Adverb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination
- Fakhruddin Babar
- 7 days ago
- 20 min read
TOPIC: ADVERB
Classification of Adverb
Primary Discussion Adverb (ভাব বিশেষণ) হলো এমন একটি word, যা noun বা pronoun ব্যতীত অন্য কোনো Parts of Speech-কে (বিশেষ করে verb, adjective বা অন্য adverb-কে) modify বা বিশেষিত করে। সহজ কথায়, verb-কে 'কোথায়', 'কখন', 'কীভাবে' ইত্যাদি দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তরে যে word পাওয়া যায় তা-ই adverb।
Tinni always reads a story book.
She is really brilliant. (প্রথম বাক্যে always শব্দটি read (verb)-কে এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে really শব্দটি brilliant (adj.)-কে বিশেষিত করছে, তাই এরা adverb।)
Types of Adverbs
কাজের ধরন অনুযায়ী Adverb প্রধানত চার প্রকার:
Simple Adverb
Relative Adverb
Conjunctive Adverb
Interrogative Adverb
1. Simple Adverb
যেসব adverb বাক্যে verb, adjective এবং অন্য কোনো adverb-কে বিশেষিত করে, তাদের simple adverb বলে। এটি সাত প্রকার:
(i) Adverb of Time (সময়বাচক): ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের সময় নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, soon, early, late, recently, etc.
Ex: He has recently come.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'when' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(ii) Adverb of Place (স্থানবাচক): ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের স্থান নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Here, there, everywhere, nowhere, up, down, in, out, etc.
Ex: I looked for it everywhere.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'where' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(iii) Adverb of Manner (আচরণবাচক): ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের ধরন নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Slowly, quickly, carefully, badly, well, fast, hard, etc.
Ex: She accomplished this bravely.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'how' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(iv) Adverb of Frequency (বারংবারতা): ক্রিয়া কতবার বা কতক্ষণ পর পর ঘটে তা নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Once, twice, always, never, often, sometimes, usually, etc.
Ex: He often makes mistakes.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'how often' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(v) Adverb of Degree (পরিমাণবাচক): ক্রিয়ার মাত্রা বা পরিমাণ নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Very, much, too, quite, almost, enough, fully, etc.
Ex: The mangoes are almost ripe.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'how much' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(vi) Adverb of Reason (কারণবাচক): ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের কারণ নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Therefore, hence, thus, so, consequently, etc.
Ex: She did not study; therefore she failed.
চেনার উপায়: Verb-কে 'why' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়।
(vii) Adverb of Order (ক্রমবাচক): কাজের ধারাবাহিক ক্রম নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: First, second, third, finally, lastly, etc.
Ex: Secondly, we should collect the money.
2. Relative Adverb
যে adverb কোনো relative clause শুরু করে এবং antecedent-এর পরে বসে স্থান, কাল বা কারণ নির্দেশ করে।
Examples: Where, when, why.
Ex: I know the time when he will come.
3. Conjunctive Adverb
যে adverb দুটি clause বা sentence-কে সংযুক্ত করে।
Examples: However, moreover, therefore, consequently, besides, etc.
Ex: I wanted to go; however, I was too busy.
4. Interrogative Adverb
যে adverb প্রশ্ন করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Examples: When, where, how, why.
Ex: Where are you going?
Exercise: Classification of Adverb
Choose the correct classification for the underlined/bold words:
01. I have been living in Dhaka ______ 2000. [DU-A: 24-25]
(A) since
(B) from
(C) in
(D) for
Ans: (A) (Since indicates a point of time in perfect continuous tenses.)
02. It is ______ hot today. [DU-7 College (Science): 21-22]
(A) very
(B) too
(C) much
(D) many
Ans: (A) (Very modifies adjectives like 'hot'.)
03. 'Please, come again'. Here 'Please' is- [JnU-A: 12-13]
(A) Verb
(B) Adverb
(C) Conjunction
(D) Pronoun
Ans: (B) (Please modifies the whole sentence, acting as a sentence adverb.)
04. The word 'homely' is- [JnU-B: 14-15]
(A) noun
(B) verb
(C) adjective
(D) adverb
Ans: (C) (Noun + ly = Adjective; Home + ly = Homely.)
05. 'Near' is- [JU-A: 24-25]
(A) Adverb
(B) Adjective
(C) Preposition
(D) All of the above
Ans: (D) (Can be used as all three depending on context.)
06. He works hard. 'Hard' is- [JU-C: 22-23]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) (Hard modifies the verb works.)
07. 'He is quite well now'. Here 'well' is- [CU-A: 22-23]
(A) Noun
(B) Adjective
(C) Adverb
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) (Here well refers to health condition, so it is an adjective.)
08. The word 'hardly' is- [CU-D: 19-20]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Verb
(D) Noun
Ans: (B) (Hardly is an adverb of frequency meaning 'almost not'.)
Formation of Adverb
Adjective এর শেষে সাধারণত 'ly' যোগ করে adverb গঠন করতে হয়।
Adjective + ly | Adverb | Adjective + ly | Adverb |
Slow + ly | Slowly | Firm + ly | Firmly |
Quick + ly | Quickly | Sad + ly | Sadly |
Abrupt + ly | Abruptly | Harsh + ly | Harshly |
Ex: What part of speech is the word 'manly'? [See note below] (Note: Noun + ly = Adjective, e.g., Fatherly, Motherly, Friendly, Manly. Adjective + ly = Adverb, e.g., Beautifully, Quickly.)
Adjective এর শেষে 'ic' থাকলে সাধারণত এর সাথে 'ally' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়।
Adjective (ic) + ally | Adverb | Adjective (ic) + ally | Adverb |
Tragic + ally | Tragically | Basic + ally | Basically |
Dramatic + ally | Dramatically | Economic + ally | Economically |
Energetic + ally | Energetically | Artistic + ally | Artistically |
Strategic + ally | Strategically | Academic + ally | Academically |
Note: Public শব্দের শেষে ic থাকলেও এর শেষে ally এর পরিবর্তে ly (publicly) যোগ করতে হয়।
Adjective এর শেষে 'al' থাকলে সাধারণত এর সাথে 'ly' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়।
Adjective (al) + ly | Adverb | Adjective (al) + ly | Adverb |
Chemical + ly | Chemically | Physical + ly | Physically |
Biological + ly | Biologically | Logical + ly | Logically |
Mechanical + ly | Mechanically | Grammatical + ly | Grammatically |
Musical + ly | Musically | Critical + ly | Critically |
Adjective এর শেষে 'y' এবং এর পূর্বে consonant থাকলে 'y' এর স্থলে 'i' বসিয়ে 'ly' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়।
Adjective (y) + ily | Adverb | Adjective (y) + ily | Adverb |
Easy + ily | Easily | Hungry + ily | Hungrily |
Lucky + ily | Luckily | Heavy + ily | Heavily |
Happy + ily | Happily | Cosy + ily | Cosily |
Angry + ily | Angrily | Busy + ily | Busily |
Adverb + Preposition:
Adverb + Preposition | Example | Adverb + Preposition | Example |
Hereafter | Herein | Thereupon | Henceforth |
Hereby | Wherefore | Therein | Thereby |
নিম্নলিখিত -ly যুক্ত adjective এর সরাসরি কোনো adverb form পাওয়া যায় না।
List: Friendly, motherly, fatherly, brotherly, sisterly, manly, womanly, heavenly, earthly, likely, lovely, lively, lonely, silly, ugly, elderly, deadly, costly, cowardly, miserly, niggardly, sickly, beastly, ghastly, disorderly, leisurely, melancholy.
Note: এই ধরনের adjective গুলোকে adverb হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে হলে এদের পূর্বে in a ... way/manner ইত্যাদি phrase যোগ করতে হয়।Ex: He behaved with me in a friendly way/manner.
Ex: Although he was ______, he smiled ______. [KU, A: 18-19]
(A) annoying, friendly
(B) angry, friendly
(C) annoyed, a friendly way
(D) angry, in a friendly way
Ans: (D)
Position/Use of Adverb in a Sentence
Object বিহীন বাক্যে adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time সাধারণত verb এর পরে বসে।
Structure: Subject + verb + adverb of manner/place/time.
Ex: It is raining heavily.
Ex: He will come here.
Object যুক্ত বাক্যে adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time সাধারণত object এর পরে বসে।
Structure: Subject + verb + object + adverb of manner/place/time.
Ex: He finishes his work carefully.
Ex: Hang the picture there.
Ex: I met him yesterday.
Note: যে সকল adverb of manner এর শেষে ly থাকে তা subject এবং verb এর মাঝেও বসতে পারে।Ex: We politely asked permission.
বাক্যের অর্থের ওপর জোর প্রদান করতে adverb of manner, এবং adverb of time বাক্যের শুরুতেও বসতে পারে।
Structure: Adverb of manner/time + subject + verb.
Ex: Carefully, she opened the box.
Or, Adverb of manner/time + subject + verb + object.
Ex: Yesterday, Joya went.
Adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time একই সাথে একটি বাক্যে থাকলে সাধারণত তাদের ক্রম নিম্নরূপ হয় (MPT Rule):
Structure: Subject + verb + object (যদি থাকে) + Manner + Place + Time.
Ex: Hasan played football well (Manner) in the field (Place) yesterday (Time).
Note: Subject এর পর verb of movement (go, come, arrive, etc.) থাকলে ক্রম হবে PMT (Place + Manner + Time).Ex: She went there (Place) by bus (Manner) yesterday (Time).
কিছু Adverb of frequency (Always, never, frequently, often, occasionally, rarely, sometimes, usually, weekly, etc.) বাক্যে subject এবং be verb/main verb অথবা auxiliary verb এবং main verb এর মাঝে বসে।
Structure: Subject + be verb + adverb of frequency + adjective.
Ex: I am never late for school.
Ex: He is often busy with his younger sister.
Comparison of Adverb
Adverb-এর তুলনা (Degrees of Comparison) সাধারণত Adjective-এর মতোই হয়।
Single Syllable Adverbs: শেষে -er এবং -est যোগ করে।
Fast - Faster - Fastest
Hard - Harder - Hardest
Soon - Sooner - Soonest
Adverbs ending in -ly: পূর্বে more এবং most যোগ করে।
Quickly - More quickly - Most quickly
Beautifully - More beautifully - Most beautifully
(ব্যতিক্রম: Early - Earlier - Earliest)
Irregular Adverbs: নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম নেই।
Well - Better - Best
Badly - Worse - Worst
Much - More - Most
Little - Less - Least
Far - Farther/Further - Farthest/Furthest
Exercise: Comparison of Adverb
01. He worked ______ than she did. [DU-B: 20-21]
(A) hard
(B) harder
(C) hardest
(D) hardly
Ans: (B) (Comparison is indicated by than, so comparative degree harder is used.)
02. The train runs ______. [DU-C: 05-06]
(A) fastly
(B) fast
(C) quick
(D) slow
Ans: (B) (Fast acts as both adjective and adverb. There is no word 'fastly'.)
03. He works ______ than I do. (Self Test)
(A) hard
(B) harder
(C) hardest
(D) hardly
Ans: (B)
04. The boy writes ______. (Self Test)
(A) good
(B) well
(C) better
(D) best
Ans: (B) (Well is the adverb form of good.)
05. She sings ______. (Self Test)
(A) sweet
(B) sweetly
(C) sweeter
(D) sweetest
Ans: (B) (Modifying verb sings needs adverb sweetly.)
Uses of Some Important Adverbs & Inversion
Use of Specific Adverbs
Very vs. Much:
Very: Positive degree-এর adjective/adverb-এর আগে বসে (e.g., very good, very quickly)। Present participle-এর আগেও বসে (e.g., very interesting)।
Much: Comparative degree-এর আগে বসে (e.g., much better)। Past participle-এর আগেও বসে (e.g., much interested)।
Too vs. Enough:
Too: Adjective/Adverb-এর আগে বসে (e.g., too weak)। নেতিবাচক অর্থ দেয়।
Enough: Adjective/Adverb-এর পরে বসে (e.g., good enough, fast enough)। কিন্তু Noun-এর আগে বসে (e.g., enough money)।
Hard vs. Hardly:
Hard: কঠোরভাবে বা শক্তভাবে (Adverb of Manner)। Ex: He works hard.
Hardly: কদাচিৎ বা নেই বললেই চলে (Negative meaning)। Ex: He hardly works.
Late vs. Lately:
Late: দেরিতে। Ex: He came late.
Lately: সম্প্রতি (Recently)। Ex: I haven't seen him lately.
Formation Rule:
Adjective + ly = Adverb (e.g., Beautiful + ly = Beautifully)
Noun + ly = Adjective (e.g., Friend + ly = Friendly, Mother + ly = Motherly)
Friendly, Motherly, Lovely ইত্যাদি শব্দ Adjective। এদের Adverb করতে হলে phrase ব্যবহার করতে হয়: in a friendly way/manner.
Inversion of Adverb
কিছু negative adverb বাক্যের শুরুতে বসলে Subject ও Verb-এর স্থান পরিবর্তন হয় (Inversion)।
Adverbs: Never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, no sooner, neither, nor, only then, not only, etc.
Structure: Negative Adverb + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb.
Normal: I have never seen such a sight.
Inverted: Never have I seen such a sight.
Ex: Hardly bad he reached the station when the train left.
Exercise: Important Adverbs & Usage
01. He is ______ intelligent. (Self Test)
(A) much
(B) very
(C) too
(D) enough
Ans: (B) (Very modifies positive degree adjectives like intelligent.)
02. He is ______ weak to walk. (Self Test)
(A) very
(B) too
(C) so
(D) much
Ans: (B) (Structure: Too ... to indicates negative capability.)
03. She is ______ better today. (Self Test)
(A) very
(B) much
(C) too
(D) so
Ans: (B) (Much is used to emphasize comparative degrees like better.)
04. He always comes ______. (Self Test)
(A) lately
(B) late
(C) later
(D) latest
Ans: (B) (Late means not on time; lately means recently.)
05. Although he was ______, he smiled ______. [KU, A: 18-19]
(A) annoying, friendly
(B) angry, friendly
(C) annoyed, a friendly way
(D) angry, in a friendly way
Ans: (D) (Friendly is an adjective; the adverbial phrase is in a friendly way.)
06. He drives ______. [DU-D: 15-16]
(A) care
(B) careful
(C) carefully
(D) caring
Ans: (C) (Adverb modifies the verb drives.)
07. Which one is an adverb? [GST-B: 21-22]
(A) ugly
(B) lonely
(C) early
(D) friendly
Ans: (C) (Early functions as both adjective and adverb. Others are adjectives formed from Noun + ly.)
08. He is very good. Here 'very' is- [GST-A: 20-21]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) (Very modifies the adjective good.)
09. The patient is much better today. [BDS: 22-23]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) (Much modifies the comparative adjective better.)
10. Please come ______. (Self Test)
(A) here
(B) there
(C) where
(D) nowhere
Ans: (A) (Here is an adverb of place.)
Previous Questions
DU Questions & Answers
01. I have been living in Dhaka ______ 2000. [DU-A: 24-25]
(A) since
(B) from
(C) in
(D) for
Ans: (A) Explanation: নির্দিষ্ট সময় (Point of time) বোঝাতে Perfect Continuous Tense-এ 'since' বসে।
02. It is ______ hot today. [DU-7 College (Science): 21-22]
(A) very
(B) too
(C) much
(D) many
Ans: (A) Explanation: Adjective (hot) এর পূর্বে 'very' বসে। 'Too' সাধারণত negative sense এ বা 'to' এর সাথে বসে।
03. He worked ______ than she did. [DU-B: 20-21]
(A) hard
(B) harder
(C) hardest
(D) hardly
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Than' থাকায় comparative degree হবে। Hard-এর comparative 'harder'.
04. The train runs ______. [DU-C: 05-06]
(A) fastly
(B) fast
(C) quick
(D) slow
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Fast' শব্দটি adjective এবং adverb উভয়ই হতে পারে। 'Fastly' কোনো শব্দ নেই।
05. He drives ______. [DU-D: 15-16]
(A) care
(B) careful
(C) carefully
(D) caring
Ans: (C) Explanation: Verb (drives) কে modify করতে adverb (carefully) বসে।
JnU Questions & Answers
01. 'Please, come again'. Here 'Please' is- [JnU-A: 12-13]
(A) Verb
(B) Adverb
(C) Conjunction
(D) Pronoun
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Please' এখানে পুরো বাক্যকে modify করছে, তাই এটি Sentence Adverb.
02. The word 'homely' is- [JnU-B: 14-15]
(A) noun
(B) verb
(C) adjective
(D) adverb
Ans: (C) Explanation: Noun (Home) + ly = Adjective (Homely - ঘরোয়া)।
JU Questions & Answers
01. 'Near' is- [JU-A: 24-25]
(A) Adverb
(B) Adjective
(C) Preposition
(D) All of the above
Ans: (D) Explanation: 'Near' শব্দটি অবস্থানভেদে Adverb (Come near), Preposition (Near the school), এবং Adjective (Near relation) হতে পারে।
02. He works hard. 'Hard' is- [JU-C: 22-23]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) Explanation: Verb (works) কে modify করছে, তাই Adverb.
RU Questions & Answers
01. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an - [RU-A: 23-24]
(A) adjective
(B) adverb
(C) preposition
(D) conjunction
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Down' শব্দটি verb 'went' কে modify করছে।
02. 'Slowly' is an- [RU-B: 22-23]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) Explanation: Adjective (Slow) + ly = Adverb (Slowly).
CU Questions & Answers
01. 'He is quite well now'. Here 'well' is- [CU-A: 22-23]
(A) Noun
(B) Adjective
(C) Adverb
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Well' এখানে শারীরিক অবস্থা (সুস্থ) বোঝাচ্ছে, তাই Adjective. (Adverb হিসেবে well অর্থ 'ভালোভাবে')।
02. The word 'hardly' is- [CU-D: 19-20]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Verb
(D) Noun
Ans: (B) Explanation: Hardly (কদাচিৎ) একটি negative adverb.
KU Questions & Answers
01. 'He ran fast'. Here 'fast' is- [KU-B: 16-17]
(A) Noun
(B) Adjective
(C) Adverb
(D) Verb
Ans: (C) Explanation: Verb (ran) কে modify করছে।
GST Questions & Answers
01. Which one is an adverb? [GST-B: 21-22]
(A) ugly
(B) lonely
(C) early
(D) friendly
Ans: (C) Explanation: 'Early' শব্দটি Adverb এবং Adjective উভয়ই হতে পারে। বাকিগুলো (ugly, lonely, friendly) সব Noun + ly = Adjective.
02. He is very good. Here 'very' is- [GST-A: 20-21]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Very' শব্দটি adjective 'good' কে modify করছে, তাই এটি Adverb.
MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions
01. Which of the following is an adverb? [MBBS: 23-24]
(A) Lovely
(B) Friendly
(C) Quickly
(D) Lonely
Ans: (C) Explanation: Quick (adj) + ly = Quickly (adv). বাকিগুলো Noun + ly = Adjective.
02. The patient is much better today. [BDS: 22-23]
(A) Adjective
(B) Adverb
(C) Noun
(D) Verb
Ans: (B) Explanation: 'Much' এখানে comparative adjective 'better' কে জোর দিচ্ছে (Intensifier), তাই এটি Adverb.
TEST-1
01. He works ______ than I do.
(A) hard
(B) harder
(C) hardest
(D) hardly
Ans: (B)
02. The boy writes ______.
(A) good
(B) well
(C) better
(D) best
Ans: (B) (Adverb of manner: well)
03. Which one is an adverb?
(A) Motherly
(B) Fatherly
(C) Homely
(D) Wisely
Ans: (D) (Wise + ly = Wisely)
04. He always comes ______.
(A) lately
(B) late
(C) later
(D) latest
Ans: (B) ('Late' এখানে দেরিতে বোঝাচ্ছে। 'Lately' অর্থ সম্প্রতি)।
05. I have ______ seen him.
(A) never
(B) ever
(C) always
(D) often
Ans: (A) (Contextual)
06. It is raining ______.
(A) heavy
(B) heavily
(C) heavier
(D) heaviest
Ans: (B)
07. She sings ______.
(A) sweet
(B) sweetly
(C) sweeter
(D) sweetest
Ans: (B)
08. He is ______ intelligent.
(A) much
(B) very
(C) too
(D) enough
Ans: (B)
09. The train runs ______.
(A) fast
(B) fastly
(C) faster
(D) fastest
Ans: (A)
10. Please come ______.
(A) here
(B) there
(C) where
(D) nowhere
Ans: (A)
TEST-2
01. He treats me ______.
(A) brotherly
(B) in a brotherly way
(C) brother
(D) brothers
Ans: (B) (Brotherly is an adjective, needs "in a ... way" to function as adverb)
02. I ______ go there.
(A) hard
(B) hardly
(C) harder
(D) hardest
Ans: (B) (Hardly = কদাচিৎ/নেতিবাচক)
03. He is ______ weak to walk.
(A) very
(B) too
(C) so
(D) much
Ans: (B) (Too ... to structure)
04. She is ______ better today.
(A) very
(B) much
(C) too
(D) so
Ans: (B) ('Much' modifies comparative adjectives)
05. He came ______ yesterday.
(A) home
(B) to home
(C) at home
(D) in home
Ans: (A) (Home যখন adverb তখন preposition বসে না)
06. ______ did you go there?
(A) Why
(B) Which
(C) What
(D) Who
Ans: (A) (Interrogative Adverb)
07. He speaks English ______.
(A) fluent
(B) fluently
(C) fluency
(D) fluencies
Ans: (B)
08. The man is ______ dead.
(A) near
(B) nearly
(C) nearing
(D) nears
Ans: (B) (Nearly = প্রায়)
09. He worked ______ all day.
(A) hard
(B) hardly
(C) harder
(D) hardest
Ans: (A)
10. I am ______ happy.
(A) very
(B) much
(C) too
(D) enough
Ans: (A)
ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
ADVERB- More Exercise
1. What are the four questions that adverbs can answer? [BSMRSTU (D) 15-16, (F) 18-19]
A. why?When?Where?Why
B. when?Where?How?Why
C. why?where?
D. To what extent/degree?What?
Ans: B
(Explanation: Adverbs generally modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by answering four specific questions: When? (Time), Where? (Place), How? (Manner), and Why? (Reason). They also answer "To what extent?" (Degree).)
2. A modifier can be a/an- [IU (গ) 05-06]
A. adjective
B. adverb
C. noun
D. pronoun
Ans: B
(Explanation: Both adjectives and adverbs are modifiers. In the context of options provided alongside nouns/pronouns, adverbs are the primary class of modifiers for verbs/clauses. Adjectives modify nouns, while Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.)
3. Which of the flowing does an adverb usually answer? [RU 07-08, CU 07-08] An adverb usually answers which of the following questions? [বি আর সি সিনিয়র অফিসার-৯৮]
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. all of these
Ans: D
(Explanation: Adverbs answer questions about Time (When), Place (Where), and Manner (How).)
4. An adverb does not modify -------. [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১]
A. nouns
B. adjectives
C. verbs
D. adverbs
Ans: A
(Explanation: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Nouns and pronouns are modified by Adjectives.)
5. An adverb -------. [NU (মানবিক) 13-14]
A. modifies a pronoun
B. modifies an adjective
C. modifies a preposition
D. modifies a noun
Ans: B
(Explanation: The primary function of an adverb is to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.)
6. Which is not true about the function of an adverb? [রেলওয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৩]
A. qualifying a verb
B. qualifying an adverb
C. qualifying a sentence
D. qualifying an adjective
Ans: C
(Explanation: While "Sentence Adverbs" exist (e.g., Fortunately, he arrived), the core definition taught in standard grammar focuses on qualifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Qualifying a whole sentence is often treated as a distinct or advanced function, making C the intended answer for "least true" in this specific exam context compared to the fundamental three.)
7. Adverbs qualify - [MBSTU (D) 16-17]
A. verbs, adverb and adjectives
B. nouns and pronouns
C. prepositions
D. verbs only
Ans: A
(Explanation: This is the standard definition: Adverbs modify Verbs, Adjectives, and other Adverbs.)
8. My mother always dresses — (beautiful). [বিটিভি'র সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭]
A. beauty
B. beautify
C. beautiful
D. beautifully
Ans: D
(Explanation: The word modifies the verb "dresses", so the adverb form "beautifully" is required.)
9. He lived very — with his wife for many years. [JnU (C) 10-11]
A. happier
B. happiest
C. happy
D. happily
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Happily" is the adverb of manner modifying the verb "lived".)
10. He did — in the test. (সে পরীক্ষায় খারাপ করল) [RU (I) 17-18]
A. badly
B. imaginative
C. good
D. bad
Ans: A
(Explanation: To describe how he did (verb), we need the adverb "badly". "Bad" is an adjective.)
11. English is badly required for global communication —. It is needed — pursuing higher studies. [পোস্টমাস্টার জেনারেল/পোস্টাল অপারেটর-১৬]
A. Also, for
B. Moreover, but
C. However, in
D. On top of that, from
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Also" connects the two ideas of requirement, and "for" indicates the purpose (pursuing higher studies).)
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12. Poor people usually take meal twice. (গরীব লোকেরা সচরাচর দুবেলা আহার করে) [RU (ভূগোল) 06-07]
A. Adverb of degree
B. Adverb of frequency
C. Adverb of time
D. Adverb of reason
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Twice" indicates frequency (how often?), so it is an Adverb of Frequency.)
13. 'The boy has been treated badly'. Here the word 'badly' is [KUET 16-17]
A. Intensifier
B. Adverb of manner
C. Adverb of degree
D. Adverb of purpose
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Badly" describes how the boy was treated, so it is an Adverb of Manner.)
14. He stood first. Here 'first' is [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬]
A. adverb of time
B. adverb of place
C. adverb of cause
D. adverb of order
Ans: D
(Explanation: "First" indicates the rank or order in which he stood.)
15. Identify the correct sentence. (সে আমার সাথে বন্ধুসুলভ আচরণ করল) [RU (D) 10-11]
A. She behaved with me in a friendly way.
B. She behaved with me friendly.
C. She behaved with me in friendly way.
D. She behaved with me friendlily way.
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Friendly" is an adjective ending in -ly (like 'lovely', 'costly'). It cannot be used directly as an adverb. We must use the phrase "in a friendly way/manner".)
16. Although he felt very —, he smiled —. [DU (B) 03-04, NU (বাণিজ্য) 05-06, NSTU (D) 13-14]
A. angrily, friendly
B. angry, friendly
C. angry, friendly way
D. angry, in a friendly way
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Felt" is a linking verb taking the adjective "angry". "Smiled" is an action verb taking the adverbial phrase "in a friendly way" (since 'friendly' is an adjective).)
17. Choose the correct sentence. [অগ্রণী ব্যাংক লি. সিনিয়র অফিসার-১৭]
A. He acted in a cowardly manner.
B. He acted coward manner.
C. He acted in cowardly.
D. He acted in coward manner
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Cowardly" is an adjective. To modify the verb "acted", we use the prepositional phrase "in a cowardly manner".)
18. Although he felt very — he smiled — . [JnU (A&B) 17-18]
A. hungrily, friendly
B. hungrily, in a friendly
C. hungry, friendly
D. hungry, in a friendly manner
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Felt" takes the adjective "hungry". "Smiled" takes the adverbial phrase "in a friendly manner".)
19. He is — weak to move/walk. (সে এত দুর্বল যে নড়তে/হাঁটতে পারে না) [JnU (D) 09-10, HSTU (C) 14-15]
A. very
B. quiet
C. quite
D. too
Ans: D
(Explanation: The structure "Too + Adjective + To + Verb" implies a negative result (so weak that he cannot walk).)
20. The old man was — weak to get out of bed. [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭]
A. most
B. so
C. very
D. too
Ans: D
(Explanation: Use "Too...to" structure for negative capability.)
21. Her fever is — to ignore. [KU (SS) 07-08]
A. too much high
B. so high
C. too high
D. high too much
Ans: C
(Explanation: "Too high to ignore" fits the 'Too + Adj + To + Verb' structure.)
22. His fever is — to ignore. [CU (B1) 12-13]
A. too much high
B. much too high
C. so high
D. high to much
Ans: B
(Explanation: When emphasizing an adjective like "high", we use "much too". "Too much" is generally used with nouns (too much sugar) or as an adverb at the end of a sentence.)
23. The tea was — to sip. (চা এত গরম ছিল যে চুমুক দেয়া যায়নি) [CU (B-2) 12-13]
A. too hot much
B. hot much
C. too hot
D. too much hot
Ans: C
(Explanation: "Too hot to sip".)
24. English language is not — difficult to understand. [উপজেলা মহিলা বিষয়ক কর্মকর্তা-১৬]
A. as
B. so
C. very
D. too
Ans: C
(Explanation: The sentence implies it is understandable. "Not very difficult" or "Not too difficult" are both possible, but "Not very difficult" is a common neutral statement. Source Answer indicates C.)
25. Don't worry. English Grammar is not — to understand. (ইংরেজি গ্রামার এত কঠিন নয় যে আমরা বুঝতে পারব না) [13th BCS]
A. so difficult
B. too difficult
C. very difficult
D. difficult enough
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Not too difficult to understand" negates the idea that it is impossible. It means it is possible to understand.)
26. The branch of tree is — high for the boy — climb. [ডাচ-বাংলা ব্যাংক-১২]
A. so, that
B. too, to
C. so, very
D. so, to
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Too high for the boy to climb.")
27. It was — good to be true. (এটা এত ভালো ছিল যে সত্য হওয়াই পারে না) [JnU (D) 07-08]
A. very
B. so
C. too
D. enough
Ans: C
(Explanation: The idiom "Too good to be true".)
28. Which of the following sentences has negative meaning? [RU (F1) 12-13]
A. My friend is very clever
B. Our new messenger is too clever to be trusted.
C. He is a good person
D. He is interested in bad music
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Too clever to be trusted" means he is so clever that he cannot be trusted.)
29. Choose the correct sentence. [পল্লী উন্নয়ন বোর্ডের মাঠ সংগঠক-১৩, JnU (D) 17-18]
A. I am very busy to talk to you.
B. I am very much busy to talk to you.
C. I am so busy to talk to you.
D. I am too busy to talk to you.
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Too busy to talk" means "I cannot talk because I am busy.")
30. You were — make such a silly mistake. [সমবায় দপ্তরের প্রধান পরিদর্শক ও অন্যান্য-১০]
A. too foolish to
B. to wise to
C. to rash to
D. too intelligent to
Ans: D
(Explanation: The context implies surprise at the mistake. "You were too intelligent to make such a silly mistake" means "You are intelligent, so you shouldn't have made it/It is surprising that you did.")
31. The jacket costs — . (জ্যাকেটটির দাম অত্যন্ত বেশি) [বাংলাদেশ কমার্স ব্যাংক (অফিসার)-০৬, জনতা ব্যাংক (SO)-০৯]
A. too much
B. too many
C. many
D. expensive
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Costs too much" is the correct usage for price/uncountable amount.)
32. It is now — expensive to repair the damage which has been done. [DU (A) 14-15]
A. very much
B. too much
C. many
D. too
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Too much expensive" is grammatically incorrect standard English (should be 'too expensive' or 'much too expensive'), but often tested in local exams where B "too much" is sometimes accepted as an intensifier, or the text is "costs too much". However, here it modifies 'expensive'. In strict grammar, "too expensive" is best. If forced to choose an intensifier from options like 'very much', 'too much', 'too' - usually 'too' fits "too expensive". But if the gap is "It is now [too much] expensive", it's awkward. Let's look at the source answer: B. Note: "Much too expensive" is the standard emphatic form.)
33. Which of the following is incorrect? [NU (মানবিক) 13-14]
A. We haven't got enough milk.
B. I did not study enough hard.
C. Is your coffee hot enough?
D. She did not have enough interest.
Ans: B
(Explanation: 'Enough' is placed after adjectives and adverbs. Correct: "study hard enough". Incorrect: "enough hard".)
34. A seventeen years old is not — to vote in an election. [RU (আইন) 07-08]
A. as old enough
B. old enough
C. enough old
D. enough old as
Ans: B
(Explanation: Adjective + Enough. "Old enough".)
35. He didn't get the job because he wasn't ------ (সে চাকরিটি পায়নি কারণ সে যথেষ্ট অভিজ্ঞ ছিল না)
A. enough experienced
B. experienced enough
C. experience enough
D. experience although
Ans: B
(Explanation: Adjective/Participle + Enough. "Experienced enough".)
36. When your body does not get –, it does not make the glucose it needs. [DU (C) 04-05]
A. food as enough
B. food enoughly
C. enough the food
D. enough food
Ans: D
(Explanation: 'Enough' is placed before nouns. "Enough food".)
37. He acted — to win the competition. Fill in the blank. [CU (A) 06-07]
A. well enough
B. enough well
C. enough
D. enough quick
Ans: A
(Explanation: Adverb + Enough. "Well enough".)
38. Computers that once took place up entire rooms are now — to put on desktops and into wristwatches. [DU (D) 09-10]
A. small enough
B. smaller than
C. as small as
D. so small
Ans: A
(Explanation: Adjective + Enough + To verb. "Small enough to put".)
39. The word 'hardly' means- [সমাজকল্যাণ মন্ত্রণালয়ের সমাজসেবা অফিসার-১০, সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৯]
A. almost never/not
B. always
C. seriously
D. regularly
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Hardly" is a negative adverb meaning "scarcely" or "almost not at all".)
40. He is hardly happy. The word 'hardly' is used — [RU (লোকপ্রশাসন) 07-08]
A. negatively
B. positively
C. subjectively
D. predicatively
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Hardly" lends a negative meaning to the sentence (He is not happy).)
41. 'I hardly go out after dusk.' The correct Bangla translation is- [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৯]
A. আমি সন্ধ্যার পর পরেই বাইরে যাই।
B. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে প্রায়ই বাইরে যাই।
C. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে মোটেই বাইরে যাই না।
D. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে কদাচিৎ বাইরে যাই।
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Hardly" implies "rarely" or "almost never", which translates to "কদাচিৎ".)
42. I — go out after dusk. (আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে কদাচিৎ বাইরে যাই) [KU (বিজ্ঞান স্কুল) 11-12]
A. hardly
B. lately
C. shortly
D. early
Ans: A
(Explanation: "Hardly" means rarely.)
43. A hard worker – put off his daily work for tomorrow. [BSMRSTU (G) 18-19]
A. hard
B. ever
C. yet
D. hardly
Ans: D
(Explanation: "Hardly" is used here to mean "almost never". A hard worker hardly puts off work.)
44. We — go out to a restaurant during the week because when we get home from work we were too tired. [CU (D) 11-12]
A. nearly never
B. hardly never
C. hardly ever
D. ever
Ans: C
(Explanation: "Hardly ever" is the correct idiom meaning "very rarely".)
45. Find the correct sentence. (সে সেখানে কদাচিৎ যায়) [National Bank-10, Southest Bank-12]
A. He hardly does not go there
B. He hardly goes there
C. He hardly does goes there
D. Hardly he goes there
Ans: B
(Explanation: "Hardly" is already negative, so "does not" is incorrect. Correct position is before the main verb: "He hardly goes there.")
46. Translate into English: আপনি কখনো কুয়াকাটা গিয়েছেন? [বিসিকের ১৩-১৬তম গ্রেডের কর্মচারী-১৯]
A. Have you ever gone to Kuakata?
B. Have you gone to Kuakata ever?
C. Have you ever been to Kuakata?
D. Did you ever go to Kuakata?
Ans: C
(Explanation: When asking about past experience of visiting a place, "Have you ever been to..." is the standard usage.)
47. What is the correct translation of ‘তুমি কি কখনো রাঙ্গামাটি গিয়েছ?’ [এলজিইডিতে সহকারী প্রকৌশলী-০৫]
A. Have you gone to Rangamati?
B. Have you ever gone to Rangamati?
C. Have you yet gone to Rangamati?
D. Have you still gone to Rangamati?
Ans: B
(Explanation: While "been to" is preferred for visits, among the options, "Have you ever gone" is the acceptable translation for "have you ever went/gone" in this context.)
48. The correct translation of “এখানে কখনো বৃষ্টি হয় না।” [NU (বিজ্ঞান) 11-12]
A. It does not rain here.
B. It never rains here.
C. It rains never here.
D. Never does it rains here.
Ans: B
(Explanation: "কখনো... না" translates to "never". Position is before the main verb: "It never rains here.")
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