় বসেছে (আশা ও ভয়)। তাই 'fear' পরিবর্তন হয়ে plural 'fears' হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ...চিন্তা-ভাবনা, আশা ও ভয় বিনিময় করতে পারে। (d) Sentence: But everybody with whom we mix is not (d) _______ friend in the true sense of the (e) _______. Answer: a Explanation: Singular countable noun 'friend' takes the indefinite article 'a' before it. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Singular countable noun 'friend'-এর পূর্বে indefinite article 'a' বসে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যাদের সাথে আমরা মিশি তাদের সবাই শব্দের প্রকৃত অর্থে বন্ধু নয়। (e) Sentence: ...in the true sense of the (e) _______. Answer: term Explanation: "In the true sense of the term" is a common idiomatic phrase. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "In the true sense of the term" (শব্দের প্রকৃত অর্থে) একটি বহুল ব্যবহৃত phrase। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যাদের সাথে আমরা মিশি তাদের সবাই শব্দের প্রকৃত অর্থে বন্ধু নয়। (f) Sentence: Some gather (f) _______ us only in our (g) _______ for their self-interest. Answer: around Explanation: 'Gather around' is a phrasal verb meaning to come together near someone or something. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Gather around' একটি phrasal verb যার অর্থ কারও চারপাশে জড়ো হওয়া। Sentence Translation: কেউ কেউ কেবল তাদের স্বার্থের জন্য আমাদের সমৃদ্ধির সময় আমাদের চারপাশে জড়ো হয়। (g) Sentence: Some gather (f) _______ us only in our (g) _______ for their self-interest. Answer: prosperity Explanation: The possessive adjective 'our' must be followed by a noun. The verb 'prosper' becomes the noun 'prosperity'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Possessive adjective 'our'-এর পর অবশ্যই noun বসবে। তাই 'prosper' verb-টি noun রূপ 'prosperity' (সমৃদ্ধি)-তে পরিণত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কেউ কেউ কেবল তাদের স্বার্থের জন্য আমাদের সমৃদ্ধির সময় আমাদের চারপাশে জড়ো হয়। (h) Sentence: But wherever we are in trouble or difficulty, they (h) _______ us altogether. Answer: desert Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The plural subject 'they' takes the base form of the verb. 'Desert' means to abandon. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। Plural subject 'they' থাকায় মূল verb বসেছে। 'Desert'-এর অর্থ পরিত্যাগ করা। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যখনই আমরা কোনো সমস্যা বা বিপদে পড়ি, তারা আমাদের পুরোপুরি ছেড়ে চলে যায়। (i) Sentence: They are false friends and should be avoided by all (i) _______. Answer: means Explanation: "By all means" is an idiomatic phrase meaning 'in every possible way' or 'absolutely'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "By all means" একটি phrase যার অর্থ সর্বতোভাবে বা যেকোনো উপায়ে। Sentence Translation: তারা নকল বন্ধু এবং সর্বতোভাবে তাদের এড়িয়ে চলা উচিত। (j) Sentence: The test of real friends (j) _______ only in misfortune. Answer: comes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The real subject is 'The test' (singular), so the verb 'come' takes an 's'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। মূল সাবজেক্ট 'The test' (Singular) হওয়ায় verb 'come'-এর সাথে 's' যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: প্রকৃত বন্ধুর পরীক্ষা কেবল বিপদের সময়ই হয়। 4. Rajshahi Board 2026 (a) Sentence: So, as a student, you need to be (a) _______. Answer: competent Explanation: The 'be' verb is generally followed by an adjective acting as a subject complement. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'be' verb-এর পর সাধারণত Adjective বসে যা subject-এর অবস্থা বর্ণনা করে। Sentence Translation: তাই, একজন শিক্ষার্থী হিসেবে, তোমাকে যোগ্য হতে হবে। (b) Sentence: You have to give (b) _______ concentration (c) _______ your studies. Answer: full Explanation: An adjective is needed to modify the noun 'concentration'. 'Full' means complete. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'concentration' (মনোযোগ) noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন, তাই 'full' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তোমাকে তোমার পড়াশোনায় পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দিতে হবে। (c) Sentence: You have to give (b) _______ concentration (c) _______ your studies. Answer: on Explanation: The noun 'concentration' takes the appropriate preposition 'on'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'concentration' শব্দটির পর appropriate preposition হিসেবে 'on' বসে। Sentence Translation: তোমাকে তোমার পড়াশোনায় পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দিতে হবে। (d) Sentence: You must not be indifferent (d) _______ your studies. Answer: to Explanation: The adjective 'indifferent' strictly takes the appropriate preposition 'to'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'indifferent' (উদাসীন) adjective-টির পর appropriate preposition হিসেবে সবসময় 'to' বসে। Sentence Translation: তোমার পড়াশোনার প্রতি তোমার উদাসীন হওয়া উচিত নয়। (e) Sentence: No (e) _______ can make up your loss (f) _______ wasting time. Answer: compensation Explanation: The determiner 'No' must be followed by a noun. The verb 'compensate' changes to the noun 'compensation'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Determiner 'No'-এর পর একটি noun বসবে। তাই 'compensate' verb-টি noun রূপ 'compensation' (ক্ষতিপূরণ)-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সময় নষ্ট করার ক্ষতি কোনো ক্ষতিপূরণই পুষিয়ে দিতে পারে না। (f) Sentence: No (e) _______ can make up your loss (f) _______ wasting time. Answer: of Explanation: The preposition 'of' connects the noun 'loss' with the gerund phrase 'wasting time'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'loss' noun-টির সাথে 'wasting time' (সময় নষ্ট করা) gerund-এর সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করতে preposition 'of' (এর) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সময় নষ্ট করার ক্ষতি কোনো ক্ষতিপূরণই পুষিয়ে দিতে পারে না। (g) Sentence: There is no denying (g) _______ fact that true (h) _______ depends on hard labour. Answer: the Explanation: The definite article 'the' is used before 'fact' because it specifies a particular truth. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট একটি সত্যকে নির্দেশ করতে 'fact' শব্দের পূর্বে definite article 'the' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এ কথা অস্বীকার করার কোনো উপায় নেই যে প্রকৃত সাফল্য কঠোর পরিশ্রমের ওপর নির্ভর করে। (h) Sentence: There is no denying (g) _______ fact that true (h) _______ depends on hard labour. Answer: success Explanation: The adjective 'true' needs a noun to modify. 'Success' acts as the subject for the verb 'depends'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Adjective 'true'-এর পর একটি noun প্রয়োজন। 'Success' (সাফল্য) এখানে 'depends' verb-এর সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এ কথা অস্বীকার করার কোনো উপায় নেই যে প্রকৃত সাফল্য কঠোর পরিশ্রমের ওপর নির্ভর করে। (i) Sentence: So, you must shake (i) _______ your idleness from your brain. Answer: off Explanation: "Shake off" is a phrasal verb meaning to get rid of something. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Shake off" একটি phrasal verb যার অর্থ কোনো কিছু ঝেড়ে ফেলা বা দূর করা। Sentence Translation: তাই, তোমার মস্তিষ্ক থেকে অলসতা ঝেড়ে ফেলতে হবে। (j) Sentence: Otherwise, you have to pay (j) _______ lot in future. Answer: a Explanation: "A lot" is an established phrase meaning a great deal. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "A lot" একটি প্রচলিত phrase যার অর্থ প্রচুর বা অনেক। Sentence Translation: অন্যথায়, ভবিষ্যতে তোমাকে অনেক মূল্য চোকাতে হবে। 5. Jashore Board 2026 (a) Sentence: It includes all plants and animals that live in (a) _______ habitats. Answer: different Explanation: An adjective is required to modify the noun 'habitats'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'habitats' (বাসস্থান) noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adjective 'different' (বিভিন্ন) প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: এর মধ্যে বিভিন্ন বাসস্থানে বসবাসকারী সকল উদ্ভিদ এবং প্রাণী অন্তর্ভুক্ত। (b) Sentence: Every species plays an important role in maintaining (b) _______ balance of nature. Answer: the Explanation: The definite article 'the' specifies 'balance'. The structure 'the + noun + of' is very common. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'balance' শব্দটিকে নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝাতে definite article 'the' বসেছে। 'the + noun + of' একটি সাধারণ গঠন। Sentence Translation: প্রতিটি প্রজাতি প্রকৃতির ভারসাম্য বজায় রাখতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। (c) Sentence: When any species disappears, it affects many (c) _______ species as well. Answer: other Explanation: 'Other' is used as an adjective/determiner to refer to additional things of the same type. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একই ধরনের অন্যান্য জিনিস বোঝাতে determiner হিসেবে 'other' (অন্যান্য) ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: যখন কোনো প্রজাতি বিলুপ্ত হয়ে যায়, তখন তা অন্যান্য অনেক প্রজাতিকেও প্রভাবিত করে। (d) Sentence: Humans (d) _______ destroy forests for farming and construction. Answer: often Explanation: An adverb of frequency is placed before the main verb 'destroy' to show how frequently the action happens. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কাজটি কত ঘন ঘন হয় তা বোঝাতে মূল verb 'destroy'-এর পূর্বে frequency বোঝায় এমন adverb 'often' (প্রায়ই) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: মানুষেরা প্রায়ই কৃষিকাজ এবং নির্মাণের জন্য বন ধ্বংস করে। (e) Sentence: It causes (e) _______ of biodiversity. Answer: loss Explanation: A noun is needed as the object of the verb 'causes'. 'Loss' means reduction or disappearance. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'causes' verb-টির object হিসেবে একটি noun প্রয়োজন। এখানে 'loss' (ক্ষতি) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এর ফলে জীববৈচিত্র্যের ক্ষতি হয়। (f) Sentence: ...because we depend on (f) _______ for food, air and water. Answer: nature Explanation: The preposition 'on' requires a noun object. 'Nature' fits perfectly in meaning. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'on'-এর পর একটি noun object প্রয়োজন। অর্থের সাথে মিল রেখে 'nature' (প্রকৃতি) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...কারণ আমরা খাদ্য, বাতাস এবং পানির জন্য প্রকৃতির ওপর নির্ভর করি। (g) Sentence: Protecting forests is (g) _______ important than ever before. Answer: more Explanation: The comparative degree is triggered by the word 'than'. Polysyllabic adjective 'important' takes 'more'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যে 'than' থাকায় comparative degree হবে। 'important' বড় শব্দ হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে 'more' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: বন রক্ষা করা এখন আগের চেয়ে অনেক বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। (h) Sentence: We should act (h) _______ and protect our environment. Answer: responsibly Explanation: An adverb is needed to modify the verb 'act'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'act' (কাজ করা) verb-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি adverb 'responsibly' (দায়িত্বশীলতার সাথে) প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: আমাদের দায়িত্বশীলতার সাথে কাজ করা উচিত এবং পরিবেশ রক্ষা করা উচিত। (i) Sentence: Even small actions like planting trees and reducing waste can make (i) _______ big difference. Answer: a Explanation: 'Difference' is a singular countable noun. The phrase "make a difference" uses the article 'a'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Difference' একটি singular countable noun। "make a difference" phrase-টিতে article 'a' ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: এমনকি গাছ লাগানো এবং বর্জ্য কমানোর মতো ছোট কাজগুলোও বড় পরিবর্তন আনতে পারে। (j) Sentence: Government and (j) _______ must work together... Answer: communities Explanation: Plural noun is needed for parallelism with the plural implications of the sentence (multiple groups working together). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থের সাথে সামঞ্জস্য রেখে এখানে plural noun 'communities' (সম্প্রদায়গুলো) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সরকার এবং সম্প্রদায়গুলোকে একসাথে কাজ করতে হবে। 6. Mymensingh Board 2026 (a) Sentence: No nation can prosper without (a) _______. Answer: education Explanation: The preposition 'without' must be followed by a noun or gerund. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'without'-এর পর অবশ্যই একটি noun বা gerund বসবে। এখানে 'education' (শিক্ষা) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা ছাড়া কোনো জাতি উন্নতি করতে পারে না। (b) Sentence: Education (b) _______ our ignorance... Answer: removes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The subject 'Education' is third-person singular, so 'remove' takes an '-s'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট 'Education' থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb 'remove'-এর সাথে '-s' যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা আমাদের অজ্ঞতা দূর করে... (c) Sentence: ...and gives us (c) _______ of knowledge. Answer: light Explanation: A noun is needed as the direct object of the verb 'gives'. ('The' is usually placed before light here, but based on the box, 'light' is the correct core word). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'gives' verb-টির object হিসেবে একটি noun প্রয়োজন। তাই 'light' (আলো) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...এবং আমাদের জ্ঞানের আলো দেয়। (d) Sentence: In respect of (d) _______ education, there should be no (e) _______ between man and woman. Answer: imparting Explanation: The preposition 'of' is followed by a gerund (verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'of'-এর পর verb-এর gerund রূপ (verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে নারী ও পুরুষের মধ্যে কোনো বৈষম্য থাকা উচিত নয়। (e) Sentence: In respect of (d) _______ education, there should be no (e) _______ between man and woman. Answer: discrimination Explanation: The determiner 'no' requires a noun. The verb 'discriminate' changes to the noun 'discrimination'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Determiner 'no'-এর পর একটি noun প্রয়োজন। তাই 'discriminate' পরিবর্তন হয়ে noun 'discrimination' (বৈষম্য) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে নারী ও পুরুষের মধ্যে কোনো বৈষম্য থাকা উচিত নয়। (f) Sentence: Education is one of (f) _______ basic human rights. Answer: the Explanation: The phrase structure "one of the" requires the definite article 'the' before the plural noun phrase. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "one of the" phrase-টির নিয়মানুযায়ী plural noun ফ্রেজের পূর্বে definite article 'the' বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষা মানুষের মৌলিক অধিকারগুলোর মধ্যে অন্যতম। (g) Sentence: If we deprive women of the rights of education, almost half of our (g) _______ will remain in (h) _______. Answer: population Explanation: The possessive adjective 'our' must be followed by a noun. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Possessive adjective 'our'-এর পর অবশ্যই একটি noun বসবে। তাই 'population' (জনসংখ্যা) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা যদি নারীদের শিক্ষার অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করি, তবে আমাদের জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক অন্ধকারেই থেকে যাবে। (h) Sentence: If we deprive women of the rights of education, almost half of our (g) _______ will remain in (h) _______. Answer: darkness Explanation: The preposition 'in' must be followed by a noun. The adjective 'dark' changes to the noun 'darkness'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'in'-এর পর একটি noun প্রয়োজন। তাই 'dark' adjective-টি পরিবর্তন হয়ে noun 'darkness' (অন্ধকার) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা যদি নারীদের শিক্ষার অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করি, তবে আমাদের জনসংখ্যার প্রায় অর্ধেক অন্ধকারেই থেকে যাবে। (i) Sentence: No development can be (i) _______ without the participation of (j) _______. Answer: possible Explanation: The structure 'modal + be' is followed by an adjective as a complement. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'modal + be'-এর পর বাক্যের অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ করতে complement হিসেবে একটি adjective 'possible' (সম্ভব) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া কোনো উন্নয়নই সম্ভব হতে পারে না। (j) Sentence: No development can be (i) _______ without the participation of (j) _______. Answer: women Explanation: The preposition 'of' takes a noun object, representing the group involved. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'of'-এর পর একটি noun object বসে। এখানে 'women' (নারীদের) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: নারীদের অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া কোনো উন্নয়নই সম্ভব হতে পারে না। 7. Dinajpur Board 2026 (a) Sentence: I think it is not (a) _______. Answer: impossible Explanation: The 'be' verb ('is') takes an adjective complement. Contextually, "not impossible" implies there is a possibility. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'is' verb-টির পর complement হিসেবে Adjective বসে। বাক্যের অর্থ মেলাতে 'possible'-কে বিপরীত শব্দ 'impossible' (অসম্ভব) করা হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমি মনে করি এটি অসম্ভব নয়। (b) Sentence: The terms 'richest' and 'happiest' are not the (b) _______ things. Answer: same Explanation: An adjective is needed before the noun 'things'. "The same" indicates identical identity. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'things' noun-টির পূর্বে একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন। "the same" (একই) অভিন্নতা নির্দেশ করে। Sentence Translation: 'সবচেয়ে ধনী' এবং 'সবচেয়ে সুখী' শব্দ দুটি একই জিনিস নয়। (c) Sentence: In spite of being poor, (c) _______ future Bangladesh may have a lot of (d) _______ to become the happiest country. Answer: in Explanation: "In future" is a standard prepositional phrase indicating time yet to come. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "In future" (ভবিষ্যতে) একটি বহুল ব্যবহৃত prepositional phrase। Sentence Translation: গরিব হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, ভবিষ্যতে বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশ হওয়ার অনেক সুযোগ থাকতে পারে। (d) Sentence: ...may have a lot of (d) _______ to become the happiest country. Answer: chances Explanation: The phrase "a lot of" is followed by a plural countable noun. So, 'chance' becomes 'chances'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "a lot of" phrase-টির পর plural countable noun বসে। তাই 'chance' পরিবর্তন হয়ে 'chances' (সুযোগ) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ...ভবিষ্যতে বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে সুখী দেশ হওয়ার অনেক সুযোগ থাকতে পারে। (e) Sentence: ...clean and (e) _______ environment... Answer: tidy Explanation: Parallelism rule. The conjunction 'and' joins two similar parts of speech. Both 'clean' and 'tidy' are adjectives. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। 'and' conjunction-টি দুটি একই রকম শব্দকে যুক্ত করে, তাই 'clean'-এর মতো 'tidy'-ও একটি Adjective। Sentence Translation: ...পরিচ্ছন্ন ও ছিমছাম পরিবেশ... (f) Sentence: ...are (f) _______ basic points of reformation. Answer: the Explanation: The definite article 'the' specifies the particular "basic points" belonging to reformation. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সংস্কারের "মৌলিক বিষয়গুলোকে" নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝাতে definite article 'the' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...হলো সংস্কারের মূল বিষয়। (g) Sentence: Many countries in the world, from the lowest condition, progressed to the highest (g) _______. Answer: level Explanation: An adjective ('highest') is followed by a noun. 'Level' indicates the stage or position. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Adjective ('highest')-এর পর একটি noun বসে। এখানে 'level' (স্তর) অবস্থান নির্দেশ করছে। Sentence Translation: বিশ্বের অনেক দেশ সবচেয়ে নিচু অবস্থা থেকে সর্বোচ্চ স্তরে অগ্রসর হয়েছে। (h) Sentence: Singapore can be (h) _______. Answer: exemplified Explanation: Passive voice structure ('modal + be + past participle'). The verb 'exemplify' changes to V3 'exemplified'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive voice-এর গঠন ('modal + be + past participle (V3)')। তাই 'exemplify' verb-টির V3 রূপ 'exemplified' (উদাহরণ দেওয়া) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সিঙ্গাপুরকে এর উদাহরণ হিসেবে দেখানো যেতে পারে। (i) Sentence: The most important thing is that as a nation, we should (i) _______ crave for it. Answer: unitedly Explanation: An adverb is needed to modify the verb 'crave'. The adjective 'united' changes to the adverb 'unitedly'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'crave' (আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা) verb-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adverb প্রয়োজন। তাই 'united' থেকে 'unitedly' (ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো, জাতি হিসেবে আমাদের ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে এর আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা উচিত। (j) Sentence: Our fate can be changed only by (j) _______. Answer: ourselves Explanation: The preposition 'by' requires an object. To refer back to the subject 'Our', the reflexive pronoun 'ourselves' is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'by'-এর পর object বসে। বাক্যের সাবজেক্টের (আমাদের) সাথে সংগতি রেখে reflexive pronoun 'ourselves' (আমরা নিজেরাই) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের ভাগ্য কেবল আমরা নিজেরাই পরিবর্তন করতে পারি। 8. Sylhet Board 2026 (a) Sentence: Morning walk is (a) _______ to our health. Answer: beneficial Explanation: The 'be' verb ('is') takes an adjective as a subject complement. 'Beneficial' pairs perfectly with the preposition 'to'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'is' verb-টির পর complement হিসেবে Adjective বসে। 'Beneficial' (উপকারী) শব্দটি 'to' preposition-এর সাথে যথাযথভাবে খাপ খায়। Sentence Translation: প্রাতঃভ্রমণ আমাদের স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী। (b) Sentence: If one walks early in the morning, he can feel the (b) _______ of air. Answer: freshness Explanation: The definite article 'the' is followed by a noun. The adjective 'fresh' is changed to the noun 'freshness'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Definite article 'the'-এর পর একটি noun বসে। তাই 'fresh' adjective-টি পরিবর্তন হয়ে noun 'freshness' (সতেজতা) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: কেউ যদি খুব সকালে হাঁটে, তবে সে বাতাসের সতেজতা অনুভব করতে পারে। (c) Sentence: (c) _______ natural beauty will give him (d) _______ pleasure. Answer: The Explanation: The definite article 'The' points to the specific beauty of the morning environment. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সকালের পরিবেশের নির্দিষ্ট সৌন্দর্যকে নির্দেশ করতে বাক্যের শুরুতে definite article 'The' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য তাকে অগাধ আনন্দ দেবে। (d) Sentence: (c) _______ natural beauty will give him (d) _______ pleasure. Answer: immense Explanation: An adjective is needed to quantify or describe the uncountable noun 'pleasure'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'pleasure' (আনন্দ) uncountable noun-টিকে বর্ণনা করার জন্য Adjective 'immense' (প্রচুর/অগাধ) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য তাকে অগাধ আনন্দ দেবে। (e) Sentence: Morning walk can provide one (e) _______ the opportunity... Answer: with Explanation: The appropriate preposition structure is "provide someone with something". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কাউকে কিছু প্রদান করা বোঝাতে appropriate preposition হিসেবে "provide someone with something" ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: প্রাতঃভ্রমণ একজনকে সূর্যোদয়ের সোনালী আভা উপভোগ করার সুযোগ প্রদান করতে পারে। (f) Sentence: ...opportunity of enjoying the (f) _______ glow of sunrise. Answer: golden Explanation: An adjective is required to modify the noun 'glow'. The noun 'gold' changes to the adjective 'golden'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'glow' noun-টিকে modify করার জন্য একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন। তাই 'gold' শব্দটির Adjective রূপ 'golden' (সোনালী) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: ...সূর্যোদয়ের সোনালী আভা উপভোগ করার সুযোগ প্রদান করতে পারে। (g) Sentence: After walking he returns home with a (g) _______ mind. Answer: cheerful Explanation: An adjective is needed before the noun 'mind'. The verb/noun 'cheer' changes to 'cheerful'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'mind' noun-টির পূর্বে একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন। তাই 'cheer' পরিবর্তন হয়ে Adjective রূপ 'cheerful' (প্রফুল্ল) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: হাঁটার পরে সে একটি প্রফুল্ল মন নিয়ে বাড়ি ফেরে। (h) Sentence: It helps him keep fit physically and (h) _______. Answer: mentally Explanation: Parallelism rule. The conjunction 'and' joins two similar adverbs ('physically' and 'mentally'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হওয়ায় 'physically'-এর মতো পরের শব্দটিও Adverb 'mentally' (মানসিকভাবে) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এটি তাকে শারীরিকভাবে এবং মানসিকভাবে সুস্থ রাখতে সাহায্য করে। (i) Sentence: He will have a (i) _______ start of his day... Answer: good Explanation: An adjective is needed before the noun 'start'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'start' noun-টির পূর্বে একটি Adjective হিসেবে 'good' (ভালো) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সে যদি নিয়মিত প্রাতঃভ্রমণ করে, তবে তার দিনটির একটি ভালো শুরু হবে। (j) Sentence: ...if he takes morning walk (j) _______. Answer: regularly Explanation: An adverb is needed to show the frequency of the verb action ('takes'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'takes' verb-টির কাজ কত ঘন ঘন হয় তা বোঝাতে Adverb 'regularly' (নিয়মিত) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: সে যদি নিয়মিত প্রাতঃভ্রমণ করে, তবে তার দিনটির একটি ভালো শুরু হবে। 9. Dakhil Board 2026 (a) Sentence: It is beneficial (a) _______ health. Answer: to Explanation: The adjective 'beneficial' takes the appropriate preposition 'to' when indicating who or what it helps. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কিছুর জন্য উপকারী বোঝাতে 'beneficial' adjective-টির পর appropriate preposition হিসেবে 'to' বসে। Sentence Translation: এটি স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী। (b) Sentence: It is (b) _______ as well. Answer: pleasant Explanation: The 'be' verb ('is') requires an adjective complement to describe the subject ('It' - Morning walk). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'is' verb-টির পর subject-এর অবস্থা বর্ণনা করতে complement হিসেবে Adjective 'pleasant' (আনন্দদায়ক) বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এটি আনন্দদায়কও বটে। (c) Sentence: It exercises a good effect (c) _______ a man's body and mind. Answer: on Explanation: The noun 'effect' typically takes the appropriate preposition 'on'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'effect' (প্রভাব) শব্দটির পর appropriate preposition হিসেবে 'on' বসে। Sentence Translation: এটি মানুষের শরীর ও মনে ভালো প্রভাব ফেলে। (d) Sentence: It gives him (d) _______ opportunity to (e) _______ the beauties of nature too. Answer: an Explanation: 'Opportunity' is a singular countable noun starting with a vowel sound (o), so the article 'an' is used. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: 'Opportunity' শব্দটি vowel sound দিয়ে শুরু হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে indefinite article 'an' বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এটি তাকে প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্য উপভোগ করার একটি সুযোগও দেয়। (e) Sentence: It gives him (d) _______ opportunity to (e) _______ the beauties of nature too. Answer: enjoy Explanation: This is an infinitive structure: 'to' + the base form of the verb ('enjoy'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Infinitive-এর গঠন: 'to'-এর পর verb-এর base form ('enjoy') বসেছে। Sentence Translation: এটি তাকে প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্য উপভোগ করার একটি সুযোগও দেয়। (f) Sentence: In the morning, nature looks fresh and (f) _______. Answer: beautiful Explanation: Parallelism. Linking verb 'looks' takes adjective complements ('fresh'). The conjunction 'and' requires another adjective ('beautiful'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। Linking verb 'looks'-এর পর Adjective বসে। 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হওয়ায় 'fresh'-এর মতো পরের শব্দটিও Adjective 'beautiful' (সুন্দর) হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সকালে প্রকৃতিকে সতেজ এবং সুন্দর দেখায়। (g) Sentence: When a man takes (g) _______ morning walk... Answer: a Explanation: The phrase "take a walk" uses the indefinite article 'a'. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "take a walk" (হাঁটতে বের হওয়া) phrase-টিতে indefinite article 'a' ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: যখন কোনো মানুষ সকালে হাঁটে... (h) Sentence: After taking morning walk a man returns home (h) _______ cheerful mind. Answer: with Explanation: The preposition 'with' indicates possession or having a certain quality (having a cheerful mind). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাথে থাকা বা কোনো অবস্থা ধারণ করা বোঝাতে preposition 'with' (নিয়ে/সাথে) ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: প্রাতঃভ্রমণ করার পর একজন মানুষ প্রফুল্ল মন নিয়ে বাড়ি ফেরে। (i) Sentence: He takes his breakfast with great relish and starts his work with a fresh and (i) _______ mind. Answer: vigorous Explanation: Parallelism. The conjunction 'and' connects two adjectives describing 'mind' ('fresh' and 'vigorous'). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন। 'mind' noun-টিকে বর্ণনা করার জন্য 'and' দ্বারা দুটি Adjective ('fresh' এবং 'vigorous') যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সে পরম তৃপ্তির সাথে সকালের নাস্তা করে এবং সতেজ ও প্রাণবন্ত মন নিয়ে তার কাজ শুরু করে। (j) Sentence: In short, morning walk is so pleasant and good (j) _______ health. Answer: for Explanation: The adjective 'good' indicating benefit or suitability takes the preposition 'for' (good for health). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কিছুর জন্য ভালো বা উপযুক্ত বোঝাতে 'good' adjective-টির পর 'for' preposition বসে (good for health)। Sentence Translation: সংক্ষেপে, প্রাতঃভ্রমণ অত্যন্ত আনন্দদায়ক এবং স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো।

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination HSC All Board Questions 2026 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: (0.5x10=5) Reading is really like (a) ____ (take) a flight to greater heights in pursuit of knowledge. It is a journey towards enlightment. Even if you have (b) ____ (read) one good book in your life, you (c) ____ (know) what reading (d) ____ (give). It provides you with incomparable pleasure. Read one good book and you will know what the joys of reading (e) ____ (be). Reading (f) ____ (nourish) your mind. It gives you both information and knowledge and teaches you to distinguish between the two. Reading informs you of what (g) ____ (happen) around you, helps you (h) ____ (remain) updated about what (i) ____ (change). It is through reading you understand that knowledge (j) ____ (know) no bounds and the hunger for it is insatiable. Answer : (a) taking (b) read (c) will know (d) gives (e) are (f) nourishes (g) is happening / happens (h) remain / to remain (i) is changing / changes (j) knows Complete Answer Text Reading is really like (a) taking a flight to greater heights in pursuit of knowledge. It is a journey towards enlightment. Even if you have (b) read one good book in your life, you (c) will know what reading (d) gives. It provides you with incomparable pleasure. Read one good book and you will know what the joys of reading (e) are. Reading (f) nourishes your mind. It gives you both information and knowledge and teaches you to distinguish between the two. Reading informs you of what (g) is happening / happens around you, helps you (h) remain / to remain updated about what (i) is changing / changes. It is through reading you understand that knowledge (j) knows no bounds and the hunger for it is insatiable. Sentence-by-Sentence Breakdown & Bengali Translation 1. Reading is really like (a) taking a flight to greater heights in pursuit of knowledge. Answer (a): taking Explanation: The preposition "like" is followed by a gerund (verb + -ing). Translation: (বই পড়া সত্যিই জ্ঞান অন্বেষণে বৃহত্তর উচ্চতায় উড়ে যাওয়ার মতো।) 2. It is a journey towards enlightment. Translation: (এটি আলোকিত হওয়ার দিকে একটি যাত্রা।) 3. Even if you have (b) read one good book in your life, you (c) will know what reading (d) gives. Answer (b): read Explanation: The sentence uses the present perfect tense ("have" + past participle of read, which is spelled the same). Answer (c): will know Explanation: Expresses a future result or certainty based on the condition ("Even if you have..."). Answer (d): gives Explanation: Expresses a general truth. The subject "reading" is an uncountable/singular gerund, so the verb takes an 's'. Translation: (এমনকি আপনি যদি জীবনে একটিও ভালো বই পড়ে থাকেন, তবে আপনি জানতে পারবেন পড়া আমাদের কী দেয়।) 4. It provides you with incomparable pleasure. Translation: (এটি আপনাকে অতুলনীয় আনন্দ প্রদান করে।) 5. Read one good book and you will know what the joys of reading (e) are. Answer (e): are Explanation: The subject of the clause is "the joys" (plural), so the 'to be' verb must be plural ("are") in the present tense. Translation: (একটি ভালো বই পড়ুন এবং আপনি জানতে পারবেন পড়ার আনন্দগুলো কী।) 6. Reading (f) nourishes your mind. Answer (f): nourishes Explanation: A universal truth/habitual fact. "Reading" is a singular subject, so the present indefinite verb takes 'es'. Translation: (পড়া আপনার মনকে পুষ্ট করে।) 7. It gives you both information and knowledge and teaches you to distinguish between the two. Translation: (এটি আপনাকে তথ্য এবং জ্ঞান উভয়ই দেয় এবং দুটির মধ্যে পার্থক্য করতে শেখায়।) 8. Reading informs you of what (g) is happening / happens around you, helps you (h) remain / to remain updated about what (i) is changing / changes. Answer (g): is happening or happens Explanation: Can be present continuous (things happening right now) or present indefinite (things that generally happen). Answer (h): remain or to remain Explanation: The verb "help" can be followed by a bare infinitive (remain) or a full infinitive (to remain). Both are grammatically correct. Answer (i): is changing or changes Explanation: Similar to (g), it refers to ongoing changes or general facts of change. Translation: (পড়া আপনাকে জানায় আপনার চারপাশে কী ঘটছে/ঘটে, এবং কী পরিবর্তন হচ্ছে/হয় সে সম্পর্কে হালনাগাদ থাকতে সাহায্য করে।) 9. It is through reading you understand that knowledge (j) knows no bounds and the hunger for it is insatiable. Answer (j): knows Explanation: "Knowledge" is a singular, uncountable noun, so the present simple verb takes an 's'. This also forms the common idiom "knows no bounds" (সীমা নেই). Translation: (পড়ার মাধ্যমেই আপনি বুঝতে পারেন যে জ্ঞানের কোনো সীমা নেই এবং এর প্রতি ক্ষুধা অপূরণীয়।) HSC All Board Questions 2025 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [DB-2025] In this world truth (a) ________ (reign) over falsehood. Those who are always in the habit of (b) ________ (speak) the truth (c) ________ (respect) everywhere. But those who are involved in telling lies (d) ________ (shine) in life. That is why, we see that many great men in the history used to (e) ________ (preach) truth among their countrymen. (f) ________ (be) truthful is essential for our society. It (g) ________ (hold) the highest value in (h) ________ (make) our society better. This quality (i) ________ (consider) as one of the essential factors that empowers us from within. A truthful man is a (j) ________ (trust) person. And this trust (k) ________ (build) confidence in us. Confidence makes us (l) ________ (feel) better. When we start (m) ________ (get) comfortable with speaking the truth, we will begin to prosper. So, we should try hard (n) ________ (stay) away from the lies. Answers: (a) reigns; (b) speaking; (c) are respected; (d) don't shine/cannot shine; (e) preach; (f) Being/To be; (g) holds; (h) making; (i) is considered; (j) trusted; (k) builds; (l) feel; (m) getting/to get; (n) to stay. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [MB-2025] One day in 1976, Professor Muhammad Yunus (a) ________ (visit) a poor village near Chittagong University. He (b) ________ (meet) a poor woman who made bamboo stools for a living. Although she (c) ________ (work) hard, she (d) ________ (remain) poor because she (e) ________ (force) to pay a high price for the bamboo. She did not have enough money (f) ________ (buy) the bamboo and used to (g) ________ (take) loans from the moneylenders on an exorbitant interest. Professor Yunus (h) ________ (know) that he could not simply (i) ________ (give) her the money she needed because it (j) ________ (rob) the woman of her dignity. Instead, he (k) ________ (ask) the people in the village how much money they (l) ________ (need) to start their own business and free themselves from poverty. He (m) ________ (lend) the equivalent of about US $27.00 from his pocket to 42 women of the village. Those women (n) ________ (set) up their small business and started to earn money to support their families. Answers: (a) visited; (b) met; (c) worked; (d) remained; (e) was forced; (f) to buy; (g) take; (h) knew; (i) give; (j) could rob/would rob; (k) asked; (l) needed; (m) lent; (n) set. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [CB-2025] A teacher (a) ________ (compare) with an architect. Teachers (b) ________ (call) the architects of a nation. They (c) ________ (play) an important role in order to build a nation. They are used to (d) ________ (make) the illiterate people worthy citizens. But the teachers (e) ________ (hold) in high respect in our country. They are habituated to (f) ________ (lead) a humble life in the midst of want. Still they (g) ________ (keep) the light of education (h) ________ (burn) with a view to (i) ________ (remove) the darkness of illiteracy. It is high time we (j) ________ (change) our outlook towards the teachers. In many developed countries, teachers (k) ________ (give) high respect. "A most important truth, which we are apt (l) ________ (forget), is that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still (m) ________ (learn) himself. A lamp can never light another lamp unless it (n) ________ (continue) to burn its own flame," Tagore said. Answers: (a) is compared; (b) are called; (c) play; (d) making; (e) are not held; (f) leading; (g) keep/are keeping/have been keeping; (h) burning; (i) removing; (j) changed; (k) are given; (l) to forget; (m) learning; (n) continues. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [RB-2025] Change (a) ________ (be) the order of nature because we know the proverb that old order changes (b) ________ (yield) place to the new. So, nothing (c) ________ (remain) new forever. The same we (d) ________ (notice) in entertainment also. Old and traditional forms (e) ________ (change) and (f) ________ (modify) by new and modern forms of entertainment. Many of them (g) ________ (exist) any longer. Today TV channels and satellite (h) ________ (supersede) radio; similarly band and pop music (i) ________ (replace) our popular old songs. Football (j) ________ (lose) its appeal day by day. Cricket and other games (k) ________ (become) more and more popular. Our idea about the popularity of entertainment also (l) ________ (change). We've started (m) ________ (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way and (n) ________ (get) habituated to it. Answers: (a) is; (b) yielding; (c) remains/can remain; (d) notice/can notice; (e) are being changed/have been changed/are changed; (f) modified; (g) do not exist; (h) are superseding/have superseded; (i) is replacing/has replaced; (j) is losing; (k) are becoming; (l) is changing/has changed/changes; (m) looking/to look; (n) are getting/to get/getting/got. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [DjB-2025] Jerry is an orphan. He (a) ________ (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. He (b) ________ (lose) his parents in his infancy. Then, he (c) ________ (commit) to the care of the orphanage. He could hardly (d) ________ (recollect) his parents' memory. In spite of (e) ________ (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. His inimitable morality (f) ________ (draw) him close to the writer. The writer (g) ________ (impress) with him. She started (h) ________ (show) affection for him. Jerry (i) ________ (take) her as his mother. He fabricated a lie (j) ________ (win) her heart. The orphan boy (k) ________ (come) closer to her. She also (l) ________ (love) him like her son. Once she (m) ________ (leave) the place but she (n) ________ (cherish) the memory of the boy till her old age. Answers: (a) came; (b) lost; (c) was committed; (d) recollect; (e) being; (f) drew; (g) was impressed; (h) to show/showing; (i) took; (j) to win; (k) came; (l) loved; (m) left; (n) had been cherishing. 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [JB-2025] Books (a) ________ (possess) an essence of immortality. They (b) ________ (be) the most precious products of human efforts. Temples (c) ________ (crumble) into ashes. Pictures and statues (d) ________ (decay) but books (e) ________ (survive). Time is of no account for great thoughts which (f) ________ (be) as fresh today as they (g) ________ (be) when came through the authors' minds ages ago. What (h) ________ (be) then thought or said still (i) ________ (speak) to us. Books (j) ________ (introduce) us to the best society. They (k) ________ (bring) us into the presence of the noblest minds that have ever (l) ________ (live). We hear what they (m) ________ (think) or said. We see them as if they (n) ________ (be) really alive. Answers: (a) possess; (b) are; (c) crumble; (d) decay; (e) survive; (f) are; (g) were; (h) was/were; (i) speaks/speak; (j) introduce; (k) bring; (l) lived; (m) thought; (n) were. 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs as per subject and context: [CtgB-2025] A mother is a supreme gift (a) ________ (bestow) upon us by Allah. She (b) ________ (exercise) an undeniable influence in (c) ________ (mould) the character of a child and also in (d) ________ (shape) their future destiny. A mother (e) ________ (regard) as the best teacher, guide and protector. An educated mother (f) ________ (manage) the family in a far better way than a mother who has (g) ________ (have) no schooling. She (h) ________ (be) more interested in (i) ________ (get) her children educated. She (j) ________ (sacrifice) her own happiness to (k) ________ (ensure) a better future for her children. So, often it (l) ________ (say) that the hands that (m) ________ (rock) the cradle (n) ________ (rule) the world. Answers:(a) bestowed; (b) exercises; (c) moulding; (d) shaping; (e) is regarded; (f) manages/can manage; (g) had; (h) is; (i) getting; (j) sacrifices; (k) ensure; (l) is said; (m) rock; (n) rule. 8. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of verbs as per subject and context: [SB-2025] Festivals (a) ________ (be) common to all societies and cultures. With the change of social and economic structures, the nature of festivals also (b) ________ (change). But some festivals (c) ________ (be) so deeply (d) ________ (root) in the social organism that they (e) ________ (continue) to entertain from generation to generation. Some of the festivals (f) ________ (bear) the mark of the community and nationality, some (g) ________ (have) the stamp of religion and again some (h) ________ (bear) the impression of politics. The festivals, which (i) ________ (get started) in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food (j) ________ (have) now been (k) ________ (fill) with various colours and varieties. The main foundation of festivals (l) ________ (be) ritual and most of the ancient rituals (m) ________ (be) collective activities. Many of the rituals were (n) ________ (relate) to agriculture and were determined by lunar months. Answers: (a) are; (b) changes; (c) are; (d) rooted; (e) continue; (f) bear; (g) have; (h) bear; (i) got started; (j) have; (k) filled; (l) is; (m) were; (n) related. 9. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [BB-2025] In the current social and economic system of Bangladesh, everyone (a) ________ (depend) on his income in order to (b) ________ (meet) the daily needs. However, many people of our country (c) ________ (not earn) enough to live comfortably. People of low income are to (d) ________ (struggle) a lot to buy food, clothes and medicine because prices of everything (e) ________ (rise) high day by day. Generally, people in rural areas (f) ________ (feel) the pressure even more as they earn less. In fact, they (g) ________ (have) fewer opportunities to improve their financial condition. When prices go up, many families (h) ________ (not buy) enough healthy food and this causes malnourishment of the children. Sometimes they cannot help (i) ________ (borrow) money, which (j) ________ (lead) to debt. High prices also (k) ________ (affect) their children's education. Many a student (l) ________ (drop) out of school as their parents cannot afford to (m) ________ (bear) their educational expenses. But for the true development of our country, proper education must be (n) ________ (ensure) at any cost. Answers: (a) depends; (b) meet; (c) do not earn; (d) struggle; (e) are rising; (f) feel; (g) have; (h) cannot buy; (i) borrowing; (j) leads; (k) affect; (l) drops; (m) bear; (n) ensured.

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination HSC All Board Questions 2025 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [DB-2025] In this world truth (a) ________ (reign) over falsehood. Those who are always in the habit of (b) ________ (speak) the truth (c) ________ (respect) everywhere. But those who are involved in telling lies (d) ________ (shine) in life. That is why, we see that many great men in the history used to (e) ________ (preach) truth among their countrymen. (f) ________ (be) truthful is essential for our society. It (g) ________ (hold) the highest value in (h) ________ (make) our society better. This quality (i) ________ (consider) as one of the essential factors that empowers us from within. A truthful man is a (j) ________ (trust) person. And this trust (k) ________ (build) confidence in us. Confidence makes us (l) ________ (feel) better. When we start (m) ________ (get) comfortable with speaking the truth, we will begin to prosper. So, we should try hard (n) ________ (stay) away from the lies. Answers: (a) reigns; (b) speaking; (c) are respected; (d) don't shine/cannot shine; (e) preach; (f) Being/To be; (g) holds; (h) making; (i) is considered; (j) trusted; (k) builds; (l) feel; (m) getting/to get; (n) to stay. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [MB-2025] One day in 1976, Professor Muhammad Yunus (a) ________ (visit) a poor village near Chittagong University. He (b) ________ (meet) a poor woman who made bamboo stools for a living. Although she (c) ________ (work) hard, she (d) ________ (remain) poor because she (e) ________ (force) to pay a high price for the bamboo. She did not have enough money (f) ________ (buy) the bamboo and used to (g) ________ (take) loans from the moneylenders on an exorbitant interest. Professor Yunus (h) ________ (know) that he could not simply (i) ________ (give) her the money she needed because it (j) ________ (rob) the woman of her dignity. Instead, he (k) ________ (ask) the people in the village how much money they (l) ________ (need) to start their own business and free themselves from poverty. He (m) ________ (lend) the equivalent of about US $27.00 from his pocket to 42 women of the village. Those women (n) ________ (set) up their small business and started to earn money to support their families. Answers: (a) visited; (b) met; (c) worked; (d) remained; (e) was forced; (f) to buy; (g) take; (h) knew; (i) give; (j) could rob/would rob; (k) asked; (l) needed; (m) lent; (n) set. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [CB-2025] A teacher (a) ________ (compare) with an architect. Teachers (b) ________ (call) the architects of a nation. They (c) ________ (play) an important role in order to build a nation. They are used to (d) ________ (make) the illiterate people worthy citizens. But the teachers (e) ________ (hold) in high respect in our country. They are habituated to (f) ________ (lead) a humble life in the midst of want. Still they (g) ________ (keep) the light of education (h) ________ (burn) with a view to (i) ________ (remove) the darkness of illiteracy. It is high time we (j) ________ (change) our outlook towards the teachers. In many developed countries, teachers (k) ________ (give) high respect. "A most important truth, which we are apt (l) ________ (forget), is that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still (m) ________ (learn) himself. A lamp can never light another lamp unless it (n) ________ (continue) to burn its own flame," Tagore said. Answers: (a) is compared; (b) are called; (c) play; (d) making; (e) are not held; (f) leading; (g) keep/are keeping/have been keeping; (h) burning; (i) removing; (j) changed; (k) are given; (l) to forget; (m) learning; (n) continues. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [RB-2025] Change (a) ________ (be) the order of nature because we know the proverb that old order changes (b) ________ (yield) place to the new. So, nothing (c) ________ (remain) new forever. The same we (d) ________ (notice) in entertainment also. Old and traditional forms (e) ________ (change) and (f) ________ (modify) by new and modern forms of entertainment. Many of them (g) ________ (exist) any longer. Today TV channels and satellite (h) ________ (supersede) radio; similarly band and pop music (i) ________ (replace) our popular old songs. Football (j) ________ (lose) its appeal day by day. Cricket and other games (k) ________ (become) more and more popular. Our idea about the popularity of entertainment also (l) ________ (change). We've started (m) ________ (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way and (n) ________ (get) habituated to it. Answers: (a) is; (b) yielding; (c) remains/can remain; (d) notice/can notice; (e) are being changed/have been changed/are changed; (f) modified; (g) do not exist; (h) are superseding/have superseded; (i) is replacing/has replaced; (j) is losing; (k) are becoming; (l) is changing/has changed/changes; (m) looking/to look; (n) are getting/to get/getting/got. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [DjB-2025] Jerry is an orphan. He (a) ________ (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. He (b) ________ (lose) his parents in his infancy. Then, he (c) ________ (commit) to the care of the orphanage. He could hardly (d) ________ (recollect) his parents' memory. In spite of (e) ________ (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. His inimitable morality (f) ________ (draw) him close to the writer. The writer (g) ________ (impress) with him. She started (h) ________ (show) affection for him. Jerry (i) ________ (take) her as his mother. He fabricated a lie (j) ________ (win) her heart. The orphan boy (k) ________ (come) closer to her. She also (l) ________ (love) him like her son. Once she (m) ________ (leave) the place but she (n) ________ (cherish) the memory of the boy till her old age. Answers: (a) came; (b) lost; (c) was committed; (d) recollect; (e) being; (f) drew; (g) was impressed; (h) to show/showing; (i) took; (j) to win; (k) came; (l) loved; (m) left; (n) had been cherishing. 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [JB-2025] Books (a) ________ (possess) an essence of immortality. They (b) ________ (be) the most precious products of human efforts. Temples (c) ________ (crumble) into ashes. Pictures and statues (d) ________ (decay) but books (e) ________ (survive). Time is of no account for great thoughts which (f) ________ (be) as fresh today as they (g) ________ (be) when came through the authors' minds ages ago. What (h) ________ (be) then thought or said still (i) ________ (speak) to us. Books (j) ________ (introduce) us to the best society. They (k) ________ (bring) us into the presence of the noblest minds that have ever (l) ________ (live). We hear what they (m) ________ (think) or said. We see them as if they (n) ________ (be) really alive. Answers: (a) possess; (b) are; (c) crumble; (d) decay; (e) survive; (f) are; (g) were; (h) was/were; (i) speaks/speak; (j) introduce; (k) bring; (l) lived; (m) thought; (n) were. 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs as per subject and context: [CtgB-2025] A mother is a supreme gift (a) ________ (bestow) upon us by Allah. She (b) ________ (exercise) an undeniable influence in (c) ________ (mould) the character of a child and also in (d) ________ (shape) their future destiny. A mother (e) ________ (regard) as the best teacher, guide and protector. An educated mother (f) ________ (manage) the family in a far better way than a mother who has (g) ________ (have) no schooling. She (h) ________ (be) more interested in (i) ________ (get) her children educated. She (j) ________ (sacrifice) her own happiness to (k) ________ (ensure) a better future for her children. So, often it (l) ________ (say) that the hands that (m) ________ (rock) the cradle (n) ________ (rule) the world. Answers:(a) bestowed; (b) exercises; (c) moulding; (d) shaping; (e) is regarded; (f) manages/can manage; (g) had; (h) is; (i) getting; (j) sacrifices; (k) ensure; (l) is said; (m) rock; (n) rule. 8. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of verbs as per subject and context: [SB-2025] Festivals (a) ________ (be) common to all societies and cultures. With the change of social and economic structures, the nature of festivals also (b) ________ (change). But some festivals (c) ________ (be) so deeply (d) ________ (root) in the social organism that they (e) ________ (continue) to entertain from generation to generation. Some of the festivals (f) ________ (bear) the mark of the community and nationality, some (g) ________ (have) the stamp of religion and again some (h) ________ (bear) the impression of politics. The festivals, which (i) ________ (get started) in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food (j) ________ (have) now been (k) ________ (fill) with various colours and varieties. The main foundation of festivals (l) ________ (be) ritual and most of the ancient rituals (m) ________ (be) collective activities. Many of the rituals were (n) ________ (relate) to agriculture and were determined by lunar months. Answers: (a) are; (b) changes; (c) are; (d) rooted; (e) continue; (f) bear; (g) have; (h) bear; (i) got started; (j) have; (k) filled; (l) is; (m) were; (n) related. 9. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: [BB-2025] In the current social and economic system of Bangladesh, everyone (a) ________ (depend) on his income in order to (b) ________ (meet) the daily needs. However, many people of our country (c) ________ (not earn) enough to live comfortably. People of low income are to (d) ________ (struggle) a lot to buy food, clothes and medicine because prices of everything (e) ________ (rise) high day by day. Generally, people in rural areas (f) ________ (feel) the pressure even more as they earn less. In fact, they (g) ________ (have) fewer opportunities to improve their financial condition. When prices go up, many families (h) ________ (not buy) enough healthy food and this causes malnourishment of the children. Sometimes they cannot help (i) ________ (borrow) money, which (j) ________ (lead) to debt. High prices also (k) ________ (affect) their children's education. Many a student (l) ________ (drop) out of school as their parents cannot afford to (m) ________ (bear) their educational expenses. But for the true development of our country, proper education must be (n) ________ (ensure) at any cost. Answers: (a) depends; (b) meet; (c) do not earn; (d) struggle; (e) are rising; (f) feel; (g) have; (h) cannot buy; (i) borrowing; (j) leads; (k) affect; (l) drops; (m) bear; (n) ensured. Answers with Explanation 1. Dhaka Board (DB-2025) (a) Sentence: In this world truth (a) ________ (reign) over falsehood. Answer: reigns Explanation: The sentence states a universal truth, requiring the Present Indefinite Tense. The subject "truth" is third-person singular, so the base verb takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি একটি চিরন্তন সত্য প্রকাশ করছে, তাই এটি Present Indefinite Tense হবে। Subject "truth" থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার নাম্বার হওয়ায় মূল verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এই পৃথিবীতে মিথ্যার ওপর সত্য বিরাজ করে (বা জয়লাভ করে)। (b) Sentence: Those who are always in the habit of (b) ________ (speak) the truth (c) ________ (respect) everywhere. Answer: speaking Explanation: The preposition "of" is always followed by the gerund form of a verb (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "of"-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: যাদের সবসময় সত্য কথা বলার অভ্যাস আছে, তারা সর্বত্র সম্মানিত হন। (c) Sentence: Those who are always in the habit of (b) ________ (speak) the truth (c) ________ (respect) everywhere. Answer: are respected Explanation: The clause requires the passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense because the subject ("Those") receives the action of being respected by others. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice-এ হবে, কারণ Subject ("Those") নিজে কাজটি করছে না, বরং অন্যদের দ্বারা সম্মানিত হচ্ছে। Sentence Translation: যাদের সবসময় সত্য কথা বলার অভ্যাস আছে, তারা সর্বত্র সম্মানিত হন। (d) Sentence: But those who are involved in telling lies (d) ________ (shine) in life. Answer: don't shine / cannot shine Explanation: The context demands a negative meaning (liars do not succeed). "Those" is a plural subject, taking "do not" (Present Indefinite) or "cannot" (Modal of ability) + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অর্থের দিক থেকে বাক্যটি নেতিবাচক (মিথ্যাবাদীরা সফল হয় না)। "Those" প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট হওয়ায় "do not" অথবা "cannot" + মূল verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু যারা মিথ্যা বলায় জড়িত, তারা জীবনে উন্নতি করতে পারে না। (e) Sentence: That is why, we see that many great men in the history used to (e) ________ (preach) truth among their countrymen. Answer: preach Explanation: The phrase "used to" is a semi-modal verb that indicates a past habit and is always followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "used to" একটি semi-modal verb যা অতীতের অভ্যাস বোঝায় এবং এর পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: এই কারণে, আমরা দেখি যে ইতিহাসের অনেক মহান ব্যক্তি তাদের দেশবাসীর মধ্যে সত্য প্রচার করতেন। (f) Sentence: (f) ________ (be) truthful is essential for our society. Answer: Being / To be Explanation: When a verb functions as the subject of a sentence, it must be transformed into either a gerund ("Being") or an infinitive ("To be"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: যখন কোনো verb বাক্যের subject হিসেবে কাজ করে, তখন তাকে gerund ("Being") অথবা infinitive ("To be")-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়। Sentence Translation: সত্যবাদী হওয়া আমাদের সমাজের জন্য অপরিহার্য। (g) Sentence: It (g) ________ (hold) the highest value in (h) ________ (make) our society better. Answer: holds Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The pronoun "It" is third-person singular, requiring an "-s" on the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite Tense. Pronoun "It" থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার নাম্বার হওয়ায় মূল verb-এর শেষে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের সমাজকে আরও উন্নত করার ক্ষেত্রে এটি সর্বোচ্চ মূল্য ধারণ করে। (h) Sentence: It (g) ________ (hold) the highest value in (h) ________ (make) our society better. Answer: making Explanation: The preposition "in" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "in"-এর পর অবশ্যই gerund (Verb + -ing) বসবে। Sentence Translation: আমাদের সমাজকে আরও উন্নত করার ক্ষেত্রে এটি সর্বোচ্চ মূল্য ধারণ করে। (i) Sentence: This quality (i) ________ (consider) as one of the essential factors that empowers us from within. Answer: is considered Explanation: Passive voice in the Present Indefinite Tense. The subject ("This quality") does not act; it receives the action of consideration. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice. Subject ("This quality") নিজে কিছু বিবেচনা করছে না, বরং তাকে বিবেচনা করা হচ্ছে। Sentence Translation: এই গুণটিকে অন্যতম অপরিহার্য উপাদান হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয় যা আমাদের ভেতর থেকে ক্ষমতায়িত করে। (j) Sentence: A truthful man is a (j) ________ (trust) person. Answer: trusted Explanation: The blank requires an adjective to modify the noun "person." The past participle form of the verb acts as an adjective here. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: শূন্যস্থানে একটি Adjective প্রয়োজন যা "person" noun-টিকে modify করবে। Verb-এর past participle রূপ এখানে Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করছে। Sentence Translation: একজন সত্যবাদী মানুষ হলেন একজন বিশ্বস্ত ব্যক্তি। (k) Sentence: And this trust (k) ________ (build) confidence in us. Answer: builds Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "Trust" is an uncountable, third-person singular subject, requiring an "-s" at the end of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense. "Trust" একটি আনকাউন্টেবল এবং থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট, তাই verb-এর শেষে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এবং এই বিশ্বাস আমাদের মধ্যে আত্মবিশ্বাস তৈরি করে। (l) Sentence: Confidence makes us (l) ________ (feel) better. Answer: feel Explanation: "Make" is a causative verb. In the active voice, it takes a bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without "to"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Make" একটি causative verb. Active voice-এ এর পর bare infinitive (অর্থাৎ "to" ছাড়া verb-এর base form) বসে। Sentence Translation: আত্মবিশ্বাস আমাদের ভালো অনুভব করায়। (m) Sentence: When we start (m) ________ (get) comfortable with speaking the truth, we will begin to prosper. Answer: getting / to get Explanation: The verb "start" can be followed by either a gerund (Verb + -ing) or an infinitive (to + Verb) without changing the meaning. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "start" verb-এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) অথবা infinitive (to + Verb) উভয়েই বসতে পারে এবং অর্থের কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না। Sentence Translation: যখন আমরা সত্য কথা বলার সাথে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যবোধ করতে শুরু করব, তখন আমরা উন্নতি করতে শুরু করব। (n) Sentence: So, we should try hard (n) ________ (stay) away from the lies. Answer: to stay Explanation: This requires an infinitive of purpose. "Try" is followed by an infinitive (to + V1) to indicate attempting an action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। কোনো কাজের চেষ্টা করা বোঝাতে "Try"-এর পর infinitive (to + V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: তাই, আমাদের মিথ্যা থেকে দূরে থাকার জন্য কঠোর চেষ্টা করা উচিত। 2. Mymensingh Board (MB-2025) (a) Sentence: One day in 1976, Professor Muhammad Yunus (a) ________ (visit) a poor village near Chittagong University. Answer: visited Explanation: The phrase "One day in 1976" marks a specific time in the past, dictating the Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "One day in 1976" ফ্রেজটি অতীতের একটি নির্দিষ্ট সময় নির্দেশ করছে, তাই এটি Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: ১৯৭৬ সালের একদিন, অধ্যাপক মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস চট্টগ্রাম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের কাছের একটি দরিদ্র গ্রামে ঘুরতে গিয়েছিলেন। (b) Sentence: He (b) ________ (meet) a poor woman who made bamboo stools for a living. Answer: met Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. This continues the narrative sequence of past events. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Past Indefinite Tense. এটি অতীতের ঘটনাগুলোর ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখছে। Sentence Translation: তার এক দরিদ্র মহিলার সাথে দেখা হয়েছিল, যিনি জীবিকা নির্বাহের জন্য বাঁশের মোড়া তৈরি করতেন। (c) Sentence: Although she (c) ________ (work) hard, she (d) ________ (remain) poor because she (e) ________ (force) to pay a high price for the bamboo. Answer: worked Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense to align with the surrounding past-tense verbs in the story. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: গল্পের অন্যান্য অতীত কালের verb-গুলোর সাথে সামঞ্জস্য রাখতে এটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: যদিও তিনি কঠোর পরিশ্রম করতেন, তবুও তিনি দরিদ্রই থেকে গিয়েছিলেন কারণ তাকে বাঁশের জন্য চড়া দাম দিতে বাধ্য করা হতো। (d) Sentence: Although she (c) ________ (work) hard, she (d) ________ (remain) poor because she (e) ________ (force) to pay a high price for the bamboo. Answer: remained Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense indicating a past state of being. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের কোনো অবস্থা বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: যদিও তিনি কঠোর পরিশ্রম করতেন, তবুও তিনি দরিদ্রই থেকে গিয়েছিলেন কারণ তাকে বাঁশের জন্য চড়া দাম দিতে বাধ্য করা হতো। (e) Sentence: Although she (c) ________ (work) hard, she (d) ________ (remain) poor because she (e) ________ (force) to pay a high price for the bamboo. Answer: was forced Explanation: Passive voice in the Past Indefinite Tense. She did not force herself; the situation or moneylenders forced her. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice. তিনি নিজে বাধ্য হননি; পরিস্থিতি বা মহাজনরা তাকে বাধ্য করেছিল। Sentence Translation: যদিও তিনি কঠোর পরিশ্রম করতেন, তবুও তিনি দরিদ্রই থেকে গিয়েছিলেন কারণ তাকে বাঁশের জন্য চড়া দাম দিতে বাধ্য করা হতো। (f) Sentence: She did not have enough money (f) ________ (buy) the bamboo and used to (g) ________ (take) loans from the moneylenders on an exorbitant interest. Answer: to buy Explanation: An infinitive (to + V1) is used here to modify the noun "money" and express purpose. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য প্রকাশ করতে এবং "money" noun-টিকে modify করতে এখানে infinitive (to + V1) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বাঁশ কেনার মতো তার কাছে পর্যাপ্ত টাকা ছিল না এবং তিনি মহাজনদের কাছ থেকে অতিরিক্ত সুদে ঋণ নিতেন। (g) Sentence: She did not have enough money (f) ________ (buy) the bamboo and used to (g) ________ (take) loans from the moneylenders on an exorbitant interest. Answer: take Explanation: The phrase "used to" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "used to" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বাঁশ কেনার মতো তার কাছে পর্যাপ্ত টাকা ছিল না এবং তিনি মহাজনদের কাছ থেকে অতিরিক্ত সুদে ঋণ নিতেন। (h) Sentence: Professor Yunus (h) ________ (know) that he could not simply (i) ________ (give) her the money she needed because it (j) ________ (rob) the woman of her dignity. Answer: knew Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense to indicate a realization or state of mind in the past narrative. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীত ঘটনা বর্ণনায় মনের অবস্থা বা উপলব্ধি বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: অধ্যাপক ইউনূস জানতেন যে তিনি চাইলেই তাকে তার প্রয়োজনীয় টাকাটা দিয়ে দিতে পারেন না, কারণ এটি ওই মহিলার আত্মমর্যাদাকে ক্ষুণ্ন করবে (বা কেড়ে নেবে)। (i) Sentence: Professor Yunus (h) ________ (know) that he could not simply (i) ________ (give) her the money she needed because it (j) ________ (rob) the woman of her dignity. Answer: give Explanation: The modal verb "could" is always followed by the base form of the verb without "to". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "could"-এর পর সবসময় "to" ছাড়া verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: অধ্যাপক ইউনূস জানতেন যে তিনি চাইলেই তাকে তার প্রয়োজনীয় টাকাটা দিয়ে দিতে পারেন না, কারণ এটি ওই মহিলার আত্মমর্যাদাকে ক্ষুণ্ন করবে (বা কেড়ে নেবে)। (j) Sentence: Professor Yunus (h) ________ (know) that he could not simply (i) ________ (give) her the money she needed because it (j) ________ (rob) the woman of her dignity. Answer: could rob / would rob Explanation: The sentence expresses a hypothetical future outcome viewed from the past (Future in the Past). This requires "would" or "could" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি অতীত থেকে দেখা একটি কাল্পনিক ভবিষ্যতের ফলাফল প্রকাশ করছে (Future in the Past)। এর জন্য "would" বা "could" + মূল verb প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: অধ্যাপক ইউনূস জানতেন যে তিনি চাইলেই তাকে তার প্রয়োজনীয় টাকাটা দিয়ে দিতে পারেন না, কারণ এটি ওই মহিলার আত্মমর্যাদাকে ক্ষুণ্ন করবে (বা কেড়ে নেবে)। (k) Sentence: Instead, he (k) ________ (ask) the people in the village how much money they (l) ________ (need) to start their own business and free themselves from poverty. Answer: asked Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense indicating an action he took in the past. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতে করা একটি কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: এর পরিবর্তে, তিনি গ্রামের লোকেদের জিজ্ঞাসা করেছিলেন যে নিজেদের ব্যবসা শুরু করতে এবং দারিদ্র্য থেকে নিজেদের মুক্ত করতে তাদের কত টাকা প্রয়োজন। (l) Sentence: Instead, he (k) ________ (ask) the people in the village how much money they (l) ________ (need) to start their own business and free themselves from poverty. Answer: needed Explanation: This is an indirect statement/reported speech anchored in the past tense ("asked"), requiring the subordinate clause verb to shift to Past Indefinite. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি past tense ("asked") ভিত্তিক একটি indirect speech, যার কারণে অধীনস্থ বাক্যাংশের verb-টিও Past Indefinite হয়ে গেছে। Sentence Translation: এর পরিবর্তে, তিনি গ্রামের লোকেদের জিজ্ঞাসা করেছিলেন যে নিজেদের ব্যবসা শুরু করতে এবং দারিদ্র্য থেকে নিজেদের মুক্ত করতে তাদের কত টাকা প্রয়োজন। (m) Sentence: He (m) ________ (lend) the equivalent of about US $27.00 from his pocket to 42 women of the village. Answer: lent Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense indicating a completed past action (the past form of "lend" is "lent"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতে সম্পূর্ণ হওয়া একটি কাজ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে ("lend"-এর পাস্ট ফর্ম "lent")। Sentence Translation: তিনি নিজের পকেট থেকে গ্রামের ৪২ জন মহিলাকে প্রায় ২৭ মার্কিন ডলারের সমপরিমাণ অর্থ ধার দিয়েছিলেন। (n) Sentence: Those women (n) ________ (set) up their small business and started to earn money to support their families. Answer: set Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense. The past tense of the verb "set" remains "set". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense. "set" verb-এর পাস্ট ফর্ম "set" ই থাকে। Sentence Translation: সেই মহিলারা তাদের নিজস্ব ছোট ব্যবসা দাঁড় করিয়েছিল এবং পরিবারের ভরণপোষণের জন্য অর্থ উপার্জন করতে শুরু করেছিল। 3. Cumilla Board (CB-2025) (a) Sentence: A teacher (a) ________ (compare) with an architect. Answer: is compared Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. The teacher does not perform the action of comparing; society compares the teacher. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice. শিক্ষক নিজে তুলনা করেন না; সমাজ শিক্ষককে তুলনা করে। Sentence Translation: একজন শিক্ষককে একজন স্থপতির সাথে তুলনা করা হয়। (b) Sentence: Teachers (b) ________ (call) the architects of a nation. Answer: are called Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "Teachers" takes "are" + past participle (V3). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice. প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Teachers"-এর সাথে "are" + verb-এর past participle (V3) বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষকদের একটি জাতির স্থপতি বলা হয়। (c) Sentence: They (c) ________ (play) an important role in order to build a nation. Answer: play Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for stating a general truth. Plural subject "They" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense. প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: একটি জাতি গঠনে তারা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেন। (d) Sentence: They are used to (d) ________ (make) the illiterate people worthy citizens. Answer: making Explanation: The phrase "to be used to" (am/is/are/was/were + used to) means "accustomed to" and is followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "to be used to" (am/is/are/was/were + used to) ফ্রেজটির অর্থ "অভ্যস্ত হওয়া" এবং এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা নিরক্ষর মানুষকে যোগ্য নাগরিক হিসেবে গড়ে তুলতে অভ্যস্ত। (e) Sentence: But the teachers (e) ________ (hold) in high respect in our country. Answer: are not held Explanation: Context demands a negative meaning due to the contrastive conjunction "But". Passive voice is required as the subject ("teachers") receives the action of being respected (held). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বিপরীতার্থক conjunction "But" থাকায় বাক্যের অর্থ নেতিবাচক হবে। সাবজেক্ট ("teachers") সম্মান পাওয়ার কাজটি গ্রহণ করছে, তাই Passive voice প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু আমাদের দেশে শিক্ষকদের উচ্চ সম্মানের চোখে দেখা হয় না। (f) Sentence: They are habituated to (f) ________ (lead) a humble life in the midst of want. Answer: leading Explanation: The phrase "habituated to" acts similarly to "used to" or "accustomed to" and takes a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "habituated to" ফ্রেজটি "used to" বা "accustomed to"-এর মতোই কাজ করে এবং এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তারা অভাবের মাঝেও একটি সাধারণ জীবনযাপনে অভ্যস্ত। (g) Sentence: Still they (g) ________ (keep) the light of education (h) ________ (burn) with a view to (i) ________ (remove) the darkness of illiteracy. Answer: keep / are keeping / have been keeping Explanation: Present Indefinite indicates a general ongoing truth. Present Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous can also be used to emphasize that the action is actively ongoing right now. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চলমান সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite বসে। কাজটি এখনও সক্রিয়ভাবে চলছে তা জোর দিয়ে বোঝাতে Present Continuous বা Present Perfect Continuous-ও ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তবুও তারা নিরক্ষরতার অন্ধকার দূর করার উদ্দেশ্যে শিক্ষার আলো জ্বালিয়ে রাখেন। (h) Sentence: Still they (g) ________ (keep) the light of education (h) ________ (burn) with a view to (i) ________ (remove) the darkness of illiteracy. Answer: burning Explanation: The structure keep + object + verb uses the present participle (Verb + -ing) to show a continuous state. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কাজের চলমান অবস্থা বোঝাতে keep + object + verb-এর গঠনে present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: তবুও তারা নিরক্ষরতার অন্ধকার দূর করার উদ্দেশ্যে শিক্ষার আলো জ্বালিয়ে রাখেন। (i) Sentence: Still they (g) ________ (keep) the light of education (h) ________ (burn) with a view to (i) ________ (remove) the darkness of illiteracy. Answer: removing Explanation: The phrase "with a view to" is an exception to the standard infinitive rule and is strictly followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "with a view to" ফ্রেজটি সাধারণ infinitive নিয়মের একটি ব্যতিক্রম এবং এর পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: তবুও তারা নিরক্ষরতার অন্ধকার দূর করার উদ্দেশ্যে শিক্ষার আলো জ্বালিয়ে রাখেন। (j) Sentence: It is high time we (j) ________ (change) our outlook towards the teachers. Answer: changed Explanation: The phrase "It is high time" + subject must be followed by a verb in the Past Indefinite Tense (V2) to express that an action is overdue. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: কোনো কাজ করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময় (বা সময় পেরিয়ে যাচ্ছে) বোঝাতে "It is high time" + subject-এর পর সবসময় Past Indefinite Tense (V2) বসে। Sentence Translation: শিক্ষকদের প্রতি আমাদের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি পরিবর্তন করার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। (k) Sentence: In many developed countries, teachers (k) ________ (give) high respect. Answer: are given Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite. The teachers receive the respect, taking plural auxiliary "are" + V3. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite-এর Passive voice. শিক্ষকরা সম্মান পান, তাই প্লুরাল অক্সিলিয়ারি "are" + V3 বসেছে। Sentence Translation: অনেক উন্নত দেশে, শিক্ষকদের উচ্চ সম্মান দেওয়া হয়। (l) Sentence: "A most important truth, which we are apt (l) ________ (forget), is that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still (m) ________ (learn) himself. Answer: to forget Explanation: The adjective "apt" (meaning inclined or prone) is followed by an infinitive (to + base verb). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "apt" (যার অর্থ প্রবণতা থাকা) Adjective-টির পর infinitive (to + base verb) বসে। Sentence Translation: "সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সত্য, যা আমরা ভুলে যাওয়ার প্রবণতা রাখি, তা হলো একজন শিক্ষক নিজে শিখতে না থাকলে তিনি কখনই সত্যিকার অর্থে শেখাতে পারেন না। (m) Sentence: "A most important truth, which we are apt (l) ________ (forget), is that a teacher can never truly teach unless he is still (m) ________ (learn) himself. Answer: learning Explanation: The presence of the "be" verb ("is") and the adverb "still" indicates Present Continuous Tense, requiring Verb + -ing. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যে "be" verb ("is") এবং adverb "still" থাকায় এটি Present Continuous Tense হবে, তাই Verb + -ing বসবে। Sentence Translation: "সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সত্য, যা আমরা ভুলে যাওয়ার প্রবণতা রাখি, তা হলো একজন শিক্ষক নিজে শিখতে না থাকলে তিনি কখনই সত্যিকার অর্থে শেখাতে পারেন না। (n) Sentence: A lamp can never light another lamp unless it (n) ________ (continue) to burn its own flame," Tagore said. Answer: continues Explanation: First conditional structure with "unless". The subordinate clause requires Present Indefinite Tense. "It" is third-person singular, adding "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি "unless" যুক্ত First conditional-এর গঠন। Subordinate clause-টি Present Indefinite Tense হবে। "It" থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একটি প্রদীপ কখনই অন্য প্রদীপ জ্বালাতে পারে না যদি না এটি তার নিজের শিখায় জ্বলতে থাকে," ঠাকুর বলেছিলেন। 4. Rajshahi Board (RB-2025) (a) Sentence: Change (a) ________ (be) the order of nature because we know the proverb that old order changes (b) ________ (yield) place to the new. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense expressing a universal truth. "Change" is an uncountable singular subject. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য প্রকাশ করতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "Change" একটি আনকাউন্টেবল সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট। Sentence Translation: পরিবর্তন হলো প্রকৃতির নিয়ম কারণ আমরা প্রবাদটি জানি যে পুরোনো নিয়ম পরিবর্তিত হয়ে নতুনকে জায়গা করে দেয়। (b) Sentence: Change (a) ________ (be) the order of nature because we know the proverb that old order changes (b) ________ (yield) place to the new. Answer: yielding Explanation: A present participle (Verb + -ing) is used here to combine clauses, indicating simultaneous action or consequence of the main verb ("changes"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: ক্লজগুলোকে যুক্ত করতে এবং মূল verb ("changes")-এর সমসাময়িক কাজ বা ফলাফল বোঝাতে এখানে present participle (Verb + -ing) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: পরিবর্তন হলো প্রকৃতির নিয়ম কারণ আমরা প্রবাদটি জানি যে পুরোনো নিয়ম পরিবর্তিত হয়ে নতুনকে জায়গা করে দেয়। (c) Sentence: So, nothing (c) ________ (remain) new forever. Answer: remains / can remain Explanation: "Nothing" is a singular indefinite pronoun requiring a singular verb (remains) in Present Indefinite, or it takes the modal "can" to express capability. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Nothing" একটি সিঙ্গুলার indefinite pronoun যার সাথে Present Indefinite-এ সিঙ্গুলার verb (remains) বসে, অথবা সামর্থ্য বোঝাতে modal "can" ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তাই, কোনো কিছুই চিরকাল নতুন থাকে না। (d) Sentence: The same we (d) ________ (notice) in entertainment also. Answer: notice / can notice Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general observation. Subject "we" takes the base form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ পর্যবেক্ষণ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। সাবজেক্ট "we" হওয়ায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: আমরা বিনোদনের ক্ষেত্রেও একই জিনিস লক্ষ্য করি। (e) Sentence: Old and traditional forms (e) ________ (change) and (f) ________ (modify) by new and modern forms of entertainment. Answer: are being changed / have been changed / are changed Explanation: Passive voice. "Are being changed" indicates the process is happening right now (Present Continuous Passive). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Passive voice. "Are being changed" নির্দেশ করে যে প্রক্রিয়াটি বর্তমানে ঘটছে (Present Continuous Passive)। Sentence Translation: বিনোদনের পুরোনো ও ঐতিহ্যবাহী রূপগুলো নতুন এবং আধুনিক রূপের দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত এবং পরিমার্জিত হচ্ছে। (f) Sentence: Old and traditional forms (e) ________ (change) and (f) ________ (modify) by new and modern forms of entertainment. Answer: modified Explanation: Parallelism. It shares the auxiliary verb from the previous gap (e.g., "are being [changed] and [modified]"). It takes the V3 form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। এটি আগের শূন্যস্থানের সাহায্যকারী verb-টি শেয়ার করছে (যেমন- "are being [changed] and [modified]")। এখানে V3 ফর্ম বসবে। Sentence Translation: বিনোদনের পুরোনো ও ঐতিহ্যবাহী রূপগুলো নতুন এবং আধুনিক রূপের দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত এবং পরিমার্জিত হচ্ছে। (g) Sentence: Many of them (g) ________ (exist) any longer. Answer: do not exist Explanation: The phrase "any longer" signifies a negative present state, requiring the Present Indefinite negative auxiliary "do not" for the plural subject "Many of them". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "any longer" ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানের নেতিবাচক অবস্থা বোঝায়, তাই প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Many of them"-এর জন্য Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক অক্সিলিয়ারি "do not" বসবে। Sentence Translation: এগুলোর মধ্যে অনেকগুলোই আর টিকে নেই। (h) Sentence: Today TV channels and satellite (h) ________ (supersede) radio; similarly band and pop music (i) ________ (replace) our popular old songs. Answer: are superseding / have superseded Explanation: Present Continuous ("are superseding") shows an ongoing trend, while Present Perfect ("have superseded") shows a completed shift with present relevance. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous ("are superseding") চলমান ধারা দেখায়, আর Present Perfect ("have superseded") এমন পরিবর্তন বোঝায় যা সম্পন্ন হয়েছে কিন্তু বর্তমানের সাথে প্রাসঙ্গিক। Sentence Translation: বর্তমানে টিভি চ্যানেল এবং স্যাটেলাইট রেডিওর জায়গা দখল করে নিচ্ছে; একইভাবে ব্যান্ড এবং পপ মিউজিক আমাদের জনপ্রিয় পুরোনো গানগুলোর জায়গা নিয়ে নিচ্ছে। (i) Sentence: Today TV channels and satellite (h) ________ (supersede) radio; similarly band and pop music (i) ________ (replace) our popular old songs. Answer: is replacing / has replaced Explanation: Same logic as (h). Continuous tense shows current ongoing change; perfect tense shows a completed shift. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: (h)-এর মতোই একই যুক্তি। Continuous tense চলমান পরিবর্তন দেখায়; আর Perfect tense সম্পন্ন পরিবর্তন দেখায়। Sentence Translation: বর্তমানে টিভি চ্যানেল এবং স্যাটেলাইট রেডিওর জায়গা দখল করে নিচ্ছে; একইভাবে ব্যান্ড এবং পপ মিউজিক আমাদের জনপ্রিয় পুরোনো গানগুলোর জায়গা নিয়ে নিচ্ছে। (j) Sentence: Football (j) ________ (lose) its appeal day by day. Answer: is losing Explanation: The phrase "day by day" indicates a gradual, ongoing change occurring in the present, strictly requiring the Present Continuous Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "day by day" ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানে ঘটা ধীরে ধীরে ও চলমান পরিবর্তন নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি অবশ্যই Present Continuous Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: ফুটবল দিন দিন তার আবেদন হারাচ্ছে। (k) Sentence: Cricket and other games (k) ________ (become) more and more popular. Answer: are becoming Explanation: "More and more" indicates an ongoing transitional state, requiring the Present Continuous Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "More and more" একটি চলমান পরিবর্তনশীল অবস্থা নির্দেশ করে, তাই Present Continuous Tense প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: ক্রিকেট এবং অন্যান্য খেলাধুলা ক্রমশ বেশি জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠছে। (l) Sentence: Our idea about the popularity of entertainment also (l) ________ (change). Answer: is changing / has changed / changes Explanation: Describes a current trend or completed shift in mindset. Present Continuous or Present Perfect fits contextually. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি বর্তমান ধারা বা দৃষ্টিভঙ্গির সম্পূর্ণ পরিবর্তন বর্ণনা করছে। অর্থের দিক থেকে Present Continuous বা Present Perfect মানানসই। Sentence Translation: বিনোদনের জনপ্রিয়তা সম্পর্কে আমাদের ধারণাও পরিবর্তিত হচ্ছে। (m) Sentence: We've started (m) ________ (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way and (n) ________ (get) habituated to it. Answer: looking / to look Explanation: The verb "start" can be seamlessly followed by either a gerund (Verb + -ing) or an infinitive (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "start" verb-এর পর অনায়াসেই gerund (Verb + -ing) অথবা infinitive (to + V1) বসতে পারে। Sentence Translation: আমরা আমাদের জীবনের সব ধরনের রূপকে নতুনভাবে দেখতে শুরু করেছি এবং এর সাথে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে উঠছি। (n) Sentence: We've started (m) ________ (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way and (n) ________ (get) habituated to it. Answer: are getting / to get / getting / got Explanation: This must maintain parallelism with the preceding verbs. If referring back to "We've started looking... and [started] getting", "getting" fits. If reading as a new main clause "and [we] are getting", Present Continuous fits. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটিকে পূর্ববর্তী verb-গুলোর সাথে সমান্তরাল গঠন বজায় রাখতে হবে। যদি এটি "started"-এর সাথে যুক্ত হয় তবে "getting" বসবে। আর যদি নতুন ক্লজ হিসেবে ধরা হয়, তবে "are getting" বসবে। Sentence Translation: আমরা আমাদের জীবনের সব ধরনের রূপকে নতুনভাবে দেখতে শুরু করেছি এবং এর সাথে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে উঠছি। 5. Dinajpur Board (DjB-2025) (a) Sentence: He (a) ________ (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. Answer: came Explanation: Describes a completed event in the past ("at the age of four"), requiring Past Indefinite Tense (V2). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি অতীতের একটি সম্পূর্ণ ঘটনা বর্ণনা করছে ("চার বছর বয়সে"), তাই Past Indefinite Tense (V2) হবে। Sentence Translation: সে চার বছর বয়সে এতিমখানায় এসেছিল। (b) Sentence: He (b) ________ (lose) his parents in his infancy. Answer: lost Explanation: Another completed past event, dictating Past Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের আরেকটি সম্পূর্ণ ঘটনা, তাই Past Indefinite Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: সে তার শৈশবেই বাবা-মাকে হারিয়েছিল। (c) Sentence: Then, he (c) ________ (commit) to the care of the orphanage. Answer: was committed Explanation: Passive voice in the Past Indefinite Tense. He did not commit himself; external authorities placed him there. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive voice. সে নিজেকে সমর্পণ করেনি; বাইরের কর্তৃপক্ষ তাকে সেখানে রেখেছিল। Sentence Translation: এরপর তাকে এতিমখানার তত্ত্বাবধানে সমর্পণ করা হয়েছিল। (d) Sentence: He could hardly (d) ________ (recollect) his parents' memory. Answer: recollect Explanation: The modal verb "could" is strictly followed by the base form of the verb without "to". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal verb "could"-এর পর অবশ্যই "to" ছাড়া verb-এর base form বসে। Sentence Translation: সে তার বাবা-মায়ের স্মৃতি খুব কমই মনে করতে পারত। (e) Sentence: In spite of (e) ________ (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. Answer: being Explanation: Prepositions (like "of") are always followed by the gerund form of a verb (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition (যেমন "of")-এর পর সবসময় verb-এর gerund রূপ (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: এতিম হওয়া সত্ত্বেও সে নৈতিকতার এক সুদৃঢ় কাঠামো গড়ে তুলেছিল। (f) Sentence: His inimitable morality (f) ________ (draw) him close to the writer. Answer: drew Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense continuing the past narrative. The past form of "draw" is "drew". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের বর্ণনা চালিয়ে যেতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "draw"-এর পাস্ট ফর্ম হলো "drew"। Sentence Translation: তার অকৃত্রিম নৈতিকতা লেখিকাকে তার কাছাকাছি টেনে এনেছিল। (g) Sentence: The writer (g) ________ (impress) with him. Answer: was impressed Explanation: Passive structure in Past Indefinite Tense. The writer received the impression caused by the boy's morality. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Past Indefinite Tense-এর Passive গঠন। ছেলেটির নৈতিকতার কারণে লেখিকা প্রভাবিত বা মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। Sentence Translation: লেখিকা তার প্রতি মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। (h) Sentence: She started (h) ________ (show) affection for him. Answer: to show / showing Explanation: The verb "start" can take either a gerund (Verb + -ing) or an infinitive (to + base verb) as its object. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "start" verb-টি অবজেক্ট হিসেবে gerund (Verb + -ing) অথবা infinitive (to + base verb) উভয়ই নিতে পারে। Sentence Translation: তিনি তার প্রতি স্নেহ দেখাতে শুরু করেছিলেন। (i) Sentence: Jerry (i) ________ (take) her as his mother. Answer: took Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense for a past action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের কোনো কাজের জন্য Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: জেরি তাকে নিজের মায়ের মতো ভেবে নিয়েছিল। (j) Sentence: He fabricated a lie (j) ________ (win) her heart. Answer: to win Explanation: Infinitive of purpose. Expresses the "why" behind the action of fabricating a lie (to + V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। মিথ্যা গল্প বানানোর পেছনের কারণ (কেন) বোঝাতে "to + V1" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তার মন জয় করার জন্য সে একটি মিথ্যা গল্প বানিয়েছিল। (k) Sentence: The orphan boy (k) ________ (come) closer to her. Answer: came Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense as it recounts a sequence of past events. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের ধারাবাহিক ঘটনার বর্ণনা হিসেবে এটি Past Indefinite Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: এতিম ছেলেটি তার আরও কাছাকাছি চলে এসেছিল। (l) Sentence: She also (l) ________ (love) him like her son. Answer: loved Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense to describe a state/emotion held in the past. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অতীতের কোনো অবস্থা বা আবেগ বোঝাতে Past Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তিনিও তাকে নিজের ছেলের মতো ভালোবেসেছিলেন। (m) Sentence: Once she (m) ________ (leave) the place but she (n) ________ (cherish) the memory of the boy till her old age. Answer: left Explanation: The word "Once" often signals a past narrative, requiring Past Indefinite Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Once" শব্দটি সাধারণত অতীতের গল্প নির্দেশ করে, তাই Past Indefinite Tense প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: একসময় তিনি জায়গাটি ছেড়ে চলে গিয়েছিলেন, কিন্তু তিনি তার বৃদ্ধ বয়স পর্যন্ত ছেলেটির স্মৃতি লালন করেছিলেন। (n) Sentence: Once she (m) ________ (leave) the place but she (n) ________ (cherish) the memory of the boy till her old age. Answer: had been cherishing Explanation: Past Perfect Continuous Tense. The phrase "till her old age" indicates an action that began in the past and continued continuously up to another point in the past. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Past Perfect Continuous Tense. "till her old age" ফ্রেজটি এমন একটি কাজ বোঝায় যা অতীতে শুরু হয়ে অতীতের অন্য একটি সময় পর্যন্ত একটানা চলছিল। Sentence Translation: একসময় তিনি জায়গাটি ছেড়ে চলে গিয়েছিলেন, কিন্তু তিনি তার বৃদ্ধ বয়স পর্যন্ত ছেলেটির স্মৃতি লালন করেছিলেন। 6. Jashore Board (JB-2025) (a) Sentence: Books (a) ________ (possess) an essence of immortality. Answer: possess Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a universal/general truth. Plural subject "Books" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ বা চিরন্তন সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Books"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: বইগুলি অমরত্বের নির্যাস ধারণ করে। (b) Sentence: They (b) ________ (be) the most precious products of human efforts. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "They" requires the plural "be" verb "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "They"-এর সাথে প্লুরাল "be" verb হিসেবে "are" বসে। Sentence Translation: এগুলো মানব প্রচেষ্টার সবচেয়ে মূল্যবান সৃষ্টি। (c) Sentence: Temples (c) ________ (crumble) into ashes. Answer: crumble Explanation: Present Indefinite stating a general factual observation. Plural subject takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ বাস্তব পর্যবেক্ষণ বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্টের সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: মন্দিরগুলো ভেঙে ছাই হয়ে যায়। (d) Sentence: Pictures and statues (d) ________ (decay) but books (e) ________ (survive). Answer: decay Explanation: Present Indefinite. Plural compound subject ("Pictures and statues") takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল যৌগিক সাবজেক্ট ("Pictures and statues")-এর সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: ছবি এবং মূর্তিগুলো ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত হয়, কিন্তু বই টিকে থাকে। (e) Sentence: Pictures and statues (d) ________ (decay) but books (e) ________ (survive). Answer: survive Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a lasting truth about books. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বই সম্পর্কে একটি স্থায়ী সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: ছবি এবং মূর্তিগুলো ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত হয়, কিন্তু বই টিকে থাকে। (f) Sentence: Time is of no account for great thoughts which (f) ________ (be) as fresh today as they (g) ________ (be) when came through the authors' minds ages ago. Answer: are Explanation: The relative pronoun "which" refers to the plural antecedent "thoughts". Therefore, it takes the plural present verb "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "which" তার পূর্ববর্তী প্লুরাল শব্দ "thoughts"-কে নির্দেশ করছে। তাই এটি প্লুরাল present verb "are" গ্রহণ করেছে। Sentence Translation: মহান চিন্তাভাবনাগুলোর কাছে সময়ের কোনো মূল্য নেই, যা আজও ততটাই সতেজ যেমনটা ছিল যুগ যুগ আগে লেখকদের মনে আসার সময়। (g) Sentence: Time is of no account for great thoughts which (f) ________ (be) as fresh today as they (g) ________ (be) when came through the authors' minds ages ago. Answer: were Explanation: The phrase "ages ago" firmly anchors this clause in the past, requiring the Past Indefinite plural "be" verb "were". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "ages ago" ফ্রেজটি এই ক্লজটিকে অতীতের সাথে যুক্ত করে, তাই Past Indefinite-এর প্লুরাল "be" verb হিসেবে "were" বসবে। Sentence Translation: মহান চিন্তাভাবনাগুলোর কাছে সময়ের কোনো মূল্য নেই, যা আজও ততটাই সতেজ যেমনটা ছিল যুগ যুগ আগে লেখকদের মনে আসার সময়। (h) Sentence: What (h) ________ (be) then thought or said still (i) ________ (speak) to us. Answer: was / were Explanation: The word "then" indicates past tense. The pronoun "What" acting as a subject can take either a singular or plural verb depending on interpretation, though singular ("was") is most common. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "then" শব্দটি অতীত কাল নির্দেশ করে। সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে "What" অর্থের ওপর ভিত্তি করে সিঙ্গুলার বা প্লুরাল verb নিতে পারে, তবে সাধারণত সিঙ্গুলার ("was") ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: তখন যা চিন্তা করা হয়েছিল বা বলা হয়েছিল তা আজও আমাদের সাথে কথা বলে। (i) Sentence: What (h) ________ (be) then thought or said still (i) ________ (speak) to us. Answer: speaks / speak Explanation: The word "still" brings the action back to the present. The verb aligns with the singular or plural choice made in gap (h). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "still" শব্দটি ঘটনাটিকে বর্তমানে ফিরিয়ে আনে। গ্যাপ (h)-এ সিঙ্গুলার বা প্লুরাল যা বেছে নেওয়া হয়েছে, তার ওপর ভিত্তি করে এখানকার verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: তখন যা চিন্তা করা হয়েছিল বা বলা হয়েছিল তা আজও আমাদের সাথে কথা বলে। (j) Sentence: Books (j) ________ (introduce) us to the best society. Answer: introduce Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "Books" takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Books"-এর সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: বই আমাদের সেরা সমাজের সাথে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেয়। (k) Sentence: They (k) ________ (bring) us into the presence of the noblest minds that have ever (l) ________ (live). Answer: bring Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a factual statement. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি বাস্তব বিবৃতি বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: তারা আমাদেরকে এমন মহৎ মনের মানুষদের সান্নিধ্যে নিয়ে আসে যারা পৃথিবীতে বেঁচে ছিলেন। (l) Sentence: They (k) ________ (bring) us into the presence of the noblest minds that have ever (l) ________ (live). Answer: lived Explanation: Present Perfect Tense structure (have + past participle). The presence of "have ever" triggers the V3 form of the verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Perfect Tense-এর গঠন (have + past participle)। "have ever" থাকার কারণে verb-এর V3 ফর্ম বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তারা আমাদেরকে এমন মহৎ মনের মানুষদের সান্নিধ্যে নিয়ে আসে যারা পৃথিবীতে বেঁচে ছিলেন। (m) Sentence: We hear what they (m) ________ (think) or said. Answer: thought Explanation: Parallelism. It coordinates with the past tense verb "said" (what they thought or said), dictating Past Indefinite. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সমান্তরাল গঠন (Parallelism)। এটি past tense verb "said"-এর সাথে সামঞ্জস্য রাখছে (what they thought or said), তাই Past Indefinite বসবে। Sentence Translation: আমরা শুনতে পাই তারা কী চিন্তা করেছিলেন বা বলেছিলেন। (n) Sentence: We see them as if they (n) ________ (be) really alive. Answer: were Explanation: The phrase "as if" introduces an unreal or hypothetical present situation, which mandates the use of the subjunctive mood ("were" for all subjects). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "as if" ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানের একটি অবাস্তব বা কাল্পনিক পরিস্থিতি উপস্থাপন করে, যার কারণে Subjunctive mood অনুযায়ী সব সাবজেক্টের সাথেই "were" বসে। Sentence Translation: আমরা তাদের এমনভাবে দেখতে পাই যেন তারা সত্যিই বেঁচে আছেন। 7. Chattogram Board (CtgB-2025) (a) Sentence: A mother is a supreme gift (a) ________ (bestow) upon us by Allah. Answer: bestowed Explanation: This is a reduced relative clause (meaning "which is bestowed"). The past participle (V3) acts as an adjective modifying "gift." বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি Reduced relative clause (যার অর্থ "which is bestowed")। Past participle (V3) এখানে "gift" শব্দটিকে modify করার জন্য Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করছে। Sentence Translation: মা হলেন আল্লাহ কর্তৃক আমাদের ওপর বর্ষিত এক শ্রেষ্ঠ উপহার। (b) Sentence: She (b) ________ (exercise) an undeniable influence in (c) ________ (mould) the character of a child and also in (d) ________ (shape) their future destiny. Answer: exercises Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for a general truth. The singular subject "She" requires an "-s" on the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "She" হওয়ায় মূল verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একজন শিশুর চরিত্র গঠন করতে এবং তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ ভাগ্য নির্ধারণ করতে তিনি অনস্বীকার্য প্রভাব বিস্তার করেন। (c) Sentence: She (b) ________ (exercise) an undeniable influence in (c) ________ (mould) the character of a child and also in (d) ________ (shape) their future destiny. Answer: moulding Explanation: Prepositions (like "in") are followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition (যেমন "in")-এর পর gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: একজন শিশুর চরিত্র গঠন করতে এবং তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ ভাগ্য নির্ধারণ করতে তিনি অনস্বীকার্য প্রভাব বিস্তার করেন। (d) Sentence: She (b) ________ (exercise) an undeniable influence in (c) ________ (mould) the character of a child and also in (d) ________ (shape) their future destiny. Answer: shaping Explanation: Preposition "in" requires a gerund. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "in"-এর কারণে একটি gerund প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: একজন শিশুর চরিত্র গঠন করতে এবং তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ ভাগ্য নির্ধারণ করতে তিনি অনস্বীকার্য প্রভাব বিস্তার করেন। (e) Sentence: A mother (e) ________ (regard) as the best teacher, guide and protector. Answer: is regarded Explanation: Passive voice in Present Indefinite. The mother receives the action of being regarded by society. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite-এর Passive voice। সমাজ মাকে বিবেচনা করে, মা নিজে কাজ করছেন না, তাই Passive হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: একজন মাকে সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ শিক্ষক, পথপ্রদর্শক এবং রক্ষাকারী হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। (f) Sentence: An educated mother (f) ________ (manage) the family in a far better way than a mother who has (g) ________ (have) no schooling. Answer: manages / can manage Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense (third-person singular) for a general truth, or modal "can" to express ability. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense (থার্ড-পারসন সিঙ্গুলার), অথবা সক্ষমতা বোঝাতে modal "can" ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। Sentence Translation: যে মায়ের কোনো প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা নেই তার চেয়ে একজন শিক্ষিত মা অনেক ভালোভাবে সংসার পরিচালনা করতে পারেন। (g) Sentence: An educated mother (f) ________ (manage) the family in a far better way than a mother who has (g) ________ (have) no schooling. Answer: had Explanation: Present Perfect Tense structure requires the auxiliary "has" + past participle of the main verb (have -> had). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Tense-এর গঠনে অক্সিলিয়ারি "has" + মূল verb-এর past participle (have -> had) প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: যে মায়ের কোনো প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা নেই তার চেয়ে একজন শিক্ষিত মা অনেক ভালোভাবে সংসার পরিচালনা করতে পারেন। (h) Sentence: She (h) ________ (be) more interested in (i) ________ (get) her children educated. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense, singular subject "She". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense, সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "She" অনুযায়ী "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তিনি তার সন্তানদের শিক্ষিত করার ব্যাপারে বেশি আগ্রহী হন। (i) Sentence: She (h) ________ (be) more interested in (i) ________ (get) her children educated. Answer: getting Explanation: The preposition "in" must be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition "in"-এর পর অবশ্যই gerund (Verb + -ing) বসবে। Sentence Translation: তিনি তার সন্তানদের শিক্ষিত করার ব্যাপারে বেশি আগ্রহী হন। (j) Sentence: She (j) ________ (sacrifice) her own happiness to (k) ________ (ensure) a better future for her children. Answer: sacrifices Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The singular subject "She" requires an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট "She" হওয়ায় verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সন্তানদের উন্নত ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করার জন্য তিনি নিজের সুখ বিসর্জন দেন। (k) Sentence: She (j) ________ (sacrifice) her own happiness to (k) ________ (ensure) a better future for her children. Answer: ensure Explanation: Infinitive of purpose. The particle "to" is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। "to"-এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: সন্তানদের উন্নত ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করার জন্য তিনি নিজের সুখ বিসর্জন দেন। (l) Sentence: So, often it (l) ________ (say) that the hands that (m) ________ (rock) the cradle (n) ________ (rule) the world. Answer: is said Explanation: Passive voice (Present Indefinite) used for general statements or proverbs ("It is said that..."). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ বিবৃতি বা প্রবাদ বাক্যের জন্য Passive voice (Present Indefinite) ব্যবহৃত হয় (যেমন- "It is said that..."). Sentence Translation: তাই প্রায়ই বলা হয় যে, যে হাত দোলনা দোলায়, সে হাতই বিশ্ব শাসন করে। (m) Sentence: So, often it (l) ________ (say) that the hands that (m) ________ (rock) the cradle (n) ________ (rule) the world. Answer: rock Explanation: The relative pronoun "that" refers to the plural antecedent "hands", so the verb must be plural (base form). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "that" তার পূর্ববর্তী প্লুরাল শব্দ "hands"-কে নির্দেশ করে, তাই verb-টিও প্লুরাল (base form) হবে। Sentence Translation: তাই প্রায়ই বলা হয় যে, যে হাত দোলনা দোলায়, সে হাতই বিশ্ব শাসন করে। (n) Sentence: So, often it (l) ________ (say) that the hands that (m) ________ (rock) the cradle (n) ________ (rule) the world. Answer: rule Explanation: The main subject for this verb is the plural noun "hands" ("the hands... rule"), dictating the plural base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এই verb-টির মূল সাবজেক্ট হলো প্লুরাল নাউন "hands" ("the hands... rule"), তাই প্লুরাল base verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: তাই প্রায়ই বলা হয় যে, যে হাত দোলনা দোলায়, সে হাতই বিশ্ব শাসন করে। 8. Sylhet Board (SB-2025) (a) Sentence: Festivals (a) ________ (be) common to all societies and cultures. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense stating a general truth. Plural subject "Festivals" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ সত্য বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "Festivals"-এর সাথে "are" বসে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবগুলি সমস্ত সমাজ এবং সংস্কৃতির কাছেই পরিচিত একটি সাধারণ বিষয়। (b) Sentence: With the change of social and economic structures, the nature of festivals also (b) ________ (change). Answer: changes Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The subject here is "the nature" (singular), so the verb takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। এখানে সাবজেক্ট হলো "the nature" (সিঙ্গুলার), তাই verb-এর সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক কাঠামোর পরিবর্তনের সাথে সাথে উৎসবের প্রকৃতিও পরিবর্তিত হয়। (c) Sentence: But some festivals (c) ________ (be) so deeply (d) ________ (root) in the social organism that they (e) ________ (continue) to entertain from generation to generation. Answer: are Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject "festivals" takes "are". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "festivals"-এর সাথে "are" বসে। Sentence Translation: তবে কিছু উৎসব সামাজিক কাঠামোর মধ্যে এত গভীরভাবে প্রোথিত যে এগুলো প্রজন্ম থেকে প্রজন্মে আনন্দ দিয়ে চলেছে। (d) Sentence: But some festivals (c) ________ (be) so deeply (d) ________ (root) in the social organism that they (e) ________ (continue) to entertain from generation to generation. Answer: rooted Explanation: The passive/adjectival structure ("are deeply rooted") uses the past participle form. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Passive বা Adjectival গঠনে ("are deeply rooted") verb-এর past participle রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: তবে কিছু উৎসব সামাজিক কাঠামোর মধ্যে এত গভীরভাবে প্রোথিত যে এগুলো প্রজন্ম থেকে প্রজন্মে আনন্দ দিয়ে চলেছে। (e) Sentence: But some festivals (c) ________ (be) so deeply (d) ________ (root) in the social organism that they (e) ________ (continue) to entertain from generation to generation. Answer: continue Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense for an ongoing universal reality. Plural subject "they". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: একটি চলমান চিরন্তন বাস্তবতা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "they" থাকায় মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: তবে কিছু উৎসব সামাজিক কাঠামোর মধ্যে এত গভীরভাবে প্রোথিত যে এগুলো প্রজন্ম থেকে প্রজন্মে আনন্দ দিয়ে চলেছে। (f) Sentence: Some of the festivals (f) ________ (bear) the mark of the community and nationality, some (g) ________ (have) the stamp of religion and again some (h) ________ (bear) the impression of politics. Answer: bear Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "Some" refers to festivals (plural), taking the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "Some" শব্দটি উৎসবগুলোকে (প্লুরাল) নির্দেশ করছে, তাই মূল verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবগুলোর কোনোটি সম্প্রদায় এবং জাতীয়তার প্রতীক বহন করে, কোনোটিতে থাকে ধর্মের ছাপ, আবার কোনোটি রাজনীতির ছাপ বহন করে। (g) Sentence: Some of the festivals (f) ________ (bear) the mark of the community and nationality, some (g) ________ (have) the stamp of religion and again some (h) ________ (bear) the impression of politics. Answer: have Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense, plural subject. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense এবং প্লুরাল সাবজেক্টের কারণে "have" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবগুলোর কোনোটি সম্প্রদায় এবং জাতীয়তার প্রতীক বহন করে, কোনোটিতে থাকে ধর্মের ছাপ, আবার কোনোটি রাজনীতির ছাপ বহন করে। (h) Sentence: Some of the festivals (f) ________ (bear) the mark of the community and nationality, some (g) ________ (have) the stamp of religion and again some (h) ________ (bear) the impression of politics. Answer: bear Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense, plural subject. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense এবং প্লুরাল সাবজেক্টের কারণে মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবগুলোর কোনোটি সম্প্রদায় এবং জাতীয়তার প্রতীক বহন করে, কোনোটিতে থাকে ধর্মের ছাপ, আবার কোনোটি রাজনীতির ছাপ বহন করে। (i) Sentence: The festivals, which (i) ________ (get started) in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food (j) ________ (have) now been (k) ________ (fill) with various colours and varieties. Answer: got started Explanation: The relative clause refers to origins in "the primitive society", placing the action firmly in the Past Indefinite Tense ("get" becomes "got"). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative clause-টি "আদিম সমাজে" উৎসবের উৎপত্তির কথা বলছে, তাই কাজটি পুরোপুরি Past Indefinite Tense-এ হবে ("get" হয়ে যাবে "got")। Sentence Translation: আদিম সমাজে খাদ্যের জন্য প্রার্থনাকে কেন্দ্র করে যে উৎসবগুলো শুরু হয়েছিল, সেগুলো এখন বিভিন্ন রং ও বৈচিত্র্যে ভরে উঠেছে। (j) Sentence: The festivals, which (i) ________ (get started) in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food (j) ________ (have) now been (k) ________ (fill) with various colours and varieties. Answer: have Explanation: The word "now" and the continuation "...been filled" dictate the Present Perfect Tense. The plural subject "The festivals" takes "have". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "now" শব্দটি এবং এর পরের অংশ "...been filled" নির্দেশ করে যে এটি Present Perfect Tense। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "The festivals" হওয়ায় "have" বসবে। Sentence Translation: আদিম সমাজে খাদ্যের জন্য প্রার্থনাকে কেন্দ্র করে যে উৎসবগুলো শুরু হয়েছিল, সেগুলো এখন বিভিন্ন রং ও বৈচিত্র্যে ভরে উঠেছে। (k) Sentence: The festivals, which (i) ________ (get started) in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food (j) ________ (have) now been (k) ________ (fill) with various colours and varieties. Answer: filled Explanation: Completes the Present Perfect Passive structure (have + been + past participle). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Perfect Passive-এর গঠন (have + been + past participle) সম্পূর্ণ করেছে। Sentence Translation: আদিম সমাজে খাদ্যের জন্য প্রার্থনাকে কেন্দ্র করে যে উৎসবগুলো শুরু হয়েছিল, সেগুলো এখন বিভিন্ন রং ও বৈচিত্র্যে ভরে উঠেছে। (l) Sentence: The main foundation of festivals (l) ________ (be) ritual and most of the ancient rituals (m) ________ (be) collective activities. Answer: is Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. The subject "The main foundation" is singular. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। সাবজেক্ট "The main foundation" সিঙ্গুলার হওয়ায় "is" বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবের মূল ভিত্তি হলো আচার-অনুষ্ঠান এবং প্রাচীন আচার-অনুষ্ঠানগুলোর বেশিরভাগই ছিল সম্মিলিত কার্যকলাপ। (m) Sentence: The main foundation of festivals (l) ________ (be) ritual and most of the ancient rituals (m) ________ (be) collective activities. Answer: were Explanation: The word "ancient" restricts this to the past, requiring the Past Indefinite plural verb "were". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "ancient" শব্দটি এটিকে অতীতের মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ করে দেয়, তাই Past Indefinite-এর প্লুরাল verb হিসেবে "were" বসবে। Sentence Translation: উৎসবের মূল ভিত্তি হলো আচার-অনুষ্ঠান এবং প্রাচীন আচার-অনুষ্ঠানগুলোর বেশিরভাগই ছিল সম্মিলিত কার্যকলাপ। (n) Sentence: Many of the rituals were (n) ________ (relate) to agriculture and were determined by lunar months. Answer: related Explanation: Passive voice or adjectival phrase in the past. Requires the past participle form (V3) after the "be" verb "were". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি অতীতের Passive voice বা Adjectival phrase। "be" verb "were"-এর পর verb-এর past participle ফর্ম (V3) প্রয়োজন। Sentence Translation: অনেক আচার-অনুষ্ঠান কৃষির সাথে সম্পর্কিত ছিল এবং চান্দ্র মাস দ্বারা নির্ধারিত হতো। 9. Barishal Board (BB-2025) (a) Sentence: In the current social and economic system of Bangladesh, everyone (a) ________ (depend) on his income in order to (b) ________ (meet) the daily needs. Answer: depends Explanation: Indefinite pronouns like "everyone," "everybody," and "nobody" strictly take singular verbs. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Indefinite pronoun যেমন "everyone," "everybody," এবং "nobody"-এর পর সবসময় সিঙ্গুলার verb বসে। Sentence Translation: বাংলাদেশের বর্তমান সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক ব্যবস্থায় দৈনন্দিন চাহিদা পূরণের জন্য প্রত্যেকেই তার আয়ের ওপর নির্ভরশীল। (b) Sentence: In the current social and economic system of Bangladesh, everyone (a) ________ (depend) on his income in order to (b) ________ (meet) the daily needs. Answer: meet Explanation: The phrase "in order to" is an infinitive marker expressing purpose and is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "in order to" ফ্রেজটি উদ্দেশ্য প্রকাশকারী একটি infinitive marker এবং এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: বাংলাদেশের বর্তমান সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক ব্যবস্থায় দৈনন্দিন চাহিদা পূরণের জন্য প্রত্যেকেই তার আয়ের ওপর নির্ভরশীল। (c) Sentence: However, many people of our country (c) ________ (not earn) enough to live comfortably. Answer: do not earn Explanation: Present Indefinite negative. The plural subject "many people" takes the auxiliary "do not" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: এটি Present Indefinite-এর নেতিবাচক বাক্য। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট "many people" হওয়ায় অক্সিলিয়ারি "do not" + মূল verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: তবে, আমাদের দেশের অনেক মানুষ স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যে জীবনযাপন করার মতো পর্যাপ্ত উপার্জন করেন না। (d) Sentence: People of low income are to (d) ________ (struggle) a lot to buy food, clothes and medicine because prices of everything (e) ________ (rise) high day by day. Answer: struggle Explanation: The structure be to (am to/is to/are to) implies obligation or schedule and is followed by the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: be to (am to/is to/are to) গঠনটি বাধ্যবাধকতা বা পূর্বনির্ধারিত কাজ বোঝায় এবং এর পর verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: অল্প আয়ের মানুষদের খাবার, জামাকাপড় এবং ওষুধ কেনার জন্য অনেক সংগ্রাম করতে হয় কারণ দিন দিন সবকিছুর দাম ব্যাপক হারে বাড়ছে। (e) Sentence: People of low income are to (d) ________ (struggle) a lot to buy food, clothes and medicine because prices of everything (e) ________ (rise) high day by day. Answer: are rising Explanation: The phrase "day by day" indicates a gradual, ongoing change happening at the present time, requiring the Present Continuous Tense. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "day by day" ফ্রেজটি বর্তমানে চলমান একটি ধীরে ধীরে হওয়া পরিবর্তন নির্দেশ করে, তাই এটি Present Continuous Tense হবে। Sentence Translation: অল্প আয়ের মানুষদের খাবার, জামাকাপড় এবং ওষুধ কেনার জন্য অনেক সংগ্রাম করতে হয় কারণ দিন দিন সবকিছুর দাম ব্যাপক হারে বাড়ছে। (f) Sentence: Generally, people in rural areas (f) ________ (feel) the pressure even more as they earn less. Answer: feel Explanation: "Generally" signals a routine or factual reality requiring the Present Indefinite Tense. Plural subject takes the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Generally" শব্দটি একটি রুটিন বা বাস্তব সত্য নির্দেশ করে, যার কারণে Present Indefinite Tense প্রয়োজন। প্লুরাল সাবজেক্টের সাথে মূল verb বসে। Sentence Translation: সাধারণত, গ্রামাঞ্চলের লোকেরা আরও বেশি চাপ অনুভব করে কারণ তারা কম আয় করে। (g) Sentence: In fact, they (g) ________ (have) fewer opportunities to improve their financial condition. Answer: have Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense indicating possession/state. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: অধিকার বা অবস্থা বোঝাতে Present Indefinite Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: বস্তুত, তাদের আর্থিক অবস্থার উন্নতি করার সুযোগ অনেক কম থাকে। (h) Sentence: When prices go up, many families (h) ________ (not buy) enough healthy food and this causes malnourishment of the children. Answer: cannot buy Explanation: Context indicates a lack of ability or financial means, dictating the modal "cannot" + base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যের অর্থ দিয়ে সক্ষমতা বা আর্থিক সামর্থ্যের অভাব নির্দেশ করছে, তাই modal "cannot" + মূল verb বসবে। Sentence Translation: দাম বাড়লে অনেক পরিবার পর্যাপ্ত স্বাস্থ্যকর খাবার কিনতে পারে না এবং এটি শিশুদের অপুষ্টির কারণ হয়। (i) Sentence: Sometimes they cannot help (i) ________ (borrow) money, which (j) ________ (lead) to debt. Answer: borrowing Explanation: The idiomatic expression "cannot help" or "could not help" must always be followed by a gerund (Verb + -ing). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "cannot help" বা "could not help" ফ্রেজটির পর সবসময় gerund (Verb + -ing) বসে। Sentence Translation: মাঝে মাঝে তারা টাকা ধার না করে থাকতে পারে না, যা তাদের ঋণের দিকে পরিচালিত করে। (j) Sentence: Sometimes they cannot help (i) ________ (borrow) money, which (j) ________ (lead) to debt. Answer: leads Explanation: The relative pronoun "which" refers to the singular act of borrowing money. Therefore, the present tense verb takes an "-s". বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Relative pronoun "which" অর্থ ধার করার সিঙ্গুলার কাজটিকে নির্দেশ করছে। তাই present tense-এর verb-টির সাথে "-s" যুক্ত হয়েছে। Sentence Translation: মাঝে মাঝে তারা টাকা ধার না করে থাকতে পারে না, যা তাদের ঋণের দিকে পরিচালিত করে। (k) Sentence: High prices also (k) ________ (affect) their children's education. Answer: affect Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense. "High prices" is a plural subject, requiring the base verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Present Indefinite Tense। "High prices" একটি প্লুরাল সাবজেক্ট, তাই মূল verb বসেছে। Sentence Translation: উচ্চ মূল্য তাদের শিশুদের শিক্ষাকেও প্রভাবিত করে। (l) Sentence: Many a student (l) ________ (drop) out of school as their parents cannot afford to (m) ________ (bear) their educational expenses. Answer: drops Explanation: The phrase "Many a" + singular countable noun (student) is treated as a singular subject grammatically and requires a singular verb. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "Many a" + singular countable noun (student) ফ্রেজটিকে ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সিঙ্গুলার সাবজেক্ট হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয় এবং এর সাথে সিঙ্গুলার verb বসে। Sentence Translation: অনেক শিক্ষার্থী স্কুল থেকে ঝরে পড়ে কারণ তাদের বাবা-মা তাদের শিক্ষার খরচ বহন করতে সামর্থ্য রাখেন না। (m) Sentence: Many a student (l) ________ (drop) out of school as their parents cannot afford to (m) ________ (bear) their educational expenses. Answer: bear Explanation: The verb "afford" is followed by the infinitive "to" and the base form of the verb (V1). বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: "afford" verb-টির পর infinitive "to" এবং verb-এর base form (V1) বসে। Sentence Translation: অনেক শিক্ষার্থী স্কুল থেকে ঝরে পড়ে কারণ তাদের বাবা-মা তাদের শিক্ষার খরচ বহন করতে সামর্থ্য রাখেন না। (n) Sentence: But for the true development of our country, proper education must be (n) ________ (ensure) at any cost. Answer: ensured Explanation: Passive voice with a modal. The structure modal + be + past participle (V3) is used when the subject ("proper education") receives the action. বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা: Modal যুক্ত Passive voice। যখন সাবজেক্ট ("proper education") নিজে কাজ না করে কাজের ফল গ্রহণ করে, তখন modal + be + past participle (V3) গঠনটি ব্যবহৃত হয়। Sentence Translation: কিন্তু আমাদের দেশের প্রকৃত উন্নয়নের জন্য যেকোনো মূল্যে সঠিক শিক্ষা নিশ্চিত করতে হবে।

English Topics for Medical Admission Test Examination 1. Adjective Adjective - Lesson-1 * Adjective - Exercise -1 * Adjective - Exercise -2 * Adjective - Exercise -3 * Adjective - Exercise -4 * 2. Adjective and Article, Determiners Adjective and Article, Determiners - Exercise -1 * 3. Adverb Adverb - Lesson -1 * Adverb - Exercise -1 * 4. Affirmative & Negative Agreement Affirmative and Negative Agreement Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Lesson -1 * Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 5. Analogy Analogy Exercise -1 * Analogy - Exercise - 2 * Analogy - Exercise - 3 * 6. Antonym Antonym Exercise -1 * 7. Articles Article- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Articles - Lesson - 1 * Article - Exercise -1 * Articles - Exercise - 4 * 8. Causative Verb Causative Verb - Lesson -1 * 9. Clauses Clauses - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Clauses - Exercise -1 * 10. Conditional Conditional Sentences - Lesson -1 * Conditional Sentences - Exercise -2 * 11. Conjunction Conjunction - Lesson -1 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -1 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 * 12. Corrections Correction Lesson - 1 * Correction Exercise -1 * Correction Exercise -3 * Correction Exercise - 4 * Correction Exercise - 6 * 13. Dangling Modifiers Dangling Modifier Lesson -1 * Dangling Modifier Exercise -1 * 14. Degree of Comparison Degree of Comparison - Lesson 1 * Degree of Comparison - Lesson 2 * 15. Diction Diction Exercise -1 * 16. Gender Gender Lesson -1 * Gender- Exercise -1 * 17. Gerund and Participle Gerund & Participle - Exercise -1 * 18. Interjection Interjection - Exercise -1 * 19. Inversion Inversion - Exercise -1 * Inversion - Exercise -1 * 20. Literature Literature Exercise -2 * Literature - Exercise -3 * Literature - Exercise - 4 * Literature - Exercise - 5 * Literature - Exercise - 7 * Literature - Exercise - 8 * Literature - Exercise -9 * Literature Exercise -10 . * 21. Modal Verbs Modal Verb - Lesson -1 * 22. Narration Narration - Exercise -1 * Narration Exercise -2 * Narration Exercise - 3 * Narration Exercise - 4 * Narration Practice (MCQ) Passage Narration Lesson -1 * 23. Noun Noun Lesson * Noun Exercise -1 * Noun Exercise -2 * Noun Exercise -4 * 24. Number Number Lesson -1 * Number Exercise -1 * Number Exercise -2 * 25. Parallelism Parallelism Parallelism - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Parallelism Exercise 1 Parallelism - Exercise -1 * 26. Parts of Speech Parts of Speech - Lesson * Parts of Speech - Exercise -1 * Parts of Speech - Exercise -2 * 27. Phrase Phrase Lesson - 1 * Phrase - Exercise -1 * Phrase - Foreign Phrases - Exercise - 1 * 28. Phrase and cluse Phrase and Clause - Lesson-1 * 29. Phrase and Idioms Phrase and Idioms - Exercise -2 * 30. Pin Pointing Errors Pin Pointing Errors Exercise -1 * Pin Pointing Errors Exercise -4 * 31. Preposition , Appropriate Preposition Preposition - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Preposition Lesson-1 * Preposition - Exercise - 1 * Preposition - Exercise -2 * Preposition Exercise - 6 * Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 * Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 4 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 5 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 7 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 8 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 9 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 * 32. Pronoun Pronoun Lesson 1 * Pronoun- Exercise -1 * Pronoun- Exercise -2 * Pronoun- Exercise -3 * 33. Proverb PROVERBS Exercise -1 * 34. Punctuation Punctuation and Capitalization - Lesson -1 * 35. Quotation Quotation - Exercise -1 * 36. Redundancy Redundancy Exercise -1 * 37. Right form of verb Right form of verb Lesson - 1 * Right form of Verbs Exercise Right form of verb- Exercise -2 * Right form of verb- Exercise -6 * Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 * 38. Sentence Sentence - Lesson -1 * Sentence - Exercise -1 * Sentence- Exercise -2 * 39. Spelling Spelling Exercise -1 * Spelling Exercise -4 * Spelling Exercise -5 * Spelling Exercise - 6 * Spelling Exercise -8 * 40. Subject Verb Agreement Subject Verb Agreement - Lesson - 1 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise -2 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise - 3 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise - 4 * 41. Subjunctive Mood Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 * Subjunctive Mood - Lesson -1 * 42. Suffix and Prefix Suffix and Suffix -Derivatives - Exercise -1 * Suffix and Suffix -Derivatives - Exercise -1 * 43. Synonym and Antonym Synonym & Antonym List -1 * Synonym & Antonym List -2 * Synonym & Antonym Exercise -1 * Synonym & Antonym Exercise -1 * Synonym Exercise -1 * 44. Tag Question Tag Question - Lesson -1 * 45. Tense Tense - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Tense Lesson -1 TENSE - Sequence of Tense Lesson -2 * TENSE - Sequence of Tense * TENSE - IDENTIFICATION OF TENSE Tense Exercise -1 * 46. Text Book of Grade 12 Text Book Exercise -1 * 47. Translation Translation Exercise -1 * Translation Exercise -2 * Translation - Exercise - 3 * Translation - Exercise - 4 * Translation - Exercise - 5 * Translation - Exercise - 6 * Translation - Exercise - 10 * 48. Verb Verb Lesson 1 * Verb - Exercise -1 * Verb - Exercise -2 * Verb - Exercise -3 * Verb Exercise - 5 * Verb Exercise - 6 * Verb Exercise - 8 * 49. Verbal Verbal - Exercise -2 * 50. Vocabulary Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 * Vocabulary Exercise -3 * Vocabulary Exercise - 4 * Vocabulary Exercise - 5 * Vocabulary Exercise - 6 * 51. Voice Voice Lesson - 1 * Voice - Exercise -1 * Voice Exercise -2 * Voice Exercise - 3 * Voice Exercise - 4 * Voice Exercise - 8 * 52. Miscellaneous English English Miscellaneous Exercise - 6 * Previous Medical Admission Test Medical College Admission Test English - 2024- 2025 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2023- 2024 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2022- 2023 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2021- 2022 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2020- 2021 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2019- 2020 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2018- 2019 Session English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2017 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2016 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2015 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2014 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2013 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2012 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2011 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2010 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2009 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2008 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2007 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2006 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2005 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2004 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2003 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2002 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Medical College Admission Test English - 2001 English Questions' Answers with Explanation Previous BCS English Questions 50th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 49th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 48th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 47th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 46th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 45th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 44th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 43rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 42nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 41st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 40th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 39th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 38th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 37th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 36th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 35th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 34th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 33rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 32nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 31st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 30th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 29th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 28th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 27th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 26th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 25th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 24th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 23rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 22nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 21st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 20th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 19th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 18th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 17th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 16th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 15th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 14th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 13th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 12th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 11th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 10th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation More University Admission University Admission | babarenglish University Admission Test English Dhaka University Admission Tests- Previous English Questions DU (A-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University A-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (B-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University B-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (C-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University C-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (D-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University D-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Chattagram University Admission Tests- Previous English Questions CU (B-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Chattogram University B-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Alphabetically Arranged Adjective - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective and Article, Determiners - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Analogy Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Analogy Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Articles - Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Causative Verb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Clauses - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Clauses - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise - 6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise - 6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Dangling Modifier Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Dangling Modifier Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Lesson 2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Gender- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Gender Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Group Verb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Important Paragraphs for SSC 2026 / Most Important Paragraphs for SSC 2026 / Paragraph Suggestion for SSC 2026/ Paragraph Writing for SSC 2026 Inversion - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Inversion - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Literature Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Literature Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Modal Verb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Narration - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Narration Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Lesson for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Number Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Number Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination One Word Substitution / Substitution Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination One Word Substitution / Substitution Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parallelism - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parallelism - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech - Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech - Lesson for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech for SSC and HSC Examinations Parts of Speech Identification - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Passage Narration Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Clause - Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Idioms - Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Idioms - Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrases & Idioms Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrases & Idioms Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition Exercise -6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement Pronoun- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun- Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Punctuation and Capitalization - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Question-Embedded & WH Question- Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence Transformation - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence Transformation - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subject Verb Agreement - Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive Mood - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination TENSE - Sequence of Tense Lesson -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tense Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation - Exercise - 10 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation - Exercise - 10 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb Exercise - 8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary ( Word Meaning) - Exercise - 3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary ( Word Meaning) - Exercise - 3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice Exercise - 8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination

English Topics for BCS Examination 1. Adjective Adjective - Lesson-1 * Adjective - Exercise -1 * Adjective - Exercise -2 * Adjective - Exercise -3 * Adjective - Exercise -4 * 2. Adjective and Article, Determiners Adjective and Article, Determiners - Exercise -1 * 3. Adverb Adverb - Lesson -1 * Adverb - Exercise -1 * 4. Affirmative & Negative Agreement Affirmative and Negative Agreement Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Lesson -1 * Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 5. Analogy Analogy Exercise -1 * Analogy - Exercise - 2 * Analogy - Exercise - 3 * 6. Antonym Antonym Exercise -1 * 7. Articles Article- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Articles - Lesson - 1 * Article - Exercise -1 * Articles - Exercise - 4 * 8. Causative Verb Causative Verb - Lesson -1 * 9. Clauses Clauses - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Clauses - Exercise -1 * 10. Conditional Conditional Sentences - Lesson -1 * Conditional Sentences - Exercise -2 * 11. Conjunction Conjunction - Lesson -1 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -1 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 * Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 * 12. Corrections Correction Lesson - 1 * Correction Exercise -1 * Correction Exercise -3 * Correction Exercise - 4 * Correction Exercise - 6 * 13. Dangling Modifiers Dangling Modifier Lesson -1 * Dangling Modifier Exercise -1 * 14. Degree of Comparison Degree of Comparison - Lesson 1 * Degree of Comparison - Lesson 2 * 15. Diction Diction Exercise -1 * 16. Gender Gender Lesson -1 * Gender- Exercise -1 * 17. Gerund and Participle Gerund & Participle - Exercise -1 * 18. Interjection Interjection - Exercise -1 * 19. Inversion Inversion - Exercise -1 * Inversion - Exercise -1 * 20. Literature Literature Exercise -2 * Literature - Exercise -3 * Literature - Exercise - 4 * Literature - Exercise - 5 * Literature - Exercise - 7 * Literature - Exercise - 8 * Literature - Exercise -9 * Literature Exercise -10 . * 21. Modal Verbs Modal Verb - Lesson -1 * 22. Narration Narration - Exercise -1 * Narration Exercise -2 * Narration Exercise - 3 * Narration Exercise - 4 * Narration Practice (MCQ) Passage Narration Lesson -1 * 23. Noun Noun Lesson * Noun Exercise -1 * Noun Exercise -2 * Noun Exercise -4 * 24. Number Number Lesson -1 * Number Exercise -1 * Number Exercise -2 * 25. Parallelism Parallelism Parallelism - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Parallelism Exercise 1 Parallelism - Exercise -1 * 26. Parts of Speech Parts of Speech - Lesson * Parts of Speech - Exercise -1 * Parts of Speech - Exercise -2 * 27. Phrase Phrase Lesson - 1 * Phrase - Exercise -1 * Phrase - Foreign Phrases - Exercise - 1 * 28. Phrase and cluse Phrase and Clause - Lesson-1 * 29. Phrase and Idioms Phrase and Idioms - Exercise -2 * 30. Pin Pointing Errors Pin Pointing Errors Exercise -1 * Pin Pointing Errors Exercise -4 * 31. Preposition , Appropriate Preposition Preposition - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Preposition Lesson-1 * Preposition - Exercise - 1 * Preposition - Exercise -2 * Preposition Exercise - 6 * Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 * Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 4 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 5 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 7 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 8 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 9 * Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 * 32. Pronoun Pronoun Lesson 1 * Pronoun- Exercise -1 * Pronoun- Exercise -2 * Pronoun- Exercise -3 * 33. Proverb PROVERBS Exercise -1 * 34. Punctuation Punctuation and Capitalization - Lesson -1 * 35. Quotation Quotation - Exercise -1 * 36. Redundancy Redundancy Exercise -1 * 37. Right form of verb Right form of verb Lesson - 1 * Right form of Verbs Exercise Right form of verb- Exercise -2 * Right form of verb- Exercise -6 * Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 * 38. Sentence Sentence - Lesson -1 * Sentence - Exercise -1 * Sentence- Exercise -2 * 39. Spelling Spelling Exercise -1 * Spelling Exercise -4 * Spelling Exercise -5 * Spelling Exercise - 6 * Spelling Exercise -8 * 40. Subject Verb Agreement Subject Verb Agreement - Lesson - 1 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise -2 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise - 3 * Subject Verb Agreement - Exercise - 4 * 41. Subjunctive Mood Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 * Subjunctive Mood - Lesson -1 * 42. Suffix and Prefix Suffix and Suffix -Derivatives - Exercise -1 * Suffix and Suffix -Derivatives - Exercise -1 * 43. Synonym and Antonym Synonym & Antonym List -1 * Synonym & Antonym List -2 * Synonym & Antonym Exercise -1 * Synonym & Antonym Exercise -1 * Synonym Exercise -1 * 44. Tag Question Tag Question - Lesson -1 * 45. Tense Tense - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Tense Lesson -1 TENSE - Sequence of Tense Lesson -2 * TENSE - Sequence of Tense * TENSE - IDENTIFICATION OF TENSE Tense Exercise -1 * 46. Text Book of Grade 12 Text Book Exercise -1 * 47. Translation Translation Exercise -1 * Translation Exercise -2 * Translation - Exercise - 3 * Translation - Exercise - 4 * Translation - Exercise - 5 * Translation - Exercise - 6 * Translation - Exercise - 10 * 48. Verb Verb Lesson 1 * Verb - Exercise -1 * Verb - Exercise -2 * Verb - Exercise -3 * Verb Exercise - 5 * Verb Exercise - 6 * Verb Exercise - 8 * 49. Verbal Verbal - Exercise -2 * 50. Vocabulary Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 * Vocabulary Exercise -3 * Vocabulary Exercise - 4 * Vocabulary Exercise - 5 * Vocabulary Exercise - 6 * 51. Voice Voice Lesson - 1 * Voice - Exercise -1 * Voice Exercise -2 * Voice Exercise - 3 * Voice Exercise - 4 * Voice Exercise - 8 * 52. Miscellaneous English English Miscellaneous Exercise - 6 * Previous BCS English Questions 50th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 49th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 48th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 47th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 46th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 45th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 44th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 43rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 42nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 41st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 40th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 39th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 38th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 37th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 36th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 35th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 34th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 33rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 32nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 31st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 30th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 29th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 28th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 27th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 26th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 25th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 24th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 23rd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 22nd BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 21st BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 20th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 19th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 18th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 17th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 16th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 15th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 14th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 13th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 12th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 11th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation 10th BCS English Questions & Answers with Explanation More University Admission University Admission | babarenglish University Admission Test English Dhaka University Admission Tests- Previous English Questions DU (A-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University A-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (B-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University B-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (C-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University C-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List DU (D-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Dhaka University D-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Chattagram University Admission Tests- Previous English Questions CU (B-Unit) Admission Test English Questions With Answers / Answers with Explanation of Chattogram University B-Unit Admission Tests English Questions- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Alphabetically Arranged Adjective - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective - Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adjective and Article, Determiners - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Adverb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Affirmative & Negative Agreement - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Analogy Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Analogy Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Appropriate Preposition- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Articles - Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Causative Verb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Clauses - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Clauses - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conditional Sentences - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Conjunction & Linkers - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise - 6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise - 6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Correction Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Dangling Modifier Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Dangling Modifier Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Degree of Comparison - Lesson 2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Embedded & WH Question- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Gender- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Gender Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Group Verb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Important Paragraphs for SSC 2026 / Most Important Paragraphs for SSC 2026 / Paragraph Suggestion for SSC 2026/ Paragraph Writing for SSC 2026 Inversion - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Inversion - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Literature Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Literature Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Modal Verb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Narration - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Narration Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Exercise -4 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Noun Lesson for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Number Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Number Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination One Word Substitution / Substitution Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination One Word Substitution / Substitution Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parallelism - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parallelism - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech - Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech - Lesson for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Parts of Speech for SSC and HSC Examinations Parts of Speech Identification - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Passage Narration Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Clause - Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Idioms - Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase and Idioms - Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrase Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrases & Idioms Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Phrases & Idioms Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Appropriate Preposition Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition Exercise -6 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Preposition Lesson-1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement Pronoun- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun- Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Pronoun Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Punctuation and Capitalization - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Question-Embedded & WH Question- Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 12 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 13 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise - 9 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb- Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Right form of verb Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence- Exercise -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence Transformation - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Sentence Transformation - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Spelling Exercise -8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subject Verb Agreement - Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive / Subjunctive Mood Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Subjunctive Mood - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tag Question - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination TENSE - Sequence of Tense Lesson -2 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Tense Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation - Exercise - 10 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation - Exercise - 10 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Translation Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb - Exercise -3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb Exercise - 8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Verb Lesson 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary ( Word Meaning) - Exercise - 3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary ( Word Meaning) - Exercise - 3 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Vocabulary (Word Meaning) - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice - Exercise -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice Exercise - 8 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination Voice Lesson - 1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination

SSC - 2027 English First Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 1st Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Reading (70 Marks) Skills/Area Test Item No Item Marks 1. MCQ (Seen Comprehension) 1 × 7 7 2. Answering Questions 2 × 5 10 3. Gap Filling 1 × 5 5 4. Information Transfer (Unseen Passage) 1 × 5 5 5. Writing Summary 10 6. Matching 1 × 5 5 7. Re-arranging Sentences 1 × 8 8 8. Answering Questions from Poems (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 9. Answering Questions from Stories (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 Total (Part A) 70 Part B: Writing (30 Marks) Skills/Area Item Marks 10. Completing Stories 15 11. Writing Dialogues 15 Total (Part B) 30 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad SSC - 2027 English Second Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 2nd Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. Gap Filling with Clues 1 × 10 10 2. Substitution Table 1 × 5 5 3. Right Form of Verbs 1 × 10 10 4. Changing Sentences (Affirmative, Negative, Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Simple, Complex, Compound) 1 × 10 10 5. Tag Questions 1 × 5 5 6. Suffixes and Prefixes 1 × 5 5 7. Prepositions 1 × 5 5 8. Connectors/Linking Words 1 × 5 5 9. Punctuation and Capitalization 5 Total (Part A) 60 Part B: Writing (40 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. Writing Paragraph 10 2. Writing E-mail/Letter/Application 10 3. Writing Short Composition 20 Total (Part B) 40 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad

SSC - 2028 English Second Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 2nd Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) Skills/Area Test Item no Item Marks 1. Gap Filling with Clues 1 × 10 10 2. Substitution Table 1 × 5 5 3. Right Form of Verbs 1 × 10 10 4. Changing Sentences (Affirmative, Negative, Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Simple, Complex, Compound) 1 × 10 10 5. Tag Questions 1 × 5 5 6. Suffixes and Prefixes 1 × 5 5 7. Prepositions 1 × 5 5 8. Connectors/Linking Words 1 × 5 5 9. Punctuation and Capitalization 5 Total (Part A) Total 60 Part B: Writing (40 Marks) Skills/Area Item Marks 1. Writing Paragraph 10 2. Writing E-mail/Letter/Application 10 3. Writing Short Composition 20 Total (Part B) Total 40 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad SSC - 2027 English First Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 1st Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Reading (70 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. MCQ (Seen Comprehension) 1 × 7 7 2. Answering Questions 2 × 5 10 3. Gap Filling 1 × 5 5 4. Information Transfer (Unseen Passage) 1 × 5 5 5. Writing Summary 10 6. Matching 1 × 5 5 7. Re-arranging Sentences 1 × 8 8 8. Answering Questions from Poems (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 9. Answering Questions from Stories (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 Total (Part A) 70 Part B: Writing (30 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 10. Completing Stories 15 11. Writing Dialogues 15 Total (Part B) 30 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad

SSC - 2027 English First Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 1st Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Reading (70 Marks) Skills/Area Test Item No Item Marks 1. MCQ (Seen Comprehension) 1 × 7 7 2. Answering Questions 2 × 5 10 3. Gap Filling 1 × 5 5 4. Information Transfer (Unseen Passage) 1 × 5 5 5. Writing Summary 10 6. Matching 1 × 5 5 7. Re-arranging Sentences 1 × 8 8 8. Answering Questions from Poems (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 9. Answering Questions from Stories (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 Total (Part A) 70 Part B: Writing (30 Marks) Skills/Area Item Marks 10. Completing Stories 15 11. Writing Dialogues 15 Total (Part B) 30 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad SSC - 2027 English Second Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 2nd Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. Gap Filling with Clues 1 × 10 10 2. Substitution Table 1 × 5 5 3. Right Form of Verbs 1 × 10 10 4. Changing Sentences (Affirmative, Negative, Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Simple, Complex, Compound) 1 × 10 10 5. Tag Questions 1 × 5 5 6. Suffixes and Prefixes 1 × 5 5 7. Prepositions 1 × 5 5 8. Connectors/Linking Words 1 × 5 5 9. Punctuation and Capitalization 5 Total (Part A) 60 Part B: Writing (40 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. Writing Paragraph 10 2. Writing E-mail/Letter/Application 10 3. Writing Short Composition 20 Total (Part B) 40 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad

SSC - 2027 English Second Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 2nd Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) Skills/Area Test Item no Item Marks 1. Gap Filling with Clues 1 × 10 10 2. Substitution Table 1 × 5 5 3. Right Form of Verbs 1 × 10 10 4. Changing Sentences (Affirmative, Negative, Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Simple, Complex, Compound) 1 × 10 10 5. Tag Questions 1 × 5 5 6. Suffixes and Prefixes 1 × 5 5 7. Prepositions 1 × 5 5 8. Connectors/Linking Words 1 × 5 5 9. Punctuation and Capitalization 5 Total (Part A) Total 60 Part B: Writing (40 Marks) Skills/Area Item Marks 1. Writing Paragraph 10 2. Writing E-mail/Letter/Application 10 3. Writing Short Composition 20 Total (Part B) Total 40 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad SSC - 2027 English First Paper Syllabus and Marks Distribution English 1st Paper – 100 Marks Part A: Reading (70 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 1. MCQ (Seen Comprehension) 1 × 7 7 2. Answering Questions 2 × 5 10 3. Gap Filling 1 × 5 5 4. Information Transfer (Unseen Passage) 1 × 5 5 5. Writing Summary 10 6. Matching 1 × 5 5 7. Re-arranging Sentences 1 × 8 8 8. Answering Questions from Poems (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 9. Answering Questions from Stories (Any 5 out of 8) 2 × 5 10 Total (Part A) 70 Part B: Writing (30 Marks) Skills/Area Marks Test Item Item Marks 10. Completing Stories 15 11. Writing Dialogues 15 Total (Part B) 30 Grand Total: 100 Marks Ad

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Syllabus Department of English One-Year Master’s Course Effective from the Session: 2013-2014 National University Subject: English Syllabus for One-Year Master’s Course Effective from the Session: 2013-2014 Paper Code Paper Title Credits 311101 Chaucer 4 311103 W. Shakespeare 4 311105 Modern Poetry 4 311107 Modern Drama 4 311109 Modern Novel 4 311111 Prose 4 311113 South Asian and African Literature 4 311114 Term Paper 2 311116 Viva-Voce 2 Total = 32 Detailed Syllabus Paper Code : 311101 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : Chaucer : ‘The General Prologue’ to The Canterbury Tales, ‘The Nuns Priests Tale’, Troilus and Cresyde Paper Code : 311103 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : W. Shakespeare : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Tempest, Measure for Measure, Julius Caesar Paper Code : 311105 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : Modern Poetry 1. W. Whitman : ‘Song of Myself’ 2. W. B. Yeats : Selected poems (ed. Norman Jeffares except the pieces included in the Honours Course) 3. Robert Frost : Poems (as in Norton Anthology-except the pieces included in the Honours Course) 4. W. H. Auden : Poems ( as in Norton Anthology) 5. Dylan Thomas : Poems ( as in Norton Anthology excluding `Fern Hill’) 6. Seamus Heany : Poems ( as in Norton) Paper Code : 311107 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : Modern Drama 1. G.B. Shaw : You Never Can Tell 2. Eugene O’ Neil : Desire Under the Elms 3. A. Miller : Death of a Salesman 4. Tennessee William : The Glass Menagerie Paper Code : 311109 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : Modern Novel 1. E. Hemingway : The Old Man and the Sea 2. W. Golding : Lord of the Flies 3. N. Hawthorne : The Scarlet Letter 4. Aldous Huxley : Brave New World 5. J. Paul Sartre : Nausea Paper Code : 311111 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : Prose 1. W. Emerson : ‘The American Scholar’ 2. H. D. Thoreau : ‘Civil Disobedience’ 3. Virginia Woolf : ‘Shakespeare’s Sister’ 4. T.S. Eliot : ‘Tradition and Individual Talent’ 5. F.R. Leavis : ‘Literature and Society’ Paper Code : 311113 ------- Credits : 4 Class Hours : 120 hrs. Paper Title : South Asian and African Literature S. Waliullah : Tree Without Roots Arundhati Roy : The God of Small Things Kazi Nazrul Islam : “The Rebel”, ‘Of Equality and the Happy Land’, “Man”, “Beware My Captain’ (as translated by Kabir Chowdhury and published in Poetry of Kazi Nazrul Islam” (Volume One) published by Nazrul Institute, Bangladesh. Chinua Achebe : Things Fall Apart Ngugi wa Thiong`o : Petals of Blood Paper Code : 311114 ------- Credits : 2 Paper Title : Term Paper Paper Code : 311116 ------- Credits : 2 Paper Title : Viva-Voce Short Marks Distribution Summary Section Topic Focus Marks Part 1 Reading & Understanding (Comprehension Test) 20 Part 2 Writing (Sentences, Situational, Paragraph, Letter, Essay) 40 Part 3 Grammar (Re-arranging, Wh-Questions, Articles, Verbs, Punctuation) 25 Part 4 Vocabulary (Changing Word Forms, Synonyms/Antonyms, Affixes) 10 Part 5 Translation (Bengali to English) 5 Total 100 Syllabus & Assessment Framework National University Course Target: BA/BSS/BSc Honours (Non-Credit) 2nd Year Paper Title: English (Compulsory) Paper Code: 221109 Total Marks: 100 Class Hours: 60 Exam Duration: 4 Hours I. Course Aims and Objectives The primary objective of this course is to develop students' English language skills, enabling them to benefit both personally and professionally. The curriculum integrates the four fundamental skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—to encourage superior and practical language use. II. Comprehensive Syllabus & Marks Distribution 1. Reading and Understanding (Comprehension Test) — 20 Marks Students are expected to read unseen passages commonly found in everyday life, such as newspapers, magazines, general books, and simple stories, to build familiarity with diverse language uses. · Answering Questions (6 Marks): Typically, two to three questions are set based on the passage. Answers must be creative and written in the student's own words; direct copying of sentences from the passage is strictly prohibited. Main Idea and Supporting Ideas (4 Marks): Students must identify the core theme (main idea/gist) and the ancillary or helping ideas (supporting ideas) that amplify the fundamental concept of the text. Word Meaning (5 Marks): Students will be given seven words from the passage and must answer any five. They are required to write the English meaning of the words and frame meaningful sentences in English using those given words. Writing Summary or Key Word (5 Marks): o Summary: Students must write a concise summary not exceeding one-third of the passage's length. The summary must assemble rational ideas centered around key words without quoting directly. Examples, analogies, and advisory statements must be avoided. o Key Word (Alternative): Identifying the core word or phrase around which a meaningful sentence is built. 2. Writing — 40 Marks · Sentence Construction (5 Marks): Tasks include writing correct sentences, completing incomplete sentences, or combining two or more sentences into one. In the exam, students are typically asked to correct 5 out of 7 incorrect sentences. Situational Writing (4 Marks): Students must draft one item from given options such as a Poster, Notice, Slogan, Memo, or Advertisement. Paragraph Writing or Newspaper Writing (8 Marks): o Paragraph: Focuses on structure, topic sentences, developing ideas, and writing a conclusion. Types include narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive, using techniques like listing, cause and effect, or comparison and contrast. o Alternatives: Reports, press releases, dialogues, or amplification. Letter or Resume Writing (8 Marks): o Formal/Informal Letters: Writing personal letters, letters to the editor, request letters, or complaint letters. o Resume/Job Application: Drafting a professional job application, which must include a Resume (Curriculum Vitae). Essay Writing (15 Marks): Students must write an essay focusing on generating ideas, outlining, formulating a thesis sentence, drafting introductions and conclusions, developing ideas, and revising/editing. 3. Grammar — 25 Marks Knowledge of grammar is tested through contextualized passages or standalone sentences. Students typically answer 5 out of 7 options for each segment. Word Order / Re-arranging (5 Marks): Organizing jumbled words to form sensible, grammatically correct sentences. Framing Wh-Questions (5 Marks): Creating questions using Wh-words (who, what, where, etc.) based on provided statements. Articles (5 Marks): Filling in the blanks of a short passage with appropriate articles. Right Form of Verbs & General Grammar (5 Marks): Applying rules related to tenses, subject-verb agreement, noun-pronoun agreement, conditionals, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Punctuation (5 Marks): Inserting correct punctuation marks and capitalization into an unpunctuated passage. 4. Developing Vocabulary — 10 Marks · Changing Word Forms (5 Marks): Changing a given root word into another part of speech (e.g., from verb to noun) and using the newly formed word in a sentence. · Antonyms & Synonyms OR Suffix & Prefix (5 Marks): Providing antonyms or synonyms for given words and framing sentences, or adding affixes to create new words. 5. Translation — 5 Marks · Bengali to English Translation: Translating a provided Bengali passage into English. Students must maintain the fluency, significance, and core meaning of the original text, strictly avoiding literal or word-for-word translation. 6. Speaking Skills (Integrated) · Note: This is integrated into classroom activities rather than the written exam. · Focuses on the English sound system, pronunciation skills, the IPA system, problem sounds, vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and lexical/syntactic stress. · Dialogue writing and oral practice are used to develop these speaking skills. Model Question Paper National University [BA/BSS/BSc (Hon's) 2nd Year; Exam.-2024 (Held in-22/10/2025)] ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Subject Code: 221109 Time: 3 hours; Full marks: 100 [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] 1. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow: Corruption spoils human character. It is one of the maladies worsening the society. Since her emergence in 1971, Bangladesh has been experiencing violence, terrorism and misrule. The country is beset with corruption and political turmoil. Bangladesh has been ranked as the world's most corrupt nation in the consecutive three years. Corruption has raised its ugly head in different sectors in the society. It is prevalent at every field of the society. Allegations of wide spread corruption are the daily news of newspapers and other news media. There is little debate concerning the negative impact of corruption in Bangladesh. While Bangladesh has made good progress in several areas of the development agenda, she continues to impede her development potentials. The country has made notable advancement in meeting a combination of development challenges. The government, past and present, have totally failed to stamp out corruption. It is the use of public resources for private purpose. It is like termite nibbling at the structure of the society. In the case of Bangladesh, corruption and the misrule of the political parties and regime changes through military take overs ostensibly to root out corruption have impeded the progress of a democratic political system. (a) Write answers to the following questions (2 x 3 = 6): (i) What is corruption? (ii) What are the negative impacts of corruption in Bangladesh? (iii) What are the daily news of newspapers and other news media? (b) What is the main idea and what are the supporting ideas of this passage? (4) (c) Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make sentences of your own with the given words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): violence, prevalent, widespread, impact, notable, structure, development. (d) Write a summary of the passage. (5) 2. Correct the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) He is angry with your conduct. (b) You drank a hot cup tea. (c) He was accused for murder. (d) She feels comparatively better today. (e) Stay here until I do not come. (f) One should do his duty. (g) Do you know where does he live? 3. Suppose, you are the Principal of 'X' college, Rangpur. Your students are not regular in their classes. Now write a notice to warn them to be regular in attending their classes. (4) Or, Write a poster to raise public awareness about the spread of corona virus across the country. 4. Write a paragraph on any one of the following (8): (a) Tolerance (b) Qualities of a good student (c) Mobile Phone 5. Write an application the Chairman of your Union Parishad for repairing a damaged bridge in your locality. (8) Or, Write a letter to your friend who has recently lost his/her father. 6. Write an essay on any one of the following (15): (a) Natural Calamities in Bangladesh (b) A Journey You Enjoyed (c) July Uprising-2024 7. Re-arrange the words to make sensible sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) He know you do who is? (b) letter receive your to very am I glad (c) Warfare skilled he was in (d) Our of the country hot climate is (e) good vegetables for green are health (f) Wrong he that he done knew had. (g) a man demoralizes frustration 8. Frame Wh-questions from the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) I bought five books. (b) She goes to college on foot. (c) He looks like a hero. (d) I saw him in the park. (e) They are working hard for the country. (f) The office closes at 5 p.m. (g) Everybody wants to be happy. 9. Use articles in the gaps (1 x 5 = 5): Dhaka is (a)—big city. It is (b)—capital of Bangladesh. Once it was famous for Muslim in (c)—whole world. Now there are lots of attractive places for (d)—tourists. It is also (e)—city of mosques. 10. Use the right form of verbs in the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) Charity (begin) at home. (b) He as well as his friends (be) selfish. (c) Why he (go) to market yesterday? (d) I wish I (buy) a car. (e) The rose (call) the queen of flowers. (f) It is high time we (serve) the nation. (g) He (be) absent for a week. 11. Punctuate and capitalize the following passage (5): William Shakespeare the monarch of world literature was born on April 12, 1564 in Stratford-on-avon his mother was mary Arden and his father was John Shakespeare he was not much educated he had little knowledge of grammar. 12. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) starve (Noun) (b) depend (Noun) (c) kindness (Adjective) (d) sure (verb) (e) independence (Adverb) (f) history (Adjective) (g) success (verb) 13. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) Ordinary (Antonym) (b) Completely (Synonym) (c) Brave (Antonym) (d) Help (Synonym) (e) Ignorant (Antonym) (f) Costly (Synonym) (g) Poverty (Antonym) 14. Translate the following passage in English (5): সততা একটি মহৎ গুণ। এই গুণ সম্পন্ন ব্যক্তি অত্যন্ত সম্মানিত। কেউ তাকে ঘৃণা করে না। এমনকি একজন অসৎ লোকও তাকে সম্মান না করে পারে না। একজন সৎ ব্যক্তি সবসময় মনের শান্তি অনুভব করতে পারেন। BA/BSS/BBS/B.Sc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam Marks Distribution BA/BSS/BBS/B.Sc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam Subject: English (Compulsory) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus Total Marks: 100 Marks Distribution Assessment Area Section / Content focus Marks Written Examination Part-A: Reading and Understanding 10 Part-B: Grammar (Answer any 5 questions) 20 Part-C: Writing (Answer any 5 questions) 50 Internal Assessment In-course: College-level evaluation 20 Total 100 Detail Marks Distribution & Syllabus Guidelines Part-A: Reading and Understanding (10 Marks) An unseen passage will be provided at the beginning of the question paper. Students must answer the following based on the passage: Answering Questions (4 Marks): Two to three questions will be set from the passage. Answers must be written creatively in the student's own words; direct sentences cannot be copied from the passage. Vocabulary or Summary (6 Marks): Students will face one of the following formats: Meaning of Word: Write the English meanings of given words from the passage and frame sentences in English. Key Word: Identify the central word or phrase that forms a meaningful sentence. Writing Summary: Write a summary not exceeding one-third of the passage length. Direct quotes, examples, and advice must be avoided, and concluding sentences should synthesize the core theme. Part-B: Grammar (20 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five of the following question types. Each question carries 4 marks (4 x 5 = 20). Word Transformation: Change given root words into specific parts of speech (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb) and create sentences with the newly formed words. Suitable Words: Fill in the blanks with grammatically accurate words, strictly adhering to rules of tense and sequence. 0r, Sentence Correction: Identify and rectify the grammatical errors in the provided sentences, applying rules for articles, voice, narration, prepositions, etc., without altering the entire sentence structure. Right Form of Verbs: Apply the correct verb forms based on subject-verb agreement, tense, and prepositional rules. or, Articles: Fill in the blanks of a short passage using appropriate definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) articles. Antonyms & Synonyms OR Suffix & Prefix: Write antonyms/synonyms and frame sentences, or attach prefixes/suffixes to root words to form new words and frame sentences. Framing Wh-Questions: Construct pronominal (who, whom, what, etc.) or adjectival (why, where, when, how) questions based on given statements. Re-arranging Sentences: Organize jumbled words into a logical, grammatically correct sentence structure. Punctuation: Insert appropriate punctuation marks and capital letters into an unpunctuated passage. Translation: Translate a Bengali passage into English. Literal, word-for-word translation is discouraged; the focus must remain on retaining the core meaning and proper English sentence structure. Part-C: Writing (50 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five questions. Each question carries 10 marks (10 x 5 = 50). Paragraph Writing: Write one paragraph from two provided topics. Report Writing: Draft a newspaper report on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Informal Letter: Write a personal letter (no alternative options provided). Formal Letter: Write a Resume, Application, or Job Application. Essay Writing: Write one essay from two provided topics. Amplification: Expand upon an idea or proverb (choose one from two options). Dialogue Writing: Compose a dialogue on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Situational Writing (10 Marks Total): Typically divided into two 5-mark segments covering Posters, Advertisements, Notices, Memos, or Slogans. Internal Assessment (20 Marks) In-course Exam: Conducted internally by the respective colleges. The final grading is calculated as 80% written examination and 20% in-course assessment, which is mandatory for both regular and private students. Model Question Paper Subject: ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus of 2017 Exam Session Reference: BA/BSS/BBS/BSc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam-2018; held on- 11.12-09-2019 Time: 3 hours and 30 minutes Full Marks: 80 Part-A (Marks- 10) 1. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below: According to Aristotle, tragedy is an imitation of an action. An action is the process of an individual from one position to another. In other words, an action consists of incidents and events; and the arrangement of these incidents and events is plot. As stated by Aristotle, a plot has a beginning, a middle and an end; and it is so well constructed that no incident can be omitted without destroying the unity of the whole. A plot which consists of a series of disconnected incidents is called episodic plot and it ranks the worst. According to Aristotle, plots are of two kinds: simple and complex. A simple plot is one which is single and continuous and in which the change of fortune comes about without a reversal or a discovery. A complex plot, on the other hand, is one in which the change of fortune is accompanied by a discovery or reversal or both. (a) Answer the questions below (4 Marks): (i) What is action? (ii) What is episodic plot? (iii) What is plot? (iv) How many types of plot has Aristotle mentioned here? (b) Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with the basic words (6 Marks): Position, Imitation, Omit, Whole, Simple, Change. Part-B (Marks- 20) (Answer any five questions; 4 × 5 = 20) 2. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words: Beauty (Adjective); Encourage (Noun); Great (Adverb); Power (Verb). 3. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences: (a) It is a pen _____ I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of _____. (c) He does not know how to _____. (d) I would _____ to use this car. 4. Use the right form of verbs within brackets: (a) I wish I (be) a poet. (b) It (be) raining for three days. (c) He (die) last night. (d) I saw two boys (swim) in the pond. 5. Write down the antonyms of the following words and make sentences with those antonyms: development; courage; good; black. 6. Frame Wh-questions from the following sentences: (a) He went to Dhaka to buy a car. (b) Shakespeare was a playwright. (c) He lives in London. (d) He went to India yesterday. 7. Re-arrange the following words to make sentences: (a) in sky the birds fly. (b) lives the grass cow on. (c) today well I not am. (d) for long I have known him a time. 8. Punctuate the following passage: the most Important of all the parts of a Tragedy is the structure of the Incidents Because Tragedy is an imitation not of men but of an action and life. 9. Translate the following passage into English: শিক্ষা অর্জন করা প্রত্যেক মানুষের জন্য ভীষণ জরুরি। শিক্ষা ছাড়া মানুষ উন্নতি করতে পারে না। শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তি সকলের কাছে প্রিয়। তাই আমাদের সকলের শিক্ষিত হওয়া উচিত। Part-C (Marks- 50) (Answer any five questions; 10 × 5 = 50) 10. Write a paragraph on any one of the following: (a) Price Hike; (b) Air Pollution. 11. Write a report for the newspaper on the abuse of mobile phone. 12. Write a letter to your younger brother on the importance of reading newspaper. 13. Write an application to the Principal of your college for a canteen in the college. 14. Write an essay on any one of the following: (a) A Journey by Train; (b) Birds of Bangladesh. 15. Amplify the idea (any one): (a) An empty vessel sounds much; (b) Tit for tat. 16. Write a dialogue between two friends about child labour. 17. (i) Write a poster creating awareness about the dangers of impure water. (ii) Prepare an advertisement for a new Shampoo. Model Question Solutions Part-A Solutions 1. (a) Comprehension Answers: (i) According to the text, an action is the process of an individual transitioning from one position to another. (ii) An episodic plot is a plot structure that consists of a series of disconnected incidents. (iii) A plot is defined as the specific arrangement of incidents and events within a narrative. (iv) Aristotle has mentioned two types of plots: simple and complex. 1. (b) Vocabulary & Sentence Construction: Position (Meaning: Location or status) - The manager offered her a senior position in the firm. Imitation (Meaning: The act of copying) - Art is often considered an imitation of real life. Omit (Meaning: To leave out) - Please do not omit any crucial details from your final report. Whole (Meaning: Entire or complete) - He read the whole novel in just one afternoon. Simple (Meaning: Uncomplicated or basic) - The instructions provided were very simple to follow. Change (Meaning: Alteration or modification) - A sudden change in the weather disrupted our travel plans. Part-B Solutions 2. Word Transformation: Beauty (Adjective) -> Beautiful: The scenery in the mountains is absolutely beautiful. Encourage (Noun) -> Encouragement: Employees perform better when they receive regular encouragement. Great (Adverb) -> Greatly: The scientific community was greatly impacted by his research. Power (Verb) -> Empower: The new initiative aims to empower local businesses. 3. Suitable Words: (a) It is a pen which (or that) I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of reading. (c) He does not know how to swim. (d) I would like (or love) to use this car. 4. Right Form of Verbs: (a) I wish I were a poet. (b) It has been raining for three days. (c) He died last night. (d) I saw two boys swimming in the pond. 5. Antonyms & Sentence Construction: Development -> Decline: The sudden economic decline affected many local industries. Courage -> Cowardice: The soldier was punished for his cowardice during the battle. Good -> Bad: Eating too much processed sugar is bad for your health. Black -> White: The company requires employees to wear a crisp white shirt. 6. Framing Wh-Questions: (a) Why did he go to Dhaka? (b) Who was Shakespeare? (c) Where does he live? (d) When did he go to India? 7. Re-arranging Sentences: (a) The birds fly in the sky. (b) The cow lives on grass. (c) I am not well today. (d) I have known him for a long time. 8. Punctuation: The most important of all the parts of a tragedy is the structure of the incidents, because tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and life. 9. Translation into English: Acquiring education is highly essential for every human being. Without education, a person cannot progress in life. An educated person is well-loved by everyone. Therefore, we should all become educated. Part-C Solutions (Exemplar selection) 10. Paragraph: (b) Air Pollution Air pollution is the introduction of harmful chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the Earth's atmosphere, leading to adverse effects on living organisms and the environment. In modern times, rapid industrialization, the proliferation of vehicles, and the burning of fossil fuels are the primary culprits behind this phenomenon. Toxic emissions such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides significantly degrade air quality, resulting in severe health crises like asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases among urban populations. Furthermore, air pollution contributes heavily to global warming, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion. To mitigate these catastrophic effects, it is imperative to enforce stricter environmental regulations on factories, promote the use of public transport and renewable energy, and launch massive afforestation campaigns to restore our natural air filtration systems. 13. Formal Application: Canteen in the College Date: September 25, 2026 To The Principal, [Insert College Name], [Insert City Name] Subject: Prayer for setting up a canteen in the college campus. Respected Sir/Madam, We, the students of your esteemed institution, beg most respectfully to draw your attention to a pressing issue we face daily: the absence of a proper canteen within our college premises. Due to continuous classes, practical sessions, and in-course examinations, students are required to stay on campus for extended hours. Without an on-campus facility, we are frequently compelled to consume unhygienic food from roadside vendors, which has led to numerous cases of food poisoning and gastrointestinal issues among the student body. A well-regulated college canteen would provide us with safe, hygienic, and affordable meals, while also serving as a proper resting area during off-periods, ultimately saving valuable academic time. We, therefore, sincerely pray and hope that you would be kind enough to take immediate and necessary steps to establish a canteen on the college campus and oblige thereby. Yours obediently, [Your Name] On behalf of the students of [Insert College Name] 17. Situational Writing (i) Poster WATER IS LIFE – DO NOT LET IT BE THE CAUSE OF DEATH! Beware of the hidden dangers of impure water. Boil or filter your water before drinking to prevent Cholera and Typhoid. Protect our rivers and ponds from industrial and household waste. Cover all stored water containers immediately. Act Now for a Healthier Tomorrow! Drink Safe, Stay Safe. (Issued in public interest by the Student Health Committee) (ii) Advertisement REVITALIZE YOUR HAIR WITH THE ALL-NEW AURA SILK SHAMPOO! Struggling with hair fall, split ends, and dullness? Discover the magic of Aura Silk Herbal Shampoo, packed with the natural goodness of Aloe Vera, Argan Oil, and Vitamin E! Reduces hair breakage by 85% in just 14 days! 100% free of harmful sulfates and parabens. Leaves your hair irresistibly smooth and radiantly shiny. Hurry! 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[ Dear students, the questions are given first. The answers are below. Scroll down to see them. You may use these board questions for practice. Try to answer by yourself first, then check the answers.] English Second Paper (Subject Code: 108) Part A - Grammar (Marks-60) 01. Fill in the blanks of the following text with articles where necessary. Some of the blanks may not require any article. Put a cross [x] in those blanks: (0.5x10=5) Though Bangladesh is struggling to achieve (a) ____ status of a middle income country, it is still beset with many problems. Unemployment problem is one of (b) ____ big challenges in Bangladesh. Hundreds and thousands of highly educated people are unemployed. (c) ____ government job is like (d) ____ golden deer to the educated youth. Nearly one hundred candidates apply for (e) ____ single post. (f) ____ mentioned problem is becoming acute day by day. Some pragmatic steps need to be taken in this regard. Firstly, (g) ____ government should emphasize on technical education. Secondly, (h) ____ educated people should not only run after government jobs. Thirdly, (i) ____ job seekers need to be engaged in self-motivated jobs. We think unemployment problem will be addressed as early as possible to booster (j) ____ overall development of Bangladesh. 02. Compete the text with suitable prepositions: (0.5x10=5) It is known to all that smoking is detrimental (a) ____ health. It causes many incurable diseases. There is hardly any easy remedy (b) ____ this disease. People are aware (c) ____ the matter. Yet they stick (d) ____ this bad habit. Smoking is also injurious (e) ____ a non-smoker. Unfortunately the smokers do not think (f) ____ the non-smokers while smoking. As a result, the non-smokers fall an easy victim (g) ____ their whims. (h) ____ some cases, children become the worst sufferers because (i) ____ their parents' whimsical smoking. So the smokers should consider the adverse effect of smoking (j) ____ the non-smokers. 03. Complete the sentences with suitable words/phrases given in the box: (0.5x10=5) [ There | was born | It | would rather | had better | feel like ] [ has to | let alone | As soon as | what does ... look like ] (a) You look exhausted. You ____ take rest to refresh yourself. (b) ____ was a time when every child used to relish home-made food. (c) The man who wears a crown ____ bear the burden of responsibility. (d) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our national poet. He ____ in 1899 in a village named Churulia. (e) Nature assumes a spectacular sight during the spring. The blossom of various flowers and the sweet songs of the cuckoo touch our mind. ____ seems that everything has got a new life. (f) It is raining cats and dogs. So, Imran ____ stay at home than go to university. (g) Salma has never travelled by train, ____ by air. (h) I bought a cane of orange juice. But I ____ having a nice cool glass of lemonade. (i) The examination was going on. The students stopped writing ____ the bell rang. (j) Have you ever seen a kingfisher? ____ a kingfisher ____? 04. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases: (0.5x10=5) (a) Respect is reciprocal. You cannot expect respect from others unless ____ (b) Women constitute half of the total population of Bangladesh. No progress is possible ____ (c) Time is very precious. So, we should make the best use of time with a view to ____ (d) Corruption is the main hindrance to the development of our country. It is high time ____ (e) Early rising is beneficial to health. Those who rise ____ (f) Illiteracy is regarded as a curse. It retards ____ (g) Trees are very important for our existence. They supply oxygen without which ____ (h) There is a wise saying that united we stand, ____. So, we must be united to protect the dignity of our country. (i) Self-help is the best help. Allah helps those ____ (j) Illiteracy is a curse. If all the children of Bangladesh went to school, ____ 05. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: (0.5x10=5) Reading is really like (a) ____ (take) a flight to greater heights in pursuit of knowledge. It is a journey towards enlightment. Even if you have (b) ____ (read) one good book in your life, you (c) ____ (know) what reading (d) ____ (give). It provides you with incomparable pleasure. Read one good book and you will know what the joys of reading (e) ____ (be). Reading (f) ____ (nourish) your mind. It gives you both information and knowledge and teaches you to distinguish between the two. Reading informs you of what (g) ____ (happen) around you, helps you (h) ____ (remain) updated about what (i) ____ (change). It is through reading you understand that knowledge (j) ____ (know) no bounds and the hunger for it is insatiable. 06. Read the text and change the sentence as directed: (1x5=5) Man cannot live without water. The other name of water is life. (a) Water is polluted in many ways. (Make it complex). (b) The water which is pure is essential for our survival. (Simple). (c) Men pollute it by throwing wastes in it. (Compound) (d) The farmers of our country use water for cultivation. (Passive voice) (e) It is one of the most important elements for all living beings. (Positive). 07. Change the form of narrative style by using indirect speeches: (5) The traveller said, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes", said the peasant. "Do you want one in which you can spend the night?" "No", replied the traveller. "I only want to have my meal." 08. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following text where necessary. Re-write the sentences to make the pronoun references clear and underline the changes: (1x5=5) Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. We consider it to be our best friends. It introduces them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They are having an active voice. We can know about the thoughts and deeds of their ancestors through it. 09. Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed: (0.5x10=5) Newspapers play a (a) ____ (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) ____ (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) ____ (post-modify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Apart from reading (d) ____ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) books, one should read newspapers daily. Newspapers help one (e) ____ (use an infinitive phrase) of the world. Students can collect a lot of information (f) ____ (post-modify the noun using a present participle phrase). There are (g) ____ (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) ____ (post-modify the verb). (i) ____ (use a quantifier) newspapers present genuine news. On the other hand, some newspapers present news (j) ____ (use an adverb to post-modify the noun). 10. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following text: (0.5x10=5) Trees are a vital part of the environment. (a) ____, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) ____ we are not careful about them. (c) ____, we destroy trees at random. (d) ____, one day the country will bear the consequences of greenhouse effect. (e) ____ ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on it. (f) ____ our agriculture is dependent on rain. (g) ____, trees play a vital role on our climate. (h) ____ trees keep the soil strong. (i) ____, trees save us from flood and many other natural calamities. (j) ____. 11. Read the passage and write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: (0.5x10=5) Patriotism means loving one's own country. It is a noble virtue. It removes all sorts of meanness from human mind and makes it broad. Patriotism inspires a man to shed the last drop of blood to defend the freedom and sovereignty of his country. A man without this quality is no better than a beast. A true patriot is honoured by all. His only aim is to promote the welfare of his country and countrymen. (a) noble (antonym); (b) meanness (synonym); (c) broad (antonym); (d) inspire (antonym); (e) defend (synonym); (f) sovereignty (antonym); (g) beast (synonym); (h) honoured (antonym); (i) promote (synonym); (j) welfare (synonym). 12. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Re-write the text correcting the errors and use capital letters where necessary: (0.5x10=5) Jerry : I can chop some wood today. Writer: But Ive a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry : Im the boy. Writer: You But youre very small. Jerry : Size doesnt matter chopping wood. Ive been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. Writer: very well theres the axe. Go ahead and see what you can do. Part B - Composition (Marks-40) 13. Suppose you are a student of class XII in 'X' college located in Narayangonj. Recently your father has been transferred to Cumilla. But you want to continue your study till H.S.C examination in Narayangonj. Now, write an application to the principal of your college requesting him to sanction you a seat in the college hostel. (8) 14. Suppose you are a reporter of a reputed English daily. Now, write a report on the "Anti-Social activities of the Teen Gangs" of your locality. (8) 15. Write a paragraph showing contrast between "Early Rising and Late Rising" in 150 words. (10) 16. Write a short composition in 200 words on "Moral Degradation". (14) Key English Second Paper (Subject Code: 108) Part A - Grammar (Marks-60) 01. Fill in the blanks of the following text with articles where necessary. Some of the blanks may not require any article. Put a cross [x] in those blanks: (0.5x10=5) Though Bangladesh is struggling to achieve (a) ____ status of a middle income country, it is still beset with many problems. Unemployment problem is one of (b) ____ big challenges in Bangladesh. Hundreds and thousands of highly educated people are unemployed. (c) ____ government job is like (d) ____ golden deer to the educated youth. Nearly one hundred candidates apply for (e) ____ single post. (f) ____ mentioned problem is becoming acute day by day. Some pragmatic steps need to be taken in this regard. Firstly, (g) ____ government should emphasize on technical education. Secondly, (h) ____ educated people should not only run after government jobs. Thirdly, (i) ____ job seekers need to be engaged in self-motivated jobs. We think unemployment problem will be addressed as early as possible to booster (j) ____ overall development of Bangladesh. Answer to 01: (a) the (b) the (c) A (d) a (e) a (f) The (g) the (h) x/the (i) x/the (j) the 02. Compete the text with suitable prepositions: (0.5x10=5) It is known to all that smoking is detrimental (a) ____ health. It causes many incurable diseases. There is hardly any easy remedy (b) ____ this disease. People are aware (c) ____ the matter. Yet they stick (d) ____ this bad habit. Smoking is also injurious (e) ____ a non-smoker. Unfortunately the smokers do not think (f) ____ the non-smokers while smoking. As a result, the non-smokers fall an easy victim (g) ____ their whims. (h) ____ some cases, children become the worst sufferers because (i) ____ their parents' whimsical smoking. So the smokers should consider the adverse effect of smoking (j) ____ the non-smokers. Answer to 02: (a) to (b) for (c) of (d) to (e) to (f) of/about (g) to (h) In (i) of (j) on 03. Complete the sentences with suitable words/phrases given in the box: (0.5x10=5) [ There | was born | It | would rather | had better | feel like ] [ has to | let alone | As soon as | what does ... look like ] (a) You look exhausted. You ____ take rest to refresh yourself. (b) ____ was a time when every child used to relish home-made food. (c) The man who wears a crown ____ bear the burden of responsibility. (d) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our national poet. He ____ in 1899 in a village named Churulia. (e) Nature assumes a spectacular sight during the spring. The blossom of various flowers and the sweet songs of the cuckoo touch our mind. ____ seems that everything has got a new life. (f) It is raining cats and dogs. So, Imran ____ stay at home than go to university. (g) Salma has never travelled by train, ____ by air. (h) I bought a cane of orange juice. But I ____ having a nice cool glass of lemonade. (i) The examination was going on. The students stopped writing ____ the bell rang. (j) Have you ever seen a kingfisher? ____ a kingfisher ____? Answer to 03: (a) had better (b) There (c) has to (d) was born (e) It (f) would rather (g) let alone (h) feel like (i) as soon as (j) What does... look like 04. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases: (0.5x10=5) (a) Respect is reciprocal. You cannot expect respect from others unless ____ (b) Women constitute half of the total population of Bangladesh. No progress is possible ____ (c) Time is very precious. So, we should make the best use of time with a view to ____ (d) Corruption is the main hindrance to the development of our country. It is high time ____ (e) Early rising is beneficial to health. Those who rise ____ (f) Illiteracy is regarded as a curse. It retards ____ (g) Trees are very important for our existence. They supply oxygen without which ____ (h) There is a wise saying that united we stand, ____. So, we must be united to protect the dignity of our country. (i) Self-help is the best help. Allah helps those ____ (j) Illiteracy is a curse. If all the children of Bangladesh went to school, ____ Answer to 04: (a) you respect them (b) without their active participation (c) succeeding in life (d) we took strict measures against it / to take strict measures against it (e) early lead a healthy life (f) the overall development of a nation (g) we cannot survive (h) divided we fall (i) who help themselves (j) illiteracy would be eradicated 05. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context: (0.5x10=5) Reading is really like (a) ____ (take) a flight to greater heights in pursuit of knowledge. It is a journey towards enlightment. Even if you have (b) ____ (read) one good book in your life, you (c) ____ (know) what reading (d) ____ (give). It provides you with incomparable pleasure. Read one good book and you will know what the joys of reading (e) ____ (be). Reading (f) ____ (nourish) your mind. It gives you both information and knowledge and teaches you to distinguish between the two. Reading informs you of what (g) ____ (happen) around you, helps you (h) ____ (remain) updated about what (i) ____ (change). It is through reading you understand that knowledge (j) ____ (know) no bounds and the hunger for it is insatiable. Answer to 05: (a) taking (b) read (c) will know (d) gives (e) are (f) nourishes (g) is happening / happens (h) remain / to remain (i) is changing / changes (j) knows 06. Read the text and change the sentence as directed: (1x5=5) Man cannot live without water. The other name of water is life. (a) Water is polluted in many ways. (Make it complex). (b) The water which is pure is essential for our survival. (Simple). (c) Men pollute it by throwing wastes in it. (Compound) (d) The farmers of our country use water for cultivation. (Passive voice) (e) It is one of the most important elements for all living beings. (Positive). Answer to 06: (a) There are many ways in which water is polluted. (b) Pure water is essential for our survival. (c) Men throw wastes in it and pollute it. (d) Water is used for cultivation by the farmers of our country. (e) Very few elements are as important as it for all living beings. 07. Change the form of narrative style by using indirect speeches: (5) The traveller said, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes", said the peasant. "Do you want one in which you can spend the night?" "No", replied the traveller. "I only want to have my meal." Answer to 07: The traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel. The peasant replied in the affirmative and asked if he (the traveller) wanted one in which he could spend the night. The traveller replied in the negative and said that he only wanted to have his meal. 08. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following text where necessary. Re-write the sentences to make the pronoun references clear and underline the changes: (1x5=5) Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. We consider it to be our best friends. It introduces them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They are having an active voice. We can know about the thoughts and deeds of their ancestors through it. Answer to 08: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. We consider books to be our best friends. They introduce us to life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They are having an active voice. We can know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through books. 09. Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed: (0.5x10=5) Newspapers play a (a) ____ (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views of home and abroad. Only (b) ____ (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) ____ (post-modify the verb with infinitive) his general knowledge. Apart from reading (d) ____ (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) books, one should read newspapers daily. Newspapers help one (e) ____ (use an infinitive phrase) of the world. Students can collect a lot of information (f) ____ (post-modify the noun using a present participle phrase). There are (g) ____ (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper (h) ____ (post-modify the verb). (i) ____ (use a quantifier) newspapers present genuine news. On the other hand, some newspapers present news (j) ____ (use an adverb to post-modify the noun). Answer to 09: (a) vital (b) bookish (c) to increase / to enrich / to enhance (d) academic (e) to know the facts (f) reading newspapers (g) various / different (h) carefully / wisely (i) Many (j) falsely / incorrectly / partially 10. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following text: (0.5x10=5) Trees are a vital part of the environment. (a) ____, they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) ____ we are not careful about them. (c) ____, we destroy trees at random. (d) ____, one day the country will bear the consequences of greenhouse effect. (e) ____ ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on it. (f) ____ our agriculture is dependent on rain. (g) ____, trees play a vital role on our climate. (h) ____ trees keep the soil strong. (i) ____, trees save us from flood and many other natural calamities. (j) ____. Answer to 10: (a) Actually / In fact (b) But / Unfortunately (c) Rather (d) As a result / Consequently / As a consequence (e) As / Because (f) In fact / Actually (g) Moreover / Besides (h) For example (i) Moreover (j) Indeed 11. Read the passage and write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: (0.5x10=5) Patriotism means loving one's own country. It is a noble virtue. It removes all sorts of meanness from human mind and makes it broad. Patriotism inspires a man to shed the last drop of blood to defend the freedom and sovereignty of his country. A man without this quality is no better than a beast. A true patriot is honoured by all. His only aim is to promote the welfare of his country and countrymen. (a) noble (antonym); (b) meanness (synonym); (c) broad (antonym); (d) inspire (antonym); (e) defend (synonym); (f) sovereignty (antonym); (g) beast (synonym); (h) honoured (antonym); (i) promote (synonym); (j) welfare (synonym). Answer to 11: (a) noble (antonym): Ignoble (b) meanness (synonym): Narrow-mindedness / Malevolence / Cruelty (c) broad (antonym): Narrow / Limited (d) inspire (antonym): Discourage / Demotivate / Dispirit (e) defend (synonym): Protect / Guard / Shield (f) sovereignty (antonym): Dependence / Subjugation (g) beast (synonym): Monster (h) honoured (antonym): Dishonoured / Disrespected (i) promote (synonym): Advance / Upgrade (j) welfare (synonym): Well-being 12. There are ten errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Re-write the text correcting the errors and use capital letters where necessary: (0.5x10=5) Jerry : I can chop some wood today. Writer: But Ive a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry : Im the boy. Writer: You But youre very small. Jerry : Size doesnt matter chopping wood. Ive been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. Writer: very well theres the axe. Go ahead and see what you can do. Answer to 12: Jerry : I can chop some wood today. Writer: But I've a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry : I'm the boy. Writer: You? But you're very small. Jerry : Size doesn't matter chopping wood. I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. Writer: Very well. There's the axe. Go ahead and see what you can do . 13. 23 August 2026 The Principal, 'X' College, Narayanganj. Subject: Prayer for a seat in the college hostel. Sir, With due respect and humble submission, I would like to state that I am a regular student of class XII, Science Group, in your famous college. I have been studying here with good marks, and my attendance in class is almost 100%. My father is a government officer. Recently, he has been transferred from Narayanganj to Cumilla. Our whole family will shift to Cumilla next week. But my HSC examination is very near. It is the most important exam of my life. I have no relatives or local guardians in Narayanganj to stay with. If I move to Cumilla with my family right now, my studies will be heavily damaged. A new college and a new environment will waste a lot of my valuable time. Therefore, I urgently need a seat in your college hostel. The college hostel has a strict and quiet environment which is very good for study. If I get a seat there, I can continue my classes regularly and take good preparation for my upcoming final examination. I, therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to grant me a seat in the college hostel as early as possible and help me to continue my studies. Yours obediently, [Your Name] Class: XII Group: Science Roll No: 12 14. Alarming Rise of Teen Gangs in Narayanganj Staff Reporter, Narayanganj, 23 August 2026: The people of Narayanganj are very worried and afraid nowadays. The reason is the sudden rise of "teen gangs" in the local areas. Young boys aged between 14 and 18 are forming these dangerous groups. They are doing many bad things and destroying the peace of the society. These young boys ride motorcycles at very high speeds on the narrow streets. They make loud noises and create fear among the common people. They also stand in front of schools and colleges to tease girls. Because of this, many parents are afraid to send their daughters to school. Besides, these gang members are getting involved in taking drugs and stealing money. Sometimes, different teen gangs fight with each other using sharp weapons just to show their power. Recently, three boys were badly injured in a street fight in the Chashara area. Local people say that lack of family care and the bad use of smartphones are the main reasons for this big problem. Parents do not know where their boys go after school. When asked, the Officer-in-Charge (OC) of the local police station said, "We know about this problem. We are increasing police patrols to catch the bad boys." However, only police cannot solve this. Parents must watch their children carefully, and society must come forward to save our young generation. 15. Early Rising and Late Rising Early rising means getting up from bed early in the morning, while late rising is the exact opposite. There is a big difference between these two habits. Early rising is a very good and healthy habit. An early riser gets a lot of time to do his daily work. He can walk in the fresh morning air, which makes his body and mind highly active. He has enough time to pray, exercise, and enjoy the beautiful nature. As a result, he can finish his work perfectly without any mental stress. On the other hand, late rising is a very bad habit. A late riser misses the fresh air and the beauty of the morning. Because he gets up late, he has very little time to do his daily work. He always rushes, feels tired, and makes mistakes in his duties. He also suffers from different physical and mental diseases because of laziness. Generally, an early riser becomes successful and happy in life. But a late riser fails to reach his goals. In short, early rising is a blessing, and late rising is a curse. We all should build the habit of getting up early. 16. Degradation Moral degradation means the loss of good qualities, values, and character in human beings. It means forgetting what is right and doing what is wrong. Honesty, truthfulness, kindness, and respect for others are our moral values. When people lose these good values, it is called moral degradation. Today, it has become a very big problem in our society. There are many reasons behind this serious problem. First of all, people today are running blindly after money. They think money is everything in life. They do not care about honesty or rules. Secondly, family ties are becoming weak. Parents are very busy with their jobs and cannot give enough time to teach good things to their children. Thirdly, the bad use of the internet, social media, and mobile phones is destroying the character of young people. Finally, the lack of religious and moral education in schools is a major cause of this downfall. The effects of moral degradation are very dangerous. Because of this, crimes like murder, stealing, and kidnapping are increasing every day. People are taking bribes and telling lies without feeling guilty. Young boys are taking drugs and losing respect for their parents and teachers. The peaceful environment of the society is completely destroyed. People cannot trust each other anymore. We must solve this problem as soon as possible to save our nation. Parents must spend quality time with their children and teach them good manners from childhood. Schools and colleges must focus on moral education, not just passing exams. If we can bring back our moral values, our society will be a beautiful, safe, and peaceful place to live in. HSC English Second Paper — Set 1 প্রশ্নভিত্তিক বাংলা অনুবাদ ও ব্যাখ্যা Part A — Grammar (Marks: 60) ১. Articles প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: নিচের অনুচ্ছেদের শূন্যস্থানগুলোতে প্রয়োজনীয় article (a, an, the) বসাও। কোনো স্থানে article প্রয়োজন না হলে X লেখো। বাংলা অনুবাদ: বাংলাদেশ মধ্যম আয়ের দেশের মর্যাদা অর্জনের জন্য চেষ্টা করছে, তবু দেশটি এখনও অনেক সমস্যায় জর্জরিত। বেকারত্ব বাংলাদেশের বড় চ্যালেঞ্জগুলোর একটি। লাখ লাখ উচ্চশিক্ষিত মানুষ বেকার। শিক্ষিত তরুণদের কাছে সরকারি চাকরি যেন সোনার হরিণ। একটি পদের জন্য প্রায় একশজন প্রার্থী আবেদন করেন। উল্লিখিত সমস্যাটি দিন দিন তীব্র হচ্ছে। এ বিষয়ে কিছু বাস্তবসম্মত পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া দরকার। প্রথমত, সরকারকে কারিগরি শিক্ষার ওপর গুরুত্ব দিতে হবে। দ্বিতীয়ত, শিক্ষিত মানুষদের শুধু সরকারি চাকরির পেছনে ছোটা উচিত নয়। তৃতীয়ত, চাকরিপ্রার্থীদের স্বনির্ভর কর্মে যুক্ত হতে হবে। আমরা মনে করি, বাংলাদেশের সামগ্রিক উন্নয়ন ত্বরান্বিত করতে বেকারত্বের সমস্যার দ্রুত সমাধান হবে। উত্তরসূচি: (a) the (b) the (c) a (d) a (e) a (f) the (g) the (h) X/the (i) X/the (j) the প্রশ্ন: (a) achieve ___ status of a middle income country উত্তর: the ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট মর্যাদা বোঝাতে ‘the status’ ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: (b) one of ___ big challenges উত্তর: the ব্যাখ্যা: গঠনটি হলো ‘one of the + plural noun’। প্রশ্ন: (c) ___ government job উত্তর: A ব্যাখ্যা: একটি সরকারি চাকরি বোঝাতে singular countable noun-এর আগে ‘a’। প্রশ্ন: (d) like ___ golden deer উত্তর: a ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Golden deer’ এখানে একটি উপমা; একবচন গণনাযোগ্য noun-এর আগে ‘a’। প্রশ্ন: (e) apply for ___ single post উত্তর: a ব্যাখ্যা: একটি পদের কথা বলা হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: (f) ___ mentioned problem উত্তর: The ব্যাখ্যা: আগে উল্লেখ করা নির্দিষ্ট সমস্যাকে বোঝায়। প্রশ্ন: (g) ___ government should emphasize উত্তর: the ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে দেশের সরকারকে নির্দিষ্টভাবে বোঝানো হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: (h) ___ educated people should not only run after government jobs উত্তর: X / the ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণভাবে শিক্ষিত মানুষ বোঝালে article বাদ যায়; নির্দিষ্ট গোষ্ঠী বোঝালে ‘the’ হতে পারে। প্রশ্ন: (i) ___ job seekers need to be engaged উত্তর: X / the ব্যাখ্যা: সাধারণ অর্থে ‘job seekers’-এর আগে article লাগে না; নির্দিষ্ট গোষ্ঠী হলে ‘the’ সম্ভব। প্রশ্ন: (j) boost ___ overall development উত্তর: the ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট সামগ্রিক উন্নয়ন বোঝাতে ‘the’ ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। মনে রাখবে: ‘one of the + plural noun’, ‘the mentioned…’, ‘a + singular countable noun’—এগুলো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরীক্ষার গঠন। ২. Prepositions প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: উপযুক্ত preposition দিয়ে অনুচ্ছেদের শূন্যস্থান পূরণ করো। বাংলা অনুবাদ: ধূমপান স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ক্ষতিকর—এ কথা সবার জানা। এটি বহু দুরারোগ্য রোগ সৃষ্টি করে। এ সমস্যার সহজ কোনো প্রতিকার নেই বললেই চলে। মানুষ বিষয়টি সম্পর্কে সচেতন। তবুও তারা এই খারাপ অভ্যাসে লেগে থাকে। ধূমপান অধূমপায়ীদের জন্যও ক্ষতিকর। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, ধূমপায়ীরা ধূমপানের সময় অধূমপায়ীদের কথা ভাবে না। ফলে অধূমপায়ীরা তাদের খেয়ালখুশির সহজ শিকারে পরিণত হয়। কিছু ক্ষেত্রে শিশুেরা সবচেয়ে বেশি ভোগান্তির শিকার হয়, কারণ তাদের বাবা-মা ইচ্ছেমতো ধূমপান করেন। তাই ধূমপায়ীদের অধূমপায়ীদের ওপর ধূমপানের বিরূপ প্রভাব বিবেচনা করা উচিত। উত্তর: (a) to (b) for (c) of (d) to (e) to (f) of/about (g) to (h) In (i) of (j) on · detrimental to — কোনো কিছুর জন্য ক্ষতিকর · remedy for — কোনো কিছুর প্রতিকার · aware of — সম্পর্কে সচেতন · stick to — কোনো অভ্যাস/সিদ্ধান্তে লেগে থাকা · injurious to — ক্ষতিকর · think of/about — সম্পর্কে ভাবা · a victim to — কোনো কিছুর শিকার · in some cases — কিছু ক্ষেত্রে · because of — কারণে · effect on — ওপর প্রভাব ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition অনেক সময় নির্দিষ্ট শব্দের সঙ্গে স্থিরভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়; তাই শুধু বাংলা অর্থ নয়, phrase-সহ মুখস্থ করা ভালো। ৩. Suitable words/phrases from the box প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: বাক্সে দেওয়া শব্দ/phrase থেকে উপযুক্তটি বসিয়ে বাক্যগুলো সম্পূর্ণ করো। উত্তর: (a) had better (b) There (c) has to (d) was born (e) It (f) would rather (g) let alone (h) feel like (i) as soon as (j) What does … look like (a) You look exhausted. You had better take rest to refresh yourself. বাংলা অনুবাদ: তোমাকে খুব ক্লান্ত দেখাচ্ছে। সতেজ হতে তোমার বিশ্রাম নেওয়াই ভালো। ব্যাখ্যা: had better + base verb = কোনো কাজ করা ভালো/উচিত। (b) There was a time when every child used to relish home-made food. বাংলা অনুবাদ: একসময় এমন ছিল, যখন প্রতিটি শিশু ঘরে তৈরি খাবার খুব উপভোগ করত। ব্যাখ্যা: There was a time when = এমন এক সময় ছিল যখন। (c) The man who wears a crown has to bear the burden of responsibility. বাংলা অনুবাদ: যে ব্যক্তি মুকুট পরেন, তাঁকে দায়িত্বের বোঝা বহন করতে হয়। ব্যাখ্যা: has to = করতে হয়/বাধ্য। (d) Kazi Nazrul Islam … was born in 1899. বাংলা অনুবাদ: কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ব্যাখ্যা: was born = জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। (e) It seems that everything has got a new life. বাংলা অনুবাদ: মনে হয় সবকিছু নতুন জীবন পেয়েছে। ব্যাখ্যা: It seems that = মনে হয় যে। (f) Imran would rather stay at home than go to university. বাংলা অনুবাদ: ইমরান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে যাওয়ার চেয়ে বাড়িতে থাকতেই বেশি পছন্দ করবে। ব্যাখ্যা: would rather A than B = B-এর চেয়ে A করতে বেশি পছন্দ করা। (g) Salma has never travelled by train, let alone by air. বাংলা অনুবাদ: সালমা কখনো ট্রেনে ভ্রমণ করেনি, বিমানে ভ্রমণ তো আরও দূরের কথা। ব্যাখ্যা: let alone = তো আরও দূরের কথা। (h) I bought orange juice, but I feel like having lemonade. বাংলা অনুবাদ: আমি কমলার জুস কিনেছিলাম, কিন্তু এখন ঠান্ডা লেবুর শরবত খেতে ইচ্ছা করছে। ব্যাখ্যা: feel like + noun/verb-ing = ইচ্ছা হওয়া। (i) The students stopped writing as soon as the bell rang. বাংলা অনুবাদ: ঘণ্টা বাজামাত্র শিক্ষার্থীরা লেখা বন্ধ করল। ব্যাখ্যা: as soon as = যেই মাত্র/করামাত্র। (j) What does a kingfisher look like? বাংলা অনুবাদ: মাছরাঙা দেখতে কেমন? ব্যাখ্যা: What does … look like? = দেখতে কেমন? ৪. Completing sentences with clauses/phrases প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: উপযুক্ত clause বা phrase দিয়ে বাক্যগুলো সম্পূর্ণ করো। (a) Respect is reciprocal. You cannot expect respect from others unless you respect them. বাংলা অনুবাদ: সম্মান পারস্পরিক। তুমি অন্যদের সম্মান না করলে তাদের কাছ থেকে সম্মান আশা করতে পারো না। ব্যাখ্যা: unless = যদি না; এর পরে শর্ত বোঝানো হয়েছে। (b) No progress is possible without their active participation. বাংলা অনুবাদ: নারীদের সক্রিয় অংশগ্রহণ ছাড়া কোনো অগ্রগতি সম্ভব নয়। ব্যাখ্যা: without + noun phrase = ছাড়া। (c) … with a view to succeeding in life. বাংলা অনুবাদ: জীবনে সফল হওয়ার উদ্দেশ্যে সময়ের সর্বোত্তম ব্যবহার করা উচিত। ব্যাখ্যা: with a view to-এর পরে noun বা verb-ing আসে। (d) It is high time we took strict measures against it. বাংলা অনুবাদ: দুর্নীতির বিরুদ্ধে কঠোর ব্যবস্থা নেওয়ার এখনই উপযুক্ত সময়। ব্যাখ্যা: It is high time-এর পরে সাধারণত past form ব্যবহৃত হয়; বিকল্প infinitive কাঠামো প্রশ্নের উত্তরসূচিতে দেওয়া আছে। (e) Those who rise early lead a healthy life. বাংলা অনুবাদ: যারা সকালে তাড়াতাড়ি ওঠে, তারা সুস্থ জীবনযাপন করে। ব্যাখ্যা: Those who = যারা। (f) It retards the overall development of a nation. বাংলা অনুবাদ: এটি একটি জাতির সামগ্রিক উন্নয়নকে বাধাগ্রস্ত করে। ব্যাখ্যা: retard = ধীর/ব্যাহত করা। (g) … without which we cannot survive. বাংলা অনুবাদ: গাছ আমাদের অক্সিজেন দেয়, যা ছাড়া আমরা বাঁচতে পারি না। ব্যাখ্যা: without which পূর্ববর্তী oxygen-কে নির্দেশ করে। (h) United we stand, divided we fall. বাংলা অনুবাদ: ঐক্যবদ্ধ থাকলে আমরা টিকে থাকি, বিভক্ত হলে পতন ঘটে। ব্যাখ্যা: এটি একটি প্রচলিত প্রবাদ। (i) Allah helps those who help themselves. বাংলা অনুবাদ: আল্লাহ তাদের সাহায্য করেন, যারা নিজেদের সাহায্য নিজেরাই করে। ব্যাখ্যা: who help themselves relative clause-টি those-কে বর্ণনা করে। (j) If all the children of Bangladesh went to school, illiteracy would be eradicated. বাংলা অনুবাদ: বাংলাদেশের সব শিশু স্কুলে গেলে নিরক্ষরতা দূর হতো। ব্যাখ্যা: এটি second conditional: If + past simple, would + base verb। ৫. Right form of verbs প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: subject ও context অনুযায়ী verb-এর সঠিক রূপ বসাও। বাংলা অনুবাদ: পড়া যেন জ্ঞানের উচ্চতর শিখরে পৌঁছানোর জন্য একটি উড়ান নেওয়ার মতো। এটি জ্ঞানের সন্ধানে এক যাত্রা। জীবনে অন্তত একটি ভালো বই পড়ে থাকলেও তুমি বুঝতে পারবে, পড়া কী দেয়। এটি অতুলনীয় আনন্দ দেয়। একটি ভালো বই পড়লেই পড়ার আনন্দ বোঝা যায়। পড়া মনকে পুষ্ট করে। এটি তথ্য ও জ্ঞান—দুটিই দেয় এবং এদের পার্থক্য বুঝতে শেখায়। পড়া আমাদের চারপাশে কী ঘটছে তা জানায়, কী পরিবর্তন হচ্ছে সে সম্পর্কে হালনাগাদ থাকতে সাহায্য করে। পড়ার মাধ্যমেই বোঝা যায় যে জ্ঞানের কোনো সীমা নেই এবং জ্ঞানের ক্ষুধা অতৃপ্ত। উত্তরসূচি: (a) taking (b) read (c) will know (d) gives (e) are (f) nourishes (g) is happening / happens (h) remain / to remain (i) is changing / changes (j) knows · (a) like taking — like-এর পরে এখানে gerund (verb-ing) এসেছে। · (b) have read — present perfect: have + past participle; read-এর past participle বানান read-ই থাকে। · (c) will know — if/even if-সহ future অর্থ প্রকাশিত হয়েছে। · (d) gives — what reading gives-এ reading একবচন subject, তাই gives। · (e) are — joys বহুবচন, তাই are। · (f) nourishes — Reading এখানে gerund phrase হিসেবে একবচন subject। · (g) is happening / happens — চলমান ঘটনা বোঝালে is happening; সাধারণ সত্য/নিয়মিত ঘটনা বোঝালে happens। · (h) remain / to remain — help-এর পরে bare infinitive বা to-infinitive দুটিই গ্রহণযোগ্য। · (i) is changing / changes — পরিবর্তন চলমান হলে is changing; সাধারণ প্রবণতা হলে changes। · (j) knows — knowledge একবচন subject; “knowledge knows no bounds” একটি প্রচলিত অভিব্যক্তি। ৬. Sentence transformation প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: নির্দেশ অনুযায়ী বাক্যগুলোর রূপ পরিবর্তন করো। (a) Water is polluted in many ways. (Complex) উত্তর: There are many ways in which water is polluted. বাংলা অর্থ: পানি যেসব উপায়ে দূষিত হয়, তার অনেকগুলো রয়েছে। ব্যাখ্যা: মূল বাক্যকে “in which” relative clause-সহ complex sentence করা হয়েছে। (b) The water which is pure is essential for our survival. (Simple) উত্তর: Pure water is essential for our survival. বাংলা অর্থ: বিশুদ্ধ পানি আমাদের বেঁচে থাকার জন্য অপরিহার্য। ব্যাখ্যা: “which is pure” clause-কে adjective “pure” দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে। (c) Men pollute it by throwing wastes in it. (Compound) উত্তর: Men throw wastes in it and pollute it. বাংলা অর্থ: মানুষ এতে বর্জ্য ফেলে এবং একে দূষিত করে। ব্যাখ্যা: দুটি সমমানের verb phrase-কে and দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। (d) The farmers of our country use water for cultivation. (Passive) উত্তর: Water is used for cultivation by the farmers of our country. বাংলা অর্থ: আমাদের দেশের কৃষকেরা চাষাবাদের জন্য পানি ব্যবহার করেন। ব্যাখ্যা: Present simple active: subject + base verb; passive: object + is/am/are + past participle। (e) It is one of the most important elements for all living beings. (Positive) উত্তর: Very few elements are as important as it for all living beings. বাংলা অর্থ: সব জীবের জন্য এর মতো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উপাদান খুব কমই আছে। ব্যাখ্যা: Superlative-কে positive degree-তে “Very few … as … as” গঠনে রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে। ৭. Narration: Direct to Indirect Speech প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তিকে পরোক্ষ উক্তিতে পরিবর্তন করো। Direct speech: The traveller said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?” “Yes,” said the peasant. “Do you want one in which you can spend the night?” “No,” replied the traveller. “I only want to have my meal.” Indirect speech: The traveller asked the peasant if he could tell him the way to the nearest hotel. The peasant replied in the affirmative and asked if he (the traveller) wanted one in which he could spend the night. The traveller replied in the negative and said that he only wanted to have his meal. বাংলা অনুবাদ: পথিক কৃষককে জিজ্ঞেস করল, তিনি তাকে নিকটতম হোটেলে যাওয়ার পথ বলতে পারবেন কি না। কৃষক ইতিবাচক উত্তর দিয়ে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, পথিক এমন কোনো হোটেল চান কি না যেখানে রাত কাটাতে পারবেন। পথিক নেতিবাচক উত্তর দিয়ে বলল, সে শুধু খাবার খেতে চায়। ব্যাখ্যা: প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে asked if/whether ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে; yes/no উত্তরকে replied in the affirmative/negative করা হয়েছে। Reporting verb অতীতে থাকায় প্রয়োজনমতো tense ও pronoun পরিবর্তন করা হয়। ৮. Unclear pronoun references প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: অস্পষ্ট pronoun reference শনাক্ত করো এবং pronoun-এর নির্দেশ স্পষ্ট করে বাক্যগুলো পুনরায় লেখো। পরিবর্তনগুলো underline করতে বলা হয়েছে। সংশোধিত অনুচ্ছেদ: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. We consider books to be our best friends. They introduce us to life and the world. Books are the mirrors of the past, present and even future. They have an active voice. We can know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through books. বাংলা অনুবাদ: বই হলো এমন মাধ্যম, যার সাহায্যে মানুষ বিশ্বের জ্ঞানী ও মহান ব্যক্তিদের সঙ্গে যেন কথোপকথন করে। আমরা বইকে আমাদের সেরা বন্ধু মনে করি। বই আমাদের জীবন ও পৃথিবীর সঙ্গে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেয়। বই অতীত, বর্তমান, এমনকি ভবিষ্যতেরও দর্পণ। বইয়ের একটি সক্রিয় কণ্ঠস্বর রয়েছে। বইয়ের মাধ্যমে আমরা আমাদের পূর্বপুরুষদের চিন্তা ও কাজ সম্পর্কে জানতে পারি। ব্যাখ্যা: মূল লেখায় “it”, “they”, “them” এবং “their” কোন noun-কে নির্দেশ করছে তা সব সময় স্পষ্ট নয়। “Books” বহুবচন হওয়ায় এর জন্য “they” উপযুক্ত; “our ancestors” বললে পূর্বপুরুষ কারা, তা পরিষ্কার হয়। “They are having an active voice” বাক্যাংশটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে অস্বাভাবিক; এখানে উৎসের ভাব বজায় রেখে “They have an active voice” লেখা হয়েছে। ৯. Modifiers প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: নির্দেশ অনুযায়ী pre-modifier, post-modifier, infinitive phrase বা quantifier ব্যবহার করে শূন্যস্থান পূরণ করো। উত্তরসূচি: (a) vital (b) bookish (c) to increase / to enrich / to enhance (d) academic (e) to know the facts (f) reading newspapers (g) various / different (h) carefully / wisely (i) Many (j) falsely / incorrectly / partially সম্পূর্ণ অনুচ্ছেদ: Newspapers play a vital role in modern civilization. They publish news and views of home and abroad. Only bookish knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man to increase his general knowledge. Apart from reading academic books, one should read newspapers daily. Newspapers help one to know the facts of the world. Students can collect a lot of information reading newspapers. There are various kinds of newspapers. One should select the newspaper wisely. Many newspapers present genuine news. On the other hand, some newspapers present news falsely. বাংলা অনুবাদ: আধুনিক সভ্যতায় সংবাদপত্র গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। এতে দেশ-বিদেশের খবর ও মতামত প্রকাশিত হয়। প্রতিযোগিতামূলক এই পৃথিবীতে শুধু বইয়ের জ্ঞান যথেষ্ট নয়। সংবাদপত্র মানুষের সাধারণ জ্ঞান বাড়াতে সাহায্য করে। পাঠ্য/একাডেমিক বই পড়ার পাশাপাশি প্রতিদিন সংবাদপত্র পড়া উচিত। সংবাদপত্র বিশ্বের বাস্তব তথ্য জানতে সাহায্য করে। সংবাদপত্র পড়ে শিক্ষার্থীরা অনেক তথ্য সংগ্রহ করতে পারে। বিভিন্ন ধরনের সংবাদপত্র রয়েছে। বিচক্ষণতার সঙ্গে সংবাদপত্র বেছে নেওয়া উচিত। অনেক সংবাদপত্র সত্য সংবাদ প্রকাশ করে; অন্যদিকে কিছু সংবাদপত্র ভুলভাবে সংবাদ প্রকাশ করে। ব্যাখ্যা: (a) vital noun “role”-কে বর্ণনা করছে; (c) infinitive “to increase” verb “helps”-এর উদ্দেশ্য বোঝায়; (i) many হলো quantifier। “It publishes” বদলে “They publish” করা হয়েছে, কারণ newspapers বহুবচন। ১০. Sentence connectors প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: উপযুক্ত sentence connector দিয়ে অনুচ্ছেদের শূন্যস্থান পূরণ করো। প্রদত্ত উত্তরসূচি: (a) Actually / In fact (b) But / Unfortunately (c) Rather (d) As a result / Consequently / As a consequence (e) As / Because (f) In fact / Actually (g) Moreover / Besides (h) For example (i) Moreover (j) Indeed বাংলা অনুবাদ—মূল ভাব: গাছ পরিবেশের অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ এবং জলবায়ুর ওপর বড় প্রভাব ফেলে। আমরা যদি গাছের ব্যাপারে সতর্ক না হই এবং নির্বিচারে গাছ কাটি, তাহলে একদিন গ্রিনহাউস প্রভাবের পরিণতি ভোগ করতে হবে। বাংলাদেশ কৃষিপ্রধান দেশ হওয়ায় অর্থনীতি কৃষির ওপর নির্ভরশীল; আর কৃষি বৃষ্টির ওপর নির্ভর করে। গাছ জলবায়ুর ভারসাম্য রক্ষা করে, মাটিকে শক্তভাবে ধরে রাখে এবং বন্যাসহ নানা প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ থেকে আমাদের রক্ষা করে। তাই গাছ সংরক্ষণ করা জরুরি। ব্যাখ্যা: Actually/In fact = প্রকৃতপক্ষে; as a result/consequently = ফলস্বরূপ; moreover/besides = তাছাড়া; for example = উদাহরণস্বরূপ; indeed = সত্যিই/নিশ্চয়ই। সম্পাদনা-সতর্কতা: মূল প্রশ্নে (b) “If we are not careful about them” বাক্যাংশের আগে connector বসানোর বিন্যাসটি অসম্পূর্ণ/অস্বাভাবিক। তাই উত্তরসূচির connector-গুলো সম্ভাব্য উত্তর হিসেবে দেওয়া হয়েছে; চূড়ান্ত ব্যবহার করার আগে মূল প্রশ্নপত্রের মুদ্রণ যাচাই করা ভালো। ১১. Synonyms and antonyms: Patriotism প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: নির্দেশ অনুযায়ী শব্দগুলোর বিপরীতার্থক বা সমার্থক শব্দ লেখো। অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা অনুবাদ: দেশপ্রেম বলতে নিজের দেশকে ভালোবাসাকে বোঝায়। এটি একটি মহৎ গুণ। দেশপ্রেম মানুষের মন থেকে সব ধরনের সংকীর্ণতা দূর করে এবং মনকে উদার করে। দেশপ্রেম মানুষকে দেশের স্বাধীনতা ও সার্বভৌমত্ব রক্ষার জন্য শেষ রক্তবিন্দু পর্যন্ত ত্যাগ স্বীকারে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। এই গুণহীন মানুষ পশুর চেয়ে ভালো নয়। একজন প্রকৃত দেশপ্রেমিক সবার কাছে সম্মানিত হন। তাঁর একমাত্র লক্ষ্য দেশের ও দেশবাসীর কল্যাণ সাধন করা। · (a) noble (antonym) — ignoble = মহৎ-এর বিপরীত, নীচ/অমহৎ। · (b) meanness (synonym) — narrow-mindedness = সংকীর্ণতা। · (c) broad (antonym) — narrow / limited = সংকীর্ণ/সীমিত। · (d) inspire (antonym) — discourage / demotivate = নিরুৎসাহিত করা। · (e) defend (synonym) — protect / guard / shield = রক্ষা করা। · (f) sovereignty (antonym) — subjugation / dependence = পরাধীনতা/নির্ভরশীলতা। · (g) beast (synonym) — animal / brute; “monster” কিছু প্রসঙ্গে সম্ভব, তবে সরাসরি সমার্থক হিসেবে “animal” বেশি স্বাভাবিক। · (h) honoured (antonym) — dishonoured / disrespected = অসম্মানিত। · (i) promote (synonym) — advance / foster = উন্নীত করা/উন্নয়নে সহায়তা করা। · (j) welfare (synonym) — well-being = কল্যাণ/মঙ্গল। পরীক্ষার টিপস: synonym/antonym-এ শব্দের প্রসঙ্গ বিবেচনা করো। “meanness” সব প্রসঙ্গে “cruelty” নয়; এই অনুচ্ছেদে “narrow-mindedness” অর্থটি বেশি মানানসই। ১২. Punctuation and capitalization প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: অনুচ্ছেদে যতিচিহ্নের দশটি ভুল আছে। সেগুলো সংশোধন করে এবং প্রয়োজনীয় বড় হাতের অক্ষর ব্যবহার করে অনুচ্ছেদটি পুনরায় লেখো। সংশোধিত পাঠ: Jerry: I can chop some wood today.Writer: But I’ve a boy coming from the orphanage.Jerry: I’m the boy.Writer: You? But you’re very small.Jerry: Size doesn’t matter in chopping wood. I’ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time.Writer: Very well. There’s the axe. Go ahead and see what you can do. বাংলা অনুবাদ: জেরি: আজ আমি কিছু কাঠ কাটতে পারি। লেখক: কিন্তু এতিমখানা থেকে একটি ছেলে আসছে। জেরি: আমিই সেই ছেলে। লেখক: তুমি? কিন্তু তুমি তো খুব ছোট! জেরি: কাঠ কাটার ক্ষেত্রে আকার বড় কথা নয়। আমি অনেক দিন ধরে এতিমখানায় কাঠ কাটছি। লেখক: বেশ, এই যে কুঠার। এগিয়ে যাও এবং কী করতে পারো দেখাও। ব্যাখ্যা: Jerry ও Writer-এর পর colon (:) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে; I’ve, I’m, doesn’t ও you’re-এ apostrophe বসে; “You?” প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্নে শেষ হয়েছে; নতুন বাক্যের শুরুতে capital letter এবং বাক্যের শেষে যথাযথ punctuation দরকার। উৎসের “Size doesn’t matter chopping wood” বাক্যে অর্থ স্পষ্ট করতে “in chopping wood” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। Part B — Composition ১৩. Application: Prayer for a seat in the college hostel প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: কলেজের হোস্টেলে একটি আসনের জন্য অধ্যক্ষের কাছে আবেদনপত্র লেখো। আবেদনপত্রের বাংলা অনুবাদ তারিখ: ২৩ আগস্ট ২০২৬প্রাপক: অধ্যক্ষ, ‘X’ কলেজ, নারায়ণগঞ্জবিষয়: কলেজের হোস্টেলে একটি আসনের জন্য আবেদন। মহোদয়,যথাযথ সম্মান ও বিনীত নিবেদনের সঙ্গে জানাচ্ছি যে, আমি আপনার স্বনামধন্য কলেজের দ্বাদশ শ্রেণির বিজ্ঞান বিভাগের নিয়মিত শিক্ষার্থী। আমি ভালো ফলাফল নিয়ে এখানে পড়াশোনা করছি এবং শ্রেণিতে আমার উপস্থিতি প্রায় শতভাগ। আমার বাবা একজন সরকারি কর্মকর্তা। সম্প্রতি তাঁকে নারায়ণগঞ্জ থেকে কুমিল্লায় বদলি করা হয়েছে। আগামী সপ্তাহে আমাদের পুরো পরিবার কুমিল্লায় চলে যাবে। কিন্তু আমার এইচএসসি পরীক্ষা খুব নিকটে। এটি আমার জীবনের অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরীক্ষা। নারায়ণগঞ্জে থাকার মতো কোনো আত্মীয় বা স্থানীয় অভিভাবক আমার নেই। এখন পরিবারের সঙ্গে কুমিল্লায় চলে গেলে আমার পড়াশোনা মারাত্মকভাবে ব্যাহত হবে। নতুন কলেজ ও নতুন পরিবেশে মানিয়ে নিতে আমার মূল্যবান সময় নষ্ট হবে। তাই আমার জরুরিভাবে কলেজের হোস্টেলে একটি আসন প্রয়োজন। হোস্টেলের নিয়মশৃঙ্খলাপূর্ণ ও শান্ত পরিবেশ পড়াশোনার জন্য উপযোগী। সেখানে আসন পেলে আমি নিয়মিত ক্লাস করতে এবং আসন্ন চূড়ান্ত পরীক্ষার ভালো প্রস্তুতি নিতে পারব। অতএব, আমাকে যত দ্রুত সম্ভব কলেজের হোস্টেলে একটি আসন দিয়ে পড়াশোনা অব্যাহত রাখতে সাহায্য করলে আপনার প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞ থাকব।বিনীত,[আপনার নাম]শ্রেণি: দ্বাদশবিভাগ: বিজ্ঞানরোল: ১২ ব্যাখ্যা: আবেদনপত্রে প্রাপকের পরিচয়, বিষয়, বিনীত সম্বোধন, সমস্যার কারণ, অনুরোধ এবং আনুষ্ঠানিক সমাপ্তি ধারাবাহিকভাবে থাকা জরুরি। ১৪. Report: Alarming Rise of Teen Gangs in Narayanganj প্রতিবেদনের বাংলা অনুবাদ নারায়ণগঞ্জে কিশোর গ্যাংয়ের উদ্বেগজনক বৃদ্ধিস্টাফ রিপোর্টার, নারায়ণগঞ্জ, ২৩ আগস্ট ২০২৬ বর্তমানে নারায়ণগঞ্জের মানুষ খুব উদ্বিগ্ন ও ভীত। স্থানীয় এলাকায় “কিশোর গ্যাং”-এর আকস্মিক বৃদ্ধি এর কারণ। ১৪ থেকে ১৮ বছর বয়সী কিশোরেরা এসব বিপজ্জনক দল গঠন করছে। তারা নানা অপকর্ম করছে এবং সমাজের শান্তি নষ্ট করছে। এই কিশোরেরা সরু রাস্তায় অত্যন্ত দ্রুতগতিতে মোটরসাইকেল চালায়। তারা উচ্চ শব্দ করে এবং সাধারণ মানুষের মধ্যে ভীতি সৃষ্টি করে। তারা স্কুল-কলেজের সামনে দাঁড়িয়ে মেয়েদের উত্ত্যক্তও করে। এ কারণে অনেক অভিভাবক তাঁদের মেয়েদের স্কুলে পাঠাতে ভয় পান। এ ছাড়া গ্যাংয়ের সদস্যরা মাদক গ্রহণ ও টাকা চুরির মতো কাজে জড়িয়ে পড়ছে। কখনো ক্ষমতা দেখানোর জন্য বিভিন্ন কিশোর গ্যাং ধারালো অস্ত্র নিয়ে একে অন্যের সঙ্গে সংঘর্ষে জড়ায়। সম্প্রতি চাষাড়া এলাকায় রাস্তার সংঘর্ষে তিনজন কিশোর গুরুতর আহত হয়েছে। স্থানীয় লোকজনের মতে, পারিবারিক তত্ত্বাবধানের অভাব ও স্মার্টফোনের অপব্যবহার এ সমস্যার প্রধান কারণ। স্কুলের পর তাঁদের ছেলেরা কোথায় যায়, অনেক অভিভাবক তা জানেন না। এ বিষয়ে স্থানীয় থানার ভারপ্রাপ্ত কর্মকর্তা বলেছেন, পুলিশ সমস্যাটি সম্পর্কে জানে এবং অপরাধপ্রবণ কিশোরদের ধরতে টহল বাড়াচ্ছে। তবে শুধু পুলিশের পক্ষে এ সমস্যার সমাধান সম্ভব নয়। অভিভাবকদের সন্তানদের প্রতি সতর্ক নজর রাখতে হবে এবং তরুণ প্রজন্মকে রক্ষায় সমাজের সবাইকে এগিয়ে আসতে হবে। ব্যাখ্যা: প্রতিবেদন লেখায় শিরোনাম, প্রতিবেদকের পরিচয়/স্থান/তারিখ, ঘটনার বিবরণ, কারণ, প্রভাব এবং সম্ভাব্য করণীয় থাকে। এটি উৎসের দেওয়া প্রতিবেদনের বাংলা অনুবাদ; বাইরের তথ্য যোগ করা হয়নি। ১৫. Composition: Early Rising and Late Rising রচনার বাংলা অনুবাদ ভোরে ওঠা বলতে সকালে তাড়াতাড়ি ঘুম থেকে ওঠাকে বোঝায়, আর দেরিতে ওঠা এর সম্পূর্ণ বিপরীত। এই দুটি অভ্যাসের মধ্যে বড় পার্থক্য রয়েছে। ভোরে ওঠা একটি ভালো ও স্বাস্থ্যকর অভ্যাস। যে ব্যক্তি ভোরে ওঠে, সে দৈনন্দিন কাজ করার জন্য অনেক সময় পায়। সে সকালের নির্মল বাতাসে হাঁটতে পারে, যা তার শরীর ও মনকে সতেজ করে। তার প্রার্থনা, ব্যায়াম এবং সুন্দর প্রকৃতি উপভোগ করারও যথেষ্ট সময় থাকে। ফলে সে মানসিক চাপ ছাড়াই কাজ ভালোভাবে শেষ করতে পারে। অন্যদিকে, দেরিতে ওঠা একটি খারাপ অভ্যাস। দেরিতে ওঠা ব্যক্তি সকালের নির্মল বাতাস ও সৌন্দর্য উপভোগ করার সুযোগ হারায়। দেরিতে ওঠার কারণে দৈনন্দিন কাজের জন্য তার হাতে খুব কম সময় থাকে। তাকে সব সময় তাড়াহুড়ো করতে হয়; সে ক্লান্ত বোধ করে এবং কাজে ভুল করে। অলসতার কারণে তার বিভিন্ন শারীরিক ও মানসিক সমস্যাও হতে পারে। সাধারণত, ভোরে ওঠা ব্যক্তি জীবনে সফল ও সুখী হয়, কিন্তু দেরিতে ওঠা ব্যক্তি নিজের লক্ষ্য অর্জনে ব্যর্থ হতে পারে। সংক্ষেপে, ভোরে ওঠা আশীর্বাদ, আর দেরিতে ওঠা অভিশাপ। আমাদের সবারই ভোরে ওঠার অভ্যাস গড়ে তোলা উচিত। মূল বক্তব্য: সময়ের সদ্ব্যবহার, স্বাস্থ্য ও নিয়মশৃঙ্খলার জন্য ভোরে ওঠার অভ্যাস উপকারী। সম্পাদনা-নোট: মূল লেখায় দেরিতে ওঠার সঙ্গে রোগের সম্পর্কটি সাধারণীকৃতভাবে বলা হয়েছে; বাস্তবে স্বাস্থ্য নির্ভর করে ঘুমের পর্যাপ্ততা, নিয়মিততা ও সামগ্রিক জীবনযাপনের ওপরও। ১৬. Composition: Moral Degradation রচনার বাংলা অনুবাদ নৈতিক অবক্ষয় বলতে মানুষের ভালো গুণ, মূল্যবোধ ও চরিত্রের অবনতি বোঝায়। এর অর্থ হলো সঠিক কাজ ভুলে গিয়ে ভুল কাজ করা। সততা, সত্যবাদিতা, দয়া এবং অন্যের প্রতি সম্মান আমাদের নৈতিক মূল্যবোধ। মানুষ যখন এসব ভালো গুণ হারায়, তখন তাকে নৈতিক অবক্ষয় বলা হয়। বর্তমানে এটি আমাদের সমাজের একটি বড় সমস্যা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। এই গুরুতর সমস্যার পেছনে অনেক কারণ রয়েছে। প্রথমত, মানুষ আজ অন্ধভাবে অর্থের পেছনে ছুটছে। তারা মনে করে, জীবনে অর্থই সবকিছু। সততা বা নিয়মের প্রতি তারা গুরুত্ব দেয় না। দ্বিতীয়ত, পারিবারিক বন্ধন দুর্বল হয়ে পড়ছে। বাবা-মা কাজ নিয়ে ব্যস্ত থাকেন এবং সন্তানদের ভালো শিক্ষা দেওয়ার জন্য যথেষ্ট সময় পান না। তৃতীয়ত, ইন্টারনেট, সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম ও মোবাইল ফোনের অপব্যবহার তরুণদের চরিত্র নষ্ট করছে। সবশেষে, স্কুলে ধর্মীয় ও নৈতিক শিক্ষার অভাব এই অবক্ষয়ের একটি বড় কারণ। নৈতিক অবক্ষয়ের প্রভাব অত্যন্ত বিপজ্জনক। এর ফলে হত্যা, চুরি ও অপহরণের মতো অপরাধ বাড়ছে। মানুষ অপরাধবোধ ছাড়াই ঘুষ নিচ্ছে ও মিথ্যা বলছে। কিশোরেরা মাদক গ্রহণ করছে এবং বাবা-মা ও শিক্ষকদের প্রতি সম্মান হারাচ্ছে। সমাজের শান্তিপূর্ণ পরিবেশ নষ্ট হচ্ছে; মানুষ আর একে অন্যকে বিশ্বাস করতে পারছে না। জাতিকে রক্ষা করতে যত দ্রুত সম্ভব এ সমস্যার সমাধান করতে হবে। বাবা-মাকে সন্তানদের সঙ্গে মানসম্মত সময় কাটাতে হবে এবং ছোটবেলা থেকেই ভালো আচরণ শেখাতে হবে। স্কুল ও কলেজে শুধু পরীক্ষায় পাসের ওপর নয়, নৈতিক শিক্ষার ওপরও গুরুত্ব দিতে হবে। আমরা যদি নৈতিক মূল্যবোধ ফিরিয়ে আনতে পারি, তাহলে আমাদের সমাজ বসবাসের জন্য সুন্দর, নিরাপদ ও শান্তিপূর্ণ হয়ে উঠবে। মূল বক্তব্য: নৈতিক অবক্ষয় ব্যক্তিগত চরিত্র ও সামাজিক শান্তি নষ্ট করে; পরিবার, শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান এবং সমাজের সম্মিলিত উদ্যোগে নৈতিক মূল্যবোধ ফিরিয়ে আনা জরুরি।

[Dear students, the questions are given first. The answers are below. Scroll down to see them. You may use these board questions for practice. Try to answer by yourself first, then check the answers.] Set 1: English First Paper (Subject Code: 107) Part A - Reading Test (Marks-60) 01. Read the following passage and answer the questions no. A and B: Behula is a legendary folk heroine and one of the main characters of Manasamangal, a medieval epic. She was the daughter of Sayven of Ujaninagar. Lakhindar was the youngest son of Chand Saudagar of Champaknagar. Behula grew up to be a beautiful and intelligent woman and was married to Lakhindar. Chand Saudagar a devotee of Shiva, had boasted that he was cleverer and stronger than Manasa, the snake goddess. He built an iron chamber for Lakhindar, believing it to be impregnable. However, on the wedding night of Behula and Lakhindar, Manasa sent a snake to kill Lakhindar. The snake made itself as fine as a strand of hair and, entering the chamber through a minute hole, bit Lakhindar. Behula refused to accept her husband's death. She placed her husband's corpse on a banana raft and set out on a hazardous journey towards the abode of the gods. Despite all the dangers and temptation she encountered, Behula continued her journey and finally succeeded in reaching the abode of the gods. She pleaded for her husband's life and promised Manasa that Chand Saudagar would worship her. Moved by Behula's love for her husband, Manasa not only restored Lakhindar but also his brothers whom she had killed earlier. Behula returned home with her husband and brothers-in-law, and Chand Saudagar finally bowed before the might of Manasa. Lakhindar and Behula then returned to their heavenly abode as Aniruddha and Usha. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: (1x5=5) (a) What is Manasamangal? (i) A medieval play (ii) A medieval poem (iii) A medieval epic (iv) A medieval novel (b) The word 'legendary' refers to— (i) historical (ii) infamous (iii) mythical (iv) renowned (c) The synonym of 'impregnable' is— (i) inaccessible (ii) vulnerable (iii) irresistible (iv) nonproductive (d) Why was the iron chamber built? (i) To put the valuables inside (ii) To save Lakhindar (iii) To kill snakes (iv) To imprison Manasa (e) How did Behula float on water? (i) On an iron raft (ii) On a wooden boat (iii) On a country boat (iv) On a raft B. Answer the following questions: (2x5=10) (a) Do you think that Behula is a legendary character? (b) How did Behula bring her husband's life back? (c) Why was Manasa angry with Chand Saudagar? (d) What was the ultimate destination of Behula and Lakhindar? And how? (e) Why did Manasa accept Behula's prayer? 02. Read the text and make a flow chart showing the bad effects of overspending. (No. 1 has been done for you) (2x5=10) We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money everyday. In fact, spending is a part of our life. Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. Making life stressful -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 03. Write a summary of the following text: (10) For the first time the streets of Gaza were clean, there wasn't a paper or cardboard. People were collecting the paper from the streets to use it for baking, because the electricity was disconnected. My mum did not want to bake and she asked me to bring bread from the oven. The queue at the oven stretched from Gaza to the West Bank. People would line up of hours to get to their turn and take half a pack of bread. In seconds, a Palestinian rocket launcher was erected in the area and in less than one second the Israeli planes started bombing it. People began running in all directions and the ambulances came. People started falling dead....... others were injured. I was in shock, and people in the street started telling me: "Thank God, You're safe." Anyway, I went back home without the loaf of bread. And my mum yelled at me but still today, she doesn't know why I didn't bring the bread. 04. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable words from the boxes. There are more words than necessary. Make any grammatical changes if needed: (0.5x10=5) [ cultures | finally | cocoon | powerful | beauty | wings ] [ symbols | associate | due to | connect | butterfly | regard ] Butterflies are (a) ____ as powerful symbols in many (b) ____ and contexts. They are often (c) ____ with change and growth, (d) ____ their fascinating transformation from caterpillar to (e) ____ and finally into a graceful (f) ____. In Greek mythology, psyche (meaning 'Soul') is often depicted with butterfly (g) ____. Butterflies are thus (h) ____ to the soul and the quest for love and (i) ____. In some cultures, particularly in Asia, butterflies appear in art as (j) ____ of love, romance, beauty and freedom. 05. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words in each gap: (1x10=10) Air and water are two important (a) ____ of the environment. These elements are (b) ____ for life on earth. They are often (c) ____ in many ways. Air is polluted mostly by (d) ____ and water by different (e) ____ of waste. If we want to live a (f) ____ life, we should (g) ____ the pollution of the environment. Total prevention may be (h) ____ but we can certainly (i) ____ pollution by raising (j) ____ among people. 06. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in proper sequence: (1x10=10) (a) The grapes were too high for him to reach. (b) One day, he was very hungry. (c) Again and again he jumped. (d) At last, he entered a vineyard. (e) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (f) At last, being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (g) But each time he failed to reach the grapes. (h) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (i) He searched for food everywhere but he did not get any food. (j) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. Part B - Guided Writing (Marks-40) 07. Write a paragraph on 'Artificial Intelligence', answering the following questions in about 200 words. (10) (a) What does artificial intelligence (AI) refer to? (b) Name some areas where AI is widely used today. (c) What are the benefits of using AI for teachers in the classroom? (d) Why is it important for students to learn about AI? (e) What are the challenges of using AI tools? 08. The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words. Give a suitable title to it: (7) Shakil, a university graduate from the department of Food and Nutrition, returned to his village due to his failure to get a suitable job. Being frustrated, one day sitting under a tree he noticed the fall of date juice drop by drop into the jar. Suddenly a new idea came to his mind and thought of processing date juice... 09. Suppose, you are Rakib/Rakiba. Your friend Tomal/Tomalika got the first prize on the National Debate Competition-2025. Now write an email congratulating him/her. (5) 10. The pie chart below shows the percentage of supporters of different games in Bangladesh. Now, describe the chart in about 150 words. You should highlight and analyze the information given in the chart. (10) Cricket 40%, Football 30%, Badminton 20%, Chess 5%, Golf 5% 11. Write down the theme of the following poem. (8) Say unto brethren when they see me dead, And weep for me, lamenting me in sadness: Think ye I am this corpse ye are to bury? I swear by God, this dead one is not I. I in the spirit am, and this my body My dwelling was my garment for a time. I am a treasure: hidden I was beneath This talisman of dust, wherein I suffered. I am a pearl; a shell imprisoned me, But leaving it, all trials I have left. I am a bird, and this was once my cage; But I have flown, leaving it as a token. I praise God who hath set me free, and made For me a dwelling in the heavenly heights. Ere now I was a dead man in your midst, But I have come to life, and doffed my shroud. Key Set 1: English First Paper (Subject Code: 107) Part A - Reading Test (Marks-60) 01. Read the following passage and answer the questions no. A and B: Behula is a legendary folk heroine and one of the main characters of Manasamangal, a medieval epic. She was the daughter of Sayven of Ujaninagar. Lakhindar was the youngest son of Chand Saudagar of Champaknagar. Behula grew up to be a beautiful and intelligent woman and was married to Lakhindar. Chand Saudagar a devotee of Shiva, had boasted that he was cleverer and stronger than Manasa, the snake goddess. He built an iron chamber for Lakhindar, believing it to be impregnable. However, on the wedding night of Behula and Lakhindar, Manasa sent a snake to kill Lakhindar. The snake made itself as fine as a strand of hair and, entering the chamber through a minute hole, bit Lakhindar. Behula refused to accept her husband's death. She placed her husband's corpse on a banana raft and set out on a hazardous journey towards the abode of the gods. Despite all the dangers and temptation she encountered, Behula continued her journey and finally succeeded in reaching the abode of the gods. She pleaded for her husband's life and promised Manasa that Chand Saudagar would worship her. Moved by Behula's love for her husband, Manasa not only restored Lakhindar but also his brothers whom she had killed earlier. Behula returned home with her husband and brothers-in-law, and Chand Saudagar finally bowed before the might of Manasa. Lakhindar and Behula then returned to their heavenly abode as Aniruddha and Usha. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: (1x5=5) (a) What is Manasamangal? (i) A medieval play (ii) A medieval poem (iii) A medieval epic (iv) A medieval novel (b) The word 'legendary' refers to— (i) historical (ii) infamous (iii) mythical (iv) renowned (c) The synonym of 'impregnable' is— (i) inaccessible (ii) vulnerable (iii) irresistible (iv) nonproductive (d) Why was the iron chamber built? (i) To put the valuables inside (ii) To save Lakhindar (iii) To kill snakes (iv) To imprison Manasa (e) How did Behula float on water? (i) On an iron raft (ii) On a wooden boat (iii) On a country boat (iv) On a raft Answer to A: (a) (iii) A medieval epic (b) (iii) mythical (c) (i) inaccessible (d) (ii) To save Lakhindar (e) (iv) On a raft B. Answer the following questions: (2x5=10) (a) Do you think that Behula is a legendary character? (b) How did Behula bring her husband's life back? (c) Why was Manasa angry with Chand Saudagar? (d) What was the ultimate destination of Behula and Lakhindar? And how? (e) Why did Manasa accept Behula's prayer? Answers to Section B: (a) Do you think that Behula is a legendary character? Yes, Behula is indeed a legendary character because the text directly introduces her as a "legendary folk heroine". Furthermore, she is one of the main characters of Manasamangal, which is a medieval epic. (b) How did Behula bring her husband's life back? Behula refused to accept her husband's death and placed his corpse on a banana raft. She then went on a very dangerous journey to the abode of the gods, where she pleaded for his life and promised the goddess Manasa that Chand Saudagar would worship her. (c) Why was Manasa angry with Chand Saudagar? Manasa was angry with Chand Saudagar because he was a devoted follower of Shiva and proudly boasted that he was stronger and cleverer than Manasa, who was the snake goddess. (d) What was the ultimate destination of Behula and Lakhindar? And how? The ultimate destination of Behula and Lakhindar was their heavenly abode. They achieved this by returning to the heavens in their true divine forms as Aniruddha and Usha, after Chand Saudagar finally bowed to Manasa. (e) Why did Manasa accept Behula's prayer? Manasa accepted Behula's prayer because the goddess was deeply moved by Behula's immense love for her husband. Additionally, she accepted it because Behula promised that her father-in-law, Chand Saudagar, would finally worship the goddess. 02. Read the text and make a flow chart showing the bad effects of overspending. (No. 1 has been done for you) (2x5=10) We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money everyday. In fact, spending is a part of our life. Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes, etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. Making life stressful -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> 6 Answer to 02: 1. Making life stressful 2. Leading to financial ruin or debt 3. Creating unhappiness within families 4. Being unsatisfied with own belongings 5. Becoming an addiction 6. Causing psychological problems 03. Write a summary of the following text: (10) For the first time the streets of Gaza were clean, there wasn't a paper or cardboard. People were collecting the paper from the streets to use it for baking, because the electricity was disconnected. My mum did not want to bake and she asked me to bring bread from the oven. The queue at the oven stretched from Gaza to the West Bank. People would line up of hours to get to their turn and take half a pack of bread. In seconds, a Palestinian rocket launcher was erected in the area and in less than one second the Israeli planes started bombing it. People began running in all directions and the ambulances came. People started falling dead....... others were injured. I was in shock, and people in the street started telling me: "Thank God, You're safe." Anyway, I went back home without the loaf of bread. And my mum yelled at me but still today, she doesn't know why I didn't bring the bread. Summary of the Passage The passage describes the dangerous and tragic reality of life in Gaza during a severe crisis. Due to a lack of electricity, people are forced to collect waste paper from the streets just to bake food. While waiting in a massive line to buy bread for their family, the narrator suddenly gets caught in a deadly bombing attack that kills and injures many people around them. Deeply shocked and traumatized, the narrator survives and returns home empty-handed. Sadly, they are scolded by their mother, who remains completely unaware of the terrifying life-and-death situation her child just escaped. 04. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable words from the boxes. There are more words than necessary. Make any grammatical changes if needed: (0.5x10=5) [ cultures | finally | cocoon | powerful | beauty | wings ] [ symbols | associate | due to | connect | butterfly | regard ] Butterflies are (a) ____ as powerful symbols in many (b) ____ and contexts. They are often (c) ____ with change and growth, (d) ____ their fascinating transformation from caterpillar to (e) ____ and finally into a graceful (f) ____. In Greek mythology, psyche (meaning 'Soul') is often depicted with butterfly (g) ____. Butterflies are thus (h) ____ to the soul and the quest for love and (i) ____. In some cultures, particularly in Asia, butterflies appear in art as (j) ____ of love, romance, beauty and freedom. Answer to 04: (a) regarded (b) cultures (c) associated (d) due to (e) cocoon (f) butterfly (g) wings (h) connected (i) beauty (j) symbols 05. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words in each gap: (1x10=10) Air and water are two important (a) ____ of the environment. These elements are (b) ____ for life on earth. They are often (c) ____ in many ways. Air is polluted mostly by (d) ____ and water by different (e) ____ of waste. If we want to live a (f) ____ life, we should (g) ____ the pollution of the environment. Total prevention may be (h) ____ but we can certainly (i) ____ pollution by raising (j) ____ among people. Answer to 05: (a) elements (b) essential (c) polluted (d) smoke (e) types/kinds (f) healthy/sound (g) reduce (h) impossible (i) reduce (j) awareness 06. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in proper sequence: (1x10=10) (a) The grapes were too high for him to reach. (b) One day, he was very hungry. (c) Again and again he jumped. (d) At last, he entered a vineyard. (e) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (f) At last, being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (g) But each time he failed to reach the grapes. (h) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (i) He searched for food everywhere but he did not get any food. (j) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. Answer to 06: e + b + i + d + j + a + h + c + g + f 07. Paragraph: Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence, commonly known as AI, refers to the special ability of computers and machines to think, learn, and act like human beings. It is a modern technology that makes machines smart enough to solve problems on their own. Today, AI is widely used in almost every sector of our daily lives. We see its magic in hospitals for treating patients, in banks for keeping money safe, and in agriculture for growing better crops. We also use AI every day in our mobile phones, like when we use Google Maps or voice assistants. In the classroom, AI brings many wonderful benefits for teachers. Teachers can use AI tools to check exam papers very fast and without mistakes. It also helps them create beautiful presentation slides and interesting lesson plans. Furthermore, AI can help teachers understand which students need extra care and attention. For students, it is extremely important to learn about AI. The future world will be run entirely by technology. If students learn how to use AI now, they will easily get good jobs and solve big problems in the future. However, using AI tools has some challenges too. Sometimes, students use AI to copy their homework easily. This destroys their own thinking power and creativity. Also, AI is just a machine, so it can sometimes make mistakes. Therefore, we must be careful and use AI wisely for our own good. 08. Completing a Story The Sweet Taste of Success Shakil, a university graduate from the department of Food and Nutrition, returned to his village due to his failure to get a suitable job. Being frustrated, one day sitting under a tree he noticed the fall of date juice drop by drop into the jar. Suddenly a new idea came to his mind and thought of processing date juice. Since he had studied Food and Nutrition at the university, he knew a lot about food preservation and health safety. He realized that the date juice sold in the local market was often dirty and unhygienic. He decided to change this using his education. The next morning, Shakil bought fresh date juice from the local tree climbers. He brought it home and used his scientific knowledge to boil and purify it. He made sure the cooking environment was perfectly clean. He successfully made sweet, thick date syrup and fresh molasses (gur) without adding any harmful chemicals. After making the pure syrup, he packed it in beautiful, airtight glass jars. He designed a nice label and named his brand "Gramer Mishti". At first, he gave some jars to his relatives and neighbors to taste. Everyone was highly impressed by the pure and wonderful taste. Seeing the positive response, Shakil opened a Facebook page to sell his products online. Within a few weeks, his pure date syrup became very famous. He started getting hundreds of orders from big cities like Dhaka and Sylhet. Soon, Shakil’s small business grew very big. He even hired ten unemployed youths from his village to help him with packaging and delivery. The young man who was once crying for a job had now become a successful businessman. Shakil finally proved that hard work and the proper use of education always bring success. 09. Writing an Email To: tomalika.friend@email.com From: rakiba.student@email.com Subject: Heartiest congratulations on your brilliant success! My dear Tomalika, Take my cordial love and best wishes. I hope you are keeping well by the grace of Almighty Allah. I am also very fine here. I am writing this email to share my boundless joy with you today. I just read the news on Facebook that you have won the first prize in the National Debate Competition-2025! I could not believe my eyes at first, and then I jumped with joy. Please accept my heartiest congratulations on your grand success! I always knew that you are a brilliant speaker. You have a very sharp memory and great arguing skills. I also know how hard you worked for this competition over the last few months. You spent day and night reading books, collecting information, and practicing your speech. Your hard work has finally brought this wonderful reward. You have made your parents, your teachers, and all of your friends very proud today. My parents were also extremely happy to hear this great news. They send their deepest prayers and blessings to you. I strongly believe this is just the beginning of your success. You will win many more prizes in the future and shine in life. We must celebrate this grand victory together when you come back to our hometown next week. No more today. Please convey my best regards to your parents and deep love to your younger brother. I am eagerly waiting to meet you soon. Yours ever, Rakiba 10. The pie chart below shows the percentage of supporters of different games in Bangladesh. Now, describe the chart in about 150 words. You should highlight and analyze the information given in the chart. (10) Cricket 40%, Football 30%, Badminton 20%, Chess 5%, Golf 5% The provided pie chart illustrates the percentage of supporters for various games in Bangladesh, highlighting the dominant sporting preferences within the country. According to the chart, Cricket is the most popular sport, commanding the highest share with 40% of the supporters. Football follows as the second most favoured game, capturing 30% of the fan base. Together, these two major outdoor sports account for a massive 70% of total sports supporters, indicating a strong national preference for team-based field games. Badminton holds a significant portion as well, supported by 20% of the population, making it the third most popular sport. Conversely, Chess and Golf are the least popular among the listed games, with each claiming only a marginal 5% of supporters. In conclusion, the chart clearly demonstrates that Cricket and Football are the undisputed favorites in Bangladesh, while niche or indoor games like Golf and Chess enjoy a much smaller, specific following. 11. Write down the theme of the following poem. (8) Say unto brethren when they see me dead, And weep for me, lamenting me in sadness: Think ye I am this corpse ye are to bury? I swear by God, this dead one is not I. I in the spirit am, and this my body My dwelling was my garment for a time. I am a treasure: hidden I was beneath This talisman of dust, wherein I suffered. I am a pearl; a shell imprisoned me, But leaving it, all trials I have left. I am a bird, and this was once my cage; But I have flown, leaving it as a token. I praise God who hath set me free, and made For me a dwelling in the heavenly heights. Ere now I was a dead man in your midst, But I have come to life, and doffed my shroud. Answer: The central theme of the poem is the immortality of the soul and the liberating nature of death. The speaker comforts mourners by explaining that the physical body is merely a temporary cage or garment. True life and eternal freedom begin only when the spirit ascends to heaven. HSC English First Paper — Set 1প্রশ্নভিত্তিক বাংলা অনুবাদ ও ব্যাখ্যা ১. Reading Comprehension: Behula and Lakhindar Passage-এর বাংলা অনুবাদ বেহুলা একজন কিংবদন্তিতুল্য লোকনায়িকা এবং মধ্যযুগীয় কাব্য ‘মনসামঙ্গল’-এর অন্যতম প্রধান চরিত্র। তিনি উজানিনগরের সায়বেনের কন্যা ছিলেন। চাঁদ সওদাগরের কনিষ্ঠ পুত্র লক্ষ্মীন্দর ছিলেন চম্পকনগরের বাসিন্দা। বেহুলা বড় হয়ে সুন্দরী ও বুদ্ধিমতী নারী হন এবং লক্ষ্মীন্দরের সঙ্গে তাঁর বিয়ে হয়। শিবের উপাসক চাঁদ সওদাগর গর্ব করে বলেছিলেন যে তিনি সাপের দেবী মনসার চেয়ে বেশি বুদ্ধিমান ও শক্তিশালী। তিনি লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে রক্ষা করার জন্য একটি লোহার ঘর নির্মাণ করেন; তাঁর বিশ্বাস ছিল, ঘরটি ভেদ করা অসম্ভব। কিন্তু বেহুলা ও লক্ষ্মীন্দরের বিয়ের রাতে মনসা লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে মারার জন্য একটি সাপ পাঠান। সাপটি চুলের মতো সরু হয়ে একটি অতি ক্ষুদ্র ছিদ্র দিয়ে ঘরে ঢুকে লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে দংশন করে। বেহুলা তাঁর স্বামীর মৃত্যু মেনে নিতে অস্বীকার করেন। তিনি স্বামীর মৃতদেহ একটি কলার ভেলায় তুলে দেবতাদের আবাসের দিকে বিপজ্জনক যাত্রা শুরু করেন। পথে নানা বিপদ ও প্রলোভন এলেও তিনি যাত্রা চালিয়ে যান এবং শেষ পর্যন্ত দেবতাদের আবাসে পৌঁছান। তিনি স্বামীর জীবন ফিরিয়ে দেওয়ার জন্য মনসার কাছে মিনতি করেন এবং প্রতিশ্রুতি দেন যে চাঁদ সওদাগর মনসার পূজা করবেন। স্বামীর প্রতি বেহুলার ভালোবাসায় মুগ্ধ হয়ে মনসা লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে ফিরিয়ে দেন এবং আগে যেসব ভাইকে হত্যা করেছিলেন, তাদেরও জীবিত করেন। বেহুলা স্বামী ও দেবরদের নিয়ে বাড়ি ফেরেন; অবশেষে চাঁদ সওদাগর মনসার ক্ষমতার কাছে নতিস্বীকার করেন। পরে লক্ষ্মীন্দর ও বেহুলা অনিরুদ্ধ ও ঊষা রূপে তাঁদের স্বর্গীয় আবাসে ফিরে যান। A. বহুনির্বাচনি প্রশ্ন (১×৫=৫) প্রশ্ন: (a) What is Manasamangal? — ‘মনসামঙ্গল’ কী? উত্তর: (iii) A medieval epic — একটি মধ্যযুগীয় মহাকাব্য। ব্যাখ্যা: অনুচ্ছেদের প্রথম বাক্যেই Manasamangal-কে ‘a medieval epic’ বলা হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: (b) The word ‘legendary’ refers to— ‘Legendary’ শব্দটির অর্থ কী? উত্তর: (iii) mythical — কিংবদন্তি/পুরাণকথাসংক্রান্ত। ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে Behula-কে লোককাহিনির কিংবদন্তিতুল্য চরিত্র বলা হয়েছে। ‘Mythical’ অর্থ পৌরাণিক বা কিংবদন্তিনির্ভর। প্রশ্ন: (c) The synonym of ‘impregnable’ is— ‘Impregnable’-এর সমার্থক শব্দ কোনটি? উত্তর: (i) inaccessible — দুর্ভেদ্য/প্রবেশ করা যায় না এমন। ব্যাখ্যা: অনুচ্ছেদে লোহার ঘরটিকে এমনভাবে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে যে তা ভেদ করা অসম্ভব বলে মনে করা হয়েছিল। দেওয়া বিকল্পগুলোর মধ্যে ‘inaccessible’ সবচেয়ে কাছাকাছি। প্রশ্ন: (d) Why was the iron chamber built? — লোহার ঘরটি কেন তৈরি করা হয়েছিল? উত্তর: (ii) To save Lakhindar — লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে রক্ষা করার জন্য। ব্যাখ্যা: চাঁদ সওদাগর বিশ্বাস করেছিলেন, লোহার ঘরটি সাপের প্রবেশ ঠেকিয়ে লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে নিরাপদ রাখবে। প্রশ্ন: (e) How did Behula float on water? — বেহুলা কীভাবে পানিতে ভেসে চলেছিলেন? উত্তর: (iv) On a raft — একটি ভেলায়। ব্যাখ্যা: অনুচ্ছেদে বলা হয়েছে, তিনি স্বামীর মৃতদেহ কলার ভেলায় তুলে যাত্রা করেছিলেন। B. সংক্ষিপ্ত প্রশ্নোত্তর (২×৫=১০) প্রশ্ন: Do you think that Behula is a legendary character? উত্তর: Yes, Behula is a legendary character because she is described as a legendary folk heroine and is one of the main characters of the medieval epic Manasamangal. বাংলা অর্থ: হ্যাঁ, বেহুলা একজন কিংবদন্তিতুল্য চরিত্র, কারণ তাঁকে কিংবদন্তিতুল্য লোকনায়িকা বলা হয়েছে এবং তিনি মধ্যযুগীয় মহাকাব্য ‘মনসামঙ্গল’-এর অন্যতম প্রধান চরিত্র। ব্যাখ্যা: পাঠ্যাংশে সরাসরি তাঁকে ‘legendary folk heroine’ বলা হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: How did Behula bring her husband’s life back? উত্তর: Behula placed her husband’s body on a banana raft and travelled to the abode of the gods. She prayed to Manasa and promised that Chand Saudagar would worship the goddess. Manasa was moved by her devotion and restored Lakhindar’s life. বাংলা অর্থ: বেহুলা স্বামীর দেহ কলার ভেলায় তুলে দেবতাদের আবাসে যান। তিনি মনসার কাছে প্রার্থনা করেন এবং প্রতিশ্রুতি দেন যে চাঁদ সওদাগর দেবীর পূজা করবেন। বেহুলার ভালোবাসা ও নিষ্ঠায় মুগ্ধ হয়ে মনসা লক্ষ্মীন্দরের জীবন ফিরিয়ে দেন। ব্যাখ্যা: উত্তরে যাত্রা, প্রার্থনা ও প্রতিশ্রুতি—এই তিনটি মূল ঘটনা উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে। প্রশ্ন: Why was Manasa angry with Chand Saudagar? উত্তর: Manasa was angry because Chand Saudagar worshipped Shiva and proudly claimed that he was cleverer and stronger than her. বাংলা অর্থ: মনসা চাঁদ সওদাগরের ওপর রাগ করেছিলেন, কারণ তিনি শিবের উপাসক ছিলেন এবং গর্ব করে বলেছিলেন যে তিনি মনসার চেয়ে বেশি বুদ্ধিমান ও শক্তিশালী। ব্যাখ্যা: চাঁদ সওদাগরের অহংকার এবং মনসার শক্তিকে অস্বীকার করাই বিরোধের কারণ। প্রশ্ন: What was the ultimate destination of Behula and Lakhindar? And how? উত্তর: Their ultimate destination was their heavenly abode. After Manasa restored Lakhindar and Chand Saudagar finally submitted to the goddess, Behula and Lakhindar returned to heaven in their divine identities as Usha and Aniruddha. বাংলা অর্থ: বেহুলা ও লক্ষ্মীন্দরের চূড়ান্ত গন্তব্য ছিল তাঁদের স্বর্গীয় আবাস। মনসা লক্ষ্মীন্দরকে জীবিত করেন এবং চাঁদ সওদাগর দেবীর কাছে নতিস্বীকার করার পর তাঁরা ঊষা ও অনিরুদ্ধ রূপে স্বর্গে ফিরে যান। ব্যাখ্যা: উত্তরে গন্তব্য এবং সেখানে পৌঁছানোর ঘটনাক্রম—দুটিই উল্লেখ করতে হবে। প্রশ্ন: Why did Manasa accept Behula’s prayer? উত্তর: Manasa accepted Behula’s prayer because she was deeply moved by Behula’s love for her husband. Behula also promised that Chand Saudagar would worship the goddess. বাংলা অর্থ: মনসা বেহুলার প্রার্থনা গ্রহণ করেছিলেন, কারণ স্বামীর প্রতি বেহুলার গভীর ভালোবাসা তাঁকে মুগ্ধ করেছিল। এ ছাড়া বেহুলা প্রতিশ্রুতি দিয়েছিলেন যে চাঁদ সওদাগর দেবীর পূজা করবেন। ব্যাখ্যা: প্রশ্নটির উত্তরে আবেগগত কারণ—বেহুলার ভালোবাসা—এবং বাস্তব কারণ—চাঁদ সওদাগরের পূজার প্রতিশ্রুতি—দুটিই আছে। গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শব্দার্থ · legendary — কিংবদন্তিতুল্য · folk heroine — লোককাহিনির নায়িকা · epic — মহাকাব্য · devotee — ভক্ত/উপাসক · boast — গর্ব করে বলা · impregnable — দুর্ভেদ্য · minute hole — অতি ক্ষুদ্র ছিদ্র · corpse — মৃতদেহ · hazardous — বিপজ্জনক · abode — আবাস/বাসস্থান · plead — মিনতি করা · restore — ফিরিয়ে দেওয়া/পুনরুদ্ধার করা · moved by — দ্বারা গভীরভাবে প্রভাবিত হওয়া · bow before — নতিস্বীকার করা ২. Flow Chart: Bad Effects of Overspending প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ অতিরিক্ত খরচের খারাপ প্রভাবগুলো দেখিয়ে একটি ফ্লো চার্ট তৈরি করো। ১ নম্বরটি উদাহরণ হিসেবে দেওয়া আছে। অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা অনুবাদ আমরা বিভিন্ন কারণে অর্থ ব্যয় করি। খাবার, পোশাক ও দৈনন্দিন প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস কিনি; বিভিন্ন সেবার মূল্য দিই; অতিথিদের আপ্যায়ন করি; ভ্রমণ করি; অভাবী মানুষকে সাহায্য করি অথবা ব্যবসায় বিনিয়োগ করি। এভাবেই আমরা প্রতিদিন অর্থ ব্যয় করি। আসলে ব্যয় করা আমাদের জীবনেরই অংশ। কী কারণে এবং কীভাবে অর্থ ব্যয় করছি, তার ওপর নির্ভর করে ব্যয় আমাদের আনন্দিত বা দুঃখিত করতে পারে। প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিসে সামর্থ্যের মধ্যে ব্যয় করা ভালো। কিন্তু ব্যয় যখন বাধ্যতামূলক অভ্যাসে পরিণত হয়, তখন তা জীবনকে মানসিক চাপে ফেলে। অপ্রয়োজনীয় ব্যয় বা সামর্থ্যের বাইরে খরচের কয়েকটি ক্ষতিকর দিক আছে। এটি আর্থিক বিপর্যয় বা ঋণের কারণ হতে পারে এবং পরিবারে অশান্তি সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। অতিরিক্ত ব্যয়কারীরা নিজেদের যা আছে, তাতে সন্তুষ্ট হন না। তাঁরা সব সময় ব্র্যান্ডের পণ্য, ফ্যাশন সামগ্রী ও ডিজাইনার পোশাকের পেছনে ছোটেন। সময়ের সঙ্গে এটি আসক্তিতে পরিণত হতে পারে এবং শেষ পর্যন্ত মানসিক সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। সঠিক ফ্লো চার্ট · Making life stressful — জীবনকে মানসিক চাপপূর্ণ করে তোলা · Leading to financial ruin or debt — আর্থিক বিপর্যয় বা ঋণের দিকে নিয়ে যাওয়া · Creating unhappiness within families — পরিবারে অসন্তোষ/অশান্তি সৃষ্টি করা · Being unsatisfied with one’s belongings — নিজের জিনিসপত্রে অসন্তুষ্ট থাকা · Becoming an addiction — আসক্তিতে পরিণত হওয়া · Causing psychological problems — মানসিক সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করা ব্যাখ্যা: ফ্লো চার্টে অনুচ্ছেদের তথ্যকে সংক্ষিপ্ত gerund/verb-ing বাক্যাংশে সাজানো হয়েছে। ‘Making’, ‘Leading’, ‘Creating’, ‘Being’, ‘Becoming’ ও ‘Causing’—সবগুলোই ধারাবাহিকভাবে প্রভাব বোঝায়। ৩. Summary: Life in Gaza মূল অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা অনুবাদ গাজার রাস্তাগুলো প্রথমবারের মতো পরিষ্কার ছিল—কোথাও কাগজ বা কার্ডবোর্ড ছিল না। বিদ্যুৎ বিচ্ছিন্ন থাকায় মানুষ রুটি/খাবার সেঁকার কাজে ব্যবহার করার জন্য রাস্তা থেকে কাগজ সংগ্রহ করছিল। আমার মা খাবার বানাতে চাননি; তিনি আমাকে চুলা থেকে রুটি আনতে বললেন। রুটির দোকানে মানুষের সারি গাজা থেকে পশ্চিম তীর পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত ছিল। মানুষ ঘণ্টার পর ঘণ্টা লাইনে দাঁড়িয়ে নিজের পালার অপেক্ষা করত এবং আধা প্যাকেট রুটি পেত। কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে ওই এলাকায় একটি ফিলিস্তিনি রকেট উৎক্ষেপণযন্ত্র স্থাপন করা হলো, আর এক সেকেন্ডেরও কম সময়ের মধ্যে ইসরায়েলি বিমান সেটিতে বোমা ফেলতে শুরু করল। মানুষ চারদিকে ছুটতে লাগল; অ্যাম্বুলেন্স এল। অনেকে মারা গেল, অন্যরা আহত হলো। আমি হতবাক হয়ে গিয়েছিলাম। রাস্তায় লোকজন আমাকে বলতে লাগল, ‘সৃষ্টিকর্তাকে ধন্যবাদ, তুমি নিরাপদে আছ।’ শেষ পর্যন্ত আমি রুটি ছাড়াই বাড়ি ফিরলাম। মা আমাকে বকেছিলেন, কিন্তু আজও তিনি জানেন না কেন আমি রুটি আনতে পারিনি। নমুনা Summary The passage portrays the fear and hardship of daily life in Gaza during a conflict. With electricity cut off, people struggle to obtain bread and use paper for baking. While the narrator waits in a long queue, an airstrike suddenly causes deaths, injuries and panic. The narrator survives but returns home without bread, while the mother remains unaware of the frightening incident. বাংলা সারাংশ: অনুচ্ছেদটি সংঘাতের সময় গাজার মানুষের ভয় ও দুর্ভোগ তুলে ধরে। বিদ্যুৎ না থাকায় মানুষ রুটি সংগ্রহ করতে এবং খাবার তৈরির জন্য কাগজ জোগাড় করতে হিমশিম খায়। বর্ণনাকারী দীর্ঘ লাইনে অপেক্ষা করার সময় হঠাৎ বিমান হামলায় মানুষ নিহত ও আহত হয় এবং চারদিকে আতঙ্ক ছড়িয়ে পড়ে। বর্ণনাকারী বেঁচে বাড়ি ফিরলেও রুটি আনতে পারেন না; তাঁর মা ঘটনার ভয়াবহতা জানতে পারেন না। ব্যাখ্যা: ভালো summary-তে মূল ভাব, প্রধান ঘটনা ও পরিণতি সংক্ষেপে থাকবে; অপ্রয়োজনীয় সংলাপ ও অতিরিক্ত বিবরণ বাদ দিতে হবে। ৪. Gap Filling: Butterflies প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানগুলো বাক্সে দেওয়া উপযুক্ত শব্দ দিয়ে পূরণ করো। প্রয়োজন হলে শব্দের ব্যাকরণগত রূপ পরিবর্তন করো। সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য ও বাংলা অনুবাদ প্রদত্ত উত্তরসূচি: (a) regarded, (b) cultures, (c) associated, (d) due to, (e) cocoon, (f) butterfly, (g) wings, (h) connected, (i) beauty, (j) symbols সম্পাদনা-সতর্কতা: মূল প্রশ্নে শূন্যস্থানগুলোর বাক্যবিন্যাস ও প্রদত্ত উত্তরসূচির মধ্যে কিছু অসামঞ্জস্য রয়েছে। বিশেষ করে ‘from caterpillar to cocoon and finally into a graceful butterfly’ বাক্যাংশটি জীববৈজ্ঞানিকভাবে সরলীকৃত হলেও প্রশ্নের নির্ধারিত উত্তর অনুসরণ করে। প্রকাশের আগে মূল প্রশ্নপত্রের সঙ্গে মিলিয়ে নেওয়া উচিত। ৫. Gap Filling: Air and Water Pollution প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ প্রতিটি শূন্যস্থানে উপযুক্ত শব্দ বসাও। সম্পূর্ণ অনুচ্ছেদ Air and water are two important elements of the environment. These elements are essential for life on earth. They are often polluted in many ways. Air is polluted mostly by smoke and water by different types of waste. If we want to live a healthy life, we should reduce the pollution of the environment. Total prevention may be impossible but we can certainly reduce pollution by raising awareness among people. বাংলা অনুবাদ বায়ু ও পানি পরিবেশের দুটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উপাদান। পৃথিবীতে জীবনের জন্য এই উপাদানগুলো অপরিহার্য। এগুলো নানা উপায়ে দূষিত হয়। বায়ু প্রধানত ধোঁয়ার দ্বারা এবং পানি বিভিন্ন ধরনের বর্জ্যের কারণে দূষিত হয়। আমরা যদি সুস্থ জীবনযাপন করতে চাই, তাহলে পরিবেশদূষণ কমাতে হবে। দূষণ সম্পূর্ণভাবে প্রতিরোধ করা অসম্ভব হতে পারে, তবে মানুষের মধ্যে সচেতনতা বাড়িয়ে আমরা অবশ্যই দূষণ কমাতে পারি। উত্তর: (a) elements (b) essential (c) polluted (d) smoke (e) types/kinds (f) healthy/sound (g) reduce (h) impossible (i) reduce (j) awareness ব্যাখ্যা: ‘elements of the environment’ অর্থ পরিবেশের উপাদান; ‘essential for’ অর্থের জন্য অপরিহার্য; ‘polluted by’ দ্বারা দূষণের কারণ বোঝায়; ‘raise awareness’ একটি প্রচলিত phrase, যার অর্থ সচেতনতা বৃদ্ধি করা। ৬. Rearranging Sentences: The Fox and the Grapes প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ: এলোমেলো বাক্যগুলো সঠিক ক্রমে সাজাও। সঠিক ক্রম e → b → i → d → j → a → h → c → g → f সম্পূর্ণ গল্পের বাংলা অনুবাদ এক সময় একটি বনে একটি শিয়াল বাস করত। একদিন সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত ছিল। সে সর্বত্র খাবার খুঁজল, কিন্তু কিছুই পেল না। অবশেষে সে একটি আঙুরবাগানে ঢুকল। সেখানে লতায় পাকা আঙুর ঝুলছিল। আঙুরগুলো এত উঁচুতে ছিল যে সে সেগুলোতে পৌঁছাতে পারছিল না। সে দৌড়ে এসে আঙুরের থোকায় পৌঁছানোর জন্য লাফ দিল, কিন্তু পারল না। সে বারবার লাফাতে থাকল। কিন্তু প্রতিবারই আঙুর ধরতে ব্যর্থ হলো। শেষে ক্লান্ত হয়ে সে চলে গেল এবং বলতে লাগল যে আঙুরগুলো টক। শিক্ষণীয় বিষয়: মানুষ অনেক সময় যা অর্জন করতে পারে না, সেটিকেই তুচ্ছ বা খারাপ বলে দেখায়। ব্যাখ্যা: গল্পের ঘটনাক্রম হলো—চরিত্র পরিচয়, ক্ষুধা, খাবার খোঁজা, আঙুরবাগানে প্রবেশ, আঙুর দেখা, নাগাল না পাওয়া, বারবার চেষ্টা, ব্যর্থতা এবং শেষে আঙুরকে টক বলা। ৭. Paragraph: Artificial Intelligence প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ Artificial Intelligence বা কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা বিষয়ে একটি অনুচ্ছেদ লেখো। অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা অনুবাদ কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা, সংক্ষেপে AI, বলতে কম্পিউটার ও যন্ত্রের মানুষের মতো চিন্তা করা, শেখা এবং কাজ করার বিশেষ ক্ষমতাকে বোঝায়। এটি আধুনিক প্রযুক্তি, যা যন্ত্রকে নিজে নিজে সমস্যা সমাধানের মতো দক্ষ করে তোলে। বর্তমানে আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের প্রায় সব ক্ষেত্রেই AI ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। রোগীর চিকিৎসায় হাসপাতাল, অর্থ নিরাপদ রাখতে ব্যাংক এবং উন্নত ফসল উৎপাদনে কৃষিক্ষেত্রে এর ব্যবহার দেখা যায়। Google Maps বা ভয়েস অ্যাসিস্ট্যান্ট ব্যবহারের সময় আমরা মোবাইল ফোনেও প্রতিদিন AI ব্যবহার করি। শ্রেণিকক্ষে AI শিক্ষকদের নানা সুবিধা দেয়। শিক্ষকরা দ্রুত পরীক্ষার খাতা যাচাই করতে, সুন্দর উপস্থাপনা তৈরি করতে এবং আকর্ষণীয় পাঠপরিকল্পনা বানাতে AI ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। কোন শিক্ষার্থীর অতিরিক্ত যত্ন ও সহায়তা দরকার, তা বুঝতেও AI সাহায্য করতে পারে। শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য AI সম্পর্কে শেখা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, কারণ ভবিষ্যৎ পৃথিবীতে প্রযুক্তির ভূমিকা আরও বাড়বে। এখন থেকেই AI ব্যবহারে দক্ষ হলে তারা ভবিষ্যতে ভালো কাজ পেতে এবং বড় সমস্যা সমাধানে সক্ষম হতে পারে। তবে AI ব্যবহারে কিছু চ্যালেঞ্জও রয়েছে। কখনো শিক্ষার্থীরা সহজে বাড়ির কাজ নকল করতে AI ব্যবহার করে, যা তাদের নিজস্ব চিন্তাশক্তি ও সৃজনশীলতাকে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত করে। AI একটি যন্ত্রমাত্র, তাই এটি কখনো ভুলও করতে পারে। সুতরাং আমাদের সতর্কতার সঙ্গে এবং বুদ্ধিমত্তার সঙ্গে AI ব্যবহার করা উচিত। কঠিন শব্দার্থ · artificial intelligence — কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা · sector — ক্ষেত্র · agriculture — কৃষি · presentation slides — উপস্থাপনার স্লাইড · lesson plan — পাঠপরিকল্পনা · creativity — সৃজনশীলতা · wisely — বিচক্ষণতার সঙ্গে পরীক্ষার টিপস: অনুচ্ছেদে সংজ্ঞা, ব্যবহার, সুবিধা, অসুবিধা ও উপসংহার—এই পাঁচটি অংশ রাখলে বিষয়টি সুসংগঠিত হয়। ৮. Completing a Story: The Sweet Taste of Success প্রদত্ত অংশের বাংলা অনুবাদ খাদ্য ও পুষ্টিবিজ্ঞান বিভাগ থেকে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের পড়াশোনা শেষ করা শাকিল উপযুক্ত চাকরি না পাওয়ায় গ্রামে ফিরে এল। হতাশ হয়ে একদিন গাছের নিচে বসে সে দেখল, ফোঁটা ফোঁটা খেজুরের রস একটি পাত্রে পড়ছে। হঠাৎ তার মাথায় খেজুরের রস প্রক্রিয়াজাত করার নতুন ধারণা এল। খাদ্য ও পুষ্টিবিজ্ঞানে পড়াশোনা করায় খাদ্য সংরক্ষণ ও স্বাস্থ্যবিধি সম্পর্কে তার ভালো জ্ঞান ছিল। সে বুঝতে পারল, স্থানীয় বাজারে বিক্রি হওয়া খেজুরের রস প্রায়ই অপরিষ্কার ও অস্বাস্থ্যকর থাকে। সে নিজের শিক্ষাকে কাজে লাগিয়ে এই অবস্থার পরিবর্তন আনার সিদ্ধান্ত নিল। পরদিন সকালে শাকিল গাছিদের কাছ থেকে তাজা খেজুরের রস কিনল। সে বাড়িতে এনে বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান কাজে লাগিয়ে রস ফুটিয়ে বিশুদ্ধ করল। রান্নার পরিবেশও পরিষ্কার রাখল। কোনো ক্ষতিকর রাসায়নিক না মিশিয়ে সে সুস্বাদু ঘন সিরাপ ও খাঁটি গুড় তৈরি করতে সক্ষম হলো। এরপর সে বিশুদ্ধ সিরাপ সুন্দর, বায়ুরোধী কাচের বোতলে ভরে আকর্ষণীয় লেবেল লাগাল এবং ব্র্যান্ডের নাম দিল ‘গ্রামের মিষ্টি’। প্রথমে আত্মীয়স্বজন ও প্রতিবেশীদের কিছু বোতল স্বাদ নেওয়ার জন্য দিল। সবাই এর বিশুদ্ধতা ও চমৎকার স্বাদে মুগ্ধ হলো। ইতিবাচক সাড়া পেয়ে শাকিল অনলাইনে পণ্য বিক্রির জন্য একটি ফেসবুক পেজ খুলল। কয়েক সপ্তাহের মধ্যেই তার খাঁটি খেজুরের সিরাপ জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠল। ঢাকা ও সিলেটের মতো বড় শহর থেকে সে শত শত অর্ডার পেতে শুরু করল। শিগগিরই শাকিলের ছোট ব্যবসা বড় হয়ে উঠল। প্যাকেজিং ও ডেলিভারির কাজে সে গ্রামের দশজন বেকার যুবককে নিয়োগ দিল। যে যুবক একসময় চাকরির জন্য হতাশ ছিল, সে-ই সফল ব্যবসায়ী হয়ে উঠল। শাকিল প্রমাণ করল, কঠোর পরিশ্রম ও শিক্ষার যথাযথ ব্যবহার সাফল্য এনে দেয়। গল্প সম্পূর্ণ করার সম্ভাব্য উপসংহার As demand continued to rise, Shakil improved his packaging, maintained strict hygiene and listened to customers’ feedback. He also trained the young workers so that every jar met the same standard. Within a year, ‘Gramer Mishti’ became a trusted local brand. Shakil’s success inspired other young people in the village to use their skills and start small businesses. He realized that unemployment need not end in disappointment; with creativity, honesty and hard work, education can open new doors. বাংলা: চাহিদা বাড়তে থাকায় শাকিল প্যাকেজিং উন্নত করল, কঠোর স্বাস্থ্যবিধি বজায় রাখল এবং ক্রেতাদের মতামত গুরুত্ব দিয়ে শুনল। প্রতিটি বোতলে একই মান বজায় রাখতে সে কর্মীদের প্রশিক্ষণও দিল। এক বছরের মধ্যে ‘গ্রামের মিষ্টি’ একটি বিশ্বস্ত স্থানীয় ব্র্যান্ড হয়ে উঠল। শাকিলের সাফল্যে অনুপ্রাণিত হয়ে গ্রামের অন্য তরুণেরাও নিজেদের দক্ষতা কাজে লাগিয়ে ছোট ব্যবসা শুরু করল। শাকিল বুঝল, বেকারত্ব মানেই হতাশায় শেষ হয়ে যাওয়া নয়; সৃজনশীলতা, সততা ও পরিশ্রমের মাধ্যমে শিক্ষা নতুন সম্ভাবনার দরজা খুলে দিতে পারে। মূল শিক্ষা: শিক্ষা, উদ্ভাবন, সততা ও পরিশ্রমকে কাজে লাগালে সীমিত সুযোগ থেকেও সাফল্য অর্জন করা সম্ভব। ৯. Email: Congratulations on Success ইমেইলের বাংলা অনুবাদ প্রাপক: tomalika.friend@email.comপ্রেরক: rakiba.student@email.comবিষয়: তোমার অসাধারণ সাফল্যে আন্তরিক অভিনন্দন! প্রিয় তমালিকা,আন্তরিক ভালোবাসা ও শুভেচ্ছা নিও। মহান আল্লাহর রহমতে তুমি ভালো আছ বলে আশা করি। আমিও এখানে ভালো আছি। আজ তোমার সঙ্গে আমার অপরিসীম আনন্দের খবর ভাগ করে নিতে এই ইমেইল লিখছি। ফেসবুকে এইমাত্র দেখলাম, তুমি ২০২৫ সালের জাতীয় বিতর্ক প্রতিযোগিতায় প্রথম পুরস্কার জিতেছ! প্রথমে নিজের চোখকেই বিশ্বাস করতে পারছিলাম না; তারপর আনন্দে লাফিয়ে উঠেছিলাম। তোমার এই অসাধারণ সাফল্যের জন্য আন্তরিক অভিনন্দন গ্রহণ করো! আমি সব সময় জানতাম তুমি একজন মেধাবী বক্তা। তোমার স্মরণশক্তি খুব ভালো এবং যুক্তি উপস্থাপনের দক্ষতাও অসাধারণ। গত কয়েক মাসে এই প্রতিযোগিতার জন্য তুমি কত পরিশ্রম করেছ, তাও জানি। দিনরাত বই পড়া, তথ্য সংগ্রহ ও বক্তৃতার অনুশীলন—সবকিছুরই সুন্দর পুরস্কার তুমি পেয়েছ। আজ তুমি তোমার বাবা-মা, শিক্ষক এবং বন্ধুদের গর্বিত করেছ। এই সুখবর শুনে আমার বাবা-মাও খুব খুশি হয়েছেন। তাঁরা তোমার জন্য দোয়া ও আশীর্বাদ পাঠিয়েছেন। আমি দৃঢ়ভাবে বিশ্বাস করি, এটি তোমার সাফল্যের কেবল শুরু। ভবিষ্যতে তুমি আরও অনেক পুরস্কার জিতবে এবং জীবনে উজ্জ্বল হবে। আগামী সপ্তাহে তুমি আমাদের শহরে ফিরলে আমরা একসঙ্গে এই বিজয় উদ্‌যাপন করব। আজ আর নয়। তোমার বাবা-মাকে আমার শ্রদ্ধা জানিও এবং ছোট ভাইকে অনেক ভালোবাসা দিও। শিগগিরই তোমার সঙ্গে দেখা করার অপেক্ষায় রইলাম।ইতি,তোমারইরাকিবা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বাক্যাংশ · Take my cordial love and best wishes. — আমার আন্তরিক ভালোবাসা ও শুভেচ্ছা নিও। · Please accept my heartiest congratulations. — আমার আন্তরিক অভিনন্দন গ্রহণ করো। · You have made us proud. — তুমি আমাদের গর্বিত করেছ। · This is just the beginning of your success. — এটি তোমার সাফল্যের কেবল শুরু। · I am eagerly waiting to meet you. — তোমার সঙ্গে দেখা করার জন্য আমি অধীর আগ্রহে অপেক্ষা করছি। পরীক্ষার টিপস: ইমেইলে To, From, Subject, সম্বোধন, মূল বক্তব্য, সমাপ্তি ও প্রেরকের নাম ঠিকভাবে রাখতে হবে। ১০. Pie Chart: Favourite Games in Bangladesh প্রশ্নের বাংলা অর্থ বাংলাদেশে বিভিন্ন খেলার সমর্থকদের শতকরা হার একটি পাই চার্টে দেখানো হয়েছে। চার্টে দেওয়া তথ্য তুলে ধরে এবং বিশ্লেষণ করে প্রায় ১৫০ শব্দে বর্ণনা লেখো। তথ্য · Cricket — 40% — ক্রিকেট · Football — 30% — ফুটবল · Badminton — 20% — ব্যাডমিন্টন · Chess — 5% — দাবা · Golf — 5% — গলফ নমুনা উত্তর The pie chart illustrates the percentages of supporters of five games in Bangladesh. Cricket is the most popular game, accounting for 40% of the supporters. Football ranks second with 30%. Together, cricket and football attract 70% of the supporters, showing that these two games dominate sporting preferences in the country. Badminton is the third most popular game, with 20% of supporters. In contrast, chess and golf are the least popular games in the chart, each accounting for only 5%. The figures indicate a clear preference for cricket and football, while badminton also enjoys a considerable following. Chess and golf have much smaller shares compared with the other games. Overall, the chart shows that cricket leads by a noticeable margin, football follows, and the remaining three games together account for 30% of the supporters. These figures provide a simple overview of the relative popularity of the five games represented. নমুনা উত্তরের বাংলা অনুবাদ পাই চার্টে বাংলাদেশে পাঁচটি খেলার সমর্থকদের শতকরা হার দেখানো হয়েছে। ক্রিকেট সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় খেলা; সমর্থকদের ৪০ শতাংশ ক্রিকেট পছন্দ করেন। ৩০ শতাংশ সমর্থক নিয়ে ফুটবল দ্বিতীয় স্থানে রয়েছে। ক্রিকেট ও ফুটবল মিলিয়ে ৭০ শতাংশ সমর্থক, যা দেখায় যে এই দুটি খেলা দেশের ক্রীড়াপছন্দে প্রাধান্য বিস্তার করেছে। ২০ শতাংশ সমর্থক নিয়ে ব্যাডমিন্টন তৃতীয় জনপ্রিয় খেলা। অন্যদিকে, চার্টে দাবা ও গলফ সবচেয়ে কম জনপ্রিয়; প্রতিটির সমর্থক মাত্র ৫ শতাংশ। পরিসংখ্যান থেকে বোঝা যায়, ক্রিকেট ও ফুটবলের প্রতি স্পষ্ট ঝোঁক রয়েছে, আর ব্যাডমিন্টনেরও উল্লেখযোগ্য সমর্থকগোষ্ঠী আছে। অন্য খেলাগুলোর তুলনায় দাবা ও গলফের অংশ অনেক কম। সব মিলিয়ে ক্রিকেট উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যবধানে এগিয়ে, ফুটবল তার পরে এবং বাকি তিনটি খেলা একত্রে ৩০ শতাংশ সমর্থকের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে। ব্যাখ্যা: চার্ট বর্ণনায় সর্বোচ্চ ও সর্বনিম্ন মান, ক্রম, তুলনা এবং সামগ্রিক প্রবণতা উল্লেখ করতে হয়। প্রদত্ত শতাংশ থেকে ‘সমর্থক’ বোঝানো হয়েছে; এগুলোকে দেশের মোট জনসংখ্যার হার বলা যাবে না, কারণ প্রশ্নে সে তথ্য নেই। ১১. Poem Theme: The Soul and Freedom কবিতার বাংলা ভাবানুবাদ আমাকে মৃত অবস্থায় দেখে আমার ভাইয়েরা যখন শোক করবে ও কাঁদবে, তখন তাদের বলো—তোমরা কি মনে কর, যে মৃতদেহটিকে কবর দিতে যাচ্ছ, সেটিই আমি? ঈশ্বরের শপথ, এই মৃতদেহ আমি নই। আমি আত্মায় বিরাজ করি; এই দেহ ছিল কিছু সময়ের জন্য আমার বাসস্থান ও পোশাক। আমি এক গুপ্তধন, যা ধুলোর এই আবরণের নিচে লুকানো ছিল এবং এখানে আমি কষ্ট পেয়েছি। আমি এক মুক্তা; একটি খোলস আমাকে বন্দি করে রেখেছিল। খোলস ছেড়ে বেরিয়ে এসে আমি সব দুঃখ-কষ্ট পেছনে ফেলে এসেছি। আমি এক পাখি, আর এই দেহ ছিল আমার খাঁচা; এখন আমি উড়ে গেছি, খাঁচাটিকে স্মৃতিচিহ্ন হিসেবে রেখে। আমি ঈশ্বরের প্রশংসা করি, কারণ তিনি আমাকে মুক্ত করেছেন এবং স্বর্গের উচ্চতায় আমার জন্য আবাস দিয়েছেন। আগে আমি তোমাদের মাঝেই মৃতের মতো ছিলাম; এখন আমি জীবিত হয়েছি এবং কাফনের মতো আবরণ খুলে ফেলেছি। Theme-এর বাংলা ব্যাখ্যা কবিতাটির মূলভাব হলো আত্মার অমরত্ব এবং মৃত্যুকে মুক্তিরূপে দেখার ধারণা। বক্তা শোককারীদের বোঝাতে চান যে মানুষের দেহ কেবল আত্মার সাময়িক বাসস্থান; দেহের মৃত্যু মানেই আত্মার সম্পূর্ণ বিনাশ নয়। কবিতায় দেহকে পোশাক, খোলস ও খাঁচার সঙ্গে তুলনা করা হয়েছে, আর আত্মাকে গুপ্তধন, মুক্তা ও পাখির প্রতীকে প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে। বক্তার দৃষ্টিতে মৃত্যুর মাধ্যমে আত্মা পার্থিব কষ্ট ও সীমাবদ্ধতা ছেড়ে উচ্চতর বা স্বর্গীয় আবাসে মুক্তি পায়। পরীক্ষায় লেখার উপযোগী ইংরেজি Theme The poem explores the immortality of the soul and presents death as a release from the limitations of the physical body. The speaker explains that the body is only a temporary dwelling, garment or cage, while the soul is the true self. Through images of a hidden treasure, a pearl and a bird flying free, the poem suggests that the soul leaves earthly suffering behind and moves towards a heavenly existence. Thus, the poem encourages readers to look beyond the physical body and consider the spiritual freedom that follows death. Question According to the Syllabus of 2025 Set 2: English First Paper (All Board) Part A - Reading Test (Marks-60) 01. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B: Eco-tourism is broadly defined as low impact travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become educated about the areas both in terms of the physical landscape and cultural characteristics. It often provides funds for conservation and benefits the economic development of places that are often impoverished. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Most of these are not truly ecotourism, however, because they do not emphasize conservation, education, low impact travel, and social and cultural participation in the locations being visited. Therefore, to be considered ecotourism, a trip must meet the following principles set forth by the International Ecotourism Society (TIES: 2015): Minimize the impact of visiting the location (i.e. the use of roads). Build respect and awareness of the travellers for the environment and cultural practices. Ensure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the travellers and the hosts. Provide direct financial aid for conservation. Provide financial aid, empowerment and other benefits for local people. Raise the travellers' awareness of the host country's political, environment and social climate. Ecotourism is popular in Indonesia at Komodo National Park. The park has an area of 233 square miles (603 sq km) of land that is spread out over several islands and 469 square miles (1,214 sq km) of water. The area was established as a national park in 1980 and is popular for ecotourism because of its unique and endangered biodiversity. Activities at Komodo National Park vary from whale watching to hiking. Tourist accommodations strive to have a low impact on the natural environment. Ecotourism is also popular in Central and South America. Destinations include Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Panama. Apart from these places, opportunities for ecotourism exist in hundreds of more places worldwide. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: (0.5x10=5) (a) What does ecotourism refer to? (i) a safari park (ii) enjoying wildlife (iii) wandering around the forest without disturbing the wildlife (iv) a travel to less travelled land with a minimal impact (b) The word 'endangered' refers to- (i) unexposed (ii) invincible (iii) threatened (iv) unsusceptible (c) What does 'cultural characteristics' mean? (i) the involvement of food and culture (ii) the elements of urban society (iii) the elements of a society that create its whole experience (iv) the elements of land and environment (d) What does 'impoverished' mean? (i) poor (ii) improved (iii) impaired (iv) dirty (e) The word 'biodiversity' refers to- (i) variety (ii) unvaried (iii) uniformity (iv) similarity (f) Various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism because of- (i) growing popularity of environmentally related adventure (ii) eye-catching advertisement (iii) luxurious facilities (iv) low cost (g) The word 'strive' could be replaced by- (i) attempt (ii) relax (iii) yield (iv) submit (h) TIES stands for- (i) International Environment System (ii) International Ecotourism Society (iii) International Economics Society (iv) International Ecological System (i) The word 'conservation' means- (i) security (ii) preservation (iii) conception (iv) prevention (j) Komodo National Park is situated in- (i) Singapore (ii) China (iii) Indonesia (iv) Malaysia Answer to A: (a) (iv) a travel to less travelled land with a minimal impact. (b) (iii) threatened (c) (iii) the elements of a society that create its whole experience (d) (i) poor (e) (i) variety (f) (i) growing popularity of environmentally related adventure (g) (i) attempt (h) (ii) International Ecotourism Society (i) (ii) preservation (j) (iii) Indonesia B. Answer the following questions: (3x5=15) (a) What is ecotourism? (b) How is ecotourism different from traditional tourism? (c) How does ecotourism benefit the impoverished places? (d) Why is ecotourism getting popularity day by day? (e) Write briefly about Komodo National Park. 02. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart showing the importance of relationship in our real life situation. Number 1 has been done for you: (1x5=5) The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, "Man is by nature a social animal." What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. Getting emotional support -> 02 -> 03 -> 04 -> 05 -> 06 Answer to 02: 1. Getting emotional support 2. Getting companionship 3. Getting physical support 4. Giving meaning to one's existence 5. Inspiring one to do well in education 6. Inspiring one to do well in workplace or in a profession 03. Write a summary of the following text: (10) In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial. Civic engagement includes individual or group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interests, you are civically engaged and your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions, etc. You can also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some services to elderly people. These are all examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community. When civic engagement is a part of an academic programme, and the learners' engagement is assessed following a scale, then it is called service learning. It involves the application of knowledge and skills learned in the classroom and then making a complete plan of action i.e. preparing a budget, starting the process of implementation, involving people and activating operational strategies. When civic engagement is spontaneous but irregular and not a part of any academic programme, it is considered volunteerism. 04. Read the following text and fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Make any grammatical change if necessary: (0.5x10=5) [ who | able | health | ability | choose ] [ essentially | be | solve | enable | develop | which | know ] Education is one of the fundamental requirements of human being. It is (a) ____ for the (b) ____ of mind. Many illiterate people hardly have any (c) ____ of health. If they (d) ____ educated, they could live a (e) ____ and planned life. Education teaches us how to live well. It (f) ____ us to make the right (g) ____ in life. It enhances our (h) ____ to perform our duties properly and (i) ____ our everyday problems. In fact, it is education (j) ____ brings positive changes in our life. Answer to 04: (a) essential (b) development (c) knowledge (d) were (e) healthy (f) enables (g) choices (h) ability (i) solve (j) which 05. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words in each gap: (1x10=10) One of the (a) ____ of water in our country is the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our (b) ____. But are the rivers in (c) ____ shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A few are already dead and several are going (d) ____ the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an (e) ____ of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air (f) ____ it. But this is not what it was like before. The report says that the river had a (g) ____ past. Once it was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleshwari. Gradually, it lost its (h) ____ with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals were (i) ____ at the tide level of the Buriganga and (j) ____ their capital Jahangirnagar on its bank in 1610. Answer to 05: (a) sources (b) life (c) good (d) through (e) example (f) around (g) glorious (h) link (i) marveled (j) founded 06. The following sentences are jumbled. Re-arrange them in a continuous paragraph: (1x10=10) (i) But unfortunately, he was defeated in a battle and taken as a prisoner. (ii) "Like a king", was the reply of Porus. (iii) He was brought before Alexander. (iv) Then he came to the plain of the Punjab. (v) Alexander was pleased with Porus for his bold reply. (vi) He knew how to respect a bold man. (vii) Alexander asked him how he would like to be treated. (viii) Alexander, the king of Macedon, crossed the Khyber pass and reached India. (ix) There ruled a king named Porus. (x) Porus came forward with his men and arms in order to defend his land from the attack of Alexander. Answer to 06: viii + iv + ix + x + i + iii + vii + ii + v + vi Part B - Guided Writing Test (Marks-40) 07. The graph below shows the rate of early marriage in Bangladesh in different years. Describe the graph in at least 150 words. You should also highlight the leading features of the information provided here. (15) Early marriage in Bangladesh in different years: 2010: 65% 2012: 58% 2014: 50% 2016: 60% 2018: 45% 2020: 40% 07. Graph Description: Rate of Early Marriage in Bangladesh The Decreasing Trend of Early Marriage in Bangladesh The provided bar graph clearly illustrates the rate of early marriage in Bangladesh over a period of ten years, from 2010 to 2020. At a glance, it is very clear that although the rate went up and down a little bit, the overall trend of early marriage is decreasing. According to the graph, the highest rate of early marriage was recorded in the year 2010, which was 65%. After that, the situation started to improve. In the next two years, the rate dropped. It came down to 58% in 2012 and further decreased to 50% in 2014. This showed that people were becoming more aware of the bad effects of early marriage. However, surprisingly, the rate suddenly went up again in 2016. In that year, the rate increased back to 60%. Fortunately, this rise did not last long. In the following years, the rate of early marriage dropped very significantly. It came down to 45% in the year 2018. Finally, in 2020, the graph shows the lowest rate of early marriage, which was only 40%. In conclusion, the graph presents a very hopeful picture for Bangladesh. It shows that the curse of early marriage is slowly disappearing from the country, dropping from a high 65% in 2010 to a much lower 40% in 2020. 08. Completing a Story The Test of True Love Once there lived a king in England. He was nearly 80 and tired of ruling his kingdom. So he decided to divide his kingdom among his three daughters. He called them in his court and wanted to hear how much they loved him. The eldest daughter flatteringly said she loved him more than her own life. The second daughter also pleased him with sweet, false words. The happy King gave them large shares of his kingdom. Finally, he asked his youngest daughter, Cordelia. She honestly replied that she loved him exactly as a daughter should love a father—no more, no less. The proud King became furious at this simple truth. Misunderstanding her genuine love, he banished Cordelia and gave everything to her greedy sisters. However, very soon, the elder sisters showed their cruel nature. They drove the helpless, old King out of their palaces, making him realize his tragic mistake. 09. Writing an Informal Letter An Invitation to Explore the History of Bangladesh 15 Mirpur Road, Dhaka 23 August 2026 My dear John, Take my cordial love and warm wishes. I hope you are keeping well in Canada by the grace of the Almighty. I am also doing very well here in Bangladesh. I received your wonderful letter yesterday. You wanted to know about the famous places in my country, which gave me a great idea! Since you have a long winter vacation coming up next month, I am writing to invite you to visit Bangladesh. I know you love history very much, and my country is filled with amazing historical places that you will absolutely love. If you come, I will personally take you to Mahasthangarh in Bogura, which is the oldest known city in our country. We can also visit the Somapura Mahavihara in Paharpur. It is a huge, ancient Buddhist monastery and looks incredibly beautiful. Besides these, we will definitely go to Bagerhat to see the Shat Gombuj Mosque (Sixty Dome Mosque). It is hundreds of years old and is recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Finally, in my own city, Dhaka, we can explore the famous Lalbagh Fort, which was built by the Mughal emperors. I promise you will have a fantastic time here. The weather will be very mild and pleasant, and my mother will cook delicious traditional Bangladeshi food for you every day. Please talk to your parents and let me know your flight dates soon. I am eagerly waiting to welcome you to my beautiful country. No more today. Give my best regards to your parents and love to your younger sister. Your loving friend, Rakib

Full Syllabus for HSC Examination 2028 Subject: English 1st Paper Subject Code: 107 Reading (পঠন অংশ) – ৬০ নম্বর প্রশ্ন নং প্রশ্নের ধরন (Test Items) নম্বর (Marks) মন্তব্য (Notes) ১ A. MCQ (context থেকে অর্থ অনুমান করা) B. Comprehension questions (analysis, synthesis এবং evaluation সম্পর্কিত open-ended প্রশ্ন) ০৫ ১০ মূল পাঠ্যবই (English For Today) এবং এর "Reading for Pleasure" অংশ থেকে টেক্সট নির্বাচন করা হবে। ২ Information transfer / Flow chart ১০ ৩ Summarizing ১০ ৪ Cloze test with clues ০৫ প্রশ্নকর্তারা নিজেদের মতো করে সম্পূর্ণ নতুন টেক্সট (Text) তৈরি করবেন। ৫ Cloze test without clues ১০ প্রশ্নকর্তারা নিজেদের মতো করে সম্পূর্ণ নতুন টেক্সট (Text) তৈরি করবেন। ৬ Rearranging (unseen) ১০ প্রশ্নকর্তারা নিজেদের মতো করে সম্পূর্ণ নতুন টেক্সট (Text) তৈরি করবেন। Writing (লিখন অংশ) – ৪০ নম্বর প্রশ্ন নং প্রশ্নের ধরন (Test Items) নম্বর (Marks) মন্তব্য (Notes) ৭ Writing paragraph by answering questions ১০ ৮ Completing a story ০৭ ৯ Writing informal letters / emails ০৫ ১০ Analyzing maps / graphs / charts ১০ ১১ Appreciating short stories / poems (theme, subject-matter এবং interpretation চিহ্নিতকরণ) ০৮ সর্বমোট (Total): ১০০ নম্বর

এইচএসসি ২০২৮ (HSC 2028) ইংরেজি ২য় পত্রের (বিষয় কোড: ১০৮) পূর্ণাঙ্গ সিলেবাস ও মানবণ্টন Part A: Grammar (ব্যাকরণ অংশ) – ৬০ নম্বর ক্রমিক নং ব্যাকরণের বিষয়বস্তু (Grammar Topics) মানবণ্টন (Marks Distribution) মোট নম্বর (Total Marks) ১ Articles (আর্টিকেল) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ২ Prepositions (প্রিপজিশন) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ৩ Special Uses of Words/Phrases (শব্দ বা ফ্রেজের বিশেষ ব্যবহার) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ৪ Completing Sentences (বাক্য সম্পূর্ণকরণ - Conditionals, Clauses, Phrases) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ৫ Right Form of Verbs (ভার্বের সঠিক রূপ) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ৬ Transformation of Sentences (বাক্য পরিবর্তন) ১ × ৫ ০৫ ৭ Narrative Style (ন্যারেশন বা উক্তি পরিবর্তন) ৫ (অনুচ্ছেদ ভিত্তিক) ০৫ ৮ Pronoun Reference (অস্পষ্ট সর্বনাম স্পষ্টকরণ) ৫ (অনুচ্ছেদ ভিত্তিক) ০৫ ৯ Modifiers (মডিফায়ার - Pre & Post) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ১০ Sentence Connectors (বাক্য সংযোগকারী শব্দ) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ১১ Synonyms and Antonyms (সমার্থক ও বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ ১২ Punctuation (বিরাম চিহ্নের ব্যবহার) ০.৫ × ১০ ০৫ সর্বমোট (Part A) ৬০ Part B: Composition (রচনামূলক অংশ) – ৪০ নম্বর ক্রমিক নং লিখন অংশ (Composition Topics) বিষয়ের বিবরণ (Description) মোট নম্বর (Total Marks) ১৩ Formal Letter / E-mail / Application প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক পত্র, ই-মেইল বা আবেদনপত্র ০৮ ১৪ Report Writing সংবাদপত্র বা প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক প্রতিবেদন লিখন ০৮ ১৫ Paragraph Writing নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ের ওপর অনুচ্ছেদ লিখন (Cause & Effect, Listing, etc.) ১০ ১৬ Short Composition নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ের ওপর সংক্ষিপ্ত প্রবন্ধ বা রচনা (২৫০-৩০০ শব্দের মধ্যে) ১৪ সর্বমোট (Part B) ৪০ সংক্ষিপ্ত সারসংক্ষেপ (Summary): মোট নম্বর: ১০০ সময়: ৩ ঘণ্টা

Cambridge IELTS 21 Speaking Test- 4 Speaking Part 1: Bread When do you usually eat bread? How important is bread in your culture? Have you tried any kinds of bread from other countries? Would you be interested in learning how to make bread? Speaking Part 2 Describe a person you know who is very competitive You should say: who this person is, what this person is competitive about, how successful this person is, and explain why you think this person is so competitive. Speaking Part 3: Competitions & Being competitive in sports What kinds of competitions do people like to enter in your country? What do you think is the best kind of prize to win in a competition? Why do people like watching quiz shows and other competitions on TV? How important is it to be very competitive at sport? Do you think sportspeople perform better when they play against competitors who are stronger than they are? Why do some people think that taking part in sport is more important than winning? Questions and Answers Part 1: Bread When do you usually eat bread? I typically incorporate bread into my breakfast routine. Having a couple of slices of toasted bread with eggs or butter is a quick, reliable way to start the morning, especially on busy weekdays when I have to head out early for work. How important is bread in your culture? It holds a very prominent place. In traditional South Asian cuisine, flatbreads like naan, roti, or paratha accompany almost every major meal. They aren't just a food item; they serve as a fundamental staple that brings families together around the dining table every single day. Have you tried any kinds of bread from other countries? Yes, living in a multicultural hub like Doha has given me the chance to try quite a few international varieties. I’m quite fond of French baguettes for their crusty exterior, Italian focaccia infused with herbs and olive oil, and soft Turkish flatbreads. Each culture has developed such unique baking techniques. Would you be interested in learning how to make bread? I think it would be a fascinating culinary skill to master. There is something deeply satisfying about the process of kneading dough, watching it rise, and baking it from scratch. However, it requires a level of patience and precision that I haven't quite had the time to develop yet. Part 2: Describe a person you know who is very competitive An individual who instantly comes to mind when I think of intense competitiveness is one of my closest colleagues at school, who also happens to teach mathematics. In terms of what he is competitive about, it spans almost every single aspect of daily life. While it is most visible in his professional life—where he constantly pushes his students to achieve the highest district scores and vies for departmental recognition—it also spills over into casual settings. Whether we are playing a casual board game during a staff gathering, participating in a friendly corporate sports day, or even discussing whose lesson plan is more efficient, he treats every single scenario as a high-stakes championship final. His drive has made him remarkably successful. He is widely recognized as one of the most effective educators in our institution, and his students consistently outperform others in standardized exams. In casual games, he almost always wins because he meticulously analyzes the rules and strategizes every move ahead of time. I believe he is driven by an innate fear of mediocrity and a relentless internal pressure to prove his competence. For him, losing or coming in second isn't just an outcome; it feels like a personal failure. His competitiveness isn't necessarily malicious or malicious toward others; rather, it stems from an intense, perfectionist mindset that pushes him to constantly outdo his own previous achievements. Part 3: Competitions & Being competitive in sports What kinds of competitions do people like to enter in your country? Public interest generally leans heavily toward regional cricket tournaments, academic olympiads for students, and various cultural talent shows. In recent years, local running events, marathons, and fitness challenges have also gained massive popularity among urban professionals who want to maintain an active, healthy lifestyle. What do you think is the best kind of prize to win in a competition? While cash prizes or high-value electronic gadgets are always appealing, I believe experiences or opportunities make the most meaningful rewards. Winning a fully funded educational scholarship, an international travel package, or professional development grants can genuinely change the trajectory of someone's life in a way that material items simply cannot. Why do people like watching quiz shows and other competitions on TV? Viewers love the intellectual stimulation and the emotional thrill of rooting for a participant. Quiz shows allow audience members to test their own knowledge from the comfort of their couches, creating an interactive experience. Furthermore, reality competitions tap into human drama, showcasing intense emotional journeys, resilience, and unexpected triumphs that keep audiences thoroughly hooked. How important is it to be very competitive at sport? A strong competitive drive is essential if an athlete wants to reach an elite, professional level. Without that fierce determination to win, it is difficult to maintain the grueling physical discipline required to excel. However, an unhealthy obsession with winning at all costs can sometimes overshadow the core values of sportsmanship, fairness, and mutual respect. Do you think sportspeople perform better when they play against competitors who are stronger than they are? Generally, yes. Facing superior opponents forces athletes out of their comfort zones, exposes technical flaws in their game, and pushes them to elevate their training intensity. While it can be discouraging initially, competing against stronger rivals serves as one of the most effective catalysts for rapid athletic growth. Why do some people think that taking part in sport is more important than winning? This perspective emphasizes the character-building aspects of physical activity. Participating in sports teaches vital life lessons such as discipline, teamwork, handling failure with grace, and maintaining physical health. Proponents of this view argue that the lifelong personal growth gained from playing the game far outweighs the temporary glory of holding a trophy. Comprehensive Vocabulary List Word / Expression Meaning Meaning in Bangla Example Prominent Important, famous, or easily noticeable. বিশিষ্ট / প্রখ্যাত Rice and bread play a prominent role in daily Asian diets. Culinary Connected with cooking or the kitchen. রন্ধনসংক্রান্ত She enrolled in a culinary course to improve her cooking skills. Kneading Working dough with the hands to mix ingredients and develop gluten. ময়েশ মাখা / খামির প্রস্তুত করা Kneading bread dough properly is essential for getting the right texture. Vies Competes eagerly with someone in order to do or achieve something. প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করা Several companies vie for dominance in the smartphone market. High-stakes Involving serious risks and great potential rewards or consequences. উচ্চ ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ ও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Negotiating a major business contract always feels like a high-stakes situation. Meticulously Showing great attention to detail; very careful and precise. অত্যন্ত যত্নসহকারে ও নিখুঁতভাবে He prepared for the presentation meticulously, leaving no room for errors. Innate Inborn; natural rather than acquired. সহজাত / জন্মগত She has an innate talent for connecting with young children. Mediocrity The quality or state of being mediocre or ordinary. সাধারণ মানের হওয়া / মাঝারি অবস্থা He refused to accept mediocrity and worked twice as hard to excel. Trajectory The path followed by an object moving through space or an evolving course. গতিপথ বা উন্নতির ধারা Winning the scholarship completely changed the academic trajectory of his life. Stimulation The action of raising levels of physiological or mental activity. উদ্দীপনা Reading complex books provides great mental stimulation. Elite Selectively superior; belonging to a small group with high status or ability. অভিজাত / সর্বোচ্চ পর্যায়ের Only elite athletes with years of training qualify for the Olympic games. Catalyst A person or thing that precipitates an event or accelerates change. অনুঘটক / পরিবর্তনের চালিকাশক্তি Losing the first match served as a catalyst for their dramatic comeback.

The Merchant of Venice By William Shakespeare Instruction · Pacing the 10 Minutes: Because this script is larger and more detailed, you must memorize your lines well. Do not speak too fast, but make sure the transitions between scenes are very quick. · Acting the Emotions: The brackets (like this) tell you exactly how to stand, move, and feel. Use your whole body to act! When Shylock is angry, he must look truly scary. When Bassanio is sad, he should look like his heart is broken. Props to Prepare: o Three decorated boxes (Gold, Silver, and plain Lead). o A rolled paper for the "bond". o A folded paper for the messenger's letter. o A safe, fake toy knife for Shylock. o A judge's chair placed on a high table or platform for the Duke. DRAMA SCRIPT: THE MERCHANT OF VENICE CHARACTERS: · NARRATOR: The storyteller. Speaks clearly and loudly to the audience. · ANTONIO: A very rich, kind, and honest merchant of Venice. · BASSANIO: Antonio’s best friend. Handsome, noble, and loves a luxurious life. · SHYLOCK: A very crooked, hateful moneylender. Walks with a hunch and looks greedy. · PORTIA: A beautiful, wise, and wealthy lady from Belmont. · PRINCE OF MOROCCO: A suitor. Very proud. · PRINCE OF SPAIN: A suitor. Has a very high opinion of himself. · MESSENGER: Looks panicked and rushed. · DUKE: The judge of Venice. Looks serious but very sad. · CLERK (PORTIA'S FRIEND): Dressed in a disguise as a young male clerk. SCENE 1: A DESPERATE FRIEND (Situation: A bright street in Venice. Antonio is standing at the center of the stage, smiling and looking out at the audience, pretending to watch his ships. Bassanio runs onto the stage. He looks very worried and grabs Antonio's arm.) NARRATOR: Once upon a time in Venice, Italy, there was a very rich merchant named Antonio. He was a good and kind man who always helped the poor. Antonio had a close friend named Bassanio, a handsome young man who loved grandeur and style. Because Bassanio lived a very luxurious life, he spent more money than he earned. BASSANIO: (Pleading, looking deeply into Antonio's eyes) Dear friend Antonio, I am in great need of some money!. ANTONIO: (Smiling, putting a kind hand on Bassanio's shoulder) What is the matter, my friend? You know I will help you. BASSANIO: (Speaking passionately with his hands) I have fallen in love with a wealthy lady named Portia. She is known not only for her beauty but also for her wisdom!. I know she is soft towards me too. ANTONIO: That is wonderful news! BASSANIO: (Dropping his head in sadness) But I would like to visit Portia at Belmont, grandly dressed and with many servants. And I don't have any money right now. Please, help me to fulfill my intention. ANTONIO: (Laughing softly) This is not a problem, my friend. How much do you need?. BASSANIO: (Looking hopeful again) Three thousand ducats will do. ANTONIO: (Looks thoughtful, rubbing his chin) I don't have that much money with me now, as all my ships have gone out in the sea with merchandise. (He smiles bravely) But don't worry, my friend, I'll arrange three thousand ducats for you. SCENE 2: THE CROOKED MONEYLENDER (Situation: A dark corner of the street. Shylock enters. He is hunched over, rubbing his hands together. He glares angrily at Antonio. Antonio stands tall and brave. Bassanio hides slightly behind Antonio.) NARRATOR: Antonio decided to borrow the sum from a moneylender named Shylock. Shylock was a very crooked man. Shylock and Antonio hated each other. Shylock used to lend money with high interest, and would even send the debtor to prison!. On the contrary, Antonio lent money to help people and would not charge any interest. SHYLOCK: (Speaking in a low, dangerous voice, staring at Antonio) You ask me for money? I agree to lend you money, but on one condition. ANTONIO: (Standing firmly) Tell me your condition, Shylock. SHYLOCK: (Smiling an evil, terrifying smile) If you fail to repay the money in three month's time, you will pay a penalty. I will cut a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio's body!. BASSANIO: (Jumps forward, waving his hands in panic) No! You cannot agree to this! It is a trick! ANTONIO: (Puts his hand up to stop Bassanio, speaking with total confidence) Do not fear. I willingly agree. My ships will soon return with all the rich merchandise, and I can easily return the money to Shylock by selling them. NARRATOR: Shylock made Antonio sign a bond before giving him the money. (Shylock hands Antonio a paper. Antonio signs it. Shylock hands Bassanio a bag of money and walks away laughing evilly.) Antonio took the money and gave it to Bassanio. SCENE 3: THE THREE CASKETS (Situation: A grand room in Belmont. Portia is standing gracefully next to a table. On the table are three boxes: Gold, Silver, and Lead. The Prince of Morocco steps up. He walks like a very proud king.) NARRATOR: Bassanio went to Belmont to visit Portia grandly dressed, with many servants. But before Portia's father died, he had thought of an unusual plan to find a good husband for his daughter. He wanted a man to marry Portia for herself and not for her wealth. He had three caskets made: one of gold, one of silver and one of lead. The suitor who would first choose the casket with Portia's portrait in it would marry her. PRINCE OF MOROCCO: (Looking at the caskets, speaking loudly and proudly) Silver and lead are poor metals. It is the casket made of precious metal that can hold the precious picture. So I choose the gold casket!. (He opens the gold box. His proud face turns into complete horror.) PRINCE OF MOROCCO: (Holding up a picture, almost crying) What is this?! All I found was a picture of a skull!. It has a message that says, "All that glitters is not gold.". (He hangs his head in deep sadness and slowly walks off the stage). (The Prince of Spain marches onto the stage. He looks very arrogant, lifting his nose in the air.) PRINCE OF SPAIN: (Looking down at the boxes with a highly opinionated face) I have a very high opinion about myself. I deserve the best!. On the silver casket it is written, "He who chooses me will get what he deserves.". I therefore choose the silver casket!. (He opens the silver box. He gasps and looks extremely insulted.) PRINCE OF SPAIN: (Shouting in anger) Inside the casket is the picture of a blinking fool!. I am disappointed and offended!. (He immediately spins around and storms off the stage). SCENE 4: JOY TURNS TO SORROW (Situation: Bassanio steps up to the table. He looks deeply at the caskets, taking his time. Portia watches him nervously but softly.) BASSANIO: (Speaking wisely, pacing back and forth) Appearances are often misleading. Bad men appear good and they hide their inner ugliness under fine clothes. So I choose the plain looking lead casket!. (He opens the lead box. His face lights up with a massive smile.) BASSANIO: (Holding up the picture) I found the portrait of Portia inside!. PORTIA: (Clapping her hands together in joy) Oh, wonderful! NARRATOR: Bassanio and Portia got married, and the newly married couple were spending their time happily. But soon their happiness turned into sorrow by a piece of news. (A Messenger runs onto the stage, out of breath. He falls to his knees and hands a folded letter to Bassanio.) MESSENGER: (Panting heavily) A letter from Antonio, sir!. BASSANIO: (Opens the letter. As he reads, his body shakes and he looks terrified) Oh no! Listen to this! "Dear friend Bassanio, all my ships have been lost at sea.". "I cannot pay the money I owe to Shylock. So I have to pay the penalty.". PORTIA: (Gasping) The penalty! BASSANIO: (Tears in his eyes) He writes, "Dear friend, come and see me if possible. I would like to see you once before I die.". (Turns to Portia desperately) I must quickly leave for Venice!. SCENE 5: THE COURT OF JUSTICE (Situation: The Courtroom. The Duke sits very high up. Antonio stands looking helpless and sad. Shylock stands on the other side holding a large, fake knife, looking extremely eager and happy. Bassanio runs into the room.) NARRATOR: When Bassanio reached Venice, Antonio was already in the court of justice. They were waiting for the trial to begin. The Duke entered the courtroom, took his seat and the trial began. DUKE: (Leaning forward, speaking with a gentle, begging voice) Shylock, I request you to be merciful and not to claim your pound of flesh. SHYLOCK: (Shaking his head violently, shouting) I will not listen!. I claim my pound of flesh! The law is on my side. Antonio must pay the penalty written in the bond!. BASSANIO: (Running up to Shylock, falling to his knees and holding out a bag of money) Shylock, please! I offer you twice the amount of money that you lent Antonio!. Take it! SHYLOCK: (Kicking the bag away) I do not accept it!. NARRATOR: The Duke was extremely sorry that he could do nothing to help Antonio. The law was on Shylock's side and the law must be abided. (The Clerk enters. He is dressed like a young boy, but it is actually Portia's friend. He bows to the Duke and hands him a letter.) CLERK: Your Grace! The wisest lawyer in Venice is ill and would not be able to come to the court. He requests you to let his young friend, Doctor Balthazar, defend Antonio. DUKE: (Looking doubtful but desperate) I give my permission. Enter, Doctor Balthazar!. SCENE 6: THE WISE LAWYER'S TRICK (Situation: Portia enters. She is disguised in a large, dark lawyer’s robe, hiding her hair. She stands very tall and confident.) NARRATOR: The young lawyer looked very young, and the Duke doubted if his wisdom could save Antonio. But this young lawyer was no other than Portia in disguise!. PORTIA: (Turns to Shylock, speaking in a deep, powerful voice) Shylock, I beg you to be merciful. Mercy brings a blessing to him who shows it and to him who receives it. All of us pray to God for mercy. But God will only have mercy on us if we have mercy on others. SHYLOCK: (Turning his back to her, crossing his arms) I pay no heed to you! All I want is my pound of flesh!. PORTIA: (Looking at Bassanio) Can't Antonio pay the debt?. BASSANIO: (Crying out with great passion) Yes, he can pay it, and even more!. Even I can pay ten times the sum my friend borrowed from Shylock!. PORTIA: (Stepping closer to Shylock) Won't you take the money, Shylock?. SHYLOCK: (Waving his knife in the air) No, I demand the lawful penalty!. Give me my pound of flesh!. PORTIA: Let me see the bond Shylock. (Shylock hands her the rolled paper. She reads it with great attention. The whole courtroom is silent and terrified.) You are right Shylock. The law is on your side. You can claim the flesh. (She lowers her voice softly) But I would request you one more time to accept the sum Bassanio is offering you, and let me tear up the bond. SHYLOCK: (Stomping his foot) I will not give up my claim!. PORTIA: (Sighs heavily, turns to Antonio) Get ready Antonio for Shylock to cut his pound of flesh. The law gives it to him. SHYLOCK: (Jumping in the air, filled with extreme joy. He praises Portia loudly) Oh noble judge!. Oh excellent young man, you are a second Daniel, who has come to this earth!. PORTIA: Cut the pound of flesh you demanded. (Situation: VERY DRAMATIC. The courtroom freezes. Shylock walks very slowly towards Antonio. He smiles an evil smile. He raises his knife high into the air. Bassanio covers his eyes.) SHYLOCK: Uncover your chest!. (He is just about to strike the knife down...) PORTIA: (Points her finger at Shylock and shouts with a booming voice) WAIT A SECOND, SHYLOCK!. (Shylock freezes like a statue. Everyone opens their eyes and looks at Portia.) PORTIA: (Smiling a very clever smile) Never forget - there is no mention of blood in the bond. Therefore, you cannot shed a single drop of blood while you cut your pound of flesh; or else you pay the penalty!. And the penalty is, the state will take your property from you!. You lose everything that you have now, Shylock!. (Situation: Shylock drops the knife on the floor with a loud CLATTER. His eyes are wide with shock and fear.) SHYLOCK: (Stuttering, stepping backward) It... it is not possible for me to cut a pound of flesh without shedding blood!. NARRATOR: Shylock understood he was defeated by the wise lawyer. (Shylock hangs his head down so low it touches his chest. He looks completely broken. Without another word, he slowly walks out of the courtroom, dragging his feet in defeat). NARRATOR: Thus Antonio's life was saved!. (Bassanio jumps up and hugs Antonio tightly. The Duke claps his hands. Portia winks at the audience. All characters come to the center of the stage, hold hands, and take a deep bow.) [THE END] Bangla Translation: The Merchant of Venice [দ্য মার্চেন্ট অব ভেনিস] By William Shakespeare [উইলিয়াম শেক্সপিয়র রচিত] Instruction [নির্দেশনা] · Pacing the 10 Minutes: Because this script is larger and more detailed, you must memorize your lines well. [১০ মিনিটের সময়সীমা: যেহেতু এই নাট্যরূপটি অপেক্ষাকৃত দীর্ঘ ও বিস্তারিত, তাই আপনাকে অবশ্যই সংলাপগুলো উত্তমরূপে মুখস্থ করতে হবে।] Do not speak too fast, but make sure the transitions between scenes are very quick. [অত্যধিক দ্রুত কথা বলবেন না, তবে দৃশ্যপট পরিবর্তনের কাজটি যেন অত্যন্ত দ্রুতগতিতে সম্পন্ন হয়, তা নিশ্চিত করবেন।] · Acting the Emotions: The brackets (like this) tell you exactly how to stand, move, and feel. [আবেগ প্রদর্শন: বন্ধনীর ভেতরের লেখাগুলো (ঠিক এরকম) আপনাকে নির্দেশ দেবে কীভাবে দাঁড়াতে হবে, নড়াচড়া করতে হবে এবং আবেগ অনুভব করতে হবে।] Use your whole body to act! [অভিনয় করার জন্য আপনার সমগ্র শরীর ব্যবহার করুন!] When Shylock is angry, he must look truly scary. [শাইলক যখন ক্রুদ্ধ হন, তখন তাকে দেখতে সত্যিকার অর্থেই ভীতিকর লাগতে হবে।] When Bassanio is sad, he should look like his heart is broken. [ব্যাসানিও যখন বিষণ্ণ থাকেন, তখন তাকে দেখে মনে হতে হবে যেন তার হৃদয় ভগ্ন হয়ে গেছে।] · Props to Prepare: [প্রয়োজনীয় আনুষঙ্গিক সরঞ্জাম:] o Three decorated boxes (Gold, Silver, and plain Lead). [তিনটি কারুকার্যমণ্ডিত বাক্স (স্বর্ণ, রৌপ্য এবং সাধারণ সীসা নির্মিত)।] o A rolled paper for the "bond". ["বন্ড" বা চুক্তিপত্রের জন্য একটি গোটানো কাগজ।] o A folded paper for the messenger's letter. [বার্তাবাহকের চিঠির জন্য একটি ভাঁজ করা কাগজ।] o A safe, fake toy knife for Shylock. [শাইলক-এর জন্য একটি নিরাপদ, নকল খেলনা ছুরি।] o A judge's chair placed on a high table or platform for the Duke. [ডিউক-এর জন্য একটি উঁচু টেবিল বা মঞ্চের ওপর স্থাপিত বিচারকের আসন।] DRAMA SCRIPT: THE MERCHANT OF VENICE [নাট্যরূপ: দ্য মার্চেন্ট অব ভেনিস] CHARACTERS: [চরিত্রসমূহ:] · NARRATOR: The storyteller. [সূত্রধর: গল্পকথক।] Speaks clearly and loudly to the audience. [দর্শকমণ্ডলীর উদ্দেশ্যে স্পষ্ট ও উচ্চস্বরে কথা বলবেন।] · ANTONIO: A very rich, kind, and honest merchant of Venice. [অ্যান্টোনিও: ভেনিসের একজন অত্যন্ত ধনাঢ্য, দয়ালু এবং সৎ বণিক।] · BASSANIO: Antonio’s best friend. [ব্যাসানিও: অ্যান্টনিও-এর অন্তরঙ্গ বন্ধু।] Handsome, noble, and loves a luxurious life. [সুদর্শন, মহৎ এবং বিলাসবহুল জীবনযাপনে অনুরাগী।] · SHYLOCK: A very crooked, hateful moneylender. [শাইলক: একজন অত্যন্ত কুটিল ও ঘৃণ্য মহাজন।] Walks with a hunch and looks greedy. [কুঁজো হয়ে হাঁটেন এবং তাকে দেখতে অত্যন্ত লোভী প্রতীয়মান হয়।] · PORTIA: A beautiful, wise, and wealthy lady from Belmont. [পোর্শিয়া: বেলমন্টের এক অনিন্দ্যসুন্দরী, প্রজ্ঞাবান এবং বিত্তশালী নারী।] · PRINCE OF MOROCCO: A suitor. [মরক্কোর যুবরাজ: একজন পাণিপ্রার্থী।] Very proud. [অত্যন্ত অহংকারী।] · PRINCE OF SPAIN: A suitor. [স্পেনের যুবরাজ: একজন পাণিপ্রার্থী।] Has a very high opinion of himself. [নিজেকে নিয়ে তার অত্যন্ত উচ্চ ধারণা রয়েছে।] · MESSENGER: Looks panicked and rushed. [বার্তাবাহক: তাকে দেখতে আতঙ্কগ্রস্ত এবং অত্যন্ত ব্যস্ত মনে হয়।] · DUKE: The judge of Venice. [ডিউক: ভেনিসের বিচারক।] Looks serious but very sad. [তাকে গম্ভীর কিন্তু অত্যন্ত বিষণ্ণ দেখায়।] · CLERK (PORTIA'S FRIEND): Dressed in a disguise as a young male clerk. [ক্লার্ক (পোর্শিয়া-এর বন্ধু): একজন তরুণ পুরুষ করণিক বা ক্লার্কের ছদ্মবেশে সজ্জিত।] SCENE 1: A DESPERATE FRIEND [দৃশ্য ১: এক মরিয়া বন্ধু] (Situation: A bright street in Venice. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: ভেনিসের একটি আলোকিত রাজপথ।] Antonio is standing at the center of the stage, smiling and looking out at the audience, pretending to watch his ships. [অ্যান্টোনিও মঞ্চের ঠিক মাঝখানে দাঁড়িয়ে হাস্যোজ্জ্বল মুখে দর্শকদের দিকে তাকিয়ে আছেন, যেন তিনি তার জাহাজগুলো পর্যবেক্ষণ করছেন।] Bassanio runs onto the stage. [ব্যাসানিও দৌড়ে মঞ্চে প্রবেশ করেন।] He looks very worried and grabs Antonio's arm.) [তাকে অত্যন্ত উদ্বিগ্ন দেখাচ্ছে এবং তিনি অ্যান্টনিও-এর হাত আঁকড়ে ধরেন।)] NARRATOR: Once upon a time in Venice, Italy, there was a very rich merchant named Antonio. [সূত্রধর: এককালে ইতালির ভেনিস নগরীতে অ্যান্টনিও নামক এক অত্যন্ত ধনাঢ্য বণিক বসবাস করতেন।] He was a good and kind man who always helped the poor. [তিনি ছিলেন এক সজ্জন ও দয়ালু ব্যক্তি, যিনি সর্বদা দরিদ্রদের সহায়তা করতেন।] Antonio had a close friend named Bassanio, a handsome young man who loved grandeur and style. [ব্যাসানিও নামক অ্যান্টনিও-এর এক অন্তরঙ্গ বন্ধু ছিলেন, যিনি জাঁকজমক ও আভিজাত্য অনুরাগী এক সুদর্শন যুবক।] Because Bassanio lived a very luxurious life, he spent more money than he earned. [ব্যাসানিও অত্যন্ত বিলাসবহুল জীবনযাপন করতেন বিধায় উপার্জনের তুলনায় তার ব্যয়ভার অধিক ছিল।] BASSANIO: (Pleading, looking deeply into Antonio's eyes) Dear friend Antonio, I am in great need of some money!. [ব্যাসানিও: (অনুনয়ের সুরে, অ্যান্টনিও-এর চোখের দিকে গভীরভাবে দৃষ্টিপাত করে) প্রিয় বন্ধু অ্যান্টনিও, আমার কিছু অর্থের ভীষণ প্রয়োজন!] ANTONIO: (Smiling, putting a kind hand on Bassanio's shoulder) What is the matter, my friend? [অ্যান্টোনিও: (হাসিমুখে, ব্যাসানিও-এর কাঁধে স্নেহের হাত রেখে) কী বিষয়, আমার বন্ধু?] You know I will help you. [তুমি তো জানো আমি তোমাকে সহায়তা করব।] BASSANIO: (Speaking passionately with his hands) I have fallen in love with a wealthy lady named Portia. [ব্যাসানিও: (আবেগভরে হাত নেড়ে কথা বলতে বলতে) আমি পোর্শিয়া নামক এক বিত্তশালী নারীর প্রেমে আবদ্ধ হয়েছি।] She is known not only for her beauty but also for her wisdom!. [তিনি কেবল তার রূপের জন্যই নয়, বরং তার প্রজ্ঞার জন্যও সমাদৃত!] I know she is soft towards me too. [আমি অবগত আছি যে আমার প্রতিও তার অনুকম্পা রয়েছে।] ANTONIO: That is wonderful news! [অ্যান্টোনিও: এ তো চমৎকার সুসংবাদ!] BASSANIO: (Dropping his head in sadness) But I would like to visit Portia at Belmont, grandly dressed and with many servants. [ব্যাসানিও: (বিষণ্ণতায় আনত মস্তকে) তবে আমি চাই অত্যন্ত জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ পোশাকে এবং বহু দাস-দাসী পরিবেষ্টিত হয়ে বেলমন্টে পোর্শিয়া-এর সাথে সাক্ষাৎ করতে।] And I don't have any money right now. [এবং এই মুহূর্তে আমার নিকট কোনো অর্থ নেই।] Please, help me to fulfill my intention. [অনুগ্রহপূর্বক, আমার এই অভিলাষ পূরণে আমাকে সহায়তা করো।] ANTONIO: (Laughing softly) This is not a problem, my friend. [অ্যান্টোনিও: (মৃদু হেসে) এটি কোনো সমস্যাই নয়, বন্ধু।] How much do you need?. [তোমার কত অর্থের প্রয়োজন?] BASSANIO: (Looking hopeful again) Three thousand ducats will do. [ব্যাসানিও: (পুনরায় আশাবাদী দৃষ্টিতে তাকিয়ে) তিন হাজার ডুকাট হলেই চলবে।] ANTONIO: (Looks thoughtful, rubbing his chin) I don't have that much money with me now, as all my ships have gone out in the sea with merchandise. [অ্যান্টোনিও: (চিন্তিত মুখে, চিবুকে হাত বুলিয়ে) আমার কাছে এখন এত অর্থ নেই, কারণ আমার সকল জাহাজ পণ্যদ্রব্য নিয়ে সমুদ্রে পাড়ি জমিয়েছে।] (He smiles bravely) But don't worry, my friend, I'll arrange three thousand ducats for you. [(তিনি সাহসিকতার সাথে হাসেন) তবে চিন্তিত হয়ো না বন্ধু, আমি তোমার জন্য তিন হাজার ডুকাটের ব্যবস্থা করে দেব।] SCENE 2: THE CROOKED MONEYLENDER [দৃশ্য ২: এক কুটিল মহাজন] (Situation: A dark corner of the street. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: রাজপথের একটি অন্ধকার কোণ।] Shylock enters. [শাইলক-এর প্রবেশ।] He is hunched over, rubbing his hands together. [তিনি কুঁজো হয়ে আছেন এবং তার দু'হাত ঘষছেন।] He glares angrily at Antonio. [তিনি অ্যান্টনিও-এর দিকে ক্রুদ্ধ দৃষ্টিতে তাকান।] Antonio stands tall and brave. [অ্যান্টোনিও সাহসের সাথে মাথা উঁচু করে দাঁড়িয়ে আছেন।] Bassanio hides slightly behind Antonio.) [ব্যাসানিও অ্যান্টনিও-এর পশ্চাতে কিঞ্চিৎ লুক্কায়িত থাকেন।)] NARRATOR: Antonio decided to borrow the sum from a moneylender named Shylock. [সূত্রধর: অ্যান্টনিও শাইলক নামক এক মহাজনের নিকট হতে অর্থ ধার করার সিদ্ধান্ত গ্রহণ করলেন।] Shylock was a very crooked man. [শাইলক ছিলেন অত্যন্ত কুটিল প্রকৃতির মানুষ।] Shylock and Antonio hated each other. [শাইলক এবং অ্যান্টনিও একে অপরকে তীব্র ঘৃণা করতেন।] Shylock used to lend money with high interest, and would even send the debtor to prison!. [শাইলক চড়া সুদে অর্থ ধার দিতেন, এবং এমনকি ঋণগ্রস্ত ব্যক্তিকে কারাগারেও প্রেরণ করতেন!] On the contrary, Antonio lent money to help people and would not charge any interest. [বিপরীতক্রমে, অ্যান্টনিও মানুষকে সাহায্য করার উদ্দেশ্যে অর্থ ধার দিতেন এবং কোনো সুদ গ্রহণ করতেন না।] SHYLOCK: (Speaking in a low, dangerous voice, staring at Antonio) You ask me for money? [শাইলক: (নিচু, ভয়ংকর স্বরে অ্যান্টনিও-এর দিকে তাকিয়ে) তুমি আমার কাছে অর্থ চাইছ?] I agree to lend you money, but on one condition. [আমি তোমাকে অর্থ ধার দিতে সম্মত আছি, তবে একটি শর্তে।] ANTONIO: (Standing firmly) Tell me your condition, Shylock. [অ্যান্টোনিও: (দৃঢ়তার সাথে দাঁড়িয়ে) তোমার শর্তটি ব্যক্ত করো, শাইলক।] SHYLOCK: (Smiling an evil, terrifying smile) If you fail to repay the money in three month's time, you will pay a penalty. [শাইলক: (একটি শয়তানি, ভয়ঙ্কর হাসি হেসে) যদি তুমি তিন মাসের মধ্যে অর্থ পরিশোধ করতে ব্যর্থ হও, তবে তোমাকে জরিমানা প্রদান করতে হবে।] I will cut a pound of flesh from any part of Antonio's body!. [আমি অ্যান্টনিও-এর শরীরের যে কোনো অংশ হতে এক পাউন্ড মাংস কর্তন করে নেব!] BASSANIO: (Jumps forward, waving his hands in panic) No! [ব্যাসানিও: (সম্মুখে লম্ফ দিয়ে, আতঙ্কে হাত নেড়ে) না!] You cannot agree to this! [তুমি এতে সম্মত হতে পারো না!] It is a trick! [এটি একটি চক্রান্ত!] ANTONIO: (Puts his hand up to stop Bassanio, speaking with total confidence) Do not fear. [অ্যান্টোনিও: (ব্যাসানিও-কে নিবৃত্ত করতে হাত তুলে, পূর্ণ আত্মবিশ্বাসের সাথে) ভীত হয়ো না।] I willingly agree. [আমি স্বেচ্ছায় সম্মত আছি।] My ships will soon return with all the rich merchandise, and I can easily return the money to Shylock by selling them. [আমার জাহাজগুলো অতিসত্বর মূল্যবান সব পণ্যদ্রব্য নিয়ে প্রত্যাবর্তন করবে, এবং সেগুলো বিক্রয় করে আমি সহজেই শাইলক-কে অর্থ ফেরত দিতে সক্ষম হব।] NARRATOR: Shylock made Antonio sign a bond before giving him the money. [সূত্রধর: অর্থ প্রদানের পূর্বে শাইলক অ্যান্টনিও-কে দিয়ে একটি চুক্তিপত্রে স্বাক্ষর করিয়ে নিলেন।] (Shylock hands Antonio a paper. [(শাইলক অ্যান্টনিও-এর হস্তে একটি কাগজ প্রদান করেন।] Antonio signs it. [অ্যান্টোনিও তাতে স্বাক্ষর করেন।] Shylock hands Bassanio a bag of money and walks away laughing evilly.) [শাইলক ব্যাসানিও-এর হাতে একটি অর্থের থলি প্রদান করেন এবং পৈশাচিক হাসি হাসতে হাসতে প্রস্থান করেন।)] Antonio took the money and gave it to Bassanio. [অ্যান্টোনিও অর্থ গ্রহণ করলেন এবং তা ব্যাসানিও-কে অর্পণ করলেন।] SCENE 3: THE THREE CASKETS [दृश्य ৩: তিনটি পেটিকা] (Situation: A grand room in Belmont. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: বেলমন্টের একটি জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ কক্ষ।] Portia is standing gracefully next to a table. [পোর্শিয়া একটি টেবিলের পাশে অপরূপ ভঙ্গিমায় দাঁড়িয়ে আছেন।] On the table are three boxes: Gold, Silver, and Lead. [টেবিলের ওপর তিনটি পেটিকা বা বাক্স সংরক্ষিত আছে: স্বর্ণ, রৌপ্য এবং সীসার।] The Prince of Morocco steps up. [মরক্কোর যুবরাজ সম্মুখে অগ্রসর হন।] He walks like a very proud king.) [তিনি এক অত্যন্ত দম্ভোন্মত্ত রাজার ন্যায় হেঁটে আসেন।)] NARRATOR: Bassanio went to Belmont to visit Portia grandly dressed, with many servants. [সূত্রধর: ব্যাসানিও বহু দাস-দাসী পরিবেষ্টিত হয়ে জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ পোশাকে পোর্শিয়া-এর সাথে সাক্ষাৎ করতে বেলমন্টে গমন করলেন।] But before Portia's father died, he had thought of an unusual plan to find a good husband for his daughter. [তবে পোর্শিয়া-এর পিতা মৃত্যুবরণ করার পূর্বে, নিজ কন্যার জন্য একজন যোগ্য স্বামী নির্বাচনের নিমিত্তে একটি অভিনব পরিকল্পনার কথা চিন্তা করেছিলেন।] He wanted a man to marry Portia for herself and not for her wealth. [তিনি চেয়েছিলেন এমন এক ব্যক্তি পোর্শিয়া-কে বিবাহ করুক যে তাকে ভালোবাসবে, তার সম্পদকে নয়।] He had three caskets made: one of gold, one of silver and one of lead. [তিনি তিনটি পেটিকা নির্মাণ করিয়েছিলেন: একটি স্বর্ণের, একটি রৌপ্যের এবং একটি সীসার।] The suitor who would first choose the casket with Portia's portrait in it would marry her. [যে পাণিপ্রার্থী সর্বপ্রথম পোর্শিয়া-এর প্রতিকৃতি সংবলিত পেটিকাটি নির্বাচন করতে সক্ষম হবেন, তিনিই তাকে বিবাহ করবেন।] PRINCE OF MOROCCO: (Looking at the caskets, speaking loudly and proudly) Silver and lead are poor metals. [মরক্কোর যুবরাজ: (পেটিকাগুলোর দিকে তাকিয়ে, উচ্চস্বরে এবং দম্ভের সাথে) রৌপ্য এবং সীসা হলো নিকৃষ্ট ধাতু।] It is the casket made of precious metal that can hold the precious picture. [মূল্যবান ধাতু দ্বারা নির্মিত পেটিকাটিতেই কেবল মূল্যবান ছবিটি সংরক্ষিত থাকতে পারে।] So I choose the gold casket!. [সুতরাং আমি স্বর্ণের পেটিকাটিই নির্বাচন করলাম!] (He opens the gold box. [(তিনি স্বর্ণের বাক্সটি উন্মুক্ত করেন।] His proud face turns into complete horror.) [তার গর্বিত মুখমণ্ডল চরম আতঙ্কে রূপ ধারণ করে।)] PRINCE OF MOROCCO: (Holding up a picture, almost crying) What is this?! [মরক্কোর যুবরাজ: (একটি চিত্র উঁচিয়ে ধরে, প্রায় ক্রন্দনরত অবস্থায়) এসব কী?!] All I found was a picture of a skull!. [আমি যা পেলাম তা তো নিছকই একটি মাথার খুলির চিত্র!] It has a message that says, "All that glitters is not gold.". [এতে একটি বার্তা উৎকীর্ণ আছে, "চকচক করলেই সোনা হয় না"।] (He hangs his head in deep sadness and slowly walks off the stage). [(তিনি গভীর বিষাদে আনত মস্তকে ধীর পদক্ষেপে মঞ্চ হতে প্রস্থান করেন)।] (The Prince of Spain marches onto the stage. [(স্পেনের যুবরাজ সদর্পে মঞ্চে প্রবেশ করেন।] He looks very arrogant, lifting his nose in the air.) [অহংকারে নাসিকা ঊর্ধ্বে উত্তোলন করে রাখা অবস্থায় তাকে অত্যন্ত দাম্ভিক প্রতীয়মান হয়।)] PRINCE OF SPAIN: (Looking down at the boxes with a highly opinionated face) I have a very high opinion about myself. [স্পেনের যুবরাজ: (অত্যন্ত আত্মম্ভরী চেহারায় বাক্সগুলোর দিকে দৃষ্টিপাত করে) নিজেকে নিয়ে আমার অত্যন্ত উচ্চ ধারণা রয়েছে।] I deserve the best!. [আমি সর্বোত্তম বস্তুরই যোগ্য!] On the silver casket it is written, "He who chooses me will get what he deserves.". [রৌপ্য পেটিকায় লিখিত আছে, "যে আমাকে নির্বাচন করবে, সে তার প্রাপ্যটাই লাভ করবে"।] I therefore choose the silver casket!. [অতএব আমি রৌপ্যের পেটিকাটিই নির্বাচন করলাম!] (He opens the silver box. [(তিনি রৌপ্যের বাক্সটি উন্মুক্ত করেন।] He gasps and looks extremely insulted.) [তিনি দীর্ঘশ্বাস ত্যাগ করেন এবং তাকে চরমভাবে অপমানিত দেখায়।)] PRINCE OF SPAIN: (Shouting in anger) Inside the casket is the picture of a blinking fool!. [স্পেনের যুবরাজ: (ক্রোধে চিৎকার করে) পেটিকার অভ্যন্তরে একটি চক্ষু পিটপিট করা বোকার চিত্র!] I am disappointed and offended!. [আমি চরমভাবে হতাশ এবং অপমানিত!] (He immediately spins around and storms off the stage). [(তিনি তৎক্ষণাৎ ঘুরে দাঁড়ান এবং ক্ষোভে ফেটে পড়ে মঞ্চ ত্যাগ করেন)।] SCENE 4: JOY TURNS TO SORROW [দৃশ্য ৪: আনন্দের বিষাদে রূপান্তর] (Situation: Bassanio steps up to the table. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: ব্যাসানিও টেবিলের সন্নিকটে অগ্রসর হন।] He looks deeply at the caskets, taking his time. [তিনি সময়ক্ষেপণ করে পেটিকাগুলোর দিকে গভীরভাবে দৃষ্টিপাত করেন।] Portia watches him nervously but softly.) [পোর্শিয়া উদ্বিগ্ন কিন্তু কোমল দৃষ্টিতে তাকে পর্যবেক্ষণ করছেন।)] BASSANIO: (Speaking wisely, pacing back and forth) Appearances are often misleading. [ব্যাসানিও: (প্রজ্ঞার সাথে, সম্মুখে ও পশ্চাতে পায়চারি করতে করতে) বাহ্যিক রূপ প্রায়শই বিভ্রান্তিকর হয়ে থাকে।] Bad men appear good and they hide their inner ugliness under fine clothes. [দুষ্ট প্রকৃতির মানুষদের দেখতে সজ্জন মনে হয় এবং তারা সুন্দর পোশাকের আড়ালে নিজেদের অন্তর্নিহিত কদর্যতা লুকিয়ে রাখে।] So I choose the plain looking lead casket!. [তাই আমি সাধারণ দর্শন সীসার পেটিকাটিই নির্বাচন করলাম!] (He opens the lead box. [(তিনি সীসার বাক্সটি উন্মুক্ত করেন।] His face lights up with a massive smile.) [তার মুখমণ্ডল এক সুবিশাল হাসিতে উদ্ভাসিত হয়ে ওঠে।)] BASSANIO: (Holding up the picture) I found the portrait of Portia inside!. [ব্যাসানিও: (চিত্রটি উঁচিয়ে ধরে) আমি এর অভ্যন্তরে পোর্শিয়া-এর প্রতিকৃতি পেয়েছি!] PORTIA: (Clapping her hands together in joy) Oh, wonderful! [পোর্শিয়া: (আনন্দে করতালি প্রদান করে) ওহ, চমৎকার!] NARRATOR: Bassanio and Portia got married, and the newly married couple were spending their time happily. [সূত্রধর: ব্যাসানিও এবং পোর্শিয়া বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হলেন, আর নবদম্পতি অত্যন্ত সুখে তাদের সময় অতিবাহিত করছিলেন।] But soon their happiness turned into sorrow by a piece of news. [তবে অনতিবিলম্বে একটি সংবাদে তাদের সেই আনন্দ বিষাদে রূপান্তরিত হলো।] (A Messenger runs onto the stage, out of breath. [(এক বার্তাবাহক হাঁপাতে হাঁপাতে মঞ্চে দৌড়ে আসেন।] He falls to his knees and hands a folded letter to Bassanio.) [তিনি জানু পেতে বসেন এবং ব্যাসানিও-এর হস্তে একটি ভাঁজ করা পত্র অর্পণ করেন।)] MESSENGER: (Panting heavily) A letter from Antonio, sir!. [বার্তাবাহক: (জোরে জোরে হাঁপাতে হাঁপাতে) অ্যান্টনিও-এর নিকট হতে একটি পত্র এসেছে, মহোদয়!] BASSANIO: (Opens the letter. [ব্যাসানিও: (পত্রটি উন্মুক্ত করেন।] As he reads, his body shakes and he looks terrified) Oh no! [পঠনকালে তার শরীর কম্পমান হতে থাকে এবং তাকে অত্যন্ত ভীত দেখায়) ওহ না!] Listen to this! [এটি শ্রবণ করো!] "Dear friend Bassanio, all my ships have been lost at sea.". ["প্রিয় বন্ধু ব্যাসানিও, আমার সকল জাহাজ সমুদ্রে নিমজ্জিত হয়েছে"।] "I cannot pay the money I owe to Shylock. ["আমি শাইলক-এর নিকট আমার ঋণের অর্থ পরিশোধ করতে অক্ষম।] So I have to pay the penalty.". [কাজেই আমাকে জরিমানা প্রদান করতে হবে"।] PORTIA: (Gasping) The penalty! [পোর্শিয়া: (দীর্ঘশ্বাস ত্যাগ করে) জরিমানা!] BASSANIO: (Tears in his eyes) He writes, "Dear friend, come and see me if possible. [ব্যাসানিও: (অশ্রুসজল নয়নে) সে লিখেছে, "প্রিয় বন্ধু, সম্ভব হলে এসে আমার সাথে সাক্ষাৎ করো।] I would like to see you once before I die.". [আমি মৃত্যুবরণ করার পূর্বে একবার তোমাকে দেখতে চাই"।] (Turns to Portia desperately) I must quickly leave for Venice!. [(মরিয়া হয়ে পোর্শিয়া-এর দিকে ফিরে) আমাকে অবিলম্বে ভেনিসের উদ্দেশ্যে যাত্রা করতে হবে!] SCENE 5: THE COURT OF JUSTICE [দৃশ্য ৫: বিচারালয়] (Situation: The Courtroom. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: বিচারকক্ষ।] The Duke sits very high up. [ডিউক অনেক উঁচুতে উপবিষ্ট আছেন।] Antonio stands looking helpless and sad. [অ্যান্টোনিও-কে অসহায় এবং বিষণ্ণ অবস্থায় দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে দেখা যায়।] Shylock stands on the other side holding a large, fake knife, looking extremely eager and happy. [শাইলক অন্যপ্রান্তে একটি বৃহৎ, নকল ছুরি হস্তে অত্যন্ত আগ্রহী এবং প্রফুল্ল চিত্তে দাঁড়িয়ে আছেন।] Bassanio runs into the room.) [ব্যাসানিও দৌড়ে কক্ষে প্রবেশ করেন।)] NARRATOR: When Bassanio reached Venice, Antonio was already in the court of justice. [সূত্রধর: ব্যাসানিও যখন ভেনিসে উপনীত হলেন, অ্যান্টনিও ততক্ষণে বিচারালয়ে উপস্থিত ছিলেন।] They were waiting for the trial to begin. [তারা বিচারকার্য শুরু হওয়ার অপেক্ষায় ছিলেন।] The Duke entered the courtroom, took his seat and the trial began. [ডিউক বিচারকক্ষে প্রবেশ করলেন, নিজ আসন গ্রহণ করলেন এবং বিচারকার্য শুরু হলো।] DUKE: (Leaning forward, speaking with a gentle, begging voice) Shylock, I request you to be merciful and not to claim your pound of flesh. [ডিউক: (সম্মুখপানে ঝুঁকে, মৃদু ও অনুনয়ের স্বরে) শাইলক, আমি তোমাকে অনুরোধ করছি দয়ালু হতে এবং তোমার এক পাউন্ড মাংস দাবি না করতে।] SHYLOCK: (Shaking his head violently, shouting) I will not listen!. [শাইলক: (প্রচণ্ড বেগে মস্তক সঞ্চালন করে, চিৎকার করে) আমি কর্ণপাত করব না!] I claim my pound of flesh! [আমি আমার এক পাউন্ড মাংসই দাবি করছি!] The law is on my side. [আইন আমার স্বপক্ষে রয়েছে।] Antonio must pay the penalty written in the bond!. [চুক্তিপত্রে লিখিত জরিমানা অ্যান্টনিও-কে প্রদান করতেই হবে!] BASSANIO: (Running up to Shylock, falling to his knees and holding out a bag of money) Shylock, please! [ব্যাসানিও: (শাইলক-এর দিকে দৌড়ে গিয়ে, জানু পেতে বসে একটি অর্থের থলি বাড়িয়ে দিয়ে) শাইলক, দয়া করো!] I offer you twice the amount of money that you lent Antonio!. [তুমি অ্যান্টনিও-কে যে পরিমাণ অর্থ ধার দিয়েছিলে আমি তোমাকে তার দ্বিগুণ অর্থ প্রদান করছি!] Take it! [এটি গ্রহণ করো!] SHYLOCK: (Kicking the bag away) I do not accept it!. [শাইলক: (থলিটি পদাঘাতে সরিয়ে দিয়ে) আমি এটি গ্রহণ করব না!] NARRATOR: The Duke was extremely sorry that he could do nothing to help Antonio. [সূত্রধর: ডিউক অত্যন্ত ব্যথিত ছিলেন যে তিনি অ্যান্টনিও-কে সহায়তা করার জন্য কিছুই করতে পারছিলেন না।] The law was on Shylock's side and the law must be abided. [আইন ছিল শাইলক-এর পক্ষে এবং আইনকে অবশ্যই মান্য করতে হবে।] (The Clerk enters. [(ক্লার্ক-এর প্রবেশ।] He is dressed like a young boy, but it is actually Portia's friend. [তার পরিধানে এক অল্পবয়সী বালকের পোশাক, কিন্তু তিনি প্রকৃতপক্ষে পোর্শিয়া-এর বন্ধু।] He bows to the Duke and hands him a letter.) [তিনি ডিউক-কে মস্তক অবনত করে সম্মান প্রদর্শন করেন এবং তার হস্তে একটি পত্র অর্পণ করেন।)] CLERK: Your Grace! [ক্লার্ক: জাঁহাপনা!] The wisest lawyer in Venice is ill and would not be able to come to the court. [ভেনিসের সর্বাধিক বিজ্ঞ আইনজীবী অসুস্থ এবং আদালতে উপস্থিত হতে পারবেন না।] He requests you to let his young friend, Doctor Balthazar, defend Antonio. [তিনি বিনীত অনুরোধ করেছেন যেন তার তরুণ বন্ধু ডক্টর বালথাজারকে অ্যান্টনিও-এর পক্ষে মামলা পরিচালনার অনুমতি প্রদান করা হয়।] DUKE: (Looking doubtful but desperate) I give my permission. [ডিউক: (সন্দেহপ্রবণ কিন্তু মরিয়া দৃষ্টিতে) আমি আমার অনুমতি প্রদান করছি।] Enter, Doctor Balthazar!. [প্রবেশ করুন, ডক্টর বালথাজার!] SCENE 6: THE WISE LAWYER'S TRICK [দৃশ্য ৬: প্রজ্ঞাবান আইনজীবীর কৌশল] (Situation: Portia enters. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: পোর্শিয়া-এর প্রবেশ।] She is disguised in a large, dark lawyer’s robe, hiding her hair. [তিনি একটি বৃহদাকার, গাঢ় বর্ণের আইনজীবীর আলখাল্লায় ছদ্মবেশ ধারণ করেছেন, কেশদাম লুক্কায়িত রেখেছেন।] She stands very tall and confident.) [তিনি অত্যন্ত মেরুদণ্ড সোজা করে আত্মবিশ্বাসের সাথে দাঁড়িয়ে আছেন।)] NARRATOR: The young lawyer looked very young, and the Duke doubted if his wisdom could save Antonio. [সূত্রধর: তরুণ আইনজীবীকে নিতান্তই অল্পবয়স্ক দেখাচ্ছিল, এবং ডিউক-এর সন্দেহ হচ্ছিল তার প্রজ্ঞা অ্যান্টনিও-কে রক্ষা করতে পারবে কি না।] But this young lawyer was no other than Portia in disguise!. [কিন্তু এই তরুণ আইনজীবী আর কেউ নন, ছদ্মবেশী পোর্শিয়া নিজেই!] PORTIA: (Turns to Shylock, speaking in a deep, powerful voice) Shylock, I beg you to be merciful. [পোর্শিয়া: (শাইলক-এর দিকে ঘুরে, গম্ভীর ও জোরালো কণ্ঠে) শাইলক, আমি তোমার নিকট দয়া ভিক্ষা করছি।] Mercy brings a blessing to him who shows it and to him who receives it. [ক্ষমা যে প্রদর্শন করে এবং যে লাভ করে, উভয়ের জন্যই তা আশীর্বাদ বয়ে আনে।] All of us pray to God for mercy. [আমরা সকলেই ঈশ্বরের নিকট ক্ষমার জন্য প্রার্থনা করি।] But God will only have mercy on us if we have mercy on others. [কিন্তু ঈশ্বর কেবল তখনই আমাদের প্রতি দয়া করবেন যদি আমরা অন্যদের প্রতি দয়া প্রদর্শন করি।] SHYLOCK: (Turning his back to her, crossing his arms) I pay no heed to you! [শাইলক: (তার দিকে পৃষ্ঠ প্রদর্শন করে, দু'হাত আড়াআড়ি করে বক্ষে আবদ্ধ রেখে) আমি আপনার কথায় কর্ণপাত করছি না!] All I want is my pound of flesh!. [আমি কেবল আমার এক পাউন্ড মাংসই চাই!] PORTIA: (Looking at Bassanio) Can't Antonio pay the debt?. [পোর্শিয়া: (ব্যাসানিও-এর দিকে তাকিয়ে) অ্যান্টনিও কি ঋণ পরিশোধ করতে অক্ষম?] BASSANIO: (Crying out with great passion) Yes, he can pay it, and even more!. [ব্যাসানিও: (প্রচণ্ড আবেগে ক্রন্দন করে উঠে) হ্যাঁ, সে এটি পরিশোধ করতে সক্ষম, এমনকি তার চেয়েও অধিক!] Even I can pay ten times the sum my friend borrowed from Shylock!. [আমার বন্ধু শাইলক-এর নিকট হতে যে পরিমাণ অর্থ ধার নিয়েছিল আমি তার দশগুণও প্রদান করতে পারি!] PORTIA: (Stepping closer to Shylock) Won't you take the money, Shylock?. [পোর্শিয়া: (শাইলক-এর আরও সন্নিকটে অগ্রসর হয়ে) তুমি কি অর্থ গ্রহণ করবে না, শাইলক?] SHYLOCK: (Waving his knife in the air) No, I demand the lawful penalty!. [শাইলক: (শূন্যে ছুরি নাড়াতে নাড়াতে) না, আমি আমার আইনানুগ জরিমানা দাবি করছি!] Give me my pound of flesh!. [আমাকে আমার এক পাউন্ড মাংস প্রদান করো!] PORTIA: Let me see the bond Shylock. [পোর্শিয়া: আমাকে চুক্তিপত্রটি অবলোকন করতে দাও শাইলক।] (Shylock hands her the rolled paper. [(শাইলক তার হস্তে গোটানো কাগজটি অর্পণ করেন।] She reads it with great attention. [তিনি অত্যন্ত মনোযোগ সহকারে সেটি পাঠ করেন।] The whole courtroom is silent and terrified.) [সমগ্র বিচারকক্ষ নিস্তব্ধ ও আতঙ্কগ্রস্ত।)] You are right Shylock. [তুমি যথার্থই বলেছ শাইলক।] The law is on your side. [আইন তোমার স্বপক্ষেই রয়েছে।] You can claim the flesh. [তুমি মাংস দাবি করতে পারো।] (She lowers her voice softly) But I would request you one more time to accept the sum Bassanio is offering you, and let me tear up the bond. [(তিনি তার গলার স্বর মৃদু করেন) তবে আমি তোমাকে আরও একবার অনুরোধ করব ব্যাসানিও যে পরিমাণ অর্থ প্রদান করছে তা গ্রহণ করতে, এবং আমাকে চুক্তিপত্রটি ছিন্ন করতে দাও।] SHYLOCK: (Stomping his foot) I will not give up my claim!. [শাইলক: (পদাঘাত করে) আমি আমার দাবি পরিত্যাগ করব না!] PORTIA: (Sighs heavily, turns to Antonio) Get ready Antonio for Shylock to cut his pound of flesh. [পোর্শিয়া: (গভীর দীর্ঘশ্বাস ত্যাগ করে, অ্যান্টনিও-এর দিকে ঘুরে) অ্যান্টনিও প্রস্তুত হও যেন শাইলক তার এক পাউন্ড মাংস কর্তন করতে পারে।] The law gives it to him. [আইন তাকে এই অধিকার প্রদান করছে।] SHYLOCK: (Jumping in the air, filled with extreme joy. [শাইলক: (চরম আনন্দে শূন্যে লম্ফ প্রদান করে।] He praises Portia loudly) Oh noble judge!. [তিনি উচ্চস্বরে পোর্শিয়া-এর প্রশংসা করেন) হে মহান বিচারক!] Oh excellent young man, you are a second Daniel, who has come to this earth!. [হে চমৎকার যুবক, তুমি যেন দ্বিতীয় ড্যানিয়েল রূপে এই পৃথিবীতে আবির্ভূত হয়েছ!] PORTIA: Cut the pound of flesh you demanded. [পোর্শিয়া: তোমার দাবি অনুযায়ী এক পাউন্ড মাংস কর্তন করে নাও।] (Situation: VERY DRAMATIC. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: অত্যন্ত নাটকীয়।] The courtroom freezes. [সমগ্র বিচারকক্ষ যেন থমকে যায়।] Shylock walks very slowly towards Antonio. [শাইলক অতি ধীর পদক্ষেপে অ্যান্টনিও-এর দিকে অগ্রসর হন।] He smiles an evil smile. [তিনি এক পৈশাচিক হাসি হাসেন।] He raises his knife high into the air. [তিনি তার ছুরি ঊর্ধ্বে উত্তোলন করেন।] Bassanio covers his eyes.) [ব্যাসানিও তার চক্ষু আচ্ছাদিত করেন।)] SHYLOCK: Uncover your chest!. [শাইলক: তোমার বক্ষ উন্মুক্ত করো!] (He is just about to strike the knife down...) [(তিনি ঠিক যখনই ছুরি দিয়ে আঘাত করতে উদ্যত হবেন...)] PORTIA: (Points her finger at Shylock and shouts with a booming voice) WAIT A SECOND, SHYLOCK!. [পোর্শিয়া: (শাইলক-এর দিকে অঙ্গুলি নির্দেশ করে এবং মেঘগর্জনের ন্যায় কণ্ঠে চিৎকার করে ওঠেন) এক মুহূর্ত অপেক্ষা করো, শাইলক!] (Shylock freezes like a statue. [(শাইলক ভাস্কর্যের ন্যায় জমে যান।] Everyone opens their eyes and looks at Portia.) [সকলে চক্ষু মেলে পোর্শিয়া-এর দিকে দৃষ্টিপাত করেন।)] PORTIA: (Smiling a very clever smile) Never forget - there is no mention of blood in the bond. [পোর্শিয়া: (একটি অত্যন্ত চতুর হাসি হেসে) বিস্মৃত হয়ো না - চুক্তিপত্রে রক্তের কোনো উল্লেখ নেই।] Therefore, you cannot shed a single drop of blood while you cut your pound of flesh; or else you pay the penalty!. [অতএব, তোমার এক পাউন্ড মাংস কর্তন করার সময় তুমি এক বিন্দু রক্তও ঝরাতে পারবে না; অন্যথায় তোমাকে শাস্তি ভোগ করতে হবে!] And the penalty is, the state will take your property from you!. [এবং শাস্তিটি হলো, রাষ্ট্র তোমার সমস্ত সম্পত্তি বাজেয়াপ্ত করবে!] You lose everything that you have now, Shylock!. [তোমার বর্তমানে যা কিছু আছে তার সর্বস্ব তুমি হারাবে, শাইলক!] (Situation: Shylock drops the knife on the floor with a loud CLATTER. [(প্রেক্ষাপট: শাইলক সশব্দে ঝনঝন করে মেঝেতে ছুরি ফেলে দেন।] His eyes are wide with shock and fear.) [তার চক্ষু বিস্ময় ও ভীতিতে বিস্ফারিত হয়ে যায়।)] SHYLOCK: (Stuttering, stepping backward) It... it is not possible for me to cut a pound of flesh without shedding blood!. [শাইলক: (তোতলাতে তোতলাতে, পশ্চাৎপদ হয়ে) রক্ত... রক্তপাত ব্যতীত এক পাউন্ড মাংস কর্তন করা আমার পক্ষে কদাপি সম্ভব নয়!] NARRATOR: Shylock understood he was defeated by the wise lawyer. [সূত্রধর: শাইলক অনুধাবন করতে পারলেন যে তিনি বিজ্ঞ আইনজীবীর নিকট পরাজিত হয়েছেন।] (Shylock hangs his head down so low it touches his chest. [(শাইলক মস্তক এতই অবনত করেন যে তা তার বক্ষ স্পর্শ করে।] He looks completely broken. [তাকে সম্পূর্ণ বিপর্যস্ত প্রতীয়মান হয়।] Without another word, he slowly walks out of the courtroom, dragging his feet in defeat). [অতিরিক্ত কোনো বাক্য ব্যয় না করে, পরাজয়ের গ্লানি নিয়ে পদযুগল টেনে টেনে তিনি ধীরলয়ে বিচারকক্ষ হতে নিষ্ক্রান্ত হন)।] NARRATOR: Thus Antonio's life was saved!. [সূত্রধর: এভাবেই অ্যান্টনিও-এর জীবন রক্ষা পেল!] (Bassanio jumps up and hugs Antonio tightly. [(ব্যাসানিও লম্ফ দিয়ে উঠে অ্যান্টনিও-কে দৃঢ়ভাবে আলিঙ্গন করেন।] The Duke claps his hands. [ডিউক করতালি প্রদান করেন।] Portia winks at the audience. [পোর্শিয়া দর্শকমণ্ডলীর উদ্দেশ্যে চোখ টেপেন।] All characters come to the center of the stage, hold hands, and take a deep bow.) [সকল চরিত্র মঞ্চের মধ্যভাগে আগমন করেন, একে অপরের হস্ত ধারণ করেন, এবং গভীরভাবে আনত হয়ে অভিবাদন জ্ঞাপন করেন।)] [THE END] [[সমাপ্ত]]

Report 1 (Standard) Nuisance of 'Kishor Gang' Disrupts Peaceful Life in the Locality Staff Reporter, Dhaka, October 10 The peaceful atmosphere of our locality is being severely disrupted due to the alarming rise of teenage gangs, commonly known as 'Kishor Gangs'. In recent months, the antisocial activities of these misguided youths have become a daily nuisance, causing deep concern among the local residents. These teenage boys, mostly aged between 14 and 19, are frequently seen gathering at street corners, local tea stalls, and parks. Instead of focusing on their studies, they spend their time smoking openly, playing loud music, and riding motorcycles recklessly through narrow residential streets. Their dangerous bike riding not only creates deafening noise pollution but also poses a massive risk of severe accidents for pedestrians, especially children and the elderly. The most disturbing aspect of their behavior is the continuous harassment of school and college-going girls. These gang members regularly stand near educational institutions and pass indecent comments at female students. If anyone tries to protest against their misdeeds, they behave aggressively and threaten the locals. Often, rival gangs engage in violent clashes over establishing supremacy in the area, creating an environment of fear and panic. The situation has reached a point where respectable citizens feel unsafe stepping out of their homes after evening. To curb this escalating social disease, local law enforcement agencies must immediately increase regular police patrols. Furthermore, parents and community leaders must come forward to counsel these teenagers and guide them back to a healthy, moral life. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Nuisance – উপদ্রব / বিরক্তি Disrupts – ব্যাহত করে Alarming rise – উদ্বেগজনক বৃদ্ধি Misguided youths – বিপথগামী তরুণ Recklessly – বেপরোয়াভাবে Deafening noise – কানফাটানো শব্দ Pedestrians – পথচারী Disturbing aspect – বিরক্তিকর দিক Harassment – হয়রানি Indecent comments – অশালীন মন্তব্য Misdeeds – অপকর্ম Rival gangs – প্রতিপক্ষ দল / বিরোধী চক্র Violent clashes – সহিংস সংঘর্ষ Establishing supremacy – আধিপত্য বিস্তার Escalating – ক্রমবর্ধমান Law enforcement agencies – আইন প্রয়োগকারী সংস্থা Counsel – পরামর্শ দেওয়া / বোঝানো 'কিশোর গ্যাং'-এর উপদ্রবে এলাকায় শান্তিপূর্ণ জীবন ব্যাহত স্টাফ রিপোর্টার, ঢাকা, ১০ অক্টোবর সাধারণত 'কিশোর গ্যাং' নামে পরিচিত কিশোরদের দলগুলোর উদ্বেগজনক বৃদ্ধির কারণে আমাদের এলাকার শান্তিপূর্ণ পরিবেশ মারাত্মকভাবে ব্যাহত হচ্ছে। সাম্প্রতিক মাসগুলোতে, এই বিপথগামী তরুণদের সমাজবিরোধী কার্যকলাপ দৈনন্দিন উপদ্রবে পরিণত হয়েছে, যা স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাদের মধ্যে গভীর উদ্বেগের সৃষ্টি করছে। ১৪ থেকে ১৯ বছর বয়সী এই কিশোরদের প্রায়শই রাস্তার মোড়ে, স্থানীয় চায়ের দোকানে এবং পার্কে আড্ডা দিতে দেখা যায়। পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগ দেওয়ার পরিবর্তে তারা প্রকাশ্যে ধূমপান করে, উচ্চস্বরে গান বাজিয়ে এবং সরু আবাসিক রাস্তাগুলোতে বেপরোয়াভাবে মোটরসাইকেল চালিয়ে সময় কাটায়। তাদের বিপজ্জনক বাইক চালানো কেবল কানফাটানো শব্দদূষণই তৈরি করে না, বরং পথচারীদের, বিশেষ করে শিশু এবং বয়স্কদের মারাত্মক দুর্ঘটনার ঝুঁকিতে ফেলে। তাদের আচরণের সবচেয়ে বিরক্তিকর দিকটি হলো স্কুল ও কলেজগামী মেয়েদের ক্রমাগত হয়রানি করা। এই গ্যাংয়ের সদস্যরা নিয়মিত শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানের আশেপাশে দাঁড়িয়ে থাকে এবং ছাত্রীদের প্রতি অশালীন মন্তব্য করে। কেউ তাদের অপকর্মের প্রতিবাদ করার চেষ্টা করলে তারা আক্রমণাত্মক আচরণ করে এবং স্থানীয়দের হুমকি দেয়। প্রায়শই, এলাকায় আধিপত্য বিস্তারের জেরে বিরোধী গ্যাংগুলো সহিংস সংঘর্ষে লিপ্ত হয়, যা ভয় ও আতঙ্কের পরিবেশ সৃষ্টি করে। পরিস্থিতি এমন পর্যায়ে পৌঁছেছে যে, সম্মানীয় নাগরিকরা সন্ধ্যার পর ঘর থেকে বের হতে অনিরাপদ বোধ করেন। ক্রমবর্ধমান এই সামাজিক ব্যাধি রোধ করতে স্থানীয় আইন প্রয়োগকারী সংস্থাগুলোকে অবিলম্বে নিয়মিত পুলিশি টহল বাড়াতে হবে। তাছাড়া, এই কিশোরদের সঠিক পরামর্শ দিতে এবং তাদের একটি সুস্থ ও নৈতিক জীবনে ফিরিয়ে আনতে বাবা-মা এবং সমাজের নেতাদের অবশ্যই এগিয়ে আসতে হবে। Report 2 (Advanced) Escalating Menace of 'Kishor Gangs' Threatens Social Harmony and Urban Security Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, October 12, 2026 The rapid proliferation of juvenile delinquency, operating under the notorious banner of "Kishor Gangs," has emerged as a severe threat to the social harmony and security of urban neighborhoods. Over the past year, the unchecked antisocial activities of these organized teenage syndicates have transformed once-peaceful residential areas into zones of anxiety, intimidation, and frequent violence. Operating in coordinated factions, these unruly youths dominate local intersections, community parks, and the gates of prominent educational institutions. They frequently engage in dangerous, high-speed motorcycle races, terrorizing pedestrians and violating traffic regulations with sheer impunity. Beyond public nuisance, these gangs are increasingly getting involved in serious criminal offenses, including drug peddling, extortion, and carrying lethal homemade weapons. The most alarming consequence of this subculture is the severe psychological trauma inflicted on female residents. Eve-teasing and organized stalking have become rampant, forcing many parents to restrict their daughters' outdoor movements. Eyewitnesses report that attempting to confront these teenagers often leads to brutal retaliation, as they are sometimes covertly shielded by local political figures. The helpless residents are living in a state of constant apprehension. Sociologists warn that administrative negligence will only embolden these criminal elements. To dismantle this toxic culture, a comprehensive approach is mandatory. Law enforcement agencies must launch targeted crackdowns and zero-tolerance patrols, while families and educational institutions must actively monitor and rehabilitate vulnerable adolescents before they fall prey to gang culture. [কিশোর গ্যাংয়ের ক্রমবর্ধমান উপদ্রব সামাজিক সম্প্রীতি ও নগর নিরাপত্তার জন্য হুমকি স্টাফ করেসপন্ডেন্ট, দ্য ডেইলি স্টার, ১২ অক্টোবর, ২০২৬: "কিশোর গ্যাং" এর কুখ্যাত ব্যানারে কিশোর অপরাধের দ্রুত বিস্তার শহরাঞ্চলের সামাজিক সম্প্রীতি এবং নিরাপত্তার জন্য একটি মারাত্মক হুমকি হিসেবে আবির্ভূত হয়েছে। গত এক বছরে, এই সংঘবদ্ধ কিশোর সিন্ডিকেটগুলোর অনিয়ন্ত্রিত সমাজবিরোধী কার্যকলাপ একসময়ের শান্তিপূর্ণ আবাসিক এলাকাগুলোকে উদ্বেগ, ভীতি প্রদর্শন এবং ঘন ঘন সহিংসতার অঞ্চলে পরিণত করেছে। সংঘবদ্ধ দলে কাজ করে, এই উচ্ছৃঙ্খল যুবকরা স্থানীয় মোড়, কমিউনিটি পার্ক এবং বিশিষ্ট শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানের গেটগুলোতে আধিপত্য বিস্তার করে। তারা প্রায়শই বিপজ্জনক, উচ্চ গতির মোটরসাইকেল রেসে লিপ্ত হয়, যা পথচারীদের আতঙ্কিত করে এবং চরম অবজ্ঞার সাথে ট্রাফিক নিয়ম লঙ্ঘন করে। জনদুর্ভোগের বাইরেও, এই গ্যাংগুলো ক্রমবর্ধমানভাবে মাদক ব্যবসা, চাঁদাবাজি এবং মারাত্মক দেশীয় অস্ত্র বহনের মতো গুরুতর ফৌজদারি অপরাধে জড়িয়ে পড়ছে। এই উপসংস্কৃতির সবচেয়ে উদ্বেগজনক পরিণতি হলো নারী বাসিন্দাদের ওপর সৃষ্ট মারাত্মক মানসিক আঘাত। ইভটিজিং এবং সংঘবদ্ধভাবে পিছু নেওয়া এতটাই ব্যাপক আকার ধারণ করেছে যে অনেক অভিভাবক তাদের মেয়েদের বাড়ির বাইরের চলাচল সীমিত করতে বাধ্য হচ্ছেন। প্রত্যক্ষদর্শীরা জানান, এই কিশোরদের মুখোমুখি হওয়ার চেষ্টা করলে প্রায়শই নির্মম প্রতিশোধের শিকার হতে হয়, কারণ অনেক সময় তারা স্থানীয় রাজনৈতিক ব্যক্তিবর্গের দ্বারা গোপনে সুরক্ষিত থাকে। অসহায় বাসিন্দারা ক্রমাগত আশঙ্কার মধ্যে বসবাস করছেন। সমাজবিজ্ঞানীরা সতর্ক করেছেন যে প্রশাসনিক অবহেলা কেবল এই অপরাধী উপাদানগুলোকেই উৎসাহিত করবে। এই বিষাক্ত সংস্কৃতিকে ধ্বংস করার জন্য একটি সমন্বিত পদ্ধতি বাধ্যতামূলক। আইন প্রয়োগকারী সংস্থাগুলোকে অবশ্যই সুনির্দিষ্ট অভিযান এবং জিরো-টলারেন্স টহল শুরু করতে হবে, পাশাপাশি পরিবার এবং শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোকে গ্যাং সংস্কৃতির শিকার হওয়ার আগেই ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ কিশোরদের সক্রিয়ভাবে পর্যবেক্ষণ ও পুনর্বাসন করতে হবে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Escalating Menace – ক্রমবর্ধমান উপদ্রব / বিপদ Social Harmony – সামাজিক সম্প্রীতি Proliferation – দ্রুত বিস্তার Juvenile delinquency – কিশোর অপরাধ Unchecked – অনিয়ন্ত্রিত Intimidation – ভীতি প্রদর্শন Coordinated factions – সংঘবদ্ধ দল Impunity – দায়মুক্তি / শাস্তি থেকে রেহাই Drug peddling – মাদক ব্যবসা Extortion – চাঁদাবাজি Psychological trauma – মানসিক আঘাত Rampant – ব্যাপক / নিয়ন্ত্রণহীন Brutal retaliation – নির্মম প্রতিশোধ Covertly shielded – গোপনে সুরক্ষিত / আশ্রয়প্রাপ্ত Apprehension – আশঙ্কা / ভয় Embolden – উৎসাহিত করা / আস্কারা দেওয়া Dismantle – ভেঙে ফেলা / নির্মূল করা Zero-tolerance – শূন্য সহনশীলতা Report 3 (Easy) Teenage Gangs Create Panic Among Local Residents in Cumilla Local Correspondent, Cumilla, October 15, 2026 The peaceful life of our locality is being completely ruined by the bad activities of teenage gangs. Recently, a group of young boys has started creating a lot of problems in our area, making everyday life very difficult for the common people. Every afternoon, these boys gather at the street corners and in front of local shops. They talk loudly, smoke cigarettes publicly, and block the footpaths. The biggest problem is their reckless motorcycle driving. They ride their bikes at very high speeds through the narrow streets, playing very loud horns. Because of this, small children and old people are always afraid to walk on the roads. Moreover, these teenage boys often tease the school and college-going girls. They stand near the school gates and make bad comments when the girls pass by. This has made the girls and their parents very worried. Sometimes, these boys even fight with each other using sticks and stones, which creates a lot of panic among the local shopkeepers and residents. The general people are too afraid to protest because these boys are very aggressive. The local police need to take strict action immediately. We need regular police patrols in our area so that the residents can live safely and peacefully again. [কুমিল্লায় স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাদের মধ্যে আতঙ্ক সৃষ্টি করছে কিশোর গ্যাং স্থানীয় সংবাদদাতা, কুমিল্লা, ১৫ অক্টোবর, ২০২৬: কিশোর গ্যাংয়ের খারাপ কর্মকাণ্ডের কারণে আমাদের এলাকার শান্তিপূর্ণ জীবন পুরোপুরি নষ্ট হয়ে যাচ্ছে। সম্প্রতি কিছু অল্পবয়সী ছেলে আমাদের এলাকায় অনেক সমস্যা তৈরি করতে শুরু করেছে, যা সাধারণ মানুষের দৈনন্দিন জীবনকে খুব কঠিন করে তুলছে। প্রতিদিন বিকেলে এই ছেলেরা রাস্তার মোড়ে এবং স্থানীয় দোকানের সামনে জড়ো হয়। তারা জোরে কথা বলে, প্রকাশ্যে ধূমপান করে এবং ফুটপাত আটকে রাখে। সবচেয়ে বড় সমস্যা হলো তাদের বেপরোয়া মোটরসাইকেল চালানো। তারা খুব জোরে হর্ন বাজিয়ে সরু রাস্তা দিয়ে খুব দ্রুত গতিতে বাইক চালায়। এ কারণে ছোট শিশু এবং বৃদ্ধরা রাস্তায় হাঁটতে সবসময় ভয় পান। তাছাড়া, এই কিশোর ছেলেরা প্রায়ই স্কুল-কলেজগামী মেয়েদের উত্ত্যক্ত করে। তারা স্কুলের গেটের কাছে দাঁড়িয়ে থাকে এবং মেয়েরা পাশ দিয়ে যাওয়ার সময় খারাপ মন্তব্য করে। এটি মেয়েদের এবং তাদের বাবা-মাকে খুব চিন্তিত করে তুলেছে। কখনো কখনো এই ছেলেরা লাঠি ও পাথর ব্যবহার করে নিজেদের মধ্যে মারামারি করে, যা স্থানীয় দোকানদার এবং বাসিন্দাদের মধ্যে প্রচুর আতঙ্ক সৃষ্টি করে। সাধারণ মানুষ প্রতিবাদ করতে খুব ভয় পায় কারণ এই ছেলেরা খুবই আক্রমণাত্মক। স্থানীয় পুলিশের উচিত অবিলম্বে কঠোর ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া। আমাদের এলাকায় নিয়মিত পুলিশি টহল প্রয়োজন যাতে বাসিন্দারা আবার নিরাপদে ও শান্তিতে বসবাস করতে পারে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Ruined – নষ্ট হয়ে গেছে Gather – জড়ো হওয়া Block – আটকে রাখা / বাধা দেওয়া Reckless – বেপরোয়া Afraid – ভীত / ভয় পাওয়া Tease – উত্ত্যক্ত করা Bad comments – খারাপ মন্তব্য Worried – চিন্তিত Panic – আতঙ্ক Aggressive – আক্রমণাত্মক Strict action – কঠোর ব্যবস্থা Peacefully – শান্তিতে Report 4 (Very Easy) Bad Activities of Teenage Boys Make Our Area Unsafe Staff Reporter, Khulna, October 20, 2026 Nowadays, our area is facing a very bad problem. Some teenage boys have formed a gang. They are doing many bad things every day, and because of them, our area is not safe anymore. These boys do not go to school. They sit together in the local park or in front of the tea stalls. They smoke cigarettes in front of everyone. They ride their motorbikes very fast with very loud sounds. It makes everyone scared. The old people cannot sleep properly because of the noise. The worst thing is that they disturb the school girls. When girls go to school, these boys say bad words to them. If any good person tells them to stop, they get very angry and start fighting. Last week, two groups of boys fought in the street, and people closed their shops in fear. We are very tired of this problem. The parents should teach their boys good manners. Also, the police must come to our area every day and catch the bad boys. We just want a safe and quiet place to live. [কিশোর ছেলেদের খারাপ কাজ আমাদের এলাকাকে অনিরাপদ করে তুলছে স্টাফ রিপোর্টার, খুলনা, ২০ অক্টোবর, ২০২৬: আজকাল আমাদের এলাকা খুব খারাপ একটি সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হচ্ছে। কিছু কিশোর ছেলে একটি দল বা গ্যাং তৈরি করেছে। তারা প্রতিদিন অনেক খারাপ কাজ করছে এবং তাদের কারণে আমাদের এলাকা আর নিরাপদ নয়। এই ছেলেরা স্কুলে যায় না। তারা স্থানীয় পার্কে বা চায়ের দোকানের সামনে একসাথে বসে থাকে। তারা সবার সামনে ধূমপান করে। তারা খুব জোরে শব্দ করে খুব দ্রুত তাদের মোটরবাইক চালায়। এটি সবাইকে ভয় পাইয়ে দেয়। শব্দের কারণে বৃদ্ধরা ঠিকমতো ঘুমাতে পারেন না। সবচেয়ে খারাপ ব্যাপার হলো তারা স্কুলের মেয়েদের বিরক্ত করে। মেয়েরা যখন স্কুলে যায়, তখন এই ছেলেরা তাদের খারাপ কথা বলে। কোনো ভালো মানুষ তাদের থামাতে বললে তারা খুব রেগে যায় এবং মারামারি শুরু করে। গত সপ্তাহে রাস্তায় ছেলেদের দুটি দল মারামারি করে এবং মানুষ ভয়ে তাদের দোকানপাট বন্ধ করে দেয়। আমরা এই সমস্যা নিয়ে খুব ক্লান্ত। বাবা-মায়েদের উচিত তাদের ছেলেদের ভালো আচরণ শেখানো। তাছাড়া, পুলিশকে অবশ্যই প্রতিদিন আমাদের এলাকায় আসতে হবে এবং খারাপ ছেলেদের ধরতে হবে। আমরা শুধু বসবাসের জন্য একটি নিরাপদ এবং শান্ত জায়গা চাই।] Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Unsafe – অনিরাপদ Together – একসাথে Loud sounds – উচ্চ শব্দ Scared – ভীত / ভয় পাওয়া Disturb – বিরক্ত করা Bad words – খারাপ কথা Angry – রাগান্বিত Fear – ভয় Tired – ক্লান্ত / বিরক্ত Good manners – ভালো আচরণ / শিষ্টাচার Quiet – শান্ত

HSC Examination 2027 HSC English 1st Paper Subject Code: 107 Total Marks: 100 Doing Well in the HSC English First Paper Exam Many students feel worried about the English exam for HSC. But if you practice with old exam questions and sample tests, it's not too hard to pass. Also, if you use some smart tricks in the exam hall, you can get a really good result. The HSC English First Paper exam is worth 100 marks in total. These marks are split into two main parts: Reading (Part 1), which is 60 marks, and Guided Writing (Part 2), which is 40 marks. To achieve a high score in the HSC English 1st Paper, candidates must deeply understand the marks distribution and apply targeted strategies for both the Reading and Guided Writing sections. Below is the official breakdown of the assessment format alongside professional strategies for maximizing your score Part A : Reading Comprehension (60 Marks) Q. No. Test Item / Question Type Marks Calculation Total Marks 1-A Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) 0.5 × 10 05 1-B Short Answer Questions 3.0 × 5 15 2 Information Transfer / Flow Chart 1.0 × 5 05 3 Summary Writing 1.0 × 10 10 4 Cloze Test with Clues (Unseen) 0.5 × 10 05 5 Cloze Test without Clues (Unseen) 1.0 × 10 10 6 Rearranging Sentences (Unseen) 1.0 × 10 10 Part B (Writing) Q. No. Test Item / Question Type Total Marks 7 Paragraph Writing 10 8 Story Writing 07 9 Letter / Email Writing 05 10 Interpreting Graph / Chart 10 11 Theme Writing 08 Question-1 A -Multiple Choice Question Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. Locate the answer of the questions in the given passage and underline the key words. 3. Choose the answers in the light of the given text. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Then Write letter, number of the option then the word or phrase of the chosen option Example: (a)(iv) people to go abroad Question -1-B Short Answer Question Strategies: 1. At first locate the answers in the text. 2. Then write the answer according to the text. 3. Try to paraphrase ( re-write in your own words) the information given in the text. 4. You should not add any piece of information from outside of the given passage. 5. Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1-B (a)……………………………………….. after finishing the first answer then write “ (b)……………………………………….. Etc Question 2 Information Transfer/Flow Chart Strategies: 1. Read the given passage very carefully (2 times) 2. Read the table with gaps carefully 3. Locate the answer in the passage 4. Take the words from the passage to fill in the blanks and see whether the completed sentence make sense or not. 5. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. 6. Give special attention to first row of the table 7. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” You can write like- (i) ….. (ii) ….. (iii) …… … Flow Chart Guidelines Flow Chart Basics A flow chart logically connects parts of sentences. Write your answers inside boxes and connect them with arrows (→). You must fill 5 boxes, each worth 2 marks, for a total of 10 marks. 5 Steps to Create a Flow Chart Add a Title: Provide a short title based on the question. Draw 6 Boxes: Create a total of 6 medium-sized rectangular boxes, which includes the first sample box given in the prompt. Choose a Layout: You can arrange the boxes horizontally or vertically, though a vertical layout is recommended. Use Arrows: Place an arrow (→) between every box. Follow the Sequence: Extract information from the passage in order, from beginning to end. Never write full sentences inside the boxes. Grammar Matching Rules Your 5 answers must strictly copy the grammatical structure of the first sample box: Phrase: If the first box uses words without verbs, your answers must be phrases. Verb + ing: If the clue starts with a verb ending in "-ing", match that exact pattern. Being / Having: If the clue starts with "Being" or "Having", start all your matching answers with the same word. Infinitive: If the clue uses "to" + a base verb, write all answers as infinitives. Rules of Flow Chart 1. At first give a title. 2. Use 6 (six) rectangular/square boxes including the given box. 3. Boxes can be horizontal or vertical. 4. Use arrow sign between two boxes. 5. Use numeric letters serially in each box. 6. Start points with capital letters. 7. Start points according to the given box in the question. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” You can write like- Question 3 Summary Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Write only the key points in your own words. 3. Don’t add any information from outside. 4. Usually, examples and explanation are not written in summary. 5. Summary must be written in one paragraph. 6. Use impersonal tone in summary (don’t use I , we, you….) 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write one third of the given passage. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write the summary Question 4 Coze Test With Clues Strategies: 1. Read the give clues very carefully 2. Read the given text at least 2 times 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 5 Cloze Test Without Clues Strategies: 5. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times) 6. Write the answers 7. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 3. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 4. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 6 Rearranging Strategies: 1. Read the story/text very carefully (2 times) 2. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) 3. See whether the arrangement seems a coherent one or not. 4. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) Then write the whole story like this: Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Question 7 Paragraph Writing Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin at all sides 3. Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading) 4. Never write more than one paragraph. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Students usually write more than 1-3 pages 7. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- stater, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. Question 8 Story Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Classic/Traditional story should be completed in a traditional way. ( e.g. The hare and the tortoise) 4. Creative story can be completed in your own way. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. Must write Title/ heading 3. Write the given prompt and complete the story 4. Write the moral of the story in one sentence in separate paragraph. Question 9 Informal Letters/Email Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. For Email You can write like this: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear…., For letter writing follow the format of informal letter Question 10 Describing Graph Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin at all sides 3. Don’t need to write heading /title 4. Study the graph meticulously 5. Write the answer in three to four paragraphs 6. Never add extra information what is not mentioned in the graph. 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 8. Maintain the key writing techniques for describing graph- Introduction, Overview, Detail trend, Conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write answer keeping equal space on both sides. Question 11 Theme Writing While appreciating a short story or poem, students should focus on identifying the theme. The length of the answer is secondary; what matters most is the underlying message. The theme of a text represents the author's core belief about life, which ultimately transcends cultural boundaries. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. Write answer keeping equal space on both sides. 3.Write in one paragraph Dont exceed the number of words mentionaed in the quesiotn paper এইচএসসি ইংরেজি প্রথম পত্রে ভালো করার কৌশল (Strategies for Doing Well in HSC English First Paper) এইচএসসি পরীক্ষায় ইংরেজি বিষয় নিয়ে অনেক শিক্ষার্থীর মাঝে ভয় কাজ করে। তবে বিগত বছরের প্রশ্ন ও মডেল টেস্ট সমাধান করলে পাস নম্বর তোলাটা খুব কঠিন কিছু নয়। সেইসঙ্গে পরীক্ষার হলে কিছুটা কৌশলী হলে ভালো ফল করা সম্ভব। Many students feel worried about the English exam for HSC. But if you practice with old exam questions and sample tests, it's not too hard to pass. Also, if you use some smart tricks in the exam hall, you can get a really good result. উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক ইংরেজি প্রথম পত্র পরীক্ষার সিলেবাস অনুযায়ী, মোট নম্বর ১০০-এর মধ্যে ৬০ নম্বর থাকবে Reading (Part 1) অংশে এবং ৪০ নম্বর থাকবে Guided Writing (Part 2) অংশে। The HSC English First Paper exam is worth 100 marks in total. These marks are split into two main parts: Reading (Part 1), which is 60 marks, and Guided Writing (Part 2), which is 40 marks. Question No-1 A: Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage very carefully at least 2 times. (প্যাসেজটি মনোযোগ সহকারে অন্তত ২ বার পড়ো।) Locate the answers in the given passage and underline the keywords. (প্যাসেজ থেকে উত্তর খুঁজে বের করো এবং মূল শব্দগুলোর নিচে দাগ দাও।) Choose the answers based on the text. (প্যাসেজের তথ্যের ওপর ভিত্তি করে সঠিক উত্তর নির্বাচন করো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-1”. Write the letter, roman number, and the specific word/phrase of the chosen option. Format example: (a) (iv) people to go abroad Question No-1 B: Short Answer Question Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): First, locate the answers in the text. (প্রথমে প্যাসেজ থেকে উত্তর খুঁজে বের করো।) Write the answer according to the text. (প্যাসেজের তথ্যের আলোকে উত্তর লেখো।) Try to paraphrase or re-write the information in your own words. (তথ্যগুলো নিজের ভাষায় গুছিয়ে লেখার চেষ্টা করো।) Do not add any outside information not present in the passage. (প্যাসেজের বাইরের কোনো অতিরিক্ত তথ্য যোগ করবে না।) Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. (প্রতিটি উত্তরের জন্য অন্তত দুটি বাক্য লেখার চেষ্টা করো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-1-B”. Format example: (a) [Write your full answer here] (b) [Write your full answer here] Question No-2: Information Transfer / Flow Chart Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage and the table with gaps carefully (2 times). (প্যাসেজ এবং গ্যাপসহ টেবিলটি ২ বার মনোযোগ দিয়ে পড়ো।) Locate the answers in the passage. (প্যাসেজ থেকে উত্তরগুলো খুঁজে বের করো।) Use words from the passage and ensure the completed sentences make sense and are grammatically correct. (প্যাসেজের শব্দ ব্যবহার করো এবং লক্ষ্য রাখো যেন তা অর্থপূর্ণ ও গ্রামার অনুযায়ী সঠিক হয়।) Pay special attention to the first row/box as a guide. (প্রথম সারি বা বক্সের দিকে বিশেষ খেয়াল রাখো।) Flow Chart Guidelines (ফ্লো চার্ট তৈরির নিয়ম): Title: Always provide a short title based on the question. (প্রশ্ন অনুযায়ী একটি ছোট শিরোনাম দাও।) Boxes & Arrows: Use 6 medium rectangular boxes (including the given one) connected by arrows (→). (দেওয়া বক্সটিসহ মোট ৬টি চতুর্ভুজ বক্স আঁকো এবং মাঝে তীর চিহ্ন (→) দাও।) Layout: A vertical layout (top to bottom) is highly recommended. (উপর থেকে নিচে লম্বালম্বিভাবে বক্স আঁকা সবচেয়ে ভালো।) Sequence: Extract information from beginning to end. (শুরু থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত ক্রমানুসারে তথ্য সাজাও।) No Full Sentences: Never write full sentences inside the boxes. (বক্সের ভেতরে কখনোই পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য লিখবে না।) Capitalization: Start points with capital letters. (পয়েন্টগুলো বড় হাতের অক্ষর দিয়ে শুরু করো।) Numbering: Use numeric letters serially in each box (e.g., 1, 2, 3). (প্রতিটি বক্সে ক্রমানুসারে নম্বর দাও।) Grammar Matching Rules (ব্যাকরণগত মিল রাখার নিয়ম): Phrase: If box 1 has no verb, use phrases. (প্রথম বক্সে Verb না থাকলে পরেরগুলোও Phrase হবে।) Verb + ing: If box 1 starts with "-ing", match that pattern. (প্রথম বক্সটি "-ing" যুক্ত হলে বাকিগুলোও তাই হবে।) Being / Having: If box 1 starts with "Being/Having", start all others with it. (প্রথমটি "Being/Having" দিয়ে শুরু হলে বাকিগুলোও তাই হবে।) Infinitive: If box 1 uses "to + verb", use infinitives for all. (প্রথমটি "to + verb" হলে বাকিগুলোও একই নিয়মে হবে।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-2”. Write the Title, draw the boxes, and connect them with arrows. Question No-3: Summary Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the given text very carefully (at least 2 times). (প্যাসেজটি অন্তত ২ বার ভালোভাবে পড়ো।) Write only the key points in your own words. (নিজের ভাষায় শুধু মূল পয়েন্টগুলো লেখো।) Do not add outside information, examples, or explanations. (প্যাসেজের বাইরের কোনো তথ্য, উদাহরণ বা ব্যাখ্যা যোগ করবে না।) The summary must be written in ONE paragraph. (সামারি অবশ্যই একটিমাত্র প্যারায় লিখতে হবে।) Use an impersonal tone (do not use I, we, you). (নিজের কথা বা I, we, you ব্যবহার করবে না।) Follow the word limit, or write about one-third of the passage length. (নির্দেশিত শব্দসীমা মেনে চলো অথবা প্যাসেজের এক-তৃতীয়াংশ লেখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-3”. Write the summary as a single block of text. Question No-4 & 5: Cloze Test (With and Without Clues) Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the given clues (for Q4) and the whole text carefully. (বক্সের শব্দগুলো এবং পুরো প্যাসেজটি ভালোভাবে পড়ো।) Write the answers sequentially. (ধারাবাহিকভাবে উত্তরগুলো লেখো।) Re-read the sentences to see if your words sound reasonable and fit the context. (উত্তরগুলো বসিয়ে পুনরায় পড়ে অর্থ সংগতি যাচাই করো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-4” or “No-5”. Write only the answers downward. Format example: (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing Question No-6: Rearranging Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the scattered story very carefully (2 times). (এলোমেলো গল্পটি ২ বার মনোযোগ দিয়ে পড়ো।) Arrange the sentences roughly using a pencil first. (প্রথমে পেন্সিল দিয়ে খসড়াভাবে সাজিয়ে নাও।) Check if the arrangement makes a coherent story. (সাজানো ক্রমটি একটি অর্থপূর্ণ গল্প তৈরি করছে কি না তা মিলিয়ে দেখো।) If sure, write the final answer. (নিশ্চিত হলে চূড়ান্ত উত্তর খাতায় লেখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-6”. First, write the correct sequence using arrows. Example: Answer: (iii) → (ix) → (i) → (vi) → (vii) → (iv) → (ii) → (x) → (v) → (viii) Then, write the whole story as a single continuous paragraph. (এরপর পুরো গল্পটি একটানা একটি প্যারায় লিখতে হবে।) Question No-7: Paragraph Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Start writing from the top of a fresh page with reasonable margins. (নতুন পৃষ্ঠায় চারপাশে মার্জিন রেখে শুরু করো।) Must write the Name of the paragraph (Heading/Title). (অবশ্যই প্যারাগ্রাফের শিরোনাম বা Title উল্লেখ করবে।) Never write more than one paragraph. (কোনোভাবেই একাধিক প্যারা করা যাবে না।) Write according to the allotted word limit or time (usually 1-3 pages). (নির্দেশিত শব্দসীমা বা সময় অনুযায়ী লেখো।) Maintain paragraph structure: Starter, Developer, and Concluding remark. (সূচনা, বিস্তারিত ও উপসংহারের ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-7”. Write the heading keeping equal space on both sides (centered). Begin writing immediately below the title. Question No-8: Story Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the given prompt very carefully and plan your writing. (শুরুর অংশটি পড়ে তোমার লেখার পরিকল্পনা করো।) Classic/traditional stories must be completed in the traditional way. (পরিচিত ঐতিহ্যবাহী গল্পগুলো সেভাবেই শেষ করতে হবে।) Creative stories can be completed using your imagination. (সৃজনশীল গল্প নিজের মতো করে সাজানো যায়।) Maintain the given word limit. (নির্দেশিত শব্দসীমা মেনে চলো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-8”. Must write a Title/Heading. (অবশ্যই একটি শিরোনাম দিতে হবে।) Copy the given prompt and complete the rest of the story. (প্রশ্নে দেওয়া অংশটি তুলে গল্পটি সম্পূর্ণ করো।) Write the moral of the story in one sentence in a separate paragraph at the end. (গল্পের শেষে একটি আলাদা প্যারায় এক বাক্যে Moral বা নীতিকথা লেখো।) Question No-9: Informal Letters / Email Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the prompt carefully and plan your writing. (নির্দেশনাটি ভালোভাবে পড়ে পরিকল্পনা করো।) Adhere strictly to the word limit or your allotted time. (শব্দসীমা বা সময়ের দিকে খেয়াল রাখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-9”. For Email: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: Describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear..., For Letter: Follow the standard format of an informal letter (Date, Address, Salutation, Body, Closing). Question No-10: Describing Graph Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Start writing from the beginning of a fresh page with reasonable margins. (নতুন পৃষ্ঠায় মার্জিন দিয়ে শুরু করো।) No heading/title is needed. (কোনো শিরোনাম বা Title দেওয়ার প্রয়োজন নেই।) Study the graph meticulously. (গ্রাফটি খুব সূক্ষ্মভাবে পর্যবেক্ষণ করো।) Write the answer in 3 to 4 paragraphs (Intro, Overview, Detail trend, Conclusion). (৩ থেকে ৪টি প্যারায় উত্তর লেখো।) Never add extra information that is not mentioned in the graph. (গ্রাফের বাইরের কোনো কাল্পনিক তথ্য যোগ করবে না।) Follow the given word limit. (শব্দসীমা মেনে চলো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-10”. Write the answer with proper paragraph spacing. Question No-11: Theme Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Focus on identifying the central theme or underlying message (the author's core belief about life). (কবিতা বা গল্পের মূল বিষয়বস্তু বা অন্তর্নিহিত বার্তার দিকে ফোকাস করো।) The length of the answer is secondary; the accuracy of the message matters most. (লেখার আকারের চেয়ে মূল বার্তাটি সঠিকভাবে ফুটিয়ে তোলা বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।) Strictly do not exceed the word limit mentioned in the question paper. (প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত শব্দসীমা কোনোভাবেই অতিক্রম করবে না।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-11”. Write the theme in exactly one paragraph. (সম্পূর্ণ উত্তরটি একটিমাত্র প্যারায় লেখো।) Previous Version এইচএসসি ইংরেজি প্রথম পত্রে ভালো করার কৌশল (Strategies for Doing Well in HSC English First Paper) এইচএসসি পরীক্ষায় ইংরেজি বিষয় নিয়ে অনেক শিক্ষার্থীর মাঝে ভয় কাজ করে। তবে বিগত বছরের প্রশ্ন ও মডেল টেস্ট সমাধান করলে পাস নম্বর তোলাটা খুব কঠিন কিছু নয়। সেইসঙ্গে পরীক্ষার হলে কিছুটা কৌশলী হলে ভালো ফল করা সম্ভব। Many students feel worried about the English exam for HSC. But if you practice with old exam questions and sample tests, it's not too hard to pass. Also, if you use some smart tricks in the exam hall, you can get a really good result. উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক ইংরেজি প্রথম পত্র পরীক্ষার সিলেবাস অনুযায়ী, মোট নম্বর ১০০-এর মধ্যে ৬০ নম্বর থাকবে Reading (Part 1) অংশে এবং ৪০ নম্বর থাকবে Guided Writing (Part 2) অংশে। The HSC English First Paper exam is worth 100 marks in total. These marks are split into two main parts: Reading (Part 1), which is 60 marks, and Guided Writing (Part 2), which is 40 marks. Part 1: Reading (60 Marks) / প্রথম অংশ: রিডিং (৬০ নম্বর) 1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) এই অংশে সাধারণত Passage এর কোনো Word/phrase এর contextual meaning, Theme/Title বা কোনো information জানতে চাওয়া হয়। These questions usually ask about the meaning of a word or phrase from the passage, the main idea, the title, or some specific information. পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): আগে প্রশ্ন পড়ে নিয়ে তারপর মূল passage পড়তে গেলে কাঙ্ক্ষিত তথ্য যেমন দ্রুত খুঁজে পাওয়া যাবে তেমনি বাঁচবে সময়। Read the questions first, then read the main story or text. This helps you find the answers faster and saves time. প্রশ্ন ভালো করে পড়তে হবে। অনেক সময় প্রশ্ন ভালো করে না পড়ার কারণে ভুল উত্তর করার প্রবণতা শিক্ষার্থীদের মধ্যে লক্ষ্য করা যায়। Read the questions very carefully. Students often make mistakes because they don't read the questions well enough. 2. Short Answer Questions [3 x 5 = 15 marks] প্রশ্নের ধরন (Types of Questions): Open ended (নিজস্ব মতামত প্রদান করা যায়) এবং Closed Ended (এ ক্ষেত্রে passage-এর তথ্যই প্রাধান্য পায়) দুই ধরনের প্রশ্ন থাকতে পারে। Questions can be either open-ended (where you can share your own ideas) or closed-ended (where you mainly use information from the text). প্রস্তুতি পরামর্শ (How to Get Ready): সিলেবাসে অন্তর্ভুক্ত বোর্ড বইয়ের passage সমূহ ভালো করে অধ্যয়ন করতে হবে। বিগত বছরের প্রশ্ন অথবা বিভিন্ন কলেজের টেস্ট পরীক্ষার প্রশ্ন অনুশীলন করা যায়। Study the stories/texts in your main English textbook very well. Practice with past exam questions or test questions from different schools. পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): প্রশ্ন পড়ার পর মূল passage পড়ুন এবং প্রশ্নে চাওয়া তথ্য বা ধারণাসমূহ passage-এর কোন অংশে আছে সেটা খুঁজে বের করুন। After reading the question, read the main text again to find the information or ideas the question asks for. প্রতিটা প্রশ্নের উত্তরের জন্য অন্তত ২/৩ টা পয়েন্ট লিখুন। Write at least 2 or 3 points for each answer. সবগুলো উত্তর passage আকারে না লিখে যদি table বা chart আকারে উপস্থাপনের সুযোগ থাকে সেইভাবে উপস্থাপন করুন। বিশেষ করে দুইটা ধারণার মধ্যে পার্থক্য লিখতে বলা হলে Table আকারে উত্তর করা যেতে পারে। If you can, show your answers in a table or chart instead of just writing paragraphs. This is extra helpful if you need to show differences between two ideas. To the point উত্তর করার চেষ্টা করুন। সুযোগ থাকলে উদাহরণ দেওয়ার চেষ্টা করুন। Be direct and only answer what's asked. Try to give examples if you can. Spelling-Grammar Errors হচ্ছে কিনা খেয়াল রাখুন। Check for spelling and grammar mistakes. 3. Information Transfer / Flow Chart [1 x 5 = 5 marks] পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): প্রশ্নে কোন বিষয়ে Flow Chart লিখতে বলা হয়েছে তা ভালোভাবে পড়ুন (যেমন পরীক্ষায় চাওয়া হতে পারে- Write a flow chart highlighting the predominant features of the Bangla Folk music)। এ ক্ষেত্রে পুরো passage নয় বরং Folk Music এর বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলোর ওপরই Flow Chart লিখতে হবে। Read very carefully what the flow chart needs to be about (for example, "Write a flow chart showing the main parts of Bangla Folk music"). Here, you should only focus on the features of Folk Music, not the whole text. Flow Chart-এর ক্ষেত্রে প্রদত্ত Phrase এর Structure টা অনুসরণ করে বাকিগুলো লিখতে হবে এবং Passage-এ যেভাবে আইডিয়াগুলো সাজানো সেই Sequence বজায় রেখে লিখার চেষ্টা করতে হবে। Follow the way the first part of the flow chart is set up. Try to keep the ideas in the same order as they are in the original text. 4. Summary Writing [1 x 10 = 10 marks] Summary হবে মূল Passage-এর ১/৩ অংশ। Passage-এর Main Points গুলো সামারিতে অন্তর্ভুক্ত হবে। নিজের ভাষায় লিখতে হবে কিন্তু নিজস্ব কোনো মতামত দেওয়া যাবে না। এর ভাষা হবে খুবই প্রাঞ্জল ও সহজবোধ্য। Your summary should be about one-third the length of the original text. It needs to include all the main points. You must write it in your own words, but do not add your own opinions. The language should be very clear and easy to understand. পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): You may write a good title for your summary. Passage পড়ে মূল Pointsগুলো বের করে নিন। Read the text and find the most important points. তারপর মূল points গুলো নিজের ভাষায় লিখুন (This is about/The summary of the passage… এই টাইপ Expression এড়িয়ে চলুন। সরাসরি মূল Points গুলো দিয়ে লিখা শুরু করুন)। অপ্রাসঙ্গিক কোনো কিছু লিখা থেকে বিরত থাকুন। Then, write these main points in your own words. Avoid phrases like "This is about..." or "The summary of the passage...". Just start directly with the main points. Don't write anything that's not important. Summary লিখার পর অবশ্যই Proof reading করুন। কোনো spelling-grammar error হয়েছে কিনা চেক করুন। After writing, always read it over again to check for any spelling or grammar mistakes. 5. Cloze Test with Clues (Unseen) [0.5 x 10 = 5 marks] পরামর্শ (How to Get Ready): প্রতিদিন ইংরেজি পড়া এবং নতুন শব্দ শেখার অভ্যাস গড়ে তুলুন এবং কোনো শব্দ শেখার পর সেই শব্দের Parts of Speech (Verb, Adjective,Noun,Adverb) পরিবর্তন অনুশীলন করুন। Read English every day and get used to learning new words. When you learn a new word, practice changing its form (like if it's a noun, make it a verb or adjective). পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): প্রদত্ত passage টি ভালো করে পড়ুন। তারপর খালি স্থানসমূহের জন্য উপযুক্ত শব্দ বাছাই করুন। Read the given text carefully. Then, choose the best words for the empty spaces. বাছাইকৃত শব্দের Parts of speech পরিবর্তন করতে হবে কিনা সেটা খেয়াল করুন। Check if you need to change the form of the word you chose to fit the sentence correctly. 6. Cloze Test without Clues (Unseen) [1 x 10 = 10 marks] পরামর্শ (How to Get Ready): প্রতিদিন ইংরেজি পড়া এবং নতুন শব্দ শেখার অভ্যাস গড়ে তুলুন। Read English every day and get used to learning new words. 7. Rearranging (Unseen) [1 x 10 = 10 marks] পরামর্শ (How to Get Ready): Sentence linking words, pronouns ও time sequence খেয়াল করুন। Pay attention to words that link sentences, words like he/she/it, and the order of time. বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক খেয়াল করুন। Look at how the sentences relate to each other. বিগত বছরের প্রশ্নে আসা Rearrange সমূহ ভালো করে অনুশীলন করুন। Practice a lot with rearranging questions from past exams. পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): প্রথমে সম্ভাব্য প্রথম বাক্যটি এবং সম্ভাব্য শেষ বাক্যটি খুঁজে বের করুন। First, try to find the sentence that is most likely the first sentence and the one most likely the last sentence. পরবর্তীতে বাকী বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যে আন্তঃসম্পর্ক লক্ষ্য করে পর্যায়ক্রমে সাজিয়ে লিখুন। (Noun-Pronoun, Connectors এর ব্যবহার এইক্ষেত্রে বাক্যগুলোর Order খুঁজে বের করতে সহায়ক হতে পারে)। Then, look at how the other sentences are connected and put them in the right order, one after another. (Words that connect ideas, and how nouns and pronouns are used, can help you find the correct order). Part 2: Guided Writing (40 Marks) / দ্বিতীয় অংশ: গাইডেড রাইটিং (৪০ নম্বর) 1. Interpreting Graph / Chart [1 x 15 = 15 marks] Graph/Chart/Table Analysis-এর Structure (How to Write about a Graph/Chart/Table): আমরা ৩/৪ টি প্যারায় Graph Analysis লিখতে পারি। যেমন: You can write your analysis in 3 or 4 paragraphs, like this: প্রথম প্যারায় Plain Depiction (Graph/Chart এ যেমন তথ্য দেওয়া আছে তা হুবহু নিজের ভাষায় লিখা) করতে পারি। First Paragraph (Just Describe): Simply write down the information from the graph/chart in your own words, exactly as it's shown. দ্বিতীয় প্যারায় Comparative Discussion (যেসব তথ্য দেওয়া থাকবে তাদের মধ্য তুলনামূলক আলোচনা) করতে পারি। এই প্যারাটাকে চাইলে দুইটা প্যারায় ভাগ করে লিখতে পারি। Second Paragraph (Compare Things): Talk about and compare the different pieces of information given. You can split this into two paragraphs if there's a lot to compare. তৃতীয় প্যারায় Recommendations/Critical Remarks (তুলনামূলক আলোচনার প্রেক্ষিতে Graph এ প্রদত্ত তথ্যসমূহ আরো সহজবোধ্য করে তুলতে এবং প্রদত্ত Graph-এর উদ্দেশ্য ভালোভাবে তুলে ধরতে কিছু মন্তব্য করতে পারি। পাশাপাশি এইখানে কিছু পরামর্শও সংযুক্ত করা যায়)। Third Paragraph (Your Thoughts/Tips): Give some thoughts or comments to make the information clearer and show the main point of the graph. You can also add some advice here. যেসব বিষয়গুলো খেয়াল রাখবেন (Things to Remember): Graph টা আপনার লিখার মাধ্যমে পাঠকদের কাছে বোধগম্য হয়ে উঠেছে কি-না। Make sure your writing helps people understand the graph clearly. সমৃদ্ধ Lexical Resource এই অংশে ভালো নম্বর এনে দিতে পারে। Using a good variety of words can help you get more marks here. বিশ্লেষণ যুক্তি অবশ্যই যুক্তি ও প্রদত্ত তথ্য নির্ভর হতে হবে। অপ্রাসঙ্গিক আলোচনা এড়িয়ে চলতে হবে। Your analysis must be logical and based only on the information given. Don't talk about things that are not in the graph. 2. Story Writing [1 x 15 = 15 marks] পরামর্শ (How to Get Ready): প্রশ্নে দেওয়া সূচনার ভিত্তিতে নিজের কল্পনা শক্তি ও সৃজনশীলতা ব্যবহার করে গল্প নির্মাণ করতে হবে। গল্পের প্লট, চরিত্র নির্মাণের ক্ষেত্রে পরীক্ষার্থীর সম্পূর্ণ স্বাধীনতা রয়েছে। You'll be given a starting line. Use your imagination and creative ideas to build the rest of the story. You have complete freedom to create the plot (what happens) and the characters. গল্প লিখতে হলে যেসব বিষয় সম্পর্কে ধারণা থাকা জরুরি (Important Things to Know for Story Writing): Plot (The arrangement of events that make up the story) প্লট: গল্পের ঘটনাগুলো যেভাবে সাজানো হয়। গল্পের ৫টি উপাদান রয়েছে। যথা- পাঁচটি অংশের একটি গল্প: Exposition (শুরু) Rising Actions (ঘটনাবলী বৃদ্ধি) Climax (মূল উত্তেজনা) Falling Action (উত্তেজনা কমে আসা) Resolution (শেষ) Setting (স্থান এবং সময় যেইখানে গল্প সংঘটিত হয়) সেটিং: গল্পটি কোথায় এবং কখন ঘটে। Characterization (গল্পের চরিত্র নির্মাণ। বিভিন্ন প্রকার চরিত্র সম্পর্কে যথাযথ ধারণা থাকতে হবে। যেমন- Round Character,Flat Character, Protagonist, Antagonist, Foil Character ইত্যাদি) চরিত্রায়ন: গল্পের চরিত্রগুলো কীভাবে তৈরি করবেন। আপনাকে বিভিন্ন ধরনের চরিত্র সম্পর্কে জানতে হবে। Theme,Tone,Mood ইত্যাদি সম্পর্কে স্পষ্ট ধারণা থাকলে কার্যকর গল্প লিখা সহজ হয়। Knowing about the Theme (the main message), Tone (the feeling of the story), and Mood (how the story makes the reader feel) helps you write a strong story. পরীক্ষার হলের কৌশল (What to do in the Exam Hall): Setting এর যথাযথ বিবরণ তুলে এনে প্রত্যাশিত Tone এবং Mood তৈরি করুন। Give a good description of the setting to create the right mood and feeling for your story. গল্পের চরিত্রসমূহের মধ্যে সংলাপ ও চরিত্রসমূহের স্বতন্ত্র ভূমিকা নির্মাণের চেষ্টা করুন। Try to include talking between your characters and make each character important in their own way. Strategic Approach for Part 1: MCQs & Short Answers: Do not copy directly from the passage. Frame your short answers in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Ensure your answer directly addresses the "Wh-" question asked. Flow Chart: Keep entries concise. Use phrases rather than full sentences (e.g., start with gerunds or infinitives) and ensure structural consistency across all boxes. Summary Writing: Aim for one-third the length of the original text. Identify the core theme and avoid including minor details, examples, or your personal opinions. Cloze Tests: Read the entire passage first to grasp the context before attempting to fill in the blanks. Pay close attention to parts of speech, tense, and subject-verb agreement. Part 2: Guided Writing (40 Marks) This section evaluates your ability to structure thoughts coherently, use appropriate vocabulary, and adapt your writing style to different formats. Strategic Approach for Part 2: Paragraph Writing: Stick to a single paragraph. Begin with a strong topic sentence, follow with supporting details, and conclude with a summarizing sentence. Do not break it into multiple paragraphs. Interpreting Graphs/Charts: Avoid merely listing the data. Start with an introductory sentence explaining what the chart represents, highlight the major trends (highest, lowest, significant changes), and provide a brief concluding synthesis. Theme Writing: Keep it brief (typically 50–60 words). Focus strictly on the underlying message or central idea of the provided poem or text, rather than writing a literal summary of the events. Time Management: Allocate your 3 hours meticulously. Reserve at least 10–15 minutes at the end of the exam for proofreading to catch spelling and grammatical errors that could deduct points from your writing sections.

HSC Examination-2027 English 2nd Paper Test Items and distribution of marks Total marks 100 Grammar 60 Composition 40 Grammar test items marks 1 Gap filling activities without clues (for articles) 2 Gap filling activities without clues (for preposition) 5 3 Gap filling with clues ( Special uses : was born, have to/has to, would rather, had better, let alone, what if, as if, as soon as, what’s —- like, what does —- look like, introductory ‘there’ or ‘it’) 5 4 Completing sentences (use of conditionals, phrase, and clause) 5 5 Use of verbs (right form of verbs and subject verb agreement as per context) 5 6 Changing sentences ( change of voice, sentence types, degrees) 5 7 Narrative style (direct to indirect and vice versa) 5 8 Pronoun reference/ pronoun agreement 5 9 Use of modifiers 5 10 Use of sentence connectors 5 11 Use of synonym and antonym 5 12 Punctuation 5 Composition test items Marks 13 Formal letter / email 08 14 Report writing 08 15 Paragraphs 10 16 Free writing (200-250 words) 14 Question no-1 Article Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. After writing the answers , examine whether the articles are correct in the given gap . 3.Give special attention to the sound of the first letter after the gap to determine whether a/an will be used How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Always write the answers downward. 3. You can write like- (a)The (b) X (c) an …… Question-2 Preposition- Gap Filling Activities Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap . 3. Remember that most of them might be appropriate preposition. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-2” 2. Always write the answers downward. 3. You can write like- (a)on (b) to (c) at …… Question -3 Gap Filling Activities ( Special of some phrases) Strategies: 1. At first read the options very carefully. 2. Try to determine which option will fit in the specific gaps 3. One word/phrase is used once only 4. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap 5. .Write only the answers How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a)have to (b) what’s it like (c) let alone …… Question-4 Completing Sentences Strategies: 1. Read all sentences from the beginning to the last. 2. Determine the topic or subject matter of the exercise. 3. Complete the sentences using preferably a clause or phrase according to the context. 4. Read the completed sentences again to see whether they make sense or not. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. Write the sentence which you are to complete. 3. Underline the portion that you have written. 4. You can write like- (a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick. (b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled. (c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it. …………. Question 5 Use of Verbs Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times). 2. Determine the tense of the passage and write the appropriate form of the verbs. 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the passage using the form of the verbs to see whether your words sound reasonable in the context How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing … Question 6 Changing Sentence Strategies: 1. At first read the sentences carefully and notice the instruction in the bracket. 2. Sometimes all the sentences are given on the same topic, So your sentences should also match the theme. 3. Write only the answers. 4. Don’t get stuck in one question rather move forward and attempt the next question. Later you can come back and write answer of the remaining ones. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) Everyone wants to be happy. (b) ….. (c) ….. … …………. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t change meaning Don’t use wrong structure Don’t forget auxiliary Question- 7 Narrative Style Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully (2 times). 2. Determine the speaker, the person spoken to and tense and person of the given text. 3. Write the answer accordingly. 4. Put the inverted comma according to rule if you are to convert indirect to direct. 5. Read your full answer . How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. You can write your answer like this: Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they would cost three thousand taka. Question no-8 Pronoun Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully (2 times). 2.Write the full paragraph and must underline the changes you have made to the paragraph How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. Write full pasage. 3. You can write like- Giasuddin Azam Shah who was a righteous and kind Sultan of Bengal once killed a window's son with an arrow accidentally while hunting a deer in the forest The widow was shocked at the incident and went to the judge to present her complaints against the sultan and prayed for justice. The judge could not avoid the urge of the widow. He summoned the sultan before the court and charged him with killing the widow's son. The Sultan confessed his guilt and compensated the loss of the widow and the compensation not only gave satisfaction to her but also pleased the judge. Question 9 Modifiers Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Starting from the beginning read the hints given in the brackets. 3. After writing the answers, read the sentences back to examine whether sentences make sense. 4. Write only the answers. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) begging (b) to earn (c) landless … Question 10 Sentence Connectors Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Try to determine the topic and sequence of the actions. 3. You may use one connector twice. 4. After writing the answers, examine whether the connector sounds correct in the given gap 5. Write only the answers. 6. Remember, connectors are easy but confusing. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) In fact (b) But (c) Rather … Question-11 Synonyms and Antonyms Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. 2. Observe how the words are used in the text. 3. According to the text try to write the synonyms/antonyms. 4. When synonyms are written the meaning should remain similar. In case of antonyms the meaning might become opposite. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. You can write like- (a)great (b) easy (c) necessity … Question 12 Punctuation Strategies: 1. At first read the passage carefully (2 times) 2. Determine whether the given passage is written in direct or indirect speech. 3. If the passage is in direct speech, use the quotation mark accordingly. 4. Rewrite the passage using punctuation marks. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-12” 2. Rewrite only the answers. You can write like- “Do not worry about a few mistakes,” said the teacher. “You can learn a lot through your mistakes.” “Do we learn from our mistakes?” asked the boy. Writing Part Question 13 Formal Letter/Email (Application) Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Underline the key words of the application. 3. Start writing from the beginning of the page. 4. Don’t write overleaf. 5. Always use formal language in application. 6. Use formal tone and academic vocabulary. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-13” 2. Write the application starting from the beginning of the page. 3. You can use small hand writing to accommodate more words. Question 14 Report Writing Strategies: Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. Keep reasonable margin in all sides A standard report has four main parts: Title, Introduction, Main Body, and Conclusion. Title: Capitalize main words (nouns, verbs) and use lowercase for small grammar words (articles, prepositions), such as "Food Adulteration and its Damning Consequences". Reporter Details: Optionally add the writer's name, location, and time below the title. Introduction: Clearly state the place, time, and people present at the event. Main Body: Describe the events step-by-step in exact chronological order from start to finish. Conclusion: End with a strong summary of the event or offer solutions if discussing a problem. Word Count: Follow the given word target closely, or write as much as needed if no limit is provided. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-14” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 3. Write the paragraph Example: Increasing Prices of Essential Commodities Staff Reporter, The Daily Observer, Rangpur; 29 December 2025: In Rangpur, the prices of essential commodities are currently rising by leaps and bounds, breaking all previous records. This.................................... Question 15 Writing Paragraph Strategies: Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. Keep reasonable margin in all sides Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) Never write more than one paragraph. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- starter, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-15” Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. Write the paragraph Question 16 Writing composition Strategies: 1. Start writing the composition from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write the Name of the composition(heading/title) 4. Write 4-6 paragraphs. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 250 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Maintain the key writing techniques for composition- stater, developer and conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-16” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 1. Write the compostion ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t write without structure Don’t repeat same idea এইচএসসি ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় পত্রে ভালো করার কৌশল (Strategies for Doing Well in HSC English Second Paper) Question No-1: Article Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage very carefully (at least 2 times) to understand the context. (প্যাসেজটি খুব মনোযোগ দিয়ে অন্তত ২ বার পড়ো।) After writing the answers, examine whether the articles fit correctly in the given gaps. (উত্তর লেখার পর আর্টিক্যালগুলো সঠিকভাবে বসেছে কিনা তা যাচাই করো।) Give special attention to the sound of the first letter after the gap to determine whether a/an will be used. (গ্যাপের পরের শব্দের প্রথম ধ্বনি/Sound-এর দিকে বিশেষ খেয়াল রাখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-1” at the top. Always write the answers downward (লম্বালম্বিভাবে উত্তর লিখবে). Format example: (a) The (b) ❌ (c) an Question No-2: Preposition (Gap Filling Activities) Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage very carefully at least 2 times. (প্যাসেজটি মনোযোগ সহকারে অন্তত ২ বার পড়ো।) After writing the answers, examine whether the prepositions sound correct and fit the context. (উত্তরগুলো বাক্যে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ কি না তা পরীক্ষা করো।) Remember that most of them might be appropriate prepositions. (মনে রাখবে, বেশিরভাগ ক্ষেত্রে Appropriate Preposition ব্যবহৃত হয়।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-2”. Always write the answers downward. Format example: (a) on (b) to (c) at Question No-3: Gap Filling Activities (Special Phrases / Words) Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): At first, read the options in the box very carefully. (প্রথমে বক্সের অপশনগুলো ভালোভাবে পড়ে নাও।) Determine which option fits correctly into specific gaps based on sentence structure. (কোন গ্যাপে কোন শব্দ বা ফ্রেইজ বসবে তা নির্ধারণ করো।) Remember, one word/phrase is used once only. (একটি শব্দ বা ফ্রেইজ কেবল একবারই ব্যবহার করা যাবে।) Re-read to ensure the complete sentence sounds natural. (লেখা শেষ হলে পুরো বাক্যটি পড়ে নিশ্চিত হও।) Write only the answers. (খাতায় শুধু উত্তরগুলো লিখবে।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-3”. Always write the answers downward. Format example: (a) have to (b) what’s it like (c) let alone Question No-4: Completing Sentences Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read all sentences from the beginning to the end. (শুরু থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত পুরো টেক্সটটি পড়ো।) Determine the core topic or subject matter of the passage. (বিষয়বস্তু বা মূল প্রসঙ্গটি অনুধাবন করো।) Complete the sentences using preferably a relevant clause or phrase according to the context. (প্রসঙ্গ অনুযায়ী সঠিক Clause বা Phrase ব্যবহার করে বাক্যটি সম্পন্ন করো।) Read the completed sentences again to verify whether they make complete sense. (সম্পূর্ণ করার পর বাক্যটি অর্থপূর্ণ হয়েছে কি না তা মিলিয়ে নাও।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-4”. Write the full sentence that you are completing. (সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যটি খাতায় তুলতে হবে।) Underline the portion that you have added. (তোমার লেখা অংশটির নিচে আন্ডারলাইন করবে।) Format example: (a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick. (b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled. (c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it. Question No-5: Right Form of Verbs Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the given text very carefully at least 2 times. (পুরো প্যাসেজটি অন্তত ২ বার ভালোভাবে পড়ো।) Determine the overall tense of the passage and apply correct verb forms based on grammar rules. (প্যাসেজের Tense চিহ্নিত করো এবং সঠিক Verb Form নির্বাচন করো।) Re-read the passage with your inserted verbs to check grammatical correctness. (উত্তরগুলো বসিয়ে পুনরায় পড়ে অর্থ সংগতি যাচাই করো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-5”. Write only the answers downward. Format example: (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing Question No-6: Changing Sentences / Transformation Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the sentences carefully and notice the instruction given in the bracket. (ব্র্যাকেটে দেওয়া নির্দেশনাটি ভালোভাবে খেয়াল করো।) Maintain the main theme if all sentences belong to a single topic. (প্রসঙ্গের ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখো।) Write only the transformed answers. (শুধু পরিবর্তিত উত্তর লিখলেই চলবে।) Don’t get stuck on one tricky sentence; move forward and return to it later. (একটি প্রশ্নে আটকে না থেকে বাকিগুলো আগে শেষ করো।) ❌ What to Avoid (যা এড়িয়ে চলবে): Don’t change the meaning of the original sentence. (মূল অর্থ পরিবর্তন করবে না।) Don’t use wrong grammatical structures. (ভুল ব্যাকরণগত কাঠামো ব্যবহার করবে না।) Don’t forget auxiliary verbs where required. (প্রয়োজনীয় Auxiliary Verb বাদ দেবে না।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-6”. Format example: (a) Everyone wants to be happy. (b) ... (c) ... Question No-7: Narrative Style (Direct to Indirect Speech) Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage very carefully (2 times). (প্যাসেজটি ২ বার মনোযোগ দিয়ে পড়ো।) Identify the speaker, the person spoken to, the tense, and the pronouns. (বক্তা, শ্রোতা, Tense এবং Pronoun চিহ্নিত করো।) Rewrite the passage in reported speech following narration rules. (Narration-এর নিয়ম মেনে উত্তরটি সাজাও।) Put quotation marks correctly if converting indirect to direct speech. (Indirect থেকে Direct করার ক্ষেত্রে সঠিক স্থানে Inverted Comma বসাও।) Proofread the completed passage carefully. (সম্পূর্ণ উত্তরটি একবার রিভিশন দাও।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-7”. Write as a continuous passage. Format example: Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they would cost three thousand taka. Question No-8: Pronoun Referencing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage very carefully (2 times). (প্যাসেজটি মনোযোগ দিয়ে ২ বার পড়ো।) Identify unclear or incorrect pronouns and replace them with appropriate nouns. (অস্পষ্ট বা ভুল Pronoun-গুলো খুঁজে সঠিক Noun বসাও।) Rewrite the full paragraph and strictly underline the changes you made. (সম্পূর্ণ অনুচ্ছেদটি লিখে তোমার করা পরিবর্তনের নিচে দাগ দাও।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-8”. Write the entire updated passage. Format example: Giasuddin Azam Shah, who was a righteous and kind Sultan of Bengal, once killed a widow's son with an arrow accidentally while hunting a deer in the forest. The widow was shocked at the incident and went to the judge to present her complaints against the sultan and prayed for justice. The judge could not avoid the urge of the widow. He summoned the sultan before the court and charged him with killing the widow's son. The Sultan confessed his guilt and compensated the loss of the widow, and the compensation not only gave satisfaction to her but also pleased the judge. Question No-9: Modifiers Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage with gaps very carefully. (গ্যাপসহ পুরো প্যাসেজটি ভালোভাবে পড়ে নাও।) Follow the specific hints given in brackets for each gap (e.g., pre-modify the noun, post-modify the verb). (ব্র্যাকেটে দেওয়া নির্দেশনাগুলো কঠোরভাবে অনুসরণ করো।) Re-read the passage to check if the modified words make total sense. (উত্তর লেখার পর বাক্যগুলোর অর্থ সঠিক আছে কি না পরখ করো।) Write only the answers downward. (শুধু উত্তরগুলো পর পর লিখবে।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-9”. Format example: (a) begging (b) to earn (c) landless Question No-10: Sentence Connectors Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage with gaps very carefully. (গ্যাপসহ প্যাসেজটি ভালো করে পড়ো।) Identify the logical link and sequence of actions between sentences. (বাক্যগুলোর মধ্যকার যুক্তি ও ক্রম অনুধাবন করো।) Ensure the connector correctly expresses cause, contrast, addition, or conclusion. (সংযোজক শব্দটি সঠিক অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে কি না যাচাই করো।) Write only the answers. (শুধুমাত্র উত্তর লিখবে।) Note: Connectors seem easy but can be confusing; check carefully. (Sentence Connectors সহজ মনে হলেও বিভ্রান্তিকর হতে পারে, তাই সতর্ক থাকো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-10”. Format example: (a) In fact (b) But (c) Rather Question No-11: Synonyms and Antonyms Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage carefully to understand the context of the underlined words. (প্যাসেজটি পড়ে মূল শব্দের প্রাসঙ্গিক অর্থ বুঝে নাও।) Check the requirement (Synonym or Antonym) requested for each item. (প্রতিটি শব্দের ক্ষেত্রে সমার্থক নাকি বিপরীত শব্দ চাওয়া হয়েছে তা খেয়াল করো।) Match the same part of speech for your answer as the target word. (মূল শব্দ যে Part of Speech-এ আছে, উত্তরটি সেই Part of Speech-এই লেখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-11”. Format example: (a) great (b) easy (c) necessity Question No-12: Punctuation and Capitalization Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the passage carefully at least 2 times. (প্যাসেজটি অন্তত ২ বার ভালোভাবে পড়ো।) Determine whether it is written in direct or indirect speech. (লেখাটি Direct Speech নাকি Indirect Speech-এ আছে তা নিশ্চিত করো।) Use quotation marks, commas, and capital letters appropriately for direct speech. (Direct Speech হলে সঠিক স্থানে Quotation Mark ও Capital Letter ব্যবহার করো।) Rewrite the whole passage with all corrections. (সম্পূর্ণ প্যাসেজটি বিরামচিহ্নসহ পুনরায় খাতায় লেখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-12”. Rewrite the fully punctuated passage. Format example: “Do not worry about a few mistakes,” said the teacher. “You can learn a lot through your mistakes.” “Do we learn from our mistakes?” asked the boy. Writing Part (লিখিত অংশ) Question No-13: Formal Letter / Application Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Read the given instructions/topic very carefully (at least 2 times). (প্রশ্নটি ভালো করে ২ বার পড়ে নাও।) Underline the key details (e.g., Recipient, Subject, Institution name). (মূল বিষয় ও প্রাপককে চিহ্নিত করো।) Start writing from a fresh page. (নতুন একটি পৃষ্ঠা থেকে লেখা শুরু করো।) Avoid writing overleaf if possible; try to finish on a single page. (সম্ভব হলে এক পৃষ্ঠার মধ্যেই আবেদনপত্র শেষ করো।) Always use formal language, polite tone, and academic vocabulary. (সর্বদা প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক ভাষা ও বিনম্র সুর বজায় রাখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-13”. Write the application neatly starting from the top left of the page. Maintain accurate margins and clear spacing between structural parts (Date, Address, Subject, Salutation, Body, Conclusion). Question No-14: Report Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Start writing from the beginning of a fresh page with suitable margins on all sides. (নতুন পৃষ্ঠায় চারপাশে মার্জিন রেখে শুরু করো।) A standard report consists of four main components: Title: Capitalize main words (nouns, verbs) and keep small grammar words (articles, prepositions) lowercase (e.g., "Food Adulteration and its Damning Consequences"). Reporter Details: Include writer name/role, location, and date below the title. Introduction: Clearly state the place, time, and context of the event/issue. Main Body: Present details in step-by-step chronological order. Conclusion: End with a summary or actionable recommendations/solutions. Follow the target word count accurately. How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-14”. Write the Title centered at the top. Format example: Increasing Prices of Essential Commodities Staff Reporter, The Daily Observer, Rangpur; 29 December 2025: In Rangpur, the prices of essential commodities are currently rising by leaps and bounds, breaking all previous records. This... Question No-15: Paragraph Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Start writing from the top of a fresh page with proper margins. (পরিপাটি মার্জিনসহ নতুন পৃষ্ঠায় শুরু করো।) Must write the title/heading centered at the top. (অবশ্যই প্যারাগ্রাফের শিরোনাম বা Title উল্লেখ করবে।) Never divide the content into multiple paragraphs—write as a single unbroken paragraph. (একটির বেশি প্যারাগ্রাফ করা সম্পূর্ণ নিষেধ।) Stick close to the requested word limit (usually around 200 words). (নির্দেশিত শব্দসীমা বজায় রেখে লেখো।) Maintain core paragraph structure: Topic Sentence (Starter), Supporting Ideas (Developer), and Concluding Sentence. (সূচনা, বিস্তারিত ও উপসংহারের ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখো।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-15”. Write the Title centered. Begin writing the single-paragraph content immediately below the title. Question No-16: Composition Writing Strategies (কৌশলসমূহ): Start writing from the top of a fresh page with appropriate page margins. (সুন্দর মার্জিন দিয়ে পৃষ্ঠা শুরু করো।) Clearly write the Title/Heading of the composition at the center. (উপরে রচনার বিষয় শিরোনাম সুন্দরভাবে লেখো।) Structure your content into 4 to 6 distinct paragraphs. (লেখাটিকে ৪ থেকে ৬টি প্যারায় বিভক্ত করে লেখো।) Aim for the specified word count (usually ~250 words). (সাধারণত ২৫০ শব্দের মধ্যে লেখার চেষ্টা করো।) Ensure a clear logical flow: Introduction (Starter), Body Paragraphs (Developer), and Conclusion. (ভূমিকা, বিবরণ ও উপসসংহারের গঠন ঠিক রাখো।) ❌ What to Avoid (যা এড়িয়ে চলবে): Don't write without proper paragraph structure. (প্যারা ছাড়া ঢালাওভাবে লিখবে না।) Don't repeat the same ideas across different sections. (একই কথা বারবার ঘুরিয়ে লিখবে না।) How to Write Answer (উত্তর লেখার নিয়ম): Write “Answer to the Question No-16”. Write the Heading at the top center. Begin writing the composition with proper paragraph breaks.

Appreciating Poetry Poem “Hope” is the thing with feathers By Emily Dickinson “Hope” is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words - And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard - And sore must be the storm - That could abash the little Bird That kept so many warm - I’ve heard it in the chillest land - And on the strangest Sea - Yet - never - in Extremity, It asked a crumb - of me. Vocabulary List Abash (Destroy the self-confidence of/frighten) [ভয় দেখানো/থামিয়ে দেওয়া], All (Completely) [সব/পুরোপুরি], And (Along with) [এবং], Asked (Requested) [চেয়েছিল], At (In or to) [তে], Bird (A feathered creature) [পাখি], Chillest (Coldest/most difficult) [শীতলতম/কঠিনতম], Could (Would be able to) [পারত], Crumb (A small fragment of bread) [টুকরো/সামান্য কণা], Extremity (The extreme degree or condition of hardship) [চরম অবস্থা/চরম বিপদ], Feathers (Plumage of a bird) [পালক], Gale (A very strong wind/storm) [দমকা হাওয়া/ঝড়], Heard (Perceived with the ear) [শোনা গেছে], Hope (A feeling of expectation and desire) [আশা], I've (I have) [আমি (শুনেছি)], In (Inside) [ভিতরে], Is (Exists as) [হয়], It (This thing) [ইহা/এটি], Kept (Maintained in a state) [রেখেছিল], Land (The part of the earth's surface) [ভূমি/দেশ], Little (Small in size) [ছোট], Many (A large number) [অনেককে], Me (Objective form of I) [আমাকে/আমার কাছে], Must (Be obliged to) [অবশ্যই], Never (At no time) [কখনো না], Of (Expressing relationship) [এর], On (Physically in contact with) [উপরে], Perches (Alights or rests on something) [বসে/আশ্রয় নেয়], Sea (The expanse of salt water) [সাগর], Sings (Makes musical sounds) [গান গায়], So (To such a great extent) [এত], Sore (Severe; painful) [তীব্র/যন্ত্রণাদায়ক], Soul (The spiritual part of a human) [আত্মা], Stops (Ceases to happen) [থামে], Storm (A violent disturbance of the atmosphere) [ঝড়], Strangest (Most unusual or alien) [অচেনা/অদ্ভুত], Sweetest (Most pleasing) [সবচেয়ে সুমধুর], That (Which) [যা], The (Definite article) [টি/টা], Thing (An inanimate object or concept) [জিনিস/বস্তু], Tune (A melody) [সুর], Warm (At a comfortably high temperature; comforted) [উষ্ণ/স্বস্তিতে], Without (In the absence of) [ছাড়া/বিনা], Words (Meaningful elements of speech) [কথা/শব্দ], Yet (Up until the present; nevertheless) [তবুও]. Verse Paraphrase and Translation English Verse Paraphrase Bangla Meaning "Hope" is the thing with feathers Hope is beautifully compared to a small, resilient, and delicate bird. "আশা" হলো পালকযুক্ত এমন এক বস্তু (পাখি) That perches in the soul - That rests securely and makes its permanent home deep within the human spirit. যা আত্মার মাঝে বসে (আশ্রয় নেয়) - And sings the tune without the words And it continuously sings a beautiful, comforting melody that needs no spoken language. এবং শব্দ ছাড়াই সুর গায় And never stops - at all - And it never ceases its uplifting song, no matter the circumstances. এবং কখনোই থামে না - একেবারে না - And sweetest in the Gale - is heard - Its comforting song sounds the most beautiful and inspiring during the harshest winds (difficult times). এবং ঝড়ের (বিপদের) সময় সবচেয়ে সুমধুর শোনায় - And sore must be the storm - A storm or life crisis would have to be incredibly severe and devastating... এবং ঝড়কে অবশ্যই অনেক তীব্র হতে হবে - That could abash the little Bird ...to be able to frighten, discourage, or silence this brave little bird of hope. যা এই ছোট্ট পাখিটিকে ভয় দেখাতে বা থামাতে পারে That kept so many warm This is the very bird that has provided spiritual warmth and emotional security to countless people. যে পাখিটি এত মানুষকে উষ্ণ (স্বস্তিতে) রেখেছে I've heard it in the chillest land - The speaker has heard hope's reassuring song in the coldest, most difficult phases of life. আমি একে শীতলতম (কঠিনতম) দেশে শুনেছি - And on the strangest Sea - And even in the most unfamiliar, alienating, and terrifying situations. এবং সবচেয়ে অদ্ভুত (অচেনা) সাগরে - Yet-never-in Extremity, However, even in the most extreme, desperate moments of suffering and need, তবুও - কখনোই - চরম বিপদের মাঝেও, It asked a crumb of me. Hope has never demanded even the tiniest bit of payment or favor in return from the speaker. এটি আমার কাছে এক টুকরো খাবারও (বিনিময়) চায়নি। Summary In Emily Dickinson's poem "Hope is the thing with feathers," the poet beautifully personifies hope as a resilient little bird that continuously resides within the human soul. This bird sings a wordless, never-ending melody that provides constant spiritual comfort. The song of hope becomes even sweeter and more inspiring during a "Gale," representing life's harshest struggles and darkest moments. The poet suggests that only an incredibly devastating storm could ever frighten or silence this brave little bird, which has kept countless people warm and emotionally secure throughout history. In the final stanza, the speaker shares a personal reflection, stating that she has heard the comforting song of hope in the "chillest land" and the "strangest Sea"—symbolizing the most difficult and alienating experiences of her life. Despite being a constant source of strength during extreme hardships, this selfless bird of hope has never asked for a single "crumb" or any form of repayment in return. [এমিলি ডিকিনসনের "হোপ ইজ দ্য থিং উইথ ফেদারস" কবিতায়, কবি সুন্দরভাবে আশাকে একটি প্রাণবন্ত ছোট্ট পাখি হিসেবে রূপায়িত করেছেন যা মানুষের আত্মার মাঝে অবিরত বাস করে। এই পাখিটি একটি শব্দহীন, অন্তহীন সুর গায় যা অবিরাম আধ্যাত্মিক সান্ত্বনা প্রদান করে। একটি "দমকা হাওয়া" বা জীবনের সবচেয়ে কঠিন সংগ্রাম ও অন্ধকার মুহূর্তে আশার গান আরও সুমধুর এবং অনুপ্রেরণাদায়ক হয়ে ওঠে। কবি ইঙ্গিত দেন যে, কেবল একটি অত্যন্ত ধ্বংসাত্মক ঝড়ই এই সাহসী ছোট্ট পাখিটিকে ভয় দেখাতে বা স্তব্ধ করতে পারে, যে পাখিটি যুগে যুগে অসংখ্য মানুষকে উষ্ণ ও মানসিকভাবে নিরাপদ রেখেছে। শেষ স্তবকে, বক্তা তার ব্যক্তিগত অভিজ্ঞতা শেয়ার করে বলেন যে তিনি "শীতলতম দেশে" এবং "সবচেয়ে অদ্ভুত সাগরে"—অর্থাৎ জীবনের সবচেয়ে কঠিন এবং প্রতিকূল পরিস্থিতিতে আশার এই সান্ত্বনাদায়ক গান শুনেছেন। চরম কষ্টের সময় শক্তির এক ধ্রুবক উৎস হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, আশার এই নিঃস্বার্থ পাখিটি কখনো বিনিময়ে একটি "কণা" বা কোনো ধরনের প্রতিদান চায়নি।] Theme The central theme of the poem is the enduring, selfless, and resilient nature of hope. Hope is portrayed as a vital spiritual force that effortlessly sustains humanity through the darkest and most challenging times. It provides unconditional comfort and strength without ever demanding anything in return. The poem highlights that hope is an inherent, invincible part of the human condition that survives even in the most extreme circumstances. [কবিতাটির মূলভাব হলো আশার চিরস্থায়ী, নিঃস্বার্থ এবং স্থিতিস্থাপক প্রকৃতি। আশাকে এমন একটি অপরিহার্য আধ্যাত্মিক শক্তি হিসেবে চিত্রিত করা হয়েছে যা অনায়াসেই অন্ধকার ও কঠিনতম সময়ে মানবজাতিকে টিকিয়ে রাখে। এটি বিনিময়ে কিছু না চেয়েই নিঃশর্ত সান্ত্বনা এবং শক্তি প্রদান করে। কবিতাটি তুলে ধরে যে আশা মানুষের অস্তিত্বের একটি অন্তর্নিহিত, অজেয় অংশ যা সবচেয়ে চরম পরিস্থিতিতেও টিকে থাকে।] Questions: a) Answer the following questions: i. What does the “thing with feathers” symbolize in the poem? The “thing with feathers” symbolizes hope. Dickinson uses the image of a small bird with feathers to represent hope as something gentle and persistent that resides within the human soul, bringing comfort even in difficult times. ii. How does the poet describe hope’s presence in difficult situations? The poet describes hope as something that continues to sing sweetly even in harsh circumstances, like in a “Gale” or a “chillest land.” This suggests that hope is resilient and can survive even in the darkest or most challenging moments. iii. What does the poet mean when she says hope “never stops - at all”? By saying that hope “never stops - at all,” Dickinson implies that hope is constant and unwavering. It always exists within us, offering comfort and strength without any breaks or conditions, no matter the situation. iv. What is the significance of hope asking for “a crumb” in return? The poet emphasizes that hope is selfless; it does not demand anything from us. Even though hope provides warmth, comfort, and strength, it does not expect to be repaid. This shows hope’s generosity and unconditional presence in our lives. v. What message does the poem convey about the nature of hope? The poem conveys that hope is a powerful yet gentle force within us. It is always there, offering support and resilience in tough times without asking for anything in return. Dickinson suggests that hope is a gift that helps us through life’s challenges, even when all else seems lost. b) Identify 3 metaphors and 3 similes used in the poem. Then explain the purpose of their uses. Metaphors: “Hope is the thing with feathers” – Hope is compared to a bird, symbolizing its ability to lift our spirits. “That perches in the soul” – Hope is described as a bird that rests in the soul, emphasizing its deep, inner presence. “And sings the tune without the words” – Hope’s influence is compared to a song, showing how it can inspire and uplift without needing to be seen or heard directly. Similes:(Note: Dickinson’s poem uses metaphors rather than similes, so hypothetical similes could be added if needed.) Purpose of their uses. The metaphors serve to give hope a gentle, nurturing quality, suggesting that it is always there to uplift and support us. Comparing hope to a bird with feathers also highlights its resilience and ability to bring warmth, even in cold or stormy times. c) Read the poem again and express your feelings. After reading this poem, I feel inspired and comforted by Dickinson’s vision of hope. She presents hope as a small bird that lives within us, always singing and bringing warmth, no matter how difficult life may become. This image of a bird perching in the soul feels very comforting, as if hope is always close to us, quietly lifting our spirits without us even realizing it. I am especially moved by how she describes hope’s strength in the worst situations, like “in the chillest land” or “on the strangest sea.” These words make me think of life’s hardest times, when we feel lost or alone. Even then, hope is present, singing and giving us courage. The fact that it “never asks a crumb” in return makes hope seem even more precious, like a gift that we always have but might take for granted. Overall, the poem reminds me of how powerful hope is, even though it’s often silent and unnoticed. It reassures me that, no matter what challenges I may face, hope will be there, lifting me up without expecting anything in return. Detailed Summary of "Hope is the thing with feathers" 1. The Bird of the Soul The poem begins with a unique metaphor: "Hope" is a bird. By calling it a "thing with feathers," Dickinson suggests that hope is light, delicate, and capable of flying above our problems. This bird "perches" or sits within the human soul. Unlike a real bird that sings lyrics, hope sings a song "without the words," meaning it is a pure feeling that doesn't need language to be understood. Most importantly, it never stops singing—it is a constant presence. 2. Strength in the Storm Dickinson explains that hope’s song sounds "sweetest" when the "Gale" (a strong wind or storm) is blowing. This means that when life gets difficult, hope becomes even more powerful and comforting. It would take a "sore" or incredibly terrible storm to ever silence this little bird. This bird has "kept so many warm," meaning hope provides comfort and survival to people during their darkest times. 3. Universal and Selfless The speaker mentions that they have heard the song of hope in the "chillest land" and on the "strangest Sea." This shows that hope exists everywhere—in the loneliest places and the most confusing situations. The most beautiful part of the poem is the ending: even though hope provides so much strength, it never asks for even a "crumb" in return. Hope is completely selfless; it gives everything and asks for nothing. বিস্তারিত সারসংক্ষেপ (Bangla Summary) এমিলি ডিকিনসনের "Hope is the thing with feathers" ইংরেজি সাহিত্যের অন্যতম সেরা একটি কবিতা। এখানে কবি ‘আশা’-কে একটি ছোট পাখির সাথে তুলনা করেছেন যা মানুষের আত্মার গভীরে বাস করে। ১. আত্মার পাখি: কবিতাটির শুরুতে কবি ‘আশা’-কে একটি পালকযুক্ত পাখির সাথে তুলনা করেছেন। এর মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয়েছে যে আশা হলো হালকা, কোমল এবং এটি মানুষের মনের সব বাধা পেরিয়ে উড়ে যেতে পারে। এই পাখিটি মানুষের আত্মার ভেতর বাস করে। এটি এমন এক গান গায় যার কোনো ভাষা নেই, কিন্তু এর সুর কখনো থামে না। অর্থাৎ, মানুষের মনে আশার উপস্থিতি চিরন্তন। ২. ঝড়ের মাঝে শক্তি: কবি বলেছেন, যখন বাইরে প্রবল ঝড় (জীবনের কঠিন সময়) বয়ে যায়, তখন আশার এই গান আরও মধুর শোনায়। এই ছোট্ট পাখিটি অনেক মানুষকে উষ্ণতা ও সাহস জুগিয়েছে। অনেক বড় কোনো বিপর্যয় ছাড়া এই পাখিকে স্তব্ধ করা সম্ভব নয়। অর্থাৎ, বিপদ যত বাড়ে, মানুষের মনের আশাও তত শক্তিশালী হয়। ৩. নিঃস্বার্থ ভালোবাসা: কবি এই আশার গান শুনেছেন শীতলতম দেশে এবং অচেনা সমুদ্রে। এর অর্থ হলো—একাকীত্ব বা চরম বিভ্রান্তির মাঝেও আশা আমাদের সাথে থাকে। কবিতার শেষ অংশে একটি চমৎকার কথা বলা হয়েছে: আশা আমাদের এত শক্তি দিলেও বিনিময়ে সে কখনো এক টুকরো ‘রুটির কণা’ (সামান্য কিছু) দাবি করে না। আশা সম্পূর্ণ নিঃস্বার্থ; সে কেবল দিয়ে যায়, কিছু চায় না। Vocabulary along with their English meanings and Bangla translations: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hope A feeling of expectation and desire for something to happen আশা Thing An object or item; used metaphorically here for "hope" বস্তু, বিষয় Feathers Soft, light coverings that form the outer covering of birds পালক Perches Sits or rests on something, especially for a bird বসে থাকা (পাখির মতো) Soul The spiritual or immaterial part of a person or being আত্মা Sings To produce musical tones with the voice গান গাওয়া Tune A melody or a series of musical notes সুর Words Written or spoken language শব্দ Stops To cease doing something; to come to an end থামানো, বন্ধ করা Gale A strong wind ঝড়, তুফান Sweetest The most pleasant or delightful সবচেয়ে মিষ্টি Heard Perceived sound through the ears শোনা Sore Painful or intense বেদনা, কষ্ট Storm A violent disturbance of the atmosphere, usually with wind or rain ঝড় Abash To embarrass or disconcert লজ্জিত করা Little Small in size or amount ছোট Bird A feathered creature that can fly পাখি Warm Having a comfortable temperature উষ্ণ Chillest The most cold সবচেয়ে শীতল Land A specific area of the earth's surface জমি, ভূমি Sea A large body of saltwater সাগর Strangest Very unusual or odd অদ্ভুত Extremity The furthest or most extreme point or condition অতি সীমা Asked Requested or inquired চাওয়া Crumb A small piece, often of bread or food টুকরা, দানা Keeps Maintains or holds something রাখা, ধারণ করা Many A large number of অনেক, বহু Must Expressing necessity or obligation অবশ্যই Never At no time or under no circumstances কখনও না Warmth The quality of being warm or comforting উষ্ণতা, সান্ত্বনা “Hope” is the thing with feathers — Emily Dickinson “Hope” is the thing with feathers —“আশা” হলো পালকযুক্ত এক পাখির মতো সত্তা— That perches in the soul —যে আমাদের আত্মার মধ্যে এসে বসে থাকে— And sings the tune without the words —এবং কোনো শব্দ ছাড়াই একটি সুর গেয়ে চলে— And never stops — at all —এবং কোনো সময়ই তার গান থামে না— And sweetest — in the Gale — is heard —আর প্রবল ঝড়ের মধ্যেই তার গান সবচেয়ে মধুর শোনায়— And sore must be the storm —এবং ঝড়টি অবশ্যই অত্যন্ত ভয়ংকর হতে হবে— That could abash the little Birdযে ঝড় সেই ছোট্ট পাখিটিকে স্তব্ধ বা নিরুৎসাহিত করতে পারে— That kept so many warm —যে পাখিটি এত মানুষকে উষ্ণতা ও সান্ত্বনা দিয়ে এসেছে— I’ve heard it in the chillest land —আমি সবচেয়ে শীতল ও প্রতিকূল স্থানেও তার গান শুনেছি— And on the strangest Sea —এবং সবচেয়ে অচেনা ও বিপদসংকুল সমুদ্রেও তার গান শুনেছি— Yet — never — in Extremity,তবুও চরম দুর্দশা ও সংকটের সময়েও কখনো— It asked a crumb — of me.সে আমার কাছে সামান্যতম প্রতিদানও চায়নি। Overall Meaning কবিতায় আশাকে একটি ছোট পাখির সঙ্গে তুলনা করা হয়েছে। পাখিটি মানুষের আত্মায় বাস করে এবং কোনো শব্দ ছাড়াই অবিরত গান গেয়ে যায়। জীবনের সবচেয়ে কঠিন সময়—ঝড়, শীতলতা, অচেনা পরিবেশ কিংবা চরম সংকট—এসবের মধ্যেও আশা তার গান থামায় না। সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো, আশা মানুষের কাছ থেকে কোনো প্রতিদান দাবি করে না। তাই কবিতাটি মানুষের জীবনে আশার অবিনাশী, সান্ত্বনাদায়ক ও শক্তিদায়ক ভূমিকার কথা প্রকাশ করে। Emily Dickinson — “Hope” is the thing with feathers Study Questions & Answers 1. How does Dickinson use the metaphor of a bird to represent hope? What qualities of the bird convey the nature of hope in the poem? Answer:Dickinson uses the metaphor of a small bird to represent hope. The bird “perches in the soul” and constantly sings its song, even though the song has no words. This suggests that hope lives naturally within the human spirit and continues to give comfort and encouragement. The bird is gentle, persistent, warm, and resilient. It continues singing even during the strongest storms and never stops. Thus, the qualities of the bird—its persistence, endurance, warmth, and ability to survive harsh conditions—represent the strength and lasting nature of hope. বাংলা অনুবাদ:ডিকিনসন আশাকে একটি ছোট পাখির রূপকের মাধ্যমে উপস্থাপন করেছেন। পাখিটি “আত্মার মধ্যে বসে থাকে” এবং কোনো শব্দ ছাড়াই অবিরাম তার গান গেয়ে চলে। এর মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয়েছে যে আশা মানুষের অন্তরে স্বাভাবিকভাবেই বাস করে এবং সবসময় মানুষকে সান্ত্বনা ও উৎসাহ দেয়। পাখিটি কোমল, অবিচল, উষ্ণতাদানকারী এবং সহনশীল। সবচেয়ে প্রবল ঝড়ের মধ্যেও এটি গান গাওয়া বন্ধ করে না। তাই পাখিটির অবিচলতা, সহনশীলতা, উষ্ণতা এবং প্রতিকূল পরিবেশে টিকে থাকার ক্ষমতা আশার শক্তি ও স্থায়িত্বকে প্রকাশ করে। 2. What role do the imagery of weather and nature play in enhancing the poem's theme? How do they reflect the challenges and resilience associated with hope? Answer:The imagery of weather and nature strengthens the poem's central theme of hope. Dickinson refers to the “Gale,” “storm,” “chillest land,” and “strangest Sea” to represent difficult and uncertain circumstances in life. The storm symbolizes hardships, suffering, and adversity. However, the little bird continues to sing even during the strongest storm. This contrast shows that genuine hope can survive even in the most difficult situations. The natural imagery therefore emphasizes the resilience and enduring power of hope. বাংলা অনুবাদ:আবহাওয়া ও প্রকৃতির চিত্রকল্প কবিতার আশাবাদী মূলভাবকে আরও শক্তিশালী করেছে। ডিকিনসন “প্রবল ঝড়”, “ঝঞ্ঝা”, “শীতলতম ভূমি” এবং “অচেনা সমুদ্র”-এর কথা উল্লেখ করেছেন, যা জীবনের কঠিন ও অনিশ্চিত পরিস্থিতির প্রতীক। ঝড় দুঃখ, কষ্ট, বিপদ ও প্রতিকূলতাকে বোঝায়। কিন্তু সবচেয়ে প্রবল ঝড়ের মধ্যেও ছোট পাখিটি গান গেয়ে যেতে থাকে। এই বৈপরীত্য দেখায় যে প্রকৃত আশা সবচেয়ে কঠিন পরিস্থিতিতেও টিকে থাকতে পারে। তাই প্রকৃতির এই চিত্রকল্প আশার দৃঢ়তা ও অক্ষয় শক্তিকে আরও স্পষ্টভাবে তুলে ধরেছে। 3. What is the significance of the line “It asked a crumb - of me”? How does this line contribute to the overall message about the nature of hope and its relationship with the individual? Answer:The line “It asked a crumb - of me” means that hope never demands anything from the speaker in return for the comfort and strength it provides. The bird continues to sing without asking for even the smallest reward. The “crumb” symbolizes a very small offering or sacrifice. This shows that hope is generous and selfless. It remains with a person during difficult times without demanding anything in return. The line therefore emphasizes that hope is a constant inner source of comfort, strength, and encouragement. বাংলা অনুবাদ:“It asked a crumb - of me” পঙ্‌ক্তিটির অর্থ হলো, আশা বক্তার কাছ থেকে তার দেওয়া সান্ত্বনা ও শক্তির বিনিময়ে কোনো কিছুই দাবি করে না। পাখিটি এমনকি সামান্যতম প্রতিদানও না চেয়ে অবিরত গান গেয়ে যায়। এখানে “crumb” বা “এক টুকরো খাদ্যকণা” একটি সামান্য দান বা ত্যাগের প্রতীক। এর মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয়েছে যে আশা উদার ও নিঃস্বার্থ। কঠিন সময়ে এটি মানুষের পাশে থাকে, কিন্তু বিনিময়ে কোনো কিছু দাবি করে না। তাই এই পঙ্‌ক্তিটি তুলে ধরে যে আশা মানুষের অন্তরে সান্ত্বনা, শক্তি ও উৎসাহের এক অবিচল উৎস হিসেবে কাজ করে।

Deathbed Poet: Imam al-Ghazali Say unto brethren when they see me dead, And weep for me, lamenting me in sadness: Think ye I am this corpse ye are to bury? I swear by God, this dead one is not I. I in the Spirit am, and this my body My dwelling was my garment for a time. I am a treasure: hidden I was beneath This talisman of dust, wherein I suffered. I am a pearl; a shell imprisoned me, But leaving it, all trials I have left. I am a bird, and this was once my cage; But I have flown, leaving it as a token. I praise God who hath set me free, and made For me a dwelling in the heavenly heights. Ere now I was a dead man in your midst, But I have come to life, and doffed my shroud. Vocabulary List Beneath (Extending or directly underneath) [নিচে] Bird (A feathered creature) [পাখি] Brethren (Brothers/close friends) [ভাইয়েরা/বন্ধুরা] Bury (Put or hide under ground) [কবর দেওয়া] But (Except/however) [কিন্তু] By (Through the agency of) [দ্বারা/নামে] Cage (An enclosure made of wire or metal bars) [খাঁচা] Come (Move or travel toward) [আসা] Corpse (A dead body) [মৃতদেহ] Dead (No longer alive) [মৃত] Doffed (Removed an item of clothing) [খুলে ফেলা/ত্যাগ করা] Dust (Fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth) [ধূলিকণা/মাটি] Dwelling (A house, flat, or other place of residence) [বাসস্থান] Ere (Before in time) [পূর্বে/আগে] Flown (Moved through the air) [উড়ে গেছে] For (In favor of/intended to) [জন্য] Free (Not under the control or in the power of another) [মুক্ত] Garment (An item of clothing) [পোশাক] God (The creator and ruler of the universe) [ঈশ্বর/আল্লাহ] Hath (Archaic third person singular present of have) [করেছেন/আছে] Have (Possess, own, or hold) [আছি/করেছি] Heavenly (Of heaven, divine) [স্বর্গীয়] Heights (High places) [উচ্চতা/চূড়া] Hidden (Kept out of sight) [লুকানো] I (First person pronoun) [আমি] Imprisoned (Kept in prison/confined) [বন্দি করেছিল] In (Expressing the situation of being enclosed) [ভিতরে] Is (Third person singular present of be) [হয়] It (This thing) [ইহা/এটি] Lamenting (Expressing passionate grief about) [বিলাপ করা/শোক করা] Leaving (Going away from) [ছেড়ে যাওয়া/ত্যাগ করা] Left (Gone away from) [ফেলে এসেছি] Life (The condition that distinguishes active organisms) [জীবন] Made (Formed by putting parts together) [তৈরি করেছেন] Man (An adult human male) [মানুষ] Me (Objective form of I) [আমাকে/আমার] Midst (In the middle of) [মাঝে] My (Belonging to me) [আমার] Not (Used to express negation) [না/নয়] Now (At the present time) [এখন] Of (Expressing relationship between a part and a whole) [এর] Once (On one occasion or for one time only) [একসময়] One (A single person or thing) [একজন/একটি] Pearl (A hard, lustrous spherical mass formed within the shell of an oyster) [মুক্তা] Praise (Express warm approval or admiration of) [প্রশংসা করা] Sadness (The condition or quality of being sad) [দুঃখ/শোক] Say (Utter words) [বলো] See (Perceive with the eyes) [দেখে] Set (Put, lay, or stand) [করা/দেওয়া] Shell (The hard protective outer case of a mollusk) [খোলস] Shroud (A length of cloth in which a dead person is wrapped) [কাফন] Spirit (The nonphysical part of a person; the soul) [আত্মা] Suffered (Experienced something bad or unpleasant) [কষ্ট পেয়েছি] Swear (Make a solemn statement or promise) [শপথ করা] Talisman (An object thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck) [তাবিজ] The (Definite article) [টি/টা] They (Third person plural pronoun) [তারা] Think (Have a particular opinion, belief, or idea) [ভাবা/মনে করা] This (Used to identify a specific person or thing) [এই/এটি] Time (The indefinite continued progress of existence) [সময়] To (Expressing motion in the direction of) [প্রতি/দিকে] Token (A thing serving as a visible or tangible representation of a fact/memory) [স্মৃতিচিহ্ন] Treasure (A quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects) [গুপ্তধন/সম্পদ] Trials (Experiences or situations that test a person's endurance) [কষ্ট/পরীক্ষা] Unto (Archaic term for 'to') [প্রতি/উদ্দেশে] Was (Past tense of be) [ছিল/ছিলাম] Weep (Shed tears) [কাঁদা] When (At what time) [যখন] Wherein (In which) [যেখানে] Who (What or which person) [যিনি] Ye (Archaic plural form of 'thou'/you) [তোমরা] Your (Belonging to you) [তোমাদের] Verse Paraphrase and Translation English Verse Paraphrase Bangla Meaning Say unto brethren when they see me dead, / And weep for me, lamenting me in sadness: Tell my brothers and friends, when they look at my lifeless body and cry for me in deep sorrow: যখন আমার ভাইয়েরা আমাকে মৃত দেখবে এবং গভীর শোকে আমার জন্য কাঁদবে, তখন তাদের বোলো: Think ye I am this corpse ye are to bury? / I swear by God, this dead one is not I. Do you really believe I am just this lifeless meat you are about to bury? I promise by God, this dead body is not my true self. তোমরা কি ভাবছ আমি এই মৃতদেহটি যা তোমরা কবর দিতে যাচ্ছ? আমি ঈশ্বরের নামে শপথ করে বলছি, এই মৃতদেহটি আমি নই। I in the Spirit am, and this my body / My dwelling was my garment for a time. My true existence is as a soul; this physical body was merely my temporary house and clothing. আমি আত্মায় বিরাজমান, এবং এই শরীরটি কেবল কিছু সময়ের জন্য আমার বাসস্থান ও পোশাক ছিল। I am a treasure: hidden I was beneath / This talisman of dust, wherein I suffered. I am a precious, divine treasure that was concealed under this magical charm made of earthly dust, where I endured pain. আমি একটি গুপ্তধন: যা ধূলিকণার এই তাবিজের (শরীরের) নিচে লুকানো ছিল, যেখানে আমি কষ্ট পেয়েছি। I am a pearl; a shell imprisoned me, / But leaving it, all trials I have left. I am like a valuable pearl that was trapped inside a hard shell; by leaving it behind, I have escaped all earthly hardships. আমি একটি মুক্তা; একটি খোলস আমাকে বন্দি করে রেখেছিল, কিন্তু এটি ত্যাগ করার মাধ্যমে আমি সমস্ত কষ্ট পেছনে ফেলে এসেছি। I am a bird, and this was once my cage; / But I have flown, leaving it as a token. I am a free spiritual bird, and this body was my cage; now I have flown away, leaving the body behind merely as a sign. আমি একটি পাখি, এবং এটি একসময় আমার খাঁচা ছিল; কিন্তু আমি উড়ে গেছি, এটিকে কেবল একটি স্মৃতিচিহ্ন হিসেবে রেখে। I praise God who hath set me free, and made / For me a dwelling in the heavenly heights. I thank the Creator who liberated me and provided me with a permanent home in the high heavens. আমি ঈশ্বরের প্রশংসা করি যিনি আমাকে মুক্ত করেছেন এবং স্বর্গের উচ্চতায় আমার জন্য একটি বাসস্থান তৈরি করেছেন। Ere now I was a dead man in your midst, / But I have come to life, and doffed my shroud. Before this, while living among you on earth, I was actually "dead"; but now, by shedding my mortal body, I have truly awakened to eternal life. এর আগে তোমাদের মাঝে আমি একজন মৃত মানুষ ছিলাম, কিন্তু এখন আমি জীবন ফিরে পেয়েছি এবং আমার কাফন খুলে ফেলেছি। Summary Imam al-Ghazali’s poem "Deathbed" is a profound spiritual reflection on the nature of death and the human soul. Speaking from beyond physical life, the speaker addresses his grieving friends and loved ones, urging them not to weep over his corpse. He clarifies that the lifeless body they are preparing to bury is not his true identity. Using powerful metaphors, he describes his physical body as a mere temporary garment, a "talisman of dust," a confining shell, and a bird's cage where his soul suffered earthly trials. The true self is the eternal spirit—a hidden treasure, a precious pearl, and a liberated bird. By leaving the physical body behind, the soul escapes the imprisonment of the mortal world. The poet joyfully praises God for granting him true freedom and an eternal dwelling in heaven. Ultimately, the poem beautifully reverses the traditional concept of life and death: earthly existence is portrayed as a state of "death" and limitation, while physical death is celebrated as the soul's glorious awakening to true, eternal life. [ইমাম আল-গাজ্জালির "ডেথবেড" কবিতাটি মৃত্যু এবং মানব আত্মার প্রকৃতি সম্পর্কে একটি গভীর আধ্যাত্মিক চিন্তাধারা। শারীরিক জীবনের ওপার থেকে কথা বলতে গিয়ে, বক্তা তার শোকাহত বন্ধু এবং প্রিয়জনদের তার মৃতদেহের উপর না কাঁদার আহ্বান জানান। তিনি স্পষ্ট করেন যে তারা যে প্রাণহীন দেহটি কবর দেওয়ার প্রস্তুতি নিচ্ছে তা তার আসল পরিচয় নয়। শক্তিশালী রূপক ব্যবহার করে, তিনি তার শারীরিক দেহকে নিছক একটি অস্থায়ী পোশাক, "ধূলিকণার তাবিজ", একটি বন্দি করা খোলস এবং একটি পাখির খাঁচা হিসেবে বর্ণনা করেছেন যেখানে তার আত্মা জাগতিক কষ্ট ভোগ করেছে। আসল সত্তা হলো চিরন্তন আত্মা—একটি লুকানো গুপ্তধন, একটি মূল্যবান মুক্তা এবং একটি মুক্ত পাখি। ভৌত দেহকে পেছনে ফেলে, আত্মা মরণশীল জগতের বন্দিদশা থেকে রক্ষা পায়। কবি তাকে প্রকৃত স্বাধীনতা এবং স্বর্গে চিরস্থায়ী বাসস্থান প্রদানের জন্য আনন্দের সাথে ঈশ্বরের প্রশংসা করেন। পরিশেষে, কবিতাটি জীবন ও মৃত্যুর ঐতিহ্যগত ধারণাকে সুন্দরভাবে উল্টে দেয়: পার্থিব অস্তিত্বকে "মৃত্যু" এবং সীমাবদ্ধতার অবস্থা হিসেবে চিত্রিত করা হয়েছে, যেখানে শারীরিক মৃত্যুকে সত্যিকারের, চিরন্তন জীবনের প্রতি আত্মার মহিমান্বিত জাগরণ হিসেবে উদযাপন করা হয়েছে।] Theme The central theme of the poem is the immortality and liberation of the human soul. It contrasts the temporary, confining nature of the physical body with the eternal, precious nature of the spirit. The poem presents death not as an end to be mourned, but as a joyful spiritual awakening—a release from worldly suffering and a glorious transition into true, eternal life with God. [কবিতাটির মূলভাব হলো মানব আত্মার অমরত্ব এবং মুক্তি। এটি ভৌত দেহের অস্থায়ী, সীমাবদ্ধ প্রকৃতির সাথে আত্মার চিরন্তন, মূল্যবান প্রকৃতির বৈপরীত্য তুলে ধরে। কবিতাটি মৃত্যুকে শোক করার মতো কোনো শেষ পরিণতি হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করে না, বরং এটিকে একটি আনন্দময় আধ্যাত্মিক জাগরণ হিসেবে দেখে—যা জাগতিক কষ্ট থেকে মুক্তি এবং ঈশ্বরের সাথে সত্যিকারের, চিরন্তন জীবনে একটি মহিমান্বিত উত্তরণ।] Theme in easy English The main theme of the poem is that the human soul lives forever. It teaches that our physical body is not who we truly are. The body is just a temporary cage or a piece of clothing. Our real identity is the beautiful spirit inside. Because of this, death is not a sad ending to fear. Instead, death is a wonderful release. It frees the soul from earthly pain, allowing it to fly up to heaven and experience true life. কবিতার মূল ভাবটি হলো মানব আত্মা অবিনশ্বর বা চিরস্থায়ী। এটি শেখায় যে, আমাদের এই বাহ্যিক শরীরটাই আমাদের প্রকৃত পরিচয় নয়। শরীর হলো কেবল একটি অস্থায়ী খাঁচা বা পোশাক মাত্র। আমাদের আসল সত্তা হলো ভেতরে থাকা সুন্দর আত্মা। এ কারণে, মৃত্যু কোনো ভয়ের বা দুঃখজনক পরিণতি নয়। বরং মৃত্যু হলো এক চমৎকার মুক্তি। এটি আত্মাকে জাগতিক কষ্ট থেকে স্বাধীন করে স্বর্গে উড়ে যেতে এবং প্রকৃত জীবনের স্বাদ নিতে সাহায্য করে। Short Answer Questions 1. What is the main message of the poem regarding the soul and the body? The main message is that a human being is not just a physical body, but a soul that lives inside that body. The poet argues that the body is like a temporary house or a garment (clothing) that we wear for a while. When we die, the soul simply "moves out" of the body. Therefore, death is not the end of a person, but a change of address for the soul. 2. How does al-Ghazali use the "bird and cage" metaphor to explain death? He compares the soul to a bird and the physical body (and the world) to a cage. While we are alive, our soul is restricted by our physical needs and the rules of the world. At the moment of death, the cage door is opened. The soul is finally free to fly back to its original home in the spiritual world. This makes death a moment of freedom, not something to fear. 3. Why does the poet tell his grieving friends and family not to cry? He tells them not to cry because he is actually in a better state now than he was when he was alive. He wants them to understand that the cold body they see is just a "shell" he has left behind. He is now happy, at peace, and in the presence of God. He believes that if they truly loved him, they should be happy that he has reached his final, peaceful destination. 4. According to the poem, what is the difference between "seeming" dead and "being" alive? The poet says that what people call "death" is actually the beginning of real life. To the world, he "seems" dead because his body doesn't move. But to himself, he is more alive than ever because his soul is no longer trapped in a heavy, physical body. He suggests that our life on earth is like a dream, and death is the moment we finally wake up. 5. How does the poem describe the meeting between the soul and God (The Beloved)? The poem views death as a "bridge" that allows a lover to finally meet his Beloved. Al-Ghazali sees God as the source of all love and peace. He describes the moment of meeting God with great joy and excitement. To him, death is like an invited guest or a long-awaited reunion with a dear friend. 6. What is the poet’s perspective on worldly wealth and power at the end of life? He suggests that wealth, status, and power are completely useless at the moment of death. They stay behind with the "garment" (the body) and go into the ground. The only thing the soul takes with it is its spiritual condition and its relationship with God. The poem encourages people to focus on their character and faith rather than collecting material things. 7. What does the speaker mean when he says, "I am a soul, and this is my corpse"? This is a statement of identity. He is telling his survivors to look at him correctly. He wants them to distinguish between the "I" (the eternal soul) and the "this" (the temporary physical body). By saying this, he reminds us that our true self is spiritual and does not rot or disappear when the heart stops beating. 8. How does the poem encourage a person to change their view of the world? The poem encourages us to see the world as a temporary stopping place, like a hotel or a path. It tells us not to get too attached to physical beauty or comfort because they are all going to fade. Instead, we should live our lives with our eyes on the "next world," preparing ourselves for the day we finally fly free. 9. Why is the setting of a "deathbed" important for the poem’s impact? The setting is important because it is the most honest moment of a person's life. When someone is on their deathbed, they no longer care about lying or impressing others. By writing these words as his final message, al-Ghazali gives the poem a sense of truth and urgency. It feels like a final, sincere piece of advice from someone who has already seen the "other side." 10. What lesson about "fear" can we learn from al-Ghazali's final words? The lesson is that fear of death comes from a misunderstanding of what life is. If we think we are our bodies, we will be terrified of death. But if we understand that we are souls, death becomes a natural and even beautiful part of our journey. The poem teaches us that faith and knowledge can turn our greatest fear (death) into our greatest hope (reunion with God). Multiple-choice questions based on the poem: 1. Who is the author of the poem "Deathbed"? A) Jalaluddin Rumi B) Imam al-Ghazali C) Maya Angelou D) Robert Hayden 2. What is the speaker’s body compared to in the poem? A) A golden treasure B) An empty house or garment C) A tall mountain D) A beautiful flower 3. Why does the speaker tell his friends not to weep? A) Because he is angry at them. B) Because he has gone to a place of peace and light. C) Because he will come back to life soon. D) Because crying is a waste of time. 4. In the bird metaphor, what does the "cage" represent? A) Heaven B) The physical body and the world C) A real garden D) A library of books 5. Where was this poem reportedly found after the poet died? A) In a locked safe B) Under his pillow C) In a local mosque D) In a university library 6. According to the poem, what is the "real" part of a human? A) The brain B) The money they earned C) The soul D) The physical face 7. How does the speaker feel about the moment of death? A) He is terrified and scared. B) He is confused and lost. C) He is joyful and ready to meet God. D) He is bored and tired. 8. What stays behind when the soul leaves for the afterlife? A) The person's kindness B) The cold corpse and earthly wealth C) The person's memories D) The person's soul 9. Death is described as a "bridge" that leads to: A) A new planet B) The Beloved (God) C) A deep sleep D) A dark cave 10. What is the central message of al-Ghazali’s "Deathbed"? A) That life is long and easy. B) That death is a transition of the soul to an eternal, better home. C) That we should try to live forever on earth. D) That physical beauty is the most important thing. Detailed Summary of "Deathbed" The poem "Deathbed" (often titled "If my dead body...") is traditionally attributed to Imam al-Ghazali, a famous Islamic scholar and philosopher. It was reportedly found under his pillow after he passed away. The poem is a beautiful reflection on the nature of life, death, and the soul's journey back to God. 1. The Body is a Temporary House The poem begins with the speaker looking at his own dead body. He tells his friends and family not to be fooled by what they see. He explains that his body was just a "house" or a "garment" that he wore for a short time. Now that he has moved out, the house is empty. He wants everyone to understand that the cold body lying there is not the real "him." 2. Death as a Journey, Not an End Al-Ghazali describes death as a transition or a move from one place to another. He compares himself to a bird that was once kept in a cage but has finally been set free. Death is not the destruction of the person; it is the soul returning to its original home. He views the afterlife as a place of peace and light, far away from the struggles of the physical world. 3. Comforting the Mourners A large part of the poem is dedicated to comforting those who are left behind. He tells his loved ones not to weep or feel sad. He says, "I am a soul, and this is my corpse; it was my shell and my garment for a time." He explains that he is now happy and at peace in the presence of God, so their tears are unnecessary. 4. The Vanity of the World The poem highlights how unimportant physical things become at the moment of death. Wealth, status, and even the physical beauty of the body no longer matter. All that remains is the soul and the spiritual state it reached during life. It serves as a reminder to the living to focus on their character and their relationship with the Divine rather than material gains. 5. Meeting the Beloved (God) The central theme is the return to the Creator. Al-Ghazali speaks with joy about meeting God. He describes death as a "bridge" that connects a lover to his Beloved. For a believer, death is not something to be feared, but a welcome reunion with the Source of all life and love. বিস্তারিত সারসংক্ষেপ (Bangla Summary) ইমাম আল-গাজ্জালির "Deathbed" (শেষ শয্যা) কবিতাটি মানুষের নশ্বরতা এবং আত্মার অবিনশ্বরতা নিয়ে এক অসাধারণ প্রতিফলন। কথিত আছে, তাঁর মৃত্যুর পর বালিশের নিচে এই কবিতাটি পাওয়া গিয়েছিল। ১. দেহ একটি অস্থায়ী ঘর: কবিতাটির শুরুতে কবি তাঁর মৃতদেহের দিকে তাকিয়ে থাকা প্রিয়জনদের উদ্দেশ্য করে বলছেন যে, তারা যেন এই মৃতদেহ দেখে বিভ্রান্ত না হয়। তিনি বুঝিয়েছেন যে, তাঁর দেহটি ছিল একটি অস্থায়ী ‘ঘর’ বা ‘পোশাক’ যা তিনি কিছু সময়ের জন্য পরেছিলেন। এখন তিনি সেই ঘর ছেড়ে চলে গেছেন, তাই পড়ে থাকা দেহটি আসলে তিনি নিজে নন। ২. মৃত্যু এক যাত্রা, শেষ নয়: আল-গাজ্জালি মৃত্যুকে এক জগত থেকে অন্য জগতে যাওয়ার একটি মাধ্যম হিসেবে বর্ণনা করেছেন। তিনি নিজেকে একটি পাখির সাথে তুলনা করেছেন যা খাঁচায় বন্দি ছিল এবং এখন মুক্তি পেয়েছে। মৃত্যু মানে মানুষের বিনাশ নয়, বরং আত্মার নিজের আসল ঠিকানায় ফিরে যাওয়া। ৩. শোকাতুরদের সান্ত্বনা: কবি তাঁর প্রিয়জনদের কান্নাকাটি করতে নিষেধ করেছেন। তিনি বলেছেন, "আমি একটি আত্মা, আর এটি আমার মৃতদেহ; এটি কিছু সময়ের জন্য আমার খোলস ছিল।" তিনি এখন স্রষ্টার সান্নিধ্যে শান্তিতে আছেন, তাই তাদের দুঃখ পাওয়ার কোনো কারণ নেই। ৪. পৃথিবীর অসারতা: কবিতাটি আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে মৃত্যুর মুহূর্তে পার্থিব ধন-সম্পদ বা পদমর্যাদা কতটা তুচ্ছ। যা অবশিষ্ট থাকে তা হলো মানুষের আমল বা চরিত্র এবং স্রষ্টার সাথে তার আধ্যাত্মিক সম্পর্ক। ৫. স্রষ্টার সাথে মিলন: এই কবিতার মূল বিষয়বস্তু হলো স্রষ্টার কাছে ফিরে যাওয়া। গাজ্জালি মৃত্যুকে একটি ‘সেতু’ হিসেবে দেখেছেন যা একজন প্রেমিককে তাঁর পরম প্রিয়তমের (আল্লাহ) সাথে মিলিয়ে দেয়। একজন বিশ্বাসীর কাছে মৃত্যু ভয়ের কোনো বিষয় নয়, বরং এটি হলো পরম আনন্দের এক মিলন। Imam al-Ghazali — “Deathbed” বাংলা অনুবাদ মৃত অবস্থায় যখন আমার ভাইয়েরা আমাকে দেখবে, আর দুঃখে কাঁদতে কাঁদতে আমার জন্য বিলাপ করবে, তখন তাদের বলো—তোমরা কি মনে করছ, যে মৃতদেহটি তোমরা দাফন করতে যাচ্ছি, সেটিই আমি? আল্লাহর শপথ, এই মৃতদেহটি আমি নই। আমি তো আত্মার জগতে অবস্থান করছি; আর এই দেহটি কিছু সময়ের জন্য ছিল আমার বাসস্থান, ছিল আমার পরিধেয় বস্ত্রের মতো। আমি এক মূল্যবান গুপ্তধন— এই ধূলিময় দেহরূপী তাবিজের নিচে আমি লুকিয়ে ছিলাম, যার মধ্যে আমাকে নানা দুঃখ-কষ্ট সহ্য করতে হয়েছে। আমি একটি মুক্তা; একটি ঝিনুক আমাকে বন্দী করে রেখেছিল। কিন্তু এখন আমি সেই ঝিনুক থেকে বেরিয়ে এসেছি এবং জীবনের সব পরীক্ষা ও দুঃখ-কষ্ট পেছনে ফেলে এসেছি। আমি একটি পাখি, আর এই দেহটি একসময় ছিল আমার খাঁচা। কিন্তু এখন আমি সেই খাঁচা ছেড়ে উড়ে গেছি, শুধু স্মৃতিচিহ্ন হিসেবে সেটিকে পেছনে রেখে। আমি আল্লাহর প্রশংসা করি, যিনি আমাকে মুক্ত করে দিয়েছেন এবং আমার জন্য স্বর্গীয় উচ্চতায় একটি আবাসস্থল নির্ধারণ করেছেন। এতদিন তোমাদের মাঝে আমি মৃত মানুষের মতোই ছিলাম; কিন্তু এখন আমি জীবিত হয়ে উঠেছি এবং আমার কাফন খুলে ফেলেছি। শব্দার্থ Corpse — মৃতদেহ: কোনো মানুষের মৃত্যুর পর অবশিষ্ট দেহ। এখানে এটি পার্থিব জীবনের সমাপ্তিকে বোঝায়। Talisman — তাবিজ: এমন একটি বস্তু, যার মধ্যে বিশেষ বা অলৌকিক শক্তি রয়েছে বলে বিশ্বাস করা হয়। কবিতায় এটি দেহের প্রতীক হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। Doffed — খুলে ফেলা/ত্যাগ করা: কোনো পোশাক বা আবরণ খুলে ফেলা। কবিতায় এটি পার্থিব দেহ ও জাগতিক বন্ধন থেকে মুক্ত হয়ে যাওয়াকে বোঝায়। Study Questions & Answers 1. How does the speaker view the relationship between the body and the soul? Answer:The speaker sees the body and the soul as two separate entities. He considers the body temporary and mortal, while the soul is eternal and continues to exist after the death of the body. He compares the body to a garment, a shell, and a cage that temporarily contains the soul. Therefore, according to the speaker, death is not the end of the soul; rather, it is the soul's liberation from the physical body. বাংলা অনুবাদ:বক্তা দেহ ও আত্মাকে দুটি পৃথক সত্তা হিসেবে দেখেছেন। তাঁর মতে, দেহ ক্ষণস্থায়ী ও নশ্বর, কিন্তু আত্মা চিরস্থায়ী এবং দেহের মৃত্যুর পরও তার অস্তিত্ব বজায় থাকে। তিনি দেহকে একটি পোশাক, একটি ঝিনুক এবং একটি খাঁচার সঙ্গে তুলনা করেছেন, যা সাময়িকভাবে আত্মাকে ধারণ করে রাখে। তাই বক্তার মতে, মৃত্যু আত্মার সমাপ্তি নয়; বরং এটি আত্মার শারীরিক দেহ থেকে মুক্তিলাভ। 2. What metaphors does the poet use to describe the soul's transition from life to death? Answer:The poet uses several powerful metaphors to describe the soul's transition from earthly life to the afterlife. He compares the body to a garment, a talisman, a shell, and a cage. He compares the soul to a treasure, a pearl, and a bird. The bird flying out of its cage represents the soul leaving the physical body. Similarly, the pearl leaving the shell represents the soul's freedom from worldly suffering. These metaphors show that death is viewed as a transition and liberation rather than an end. বাংলা অনুবাদ:কবি পার্থিব জীবন থেকে পরকালের দিকে আত্মার যাত্রাকে বোঝাতে বেশ কয়েকটি শক্তিশালী রূপক ব্যবহার করেছেন। তিনি দেহকে পোশাক, তাবিজ, ঝিনুক এবং খাঁচার সঙ্গে তুলনা করেছেন। অন্যদিকে, আত্মাকে তিনি গুপ্তধন, মুক্তা এবং পাখির সঙ্গে তুলনা করেছেন। খাঁচা থেকে পাখির উড়ে যাওয়ার মাধ্যমে আত্মার শারীরিক দেহ ত্যাগ করাকে বোঝানো হয়েছে। একইভাবে, ঝিনুক থেকে মুক্তার বেরিয়ে আসা আত্মার পার্থিব দুঃখ-কষ্ট থেকে মুক্তিকে নির্দেশ করে। এসব রূপকের মাধ্যমে বোঝানো হয়েছে যে মৃত্যু কোনো সমাপ্তি নয়; বরং এটি এক অবস্থা থেকে অন্য অবস্থায় উত্তরণ এবং মুক্তি। 3. How does the poem reflect the Islamic understanding of the afterlife? Answer:The poem reflects the Islamic belief that human existence does not end with physical death. The body returns to the earth, but the soul continues its journey. The speaker describes death as a release from the physical body and expresses gratitude to God for granting him freedom and a dwelling in the heavenly heights. Thus, the poem presents death as a transition to an eternal spiritual existence and expresses faith in God's power and the reality of the afterlife. বাংলা অনুবাদ:কবিতাটি ইসলামী বিশ্বাসকে প্রতিফলিত করে যে মানুষের অস্তিত্ব শারীরিক মৃত্যুর সঙ্গে শেষ হয়ে যায় না। দেহ মাটিতে ফিরে যায়, কিন্তু আত্মা তার যাত্রা অব্যাহত রাখে। বক্তা মৃত্যুকে শারীরিক দেহ থেকে মুক্তি হিসেবে বর্ণনা করেছেন এবং তাঁকে মুক্ত করে স্বর্গীয় উচ্চতায় একটি আবাস দেওয়ার জন্য আল্লাহর প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞতা প্রকাশ করেছেন। এভাবে কবিতাটি মৃত্যুকে চিরস্থায়ী আধ্যাত্মিক জীবনের দিকে একটি উত্তরণ হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করেছে এবং আল্লাহর ক্ষমতা ও পরকালের বাস্তবতার প্রতি বিশ্বাস প্রকাশ করেছে।