Dangling Modifier Dangling Modifier  (ঝুলন্ত বা অসংলগ্ন বিশেষণ) হলো এমন একটি শব্দগুচ্ছ (Phrase) যা বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে কিন্তু পরবর্তী Clause-এর Subject-কে সঠিকভাবে নির্দেশ করতে পারে না। সহজ কথায়, বাক্যের শুরুতে যদি এমন কোনো কাজ (Action) উল্লেখ থাকে, কিন্তু সেই কাজটি কে করছে (Doer) তা যদি পরবর্তী অংশের Subject হিসেবে না থাকে, তবে বাক্যটি ভুল হয়। এই ভুলকেই Dangling Modifier  বলে। Basic Principle: বাক্যের শুরুতে থাকা Introductory Phrase -এর কাজ যে ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু সম্পন্ন করে, তাকেই অবশ্যই Main Clause -এর Subject  হতে হবে। Incorrect:   Walking down the street , the trees looked beautiful. (গাছ কি রাস্তায় হাঁটতে পারে? না। তাই এটি Dangling Modifier). Correct:   Walking down the street , I  saw the beautiful trees. (এখানে হাঁটার কাজটি 'I' করছে এবং 'I' বাক্যের Subject)। Rules & Methods of Correction Dangling Modifier সংশোধন করার দুটি প্রধান উপায় আছে: Method 1: Change the Main Subject Introductory Phrase-এর কাজ যে করছে, তাকে Main Clause-এর Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে। Incorrect:   Reading the book , the story was interesting. Correct:   Reading the book , I  found the story interesting. Method 2: Expand the Phrase into a Clause শুরুর Phrase-টিকে ভেঙে একটি পূর্ণাঙ্গ Clause (Subject + Verb যুক্ত) তৈরি করতে হবে। Incorrect:   While sleeping , the phone rang. Correct:   While I was sleeping , the phone rang. Common Structures & Examples 1. Present Participle (Verb+ing) Phrase Incorrect:   Flying out the window , he grabbed the papers. (মানুষ জানালা দিয়ে উড়ে যায় না, কাগজ উড়ে যায়). Correct:  He grabbed the papers flying out the window . Correct:  As the papers were flying out the window , he grabbed them. Incorrect:   Looking at his watch , the time was 10 AM. Correct:   Looking at his watch , he  noticed the time was 10 AM. 2. Past Participle (V3) Phrase Incorrect:   Confused by the question , the answer could not be found. Correct:   Confused by the question , the student  could not find the answer. 3. Infinitive Phrase (To + Verb) Incorrect:   To get a good grade , studying is necessary. (Studying নিজে গ্রেড পেতে পারে না). Correct:   To get a good grade , you  must study hard. Incorrect:   To enter the room , the key must be used. Correct:   To enter the room , we  must use the key. 4. Prepositional Phrase Incorrect:   After jumping out of the boat , the shark bit the man. (হাঙর বোট থেকে লাফ দেয়নি). Correct:   After the man jumped out of the boat , the shark bit him. Correct:   After jumping out of the boat , the man  was bitten by a shark. Previous Years' Questions with Explanation 01. Correct the sentence: "Driving down the road, a huge tree was seen." [DU-B] (A) Driving down the road, a huge tree was seen. (B) Driving down the road, we saw a huge tree. (C) A huge tree was seen driving down the road. (D) While driving down the road, a huge tree was seen. Ans: (B) Explanation:  গাড়ি চালানোর কাজটি 'we' করছে, কোনো 'tree' নয়। তাই Subject হিসেবে 'we' বসবে। 02. Correct the sentence: "To become a doctor, biology is compulsory." (A) To become a doctor, biology is compulsory. (B) Biology is compulsory to become a doctor. (C) To become a doctor, a student must study biology. (D) Becoming a doctor, biology is needed. Ans: (C) Explanation:  Biology ডাক্তার হতে পারে না, একজন ছাত্র হতে পারে। তাই Subject হিসেবে 'a student' সঠিক। 03. "Reading the novel, the story interested me." This sentence is — (A) Correct (B) Incorrect (Dangling Modifier) (C) Complex Sentence (D) Compound Sentence Ans: (B) Explanation:  Novel পড়ার কাজটি 'Story' করতে পারে না। সঠিক হতো: "Reading the novel, I found the story interesting." 04. Correct: "Unlike the other students, the teacher gave Rahim a prize." (A) Unlike the other students, Rahim was given a prize by the teacher. (B) Unlike the other students, the teacher gave Rahim a prize. (C) The teacher gave Rahim a prize unlike the other students. (D) Rahim, unlike the other students, gave the teacher a prize. Ans: (A) Explanation:  তুলনা করা হচ্ছে 'Rahim' এবং 'other students'-এর মধ্যে। 'Teacher' এবং 'students'-এর মধ্যে নয়। তাই Subject হিসেবে 'Rahim' আসতে হবে। Master Exercise Choose the correct sentence from the alternatives: 01. (A) Walking along the road, a bus hit him. (B) Walking along the road, he was hit by a bus. (C) While walking along the road, a bus hit him. (D) A bus hit him walking along the road. Ans: (B)  (হাঁটার কাজটি 'he' করছিল, বাস নয়)। 02. (A) Having finished the work, the TV was switched on. (B) Having finished the work, he switched on the TV. (C) The work being finished, the TV was switched on. (D) Both B and C. Ans: (D)  (B তে Subject ঠিক আছে; C তে Absolute Phrase ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা গ্রামারটিক্যালি সঠিক)। 03. (A) Cooked in butter, my mother makes delicious eggs. (B) Cooked in butter, eggs are delicious. (C) My mother makes delicious eggs cooked in butter. (D) Both B and C. Ans: (D)  (A তে বোঝাচ্ছে 'mother' কে রান্না করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল। B এবং C সঠিক)। 04. (A) Lying on the floor, the clock struck ten. (B) Lying on the floor, I heard the clock strike ten. (C) While lying on the floor, the clock struck ten. (D) The clock struck ten lying on the floor. Ans: (B)  (ঘড়ি মেঝেতে শুয়ে থাকে না, 'I' শুয়ে ছিল)। 05. (A) To improve your vocabulary, read more books. (B) To improve your vocabulary, books should be read. (C) Reading more books, vocabulary will be improved. (D) Vocabulary is improved by reading books. Ans: (A)  (Imperative sentence-এ subject 'You' উহ্য থাকে, তাই এটি সঠিক। B তে 'books' ভোকাবুলারি উন্নত করতে চায় না)। 06. (A) After retiring from office, the neighbors gave him a party. (B) After retiring from office, he was given a party by the neighbors. (C) Retiring from office, a party was given. (D) While retiring, the party was held. Ans: (B)  (অবসর গ্রহণের কাজটি 'he' করেছে, প্রতিবেশীরা নয়)। 07. (A) Using a telescope, the star was clearly seen. (B) Using a telescope, I saw the star clearly. (C) The star was seen using a telescope. (D) Both B and C. Ans: (D)  (B তে Subject ঠিক আছে। C তে Passive Voice সঠিক, যেখানে 'using' phrase টি implied agent দ্বারা সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে)। 08. (A) While going to class, a dog bit me. (B) While I was going to class, a dog bit me. (C) Going to class, the dog bit me. (D) A dog bit me going to class. Ans: (B)  (Clause expand করে Subject পরিষ্কার করা হয়েছে)। 09. (A) Wounded in the leg, the soldier could not walk. (B) Wounded in the leg, walking was impossible. (C) Wounded in the leg, the doctor saw the soldier. (D) The soldier could not walk wounded in the leg. Ans: (A)  (আহত হয়েছিল সৈনিক, তাই Subject 'The soldier')। 10. (A) Thinking of his future, the decision was made. (B) Thinking of his future, he made the decision. (C) The decision was made thinking of his future. (D) Thinking of his future, it was decided. Ans: (B)  (ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে চিন্তা করছিল 'he')। DANGLING MODIFIER Questions 1. —, a deer leapt out in front of me. [সার্কেল অ্যাডজুটেন্ট-১৫, JKKNIU (ঘ) 16-17] A. While driving down the road B. While I was driving down the road C. I was driving down the road D. Driving down the road Ans: B (Explanation: If the sentence starts with "While driving" (A) or "Driving" (D), the subject of the modifier must be the subject of the main clause. The subject of the main clause here is "a deer". Since a deer was not driving, these options create a Dangling Modifier . Option B ("While I was driving") provides a complete clause with its own subject "I", making the sentence grammatically correct.) 2. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree, — . [20th BCS, CU (E) 14-15] A. my education will be employed by the university B. employment will be given to me by the university C. the university will employ me D. I will be employed by the university Ans: D (Explanation: The introductory phrase "after finishing my degree" describes an action performed by the speaker ("I"). Therefore, "I" must be the subject of the independent clause immediately following the introductory phrase. Only Option D starts with "I".) 3. After seeing the movie, —. / After watching the movie 'Centennial', —. [CU (E) 14-15, (C) 17-18, JU (E) 17-18] A. the book was read by many people B. the book made many people want to read it C. many people wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested many people Ans: C (Explanation: Who saw the movie? "Many people". Therefore, "many people" must be the subject of the sentence to modify the introductory phrase correctly. The book did not see the movie.) 4. Worn out by a long walk, she fainted. Here 'worn out' is a [IU (B) 13-14] A. dangling participle B. present participle C. adjective complement D. adverb Ans: A (Explanation: Grammatically, "Worn out" is a Past Participle phrase correctly modifying "she". However, in the context of this specific exam question layout where "Past Participle" is not an option, the term "Dangling Participle" is often used in a broad sense to categorize introductory participle phrases in exam syllabi, even if used correctly here.) 5. 'Climbing up a tree, I saw a grey monkey.' - who was climbing up the tree? [DU (D) 03-04, (C) 13-14, IU (G) 10-11] A. a monkey B. the speaker C. somebody else D. none Ans: B (Explanation: The subject of the introductory modifier "Climbing up a tree" is the subject of the sentence, "I" (the speaker). If the monkey were climbing, the sentence structure would likely be: "I saw a grey monkey climbing up a tree.") 6. While going to class, —. [COU (B) 08-09] A. the dog bit me B. dog bit me C. a dog bit me D. I was bitten by a dog Ans: D (Explanation: Who was going to class? "I". Therefore, "I" must be the subject. Options A, B, and C make "the dog" the subject, implying the dog was going to class.) 7. — the passer-by took a nap. (পথিকটি অত্যন্ত ক্লান্ত ও পরিশ্রান্ত হয়ে একটু ঘুমিয়ে নিল) [CU (B1) 14-15] A. Be tired and exhausted B. Having tired and exhausted C. After having tired and exhausted D. Tired and exhausted Ans: D (Explanation: Adjectives or participles placed at the beginning of a sentence modify the subject. "Tired and exhausted" correctly describes the state of "the passer-by".) 8. While biking home before the storm, — [CU (B-1) 13-14] A. the bicycle of Jahan broke down B. Jahan had an accident C. it happened that Jahan's bike broke down D. the storm caught Jahan Ans: B (Explanation: The person biking was Jahan. Therefore, "Jahan" must be the subject of the main clause. In options A, C, and D, the subjects are "bicycle", "it", and "storm", none of which were biking.) 9. —, the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plant are poisonous. [JnU (A) 12-13] A. Until they have been cooked B. Cooking them C. Cooked until D. Being cooked Ans: A (Explanation: To avoid a dangling modifier (since "seeds" cannot cook themselves), the introductory phrase must act as a complete dependent clause with its own subject. "Until they have been cooked" fulfills this requirement.) 10. Hanging on the wall, — [আমি দেয়ালে তার মায়ের ঝুলন্ত একটি ছবি দেখলাম] [CU (E) 08-09] A. was there a photograph of my mother B. a photograph of my mother was C. I saw a photograph of my mother D. was a photograph of my mother E. a photograph of my mother I saw Ans: E (Explanation: The phrase "Hanging on the wall" modifies "a photograph". Option E uses an inverted structure ("...a photograph... I saw") where the object is placed immediately after its modifier, which is stylistically acceptable here.) 11. Plunging into water, — [সে জলে ডুবে ডুবন্ত শিশুটিকে উদ্ধার করলো] [CU (E) 08-09] A. the drowning child was rescued B. the child has been rescued C. drowning child rescued he D. he rescued the drowning child Ans: D (Explanation: The person who plunged into the water is "he". Therefore, "he" must be the subject of the sentence.) 12. Which one is correct? [JU (C) 14-15] A. Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on B. After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing C. Relieved of your responsibilities at work, your home should be a place to relax D. Having finished the assignment, I turned on the TV Ans: D (Explanation: "Having finished the assignment" refers to "I". In option A, the TV finished the assignment (incorrect). Option D correctly aligns the modifier with the subject "I".) 13. Choose the correct sentence. [সে পার্কে হাঁটার সময় সাপের কামড় খেল] [CU (D) 11-12] A. Walking in the park, he was bitten by a snake. B. Walking in the park, a snake bit him. C. Walking in the park, he bit a snake. D. Walking in the park, a snake was bit him. Ans: A (Explanation: The person walking was "he". Therefore, "he" must be the subject. Option B implies the snake was walking in the park.) 14. Choose the correct sentence. [RU (E) 11-12] A. After jumping of a boat, the shark (হাঙ্গর) bit the man. B. After jumping of a boat, the shark bite the man. C. After jumping of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark. D. After jumping of a boat, the man bite the shark. Ans: C (Explanation: The man jumped off the boat, so "the man" must be the subject. Options A and B imply the shark jumped off the boat.) 15. No confusion of the grammatical subject occurs in — [DU (B) 02-03, 99-00] A. Young and inexperienced, the task seemed easy to me. B. Young and inexperienced, it seemed to be an easy task. C. Young and inexperienced, I thought the task easy. D. Young and inexperienced, it was an easy task for me. Ans: C (Explanation: The modifiers "Young and inexperienced" describe a person. Therefore, the subject of the main clause must be a person ("I"). In the other options, the subject is "task" or "it".) 16. Which of the following sentence is correct? [DU 96-97] A. Hearing the good news, I was happy. B. Hearing the good news, happiness was mine. C. Hearing the good news, happy I was. D. Hearing the good news, mine was happiness. Ans: A (Explanation: The person who heard the news is "I". Option A correctly places "I" as the subject immediately after the participle phrase.) 17. Walking through the forest, — [CU (E) 01-02] A. the path of the traveller was moonlit. B. the traveller saw the moon above the trees. C. the moon lit up the leaves of the trees. D. the moon appeared like a luminous ball. Ans: B (Explanation: The person walking through the forest is "the traveller". Thus, "the traveller" must be the subject.) 18. Choose the correct sentence [NU (মানবিক) 10-11] A. Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed B. Having arrived late for practice, the team captain needed a written excuse C. Having arrived late for practice, need the excuse the captain D. Having arrived later for practice, an application was needed Ans: B (Explanation: The person who arrived late is "the team captain". This subject must immediately follow the introductory phrase.) 19. Find out the correct sentence. [DU (C) 91-92, বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক (AD)-০৬] A. Crossing the street, a car almost struck us. B. As we crossed the street, a car almost struck us. C. A car almost struck us, crossing the street. D. Having crossed the street, a car almost struck us. Ans: B (Explanation: A dangling modifier is avoided by expanding the phrase into a full dependent clause: "As we crossed the street". In options A, C, and D, the implied subject is "a car", suggesting the car was crossing or had crossed the street.) 20. Which is the correct sentence? [জেলা প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা অফিসার-৯৩] A. He was bitten by a snake when walking in the garden. B. Walking in the garden, a snake bite him. C. He was bitten by a snake while walking in the garden. D. While he was walking in the garden, a snake had bitten him. Ans: C (Explanation: Option C is concise and correct. "While walking" modifies "He". Option D is also grammatically correct but C is often preferred for conciseness in these tests. Option B is a classic dangling modifier.) 21. Having been served lunch — [থানা/উপজেলা প্রকৌশলী-৯৯, PUST (A) 09-10, BU (D, Ad. English) 12-13] A. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee. B. the committee members discussed the problem. C. it was discussed the committee members the problem D. a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee. Ans: B (Explanation: The "committee members" were served lunch. Therefore, they must be the subject of the sentence.) 22. Which sentence is correct? (দেখে পথ না চলায় সে একটা কারের সাথে ধাক্কা খেল) [DU (B) 00-01, JnU (B-EE) 09-10] A. Not looking where he was going, a car hit him. B. Not looking where he was going, a car had hit him. C. Not looking where he was going, he was hitted by a car. D. Not looking where he was going, he was hit by a car. Ans: D (Explanation: The person not looking was "he". So, "he" must be the subject. Option C is incorrect because "hitted" is not a word.) 23. Choose the correct sentence. [DU (C) 03-04] A. Flying outside the window, he grabbed the papers. B. Flying out of the window, he grabbed the papers. C. Flying out the window, the papers were grabbed by him. D. Flying out the window, the papers grabbed by him. E. Flying out the window, the papers were grabbed him. Ans: C (Explanation: The items flying out the window were "the papers". Therefore, "the papers" must be the subject. In options A and B, "he" is the subject, implying he was flying.) 24. Find out the correct sentence. [DU (D) 92-93] A. Knowing little algebra, it was difficult to solve the problem. B. Knowing little algebra, the problem was difficult to solve. C. Knowing little algebra, I found it difficult to solve the problem. D. Knowing little algebra, solving the problem was difficult. Ans: C (Explanation: The person who knows little algebra is "I". Thus, "I" must be the subject.) 25. Choose the correct sentence. [তাড়াহুড়ার মধ্যে থাকায় সে দরজা খোলা রেখে চলে গেল] [CU (খ) 03-04] A. Being in haste, the door was left. B. Being in haste, the door was left open. C. Being in haste, she left the door open. D. Being in haste, the door was opened. Ans: C (Explanation: The person in haste was "she". So, "she" must be the subject. Options A, B, and D imply the door was in haste.) 26. Upon hatching, — A. swimming is known by young ducks B. young ducks know how to swim C. how to swim is known in young ducks D. the knowledge of swimming is in young ducks Ans: B (Explanation: The creatures that hatch are "young ducks". Therefore, "young ducks" must be the subject.) 27. Smaller and flatter than an orange, — [DU (BBA-IBA) 02-03] A. a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily B. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated C. it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections D. to peel a tangerine is easy, and it sections can be readily separated Ans: A (Explanation: The thing that is "smaller and flatter than an orange" is "a tangerine". Therefore, "a tangerine" must be the subject.)

Dangling Modifier Dangling Modifier (ঝুলন্ত বা অসম্পৃক্ত নির্দেশক):  যখন কোনো modifier (সাধারণত phrase) বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে কিন্তু তার ঠিক পরেই যাকে modify করার কথা (subject) তাকে না বসিয়ে অন্য কোনো subject বসানো হয়, তখন তাকে Dangling Modifier বা Misplaced Modifier বলে। Simple sentence-এর দুটি অংশ থাকে। প্রথম অংশটি gerund/infinitive/participle ইত্যাদি দ্বারা শুরু হয় কিন্তু subject থাকে না। এই লুপ্ত subject-টিকেই দ্বিতীয় অংশের শুরুতে বসাতে হয়। Correct Structure Example: Incorrect:  While going to class, a dog bit me. (কুকুর ক্লাসে যাচ্ছিল না, আমি যাচ্ছিলাম) Correct:  While going to class, I was bitten by a dog. (বা While I was going to class, a dog bit me.) Questions: 1. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree, --- a) my education will be employed by the university b) employment will be given by to me by the university c) the university will employ me d) I will be employed by the university 2. After seeing the movie 'Centennial', --- a) the book was read by many people b) the book made many people want to read it c) many people wanted to read the book d) the reading of the book interested many people 3. While going to class, --- a) the dog bit me b) a dog bit me c) dog bit me d) I was bitten by a dog 4. Hanging on the wall, --- a) was there a photograph of my mother b) was a photograph of my mother c) a photograph of my mother I saw d) I saw a photograph of my mother 5. Choose the correct sentence. a) After jumping of a boat, the shark bit the man. b) After jumping of a boat, the shark bite the man. c) After jumping of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark. d) After jumping of a boat, the man bite the shark. 6. Walking through the forest, --- a) the path of the traveller was moonlit. b) the traveller saw the moon above the trees. c) the moon lit up the leaves of the trees. d) the moon appeared like a luminous ball. 7. ---, the passer-by took a nap. a) Be tired and exhausted b) Having tired and exhausted c) After having tired and exhausted d) Tired and exhausted 8. While biking home before the storm, --- a) the bicycle of Jahan broke down b) Jahan had an accident c) it happened that Jahan's bike broke down d) the storm caught Jahan 9. Which one is correct? a) Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on b) After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing c) Relieved of your responsibilities at work, your home should be a place to relax d) Having finished the assignment, I turned on the TV 10. Which of the following sentence is correct? a) Hearing the good news, I was happy b) Hearing the good news, happiness was mine. c) Hearing the good news, happy I was d) Hearing the good news, mine was happiness. Answers With Explanation: 1. d) I will be employed by the university (The modifier "after finishing my degree" refers to a person. Therefore, the subject of the main clause must be "I". 'After finishing my degree' কথাটি 'I' কে নির্দেশ করে, তাই বাক্যের সাবজেক্ট 'I' হতে হবে।) 2. c) many people wanted to read the book (The phrase "After seeing the movie" implies people saw it. So the subject must be "many people", not "the book". মুভিটি দেখার কাজ মানুষ করেছে, তাই সাবজেক্ট 'many people' হবে, 'the book' নয়।) 3. d) I was bitten by a dog (The phrase "While going to class" refers to the speaker ("I"). If the subject is "a dog", it implies the dog was going to class. So, "I" must be the subject. ক্লাসে যাওয়ার কাজটি 'আমি' করছিলাম, কুকুর নয়। তাই সাবজেক্ট 'I' হবে।) 4. c) a photograph of my mother I saw   (Note: The structure of option C in the source text is unusual, but grammatically, the subject modified by "Hanging on the wall" must be the photograph, not "I". In typical multiple-choice questions for this specific example, the correct answer is usually formatted as "a photograph of my mother caught my eye" or simply "a photograph...". Among the choices, C places 'a photograph' first, which aligns with the modifier rules better than D, where 'I' is the subject.) ("Hanging on the wall" modifies the "photograph". A person ("I") cannot hang on the wall in this context. দেয়ালে ঝুলছিল ছবিটি, আমি নই। তাই সাবজেক্ট photograph হতে হবে।) 5. c) After jumping of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark. (The person jumping off the boat is "the man", not "the shark". So "the man" must be the subject. নৌকা থেকে মানুষটি লাফ দিয়েছিল, তাই সাবজেক্ট 'the man' হবে।) 6. b) the traveller saw the moon above the trees. ("Walking through the forest" modifies "the traveller". The path or the moon was not walking. বনের মধ্য দিয়ে পরিব্রাজক (traveller) হাঁটছিল, তাই সাবজেক্ট 'the traveller' হবে।) 7. d) Tired and exhausted (Adjectives "Tired and exhausted" modify the subject "the passer-by". This is a correct use of a participial/adjective phrase. ক্লান্ত ও পরিশ্রান্ত ছিল পথিক, তাই এটি সঠিক।) 8. b) Jahan had an accident ("While biking home" refers to a person. "The bicycle", "it", or "the storm" cannot bike. So "Jahan" must be the subject. সাইকেল চালাচ্ছিল জাহান, তাই মেইন ক্লজের সাবজেক্ট 'Jahan' হবে।) 9. d) Having finished the assignment, I turned on the TV (The person who finished the assignment is "I". In option A, the TV finished the assignment, which is illogical. অ্যাসাইনমেন্ট শেষ করেছিল 'আমি', তাই সাবজেক্ট 'I' হবে।) 10. a) Hearing the good news, I was happy (The person hearing the news is "I". So the subject must be "I". সুসংবাদটি আমি শুনেছিলাম, তাই সাবজেক্ট 'I' হবে।) DANGLING MODIFIER Questions 1. —, a deer leapt out in front of me. [সার্কেল অ্যাডজুটেন্ট-১৫, JKKNIU (ঘ) 16-17] A. While driving down the road B. While I was driving down the road C. I was driving down the road D. Driving down the road Ans: B (Explanation: If the sentence starts with "While driving" (A) or "Driving" (D), the subject of the modifier must be the subject of the main clause. The subject of the main clause here is "a deer". Since a deer was not driving, these options create a Dangling Modifier . Option B ("While I was driving") provides a complete clause with its own subject "I", making the sentence grammatically correct.) 2. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree, — . [20th BCS, CU (E) 14-15] A. my education will be employed by the university B. employment will be given to me by the university C. the university will employ me D. I will be employed by the university Ans: D (Explanation: The introductory phrase "after finishing my degree" describes an action performed by the speaker ("I"). Therefore, "I" must be the subject of the independent clause immediately following the introductory phrase. Only Option D starts with "I".) 3. After seeing the movie, —. / After watching the movie 'Centennial', —. [CU (E) 14-15, (C) 17-18, JU (E) 17-18] A. the book was read by many people B. the book made many people want to read it C. many people wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested many people Ans: C (Explanation: Who saw the movie? "Many people". Therefore, "many people" must be the subject of the sentence to modify the introductory phrase correctly. The book did not see the movie.) 4. Worn out by a long walk, she fainted. Here 'worn out' is a [IU (B) 13-14] A. dangling participle B. present participle C. adjective complement D. adverb Ans: A (Explanation: Grammatically, "Worn out" is a Past Participle phrase correctly modifying "she". However, in the context of this specific exam question layout where "Past Participle" is not an option, the term "Dangling Participle" is often used in a broad sense to categorize introductory participle phrases in exam syllabi, even if used correctly here.) 5. 'Climbing up a tree, I saw a grey monkey.' - who was climbing up the tree? [DU (D) 03-04, (C) 13-14, IU (G) 10-11] A. a monkey B. the speaker C. somebody else D. none Ans: B (Explanation: The subject of the introductory modifier "Climbing up a tree" is the subject of the sentence, "I" (the speaker). If the monkey were climbing, the sentence structure would likely be: "I saw a grey monkey climbing up a tree.") 6. While going to class, —. [COU (B) 08-09] A. the dog bit me B. dog bit me C. a dog bit me D. I was bitten by a dog Ans: D (Explanation: Who was going to class? "I". Therefore, "I" must be the subject. Options A, B, and C make "the dog" the subject, implying the dog was going to class.) 7. — the passer-by took a nap. (পথিকটি অত্যন্ত ক্লান্ত ও পরিশ্রান্ত হয়ে একটু ঘুমিয়ে নিল) [CU (B1) 14-15] A. Be tired and exhausted B. Having tired and exhausted C. After having tired and exhausted D. Tired and exhausted Ans: D (Explanation: Adjectives or participles placed at the beginning of a sentence modify the subject. "Tired and exhausted" correctly describes the state of "the passer-by".) 8. While biking home before the storm, — [CU (B-1) 13-14] A. the bicycle of Jahan broke down B. Jahan had an accident C. it happened that Jahan's bike broke down D. the storm caught Jahan Ans: B (Explanation: The person biking was Jahan. Therefore, "Jahan" must be the subject of the main clause. In options A, C, and D, the subjects are "bicycle", "it", and "storm", none of which were biking.) 9. —, the seeds of the Kentucky coffee plant are poisonous. [JnU (A) 12-13] A. Until they have been cooked B. Cooking them C. Cooked until D. Being cooked Ans: A (Explanation: To avoid a dangling modifier (since "seeds" cannot cook themselves), the introductory phrase must act as a complete dependent clause with its own subject. "Until they have been cooked" fulfills this requirement.) 10. Hanging on the wall, — [আমি দেয়ালে তার মায়ের ঝুলন্ত একটি ছবি দেখলাম] [CU (E) 08-09] A. was there a photograph of my mother B. a photograph of my mother was C. I saw a photograph of my mother D. was a photograph of my mother E. a photograph of my mother I saw Ans: E (Explanation: The phrase "Hanging on the wall" modifies "a photograph". Option E uses an inverted structure ("...a photograph... I saw") where the object is placed immediately after its modifier, which is stylistically acceptable here.) 11. Plunging into water, — [সে জলে ডুবে ডুবন্ত শিশুটিকে উদ্ধার করলো] [CU (E) 08-09] A. the drowning child was rescued B. the child has been rescued C. drowning child rescued he D. he rescued the drowning child Ans: D (Explanation: The person who plunged into the water is "he". Therefore, "he" must be the subject of the sentence.) 12. Which one is correct? [JU (C) 14-15] A. Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on B. After reading the original study, the article remains unconvincing C. Relieved of your responsibilities at work, your home should be a place to relax D. Having finished the assignment, I turned on the TV Ans: D (Explanation: "Having finished the assignment" refers to "I". In option A, the TV finished the assignment (incorrect). Option D correctly aligns the modifier with the subject "I".) 13. Choose the correct sentence. [সে পার্কে হাঁটার সময় সাপের কামড় খেল] [CU (D) 11-12] A. Walking in the park, he was bitten by a snake. B. Walking in the park, a snake bit him. C. Walking in the park, he bit a snake. D. Walking in the park, a snake was bit him. Ans: A (Explanation: The person walking was "he". Therefore, "he" must be the subject. Option B implies the snake was walking in the park.) 14. Choose the correct sentence. [RU (E) 11-12] A. After jumping of a boat, the shark (হাঙ্গর) bit the man. B. After jumping of a boat, the shark bite the man. C. After jumping of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark. D. After jumping of a boat, the man bite the shark. Ans: C (Explanation: The man jumped off the boat, so "the man" must be the subject. Options A and B imply the shark jumped off the boat.) 15. No confusion of the grammatical subject occurs in — [DU (B) 02-03, 99-00] A. Young and inexperienced, the task seemed easy to me. B. Young and inexperienced, it seemed to be an easy task. C. Young and inexperienced, I thought the task easy. D. Young and inexperienced, it was an easy task for me. Ans: C (Explanation: The modifiers "Young and inexperienced" describe a person. Therefore, the subject of the main clause must be a person ("I"). In the other options, the subject is "task" or "it".) 16. Which of the following sentence is correct? [DU 96-97] A. Hearing the good news, I was happy. B. Hearing the good news, happiness was mine. C. Hearing the good news, happy I was. D. Hearing the good news, mine was happiness. Ans: A (Explanation: The person who heard the news is "I". Option A correctly places "I" as the subject immediately after the participle phrase.) 17. Walking through the forest, — [CU (E) 01-02] A. the path of the traveller was moonlit. B. the traveller saw the moon above the trees. C. the moon lit up the leaves of the trees. D. the moon appeared like a luminous ball. Ans: B (Explanation: The person walking through the forest is "the traveller". Thus, "the traveller" must be the subject.) 18. Choose the correct sentence [NU (মানবিক) 10-11] A. Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed B. Having arrived late for practice, the team captain needed a written excuse C. Having arrived late for practice, need the excuse the captain D. Having arrived later for practice, an application was needed Ans: B (Explanation: The person who arrived late is "the team captain". This subject must immediately follow the introductory phrase.) 19. Find out the correct sentence. [DU (C) 91-92, বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক (AD)-০৬] A. Crossing the street, a car almost struck us. B. As we crossed the street, a car almost struck us. C. A car almost struck us, crossing the street. D. Having crossed the street, a car almost struck us. Ans: B (Explanation: A dangling modifier is avoided by expanding the phrase into a full dependent clause: "As we crossed the street". In options A, C, and D, the implied subject is "a car", suggesting the car was crossing or had crossed the street.) 20. Which is the correct sentence? [জেলা প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা অফিসার-৯৩] A. He was bitten by a snake when walking in the garden. B. Walking in the garden, a snake bite him. C. He was bitten by a snake while walking in the garden. D. While he was walking in the garden, a snake had bitten him. Ans: C (Explanation: Option C is concise and correct. "While walking" modifies "He". Option D is also grammatically correct but C is often preferred for conciseness in these tests. Option B is a classic dangling modifier.) 21. Having been served lunch — [থানা/উপজেলা প্রকৌশলী-৯৯, PUST (A) 09-10, BU (D, Ad. English) 12-13] A. the problem was discussed by the members of the committee. B. the committee members discussed the problem. C. it was discussed the committee members the problem D. a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee. Ans: B (Explanation: The "committee members" were served lunch. Therefore, they must be the subject of the sentence.) 22. Which sentence is correct? (দেখে পথ না চলায় সে একটা কারের সাথে ধাক্কা খেল) [DU (B) 00-01, JnU (B-EE) 09-10] A. Not looking where he was going, a car hit him. B. Not looking where he was going, a car had hit him. C. Not looking where he was going, he was hitted by a car. D. Not looking where he was going, he was hit by a car. Ans: D (Explanation: The person not looking was "he". So, "he" must be the subject. Option C is incorrect because "hitted" is not a word.) 23. Choose the correct sentence. [DU (C) 03-04] A. Flying outside the window, he grabbed the papers. B. Flying out of the window, he grabbed the papers. C. Flying out the window, the papers were grabbed by him. D. Flying out the window, the papers grabbed by him. E. Flying out the window, the papers were grabbed him. Ans: C (Explanation: The items flying out the window were "the papers". Therefore, "the papers" must be the subject. In options A and B, "he" is the subject, implying he was flying.) 24. Find out the correct sentence. [DU (D) 92-93] A. Knowing little algebra, it was difficult to solve the problem. B. Knowing little algebra, the problem was difficult to solve. C. Knowing little algebra, I found it difficult to solve the problem. D. Knowing little algebra, solving the problem was difficult. Ans: C (Explanation: The person who knows little algebra is "I". Thus, "I" must be the subject.) 25. Choose the correct sentence. [তাড়াহুড়ার মধ্যে থাকায় সে দরজা খোলা রেখে চলে গেল] [CU (খ) 03-04] A. Being in haste, the door was left. B. Being in haste, the door was left open. C. Being in haste, she left the door open. D. Being in haste, the door was opened. Ans: C (Explanation: The person in haste was "she". So, "she" must be the subject. Options A, B, and D imply the door was in haste.) 26. Upon hatching, — A. swimming is known by young ducks B. young ducks know how to swim C. how to swim is known in young ducks D. the knowledge of swimming is in young ducks Ans: B (Explanation: The creatures that hatch are "young ducks". Therefore, "young ducks" must be the subject.) 27. Smaller and flatter than an orange, — [DU (BBA-IBA) 02-03] A. a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily B. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated C. it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections D. to peel a tangerine is easy, and it sections can be readily separated Ans: A (Explanation: The thing that is "smaller and flatter than an orange" is "a tangerine". Therefore, "a tangerine" must be the subject.)

Affirmative & Negative Agreement (সমর্থনমূলক এবং অস্বীকৃতিসূচক সমঝোতা) 🔎 Topic Information: Affirmative and negative agreement refers to how we show agreement  or disagreement with a previously mentioned positive or negative statement. This structure allows us to avoid repetition  by using short responses such as so / too / also / either / neither . ·         These patterns are important in both spoken and written English, especially in connected speech  and cohesion . ·         It tests your knowledge of auxiliary verbs , word order , and understanding of positive/negative logic . ✅ Affirmative Agreement (Positive Statements): When someone makes a positive  statement, and another person wants to agree , we use: ✅ Structure 1: So + Auxiliary Verb + Subject Example:→ California relies heavily on fruit crops, and so does Florida .→ I love tea, and so does my sister . ✅ Structure 2: Subject + Auxiliary Verb + too / also Example:→ California relies heavily on fruit crops, and Florida does too / also .→ I love tea, and my sister does too / also . 🟡  Note: ·         “Also” is usually used in written English  and comes before the verb . ·         “Too” is used in spoken English  and comes at the end  of the sentence. ❌ Negative Agreement (Negative Statements): When someone makes a negative  statement and another person wants to agree (also be negative), we use: ❌ Structure 1: Neither + Auxiliary Verb + Subject Example:→ My family members do not like tea, and neither do I .→ He doesn't eat meat, and neither does his wife . ❌ Structure 2: Subject + Auxiliary Verb + not + either Example:→ My family members do not like tea, and I don’t either .→ He doesn't eat meat, and his wife doesn’t either . 🟡  Common Errors (Incorrect Forms): 🚫 “I don’t too”🚫 “Neither I do”🚫 “I do neither” (used in formal/literary style only) 📚 Sample Questions (Grammar MCQs): 01.  California relies heavily on income from fruit crops and —. A.  Florida also B.  Florida too C.  so does Florida ✅ D.  Florida is as well 02.  My family members do not like tea and —. A.  neither do I ✅ B.  I don’t too C.  I do neither D.  neither I do 📝 Summary Rules: Agreement Type Structure Example Affirmative Agreement So + Auxiliary + Subject So does she. Affirmative Agreement Subject + Auxiliary + too/also He does too. Negative Agreement Neither + Auxiliary + Subject Neither do I. Negative Agreement Subject + Auxiliary + not + either I don’t either.         Classification of Agreement in English Grammar ✳️ Topic: Affirmative and Negative Agreement Understanding agreement  helps learners express shared experiences, preferences, and actions concisely. This section explores two main types: 🔵 1. Affirmative Agreement (ইতিবাচক সমর্থন বা একমত হওয়া) 🔍 Definition Affirmative agreement refers to agreeing with a positive statement  made by someone else. It is often used in conversations to avoid repetition. ✅ Structures of Affirmative Agreement: i. Subject + Auxiliary Verb + too/also ii. So + Auxiliary Verb + Subject 📘 Examples: Sentence A (Positive Statement) Sentence B (Agreement) Himel is honest, and you are too  / also . They will leave at noon, and you will too . We are going to the concert, and so are they . I am worried about it, and so is he . Rose wants to go home, and so do we . Mary wants to go home, and we do too . Julia goes to that school, and she does also . Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and so did their children . 📝 Affirmative Agreement Exercises: Fill in the blanks using the correct auxiliary and structure (either so + aux + subject  or subject + aux + too ): 1.       Bitu likes to fly, and her brother __________ too. 2.       They will leave at noon, and I __________ too. 3.       He has an early appointment, and so __________ I. 4.       Rabia has already written her composition, and so __________ her friends. 5.       Their plane is arriving at nine o'clock, and so __________ mine. 6.       I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so __________ my neighbour. 7.       We like to swim in the pool, and they __________ too. 8.       Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so __________ we. 9.       He has lived in Mexico for five years, and you __________ too. 10.   I must write them a letter, and she __________ too. ✅ Answers: 1.       does 2.       will 3.       do 4.       have 5.       is 6.       should 7.       do 8.       do 9.       have 10.   must 🔴 2. Negative Agreement (নেতিবাচক সমর্থন বা একমত হওয়া) 🔍 Definition Negative agreement is used to agree with a negative statement  made by another person. Two main structures are used to reflect this kind of agreement. ❌ Structures of Negative Agreement: i. Subject + Auxiliary Verb + not + either ii. Neither + Auxiliary Verb + Subject 📘 Examples: Sentence A (Negative Statement) Sentence B (Agreement) He won’t be here today, and neither will his sister . Jane won't go to the party, and neither will he . She is not in agreement, and neither am I . I didn’t know the answer, and neither did he . She hasn’t finished the work, and neither have I . 📝 Negative Agreement Exercises: Fill in the blanks using either neither + aux + subject  or subject + aux + not + either : 1.       The children shouldn’t take that medicine, and ________ should she. 2.       We don’t plan to attend the concert, and ________ do they. 3.       I don’t like tennis, and he doesn’t ________. 4.       She didn’t see anyone she knew, and ________ did Tim. 5.       The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and ________ could the Angels. 6.       Mary can’t type well, and her sister can’t ________. 7.       I’m not interested in reading that book, and ________ is she. 8.       They won’t have to work on weekends, and we won’t ________. 9.       I can’t stand listening to that music, and she can’t ________. 10.   Michael doesn’t speak English, and his family doesn’t ________. ✅ Answers: 1.       neither 2.       neither 3.       either 4.       neither 5.       neither 6.       either 7.       neither 8.       either 9.       either 10.   either 🧠 Conclusion: Type Use Structures Affirmative Agreement To agree with positive statements - So + aux + subject- Subject + aux + too/also Negative Agreement To agree with negative statements - Subject + aux + not + either- Neither + aux + subject                                     Remind The Rules 1. Technically, glass is a mineral and so —. A. we haveB. we areC. have weD. are we Correct answer:  B. we are Explanation: This is an example of inversion used with "so" for agreement. "Glass is a mineral" → "So are we." 2. He behaved so nicely with me. And so —.  [13th BCS]A. I behavedB. I didC. I tooD. did I Correct answer:  B. I did Explanation: “So + auxiliary verb + subject” is the structure for agreement with a past simple action like “behaved.” 3. One ought to cooperate with one's neighbours when they are in trouble, and —. A. neither do theyB. so do theyC. so they doD. vice versa Correct answer:  B. so do they Explanation: Used to express agreement: “so + auxiliary + subject.” “Do” matches the verb “cooperate.” 4. "I won't be late." The correct response may be —. A. "So do I"B. "Me neither"C. "I too"D. "Nor am I!" Correct answer:  D. "Nor am I!" Explanation: Negative agreement in present simple or future uses “Nor + auxiliary + subject.” 5. She won't be going to the party and —. A. her friends will notB. her friends will neitherC. neither her friends willD. neither will her friends Correct answer:  D. neither will her friends Explanation: "Neither + auxiliary + subject" is used for negative agreement. 6. Pioneer men and women suffered terrible hardships, and —. A. also did the childrenB. also the childrenC. so do the childrenD. so did their children Correct answer:  D. so did their children Explanation: “So + auxiliary + subject” shows agreement in the past. "Did" matches "suffered." 7. "She likes cooking." The correct response is —. A. Me neitherB. So am IC. So do ID. Neither am I Correct answer:  C. So do I Explanation: Present simple agreement with “likes” requires “So do I.” 8. He didn't hurt the people, —. A. nor did he cheat themB. he didn't cheat themC. he never cheats themD. never did he cheat them Correct answer:  A. nor did he cheat them Explanation: “Nor + auxiliary + subject” is used to add another negative point. 9. The professor wanted me to send email address and —. A. so send IB. so do IC. so did ID. so I send Correct answer:  C. so did I Explanation: The verb “wanted” is past, so we use “did” for agreement. 10. My friend believes that research is a group effort and — do I. A. asB. the sameC. soD. too Correct answer:  C. so Explanation: Correct format: “so do I” to agree with a present belief. 11. A good number of adolescents do not socialize, —. A. they neither build up the careerB. nor they build up the careerC. nor do they build up the careerD. hardly they build up the career Correct answer:  C. nor do they build up the career Explanation: Negative continuation: “Nor + auxiliary + subject + verb.” 12. They could not solve the problem, —. A. we could not eitherB. neither could not weC. also we could notD. and we could not neither Correct answer:  A. we could not either Explanation: “Either” is used to agree with a negative statement without inversion. 13. Find out the correct sentence. A. I am worried about it, and also he isB. I am worried about it, and so is heC. I am worried about it, and also is heD. As I am worried about it, so he is Correct answer:  B. I am worried about it, and so is he Explanation: Correct inverted form with “so”: “so + auxiliary + subject.”     Previous Years' Questions – Dhaka University 1. Poetry in every language celebrates beauty and truth –  [DU B. 2021]A. So does artB. So as artC. As well as artD. Why not art? ✅  Correct Answer:  A. So does art Explanation:  Affirmative agreement. Structure: So + auxiliary verb + subject “Poetry celebrates” → Present simple → Use does  → “So does art” 2. He is hardworking and —  [DU B. 2015–16]A. I am goB. so I amC. so am ID. I too am ✅  Correct Answer:  C. so am I Explanation:  Affirmative agreement.Structure: So + auxiliary verb (am/is/are) + subject “He is hardworking” → “So am I” 🟩  Affirmative Agreement Rules (Reminder): Subject + verb + too/also Example:  He is tired, and I am too . So + auxiliary verb + subject Example:  He is tired. So am I. 3. My friend does not like terrorism and —  [DU 2011]A. Neither I doB. Neither do IC. I doD. I do either ✅  Correct Answer:  B. Neither do I Explanation:  Negative agreement.Structure: Neither + auxiliary verb + subject “My friend does not like terrorism” → “Neither do I” 🟥  Negative Agreement Rules (Reminder): Negative + and + subject + negative auxiliary + either Example:  She doesn’t like it, and I don’t either . Neither + auxiliary + subject Example:  She doesn’t like it. Neither do I. 4. She took pictures, and —  [DU C. 2004–05]A. I did soB. so I didC. I did alsoD. so did I ✅  Correct Answer:  D. so did I Explanation:  Affirmative agreement.Structure: So + auxiliary verb (did) + subject “She took pictures” → Past simple → Use did  → “So did I” 5. Which one of the following is correct?  [DU C. 2000–01]A. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and so do their childrenB. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and neither did the childrenC. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, also the childrenD. Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and so did their children ✅  Correct Answer:  D. and so did their children Explanation:  Affirmative agreement in past tense.Structure: So + did + subject “Endured” → Past simple → “So did their children”     Jahangirnagar University – Previous Years' Questions 1. Find the incorrect word from the following sentence:"Rima has not completed the task yet, and Mina hasn't neither." [JU B. 2018–19]A. has notB. taskC. yetD. either ✅  Correct Answer:  D. either Explanation:  The sentence is negative (“hasn't”), so we should use “either” instead of “neither”  in the second clause.Correct sentence: Rima has not completed the task yet, and Mina hasn't either. 2. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops and — [JU ESD-1, 2013–14]A. Florida alsoB. Florida tooC. Florida is as wellD. So does Florida ✅  Correct Answer:  D. So does Florida Explanation:  This is an affirmative agreement with present simple tense → Use “does” .Structure: So + does + subject 3. My friend believes that research is a group effort and — do I. [JU ESD-1, 2013–14]A. SoB. AsC. The sameD. Too ✅  Correct Answer:  A. So Explanation:  Affirmative agreement → So do I Structure: So + auxiliary verb + subject “My friend believes” → Present simple → Use do  → “So do I” 4. "He didn't pay the fees." The correct response is — [JU Set-2, 2013–14]A. So did IB. Me neitherC. Neither am ID. So am I ✅  Correct Answer:  B. Me neither Explanation:  Negative agreement with past simple.Structure: Me neither  (informal) = Neither did I  (formal)“He didn’t pay the fees.” → “Me neither.” 5. "I am a student." The expected response would be — [JU-C2, Set-1, 2012–13]A. Me neitherB. So am IC. Neither am ID. What are you ✅  Correct Answer:  B. So am I Explanation:  Affirmative agreement.Structure: So + be verb (am) + subject  → “So am I” 6. "I don’t like milk." The correct response may be — [JU-C, Set-1, 2011–12]A. I tooB. I like chocolateC. Neither do ID. Why aren’t you? ✅  Correct Answer:  C. Neither do I Explanation:  Negative agreement.Structure: Neither + auxiliary verb + subject “I don’t like milk.” → “Neither do I”     🏛️ Rajshahi University – Previous Questions on Agreement 01. My family members do not like tea and — (RU-B, Set-1, 2013–14) A. neither do I  ✅ B. I don't too C. I do neither D. neither I do 🔹  Correct Answer: A. neither do I 🔸  Explanation: This is negative agreement .Structure: Neither + auxiliary verb + subject ✔ “My family members do not like tea, and neither do I.” 02. Mr. Bashir is not happy; Mr. Rashid is not happy — (RU-B, 2019–20) A. too B. with C. either  ✅ D. yet 🔹  Correct Answer: C. either 🔸  Explanation: Use "either"  to agree with a negative statement .✔ “Mr. Bashir is not happy; Mr. Rashid is not happy either.” 03. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops and — (RU-B, 2004–07) A. Florida is as well B. Florida too C. Florida also D. So does Florida  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D. So does Florida 🔸  Explanation: This is affirmative agreement  in present simple.Structure: So + auxiliary verb + subject ✔ “California relies heavily on fruit crops, and so does Florida.” 04. Choose the correct sentence: A. I am worried about it, and also he is B. I am worried about it, and so is he ✅ C. I am worried about it, and also is he D. As I am worried, so he is 🔹  Correct Answer: B. I am worried about it, and so is he 🔸  Explanation: This is affirmative agreement  using the be verb .✔ Structure: So + be verb + subject       🏛️ Chittagong University – Questions on Agreement (Affirmative & Negative) 01. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops and — (CU-B, Set-1, 2023–24) A. Florida also B. Florida too C. so does Florida  ✅ D. Florida is as well 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation:  Affirmative agreementStructure: So + auxiliary verb + subject 02. Quite a few students don't study hard, — (CU-D, 2023–24) A. nor do they take part in games and sports ✅ B. nor they take part in cultural activities C. neither they take part in games and music D. either do they take part in games and sports 🔹  Correct Answer: A 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: Nor/Neither + auxiliary verb + subject 03. She didn't see anyone she knew, and — (CU-A, Shift-2, 2022–23) A. either did Tanu B. Tanu did not see C. nor did Tanu  ✅ D. neither did Tanu 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreement using nor + auxiliary + subject 04. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and — (CU-B, Shift-C, 2022–23) A. Florida is as well B. Florida too C. Florida also D. so does Florida  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation:  Affirmative agreement 05. Florida has not yet ratified the Equal Rights Amendment, and — (CU-B, Set-3, 2021–22) A. several other states hasn't either B. neither have several other states ✅ C. neither has some of the other states D. some other states also have not either 🔹  Correct Answer: B 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: Neither + have + plural subject 06. Mary won't be going to the conference, and — (CU-B, Set-3, 2021–22) A. neither will her colleagues  ✅ B. will neither her colleagues C. would her colleagues either D. won't her colleagues either 🔹  Correct Answer: A 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreement using neither + will + subject 07. My father did not believe me, — (CU-D, Set-1, 2021–22) A. and so was my elder sister B. whether I have passed the exam or not C. why I was unhappy with this D. nor did my mother upon hearing my story  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreement using nor + auxiliary + subject 08. “It is not very cold. I don't think we need these big jackets.”“I don't think so, —” (CU-B, 2020–21) A. anyway B. neither C. either  ✅ D. too 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: I don’t think so, either. 09. My family members do not like coffee, and — (CU-B, 2016–17) A. I don't too B. neither I do C. neither do I  ✅ D. I do neither 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: Neither + do + subject 10. Rajshahi relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and — (CU-B, 2016–17) A. and so is Dinajpur B. and so are other districts C. and so is Chittagong D. and so does Dinajpur  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation:  Affirmative agreement with present simple tense 11. They are planning on attending the convention next month, and — (CU-B, 2015–16) A. so am I  ✅ B. and I will C. I also D. I will too 🔹  Correct Answer: A 🔸  Explanation:  Affirmative agreement with be verb 12. She can't drive, and — (CU-B, 2014–15) A. can her husband neither B. her husband neither can neither C. can neither her husband D. neither can her husband  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: Neither + can + subject 13. He did not remember, and — (CU-D, 2013–14) A. either I did not B. not either I did C. neither I did D. neither did I  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation:  Negative agreementStructure: Neither + did + subject 14. Kamal and his brother studied Accounting last year, and so — (CU-C, 2005–06) A. does their sister B. has their sister C. did their sister  ✅ D. do their sister E. is their sister 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation:  Affirmative agreementMatch the past tense (studied)  with did   GST (University) – Affirmative Agreement Questions 01. Neptune is an extremely cold planet; — Uranus. (GST, 2022–23) A. so does B. so had C. so is  ✅ D. it is 🔹  Correct Answer: C 🔸  Explanation: Affirmative agreement with the verb to be  in present tense:Structure → So + is + subject Example: Neptune is cold; so is  Uranus. 02. My half-brother visited Cox's Bazar a couple of weeks ago, and — (NURSING, 2011–19) A. so I did B. so I was C. so I had D. so did I  ✅ 🔹  Correct Answer: D 🔸  Explanation: Affirmative agreement in the past simple tense:Structure → So + did + subject Example: My half-brother visited Cox's Bazar; so did  I.     Test Yourself – Negative and Affirmative Agreement 01. He did not write to me, nor —. A. he telephoned B. did he telephone  ✅C. did he telephoneD. has not telephoned Explanation: Negative agreement with inversion after "nor" → nor + auxiliary verb + subject Correct: nor did he telephone 02. "I won’t be late." The correct response may be — A. So do I B. Me neither  ✅C. I tooD. Nor am I Explanation: Responding to a negative statement → Me neither  or Neither do I is correct. "So do I" is affirmative. 03. She can’t drive and — A. can her husband neitherB. her husband can neither C. neither can her husband  ✅D. can neither her husband Explanation: Negative agreement with inversion → neither + auxiliary verb + subject 04. She won’t be going to the party, and — A. her friends will notB. her friends will neitherC. neither her friends will D. neither will her friends  ✅ Explanation: Negative agreement with inversion → neither + auxiliary verb + subject 05. She was very exhausted and — A. the other were soB. the others were alsoC. were so the others D. so were the others  ✅ Explanation: Affirmative agreement with "so" + auxiliary + subject 06. He didn’t hurt the people —A. nor did he cheat them  ✅B. he didn’t cheat themC. he never cheats themD. never did he cheat them Explanation: Negative agreement using "nor" + auxiliary + subject 07. Kamal does not enjoy reading science fiction; — A. his brother doesn’t neitherB. nor his brother doesC. neither his brother does D. his brother doesn’t either  ✅ Explanation: Negative agreement using either  after negative statement 08. Kamal does not tell a lie — A. he doesn’t cheat othersB. not he cheats othersC. neither does he cheat others D. nor does he cheat others  ✅ Explanation: Negative agreement with "nor" + auxiliary + subject 09. Which of the following is acceptable in standard written English? A. Seldom did I saw such an awesome scenery.B. Seldom I saw such an awesome scenery. C. Seldom did I see such an awesome scenery.  ✅D. Seldom I have seen such an awesome scenery. Explanation: After "seldom," inversion is needed; use base verb "see" not past "saw" 10. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. She took pictures, and I did so.B. She took pictures, and so I did.C. She took pictures, and I did also. D. She took pictures, and so did I.  ✅ Explanation: Affirmative agreement with "so + auxiliary + subject"       Questions: 1. Technically, glass is a mineral and --- a) so is water b) water is so c) so water is d) water so 2. They are engrossed in studies and --- a) so do I b) so I am c) so am I d) I 3. My friend does not like sweets. --- do I. a) neither b) either c) or d) so 4. My friend does not like terrorism and --- a) neither do I b) neither I do c) I do d) I do either 5. You like chocolate --- a) and me too b) and I too c) and so do I d) and I do 6. Neptune is an extremely cold planet, and --- a) So does Uranus b) Uranus so c) So is Uranus d) So has Uranus 7. She was very exhausted and --- a) the other were so b) the others were also c) were so the others d) so were the others 8. Kamal does not tell a lie, --- he doesn't cheat others. a) not he cheats others b) neither does he cheat others c) nor does he cheat others d) nor he cheats others 9. "I won't be late." The correct response may be a) "So do I" b) "Me neither" c) "I too" d) "Nor am I!" 10. Rajshahi relies heavily on income from fruit crops, --- a) and so is Dinajpur b) and so are other districts c) and so is Chittagong d) and so does Dinajpur 11. Times have changed and so --- a) we have b) we are c) have we d) are we 12. A: I cannot drive a car. B: a) Neither can't I b) So can't I c) Neither can I d) So can I 13. "She likes cooking." The correct response is: a) "Me neither" b) "So am I" c) "So do I" d) "Neither am I" 14. Soma wants to go home and: a) so we are b) so want c) so do we d) we do so 15. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and --- a) so does Florida b) Florida too c) Florida also d) Florida is as well 16. My family members do not like coffee and --- a) either don't I b) I do neither c) neither do I d) neither don't I 17. The promising boy did not spoil a single moment, --- develop any bad habit. a) nor did he b) neither does he c) none but d) never was he 18. He did not write to me, nor --- a) he telephoned b) did he telephone c) telephoned d) has not telephoned Answers With Explanation: 1. a) so is water (Affirmative Agreement with 'be' verb: "and + so + verb + subject". Glass is..., so is water. গ্লাসের মতো পানিও মিনারেল।) 2. c) so am I (Affirmative Agreement with 'be' verb 'are'. "So + am + I". তারা পড়াশোনায় মগ্ন এবং আমিও।) 3. a) neither (Negative Agreement. "Neither + auxiliary + subject". আমার বন্ধু মিষ্টি পছন্দ করে না, আমিও না।) 4. a) neither do I (Negative Agreement with 'do' verb. "Neither + do + I". সে সন্ত্রাসবাদ পছন্দ করে না, আমিও না।) 5. c) and so do I (Affirmative Agreement with main verb 'like'. "and + so + do + I". তুমি চকলেট পছন্দ কর এবং আমিও।) 6. c) So is Uranus (First clause has 'is', so the agreement uses 'is'. নেপচুন ঠান্ডা গ্রহ এবং ইউরেনাসও।) 7. d) so were the others (Past tense 'was' becomes 'were' for plural subject 'others'. "So + were + the others". সে ক্লান্ত ছিল এবং বাকিরাও।) 8. c) nor does he cheat others (Negative addition. "Nor + auxiliary + subject". সে মিথ্যা বলে না, এবং প্রতারণাও করে না। Note: 'Neither' is usually paired with 'nor' or used alone, but here 'Nor' connects the clause with inversion.) 9. b) "Me neither" (Informal response to a negative statement ("won't"). Formal: "Neither will I". "Me neither" is common in spoken English. আমিও দেরি করব না।) 10. d) and so does Dinajpur (First clause has main verb 'relies' (Present Simple), so auxiliary 'does' is used. রাজশাহী নির্ভর করে এবং দিনাজপুরও।) 11. c) have we (Present Perfect 'have changed' requires 'have' in agreement. সময় বদলেছে এবং আমরাও।) 12. c) Neither can I (Negative statement with modal 'cannot'. Response uses "Neither + can + I". আমি গাড়ি চালাতে পারি না, বি-ও পারে না।) 13. c) "So do I" (Statement has 'likes' (Present Simple). Agreement uses 'do'. সে রান্না পছন্দ করে, আমিও।) 14. c) so do we ('Wants' is Present Simple. Agreement uses 'do'. সোমা বাড়ি যেতে চায় এবং আমরাও।) 15. a) so does Florida ('Relies' is Present Simple. Agreement uses 'does'. ক্যালিফোর্নিয়া নির্ভর করে এবং ফ্লোরিডাও।) 16. c) neither do I (Negative statement 'do not like'. Agreement: "Neither + do + I". তারা কফি পছন্দ করে না, আমিও না।) 17. a) nor did he (Negative continuation in past tense. "Nor + did + he". সে সময় নষ্ট করেনি, এবং কোনো খারাপ অভ্যাসও গড়ে তোলেনি।) 18. b) did he telephone (Inversion after 'nor'. "Nor + did + he + verb". সে আমাকে লেখেওনি, ফোনও করেনি। Note: Source key suggests 'c', but 'b' is grammatically correct.) AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE AGREEMENT Questions 1. Times have changed and so — [সহকারী জজ-১৮] A. I have B. I had C. had I D. have I Ans: D (Explanation: The first clause uses the Present Perfect Tense ("have changed"). In affirmative agreement with "so", the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. Therefore, " so have I " is the correct structure.) 2. Times have changed and so — [রেলওয়ে-১৩] A. we have B. we are C. have we D. are we Ans: C (Explanation: Similar to the previous question, the auxiliary "have" is used. The inverted structure is " so have we ".) 3. Technically, glass is a mineral and —. [RU 11-12] A. so is water B. water is so C. so water is D. water so Ans: A (Explanation: The main verb is "is". Affirmative agreement requires "so" + auxiliary/be verb + subject. Correct: " so is water ".) 4. Peter can't go and I can't — [রেলওয়ে-১৩] A. neither B. too C. also D. either Ans: D (Explanation: When a negative statement is repeated or agreed with using the same auxiliary ("can't"), " either " is placed at the end of the sentence. "Neither" comes at the beginning of a clause (e.g., "neither can I").) 5. They are engrossed in studies and — (তারা পড়াশোনায় নিবিষ্ট আছে আর আমিও তাই) [CU 18-19] A. so do I B. so I am C. so am I D. so did I Ans: C (Explanation: The first clause uses the verb "are" (to be). The agreement must use the corresponding form of "to be" for the new subject "I", which is "am". Inversion applies: " so am I ".) 6. He is hard working and — [DU 15-16] A. I am so B. so I am C. so am I D. I too am Ans: C (Explanation: Affirmative agreement with "be" verb: " so am I ".) 7. One ought to cooperate with one's neighbours when they are in trouble, and —. [CU D3 15-16] A. neither do they B. so do they C. so they do D. vice versa Ans: D (Explanation: While "so should they" would be the grammatical agreement, " vice versa " logically implies the reverse relationship is also true (neighbours should also cooperate with one), which fits the context of mutual cooperation best.) 8. Select the correct sentence. [আমার বোন গীবত/পরনিন্দা পছন্দ করে না এবং আমিও না] [JnU 15-16] A. My sister does not like backbiting and I do either. B. My sister does not like backbiting and neither I do. C. My sister does not like backbiting and neither do I. D. My sister does not like backbiting and I do. Ans: C (Explanation: For negative agreement, we use " neither " + auxiliary + subject. Correct: " neither do I ".) 9. My friend does not like sweets. '— do I.' [RU 15-16] A. neither B. either C. or D. so Ans: A (Explanation: Negative agreement requires " neither " at the beginning of the tag.) 10. Pioneer men and women suffered terrible hardships, and — [CU 06-07] A. also did the children B. also the children C. so do the children D. so did their children Ans: D (Explanation: The verb "suffered" is in the Past Indefinite Tense. The auxiliary for agreement is " did ". Structure: " so did their children ".) 11. Which one of the following is correct? [DU 00-01] A. Pioneer man and women endured terrible hardships, and so do their children. B. Pioneer man and women endured terrible hardships, and neither did the children. C. Pioneer man and women endured terrible hardships, and also the children. D. Pioneer man and women endured terrible hardships, and so did their children. Ans: D (Explanation: "Endured" is past tense, so the agreement uses " did ". Positive statement -> Positive agreement with " so ".) 12. My friend does not like terrorism and — [DU 04-05] My parents don't like coffee, and —. [CU 11-12] A. neither do I B. neither I do C. I do D. I do either Ans: A (Explanation: Negative statement -> Negative agreement: " neither do I ".) 13. If you don't do it, I won't do it — [BU 14-15] A. too B. also C. just D. either Ans: D (Explanation: "Won't" is negative. Agreement at the end of the sentence requires " either ".) 14. A: I can't ride a bike. B: — [IU 11-12] A. Neither can't I B. So can't I C. Neither can I D. So can I Ans: C (Explanation: Negative agreement. "Neither" + auxiliary + subject. " Neither can I ".) 15. "She likes cooking." The correct response is: [JU 15-16] A. "So am I" B. "So do I" C. "Me neither" D. "Neither am I" Ans: B (Explanation: "Likes" is Present Indefinite. The auxiliary is "do". Correct response: " So do I ".) 16. My half-brother visited Cox's Bazaar a couple of weeks ago, and — [CU 12-13] A. so I did B. so I was C. so I had D. so do I E. so did I Ans: E (Explanation: "Visited" is Past Tense. Agreement uses " did ". Structure: " so did I ".) 17. You like chocolate — [CU 09-10] A. and me too B. and I too C. and so do I D. and I do Ans: C (Explanation: Affirmative agreement: " and so do I ".) 18. I can remember all their names — my sister. [KU 11-12] A. and so can B. and so does C. and so might D. and so may Ans: A (Explanation: The modal used is " can ". Agreement must use the same modal: " and so can ".) 19. My friend believes that research is a group effort and — do I. [JU 13-14] A. as B. the same C. so D. too Ans: C (Explanation: Structure: " so " + auxiliary + subject.) 20. Runa can't type well, and her sister — [CU 12-13] A. can either B. also C. neither can D. either can't E. can't either Ans: E (Explanation: Negative agreement at the end of a clause: auxiliary + not + " either ". " Her sister can't either ".) 21. My family members do not like coffee and — [CU 12-13] A. either don't I B. I do neither C. neither do I D. neither don't I Ans: C (Explanation: Standard negative agreement: " neither do I ".) 22. Most foreign students don't like American coffee, and —. [RU 06-07, NCC Bank-11] A. neither do I B. neither I do C. I do neither D. neither don't I Ans: A (Explanation: " Neither do I " is the correct inverted structure for negative agreement.) 23. Neptune is an extremely cold planet, and — [IU 10-11] A. So does Uranus B. Uranus so C. So is Uranus D. So has Uranus Ans: C (Explanation: The verb is "is". Agreement uses " is ". " So is Uranus ".) 24. He does not like vegetables, neither — I. [BRUR 09-10] A. like B. prefer C. do D. does Ans: C (Explanation: The auxiliary in the first clause is "does" (Present Simple). For "I", the auxiliary is " do ".) 25. I didn't know the answer, and — (আমি প্রশ্নটির উত্তর জানতাম না আর সেও না) [SUST 06-07] A. neither did he B. he didn't too C. nor does he D. he does not either Ans: A (Explanation: Past negative ("didn't know"). Agreement: " neither did he ".) 26. She is a painter and — [IU 17-18] A. he so B. so he is C. so is he D. none of the above Ans: C (Explanation: "Is" requires " so is he ".) 27. Shuvo has admission test today, and — Kakoli. [CU 15-16] A. too has B. so has C. too does D. so does Ans: B  (or D) (Explanation: "Has" is the main verb here. In British English, "so has" is often acceptable. In American English, "so does" is preferred. Given the source key usually follows traditional rules found in local textbooks, B  is the indicated answer.) 28. He behaved so nicely with me. And so — (সে খুব ভালো আচরণ করল আর আমিও তাই) [JUST 16-17] A. I behaved B. I did C. I too D. did I Ans: D (Explanation: Past tense "behaved" -> " did ". Inversion: " and so did I ".) 29. He did not remember and — (সে মনে করিনি আর আমিও করিনি) [CU 13-14] A. hither I did not B. not either I did C. neither I did D. neither did I Ans: D (Explanation: Negative past. " Neither did I ".) 30. California relies heavily on income from fruit crops, and — [COU 09-10] A. so does Florida B. Florida too C. Florida also D. Florida is as well Ans: A (Explanation: "Relies" is Present Simple. Auxiliary "does". " So does Florida ".) 31. Rajshahi relies heavily on income from fruit crops, —. [CU 18-19] A. and so is Dinajpur B. and so are other districts C. and so is Chittagong D. and so does Dinajpur Ans: D (Explanation: "Relies" takes "does". " And so does Dinajpur ".) 32. My brother doesn't like coffee, — [CU 12-13] A. and I do neither B. and so do I C. and neither do I D. and neither do Ans: C (Explanation: Negative agreement: " and neither do I ".) 33. The promising boy did not spoil a single moment, — develop any bad habit. [CU 16-17] A. nor did he B. none but C. neither does he D. never was he Ans: A (Explanation: Continuation of a negative past idea. " Nor did he ".) 34. A good number of adolescents do not socialize, — [CU 17-18] A. they neither build up the career B. nor do they build up the career C. nor they build up the career D. hardly they build up the career Ans: B (Explanation: Inverted order after "nor": " nor do they build ...".) 35. He did not write to me, nor —. (সে আমাকে চিঠি লিখেনি, ফোনও করেনি) [CU 05-06] A. he telephoned B. telephoned C. did he telephone D. has not telephoned Ans: C (Explanation: " Nor " triggers inversion. " Nor did he telephone ".) 36. "I won't be late." The correct response may be — [JU 11-12] A. "So do I" B. "Me neither" C. "I too" D. "Nor am I!" Ans: B (Explanation: "Me neither" is a common informal way to agree with a negative statement. Technically "Neither will I" is formal, but " Me neither " is the correct choice among options.) 37. This problem does not concern him, nor — it — you. [CU 05-06] A. is, concern B. does, concern C. do, concern D. does, concerns Ans: B (Explanation: "Does not concern" (Present Simple). Inversion after "nor": " nor does it concern  you".) 38. She can't drive and — [CU 14-15] A. can her husband neither B. her husband can neither C. neither can her husband D. can neither her husband Ans: C (Explanation: Negative agreement: " neither can her husband ".) 39. She won't be going to the party, and — [CU 08-09] A. her friends will not B. her friends will neither C. neither her friends will D. neither will her friends Ans: D (Explanation: Future negative ("won't" = will not). Agreement: " neither will her friends ".) 40. She was very exhausted and — (সে খুব ক্লান্ত ছিল এবং অন্যরাও তাই ছিল) [CU 12-13] A. the other were so B. the others were also C. were so the others D. so were the others Ans: D (Explanation: "Was" (be verb). Subject "others" is plural -> "were". Inversion: " so were the others ".) 41. He didn't hurt the people, — (সে লোকজনকে আঘাতও দেয়নি আর প্রতারণাও করেনি) [CU 12-13] A. nor did he cheat them B. he didn't cheat them C. he never cheats them D. never did he cheat them Ans: A (Explanation: Negative continuation with inversion: " nor did he cheat them ".) 42. Kamal does not enjoy reading science fictions; — [CU 12-13] A. his brother doesn't neither B. nor his brother does C. neither his brother does D. his brother doesn't either Ans: D (Explanation: Negative agreement at the end of the clause: " his brother doesn't either ".) 43. Kamal does not tell a lie, — (কামাল না মিথ্যা বলে, না অন্যদেরকে ঠকায়) [CU 14-15] A. he doesn't cheat others B. neither does he cheat others C. not he cheats others D. nor does he cheat others Ans: D (Explanation: "Does not... nor..." structure. " Nor does he cheat others ".) 44. Which of the following is acceptable in standard written English? [CU 11-12] A. Seldom did I saw such an awesome scenery. B. Seldom I saw such an awesome scenery. C. Seldom did I see such an awesome scenery. D. Seldom I have seen such an awesome scenery. Ans: C (Explanation: Sentences starting with negative adverbs like " Seldom " require inversion. Structure: Seldom + Auxiliary (did) + Subject (I) + Base Verb (see). " Seldom did I see ...".) 45. ওরা সমস্যার সমাধান করতে পারেনি, আমরাও পারিনি। [RU 05-06] A. They could not solve the problem, we could not either. B. They could not solve the problem, neither could not we. C. They could not solve the problem, also we could not. D. They could not solve the problem and we could not neither. Ans: A (Explanation: "We could not either " is the correct structure for agreeing with a negative statement at the end of a clause.) 46. Which of the following sentence is correct? [DU 04-05] A. She took pictures, and I did so. B. She took pictures, and so I did. C. She took pictures, and I did also. D. She took pictures, and so did I. Ans: D (Explanation: Affirmative agreement with "so" requires inversion. " and so did I ".) 47. Find out the correct sentence. (আমি এ ব্যাপারে দুশ্চিন্তিত, এবং সেও তাই) [RU 08-09] A. I am worried about it, and also he is. B. I am worried about it, and so is he. C. I am worried about it, and also is he. D. As I am worried about it, so he is. Ans: B (Explanation: Agreement with "am" (be verb). Inversion: " and so is he ".)

Conditional Sentences Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Conditional Exercise 4.1 Use (first / second / third conditionals) 1. (First conditional) If we (not / work) harder, we (not pass) the exam. 2. (Third conditional) If the students (not be) late for the exam, they (pass). 3. (Third conditional) If the weather (not be) so cold, we (go) to the beach. 4. (Second conditional) If she (have) her laptop with her, she (email) me. 5. (First conditional) If she (not go) to the meeting, I (not go) either. 6. (Third conditional) If the baby (sleep) better last night, I (not be) so tired. 7. (First conditional) If the teacher (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I (not be) happy. 8. (Second conditional) If Lucy _ (have) enough time, she (travel) more. 9. (First conditional) If the children (not eat) soon, they (be) grumpy. 10. (First conditional) If I (not go) to bed soon, I (be) tired in the morning. 11. (Second conditional) If I (want) a new car, I (buy) one. 12. (Second conditional) If José (not speak) good French, he (not move) to Paris. 13. (First conditional) If John (drink) too much coffee, he (get) ill. 14. (Third conditional) If we (tidy) our flat, we (not lose) our keys. 15. (Third conditional) If Luke (not send) flowers to his mother, she (not be) happy. 16. (Second conditional) If the children (be) in bed, I (be able to) have a bath. 17. (Second conditional) If you (not be) so stubborn, we (not have) so many arguments! 18. (Third conditional) If Julie (not go) to Sweden, she (go) to Germany. 19. (First conditional) If she (go) to the library, she (study) more. 20. (Third conditional) If we (not have) an argument, we (not be) late. 21. (Second conditional) If you (arrive) early, it (be) less stressful. 22. (Third conditional) If I _ (not go) to the party, I (not meet) Amanda. 23. (Second conditional) If Julie (like) chocolate, I (give) her some. 24. (Second conditional) If Luke (live) in the UK, I (see) him more often. 25. (Third conditional) If the children (not eat) all that chocolate, they (feel) sick. 26. (First conditional) If they (not / arrive) soon, we (be) late. 27. (Third conditional) If she (study) Mandarin, she (go) to Beijing. 28. (Second conditional) If we _ (not be) so tired, we (go) out. 29. (First conditional) If you (buy) the present, I (wrap) it up. 30. (First conditional) If Lucy (not quit) her job soon, she (go) crazy.

Application Writing, Application writing for SSC examination, Email writing for HSC examination, Applications For the Examination written by the students

IELTS, IELTS preparation, Listening for IELTS, Reading for IELTS, Speaking for IELTS, Writing for IELTS, IELTS Preparation Contents Idea Builders Listening Reading writing Speaking Vocabulary Grammar Synonyms & Phraphrasing Better Writing Magic Synonyms / Paraphrasing for IELTS Updated Contents IELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening Click on the following link to get vocabulary on all important topics for IELTS TOPIC-BASED VOCABULARY ON ALL IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR IELTS Useful Websites & Resources for IELTS This page contains useful links to the best IELTS websites to help you develop your IELTS skills, IELTS information and tips as well as English language. These websites cover both the Academic and General Training IELTS tests with useful resources to help you practice at home. IELTS Official Websites The Official IELTS Website http://www.ielts.org/ British Council Website for IELTS (the BC is one of the three owners of IELTS) https://ielts.britishcouncil.org/ IDP Website for IELTS (IDP is one of the three owners of IELTS) http://www.idp.com Information about IELTS IELTS Frequently Asked Questions Answers to your questions about IELTS. Over 100 questions answered. Find an IELTS Test Center & Application Find a Test Center near You IELTS Test Dates IELTS Application Form Application information Free IELTS Practice Tests Online Authentic papers published by IELTS. IELTS Listening Practice Test IELTS Reading Practice Test: Academic IELTS Reading Practice Test: General Training IELTS Writing Practice Test: Academic IELTS Writing Practice Test: General Training IELTS Speaking Practice Test: Video with Model Answers IELTS Band Score Descriptors These are the assessment criteria for IELTS writing (both academic and general training) and speaking. Each marking criterion is explained for each band score. These public band scores are published by IELTS to help you understand the requirements of each band score and to learn how you are assessed by the examiner. IELTS Band Scores Explained (listening, reading, writing and speaking) IELTS Speaking: Public Band Score Descriptors IELTS Writing Task 2: Public Band Score Descriptors IELTS Writing Task 2: Band Scores Explained from 5 to 8 with Tips IELTS Writing Task 1: Public Band Score Descriptors IELTS Writing Task 1: Band Scores Explained from 5 to 8 with Tips IELTS Answer Sheets It is useful to practice doing a full test using the answer sheets before your test. Remember you get an extra 10 mins for transfering answers in listening but no extra time for transferring answers to the answer sheet in reading. Watch the tutorial about using the IELTS writing answer sheet before your test. IELTS Listening Answer Sheet IELTS Reading Answer Sheet IELTS Writing Answer Sheet Task 2 Answer Sheet Task 1 Answer Sheet