Modal Verb - Lesson -1 for University Admission Test, Job Application Test, BCS Exam and Any Competitive Examination
- Fakhruddin Babar
- 7 days ago
- 4 min read
Modal Verb
1. Primary Discussion (Modal)
Modal verb একধরনের auxiliary verb যেগুলো main verb এর পূর্বে বসে বিভিন্ন অর্থ প্রকাশ করে থাকে। এ ধরনের verb বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে সাধারণত likelihood (সম্ভাবনা), ability (সামর্থ্য), permission (অনুমতি), request (অনুরোধ), capacity (ধারণক্ষমতা), suggestion (পরামর্শ), order (আদেশ), obligation (বাধ্যবাধকতা), advice (উপদেশ) ইত্যাদি অর্থ প্রকাশ করে থাকে। Modal verb এর সাথে s/es/ing যুক্ত হয় না এবং এদের পরবর্তী main verb সচরাচর base form-এ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
2. Important Rules & Usage
A. Shall / Will / Would
সাধারণ ভবিষ্যৎ: shall/will ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: I shall go there. / Mahmuda will go there.
প্রতিজ্ঞা (Promise): will ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: I will be in right time.
আমন্ত্রণ (Invitation): would ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: Would you like to take breakfast?
B. Can / Could
বর্তমান সামর্থ্য (Ability): can ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: He can work hard.
অনুমতি (Permission): চাইতে বা দিতে can ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: Can I go now? / You can go now.
অতীতের স্থায়ী সামর্থ্য: Could ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: My grandfather could speak in five languages.
Could have + V3: অতীতে করার সামর্থ্য ছিল কিন্তু করা হয়নি।
Ex: You could have helped the poor. (করতে পারতে কিন্তু করোনি)।
C. May / Might
অনুমতি (Permission - Formal): may ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: May I come in, Sir? / You may go now.
সাধারণ সম্ভাবনা (Possibility): may ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: It may rain today.
সুদূর/ক্ষীণ সম্ভাবনা: might ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: Bangladesh might go under water within 100 years.
May/Might have + V3: অতীতের কোনো কাজ সম্পর্কে অনুমান।
Ex: You might have heard the name of Mohsin.
D. Should
সুপারিশ/উপদেশ (Recommendation): Should ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Ex: You should work harder.
সম্ভাব্যতা (Probability): যৌক্তিক ফলাফল।
Ex: She should be back tomorrow.
Past Obligation (অতীতের কর্তব্য): Should have + V3 (উচিত ছিল কিন্তু করা হয়নি)।
Ex: I should have phoned you.
E. Must
বাধ্যবাধকতা (Obligation): জোরালো কর্তব্য।
Ex: I must go now.
Logical Conclusion (বর্তমান): Must be + ing / adj.
Ex: He gets good grades; he must study a lot.
Ex: I see fire; something must be burning.
Logical Conclusion (অতীত): Must have + V3 (নিশ্চিত অনুমান)।
Ex: The pen is out of ink. Someone must have used it.
F. Would Rather
পছন্দ (Preference): দুটি জিনিসের মধ্যে একটিকে বেশি পছন্দ করা।
Structure: Subject + would rather + V1 + than + V1.
Ex: I would rather die than beg.
Negative: Subject + would rather + not + V1.
Ex: I would rather not take tea.
Unreal Past (Would rather that): অন্য কেউ কিছু করুক এমন চাওয়া।
Structure: Subject + would rather that + Subject + V2 (Past form).
Ex: I would rather that you stayed at home.
G. Had Better
উপদেশ/সতর্কবাণী (Advice/Warning): 'বরং ভালো' অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Structure: Subject + had better + V1 (Base form).
Ex: You had better leave now.
Negative: Had better + not + V1.
Ex: You had better not waste your time.
H. Need
As Main Verb: Tense অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
Ex: I need a car. / I need to go.
As Modal Verb: Negative/Interrogative বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এর পরে s/es বা to বসে না।
Ex: You need not go there.
Need not have + V3: না করলেও হতো (কিন্তু করা হয়েছে)।
Ex: You need not have woken me up.
Passive Meaning: বস্তুবাচক subject হলে need + V-ing অথবা need + to be + V3 হয়।
Ex: The grass needs cutting.
3. Modal Exercises (Previous Questions & Self Test)
01. Despite the lack of evidence, politicians ______ blaming the media for violence. [DU C-Unit: 13-14]
(A) do not resist
(B) will not have resisted
(C) may not resist
(D) cannot resist
Ans: (D) Explanation: 'Cannot resist' অর্থ সামলাতে না পারা বা বিরত থাকতে না পারা।
02. He ______ there, because he spent the evening here with me. [BSMRSTU-E: 15-16]
(A) may be
(B) can't be
(C) may have been
(D) could have been
Ans: (D) (Note: Contextually 'can't have been' is better, but D is the book answer suggesting possibility structure).
03. Although working conditions... _____ in the past few years... [CU: B1, 16-17]
(A) might improve
(B) may have improved
(C) can't have improved
(D) could improve
Ans: (B) Explanation: অতীতে উন্নতি হয়েছে বোঝাতে May have + V3.
04. Before you entered the classroom, you ______ the teacher's permission. [JKKNIU-B: 18-19]
(A) should have sought
(B) would have sought
(C) seek
(D) should seek
Ans: (A) Explanation: অতীতে করা উচিত ছিল বোঝাতে Should have + V3.
05. You think she is married? She ______ be, she hasn't got a ring... [DU-B: 01-02]
(A) shouldn't
(B) mustn't
(C) can't
(D) could
Ans: (C) Explanation: নেতিবাচক নিশ্চিত অনুমান বোঝাতে Can't be ব্যবহৃত হয়।
06. The streets are wet. It ______ last night. [DU-D: 14-15]
(A) had rained
(B) must have rained
(C) has rained
(D) would have rained
Ans: (B) Explanation: অতীতের নিশ্চিত অনুমান (রাস্তা ভেজা দেখে বোঝা যাচ্ছে) - Must have + V3.
07. It is a great sin to tell a lie. I ______ die than tell a lie. [IU-B: 19-20]
(A) would
(B) would rather
(C) had better
(D) should
Ans: (B) Explanation: Would rather... than (বরং... তবু)।
08. We had better ______ the schedule of the examination. [D-Unit: 14-15]
(A) to check
(B) checked
(C) checking
(D) check
Ans: (D) Explanation: Had better + Base form.
09. The people who badly ______ relief materials were gathering... [KU-A: 07-08]
(A) needed
(B) needing
(C) were needing
(D) were needed
Ans: (A) Explanation: এখানে need হলো Main verb (Past tense)।
10. Which ______ can be used as a modal and also as a main verb? [DU-HEC: 23-24]
(A) Mind
(B) Can
(C) Need
(D) Shall
Ans: (C)
11. It's a hospital. You ______ smoke. (Self Test)
(A) cannot
(B) need not
(C) may not
(D) must not
Ans: (D) (Prohibition/নিষেধ).
12. Yesterday we had ______ twenty minutes for a bus. (Self Test)
(A) wait
(B) to wait
(C) to waiting
(D) to waited
Ans: (B) (Had to - বাধ্যবাধকতা).
13. ______ a person be everywhere? (Self Test)
(A) Will
(B) Do
(C) Can
(D) Shall
Ans: (C) (সামর্থ্য বা সম্ভাবনা).
14. How ______ you break the rule? (Self Test)
(A) dares
(B) daring
(C) dared
(D) dare
Ans: (D) (Dare as Modal + V1).
Answers With Explanation:
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