Paragraph Writing GOOD MANNERS Good manners show a person’s inner goodness and education. When someone behaves gently, it makes the people around them feel good. A person with good manners can make a positive impact on others. There is a saying, "A tree is known by the fruits it bears, a man is known by the company he keeps," meaning that good people are recognized by their behavior. Good manners are often learned from family and the people around us. A child raised in a good, well-mannered home will likely learn to treat others with respect. On the other hand, bad company can lead to bad manners. That is why moral education is important. From an early age, children should be taught right from wrong, and guided to grow into honest, brave, and kind adults. The home is the best place for this learning. A person with good manners is polite, listens to others, and respects their opinions. They never use harsh words or hurt others. A person with bad manners is rude, interrupts, and disrespects others. No one likes a person with bad manners. Good manners make life easier and more pleasant. They are not just for rich people; anyone, regardless of their class, can have good manners. Good manners do not cost anything, but they bring love and respect from others. Composition / Essay Writing GOOD MANNERS Good manners are the external expressions of one's inner goodness and education. They generate good and welcome response. A gentle behaviour stirs the environment and a sensitive man or woman virtually responds to soothing behaviour from his or her counterpart. There is a saying, "A tree is known by the fruits it bears, a man is known by the company he keeps." Good manners can beget good manners. But different people of different levels behave in different ways, may be well and rude. Well developed societies show much regards or respects to their elders. Good manners can be inherited from good, educated and well-mannered or well-behaved families. So goes a wise saying, "A good company makes a man good while a bad one makes him bad." If anyone becomes accustomed to good manners or behaves well, he can under no circumstances misbehave with anyone. So moral education is all important. From their earliest years children must be taught the difference between right and wrong, and trained to love and follow what is right and hate and avoid what is wrong. So training means the formation of character on right lines. Its object is to bring children up in such a way that they will grow up to be truth -loving, honest, brave, pure-minded and unselfish men and women. The home is the best school for moral education. A good mannered man is polite and courteous. He respects the views and opinions of others although they differ from his own. He listens patiently to what others have to say. He neither usesharsh words to others nor does anything that may offend others. An ill-mannered man is rude and rough. He has no respect for the feeling of others. He tries to speak when another is speaking. He tries to thrust his offensive remarks. He shows bad manners in various ways. A man of unpolished manners is not liked by anyone. Everybody hates him. Good manners make life pleasant, smooth and easy. Hence man makes manners and manners make him real man. Good manners and civilisation are closely linked. Gold is always gold whether it is in possession of any rich or poor man. Good manners are not only confined to the upper classes of people. They may be found among all classes — rich or poor. Good manners do not cost anything but they gain for us love and respect. GOOD MANNERS Good manners are a reflection of a person’s character and education. They help create a positive environment and show respect for others. When someone behaves kindly and politely, it encourages others to do the same. There is a saying, “A tree is known by the fruits it bears, and a person is known by the company they keep.” This means that a person’s behavior can be seen in the people they spend time with. If someone is around good, well-mannered people, they are more likely to be polite as well. Good manners can be taught at home and are passed down through families. Children learn how to behave from their parents or guardians. If they grow up in a family where good manners are practiced, they will also learn to show respect and kindness to others. This is why it’s important to teach children the difference between right and wrong from an early age. By teaching them good values, we help them become honest, caring, and respectful adults. A person with good manners is polite, listens to others, and does not interrupt. They treat everyone with respect, even if they have different opinions. Good-mannered people don’t use harsh words or do anything that might upset others. On the other hand, people with bad manners are rude, interrupt others, and don’t care about how their words affect others. They are often disliked by others because of their behavior. Good manners make life easier and more pleasant. They help people get along with each other and create a peaceful environment. Good manners are not just for rich people or the upper class. Anyone, no matter their background, can have good manners. They don’t cost anything, but they bring respect and love from others. In the end, good manners are important because they help us live in harmony and make the world a better place. Translation: ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার একজন মানুষের অভ্যন্তরীণ শুদ্ধতা এবং শিক্ষার বাহ্যিক প্রকাশ। এগুলো ভালো এবং গ্রহণযোগ্য প্রতিক্রিয়া তৈরি করে। একটি নম্র আচরণ পরিবেশকে সজীব করে তোলে এবং একজন সংবেদনশীল পুরুষ বা নারী তার সঙ্গীর কাছ থেকে প্রশান্ত আচরণের প্রতি প্রকৃতভাবে প্রতিক্রিয়া দেখায়। একটি প্রবাদ আছে, "গাছটি তার ফল দ্বারা পরিচিত, একজন মানুষ তার সঙ্গীর দ্বারা পরিচিত।" ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার ভালো আচার-ব্যবহারকেই জন্ম দিতে পারে। তবে বিভিন্ন স্তরের মানুষ বিভিন্নভাবে আচরণ করে, হয়তো ভালো অথবা রূঢ়। ভালোভাবে উন্নত সমাজগুলি তাদের প্রবীণদের প্রতি অনেক শ্রদ্ধা এবং সম্মান দেখায়। ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার ভালো, শিক্ষিত এবং শালীন পরিবার থেকে উত্তরাধিকারসূত্রে প্রাপ্ত হতে পারে। একটি প্রবাদ আছে, "ভালো সঙ্গী একজন মানুষকে ভালো করে তোলে, আর খারাপ সঙ্গী তাকে খারাপ করে তোলে।" যদি কেউ ভালো আচার-ব্যবহারে অভ্যস্ত হয়ে যায়, তাহলে সে কখনোই কারো সঙ্গে খারাপ আচরণ করতে পারে না। তাহলে নৈতিক শিক্ষাই সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। তাদের প্রাথমিক বছরগুলো থেকে শিশুকে সঠিক এবং ভুলের মধ্যে পার্থক্য শেখানো উচিত এবং তাদের সঠিককে ভালোবাসতে এবং অনুসরণ করতে এবং ভুলকে ঘৃণা করতে এবং পরিহার করতে প্রশিক্ষণ দেওয়া উচিত। তাই প্রশিক্ষণ মানে সঠিক দিশায় চরিত্র গঠন করা। এর উদ্দেশ্য হলো এমনভাবে শিশুদের বড় করা যাতে তারা সত্যপ্রিয়, সৎ, সাহসী, নির্মল মনের এবং নিরহংকারী পুরুষ এবং নারী হয়ে ওঠে। বাড়ি হলো নৈতিক শিক্ষার জন্য সেরা স্কুল। একজন ভালো আচার-ব্যবহারকারী মানুষ বিনয়ী এবং অভ্যর্থনাপূর্ণ। তিনি অন্যদের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি এবং মতামত সম্মান করেন, যদিও সেগুলি তার নিজের মতের সঙ্গে ভিন্ন। তিনি ধৈর্য সহকারে অন্যদের বলার কথা শোনেন। তিনি অন্যদের প্রতি খারাপ শব্দ ব্যবহার করেন না এবং এমন কিছু করেন না যা অন্যদের আঘাত করতে পারে। একজন খারাপ আচার-ব্যবহারকারী মানুষ রূঢ় এবং খারাপ। তার অন্যদের অনুভূতির প্রতি কোনো শ্রদ্ধা নেই। যখন অন্য কেউ কথা বলছে, তখন সে কথা বলতে চায়। সে তার অপমানজনক মন্তব্য চাপিয়ে দেয়। সে বিভিন্নভাবে খারাপ আচার-ব্যবহার প্রদর্শন করে। একজন অশিক্ষিত মানুষকে কেউ ভালোবাসে না। সবাই তাকে ঘৃণা করে। ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার জীবনকে আনন্দময়, মসৃণ এবং সহজ করে তোলে। অতএব, মানুষ আচার-ব্যবহার তৈরি করে এবং আচার-ব্যবহার তাকে প্রকৃত মানুষ করে তোলে। ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার এবং সভ্যতা একে অপরের সঙ্গে গভীরভাবে সংযুক্ত। সোনালী ধাতু সোনাই থাকে, সেটা যে ধনী বা গরীব মানুষের কাছেই হোক না কেন। ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার শুধু উচ্চবিত্ত শ্রেণির মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ নয়। এটি সকল শ্রেণির মানুষের মধ্যে পাওয়া যায় — ধনী বা গরীব। ভালো আচার-ব্যবহার কোনো খরচে পড়ে না, তবে এটি আমাদের ভালোবাসা এবং শ্রদ্ধা অর্জন করে। Vocabulary: a vocabulary list related to the essay "Good Manners," with English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings: English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Good manners ভালো আচরণ अच्छे शिष्टाचार Inner goodness অন্তরের ভালোবাসা आंतरिक अच्छाई Education শিক্ষা शिक्षा Behaves gently মৃদুভাবে আচরণ করা नरम व्यवहार करना Positive impact ইতিবাচক প্রভাব सकारात्मक प्रभाव Company সঙ্গ संगति Moral education নৈতিক শিক্ষা नैतिक शिक्षा Right from wrong সঠিক ও ভুলের মধ্যে পার্থক্য सही और गलत में अंतर Honest সত্‍ ईमानदार Brave সাহসী बहादुर Respect সম্মান सम्मान Rude রূঢ় रूखा Interrupt বাধা দেয়া बीच में बोलना Harsh words কঠোর শব্দ कठोर शब्द Misbehave খারাপ আচরণ করা बुरा व्यवहार करना Training প্রশিক্ষণ प्रशिक्षण Character formation চরিত্র গঠন चरित्र निर्माण Pure-minded নিষ্কলুষ মন निष्कलुष मन Unselfish স্বার্থহীন निःस्वार्थ Polite ভদ্র शिष्ट Courteous বিনয়ী विनम्र Offensive remarks আক্রমণাত্মক মন্তব্য अपमानजनक टिप्पणी Ill-mannered খারাপ আচরণ बुरे शिष्टाचार वाला Rough খসখসে खुरदुरा Unpolished অপটু अप्रशिक्षित Smooth মসৃণ चिकना Civilisation সভ্যতা सभ्यता Gold সোনা सोना Confined সীমাবদ্ধ सीमित Gain লাভ प्राप्त करना Love and respect ভালোবাসা ও সম্মান प्यार और सम्मान Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Global Warming Global warming means the rise in the Earth’s temperature over time. It happens because of the increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and others in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, making the planet hotter. The main causes of global warming are human activities. Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas for energy releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the air. Cutting down trees also makes the problem worse because trees absorb carbon dioxide. Factories, vehicles, and agriculture also add to the problem by releasing harmful gases. Global warming has many bad effects on the planet. It causes ice to melt in the polar regions, which raises the sea level. As a result, low-lying areas may flood, forcing people to leave their homes. Global warming also makes weather more extreme. We see more heatwaves, storms, and droughts in many parts of the world. It also harms animals and plants, as they struggle to survive in changing conditions. To stop global warming, we need to reduce the use of fossil fuels and switch to clean energy like solar and wind power. Planting more trees can also help because they absorb carbon dioxide. Governments and individuals should work together to save energy, recycle waste, and protect the environment. Global warming is a serious problem, but we can fight it by taking small steps together. Everyone must act now to save the Earth for future generations. Global Warming Global warming, the rising temperature of the Earth, is a major concern facing humanity, with the potential to cause numerous problems. Recent reports have highlighted a significant transformation in the world's climate, with temperatures steadily increasing. There are several reasons for global warming. Firstly, it is mainly caused by the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, resulting in the greenhouse effect. This effect traps heat from the sun, leading to a gradual warming of the air and Earth. Secondly, activities such as deforestation, traffic congestion, and industrial expansion also contribute to global warming. Thirdly, the use of chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and manufacturing further intensifies the problem. However, the primary culprits are carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels and forests, along with pollutants like methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that temperatures could rise by up to 4 degrees Celsius in the next century, posing a severe threat to the environment. Immediate action is necessary to address global warming. This includes planting more trees to reduce carbon emissions, minimizing the release of carbon dioxide, and protecting wildlife to ensure our survival. Efforts to combat global warming are essential for safeguarding the planet and preserving a habitable environment for future generations. Model Answer-2 Global Warming The escalating temperature of the earth, popularly known as global warming, is now recognized as the most critical issue confronting humanity as it has the potential to cause numerous problems. In recent years, several alarming reports have drawn attention to the fact that the world's climate is undergoing a significant transformation. These reports indicate a clear indication that global temperatures are rising every day. There are various reasons for global warming. Firstly, it is predominantly caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Most climate scientists hold the view that the greenhouse effect is a significant contributing factor to global warming. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane cover the earth with a layer that traps the heat of the sun inside the layer. This gradual warming of the air and earth is causing the increase in temperature. Secondly, global warming is also caused by activities such as deforestation, traffic congestion, and the rapid expansion of industries. Thirdly, the use of chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and the manufacturing of commercial products intensify the global temperature. However, the primary culprits responsible for global warming are carbon dioxide gas (CO2) produced by burning fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists have predicted that temperatures may rise by up to 4 degrees Celsius in the next century. The continuous increase of carbon dioxide levels poses a severe threat to the environment. If deforestation persists, coastal lands will be submerged underwater in the near future. Immediate steps are required to address global warming. These include planting more trees to reduce carbon emissions, minimizing the release of carbon dioxide gas, and safeguarding wildlife to preserve our existence. Model Answer-3 Global Warming Global warming is a significant environmental issue caused primarily by human activities. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production releases large amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature—a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect. Deforestation is another major contributor to global warming as trees absorb CO2 and their removal reduces the Earth's capacity to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Additionally, industrial processes, agriculture, and waste management practices release methane and nitrous oxide, two potent greenhouse gases, further exacerbating the problem. The effects of global warming are wide-ranging and profound. Rising temperatures lead to melting glaciers and ice caps, causing sea levels to rise. This, in turn, threatens coastal communities and low-lying areas with flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns disrupt ecosystems, affecting plant and animal species' habitats and migration patterns. More frequent and intense extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, heatwaves, and wildfires, are becoming increasingly common, posing risks to human lives, infrastructure, agriculture, and economies. Moreover, global warming contributes to ocean acidification as excess CO2 dissolves in seawater, threatening marine life, coral reefs, and fisheries. Furthermore, global warming exacerbates existing environmental and societal challenges, including air and water pollution, food and water scarcity, health issues, and geopolitical tensions over dwindling resources. Vulnerable populations, such as the poor, elderly, and marginalized communities, bear the brunt of these impacts, facing heightened risks of displacement, food insecurity, and health problems. Addressing global warming requires collective action at local, national, and international levels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, promote sustainable land use and resource management practices, enhance resilience to climate impacts, and foster equitable and inclusive solutions. By taking concerted efforts to mitigate and adapt to global warming, we can safeguard our planet and create a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come. Composition / Essay Writing Global Warming The rising temperature of the Earth, known as global warming, is a significant concern facing humanity due to its potential to cause various problems. In recent years, alarming reports have highlighted the significant changes in the world's climate, with temperatures steadily increasing. There are several reasons for global warming. Firstly, the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels and deforestation, is a major factor. This leads to the greenhouse effect, where gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat from the sun, gradually warming the Earth's surface. Secondly, human activities such as deforestation, traffic congestion, and industrial expansion also contribute to global warming. Thirdly, the use of chlorofluorocarbons in packaging and manufacturing further intensifies the problem. Climatologists warn that temperatures could rise by up to 4 degrees Celsius in the next century if carbon dioxide levels continue to increase unchecked. This poses a severe threat to the environment, with consequences such as coastal lands being submerged underwater due to rising sea levels. Urgent action is needed to address global warming. Measures include planting more trees to absorb carbon dioxide, reducing carbon emissions, and protecting wildlife to maintain ecological balance. It is crucial for governments, industries, and individuals to work together to combat global warming. This may involve investing in renewable energy sources, promoting energy efficiency, and implementing policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, raising awareness about the importance of conservation and adopting sustainable practices can contribute to mitigating the effects of global warming. By taking proactive steps now, we can help prevent further damage to the planet and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come. GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is a pressing issue that affects the entire planet. It refers to the gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This phenomenon has far-reaching consequences for the environment, ecosystems, and human societies. Several factors contribute to global warming, with human activities being the primary cause. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural practices also release significant amounts of greenhouse gases, exacerbating the problem. These gases trap heat from the sun, preventing it from escaping back into space and causing the Earth's temperature to rise. The effects of global warming are already being felt around the world. Rising temperatures lead to melting ice caps and glaciers, resulting in sea level rise and coastal flooding. Extreme weather events such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and droughts become more frequent and severe, causing widespread devastation and loss of life. Shifts in climate patterns disrupt ecosystems, threatening biodiversity and food security. Additionally, warmer temperatures can contribute to the spread of diseases and the extinction of species. Addressing global warming requires collective action on a global scale. One solution is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Investing in energy efficiency measures and implementing policies to limit carbon emissions from industries and transportation are also crucial steps. Additionally, protecting and restoring forests, which act as natural carbon sinks, can help absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Individuals can also contribute to mitigating global warming by making simple lifestyle changes. Reducing energy consumption by using energy-efficient appliances, carpooling or using public transportation, and conserving water can all help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Planting trees, supporting renewable energy initiatives, and advocating for sustainable policies are other ways individuals can make a difference. In conclusion, global warming is a complex and urgent issue that requires immediate action. By understanding its causes, effects, and potential solutions, we can work together to address this global challenge and safeguard the planet for future generations. Through collective efforts at the local, national, and international levels, we can mitigate the impacts of climate change and create a more sustainable and resilient world. GLOBAL WARMING Sunlight is the source of life. Most of the heat in the world comes from the sun. During the daytime, sunlight comes to the earth and some of its heat is absorbed by the earth and the rest goes back into the atmosphere. After entering the atmosphere, part of this heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour present in the atmosphere and the rest is absorbed into the universe. During the night when there is no sunlight, the world survives from severe cold by the heat that was absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour during the daytime. At night, carbon dioxide and water vapour releases this heat to the earth. Without this carbon dioxide and water vapour, severe colder temperatures would cool the earth, and survival of life would be impossible. This water vapour and carbon dioxide process usually balances the temperature of the world and ensures survival. Besides carbon dioxide and water vapour, there are other gases in the atmosphere, such as methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs, which also absorb heat. However, due to the relatively recent increase of the concentration of these gases and water vapour in the atmosphere, the temperature of the world is rising gradually. If the temperature of the world increases too much, survival of life on earth could be jeopardized. Causes of Global Warming: Excess emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) cause global warming. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas and about three-fourths of the emission are due to fossil fuel consumption, apart from the gas we release during respiration. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas released when bacteria decomposes organic matter. About a quarter of global methane emissions are due to human activities such as livestock rearing and agriculture. Beside these two gases Nitrous oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perflurocarbons (PFCs), Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are also important as greenhouse gases. Deforestation is also an important factor in global warming. Trees remove CO2 from the air, and destruction of trees is causing more CO2 to accumulate in the air. The following chart shows the cumulative carbon dioxide emission of 1990-1999. Effects of Global Warming: Over the last 100 years the average temperature of the earth has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 degree Celsius on average (PANOS 2000). Due to global warming the temperature of the earth’s surface over the next 100 years may rise by an additional 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius. Some reports predict hotter times. * This may cause sea level rise by 15 cm to 95 cm according to the latest IPCC report (Daily Star June 3, 2002, pg 10). About 20 to 30 million people of Bangladesh are likely to be affected by global warming, although the country’s GHG emissions are less than 0.1% of the global total. Exact predictions are impossible but scientists fear that a) Increased droughts and floods from rainfall and snowmelt b)   salinisation of coastal croplands, coastal erosion and damage to coastal mangrove forests. c)   sea-level rise would inundate nearly 18% of the country by 2030. With 10% increase in rainfall, the probability of extreme wet weather would increase sevenfold while the probability of dry years such as 1972 will increase by 4.4 times. Some reports show that even with 60 cm rise in sea level the Sundarbans will be lost, with severe effects on the ecosystem. * Forty of the poorest countries, including Bangladesh, are likely to face food production losses by more than 25%. Agricultural productivity will fall globally as violent storms are triggered by the El Nino weather phenomenon increasing the frequency of droughts in some areas. Coral reefs and other ocean species will become more vulnerable to increasing ocean temperatures and change in storm pattern. Water shortage is likely to become severe and widespread as distribution of wetlands and freshwater resources is altered dramatically. Though it seems that lots of measures have been taken against climate change, actually almost nothing have been done about it. All the countries have talked and negotiated in various meetings year after year without any practical solution to the problem and many countries have increased their GHG emission. If the problem of global warming is not tackled sooner rather than later, severe consequences are likely to descend upon us all, and the people of Bangladesh who are the least to blame would be among are the worst sufferers.   More information (extra) Sunlight is the source of life. Most of the heat in the world comes from the sun. During the daytime, sunlight comes to the earth and some of its heat is absorbed by the earth and the rest goes back into the atmosphere. After entering the atmosphere, part of this heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour present in the atmosphere and the rest is absorbed into the universe. During the night when there is no sunlight, the world survives from severe cold by the heat that was absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour during the daytime. At night, carbon dioxide and water vapour releases this heat to the earth. Without this carbon dioxide and water vapour, severe colder temperatures would cool the earth, and survival of life would be impossible. This water vapour and carbon dioxide process usually balances the temperature of the world and ensures survival. Besides carbon dioxide and water vapour, there are other gases in the atmosphere, such as methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs, which also absorb heat. However, due to the relatively recent increase of the concentration of these gases and water vapour in the atmosphere, the temperature of the world is rising gradually. If the temperature of the world increases too much, survival of life on earth could be jeopardized. Normally, these gases pass into the atmosphere by several methods. Higher temperatures cause abundant water vapour to reach the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is already present in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide also enters the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuel and from the destruction of forest. Trees store huge amount of carbon dioxide. In addition, carbon dioxide loads are present from animals and human breathing. Nitrous oxide is another gas that increases the world’s temperature. The nitrous oxide comes from the smoke of motor cars. Most of the methane gas comes from wetlands and the decomposition of rice paddies. Chlorofluorocarbons come from people using products such as plastic foam, air conditioning units and refrigerators. Due to increased temperatures in the world, the ice caps in the north and south poles are also melting. This melting is causing the water sea level to rise, increasing flooding in the low-lying coastal areas. Scientists anticipate that due to increasing sea levels, all low-lying countries in the world, including Bangladesh will be inundated by water one day. Higher temperatures are also responsible for changes in the weather. Because of climate changes, the countries that used to have abundant rain will have less rain and soon these places will become drier. A place that once was good for agriculture could become unsuitable for agriculture. It is possible that some agricultural species will die because of this temperature-induced drought. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing   Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse Gender disparity means inequality or discrimination between males and females in enjoying basic rights as human beings. In developed countries, gender disparity is almost non-existent. However, in Bangladesh, this problem is very serious. It is present in both rural and urban areas, but it is more common in rural communities. Many girl students in towns and villages are not allowed to study. In conservative families, only boys are sent to school, college, or university, while girls are kept at home. In many rural families, boys and girls are not treated equally. Parents often love their sons more and provide them with better opportunities. They believe that educating a daughter is a waste of time and money. After class seven or eight, many parents decide to marry their daughters off. Even in modern and educated families, daughters and sisters are often denied higher education. They are not allowed to work outside the home. Instead, they are expected to handle household chores and take care of children. On the other hand, boys are encouraged to complete higher education and take up jobs outside the home. This unequal treatment should stop. Both males and females should be treated equally and given the same rights and opportunities. Women must be educated so they can contribute to the development of the country, just like men. Families need to change their mindset and understand that women can work, earn money, and bring positive changes to their lives and society. The government also needs to take strong steps to reduce gender disparity. Laws and programs should support women’s education and encourage equal rights. If men and women work together, it will benefit not only individuals but also the entire country. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination means the preference of one sex, especially the male people, depriving the other sex. It is a great malpractice to women. Gender discrimination begins when a girl chile is horn, and it continues throughout her life. With the birth of a girl the society impresses on her many illusions about her low status in the society ty she is born in. This practice lasts in a society because the members of the society, think that the male are suited to add to the family income. The ignorance and illiteracy of people are also responsible for gender discrimination. As a consequence of this discrimination, women are treated disrespectfully and disgracefully in the society. Even the women one day start to believe the illusions implanted on them by the society. They undergo inferiority complex. To solve this problem of gender discrimination, we all should come forward to making the people aware of the equal status of the women. Government should also take steps in this respect. Among the steps, female education, mass awareness, avoiding social dogmas are very important to follow to get rid of this social stigma. We must stand against it and keep the womenfolk in our march of advancement for social equilibrium. The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination Gender discrimination denotes the disparity of enjoying rights and facilities between the male and female sections. Still today gender discrimination is one of the most inhuman customs in our society. Almost everyday the grim pictures of this evil custom are seen in newspapers and on TV screens. In our society this brute custom begins at birth. All illiterate families long for male children. A girl or a woman is deprived of almost all social rights and facilities. In our society, educating a girl is regarded as the wastage of money and time of a family. A girl is not allowed to receive better education in most of the families in our society. Most girls and women 'are confined to within the four walls of the house. As a result, our women society 4.94iei) is unproductive, unskilled and unemployed. They get no chance to take part in any social and national development activities. But some educated women of the enlightened families have already proved their efficiency and ability by working with men in different development working projects and sectors. Illiteracy and social superstitions are the root reasons of this evil custom. Social unawareness is another reason of this curse. Extreme poverty is a prime reason of it. This evil custom curves our all development plans and activities wonderfully. No development is possible without their participation in any development work. Our narrow outlook should be altered, Illiteracy must be stamped out, social superstitions must be eradicated, early marriage must be banned and equal facilities should be ensured between men and women. Public awareness must be raised about the curse of gender discrimination. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. To say truly girls are born to an unwelcome world. Mostly the teenaged girls are deprived of higher education. They are considered to be a burden for a family because after marriage they will go to their in-law’s house. So, parents are not ready to invest for their future. The girls are not allowed to go outside without permission. They are confined to domestic chores. In case of food and dresses, male children are given more importance. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. A number of reasons, such as, social prejudice, superstition, blind faith, social and economic backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance etc are responsible for gender discrimination in our country. So outlook towards them must be liberal and generous. Otherwise it hampers our humanity. At the same time social and religious restriction should be uprooted by creating a positive attitude among people. They should be considered as human beings rather than as female. Then only it is possible to solve the degrading position of the women. Model Answer-2 Gender Disparity/ Discrimination Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. Model Answer-3 1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Gender Equality Gender equality does not mean that women and men are identical, but rather that they possess equal worth and should receive fair treatment. As stated by the United Nations, gender equality is fundamentally a matter of human rights. Empowering women is crucial for progress and poverty reduction, as they play key roles in enhancing family and community health and productivity, ultimately benefiting future generations. Therefore, achieving gender equality is vital not only for women but for society as a whole. In Bangladesh, gender discrimination is particularly prevalent in rural areas, where many people face poverty, illiteracy, and helplessness. Men often hold dominant positions in society and make decisions regarding family matters. In these areas, girls are frequently deprived of education and may be married off at a young age, limiting their opportunities for personal development. Poverty, lack of education, and rapid population growth serve as significant obstacles to gender equality. To promote gender equality, collective efforts are necessary to raise awareness of the equal status of women. Measures such as ensuring access to education for girls, fostering widespread awareness, and challenging social norms are effective strategies for combating this social injustice. By taking proactive steps, we can work towards a society where women and men are treated with equal respect and opportunities.   Gender Equality Gender discrimination refers to favoring one gender over another, typically favoring males and depriving females of opportunities and rights. It is a pervasive issue that infringes upon women's rights and begins from the moment a female child is born, persisting throughout her life. From birth, society imposes unjust perceptions of inferiority upon girls, perpetuating the belief that males are more valuable contributors to family income and societal progress. Ignorance and lack of education further fuel gender discrimination, fostering disrespect and disgrace towards women within society. Tragically, women themselves often internalize these harmful beliefs, leading to feelings of inferiority and inadequacy. To address gender discrimination, concerted efforts are needed from all sectors of society. It is imperative to raise awareness about the equal status of women and challenge deeply entrenched societal norms. Government intervention is also crucial, with measures such as promoting female education, conducting mass awareness campaigns, and dismantling social prejudices. By empowering women through education and advocacy, we can combat gender discrimination and strive towards achieving social equilibrium. It is essential for everyone to stand against this injustice and ensure that women are given equal opportunities to participate in and contribute to societal progress. Composition / Essay Writing Gender Discrimination in Bangladesh Gender discrimination is a big problem in Bangladesh. It happens when men and women are not treated equally. This issue affects education, work, marriage, and many other parts of life. Even though some progress has been made, women still face many challenges in the country. One of the main areas of discrimination is education. In Bangladesh, many girls start going to school but cannot continue for long. Poverty is one reason because poor families often give more importance to boys’ education. Girls also leave school early due to early marriage or the need to help with household work. This stops them from getting good jobs and becoming independent in the future. In the workplace, gender inequality is also a serious issue. Women are paid less than men for doing the same job. They are not given leadership roles or opportunities for promotion. Many women work in garment factories, which are the backbone of Bangladesh’s economy. However, they work long hours in unsafe conditions and often face harassment. Another serious problem is early marriage. Many girls in rural areas are forced to marry at a young age. This stops them from studying and puts their health at risk, especially during childbirth. Early marriage also increases the chances of domestic violence. Violence against women is a widespread issue. Women face domestic abuse, sexual harassment, and even human trafficking. Unfortunately, many women do not report these problems because of fear, shame, or lack of proper legal support. Despite these challenges, there have been some improvements. More girls are going to school, and some women are entering politics, business, and other important fields. Bangladesh is proud to have had women leaders at the highest levels of government, which inspires hope for change. The government and different organizations are working hard to spread awareness and create equal opportunities for women. To end gender discrimination, everyone in society needs to work together. Parents should educate their daughters and give them the same opportunities as their sons. Laws to protect women should be enforced strictly, and workplaces must ensure equality and safety. By educating people and raising awareness, we can create a society where men and women have equal rights and can contribute to the nation’s progress. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination refers to unfair treatment based on someone's gender, whether they are male or female. In many societies, including ours, females often face neglect and deprivation across various aspects of life. They endure exploitation, abuse, and even violence, which severely hinders their socio-economic progress. This discrimination is a major obstacle to the overall development of our country. The roots of gender discrimination can be traced to factors such as poverty, lack of education, ignorance, and traditional beliefs. From the moment a girl is born, she may not receive the same welcome as a male child. Families may prioritize educating sons while considering investments in daughters' education as wasteful. Male children are often given better care, nutrition, and opportunities to support the family economically, while girls may be married off at a young age, limiting their future prospects. Girls also experience restrictions on their freedom, often needing permission and a male escort to leave home. They are typically confined to domestic chores and have limited opportunities to explore their talents and potential outside the household. It's crucial to recognize that both men and women play equally vital roles in a country's development. By neglecting or underestimating women's capabilities, we are limiting our nation's progress. Efforts are needed to raise awareness about the importance of women's contributions to development. Practical steps should be taken to improve women's economic status, ensuring they have equal access to education, employment, and opportunities for advancement. To achieve this goal, we must collectively work to dismantle social barriers that hinder women's advancement. Empowering women not only benefits them individually but also strengthens our society and economy as a whole. It requires a concerted effort to promote gender equality and create an environment where every individual, regardless of gender, can thrive and contribute to national development. The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination Gender discrimination has harmful effects on individuals, families, and society as a whole. It occurs when men and women are treated unequally in terms of rights, opportunities, and responsibilities. In countries like Bangladesh, gender discrimination is a major issue that slows down progress and development. One of the main effects is on education. Many girls are not allowed to attend school or continue their studies. Parents often prioritize their sons’ education, believing that educating daughters is unnecessary. As a result, many women remain uneducated and cannot contribute fully to society. This limits their chances of employment and keeps families trapped in poverty. In the workplace, gender discrimination leads to unequal pay and limited opportunities for women. Women are often paid less than men for the same job and are denied leadership roles. Many workplaces are not safe for women, leading to harassment and insecurity. These issues prevent women from reaching their full potential. Early marriage is another harmful effect of gender discrimination. Many girls are forced to marry at a young age, especially in rural areas. This stops them from studying and exposes them to health risks during childbirth. It also increases the risk of domestic violence and limits their independence. Society as a whole suffers from gender discrimination. When women are not given equal rights and opportunities, half of the population is held back. This slows economic growth and development. Gender discrimination also creates an unequal and unjust society where women are undervalued. To solve this problem, we need to treat men and women equally. Education should be made accessible to all, and workplaces must ensure fairness and safety. Families and communities should change their mindset and support women in achieving their goals. The government should take strong action to stop discrimination and create laws that protect women’s rights. If we eliminate gender discrimination, both men and women can work together for the progress of society. This will lead to a fairer, stronger, and more prosperous world. Ad Ad

Composition / Essay Writing FRUITS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh which is a country of moderate climate is rich in producing juicy fruits all the year round. In fact, a vast number of delicious fruits grow here. The fruits vary in size, shape and colour. In spite of their variety, all of them are good for health. Mango tops among the other fruits because of its palatable sweetness and nutritive value. It is called the prince of fruits. The fruit has different varieties with different names, such as Fazli, Langra, Mohanbhog, Gopalbhog, HeemSagar etc. Mangoes are available in almost every district of Bangladesh. The jackfruit is a large sized fruit. The fruit has an ugly looking, round and prickly skin. When peeled off, there are numerous flakes connected to a sticky. It is a composite fruit. It is very nutritious and comparatively cheap. It is the national fruit of Bangladesh. The Pineapple is another common and familiar fruit of Bangladesh. The fruit is drenched with refreshing and biting sweet and sour juice. The coconut, which grows mostly in coastal area, is another important fruit of Bangladesh. It is also used as a source of oil. The most common and sought-after fruit is banana. The fruit is much in demand throughout the year and is produced in great quantities all over Bangladesh. It is popular to man of all ages. It is as delicious as nutritious. A type of green banana is used as vegetables. Papaya, a delicious, medicine like smelling, nutritious fruit is said to be very good for digestion. It is found almost in every district of Bangladesh. Guava is another well known fruit. Children are very much fond of this fruit. Palm is also very popular, mostly in the villages. It is round, dark-coloured fruit with deep orange flesh inside filled with bitter-sweet juice. There are some fruits, which are sour but no less common or useful. One of these is lemon. It has also different varieties with different size and shape. The tamarind (tetul), the kamranga and the katbel also taste sour. Amra is also a familiar and popular fruit. It has a crunchy sweet and sour taste. Young and old all enjoy this fruit. Some other fruits of Bangladesh worth mentioning are lichi, black-berries, dates, plums, melons, native-apple, star-apple (jamrul), jumbolins (jambura), wood- apple (bel) and green melons. The fruits of Bangladesh have a great prospect. If the remarkable fruits of our country were properly canned, they could not only fulfil our country need but also bring foreign currency for us. There is a great demand of canned fruits abroad. We also use some fruits to make syrups, jams, jellies and pickles. Most of the fruits produced in Bangladesh are not only delicious and palatable but also nutritious and health giving. Our national health can be promoted more by culturing fruit in greater scale. So, we should try to grow more fruits for our population. FRUITS OF BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh which is a country of moderate climate is rich in producing juicy fruits all the year round. In fact, a vast number of delicious fruits grow here. The fruits vary in size, shape and colour. In spite of their variety, all of them are good for health. Various types of fruits: Mango: Mango tops among the other fruits because of its palatable sweetness and nutritive value. It is called the prince of fruits. The fruit has different varieties with different names, such as Fazli, Langra, Mohanbhog, Gopalbhog, HeemSagar etc. Mangoes are available in almost every district of Bangladesh. Jack fruit: The jackfruit is a large sized fruit. The fruit has an ugly looking, round and prickly skin. It is a composite fruit. The flakes are deep yellow or golden in colour and are extremely sweet in taste. It is very nutritious and comparatively cheap. It is the national fruit of Bangladesh. Pineapple: The Pineapple is another common and familiar fruit of Bangladesh. It is mostly available in the markets in greater quantity during the rainy season. The fruit is drenched with refreshing and biting sweet and sour juice. Coconut: The coconut, which grows mostly in coastal area is another important fruit of Bangladesh. The milk of an unripe coconut is a wholesome and refreshing drink. It even helps to restore the body fluid of dehydrated people suffering from stomach trouble. The kernel of a coconut is a substantial food mostly used in making rice cakes. It is also used as a source of oil. Sour fruits: The tamarind (tetul), the kamranga and the katbel taste sour. Amra is also a familiar and popular fruit. It has a crunchy sweet and sour taste. Young and old all enjoy this fruit. Prospects: If the remarkable fruits of our country were properly canned, they could not only fulfil our country need but also bring foreign currency for us. There is a great demand of canned fruits abroad. We also use some fruits to make syrups, jams, jellies and pickles. Conclusion: Most of the fruits produced in Bangladesh are not only delicious and palatable but also nutritious and health giving. Our national health can be promoted more by culturing fruit in greater scale. So, we should try to grow more fruits for our population. The Fruits of Bangladesh Introduction : Bangladesh is a dream land in Asia. She is blessed with huge natural wealth/resources. Her soil is fertileand her climate is neither too cold nor too hot. She is a plain land. So Bangladesh is full of hundreds of trees and plants. So various kinds of fruits grow in different seasons all over the country. The fruits are rich in food value. The fruits are of different colours, sizes and tastes. The groups of fruits : The differeat kinds of fruits are classified in two groups like solid and juicy. Some solid fruits taste sweet and some taste sour. Some juicy fruits taste sweet and some taste sour. The mango : The mango is the most common and popular of all fruits in Bangladesh. It is the king of fruits in our country. It is the fruit of summer season. It grows all over the country. There are hundreds of varieties of mangoes. Of them. the Fazli, the Langra, the Gopalbhog and the Mohanbhog are noted for taste. flavour and sweetness. The Langra is the most famous for its flavour and -met taste. The Fazli is famous for its big size and sweet taste. These mangoes grow in plenty in Rajshjbi, Dinajpur. Bogra and Chapai Nawabgonj in Bangladesh. The jack-fruit : Ilie jack-fruit is another popular summer fruit in our country. It is the largest/biggest of all fruits. It is our national fruit. It is also very delicious and sweet to taste. 'It grows in plenty in the hilly areas of Comilla, Mymensingh. Sylhet and Chittagong and in the high land of Dhaka arid Narsingdhi. It is juicy and nutritious. It is usually green in colour but inside is yellow. The banana : The banana is the most popular fruit in our country. It grows in plenty almost all the parts of Bangladesh in all seasons. It is very delicious and nutritious. It contains all kinds of vitamins. So its food value is very high. The coconut : The coconut is another popular and important fruit of our land. It is an all season fruit. It grows all over Bangladesh. It grows in plenty in the coastal areas of Barisal, Khulna, Noakhali, and nd Patuakhali. Its sweet and cool safe water quenches our thirst during hot summer. Its kernel (-rr3i) is used as oil and cakes. It is both delicious and nutritious. The pine-apple : The pineapple is another delicious and nutritious juicy fruit in Bangladesh. It is a fruit of the rainy season. It grows best irr the hilly areas of Svlhet and Chittagong. It also grows in the high land of Comilla and Dhaka. It is full of wonderful sweet. juice. It is a healthful fruit. It is liked by all. The lichi : The lichi is another popular r fruit of summer season. It is juicy fruit. It is very delicious and nutritious. Children are very fond of this juicy fruit. The lichi of Rajshahi is very famous for its sweetness, and big size. It also grows in many districts in Bangladesh. The orange : The orange is another popular good fruit in Bangladesh. It is a winter fruit. It is juicy. It grows only in the district of Sylhet. Its food value is very high. It is rich in vitamin 'C'. It is good for liver. It is the important diet of the weak, the sick and the children. The children are very fond of this sweet juicy fruit. Conclusion : Bangladesh is a land of fruits of various kinds. These fruits have not only rich food value but also high medicinal value. They are essential for maintaining sound health. But it is a great pity that many fruits are rotten for want of proper care- and for want of necessary processing system. Every year we can, earn huge foreign currency by exporting fruits.So the government should take proper steps to develop processing system of fruits and inspire our people to grow more fruits. Translation: বাংলাদেশের ফল বাংলাদেশ একটি মিতব্যয়ী জলবায়ুর দেশ, যা সারা বছর ধরে রসালো ফল উৎপাদনে সমৃদ্ধ। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, এখানে অনেক ধরনের সুস্বাদু ফল জন্মায়। ফলগুলো আকার, রঙ এবং আকারে বিভিন্ন হলেও, এগুলোর স্বাস্থ্য উপকারিতা খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। আম হল অন্যান্য ফলের মধ্যে শীর্ষস্থানে, এর মিষ্টি স্বাদ এবং পুষ্টিকর গুণের কারণে। এটি ফলের রাজা নামে পরিচিত। আমের বিভিন্ন জাত রয়েছে, যেমন ফজলি, লংরা, মোহনভোগ, গোপালভোগ, হিমসাগর ইত্যাদি। বাংলাদেশে প্রায় প্রতিটি জেলায় আম পাওয়া যায়। কাঁঠাল একটি বড় আকারের ফল। এর ত্বক দেখতে অঙ্গভঙ্গি এবং কাঁটাযুক্ত, তবে এটি এক ধরনের যৌগিক ফল। এর ভেতরে অনেকগুলি স্তর থাকে, যা একে একে ছিঁড়ে বের করা যায়। এটি অত্যন্ত পুষ্টিকর এবং তুলনামূলকভাবে সস্তা। কাঁঠাল বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় ফল। আনারস বাংলাদেশের আরেকটি সাধারণ এবং পরিচিত ফল। এটি খুবই তাজা এবং মিষ্টি, টক টক স্বাদযুক্ত রসের সঙ্গে ভরা। নারকেল, যা মূলত উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলে জন্মায়, বাংলাদেশের আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ফল। এটি তেলের উৎস হিসেবেও ব্যবহৃত হয়। সবচেয়ে সাধারণ এবং জনপ্রিয় ফলটি হলো কলা। এটি সারা বছর ধরে চাহিদায় থাকে এবং বাংলাদেশের প্রতিটি অঞ্চলে ব্যাপক পরিমাণে উৎপাদিত হয়। এটি সকল বয়সের মানুষের কাছে জনপ্রিয়। এটি যেমন সুস্বাদু, তেমন পুষ্টিকর। এক ধরনের সবুজ কলা শাকসবজি হিসেবেও ব্যবহৃত হয়। পেঁপে, একটি সুস্বাদু এবং মedicine সদৃশ গন্ধযুক্ত, পুষ্টিকর ফল, যা পরিপাক প্রক্রিয়ার জন্য খুব ভালো বলে মনে করা হয়। এটি বাংলাদেশে প্রায় প্রতিটি জেলা থেকে পাওয়া যায়। পেয়ারা আরেকটি পরিচিত ফল। শিশুদের মধ্যে এটি খুবই জনপ্রিয়। খেজুরও খুব জনপ্রিয়, বিশেষত গ্রামীণ এলাকায়। এটি গোলাকার, গা dark ় রঙের ফল যার ভিতরে গা dark ় কমলা রঙের মিষ্টি রস থাকে। কিছু ফলও আছে, যেগুলি টক হলেও কম সাধারণ বা উপকারী নয়। এর মধ্যে একটি হলো লেবু। এরও বিভিন্ন জাত রয়েছে, বিভিন্ন আকার এবং আকৃতির। তেঁতুল (তেতুল), কামরাঙ্গা এবং কাটবেলও টক স্বাদের। আমড়া একটি পরিচিত এবং জনপ্রিয় ফল। এর একটি খাস্তা মিষ্টি এবং টক স্বাদ রয়েছে। ছোট বড় সবাই এই ফলটি উপভোগ করে। বাংলাদেশের আরো কিছু ফল উল্লেখযোগ্য যা হলো লিচি, জাম্বুরা, খেজুর, আঙুর, তরমুজ, দেশী আপেল, জামরুল, জম্বোলিন (জম্বুরা), বেল এবং সবুজ তরমুজ। বাংলাদেশের ফলগুলোর বিশাল সম্ভাবনা রয়েছে। যদি আমাদের দেশের প্রশংসনীয় ফলগুলো যথাযথভাবে ক্যানড করা যায়, তবে তা শুধু আমাদের দেশের চাহিদা পূরণ করবে না, বিদেশ থেকে বৈদেশিক মুদ্রাও আনতে সক্ষম হবে। ক্যানড ফলের জন্য বিদেশে প্রচুর চাহিদা রয়েছে। আমরা কিছু ফল দিয়ে সিরাপ, জ্যাম, জেলি এবং আচারও তৈরি করি। বাংলাদেশের অধিকাংশ ফল শুধু সুস্বাদু এবং খাবারে স্বাদ যোগায় না, তা পুষ্টিকর এবং স্বাস্থ্যকরও। আমাদের জাতীয় স্বাস্থ্যের উন্নতি করতে ফল চাষের পরিমাণ আরও বৃদ্ধি করা উচিত। তাই, আমাদের জনগণের জন্য আরও ফল চাষ করার চেষ্টা করা উচিত। Vocabulary: a vocabulary list related to the essay "Fruits of Bangladesh," with English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings: English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Climate জলবায়ু जलवायु Juicy রসালো रसीला Variety বৈচিত্র্য विविधता Nutritive value পুষ্টিমান पोषण मूल्य Palatable সুস্বাদু स्वादिष्ट Mango আম आम Fazli ফজলি फजली Langra লাংড়া लंगड़ा Mohanbhog মোহনভোগ मोहनभोग Gopalbhog গোপালভোগ गोपालभोग HeemSagar হীমসাগর हीमसागर Jackfruit কাঁঠাল कटहल Prickly skin কাঁটাযুক্ত ত্বক कांटेदार त्वचा Composite fruit সংকর ফল मिश्रित फल Nutritious পুষ্টিকর पौष्टिक National fruit জাতীয় ফল राष्ट्रीय फल Pineapple আনারস अनानास Coconut নারিকেল नारियल Coastal area উপকূলীয় এলাকা तटीय क्षेत्र Banana কলা केला Papaya পেপে पपीता Guava পেয়ারা अमरूद Palm তাল ताड़ Tamarind তেতুল इमली Kamranga কামরাঙ্গা कमरंग Katbel কটবেল कटबेल Amra আমড়া आमरा Lichi লিচু लीची Blackberries ব্ল্যাকবেরি जामुन Dates খেজুর खजूर Plums প্লাম आलूबुखारा Melons তরমুজ तरबूज Star-apple জামরুল जामरुल Jumbolins জম্বোলিন जंबोलिन Wood-apple বেল बेल Green melons সবুজ তরমুজ हरा तरबूज Canned fruits ক্যানড ফল डिब्बाबंद फल Syrups সিরাপ सिरप Jams জ্যাম जैम Jellies জেলি जैली Pickles আচার अचार Medicinal value ঔষধি গুণ औषधीय मूल्य Foreign currency বৈদেশিক মুদ্রা विदेशी मुद्रा Processing system প্রক্রিয়াকরণ ব্যবস্থা प्रसंस्करण प्रणाली Sound health সুস্থতা स्वस्थता

Paragraph Writing FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is the problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measure to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are also helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country.   Composition / Essay Writing   FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is a problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food for our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measures to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country.   Various measures have been taken to fulfill this objective. Irrigation facilities are being extended. Hundreds of canals have been dug up. The cultivators are being supplied with manures and good seeds. Peasants are being persuaded to adopt modern method of cultivation and training is being imparted to them. An easy system of agricultural credit is being introduced and co-operative farming is being encouraged. Above all, measures to remove illiteracy and being taken up on a country wide scale. Because of all these measures, the food situation of the country is getting improved gradually. There is food problem all over the world. So we should not lose heart. We should all work together to make the ‘Grow More Food Campaign’ as success. There is still much scope to increase the production of food in our country. The goal before us of attaining self-sufficiency in food is certainly attainable. For this we have to pool all our resources. The problem cannot be met by any single agency or organization, or by a few in the administration. It can be met only by the concerted efforts of the whole nation. So, we all should be wise and sincere enough to remove the problem from our country.   Food Problem (Introduction, Description or causes of food problem, Natural calamities, How to solve, Conclusion) Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. Directly or indirectly, about 74% of the people in the country depend on agriculture for their livelihood. However, Bangladesh faces a chronic shortage of food because it cannot produce enough to feed its people. Nowadays, the food problem has become a yearly issue. Every year, there is a shortage of food in the country, and as a result, we have to import a large quantity of food grains from other countries. The food problem in Bangladesh has many causes. One of the main reasons is the rapid population growth. The population is increasing very quickly, but food production cannot keep up with this growth. Another reason is the traditional method of farming. Farmers still use a pair of bullocks and a wooden plough to cultivate their land, which results in low crop yields. Additionally, most farmers are uneducated. They have little knowledge about irrigation and using fertilizers. They are not familiar with modern scientific farming methods and mostly rely on natural conditions for farming. Bangladesh is a land of rivers, but it faces natural disasters like floods, cyclones, tidal waves, and droughts every year. These disasters destroy a large portion of the country’s crops, worsening the food problem. This issue can be solved if proper measures are taken. Modern scientific farming methods should be used, and irrigation facilities should be improved to increase food production. Flood control measures, like building strong embankments, should be implemented to prevent water from overflowing during floods. Controlling the rapid population growth is also necessary to solve this problem. Changing our eating habits can help as well. The food problem is a serious issue in our country, but it is not unique to Bangladesh. Food shortages exist in many parts of the world. We should not lose hope. We must take strong and effective steps to solve this problem as soon as possible.     The Food Problem in Bangladesh   Introduction: Bangladesh is a dreamland in Asia. She is blessed with huge natural wealth. Yet now Bangladesh is beset with many acute and major problems. Food problem has become one of the most dangerous problems in Bangladesh. In the recent months this problem has become very severe which can't be described in words. Present situation: The present situation of food problem. is acute than ever before. The. supply and the production of food .are very low in proportion to the demand of food. Now an acute famine is going on due to the acute shortage of `food. Day by day the supply of food is wonderfully lessening while the 'demand. of food is increasing rapidly. Now millions of people are starving for want of food. As a result, thousands of; people are suffering from ' food poisoning. The normal life has already been hampered, owing to the shortage of food. Causes of food problem: There are a lot of reason of the food problem in Bangladesh. The 'reasons a r e as follows : - (a)    Every year Bangladesh h is losing about 80 thousand hectares of her cultivable-, land because of housing, setting up mills, factories, schools, colleges, hospitals, building roads and hi&liconstructionays and other construction works. (b)    The alarming rining growth of our population is a prime cause of this problem. (c)    The demand of food is increasing day by day due to rapid growth of population. (d)    The production of food-grains is going down day by day. (e)    Natural disasters are also a root cause of the shortage of food. (f)         Tlie short supply of the good seeds. and the fertilizer is also ii increasing this problem. (g)    The high price of good seeds and fertilizers is also another root cause of the shortage of food. (n) The frequent failure of electricity hampers our food production. (i)  The old method cultivation also harms our food production. The acute poverty of our farmers is also a main cause of this problem. (k) Illiteracy and social unawareness are greatly hampered due to our food. production. i)              The dishonesty of a businessman is also liable for the shortage of food. (in) The misuse of our properties is also another principal cause of this problem.   Remedies : The following necessary steps should be taken to control our food problem (a)      The destruction of our cultivable land must be -stopped. (b)      Indiscriminate construction of buildings, roads, and industries should be stopped. (c)      High-rise buildings should be built to 'save our land. (d)      The new scientific method of cultivation should be introduced. (e)      The alarming high growth rate of our population must be checked. (f)       Early marriage must be banned. (g)      Illiteracy must be removed. (h)      The supply of good seeds and the production of fertilizer should be increased. The price of the seeds and the fertilizers should be cut clown. (J) Public awareness should be increased. (k)      Our food habits should be changed., (l)        Our irrigation system should be improved. (m)    Our businessmen and the traders should be taught about the value of the good moral character in our real life. (n)      Corruption must be rooted out. (o)      Population explosion must be controlled. (p)      Our assets should be utilized properly. Conclusion : It is obvious that now the shortage of food is a burning question in Bangladesh. It affects our all development efforts and programmes seriously. If we fail to stamp out the food problem our development plans and activities' will standstill and starvation, malnutrition, poverty will become very acute very soon.   FOODS OF BANGLADESH The economy for Bangladesh mainly depends on agriculture. Most of the people of Bangladesh earn their livelihood by farming. Many kinds of crops grow in plenty in our fertile lands. For this, agriculture is the backbone of the economy of Bangladesh. Climate and soil of Bangladesh are most suitable for the cultivation of several kinds of food crops. Most of the crops in Bangladesh grow in plain and fertile lands. A large number of rivers carry the silts that make our land fertile and help to grow many crops. Bangladesh is an agricultural country and here about 90% of our people depend wholly or partially on agriculture. They produce various kinds of agricultural products. These productions can chiefly be divided into two classes---------- i) Cash crops and                                ii) Food crops There are some fruits which grow in all season of the year, among these the banana, the coconut, the papaw, the guava, the lemon are most popular. The banana is a common fruit of Bangladesh. It is grown in all the districts and all the seasons. Munsigonj and Narsingdi are famous for banana. Banana has several varieties such as Sagore, Shabri, Chapa, Agniswar etc. It is very nutritious and sweet. Papaw is a delicious fruits. It keeps the liver function active. The papaw is grown in all the districts and in all seasons.   The coconut is a common fruits of Bangladesh. It grows in all seasons. Its water is a sweet drink and its kernel is a tasty food. The mango, the orange, the lichi, the black-berry, the jack fruits, the pineapple etc. grow in the different seasons. There are some fruits which grow in summer season. They are the mango, the jack-fruit, lichi etc. The mango is the most remarkable fruits of Bangladesh. It is called the king of fruits. It grows in all districts of Bangladesh. It has many varieties such as Fazli, Langra, Mohanbhog, Gophalbhag, etc. Rajshahi, Dinaipur, Chapai-Nawabgonj and Bogra produce the best kind of mangoes. Ordinary mangoes are grown in every part of Bangladesh. It is our national fruit. It grows in the rainy season. It is the biggest of all fruit in size. It is a great source of vitamin. It grows largely in the districts of Dhaka, Mymenshigh and Chittagong and the every parts of the country. Pineapple is a flashy and juicy fruit. It is very nutritious. It’s found in the rainy season. It grows mostly in Madhupur, Tangail. It also grows in Sylthet, Chittagong, Comilla and Mymensingh districts. Lichi is a small juicy fruit. Rajshahi is famous for lichi. Among winter fruits orange, plum etc. are remarkable. The orange is a juicy and sweet fruit. It grows only in Sylhet. Plum is available in every parts of Bangladesh. There are many other fruits in Bangladesh. Among the fruits, black­berries, dates, melons, wood-apples, guava, lemons etc, are remarkable. These fruits are both nutritious and tasty.   If we want more fruits, we should plant more fruit trees in our gardens and houses because, they’re important sources of vitamins. They also bring foreign currency. So, we should be active in the cultivation of fruits. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Food Habits Prevailing in the Urban and Rural Areas Food habits vary between rural and urban areas in Bangladesh. Both populations typically consume three meals per day, but their eating patterns differ. Rural residents tend to eat larger quantities of food due to their physical labor, whereas urban dwellers consume less at main meals but supplement with light snacks throughout the day. In rural regions, staple foods like rice, fish, and lentil soup are prevalent. A typical day for a farmer begins with a substantial breakfast consisting of rice and curry or water-soaked rice seasoned with salt and chili. Many families also partake in puffed, flattened, or parched rice in the morning. In contrast, urbanites commonly opt for lighter breakfast options such as bread, butter, jam, juice, and fruits. For lunch, villagers typically have rice accompanied by one or two curry dishes. Meanwhile, urban residents often enjoy multi-course meals. Urban dining trends have evolved to include eating out, with popular choices ranging from traditional biryani to international cuisines like Indian, Thai, or Chinese. Wealthier urban families frequently indulge in richer foods. Dinner in rural areas closely resembles lunch, with similar dishes being served. However, urban dinner habits are notably different and often more costly. Model Answer-2 Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Food Habits Prevailing in the Urban and Rural Areas Food habits in urban and rural areas differ greatly due to lifestyle, availability of resources, and cultural practices. These differences reflect how people adapt their eating habits to their environment and circumstances. In urban areas, food habits are influenced by a fast-paced lifestyle. Many people rely on ready-made or processed foods, fast food, and restaurant meals. Convenience often takes priority over nutrition. Supermarkets and grocery stores offer a variety of packaged foods and imported items, making it easier for city dwellers to try different cuisines. However, this reliance on processed food sometimes leads to health problems, such as obesity and heart issues. Urban residents also tend to consume less fresh produce compared to rural populations, as they may lack access to fresh, locally-grown food. On the other hand, rural food habits are shaped by traditional practices and the availability of fresh, natural ingredients. People in rural areas often grow their own food or purchase it from local markets. Their diets typically consist of seasonal vegetables, fresh fruits, grains, and dairy products. Meals are often home-cooked, simple, and nutritious. Rural communities also follow age-old cooking methods and recipes, preserving their cultural heritage through food. However, lack of variety and occasional scarcity of food in some remote areas can lead to nutritional deficiencies. The economic divide between urban and rural areas also plays a role in food habits. Urban residents often spend more on food and have access to diverse cuisines, including international dishes. In contrast, rural people usually stick to traditional foods that are cost-effective and readily available. This difference in spending power influences the choices and quality of food in both settings. Despite these contrasts, globalization and modernization are gradually blending urban and rural food habits. Rural areas are adopting urban-style fast foods, while urban residents are showing a renewed interest in fresh, organic, and traditional foods for a healthier lifestyle. In summary, food habits in urban and rural areas reflect the differences in lifestyle, resources, and culture. While urban areas focus on convenience and variety, rural areas prioritize freshness and tradition. Both have their strengths and challenges, and the balance between them continues to evolve with time. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Folk Music Folk music consists of ancient songs and music from the heart of a community based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Some notable folk singers like Shiraj Saiah, Lalon shah, Shah Abdul Karim, Hasan Raja, Abbas Uddin‚ Abdul Alim and Radha Roman have made the folk musk popular among the people of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira. Tribes like the Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripuri, Marma etc. have interacted with ethnic Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or Muslim; others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‘’roof-beating’’ songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops.   Model Answer-2 Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Folk music in Bangladesh Folk music in Bangladesh holds a special place in the country’s cultural heritage. It represents the soul of rural Bangladesh and reflects the joys, sorrows, hopes, and struggles of ordinary people. Passed down through generations, folk music is deeply connected to the lives of farmers, fishermen, and other rural communities. It uses simple words and tunes that resonate with the daily lives and emotions of the people. One of the most popular forms of folk music in Bangladesh is Baul songs, which are spiritual and philosophical. Baul singers, often dressed in simple clothes and carrying an ektara (a single-stringed instrument), travel from village to village singing songs about love, humanity, and the connection between the soul and the divine. Lalon Shah, a legendary Baul saint, has greatly influenced this tradition, and his songs remain timeless. Another significant form of folk music is Bhatiali, which is the music of boatmen. These songs express the feelings of loneliness and longing as boatmen navigate rivers for days. The melodies of Bhatiali are hauntingly beautiful, and they often talk about nature, love, and the deep bond between humans and water. Similarly, Bhawaiya, originating in northern Bangladesh, focuses on themes of love and rural life. It is known for its sweet and emotional tunes. Folk music in Bangladesh is not just limited to these forms. Gambhira, a type of satirical folk song from Rajshahi, blends music and humor to discuss social and political issues. Jari and Sari songs, often associated with storytelling, are performed in groups and narrate historical or religious events. These songs are a vibrant part of community gatherings and festivals. Traditional instruments like the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla play an important role in folk music, adding unique sounds and rhythms. The simplicity of these instruments complements the heartfelt lyrics, making folk music deeply moving. In conclusion, folk music in Bangladesh is a living tradition that reflects the culture, history, and emotions of the people. It is not just music but a way of life, connecting people to their roots and keeping the spirit of rural Bangladesh alive. Ad Ad

Composition / Essay Writing FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a colourful country. She is a country flourished by the beauty of Nature. Flowers are the integral part of her beauty. Each season approaches with a variety of flowers. They lend colour, smell, beauty and charm to the land. Almost every season in Bangladesh brings in its own wealth of flowers. They are of various kinds. They are both cultivated and wild flowers. There are also native as well as foreign flowers. They differ in size and colour. Some of the flowers are large, some are small. Some are yellow, some are red while some are multicoloured. There are flowers that smell sweet, while some others are scentless. The rose is the most beautiful of all flowers. It was not, however, originally, a native flower. It was brought from abroad. The rose is called the queen of flowers. It has a mild fragrance. It is a charming flower both in colour and fragrance. Some roses are white, some are red, some are pink and some are black. Now it is a popular flower in Bangladesh. The ‘Hasnahena’ is a small, white flower. It blooms in large number at a time and pours forth a flood of sweet smell. It is also cultivated in gardens and is highly prized. It is a summer flower. The ‘Kamini’ is also a summer flower. It is also white and rich in fragrance. The ‘Bakul’ blooms in a large tree. Its blossoms fall like tiny flakes of snow. It, too, is a summer flower. The ‘Bakul’ also blooms in summer. The ‘Gandharaj’ blooms in the rainy season. The ‘Rajanigandha’ ‘Gandharaj’ and the ‘Sandhamalati’ bloom at night and scatter their sweet smell to the night air. The ‘Jui’ and the ‘Beli’ are all white flowers. They also have sweet fragrance. The ‘Krishnachura’, the ‘Palash’, the ‘Karobi’ and the ‘Kadam’ bloom in summer and in the rainy season. They are scentless. They bloom in clusters. The ‘Palash’ and the ‘Krishnachura’ are very beautiful flowers. Their beautiful colour and shape attract people. The ‘Kadam’ has a mild smell. It is a wild flower, but it is liked very much. It looks like a small silken ball. The ‘Sunflower’ blooms in the rainy season. The ‘Sheuli’ comes at the advent of autumn. It is the queen of autumn. Its petals are snow white but its stem is yellowish. Its colour and smell charm us. Another flower that comes down like snow, and the petals of which are snow white, is the ‘Shefali’. Its stalk is yellow. It is, however, an autumn flower. The ‘Marigold’ has a golden hue. It grows only in winter. It is scentless but its bright colour attracts everyone. The ‘Cosmos’ and the ‘Dalia’ add to the beauty of our gardens in winter. The ‘Champa’ has a golden hue which fascinates everyone. Its sweet fragrance flows through the breeze of spring. The ‘Jaba’ blooms throughout the whole year. It is also scentless. Apart from the major flowers, there are many other common flowers. These are the ‘Jasmine,’ the ‘Togor’ the ‘Chameli’ the ‘Shimul’ the ‘Mandar’ etc. Some of them have no smell and are mainly liked for their beauty. Besides these, there are innumerable bush flowers. Some flowers bloom in water. The ‘Lotus’ and the ‘Lily’ grow in watery places. The ‘Shapla’ is our national flower. It grows everywhere in plenty. It is white with pinks. The ‘Kamini’ also grows in watery places. The beauty of nature is magnificent in Bangladesh. Flowers contribute much to beautify it. They are the symbols of beauty and purity. We use them as a token of love and respect. We use flowers on happy ceremonies and festivals. Bees gather honey from flowers and store it in their hives. We get honey from these hives. Now-a-days flowers have become very popular in Bangladesh. In the big cities there are many floral shops which sell flowers, garlands, bouquets. Flowers are cultivated in different parts of the country to supply flowers to these shops. Flowers are getting more and more importance in our country. This is a good sign for us. Flowers are the most beautiful objects of Nature. Nature has adorned our land with the most charming flowers of the world and has made us lovers of flowers. Men, women and children of Bangladesh love flowers all alike. We should take care of them. FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is a colourful country. She is a country flourished by the beauty of Nature. Flowers are the integral part of her beauty. Each season approaches with a variety of flowers. They lend colour, smell, beauty and charm to the land. Kinds: Almost every season in Bangladesh brings in its own wealth of flowers. They are of various kinds. They are both cultivated and wild flowers. There are also native as well as foreign flowers. They differ in size and colour. Some of the flowers are large, some are small. Some are yellow while some are multicoloured. There are flowers that smell sweet, while some others are scentless. Symbol of Nature: A flower is a symbol of holiness. The Great Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) was also a lover of flowers. He said, “If you have two pice, buy flowers with one pice and food with the other.” This shows the importance of flowers in the life of a human being. Aesthetic Value: A flower is a thing of beauty and a source of joy. It not only satisfies the aesthetic sense of a person, it also develops his soft emotions and feelings. A lover of beauty can hardly commit a crime. The major flowers and their characteristics, colour and smell: The rose is the most beautiful of all flowers. It was not, however, originally, a native flower. It was brought from abroad. The rose is called the queen of flowers. It has a mild fragrance. It is a charming flower both in colour and fragrance. Some roses, however, have no smell. Everybody loves to grow it if he can. Different kinds of roses grow in Bangladesh. Some roses are white, some are red, some are pink and some are black. Now it is a popular flower in Bangladesh. The ‘Hasnahena’ is a small, white flower. It blooms in large number at a time and pours forth a flood of sweet smell. It is also cultivated in gardens and is highly prized. It is a summer flower. The ‘Kamini’ is also a summer flower. It is also white and rich in fragrance. The ‘Bakul’ blooms is a large tree. It is not generally planted in a small garden. Its blossoms fall like tiny flakes of snow. It, too, is a summer flower. The ‘Bakul’ also blooms in summer. The ‘Gandharaj’ blooms in the rainy season. The ‘Rajanigandha’ ‘Gandharaj’ and the ‘Sandhamalati’ bloom at night and scatter their sweet smell to the night air. The ‘Jui’ and the ‘Beli’ are all white flowers. They also have sweet fragrance. The ‘Krishnachura’, the ‘Palash’, the ‘Karobi’ and the ‘Kadam’ bloom in summer and in the rainy season. They are scentless. They bloom in clusters. The ‘Palash’ and the ‘Krishnachura’ are very beautiful flowers. Their beautiful colour and shape attract people. The ‘Kadam’ blossom is yellow. It has a mild smell. It is a wild flower, but it is liked very much. It looks like a small silken ball. The ‘Sunflower’ blooms in the rainy season. The ‘Sheuli’ comes at the advent of autumn. It is the queen of autumn. Its petals are snow white but its stem is yellowish. Its colour and smell charm us. Another flower that comes down like snow, and the petals of which are snow white, is the ‘Shefali’. Its stalk is yellow. It is, however, an autumn flower. The ‘Marigold’ has a golden hue. It grows only in winter. It is scentless but its bright colour attracts everyone. The ‘Cosmos’ and the ‘Dalia’ add to the beauty of our gardens in winter. The ‘Champa’ has a golden hue which fascinates everyone. Its sweet fragrance flows through the breeze of spring. The ‘Jaba’ blooms throughout the whole year. It is also scentless. Some other common flowers: Apart from the major flowers, there are many other common flowers, the variety of the landscape of Bangladesh comes from these flowers. These are the ‘Jasmine,’ the ‘Togor’ the ‘Chameli’ the ‘Shimul’ the ‘Mandar’ etc. Some of them have no smell and are mainly liked for their beauty. Besides these, there are innumerable bush flowers. The flowers of watery place: Some flowers bloom in water. The ‘Lotus’ and the ‘Lily’ grow in watery places. The ‘Shapla’ is our national flower. It grows everywhere in plenty. It is white with pinks. The ‘Kamini’ also grows in watery places. Charm and uses: Nature in Bangladesh is not much spoilt by urbanisation. So, the beauty of nature is magnificent in Bangladesh. Flowers contribute much to beautify it. They are the symbols of beauty and purity. We use them as a token of love and respect. We use flowers on happy ceremonies and festivals. We present bouquets of flowers to our beloved persons and we also garland our leaders and visitors when they grace our functions. Bees gather honey from flowers and store it in their hives. We get honey from these hives. Now-a-days flowers have become very popular in Bangladesh. In the big cities there are many floral shops which sell flowers, garlands, bouquets. Flowers are cultivated in different parts of the country to supply flowers to these shops. During festivals, marriage ceremonies, memorable national days flowers bouquets and garlands are bought by large number of people. Flowers are getting more and more importance in our country. This is a good sign for us. Conclusion: Flowers are the most beautiful objects of Nature. Nature has adorned our land with the most charming flowers of the world and has made us lovers of flowers. Men, women and children of Bangladesh love flowers all alike. We should take care of them. THE FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a nursling of nature. She has endowed it with plentitude of flowers. In fact, many kinds of flowers grow in Bangladesh. Flowers are lovely to look at. They attract everybody. The flowers of Bangladesh vary in their shape, size, colour and smell. Some flowers are permanent and some are seasonal. Some are native and others are exotic. Some are garden flowers and others are wild. Some flowers have sweet scent and some are scentless. The rose is the queen of flowers. Some roses are noted for their fragrance and some for their beauty. The marigold, the gardenia, the jasmine, the china-rose, the tube-rose, the lotus, the water-lily are some of the remarkable flowers of Bangladesh. Some flowers grow on large trees. They include the kadamba, the bokul. and the krishnachura. Among the common season flowers mention may be made of the chrysanthemum, the dahlia, the daisy, and the poppy. The sunflower is a very large flower. Its seeds are crushed to produce edible oil. It is so-called, because it looks up to the sun and turns its face as the sun moves from east to west. Flowers are a special handi-work of nature. They are needed by the people of all creeds and castes on festive occasions and for special purposes. They are the symbols of beauty and purity. We like flowers, love flowers and enjoy flowers. All people will do well to start and foster floriculture in our country. Since every human being hoes flowers, cultivation and commercialization of flower can easily be pursued as a professor. For doing so, one does not need large space. A little space in front of one's house is sufficient enough for growing a wide variety of f1woers. The government may take some initiatives to encourage more and more people to take to flower cultivation and selling flower as a profession. Translation: বাংলাদেশের ফুল ভূমিকা:বাংলাদেশ একটি রঙিন দেশ। এটি প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্যে পরিপূর্ণ। ফুল তার সৌন্দর্যের অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ। প্রতিটি ঋতু নতুন নতুন ফুলের সাথে আসে। ফুলগুলি দেশের রঙ, গন্ধ, সৌন্দর্য এবং মাধুর্য যোগ করে। প্রকার:বাংলাদেশের প্রায় প্রতিটি ঋতু নিজস্ব ফুলের সমৃদ্ধি নিয়ে আসে। এগুলি বিভিন্ন প্রকারের—কিছু চাষযোগ্য এবং কিছু বন্য ফুল। এখানে দেশী এবং বিদেশী ফুলও রয়েছে। ফুলগুলি আকার এবং রঙে ভিন্ন। কিছু ফুল বড়, কিছু ছোট। কিছু হলুদ, কিছু বিভিন্ন রঙের মিশ্রণ। কিছু ফুলে মিষ্টি গন্ধ থাকে, আবার কিছু ফুলে কোনো গন্ধ থাকে না। প্রকৃতির প্রতীক:ফুল হল পবিত্রতার প্রতীক। মহান নবী হজরত মুহাম্মদ (সঃ)ও ফুলের প্রতি ভালোবাসা প্রকাশ করেছিলেন। তিনি বলেছিলেন, “যদি তোমার কাছে দুই পয়সা থাকে, এক পয়সা দিয়ে ফুল কিনো এবং অপর পয়সা দিয়ে খাবার কিনো।” এর মাধ্যমে তিনি মানুষের জীবনে ফুলের গুরুত্ব তুলে ধরেন। সৌন্দর্যমূল্য:ফুল হল সৌন্দর্যের এক অসাধারণ বস্তু এবং আনন্দের উৎস। এটি একজন মানুষের সৌন্দর্যবোধকে সন্তুষ্ট করে, পাশাপাশি তার কোমল অনুভূতি এবং অনুভূতি বিকাশে সাহায্য করে। সৌন্দর্যপ্রেমী মানুষ খুব কমই অপরাধে লিপ্ত হয়। প্রধান ফুলসমূহ এবং তাদের বৈশিষ্ট্য, রঙ এবং গন্ধ:গোলাপ সবচেয়ে সুন্দর ফুল। যদিও এটি মূলত দেশী ফুল নয়, এটি বিদেশ থেকে আনা হয়েছিল। গোলাপকে ‘ফুলের রাণী’ বলা হয়। এর মৃদু গন্ধ থাকে এবং রঙ ও গন্ধে অত্যন্ত মিষ্টি। তবে কিছু গোলাপের কোনো গন্ধ থাকে না। বাংলাদেশে গোলাপের বিভিন্ন প্রকার রয়েছে—কিছু সাদা, কিছু লাল, কিছু গোলাপি এবং কিছু কালো। এটি এখন বাংলাদেশের একটি জনপ্রিয় ফুল। ‘হাসনাহেনা’ একটি ছোট সাদা ফুল। এটি একসাথে অনেক ফুল ফোটায় এবং মিষ্টি গন্ধ ছড়ায়। এটি গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফুল। ‘কামিনী’ও একটি গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফুল। এটি সাদা এবং গন্ধে সমৃদ্ধ। ‘বাকুল’ একটি বড় গাছের ফুল। এটি সাধারণত ছোট বাগানে লাগানো হয় না। এর ফুলগুলি তুষারের মতো পড়ে। এটি গ্রীষ্মকালীন ফুল। ‘গন্ধরাজ’ এবং ‘রাজনীগন্ধা’ রাতের ফুল, যা রাতের বেলায় ফুল ফোটে এবং গন্ধ ছড়ায়। ‘জুঁই’ এবং ‘বেলী’ও সাদা ফুল এবং মিষ্টি গন্ধে পরিপূর্ণ। ‘কৃষ্ণচূড়া’, ‘পলাশ’, ‘করবি’ এবং ‘কদম’ গ্রীষ্মকাল এবং বর্ষাকালে ফোটে। এরা গন্ধহীন, তবে দলবদ্ধভাবে ফোটে। ‘পলাশ’ এবং ‘কৃষ্ণচূড়া’ অত্যন্ত সুন্দর ফুল। তাদের রঙ এবং আকার মানুষকে আকৃষ্ট করে। ‘কদম’ একটি হলুদ ফুল। এর মৃদু গন্ধ রয়েছে এবং এটি একটি বন্য ফুল, তবে এটি অত্যন্ত প্রিয়। ‘সূর্যমুখী’ ফুল বর্ষাকালে ফোটে। ‘শিউলি’ শরতের প্রথম ফুল। এটি শরতের রানী এবং এর পাপড়ি সাদা, তবে ডাঁটি হলুদ। এর রঙ এবং গন্ধ আমাদের মুগ্ধ করে। আরেকটি ফুল যা তুষারের মতো পড়ে এবং এর পাপড়ি সাদা, তা হলো ‘শেফালি’। এর ডাঁটি হলুদ এবং এটি শরতের ফুল। ‘গাঁদা’ একটি সোনালি রঙের ফুল যা শীতকালে ফোটে। এটি গন্ধহীন, তবে এর উজ্জ্বল রঙ সবাইকে আকৃষ্ট করে। ‘কসমস’ এবং ‘ডালিয়া’ শীতকালে আমাদের বাগানের সৌন্দর্য বাড়ায়। ‘চাম্পা’ একটি সোনালি রঙের ফুল, যা বসন্তে একটি মিষ্টি গন্ধ ছড়ায়। ‘জবা’ সারা বছর ধরে ফোটে, তবে এটি গন্ধহীন। অন্য সাধারণ ফুলসমূহ:প্রধান ফুলের পাশাপাশি বাংলাদেশের প্রাকৃতিক দৃশ্যের বৈচিত্র্য এসব সাধারণ ফুল থেকে আসে। এগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে ‘জ্যাসমিন’, ‘তোগর’, ‘চামেলি’, ‘শিমুল’, ‘মandar’ ইত্যাদি। কিছু ফুলের গন্ধ নেই, তবে তাদের সৌন্দর্যই মূলত তাদের জনপ্রিয়তার কারণ। এছাড়া, দেশে অসংখ্য ঝোপের ফুলও রয়েছে। জলজ ফুলসমূহ:কিছু ফুল জলাশয়ে ফোটে। ‘পদ্ম’ এবং ‘শাপলা’ জলাশয়ে জন্মায়। ‘শাপলা’ আমাদের জাতীয় ফুল এবং এটি সারা দেশে প্রচুর পরিমাণে জন্মায়। এটি সাদা এবং গোলাপী রঙের। ‘কামিনী’ও জলজ ফুল। আকর্ষণ এবং ব্যবহার:বাংলাদেশে নগরায়নের কারণে প্রকৃতি বেশি ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়নি, তাই এখানে প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্য অবিস্মরণীয়। ফুলগুলি সেই সৌন্দর্যকে আরও বৃদ্ধি করে। ফুল হল সৌন্দর্য এবং পবিত্রতার প্রতীক। আমরা ফুলকে ভালোবাসা এবং শ্রদ্ধার প্রতীক হিসেবে ব্যবহার করি। আমরা ফুল ব্যবহার করি আনন্দের অনুষ্ঠান এবং উৎসবগুলোতে। আমরা আমাদের প্রিয়জনদের ফুলের তোড়া উপহার দেই এবং নেতাদের এবং অতিথিদের ফুলের মালা পরাই যখন তারা আমাদের অনুষ্ঠানে আসেন। মৌমাছি ফুল থেকে মধু সংগ্রহ করে এবং তা তাদের চাকে রাখে। আমরা এই মধু সংগ্রহ করি। বর্তমানে, বাংলাদেশের বড় শহরগুলোতে অনেক ফুলের দোকান রয়েছে, যা ফুল, মালা, তোড়া বিক্রি করে। দেশের বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলে ফুল চাষ করা হয় যাতে এই দোকানগুলোতে ফুল সরবরাহ করা যায়। উৎসব, বিয়ে, স্মরণীয় জাতীয় দিবসগুলোতে ফুলের তোড়া এবং মালা কিনে নেয় অনেক মানুষ। ফুলের গুরুত্ব বাংলাদেশে দিন দিন বাড়ছে। এটি আমাদের জন্য একটি ভালো লক্ষণ। উপসংহার:ফুল প্রকৃতির সবচেয়ে সুন্দর বস্তু। প্রকৃতি আমাদের দেশের মাটি সাজিয়েছে পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে আকর্ষণীয় ফুল দিয়ে এবং আমাদের ফুলপ্রেমী বানিয়ে তুলেছে। বাংলাদেশে পুরুষ, মহিলা এবং শিশুরা সবাই ফুল ভালোবাসে। আমাদের উচিত এগুলির যত্ন নেওয়া। Vocabulary: 100 vocabulary words related to flowers in Bangladesh, along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings: English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Flower ফুল (Phul) फूल (Phool) Nature প্রকৃতি (Prakriti) प्रकृति (Prakriti) Colour রং (Rang) रंग (Rang) Fragrance সুগন্ধ (Sugandha) खुशबू (Khushboo) Beauty সৌন্দর্য (Sundarjo) सुंदरता (Sundarta) Wild বন্য (Bonya) जंगली (Jangli) Cultivated চাষ (Chash) खेती (Kheti) Native দেশীয় (Deshi) देशी (Desi) Foreign বিদেশী (Bideshi) विदेशी (Videshi) Large বড় (Boro) बड़ा (Bada) Small ছোট (Chhoto) छोटा (Chhota) Sweet মিষ্টি (Mishti) मीठा (Meetha) Scentless গন্ধহীন (Gandahin) बिना खुशबू (Bina Khushboo) Rose গোলাপ (Golap) गुलाब (Gulab) Queen রাণী (Rani) रानी (Rani) Mild মৃদু (Mridu) हल्का (Halka) Charm আকর্ষণ (Akarshan) आकर्षण (Aakarshan) White সাদা (Sada) सफेद (Safed) Pink গোলাপি (Golapi) गुलाबी (Gulabi) Red লাল (Lal) लाल (Laal) Black কালো (Kalo) काला (Kala) Garden বাগান (Bagan) बग़ीचा (Bagicha) Summer গ্রীষ্ম (Grishmo) गर्मी (Garmi) Rainy বর্ষা (Borsha) बारिश (Barish) Night রাত (Raat) रात (Raat) Cluster দলে দলে (Dole Dole) गुच्छा (Guchcha) Bloom ফুটে ওঠা (Phute Otha) खिलना (Khilna) Petal পাপড়ি (Papri) पंखुड़ी (Pankhudi) Fragrance সুগন্ধ (Sugandha) खुशबू (Khushboo) Aroma সুবাস (Subash) खुशबू (Khushboo) Beautiful সুন্দর (Sundar) सुंदर (Sundar) Shapla শাপলা (Shapla) शापला (Shapla) Lotus পদ্ম (Padma) कमल (Kamal) Lily লিলি (Lili) कुमुद (Kumud) Kamini কামিনী (Kamini) कामिनी (Kamini) Hasnahena হাসনাহেনা (Hasnahena) हसनाहेना (Hasnahena) Jui জুঁই (Jui) जूई (Jui) Beli বেলী (Beli) बेली (Beli) Krishnachura কৃষ্ণচূড়া (Krishnachura) कृष्णचूरा (Krishnachura) Palash পলাশ (Palash) पलाश (Palash) Kadam কদম (Kadam) कदम्ब (Kadamba) Sunflower সূর্যমুখী (Surjomukhi) सूरजमुखी (Surajmukhi) Sheuli শিউলি (Shiuli) श्यूलि (Shyuli) Shefali শেফালি (Shefali) शेफाली (Shefali) Marigold গাঁদা (Gada) गेंदा (Genda) Cosmos কসমস (Kosmos) कास्मोस (Cosmos) Dalia ডালিয়া (Dalia) डलिया (Dalia) Champa চম্পা (Champa) चमपा (Champa) Jaba জবা (Jaba) जाबा (Jaba) Jasmine জুঁই (Jui) चमेली (Chameli) Togor টগর (Togor) टेगोर (Tegor) Chameli চামেলী (Chameli) चमेली (Chameli) Shimul শিমুল (Shimul) शिमुल (Shimul) Mandar মন্দার (Mandar) मंदार (Mandar) Chrysanthemum চন্দ্রমল্লিকা (Chandramallika) क्राइसेंथमम (Chrysanthemum) Dahlia ডালিয়া (Dalia) डहलिया (Dahlia) Daisy ডেইজি (Deiji) डेज़ी (Daisy) Poppy আফিম (Afim) पोपी (Poppy) Kadamba কদম্ব (Kadamba) कदम्ब (Kadamba) Gardenia গার্ডেনিয়া (Gardenia) गार्डेनिया (Gardenia) China-rose চায়না গোলাপ (China Golap) चीन गुलाब (China Gulab) Tube-rose টিউব-গোলাপ (Tube-Golap) ट्यूब गुलाब (Tube Gulab) Water-lily জলপিয়াল (Jolpiyal) जललिली (Jallily) Marigold গাঁদা (Gada) गेंदा (Genda) Hibiscus গোলাপি চন্দ্রমল্লিকা (Golapi Chandramallika) हिबिस्कस (Hibiscus)

Paragraph Writing   FLOOD Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Her lands are also low lying. So floods visit this country almost every year. Flood is a natural calamity. The excessive overflow of water that carries away houses, uproots trees and plants and damages crops is called flood. There are many causes of flood. They are heavy rainfall, tidal waves, terrible storm, earthquakes, snow melt etc. Flood causes heavy damage to life and property of the people. It washes away villages and towns. The streets, roads and houses go under water during flood. People suffer much and their normal life is disturbed. The after effects of flood are very dangerous. People do not get pure drinking water. So, various kinds of diseases break out in the flood affected areas. Famine also breaks out in those areas. Flood does some good to us by bringing much silt and making land fertile. In our country flood means a terrible misfortune. The people of Bangladesh cannot forget the terrible floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, and 1988. The flood of 1998 affected almost all the districts of Bangladesh. We must find out a solution of this problem.   Model Answer-2 A flood I have witnessed Bangladesh is a riverine country. Flood is one of the destructive natural calamities. Ours is a low country on the mouth of Bay of Bengal. Flood occurs almost every year in our country. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of floods. I have an experience about the severity of flood. Two years ago, during a rainy season, all of our family members went to our village to spend the vacation. There was excessive rainfall in the village. But the sudden increase of water in the rivers overflowed their banks and submerged the land. The flood water washed away houses, ruined crops, uprooted the trees and destroyed men and cattle. Many people were rendered homeless and many lives were lost. That flood broke all the records of the past. The whole country was inundated. All communication was cut off. So, the sufferings of the people knew no bounds. The after effects were even more dangerous. Epidemic and famine broke out in the village. People suffered from lack of drinking water. There was scarcity of foods, clothes, medicines and so on. The dead body of man and animal were here and there. In one word, the situation of the whole country was horrifying. It was really a sad episode of my life. I will never forget it for its devastation. Model Answer-3 MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD AFFECTED AREA ​ When the flaw of water increases then usual, vast areas of the riverbank go under water and we call it flood. Bangladesh has hundreds of rivers so flood is a very common phenomenon in our country. It occurs almost in every rainy season. The low lying areas are the main victim of flood. Last year we witnessed a horrible month long flood. It was the month of June, The northern region of the country was under water. Manikganj was the most affected area. Reports came in newspapers and satellite channels about the poor condition of the people of that region and we wanted to help them. So, I along with some of my friend of our school collected relief materials and went to Manikganj to aid the poor flood affected people. Going there we saw the devastation of flood with our own eyes. About 80 percent area of the district was under water. Crops of about 10,000 hectors of land was washed away. Many dead animals were seen floating on the water. People were in miserable condition, man and animal living together in the flood shelters or in some educational institutes. They were suffering in want of food, shelter and medicine. Water spread diseases were spreading at an alarming rate. We tried to help them as much as we could but it was really inadequate. The government relief was not enough also and it was clear that they would have to suffer more. People of all walks of life should come forward in such calamities to remove the distress of the suffering people because one day we might also fall victim to it. Ad Ad Composition / Essay Writing Floods in Bangladesh   The excessive over flow of water that carries away our houses, uproots our trees and plants and damages our crops is called flood.  It is a state of a country when a vast area of her goes under water. It causes immense damage to live and properties of people. Bangladesh is a low plain land. Many rivers flow over her. As a result, she is often visited by floods. Sometimes there are floods for some days and even for months.   There are many causes of floods. The main cause of floods is heavy rainfall. In the rainy season, it often rains cats and dogs. Pools, canals and rivers are filled up and can hold no more water. So, the rain-water overflows the banks of the canals and rivers and stands on the field. Sometimes snow melts in mountains. The water flows down the rivers and floods the houses and crops of the country. In Bangladesh floods are mainly caused due to heavy rains. So, floods visit almost every year in Bangladesh.   Flood causes a great havoc. It washes away houses, crops and uproots trees. Communication is cut off. People can not go from one place to another without boat. Innumerable cattle are swept away causing much suffering to the farmers. People die for want of proper food, drink and medicine. The after-effect of flood is not less terrible- Famine breaks out in the wake of flood and many people die without flood. After the flood epidemic diseases like cholera, dysentery, diarrhea and fever break out on the flood affected areas. Scarcity of drinking water causes great suffering of the people. On the other hand, flood has same good effects also. It makes land fertile. Crops and vegetables grow in abundance in these fertile lands. Some uncultivable lands become cultivable after the flood.   Flood is a natural calamity. Man has no power to stop it. Man can lessen its fury. He can control it. At first, the shallow river beds of should be dredged and deepened so that the overflow of water may be stopped. Embankments should be constructed on the bank of the rivers. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high loads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them.   Relief measures are taken for flood affected people. Money, food, cloth, drinking water, medicine etc. should be distributed among them. A well planned irrigation system will go a long way to reduce the extent and fury of flood. Free seeds are supplied to the cultivators. These measures mitigate the sufferings of the people to some extent   In the year of 1987, 1988, 1991 and 1998 devastating floods occurred in Bangladesh. But the recent flood of 2004 was the most dangerous. The flood-water rose above the danger level for about 80 days.   In Bangladesh floods cause a huge loss, almost every year. If we cannot check the huge loss that flood causes to our country every year, our development is well nigh impossible. So we should co-operate our government in controlling flood at best and then Bangladesh may be saved from the house of flood.     Advanced:                                                          Floods in Bangladesh   Floods in Bangladesh, characterized by the excessive overflow of water that engulfs homes, uproots trees and damages crops, represent a catastrophic event of significant proportions. This phenomenon, which submerges a vast area of the country, wreaks unimaginable havoc upon the lives and properties of its inhabitants. Due to the topography of the region, which is characterized by low plain lands traversed by numerous rivers, Bangladesh is vulnerable to recurring floods that last for days or even months on end.   A deluge of causes, including heavy rainfall and snowmelt from mountains, is responsible for this cataclysmic event. In the rainy season, downpours are frequent and heavy, saturating pools, canals and rivers beyond their holding capacity. Consequently, excess water spills over the banks of these water bodies, inundating the fields and causing widespread destruction. While there are a variety of factors contributing to floods, in Bangladesh, heavy rainfall is the most significant cause, leading to recurrent flooding every year.   The aftermath of a flood is devastating, with houses, crops, and trees swept away in its wake. Communication and transportation systems are disrupted, leaving people stranded and cut off from essential resources. Livestock is frequently carried away, exacerbating the difficulties faced by farmers. People suffer from a lack of food, potable water, and medical supplies, leading to disease and even death. The impact of floods extends beyond the event itself, causing famine and the spread of deadly diseases, such as cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, and fever.   Nevertheless, floods can also have beneficial effects on land. They can create fertile grounds that support the growth of crops and vegetables, and make formerly uncultivable lands arable.   As a natural calamity, floods cannot be halted, but their severity can be reduced through the implementation of effective measures. To mitigate their effects, shallow river beds should be dredged and deepened to prevent water overflow. Embankments should be constructed to line the riverbanks, and numerous sluices and outlets should be built on high loads and railway tracks to facilitate the drainage of rainwater.   To aid those affected by floods, relief measures such as monetary aid, food, clothing, medicine, and potable water must be distributed. A well-planned irrigation system would also prove instrumental in reducing the extent and severity of floods. The provision of free seeds to cultivators would further alleviate the suffering of the people.   The history of floods in Bangladesh reveals a bleak picture. Devastating floods have occurred in 1987, 1988, 1991, 1998, and most recently in 2004, when the floodwaters exceeded the danger level for 80 days.   In the face of this recurring disaster, it is imperative that measures are taken to check the losses incurred annually. Failure to do so will hinder Bangladesh's development. Therefore, a concerted effort, including the cooperation of the government and its citizens, must be undertaken to combat this recurring calamity and prevent the country from being submerged by floods. FLOODS IN BANGLADESH   Flood means the inundation of land. Bangladesh is a land of monsoon. During monsoon it rains heavily. Bangladesh is a low-lying, riverine country. Almost every year flood hits the country during the rainy season. It is one of the natural calamites in Bangladesh. When it takes place seriously, it weakens our hopes of prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and property. It is a curse of Nature to us. Floods are generally caused by heavy rainfall in the country, particularly in the mountains and hills which are the sources of the rivers. The water of these heavy rains in high places cannot often flow quickly into the ocean owing to bad drainage system and lack of sufficient number of outlets and sluices. The water rises beyond the banks of the rivers and overflows. It is also caused by cyclones, tidal bores of melting of snows at the origin of the rivers or the hindrance to the natural flow of water. Bangladesh is in the southwest monsoon region. So it receives heavy rain from about April to September. Moreover, heavier rainfall occurs in the mountainous regions of northern and eastern India. Most of this water flows down through the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries into Bangladesh. Fed by the monsoon showers the rivers in Bangladesh are already full. So when they receive more water from India, they are in spate. When floods rise high in a country, they cause untold damage to life and property. Crops are damaged, trees are uprooted and houses are washed away. Cattle and other domestic animals are then washed away by the current. Thousands of people are rendered homeless. They take shelter on quickly built bamboo platforms, high roads and railway trucks and live on charity. Sometimes flood-water rises very sharply. At such times many perish before any rescue operation can be arranged. The devastation caused by floods in some areas baffles description. Flood in Bangladesh means a terrible misfortune. The after-effects of floods are more serious. When floods subside, they leave behind devastated lands, epidemic diseases and scarcity of not only food and fodder but also of pure drinking water. Widespread damage to crops causes famine in the flood-affected areas and many die of starvation for want of food. Many lose their homes, their nearest and dearest ones and many even their lives. Cattle die in thousands. Trade and commerce come to a dead halt. Floods cause not only terrible human suffering but also national loss. They disrupt communication and transport by damaging bridges and breaching roads and railway tracks. The future is bleak for those who escape death. They scan the future and see harder days ahead. Devastated houses have to be rebuilt. Cattle have to be bought. Food has to be arranged until the next crop. So, the flood-stricken people, on the whole, have to start their life anew. Floods do a little good to us. During floods our rivers carry a great deal of silt which makes the land fertile. As a result, many kinds of crops grow in plenty. Floods also wash away the accumulated filth that produces germs of various diseases.   In the year of 1987, 1988 and 1991 devastating floods occurred. They affected the Northern and Southern districts including the capital city. But the recent flood of 1998 was dangerous and unprecedented. The flood­water rose above the danger level for about 80 days. This flood covered about one lac square kilometre. According to the statistics, about 55/60 lac people were shelterless. 75% crops of the total country were destroyed. The loss in the sphere of industry was worth 2000 crore. Domestic animals died in an alarming rate. About 800 people died during this flood. It is not wholly possible to prevent floods. But much can be done to alleviate the sufferings of the flood-affected people. To help the helpless victims of a flood-stricken area, relief and free medical help should be promptly reached. The public should contribute according to their means, and those who are able and wiling should come forward to work as volunteers. The unfortunate people should be rehabilitated in their homestead after the flood-water subsides. They have to be helped to rebuild their houses. Loans on easy terms should be granted to them to enable them to take up their work of life again. Pure drinking water must be ensured. Proper steps should be taken for the prevention of floods in our country. All the rivers should be controlled by proper engineering works so that they may not overflow their banks. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high roads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them. Dams and embankments should be constructed at different places to regulate the flow of water.   Comparing with the evils of floods, their good effects are insignificant. Floods bring more destruction, disaster, misery to us. So, we should always try to control flood at any cost. FLOODS IN BANGLADESH The excessive overflow of water that carries away our houses, uproots our trees and plants and damages our crops is called flood. It is a state of a country when a vast area of her goes under water. It causes immense damage to live and properties of people. Bangladesh is a low plain land. Many rivers flow over her. As a result, she is often visited by floods. Sometimes there are floods for some days and even for months. There are many causes of floods. The main cause of floods is heavy rainfall. In the rainy season, it often rains cats and dogs. Pools, canals and rivers are filled up and can hold no more water. So, the rain-water overflows the banks of the canals and rivers and stands on the field. Sometimes snow melts in mountains. The water flows down the rivers and floods the houses and crops of the country. In Bangladesh floods are mainly caused due to heavy rains. So, floods visit almost every year in Bangladesh. Flood causes a great havoc. It washes away houses, crops and uproots trees. Communication is cut off. People can not go from one place to another without boat. Innumerable cattle are swept away causing much suffering to the farmers. People die for want of proper food, drink and medicine. The after-effect of flood is not less terrible- Famine breaks out in the wake of flood and many people die without flood. After the flood epidemic diseases like cholera, dysentery, diarrhea and fever break out on the flood affected areas. Scarcity of drinking water causes great suffering of the people. On the other hand, flood has same good effects also. It makes land fertile. Crops and vegetables grow in abundance in these fertile lands. Some uncultivable lands become cultivable after the flood. Flood is a natural calamity. Man has no power to stop it. Man can lessen its fury. He can control it. At first, the shallow river beds of should be dredged and deepened so that the overflow of water may be stopped. Embankments should be constructed on the bank of the rivers. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high loads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them. Relief measures are taken for flood affected people. Money, food, cloth, drinking water, medicine etc. should be distributed among them. A well planned irrigation system will go a long way to reduce the extent and fury of flood. Free seeds are supplied to the cultivators. These measures mitigate the sufferings of the people to some extent In the year of 1987, 1988, 1991 and 1998 devastating floods occurred in Bangladesh. But the recent flood of 2004 was the most dangerous. The flood-water rose above the danger level for about 80 days.   In Bangladesh floods cause a huge loss, almost every year. If we cannot check the huge loss that flood causes to our country every year, ourdevelopment is well nigh impossible. So we should co-operate our government in controlling flood at best and then Bangladesh may be saved from the house of flood.             FLOODS IN BANGLADESH Flood means the inundation of land. Bangladesh is a land of monsoon. During monsoon it rains heavily. Bangladesh is a low-lying, riverine country. Almost every year flood hits the country during the rainy season. It is one of the natural calamites in Bangladesh. When it takes place seriously, it weakens our hopes of prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and property. It is a curse of Nature to us. Floods are generally caused by heavy rainfall in the country, particularly in the mountains and hills which are the sources of the rivers. The water of these heavy rains in high places cannot often flow quickly into the ocean owing to bad drainage system and lack of sufficient number of outlets and sluices. The water rises beyond the banks of the rivers and overflows. It is also caused by cyclones, tidal bores or melting of snows at the origin of the rivers or the hindrance to the natural flow of water. When floods rise high in a country, they cause untold damage to life and property. Crops are damaged, trees are uprooted and houses are washed away. Cattle and other domestic animals are then washed away by the current. Thousands of people are rendered homeless. The devastation caused by floods in some areas baffles description. Flood in Bangladesh means a terrible misfortune. The after-effects of floods are more serious. When floods subside, they leave behind devastated lands, epidemic diseases and scarcity of not only food and fodder but also of pure drinking water. Widespread damage to crops causes famine in the flood-affected areas and many die of starvation for want of food. Many lose their homes, their nearest and dearest ones and many even their lives. Cattle die in thousands. Trade and commerce come to a dead halt. So, the flood-stricken people, on the whole, have to start their life anew. Floods do a little good to us. During floods our rivers carry a great deal of silt which makes the land fertile. As a result, many kinds of crops grow in plenty. Floods also wash away the accumulated filth that produces germs of various diseases. In the year of 1987, 1988 and 1991 devastating floods occurred. They affected the Northern and Southern districts including the capital city. But the recent flood of 1998 was dangerous and unprecedented. The flood­water rose above the danger level for about 80 days. This flood covered about one lac square kilometre. According to the statistics, about 55/60 lac people were shelterless. 75% crops of the total country were destroyed. The loss in the sphere of industry was worth 2000 crore. Domestic animals died in an alarming rate. About 800 people died during this flood.   It is not wholly possible to prevent floods. But much can be done to alleviate the sufferings of the flood-affected people. To help the distressed people of a flood-stricken area, relief and free medical aid should be promptly reached. The unfortunate people should be rehabilitated in their homestead after the flood-water subsides. Loans on easy terms should be granted to them to enable them to take up their work of life again. Pure drinking water must be ensured. Proper steps should be taken for the prevention of floods in our country. All the rivers should be controlled by proper engineering works so that they may not overflow their banks. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high roads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them. Dams and embankments should be constructed at different places to regulate the flow of water. Comparing with the evils of floods, their good effects are insignificant. Floods bring more destruction, disaster, misery to us. So, we should always try to control flood at any cost. THE FLOODS IN BANGLADESH During the summer and the rainy seasons. the water of the rivers often rises so high because of incessant and heavy rainfall that it overflows the banks and vast areas of land go under water. This sudden rise of water is called flood. Flood is mainly caused by heavy showers of rain during the rainy season. Rivers and canals cannot hold the water of rains and the water overflows the banks which causes flood. In hilly regions floods may occur as a result of heavy down flow of water on account of the melting of snow on mountains. Again, catastrophic flood may be caused by cyclones and tidal bores in the seas. Flood causes havoc to lives and properties. The granaries of the peasants are destroyed. Cattle and even human beings are killed, houses are destroyed. People have to stay under the open sky. All communication with the outside world is cut off. Hence, the sufferings of the people know no bounds. To add to the misery, it leaves behind extensive damages of crops and diseases break out in an epidemic form. Flood leaves behind widespread devastation. There is a dearth of pure drinking water, Wide-spread damage of crops results in famine. A large number of human beings and animals die of starvation. In fact, the after effect of flood is more terrible. The flood of 1998 is an example of the most terrible flood in recent years. Floods in an agricultural country like ours have often been looked upon as a blessing in disguise. Floods leave on the submerged areas a rich alluvial deposit that greatly increases the fertility of soil that results in bumper crops. Besides, it also, washes away the garbage that accumulates on the surface of the earth. During floods. people come forward to help the sufferers. They are given relief material by charitable people. different organisations and by the government. Many other countries in the world also extend their helping hands for the victims. A definite scheme should be adopted to prevent the flood permanently. Proper dams and embankments should be constructed so that the water of the rivers cannot rise above the danger level.   Obstacles to the natural flow of water should be removed. The silted-up beds of the rivers have to be excavated for carrying more water. Unless this catastrophe is checked, our development is impossible. Therefore, we should find out a permanent solution to control floods to ensure our development.                  EXPERIENCE OF A FLOOD IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh is rich in her scenic beauties. Green trees, paddy fields, numerous ‘bills’ and countless rivers and canals are the permanent features of nature of Bangladesh. But, it is a disaster-prone country. Cyclones and floods are our regular visitors. When a flood takes place seriously, it weakens our hopes of prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and property. It is a curse of Nature to us. In the year of 1987, 1988 and 1991 devastating floods occurred in our country. They affected the Northern and Southern districts including the capital city. But the flood of 1998 was dangerous and unprecedented. In 1998 the flood affected nearly two-thirds area of the country. Out of 64 districts, 52 were inundated. The flood water stood still for almost three months. Thousands of acres of cropland were submerged. Paddy-fields and fruit gardens were completely destroyed. An estimate shows that about 40 lakh tons of food-grains were damaged. An estimated 3, 00, 00,000 (3 crore) of people were directly hit by the flood water. Thousands of homesteads got washed away, and cattle and domestic birds were endangered. About one thousand people lost their lives from various accidents like snake-biting, boat-sinking or getting electrocuted from the torn or loose electric cables. In the countryside thousands of farmer families remained imprisoned by water for months together. Their untold miseries knew no bounds. The damages of the 1998 flood were uncountable. Crops and paddy were damaged standing in the fields. An agricultural report says that about 13 lakh tons of food grains have been destroyed. And fisheries and cattle, the loss is worth 12.5 crore taka. And in industrial sector, the loss is estimated at Tk. 2000 crore. The flood had also damaged the rail and road communications throughout the country. The highways between Dhaka and other parts of the country were flooded for weeks and when the flood water receded they were found to be washed away or broken at many places. About 13000 km. of road has been damaged and embankments, culverts had also been extensively damaged. Electric polls and towers were heavily damaged. A preliminary report says that the loss in the education sector was about Tk. 700 crore. The loss of lives so far known is 800. During the flood and after the flood people from all classes came together to help the flood-affected people. Large supply of food including rice, dal, muri, chira, clothes and pure drinking water was ensured to the people who took shelter in the relief centres. All schools and colleges in Dhaka and other flood affected cities were used as relief centres. Many voluntary organisations had opened shelter campuses too. Many temporary health clinics were also opened. Many cultural organisations had also come forward to help the affected. The students of different educational institutions had done a great humanitarian work. Many people had dedicated themselves indirectly to the relief work by donating money to Prime Minister’s Fund. Ours is a flood-plain country. So we have to design initiatives keeping this in mind. Proper steps should be taken for the prevention of floods in our country. All the rivers should be controlled by proper engineering works so that they may not overflow their banks. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high roads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them. Dams and embankments should be constructed at different places to regulate the flow of water. Moreover, To help the helpless victims of a flood-stricken area, relief and free medical help should be promptly reached. The public should contribute according to their means, and those who are able and wiling should come forward to work as volunteers. There was no way to know way the flood flowed over the country on such a massive scale. The weather experts environmentalists suggest that it may have caused from an earth tremor in the Bay of Bengal which caused the and the Padma, have divided Bangladesh into two district parts for thousands of years. Communication and trading between the north Bengal and other parts of the country were difficult. So, when Bangabandhu Sheikh Mijibur Rahman want to Japan of a visit, he requested the Japanese government to help build a bridge over the Jamuna. In 1973, Japan sent a team of experts, which selected four points at which the bridge could be built. In 1976, the Japanese team submitted a report in eight parts juging the Sirajgunj-Tangail axis as the best point. The construction of the bridge finally got started in 1994, and through intersive work-schedule, it got finished in 1998. It is the eight longest bridge in the world and has cost about 3,850 crore taka. The money was co-donated by the World Bank, Japan and Bangladesh government respectively. The construction was done by Huyndai company of Korea. It is 4.8 Km long and 18.5 metres wide. It has 49 columns. It is joined alongside with rail lines (both metre and broad gauge), electric and telephone cables, and gas lines. The bridge will be the mainstay of our economic growth in future. Communication between Dhaka and the northern districts will be so quick and cheap that trade and business will flourish overnight. New industries will also be set up. Because of the growth of trade and commerce, new jobs will be created. In short, the national treasury will be boosted up by the operation of this Bridge. The Bridge itself has become a major attraction for tourists. Everyday hundreds of people visit the Bridge to look at its architectural beauty and to enjoy the open air of the river. A bridge once made does not remain new for ever. It has to be maintained well. There is a already a company installed solely to look after the maintenance and security of the Bridge. It is also important to keep the Bridge functional during a hartal programme. We all look forward to deriving the maximum benefit from this bridge.   Flood in Bangladesh   Flood is nothing but a caprice of nature. It is a natural calamity. It visits our country almost every year. The floods that occurred in the years 1954, 1960, 1968, 1970, 1987 etc. were terrible. But the flood of October in 1998 was the most devastating and dangerous in the history of floods in our country. It is caused in many ways. Sometimes rain falls heavily for days together. The rain water of mountains flows down the river. Sometimes the river can not contain so much water. Then the water overflows the rivers and inundates the adjacent lands. Unplanned highways and embankments without proper outlets of water cause floods. In a word, a sudden rush of water overflows the banks of rivers or canals and causes flood. Untold sufferings and damages are caused by flood. It takes away life and property. It sweeps away villages and towns. It destroys crops, houses, trees, cattle heads and other domestic animals. Many people become homeless. The sufferings of the people know no bounds. Cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrhoea break out in the epidemic form. There is scarcity of pure drinking water. Many people die of starvation. The price of daily necessities goes up very high. Immediate relief is needed for the flood-stricken people. Money, food, cloth, drinking water, medicine etc. should be distributed among them. The Govt. and the people of the country should work together for this.   Immediate effective steps should be taken to prevent the effects of floods. Some of the banks should be raised and embankments must bemade strong. Dams should be made to store the excess water of these rivers. Flood is a serious problem. But it has some good effects. It makes the soil fertile. It also washes away all impurities of land. Still we never welcome a flood in a terrible form. We should co-operate with our government in controlling floods. The sooner it is done, the hotter for the people of Bangladesh.   Recent Flood in Chittagong Flood is a natural calamity. It has become a regular problem for us. Every year flood visits some parts of Bangladesh. But recent flood in Chittagong has broken the previous records. It has brought great misery to the people because land slide, another natural disaster has joined this year . Flood is caused in many ways. Among them heavy rainfall, rising of water level in the river,tidal bore , melting of snow in the Himalayan tidal waves etc. are the main causes of flood. Besides these impeding water flow of rivers and drains is another noteworthy cause of flood in the urban area. Cutting hill indiscriminately is the main cause of land slide which increase suffering during flood. The effect of recent flood is immense . It has caused great havoc to crops, houses, cattle, roads , culverts, schools , colleges and other institution has been washed away. What is more grievous is that at least 130 people has died due to this disaster. Many people has to suffer a lot owing to lack of food, shelter and medicine. Water borne diseases like diarrhea, cholera , dysentry, etc. has broken out in the flood affected areas. The post flood miseries are much more greater than that of during flood . All communication from the outside world has cut off. In Bangladesh flood causes a huge loss every year. So, it is urgently necessary to take proper steps for the prevention of flood. Both long and short term plans can be taken for this. All the rivers should be re-excavated and good drainage system should be introduced. A large number of sluice and outlet should be made for the easy passing of rain water. Hill cutting should be stopped immediately to minimize suffering of the people during fiood. All drains of urban area should be freed from illegal land grasper so that water-flow can remain normal during rainfall. MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD-AFFECTED AREA Bangladesh is rich in her scenic beauties. Green trees, paddy fields, numerous ‘bills’ and countless rivers and canals are the permanent features of nature of Bangladesh. But, it is a disaster-prone country too. Flood, a destructive natural phenomenon, visits our country every year. When a flood takes place seriously, it weakens our hopes of prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and prosperity. It causes damage to crops, life and property. It is a curse of Nature to us.   Last year almost all the districts of Bangladesh were affected by the flood. The worst-affected place was perhaps Sylhet where I had to go to render services to the flood-stricken people there. I went there as a volunteer in the relief party organised by the teachers and senior students of our school / college.   The plight of the flood-stricken people, loss of lives of men and women and destruction of huts and houses that I witnessed there beggar description. The horrible scene exceeded all that my wildest imagination could conceive of. Many villages had been swept away, leaving only a heap of shapeless ruins. Many people died and those who escaped death suffered terribly. Of cattle and other animals, not one was alive, and their carcasses lay scattered here and there. In some villages, a few able-bodied men had managed to save themselves by climbing on tree-tops. The women, children and infirm old people were carried to safe places. The few survivors whom we found were more dead than alive. They had been starving since the day of the flood and had hardly a piece of cloth to cover their shivering nakedness. Their hungry looks frightened us, and it is not an exaggeration to say that our faculties of thought and action were benumbed before the scene of horror.   We took the help to the flood-affected people. Large supply of food including rice, dal, muri, chira, clothes and pure drinking water was ensured to the people who took shelter in the relief centres. We opened shelter campuses too. Meanwhile many temporary health clinics were also opened. Many cultural organisations had also come forward to help the affected. After three days experience we came back with a heavy heart. The experience I gathered from there is really an appalling one. The scenes still haunt my mind. In the year of 1987, 1988 and 1991 devastating floods occurred in our country. They affected the Northern and Southern districts including the capital city. But the flood of 1998 was dangerous and unprecedented. In 1998 the flood affected nearly two-thirds area of the country. Out of 64 districts, 52 were inundated. The flood water stood still for almost three months. Thousands of acres of cropland were submerged. Paddy-fields and fruit gardens were completely destroyed. An estimate shows that about 40 lakh tons of food-grains were damaged. An estimated 3, 00, 00,000 (3 crore) of people were directly hit by the flood water. Thousands of homesteads got washed away, and cattle and domestic birds were endangered. About one thousand people lost their lives from various accidents like snake-biting, boat-sinking or getting electrocuted from the torn or loose electric cables. In the countryside thousands of farmer families remained imprisoned by water for months together. Their untold miseries knew no bounds. The damages of the 1998 flood were uncountable. Crops and paddy were damaged standing in the fields. An agricultural report says that about 13 lakh tons of food grains have been destroyed. And fisheries and cattle, the loss is worth 12.5 crore taka. And in industrial sector, the loss is estimated at Tk. 2000 crore. The flood had also damaged the rail and road communications throughout the country. The highways between Dhaka and other parts of the country were flooded for weeks and when the flood water receded they were found to be washed away or broken at many places. About 13000 km. of road has been damaged and embankments, culverts had also been extensively damaged. Electric polls and towers were heavily damaged. A preliminary report says that the loss in the education sector was about Tk. 700 crore. The loss of lives so far known is 800. During the flood and after the flood people from all classes came together to help the flood-affected people. Large supply of food including rice, dal, muri, chira, clothes and pure drinking water was ensured to the people who took shelter in the relief centres. All schools and colleges in Dhaka and other flood affected cities were used as relief centres. Many voluntary organisations had opened shelter campuses too. Many temporary health clinics were also opened. Many cultural organisations had also come forward to help the affected. The students of different educational institutions had done a great humanitarian work. Many people had dedicated themselves indirectly to the relief work by donating money to Prime Minister’s Fund. Ours is a flood-plain country. So we have to design initiatives keeping this in mind. Proper steps should be taken for the prevention of floods in our country. All the rivers should be controlled by proper engineering works so that they may not overflow their banks. A large number of sluices and outlets should be made across the high roads and railway tracks so that rain water can easily pass through them. Dams and embankments should be constructed at different places to regulate the flow of water. Moreover, To help the helpless victims of a flood-stricken area, relief and free medical help should be promptly reached. The public should contribute according to their means, and those who are able and wiling should come forward to work as volunteers.   Floods in Bangladesh Introduction: During the summer and the rainy seasons, the water of the rivers often rises so high that it overflows the banks and the earth goes under water. This sudden rise of water is called flood. Causes: Flood is mainly caused by heavy showers of rain during the rainy season. Rivers and canals cannot hold the water of rains and the water overflows the banks which causes flood. A river may overflow its banks If its bed is silted or Its course is too zigzag to allow free flow of water. In hilly regions floods may occur as a result of heavy down flow of water on account of melting of snow on mountains. Again, catastrophic flood may be caused by cyclones and tidal bores in the seas. Terrible aspect of flood in Bangladesh: Flood is a regular terror to our country which leaves behind a trail of ruins; it causes havoc to lives and properties. The granaries of the house holders are destroyed. The crop fields look like vast sheets of water. Cattle and even human beings are killed, houses are destroyed. People have to stay under the open sky. All communication with the outside world is cut off. They cannot meet the bare necessities for existence. Hence, the sufferings of the people know no bounds. To add to the misery, it leaves behind wide spread damages of crops and epidemic diseases. Aftermaths of flood after subsiding, flood leaves behind devastated land and crop-fields, epidemic diseases and scarcity not only of food but also of pure drinking water. Wide-spread damage of crops results in famine. A large number of men and animals die of starvation as well as diseases. To add to the sufferings the prices of all daily necessities increase by leaps and bounds. In fact, the after effects of flood are more terrible. Among the recent floods, the floods of 1984 and 1987 caused a huge loss to life and property. But the flood of 1988 has broken the previous records of losses. About ninety percent areas were under water for several days and it caused a great harm. The flood of 1998 is also an example of the most terrible floods in recent years. Blessings of flood Floods in an agricultural country like ours have often been looked upon as a blessing in disguise. Floods leave on the submerged areas a rich alluvial deposit that greatly increases the fertility of soil. Besides, it also washes away the garbage that accumulates on the surface of the earth. Relief measures and controlling: During flood, people come forward to help the sufferers. They are given shelter in the houses of their fortunate fellow-men or public places. There, they are clothed and fed by charitable people, different organizations and the government. Loans are granted to enable them to take up their work of life again. Many other countries in the world also extend their helping hands for survival of the distressed people. Means to control: A definite scheme should be adopted to prevent flood permanently. Proper dams and embankments should be constructed so that the water of the rivers cannot rise above the danger level. Obstacles to natural flow of water should be removed. The silted-up beds of the rivers have to be excavated for carrying more water. Conclusion: Due to her geographical position, Bangladesh is very much prone to floods. Unless this catastrophe is checked, our development Is Impossible. Therefore, we should find out a permanent solution to control floods to ensure our development.   The Recent Flood in Bangladesh Introduction : Bangladesh is a low land. She has a lot of rivers, canals, beels and haors. Besides, the melting of the snows on the mountain causes floods too. Most of our rivers are shallow owing to silt so they can't hold enough water in the rainy season. Now this is the principal reason of floods in Bangladesh. She lies in monsoon area. Soievery year various natural disasters hit Bangladesh. Flood is one of there. So flood is very common in Bangladesh. Almost every year flood occur/ visit in our low-lying land. It is one of the greatest natural calamities in Bangladesh. But flood that occurred (swept over) Bangladesh in 1998 was the most devastating flood in our land in the recent years.   Havoc, losses : The destruction of the devastating flood had no equal in the history of the last eighty years. At least 54 district were severely affected by the alarming flood. It had broken all the past records of the havoc and losses of crops, properties, lives, trees, houses, schools and colleges and animals. The, northern districts of Bangladesh were the worst affected. The devastating flood directly affected about six crores of people. About 9 lakh houses were totally damaged and another about 8 lakh houses were partly damaged. About the crops of 15 lakh acres of land were fully damaged/ destroyed. Countless cattle and another animals were washed away. The loss of wealth amounted over taker forty thousand crores. The sorrows and sufferings of the flood victims knew no bounds. Many roads, bridges, culverts, mills and factories were severely affected b~ the flood. Many hats, bazars, hospitals, mosques, schools, colleges, madrasahs, banks, offices and gas fields went under the flood water. The communication by road and.the- railway were cut off fora month. There was an acute scarcity of drinking water, food, medicines, clothes and shelter during the flood period and also after flood. People had. to pass their days with starvation in the open sky. In a word, the-loss and havoc caused by the devastating flood can't be described in words. The loss and destruction caused by the flood was so severe that it will take many years to regain the loss.   Relief measures : The govt. of Bangladesh, all kinds of NGOs, organizations, politicalarties and many foreign countries came forward to rescue the flood soldiers,victims. Resides, our iers, policemen and the number of BIER also wholeheartedly Wok part in the relief operation /works. Many international agencies and organizations also extended their helping hands-. Many countries also sent their soldiers with relief materials and medicines to the affected areas. Conclusion : Our government should seek the advice and the suggestion of the foreign experts how to control and lessen the loss of property, lives and crops of every natural disaster. All preventive measures should be taken immediately against the natural disasters. Introduction: During the summer and the rainy seasons, the water of the rivers often rises so high that it overflows the banks and the earth goes under water. This sudden rise of water is called flood. Causes: Flood is mainly caused by heavy showers of rain during the rainy season. Rivers and canals cannot hold the water of rains and the water overflows the banks which causes flood. A river may overflow its banks If its bed is silted or Its course is too zigzag to allow free flow of water. In hilly regions floods may occur as a result of heavy down flow of water on account of melting of snow on mountains. Again, catastrophic flood may be caused by cyclones and tidal bores in the seas. Terrible aspect of flood in Bangladesh: Flood is a regular terror to our country which leaves behind a trail of ruins; it causes havoc to lives and properties. The granaries of the house holders are destroyed. The crop fields look like vast sheets of water. Cattle and even human beings are killed, houses are destroyed. People have to stay under the open sky. All communication with the outside world is cut off. They cannot meet the bare necessities for existence. Hence, the sufferings of the people know no bounds. To add to the misery, it leaves behind wide spread damages of crops and epidemic diseases. Aftermaths of flood after subsiding, flood leaves behind devastated land and crop-fields, epidemic diseases and scarcity not only of food but also of pure drinking water. Wide-spread damage of crops results in famine. A large number of men and animals die of starvation as well as diseases. To add to the sufferings the prices of all daily necessities increase by leaps and bounds. In fact, the after effects of flood are more terrible. Among the recent floods, the floods of 1984 and 1987 caused a huge loss to life and property. But the flood of 1988 has broken the previous records of losses. About ninety percent areas were under water for several days and it caused a great harm. The flood of 1998 is also an example of the most terrible floods in recent years. Blessings of flood Floods in an agricultural country like ours have often been looked upon as a blessing in disguise. Floods leave on the submerged areas a rich alluvial deposit that greatly increases the fertility of soil. Besides, it also washes away the garbage that accumulates on the surface of the earth. Relief measures and controlling: During flood, people come forward to help the sufferers. They are given shelter in the houses of their fortunate fellow-men or public places. There, they are clothed and fed by charitable people, different organizations and the government. Loans are granted to enable them to take up their work of life again. Many other countries in the world also extend their helping hands for survival of the distressed people. Means to control: A definite scheme should be adopted to prevent flood permanently. Proper dams and embankments should be constructed so that the water of the rivers cannot rise above the danger level. Obstacles to natural flow of water should be removed. The silted-up beds of the rivers have to be excavated for carrying more water. Conclusion: Due to her geographical position, Bangladesh is very much prone to floods. Unless this catastrophe is checked, our development Is Impossible. Therefore, we should find out a permanent solution to control floods to ensure our development.   The Recent Flood in Bangladesh Introduction : Bangladesh is a low land. She has a lot of rivers, canals, beels and haors. Besides, the melting of the snows on the mountain causes floods too. Most of our rivers are shallow owing to silt so they can't hold enough water in the rainy season. Now this is the principal reason of floods in Bangladesh. She lies in monsoon area. Soievery year various natural disasters hit Bangladesh. Flood is one of there. So flood is very common in Bangladesh. Almost every year flood occur/ visit in our low-lying land. It is one of the greatest natural calamities in Bangladesh. But flood that occurred (swept over) Bangladesh in 1998 was the most devastating flood in our land in the recent years.   Havoc, losses : The destruction of the devastating flood had no equal in the history of the last eighty years. At least 54 district were severely affected by the alarming flood. It had broken all the past records of the havoc and losses of crops, properties, lives, trees, houses, schools and colleges and animals. The, northern districts of Bangladesh were the worst affected. The devastating flood directly affected about six crores of people. About 9 lakh houses were totally damaged and another about 8 lakh houses were partly damaged. About the crops of 15 lakh acres of land were fully damaged/ destroyed. Countless cattle and another animals were washed away. The loss of wealth amounted over taker forty thousand crores. The sorrows and sufferings of the flood victims knew no bounds. Many roads, bridges, culverts, mills and factories were severely affected b~ the flood. Many hats, bazars, hospitals, mosques, schools, colleges, madrasahs, banks, offices and gas fields went under the flood water. The communication by road and.the- railway were cut off fora month. There was an acute scarcity of drinking water, food, medicines, clothes and shelter during the flood period and also after flood. People had. to pass their days with starvation in the open sky. In a word, the-loss and havoc caused by the devastating flood can't be described in words. The loss and destruction caused by the flood was so severe that it will take many years to regain the loss.   Relief measures : The govt. of Bangladesh, all kinds of NGOs, organizations, politicalarties and many foreign countries came forward to rescue the flood soldiers,victims. Resides, our iers, policemen and the number of BIER also wholeheartedly Wok part in the relief operation /works. Many international agencies and organizations also extended their helping hands-. Many countries also sent their soldiers with relief materials and medicines to the affected areas. Conclusion : Our government should seek the advice and the suggestion of the foreign experts how to control and lessen the loss of property, lives and crops of every natural disaster. All preventive measures should be taken immediately against the natural disasters. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing                 FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL School is an institution where students learn a lot of things. It is an indispensable part of student life. Besides giving academic learning, it also enables the students to be perfect men in life. So school plays a very important role in student life. Actually student life cannot be imagined without school. Accordingly, first day at school is a momentous event of student life. It is the beginning of student life. First day at school is a new experience for every student. On that particular day students express their mixed feelings. That day they not only feel thrilled but also get nervous because of not having any previous experience. At the same time they think that a new experience is a new examination for them. However, first day at school is a memorable day for every student no doubt. It was the same for me. On my first day I went to my new school with my father. We met the Headmaster of the school, Mr. Rahman. The Headmaster asked me some questions. I answered them well. But I felt worried and nervous because I did not know anybody at my new school. Then the Headmaster took me to my classroom. There I saw a lot of students like myself. One of them was Navid. He asked me my name. I liked him. Afterwards we became good friends. I enjoyed my first day at my new school. I found that the teachers and students in my new school were very amicable. I liked them and I always want to remember them. And my worry came to an end.   Composition / Essay Writing MY FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL It is very sweet to call up childhood days. All my days were not equally happy now and I often met with unhappy days. So when I feel blank and dejected, I look back on my boyhood days and try to remember the happy events of those days. My first day at school is one of the memorable days of my life. Its memory is still fresh in my mind.   When I was a child my elder brother was a student. He was senior to me by three years. He went to school everyday. I pressed him to take me with him. Mother prevented him from doing it. When I attained the age of five, father proposed that I should by admitted in a school. I heard of it and was very glad. I was six years of age at the time of admission. An auspicious day was fixed for my admission. Mother washed me well, combed my hair and dressed me in new, costly clothes. Father also dressed himself in fine clothes and became ready. My father took me to the school. It was a very large building with about thirty rooms and a big hall. I was a little nervous at the beginning. But the sight of the boys of my age helped me to shake off the nervousness. My father took me to the Headmaster’s room and requested him to admit me into class 1(one). I felt shy and stood with my eyes fixed upon the ground. But his loving and affectionate words rid me of the shyness. I looked at him and he, with a smile, asked me what my name was. I told him my name. He was glad and admitted me in class one. The Headmaster gave me some instructions and asked me to go to my classroom. Suddenly, I had a feeling of extreme loneliness. I parted from my father with a heavy heart. I entered a room marked class I-A. I was very shy and took my seat on the second bench. There were twenty-five boys of my age in the class. I felt a kind of shyness when I was led there. The class teacher was a lady. She at first asked me my name and told me to sit down. My class teacher spoke to me tenderly. On the first day there was not much teaching. The school broke up at 1 p.m. My father came and took me home. My first day at school was very pleasant. I shall never forget that happy day. I have still a vivid recollection of it. My   First    Day  at    School Or, My Memorable Day Many events happened in my life long ago. I have forgotten some events. But I translucently remember some. They will remain ever fresh in my memory. My first day at school is one of such events. I was six years old when I was first admitted to school. My father taught me seriously at home. My elder brother was then reading in the local school. It was decided that I should go to that school with him. I became a bit nervous at first. It was a new and unknown world to me. ! did not know how the students would receive me. I had fear about the teachers. But my elder brother and parents encouraged me. They said that I would get playmates of my age at school. The teachers also were affectionate and sincere. Hearing this, I got over my fear and nervousness.   One fine morning my father took me to the school. The school building was very big. I entered the school premises with my father. I saw many boys. Some of them were of my age. The Headmaster knew my father. He received me affectionately. He asked my name and what books I had read at home. Then i found myself fit for class Ill. I was then admitted to class III. A bearer took me to class III room. There were many boys of my age there. The class teacher asked my name. He affectionately asked me some questions. Fortunately, I answered these correctly. There were two more periods of work before the tiffin period. In the mean time, I had talks with a few boys. They received me gladly. During the tiffin period, I played with the boys. Then I began to love my school mates. The school broke up at 2.00 p.m. The boys were going out of the school with hue and cry. It was a new experience to me. I also accompanied them. My father was waiting for me anxiously. He took me home. On our way home I told him about my good impression. He became glad to hear that. However, my first day at school was an important and memorable day to me. It was beginning of my new life. I still remember that day with a heavenly pleasure. YOUR FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL It is very sweet to call up childhood days. All my days were not equally happy now and I often met with unhappy days. So when I feel blank and dejected, I look back on my boyhood days and try to remember the happy events of those days. My first day at school is one of the memorable days of my life. When I was a child my elder brother was a student. He was senior to me by three years. He went to school everyday. I pressed him to take me with him. Mother prevented him from doing it. When I attained the age of five, father proposed that I should by admitted in a school. I heard of it and was very glad. It was a Monday. Mother washed me well, combed my hair and dressed me in new, costly clothes. Father also dressed himself in fine clothes and became ready. Then he went to the village primary school. I accompanied him there. My father went to the Headmaster and requested him to admit me in class one. I felt shy and stood with my eyes fixed upon the ground. But his loving and affectionate words rid me of the shyness. I looked at him and he, with a smile, asked me what my name was. I told him my name. He was glad and admitted me in class one. There were twenty-five boys of my age in the class. I felt a kind of shyness when I was led there. My class teacher spoke to me tenderly. My classmates welcomed me with smiling faces. My class teacher also asked me what my name was. I answered him promptly but politely. He was glad at this. I was then given the first lesson in Bengali. I read it with my class -mates for one hour. Then my class was dismissed and I went home. My first day at school was very pleasant. I shall never forget that happy day. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing               FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a developing country. The people of this country may not be wealthy but they are rich in their heart. Inhabitants of this country have long been reputed for their hospitability. They pass their life with many festivities. People of different cast and creed live together in peace and harmony in this country. That’s why we see a great variety of festivals being celebrated by them. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr’ and ‘Eid-Ul-Azha’ are the major religious festivals of the Muslims. The Hindus celebrate ‘Durga Puja’ as their main religious festival. ‘Buddha Purnima’ is the chief religious program of the Buddhists. The Christians celebrate ‘Christmas Day’ as their principal festival. The country commemorates some other festivals which people of all walks of life observe together regardless of all their difference. 25th March is celebrated as ‘Independent Day’. The declaration of the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed on this day of 1971. 16th December is our ‘Victory Day’. We gained freedom from the occupying Pakistani force on this day of 1971. Both of these events are observes with profound respect by the people of Bangladesh. ‘Pahela Baishakh’ is a program which is very significant in out national life. It is the first day of a new Bangla year. This day is celebrated with many cultural programs and in some places by arranging ‘Mela’. This program represents the pen-picture of the nation’s national culture. Hence, it is our national festival. All this festivals indeed, makes us a very colourful nation.   Composition / Essay Writing Our National Festivals   “Baro mashe tero parbon” is a familiar proverb in Bangladesh. It means that thirteen festivals are held in twelve months. It implies that in Bangladesh there are more festivals than the number of months in a year. Our national festivals are many and varied. Some are religious festivals, some are secular and some are historical. The Muslims observe the festival of Eid ul-Fitr at the end of the fasting month of Ramadan. After the prayer people embrace one another irrespective of caste and creed to express their fraternity, friendship and fellow-feeling. Another important festival of the Muslims is Eid ul-Azha. On this day after the congregational prayers, the people slaughter sacrificial animals and distribute meat to the neighbours, the relatives and the poor. Minor festivals like the Muharram are also observed by the Muslims. Eid-e- Miladunnabi is also a national day in Bangladesh. Prophet Muhammad (SM) was born on the day. He also breathed his last on the same day. The day is a national holiday, and food is offered to the destitutes and the orphans. Prayers are offered in Milad mehfils in the afternoon. The Hindus have many religious festivals which they observe with a great deal of pomp and grandeur. Among these festivals, we may mention the Durga Puja, the Saraswati Puja, the Laxmi Puja and the Kali Puja. On these occasions, the Hindus invite the people of all communities to share their joys with them. During all these festivals, the people of different communities co-operate exchange greetings and share the rejoicings. This shows that the people of Bangladesh live in an uncommon communal harmony and brotherhood.   The historical festivals include the celebration of the 21st February, as an International Mother Language Day, Independence Day and the Victory Day. These days are celebrated all over the country in a befitting manner and inspire the people with a high sense of patriotism and a renewed zeal to serve the nation to achieve the national objectives. Among the secular festivals, the Pahela Boishakh is the most important.On the occasion of national festivals, different programmes are held by various organisations including the government. Radio and television broadcast various programmes to add to the joy of the people. The newspapers bring out special supplements and the magazines publish special news. On some occasions, colourful processions and rallies are brought out by some organizations. Cultural functions and discussion meetings are also held in some distinguished institutions. In fact, people all over the country are held in high spirits and excitement throughout the whole festive day. In short, festivals fill our lives with colors and enthusiasm. They bring us closer every year and eliminate any feelings of communal hatred. Further, they strengthen the bonds of the community and remove the malice from people’s hearts. Therefore, festivals are quite important and must be celebrated with passion.   Festivals in Bangladesh Festivals in Bangladesh are an important part of the culture and are celebrated with great enthusiasm and joy. These festivals are not just occasions for entertainment but also provide opportunities for people to come together, celebrate traditions, and strengthen bonds. One of the most significant festivals in Bangladesh is Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. It is a time for family gatherings, feasts, and giving gifts. People dress in new clothes, visit relatives, and exchange sweets and greetings. Eid is celebrated with great enthusiasm, and special prayers are offered in mosques. Another major festival in Bangladesh is Durga Puja, celebrated by the Hindu community. It is a festival that honors the goddess Durga, and it is marked by elaborate rituals, decorations, and cultural programs. During Durga Puja, people gather in temples, offer prayers, and participate in vibrant processions. The festival lasts for several days, and it is a time for families to unite and celebrate the triumph of good over evil. Traditional foods are served, and people often wear colorful clothes to mark the occasion. Pohela Boishakh, the Bengali New Year, is a widely celebrated festival in Bangladesh, celebrated by people of all religions. It is observed on April 14th and is marked by various cultural events, such as street fairs, processions, and traditional Bengali music and dance. People clean their homes, wear new clothes, and enjoy traditional foods like panta bhat (fermented rice) and ilish bhaji (fried hilsa fish). Pohela Boishakh is a time for renewal and starting afresh, and it brings people from all walks of life together. The Victory Day of Bangladesh, observed on December 16th, is another important festival that celebrates the country's independence in 1971. It is a solemn occasion, remembering the sacrifices made during the war for independence. People gather at the National Memorial in Savar to pay their respects to the martyrs. Various events, such as parades and cultural performances, take place across the country to honor the freedom fighters. In conclusion, festivals in Bangladesh are a time for celebration, reflection, and togetherness. They showcase the country’s rich cultural heritage and diverse traditions. These festivals not only bring joy to people’s lives but also foster unity, respect, and understanding among different communities. Festivals in Bangladesh   Festivals refer to a day or period of the year when people stop working to celebrate a special event. Festivals are common to all societies and cultures. With the change of social and economic structures, the natures of festivals also change. Some of the festivals bear the mark of the community and nationality, some have the stamp of religion, and again some bear the impression of politics. The festivals, which got started in the primitive society centering on the prayer for food, have now been filled with various colours and varieties. The two main religious festivals of the Muslims of Bangladesh are eid-ul fitr and eid-ul azha. They have become occasions of mutual exchange of pleasantries among friends and relatives. Eid-ul Fitr is observed after the end of Ramadan. The social meaning of Eid is joyful festival, while its etymological meaning denotes returning time and again. Like all other social festivals, Eid returns every year. So is the case with Eid-ul Azha. The same can be said of hajj. The biggest religious festival of the Hindu community in Bengal was and still is the durga puja. Hindus participate in it with great enthusiasm. The ceremonial awakening of goddess Durga takes place. Thereafter, Puja is performed for three days on the seventh, eighth and ninth, and the immersion of the image of the goddess Durga with her companions is held on the tenth day. On the following full-moon day, laksmi puja takes place. On the last day of the Bengali month of Kartik, Kartik Puja is performed. On the fifth lunar day of the bright fortnight in the Bengali month of Magh, saraswati puja is held. Before that, on the new moon day usually in the month of Kartik, kali puja is performed. The celebration of the Janmastami is an old festival of this region, particularly of Dhaka town. Both the Hindus and the Muslims take part in it. The procession, which would be brought out in Dhaka town, was renowned throughout the whole of Bengal. It is said that Shrikrsna was born on the eighth lunar day of the dark fortnight in the Bengali month of Bhadra. So this day is very sacred to the Hindus. The main festival of the Buddhists is buddha purnima. The birth of Buddha, his adoption of asceticism, attainment of supreme enlightenment, nirvana – all these occurred on the full-moon lunar day in the month of Baishakh, and hence this is the most important and solemn festival of the Buddhists. It is assumed that the Baisakhi Purnima is being celebrated in Bangladesh with great splendour for more than one thousand years. Christmas day or the birth anniversary of Jesus Christ is observed. The Christmas festival lasts for a single day. The main components of this festival are special prayers offered in churches, arrangements of feasts and offering of gifts among friends and relatives. Now a day the number of Buddhists or Christians in Bangladesh is not very significant, and hence their festivals are also observed somewhat without much fanfare. However, the biggest function on the first day of Baisakh is the holding of fair. In the fairs arranged in Dhaka and also in other towns and urban areas, along with the earthen and handicraft items, book fairs are also held. Many publishing houses present books to the clients as tokens of New Year’s good wishes. Men wear white pyjamas and panjabi. Many town people start the day with the traditional breakfast of panta bhat, green chillies, onion and fried Hilsa fish. Special programmes are broadcast and telecast on radio and television and special supplements are brought out by the newspapers. The Martyrs’ Day, the Independence Day and the Victory Day are the national days of Bangladesh. Every year these days are observed with great festivities. Birth anniversaries of Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam have also turned into common cultural festivals of our country. Bizu festival, held in Chaitra-the last month of Bengali year, is a significant festival of the Chakma community of Bangladesh. However, a festival common to all classes of people and celebrated nationally with much grandeur is the observance of the New year’s Day. Barsha Baran, BasantaBaran, Nabanna Utshob etc. are sonic other common festivals of Bangladesh. Baisabi Festival Baisabi is the main social festival of the indigenous people living in the hill districts of Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachhari. This festival is celebrated by the Chakma and Tanchyanga as “Biju”, by Marmas as “Shangrai”, Tripuras as “Baisuk” or “Baisu”. | Water festival, a joyful part of Baisabi| Biju is a festival celebrated by the Chakmas and Tanchyangas for three consecutive days- the last two days of Chaitra and the first day of Baisakh. They never kill any living creature during these three days. They celebrate the last day of Chaitra as the main festival day. The observation of Milad-un-Nabi is an important Muslim religious festivity. The term itself means the birthday of the Prophet (Sm) of Islam. But this is also the day of his death. Various religious, socio-cultural organizations and political parties held various programmes, including Milad Mahfil, discussion meetings and Qurankhwani to mark the day. Islamic Foundation also holds programmes on the occasion. Language Movement Day is a unique part of the culture of Bangladesh. Every year on February 21 this day is observed to pay tribute to the martyrs who sacrificed their lives to establish Bengali as the official language of then East Pakistan in 1952. The mood of the day is sad and humble. The celebration of Language Movement Day goes on the entire month of February. Ekushey book fair is a book fair arranged to mark this occasion every year. Birth anniversary of the noble laureate Rabindranath tagore on 25th Baishakah (7 May) and some of the National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam on 11th Jaystha (25 May) are observed throughout the country. Different cultural programs are arranged and discussions are held on those occasions. Thousands of young people, both male and female, are taking part in the twin celebrations of Pohela Falgun and Valentine‘sDay welcoming the advent of spring and sharing the great day of love. The youngsters celebrate the occasions wearing colorful dresses, carrying flowers in their hands and singing love songs as Fokir Lalon Shah, a prominent philosopher poet in the cultural history of Bangladesh. Every year, on the first week of April, a fair is organized on the eve of his birth anniversary at Kushtia. The akhra is decorated colorfully during this occasion and thousands of his devotees from different places of the country gather here to celebrate the day. Singers of Lalon Academy with ektara and other musical instrument, perform Lalon‘s song all through the night for three days. Bengali weddings are traditionally in five parts: first it is the bride and groom’s Mehendi Shondha, the bride’s Gaye Holud, the groom’s Gay Holud, the Beeya and the Bou Bhaat. These often take place on separate days. Bride’s friends and family apply turmeric paste to her body as a part of Haye Holud of bride, and they are traditionally all in matching clothes mostly orange in color. Bangladesh is a country where every religion’s people live together like brothers and sisters. They have lots of religious festivals. Among them some of the major festivals are discussed above. Every year these religious festivals observed with respect and dignity. These festivals not only observed in City but also in villages too. During those festival days, every religious people seem to be happy and friendly. There are to conflicts among them. This can be a great example of brotherhood. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Female Education Female education is an indispensable component of the holistic advancement of any nation. Given that half of a country's population is female, failing to educate and employ women is detrimental to any nation's success. Consequently, female education is an urgent need of the present era. For a long time, women were constrained to domestic chores and lacked access to education due to prejudice, ignorance, superstition, social backwardness, discrimination, and obstruction by fundamentalists. However, attitudes have since changed, and women are gradually gaining access to education. Despite this progress, a significant proportion of women are still falling behind in terms of education. This state of affairs is alarming because satisfactory development is unattainable without the education of women.As Napoleon Bonaparte astutely noted, "Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an educated nation." This remark encapsulates the importance of female education. Women need education for various reasons, including being an informed citizen, an active member of society and the family, a good mother or wife, and achieving self-reliance. Moreover, educated women have higher income potential than those without schooling. Despite the prevalent view that women are inferior to men, this is an erroneous perception. Besides the biological difference, a girl possesses every capacity to succeed in life and work, just like her male counterparts. Educated women are aware of their rights, responsibilities, and duties.Therefore, it is crucial to take every necessary step to create an environment that encourages the education of women. Parents should be motivated to send their daughters to school, and the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should support the education of girls to enable them to become educated and contribute significantly to the nation's development. Model Answer-2 Female Education Female education is crucial for the progress of any nation. Ignoring the education and employment opportunities of half the population can hinder a country's development. In the past, women faced many obstacles to education due to societal biases and discrimination. However, things are changing, and more women now have access to education. Yet, there is still a gap between men and women in terms of education. As Napoleon Bonaparte said, "Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an educated nation." This shows how important female education is. Women need education to be active members of society, good mothers or wives, and financially independent. Educated women also have better job opportunities and can contribute more to the economy. Despite some people thinking women are not as capable as men, this is not true. Women have the same potential for success. Education helps women understand their rights and responsibilities. To improve female education, parents should be encouraged to send their daughters to school, and the government and NGOs should support girls' education. By investing in female education, countries can make progress and ensure a brighter future for everyone. Model Answer-3 Female Education: A great stride towards development Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy is alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realise the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronise the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country.   Female education Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal. Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water. It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education. Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. The Importance of Female Education Female education is the precondition of the development of a nation. Both men and women are the members of a society. So it is true that both men and women should receive proper education in order to build up a happy and progressive society. Education is the back bone of a nation. It is compared to light and focus of a society. No development and progress is possible without proper and true education. Without proper education a society or a nation is deaf. dump and blind. About half of the population of our country is female. Only education can make women conscious of their rights and duties. So female education is a must. A mother is the best teacher of their.children. In all advanced countries majority of school and college teachers are women. Generally they are more friendly, careful and laborious than men. In the meantime the government of Bangladesh has introduced stipend for female students which encourage female students to get proper education. By getting proper education women can learn well about child care, sanitation. the value of family planning and the rules of health. An educated woman can also play an important role in improving national economy like a man. All necessary and proper steps should be taken to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. Finally. Napoleon says, "Give me an educated mother; I shall give you an educated nation. The Importance of Female Education The importance of female education is a pressing issue in developing countries today. As members of a civilized society, we recognize that a nation's strength lies in the education of all its citizens. Neglecting the education of females hinders a nation's prosperity. Education is a basic human right, and while progress has been made in increasing female education rates, especially in urban areas, rural regions still lag behind. Social prejudices in rural areas often discourage parents from sending their daughters to school. Early marriages and family restrictions further impede girls' education. Poverty, illiteracy, and social biases are significant barriers as well. However, it's essential to recognize that educated women play crucial roles in a country's development. As future mothers, they influence the upbringing and education of future generations. To address these challenges, the government has implemented various initiatives such as providing stipends, meals, and learning materials to encourage female education. Additionally, free education for girls up to graduation has been introduced. These efforts are crucial in overcoming the obstacles faced by female students. Composition / Essay Writing Female Education Female education is a vital aspect of a nation's overall progress. With half of the population being female, neglecting their education and employment opportunities can severely hamper a country's advancement. Thus, prioritizing female education is essential in today's world. For a long time, women faced numerous barriers to education due to societal biases, ignorance, superstitions, and discrimination. However, attitudes have gradually shifted, and more women now have access to education. Yet, there remains a significant gap in educational attainment between men and women, posing a serious challenge to development. As Napoleon Bonaparte wisely observed, "Give me an educated mother, and I will give you an educated nation." This statement underscores the crucial role of female education. Women need education to become informed citizens, active participants in society and family life, nurturing mothers or spouses, and financially independent individuals. Educated women also have greater earning potential, contributing to economic growth. Despite misconceptions about women's capabilities, they possess the same potential for success as men. Education empowers women by making them aware of their rights, responsibilities, and duties. Therefore, it is imperative to create an environment that promotes female education. Parents should be encouraged to prioritize their daughters' education, and governments and NGOs must provide support to ensure girls have access to quality education. By investing in female education, nations can unlock the full potential of their population and achieve sustainable development.                                                                      FEMALE EDUCATION Introduction: Education means mental and moral training. It is the light that clears off the darkness of ignorance from our mental horizon. It opens wide to our vision the vastness of God’s creation and enables us to think about the merciful Creator of this universe. It is a blessing. It ensures a perfect and harmonious development of our innate qualities and makes us worthy of the name ‘Ashraful Makhlukat’. Education should be universal: Education is a light to which everybody has the equal right. When God created man and woman, he drew no hard and fast line of distinction between them. He endowed them all equally with the bright and noble faculties. So education cannot be an exclusive possession of any class or sect or sex. So God made the pursuit of knowledge compulsory for every man and woman. So education should be universal. It should be imparted to both man and woman, who form one-half of the population. They should not be refused the benefits of education. View against female education: there are, however, some people who are strongly opposed to the female education. They say that it is useless to impart education to women whose duties are confined to household affairs, rearing of children and ministering to the comforts to their male partners. Reasons for educating women: It is true that women have many special tasks in life and their spheres of duties are different from those of men. But we should remember that these tasks also need training and education. Unless women get proper education, all their prospective faculties get crippled. It is only by imparting proper education to them that we can expect them to discharge the duties nicely and decently. Secondly, education of children depends a great deal upon mothers. Childhood is the most impressionable stage and anything good or bad, taught to child makes an indelible mark on his mind. Can we have educated and ideal citizens when the mothers themselves are foolish and ignorant? No, we cannot. Thirdly, every woman is a potential mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up and educated in childhood. An educated mother is naturally expected to bring up and educate her children better than an uneducated mother. Fourthly, social responsibilities should also be shared by men and women. In domestic life a woman can lend a helping hand to her husband. When a husband returns home extremely tired after the day’s hard toil in the outside world, it is for her to cheer him up and to make his life easy and comfortable. She serves as the best and truest friend and her words go a long way towards influencing her husband for what is good and noble. These are the strongest points in favour of female education. However, opinions may differ in respect of the nature of education to be imparted to women. Traditional system of education for girls to be changed: Our main subject is to educate our women systematically and carefully. By education we do not mean the winning of different Degrees of the university. The traditional system of education for girls should be changed. Cooking, sewing, Child rearing, Home Economics and Nursing should be introduced in the curriculum of their studies. Some are under the impression that education makes women foppish, weak and quite incapable of discharging their domestic duties. But they must know what makes them so is not education at all. Early marriage should be abolished: early marriage is one of the hindrances to female education in our country. It is a custom among the Muslims to get their daughters and sisters married before they attain puberty. They are married before they understand well their duties as wives and often they become mothers before they pass their girlhood. So the system should by all means be abolished from our society. Conclusion: All steps necessary should be taken to encourage universal female education for the survival of our nation. It is heartening to note that the Government has recently declared free and compulsory education for rural girls upto class VIII. FEMALE EDUCATION Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal.   Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water.   It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education.   Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study.   It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. FEMALE EDUCATION   Living in a global village, where skills and competence are essential for keeping pace with others, we cannot deny the necessity of education for our womenfolk. Men and women are like the two sides of a coin. One is incomplete without the other. So the development of both men and women is a prerequisite for overall development of the country. As women constitute about half of the population, it would be a cry in the wilderness to try for making any progress and prosperity keeping them uneducated and unskilled. Therefore, female education is a burning need. Education is the process by which our mind develops through formal learning. It is a mental and intellectual training that enhances our skill and competence. Without education, the development of potential human faculties is not possible. If educated, a man or woman can perform his/her duties perfectly and proficiently. There is no denying the fact that today's girls are the future women and every woman is a potential mother. As the mothers play a vital role in making and shaping their children future they have to be educated. The lack of education cripples their prospective faculties. An uneducated woman cannot render her service even to her family, let alone to society and the country. We can expect them to perform this responsibility properly provided that they are educated. An educated woman knows better how to rear up her children, to educate them and to make them worthier. Besides, she can discharge her social responsibilities and contribute to the overall development of the country.   Many ignorant parents think that educating their daughters is just wasting money, for they are soon married off and they are of little help. Some people strongly oppose female education. They want to confine women to the hearth. They only believe in woman's traditional role of a mother, a wife and a homemaker. This sort of outlook on the part of the man folkmust be changed. In the male-dominated society girls are born in an unwelcome world and in many cases receive discriminatory treatment. So, gender discrimination must be eradicated for the sake of female education. Nowadays women have started to come out of their cocoons. Being educated , they are joining oining a wide-range of professions. They have been able to prove their abilities. But this number. is negligent. Many millions of women are still uneducated and ignorant. Female Education Or, Education for Women   Man and women are equal and integral power for a nation. That is education is equally essential for both. We know that ignorance is a curse all but education is power. If a country neglects female education and keeps them uneducated, she can not establish herself as a powerful nation me people are directly opposed to female education. They think that mentally, physically and intellectually women are inferior to men. There are religious prejudices also. They opine that women are born to be confined household-works, rearing of children and serving the husbands. So women need no education at all; but these people should understand that without education women would not be able to perform those duties properly. Hence the prejudiced and the orthodox people should be made aware of the underlying sense of female education. I ho importance of female education beggars description. We should bear in mind the glaring example of Napoleon who said to his nation, "You give me good mothers, I will give you a good nation." Actually the future of child depends on how one is taught by one's mother in early childhood. It is true that education of a mother is naturally transmitted to the children. Besides, educated women can help a nation's development in various sectors as such research, teaching, hotel management, tourism, nursing etc. If women are educated, the entire society will be benefited. After all, the nation will gain prosperity. There is a wise saying of Napoleon, "One educated mother is more powerful than one hundred soldiers". Wo can see that women in the developed countries are independent. They compete with men in all spheres of life. Unfortunately, women in Bangladesh are neglected. They always receive less importance in every sphere of our life including education. So, we should change our outlook regarding female education. We are fortunate that the government has made primary education free and compulsory for all who are five to seven years old. The Government is also supplying books up to class V free of cost. In order to build a good nation Govt. has taken this noble initiative. There is a great necessity of female education for a nation in every nook and corner. We all should try heart and soul to encourage the universal female, education for the interest and greater welfare of the nation. Otherwise, real development and prosperity will be hampered at every step of our life.     FEMALE EDUCATION   Introduction: Education means mental and moral training. It is the light that clears off the darkness of ignorance from our mental horizon. It opens wide to our vision the vastness of God’s creation and enables us to think about the merciful Creator of this universe. It is a blessing. It ensures a perfect and harmonious development of our innate qualities and makes us worthy of the name ‘Ashraful Makhlukat’.   Education should be universal: Education is a light to which everybody has the equal right. When God created man and woman, he drew no hard and fast line of distinction between them. He endowed them all equally with the bright and noble faculties. So education cannot be an exclusive possession of any class or sect or sex. So God made the pursuit of knowledge compulsory for every man and woman. So education should be universal. It should be imparted to both man and woman, who form one-half of the population. They should not be refused the benefits of education.   View against female education: there are, however, some people who are strongly opposed to the female education. They say that it is useless to impart education to women whose duties are confined to household affairs, rearing of children and ministering to the comforts to their male partners.   Reasons for educating women: It is true that women have many special tasks in life and their spheres of duties are different from those of men. But we should remember that these tasks also need training and education. Unless women get proper education, all their prospective faculties get crippled. It is only by imparting proper education to them that we can expect them to discharge the duties nicely and decently. Secondly, education of children depends a great deal upon mothers. Childhood is the most impressionable stage and anything good or bad, taught to child makes an indelible mark on his mind. Can we have educated and ideal citizens when the mothers themselves are foolish and ignorant? No, we cannot. Thirdly, every woman is a potential mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up and educated in childhood. An educated mother is naturally expected to bring up and educate her children better than an uneducated mother. Fourthly, social responsibilities should also be shared by men and women. In domestic life a woman can lend a helping hand to her husband. When a husband returns home extremely tired after the day’s hard toil in the outside world, it is for her to cheer him up and to make his life easy and comfortable. She serves as the best and truest friend and her words go a long way towards influencing her husband for what is good and noble. These are the strongest points in favour of female education. However, opinions may differ in respect of the nature of education to be imparted to women.   Traditional system of education for girls to be changed: Our main subject is to educate our women systematically and carefully. By education we do not mean the winning of different Degrees of the university. The traditional system of education for girls should be changed. Cooking, sewing, Child rearing, Home Economics and Nursing should be introduced in the curriculum of their studies. Some are under the impression that education makes women foppish, weak and quite incapable of discharging their domestic duties. But they must know what makes them so is not education at all.   Early marriage should be abolished: early marriage is one of the hindrances to female education in our country. It is a custom among the Muslims to get their daughters and sisters married before they attain puberty. They are married before they understand well their duties as wives and often they become mothers before they pass their girlhood. So the system should by all means be abolished from our society.   Conclusion: All steps necessary should be taken to encourage universal female education for the survival of our nation. It is heartening to note that the Government has recently declared free and compulsory education for rural girls upto class XII. GIRLS’ EDUCATION Bangladesh is a developing country. About half of our population is girl. The economic progress of the country party depends on the wide participation of women in economic activities. So, girls must receive education to qualify themselves for jobs and other undertaking. The traditional image of the girls is that she becomes a housewife. In a backward society, the girl will become nothing but a wife or a mother whose prime duty in life is to raise children and cook food for the members of the family. Giving birth to a child, and subsequently raising him, actually compel a woman to stay in the house. The traditional image of the girls as mother and wife has worked negatively for her. The daughter is not given much education, because the father thinks she does not need to. Thus, education for girl is only a secondary question in Bangladesh. Besides, many fanatic ‘mullahs’ preach that modern education for girls is anti-religious. This idea is absolutely nonsense. Men and women should have equal participation in the progress of the country. If girls remain uneducated they will become a burden for the nation. In the family, if the father has to do all the earning, it is too much on him. If the mother also partakes of the economic activity, the family will have a smoother life style. What we must do to change our attitude to girls’ education is to inculcate the idea that men and women are complementary to each other. That real progress of society will take place only when men and women are equally qualified. We can look at countries like China and Korea where men and women take part equally in every economic job. In fact, uneducated and jobless women become a burden on their male partners. So emphasis should be given on girls’ education. Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Extracurricular Activities Extracurricular activities are things you do outside of regular school classes. They're like hobbies or interests you pursue on your own or with groups. These activities aren't required, but they can be really fun and helpful. There are lots of different kinds, like playing music, acting in plays, dancing, swimming, debating, or playing sports. Sometimes schools have contests or events where you can compete with other schools. These are also considered extracurricular activities. Schools often have clubs or groups for these activities. You can join these clubs and take part in competitions or events. Doing extracurricular activities is good for you in many ways. It helps you get better at things and keeps you healthy, both physically and mentally. Plus, you can learn a lot from them and gain experiences that can help you in life. Some people have even become successful in their careers because of the skills they learned from extracurricular activities. So, it's a good idea to get involved in them. Even though you have regular schoolwork, making time for these activities is worth it. In short, extracurricular activities are like hobbies or interests you do outside of regular school. They're not mandatory, but they're enjoyable and beneficial. Schools often have clubs for these activities, and participating in them can improve your skills, health, and life experiences. Many successful people credit these activities for helping them in their careers. So, it's a good idea to make time for them alongside your regular school studies. Model Answer-2 EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN OUR SCHOOL Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra-curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. Our school, being a modern one provides us with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. In our school, we have a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week we practise debating among ourselves. Sometimes we arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides we regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In our school there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of us join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which we don’t get in our text books. These activities go simultaneously with our regular academic studies. As a results, we do not feel bored in our studies, rather we feel quite enthusiastic in our mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help us immensely to be a complete man. Model Answer-3 THE IMPORTANCE OF EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. A modern school provides the students with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. There are facilities of a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week the students practise debating among themselves. Sometimes they arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides they regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In most of the schools there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of the students in a school join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which they don’t get in their text books. These activities go simultaneously with their regular academic studies. As a result, they do not feel bored in their studies, rather they feel quite enthusiastic in their mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help the students immensely to be a complete man. Composition / Essay Writing The Importance of Extra-Curricular Activities Student life is more than just attending classes and completing assignments. It is a time for holistic development, where individuals explore their interests, talents, and passions beyond the confines of academic curriculum. In this regard, extra-curricular activities play a pivotal role in shaping well-rounded individuals and preparing them for success in various aspects of life. Firstly, extra-curricular activities offer students an avenue to discover and nurture their talents and interests. Whether it's joining a sports team, participating in a debate club, or engaging in community service projects, students have the opportunity to explore a diverse range of activities outside the classroom. Through these experiences, they can identify their strengths, weaknesses, and areas of interest, which can guide their personal and professional growth. Moreover, extra-curricular activities provide students with valuable opportunities for skill development. For example, participating in team sports fosters teamwork, leadership, and communication skills, while involvement in music or drama clubs hones creativity, expression, and performance abilities. These activities complement academic learning by offering practical avenues for applying theoretical knowledge and developing essential life skills that are integral to success in the modern world. Furthermore, extra-curricular activities contribute to the overall well-being and mental health of students. Engaging in recreational activities, whether it's playing a musical instrument, painting, or practicing yoga, helps students alleviate stress, improve mood, and enhance cognitive function. Additionally, participation in physical activities promotes physical fitness, boosts self-esteem, and instills discipline and resilience. Beyond personal development, extra-curricular activities also foster social connections and community engagement. Students interact with peers from diverse backgrounds, collaborate on projects, and build meaningful relationships outside the classroom environment. This social interaction promotes empathy, tolerance, and understanding, contributing to a more inclusive and harmonious school community. Furthermore, extra-curricular activities provide students with opportunities for leadership and civic engagement. Serving as club officers, organizing events, and volunteering for community service projects enable students to develop leadership skills, civic responsibility, and a sense of social awareness. These experiences empower students to become active participants in their communities and contribute positively to society. In conclusion, extra-curricular activities play a vital role in the holistic development of students, offering opportunities for talent exploration, skill development, social interaction, and civic engagement. Educational institutions should recognize the importance of these activities and provide adequate support and resources to facilitate student participation. By nurturing students' interests, talents, and passions outside the classroom, schools can empower individuals to thrive academically, socially, and personally, preparing them for success in the ever-changing world. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing EXAM FITNESS / EXAM Strategies Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. Examination Strategies or Examination Fitness (i) What are strategies for the approach to Examination? (ii) What should you do firstly at the examination? (iii) How can you allocate time for answering the question paper at the Examination? (iv) How can you make your answer legible? (v) What should one do for planning to answer each question? Strategy is an appropriate word for the approach to the examination on the day. Examination strategies mean examination skill which we may apply on the examination day. Checking and double checking the examination dates and times are most important for examination strategies. Budgeting time and avoiding allocating elaborate adequate answers are also significant. The strategies also include following instructions and attempting to answer all the questions. It is better to read through the question paper before starting to write. It is very useful to spend at least five minutes per question thinking about and planning answer. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions. It helps the examinee to conscious what he or she is required to do. To check back half way through writing the answer is good. One should also make answer legible. A good plan about the examination leads a student to success. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he/she wins his/her chances of success. So students should be conscious of both subject knowledge and examination strategies to build a bright future.   Model Answer-2 THE STRATEGIES TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION  Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. Model Answer-3   To approach an examination effectively, students should follow a clear strategy. Starting early in the term, they should study regularly and thoroughly. It's important to understand the lessons, not just memorize them. Creating personalized notes and revising frequently helps reinforce learning. Avoid relying on rote memorization from common sources. Students should also manage their time well, both during study sessions and in the exam itself, ensuring they don’t feel rushed or unprepared. When entering the examination hall, the first thing to do is to check the question paper carefully. Read through all the questions to get an overview of what’s asked. This will help in planning how to tackle the paper. Students should underline important keywords in each question to ensure they focus on what’s really being asked. This initial reading helps in preparing mentally to attempt all the questions. To allocate time wisely, students should first take a few minutes to glance through the entire paper. They should note the number of questions and their marks. Allocate more time to the higher-mark questions and less time to shorter questions. By dividing the available time according to the marks assigned to each question, students can avoid spending too much time on one question and ensure they attempt all questions. Making your answer legible is essential for the examiner to evaluate it properly. Write neatly and clearly, ensuring that your handwriting is easy to read. Avoid rushing, as messy writing can confuse the examiner. Use appropriate spacing between lines and between different parts of your answer. If you’re unsure about something, it’s better to leave extra space rather than clutter your answer with unclear handwriting. For each question, students should first think about what is being asked before starting to write. This helps in organizing the answer logically. They should break the answer into points or steps, addressing each part of the question. It’s helpful to outline the main points before writing the full answer. This ensures the response is structured and focused, making it easier for the examiner to understand. Composition / Essay Writing Examination Strategies Exam fitness is crucial for students who want to perform well in their exams. To achieve good results, a student must have a clear strategy. Starting from the beginning of the school term, regular study habits are essential. Consistent study throughout the term ensures that the student is well-prepared and can grasp the concepts thoroughly. It's important to focus on understanding the lessons rather than memorizing them. This helps develop creativity and critical thinking. Simply cramming for exams by memorizing answers from a common source should be avoided. Instead, students should create their own notes, which will help them provide original answers in the exam. Frequent revision is also key to retaining what has been learned. Before the exams, students must ensure that they know the correct dates and times of their exams. It's important to check this in advance to avoid any last-minute confusion. Additionally, students should pack all the necessary materials, such as pens, pencils, and admit cards, before heading to the exam hall. Once in the exam hall, students should first read through the entire question paper. This helps them understand the questions better and mentally prepare to answer all of them. Underlining key words in the questions can also be a helpful strategy to stay focused. During the exam, students should periodically check their progress to ensure they are on the right track. It's important to manage time wisely so that all questions can be answered within the allocated time. Handwriting is another important factor to consider, as legible writing helps the examiner assess the answers easily. In conclusion, exam fitness involves regular study, preparation, and effective strategies in the exam hall. By following these practices, students can improve their chances of performing well and achieving success. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Eve–Teasing Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self generated respect for women coming from our hearts.   Eve–Teasing Eve teasing is a serious problem that affects many young girls in our society. It is a type of harassment where girls are teased or abused against their will. This behavior is mostly done by young teenage boys and sometimes by older men in various places like schools, parks, and other public areas. Eve teasing can cause a lot of distress for the victims and their families. Unfortunately, eve teasing often goes unpunished due to legal loopholes and other reasons. This makes it difficult for victims to get justice. Factors like parents not being aware of their children's activities, misuse of mobile phones, and lack of religious teachings can contribute to eve teasing incidents. The impact of eve teasing on society is significant. It restricts the freedom of girls and makes them feel unsafe when they are outside their homes. In some extreme cases, victims of eve teasing may even consider taking their own lives. To address eve teasing, it's important for parents to be more aware of their children's movements and activities. They should also ensure that their children use mobile phones responsibly and avoid watching inappropriate content. Additionally, law enforcement agencies need to take proactive steps to prevent eve teasing and protect girls from harassment. By taking these measures and promoting a culture of respect and safety, we can work towards eliminating eve teasing and creating a safer environment for everyone, especially Model Answer-3   Composition / Essay Writing Eve–Teasing Eve-teasing is a term used to describe the act of making inappropriate comments, gestures, or advances towards someone, usually a woman, in a public place. It can involve verbal harassment, like making lewd remarks or insults, as well as physical actions like unwanted touching or following. Eve-teasing is a form of sexual harassment that can make the victim feel unsafe, uncomfortable, or humiliated. Unfortunately, this behavior has become common in many societies, especially in crowded public spaces. The effects of eve-teasing are harmful both to the individual and society as a whole. For the person being targeted, it can lead to feelings of anxiety, fear, and a loss of confidence. Victims may start to avoid going out in public, change their routines, or feel ashamed. Over time, this can lead to depression and a sense of powerlessness. Additionally, it perpetuates gender inequality by promoting the idea that women are objects for male attention and that their personal space can be violated without consequence. To tackle eve-teasing, it is essential to raise awareness about its harmful effects and educate people about respect and boundaries. Schools, colleges, and workplaces can play a key role in spreading this awareness. Laws must be enforced to ensure that people who engage in such behavior face consequences. Public spaces should be made safer for women by increasing surveillance and encouraging bystanders to step in and help. The media also has an important role in changing societal attitudes by portraying women with dignity and respect, rather than objectifying them. On an individual level, it is important to teach young people the value of respect, empathy, and consent. Everyone has the right to feel safe in public, and understanding the impact of eve-teasing can help discourage such behavior. Men and boys must be encouraged to stand against eve-teasing and become allies in the fight for women's safety. In conclusion, eve-teasing is a serious issue that affects the dignity and well-being of women. Combating it requires a collective effort from individuals, communities, and governments to create an environment where everyone, regardless of gender, can feel safe and respected. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Etiquette and Manners We have two-terms to describe our social behavior- ‘etiquette’ and ‘manners’. ‘Etiquette’ is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word ‘manners’ means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them ad practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as ‘pardon me’, ‘excuse me’, ‘may I’ are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can’t always behave the way you want especially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members.   Model Answer-2 Model Answer-3   Composition / Essay Writing Etiquette and Manners Etiquette and manners are important social rules that guide how we behave in different situations. They help us interact with others in a respectful and polite way. Good etiquette shows that we care about other people's feelings and respect their space. It involves behaving in a way that makes others feel comfortable and valued. Manners, on the other hand, are the specific ways we act or speak in social settings, such as saying "please" and "thank you" or waiting our turn to speak. In everyday life, good etiquette and manners help create positive relationships between people. When we greet someone with a smile and say "hello," it makes the other person feel acknowledged. Simple acts of politeness, such as holding the door for someone or offering a seat to an elderly person, can go a long way in showing kindness and respect. These small gestures help build a harmonious society where people treat each other with consideration. One of the most important aspects of good manners is listening when someone else is speaking. It shows that we value their words and opinions. Interrupting others, on the other hand, can be seen as rude and disrespectful. Similarly, speaking politely without using harsh words or offensive language is another sign of good manners. Being mindful of our tone and body language also helps convey respect during conversations. Etiquette and manners are not just about following rules; they also reflect the values we hold as individuals. Treating others with courtesy, kindness, and understanding is a way to show that we care about their well-being. These qualities are essential in both personal and professional settings. In workplaces, for instance, showing respect for colleagues and superiors through good etiquette can help foster cooperation and a positive working environment. In conclusion, etiquette and manners are key to maintaining good relationships with others and ensuring peaceful interactions. They make social exchanges more pleasant and help us build trust and respect. Whether at home, school, or work, practicing good manners shows that we are considerate of others, which is essential for a thriving and respectful community. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Environment Pollution Environmental pollution is a significant problem that affects our world today, causing harm to the air, water, and soil due to various human activities. This issue brings many troubles and worries into our daily lives, with air, water, and soil pollution being the most common and damaging types. Pollution is caused by emissions from factories and vehicles, which release harmful smoke and gases, worsening air quality. Waste disposal by industries, like textiles and garments, into ponds and rivers also contributes to water pollution. Moreover, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers leads to soil pollution. Environmental pollution has serious consequences for plants, animals, and humans, causing problems like global warming and respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Vulnerable communities, especially those with lower incomes, suffer the most from pollution-related health issues. To address this problem, we must take urgent action. Raising awareness and educating people about pollution is crucial, as is implementing government policies and regulations to control it. Media outlets like newspapers and television can help spread awareness about pollution's harmful effects. Additionally, planting more trees through afforestation and reforestation efforts can help mitigate pollution's impact. By taking these steps, we can protect our planet and create a healthier environment for everyone. Model Answer-2 Environment Pollution Environmental pollution is undoubtedly one of the most pressing and hazardous issues that confront our world today. It pertains to the degradation of air, water, and soil due to various harmful human activities. This multifaceted problem poses numerous troubles and anxieties for us in our daily lives. Among the different types of environmental pollution, air, water, and soil pollution are the most widespread and destructive. Numerous factors contribute to environmental pollution, including the emissions from mills, factories, and vehicles that produce harmful smoke and gases, thereby degrading air quality. Additionally, the disposal of waste materials by industries, including the textile and garment sectors, in ponds and rivers causes water pollution. Farmers' use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is another significant factor leading to soil pollution. Environmental pollution has grave implications for plant and animal life, resulting in numerous negative effects, including global warming and greenhouse effects. People exposed to environmental pollution can suffer from a wide range of respiratory problems, such as asthma and coughing. Our poorer communities are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of environmental pollution and often fall sick due to their prolonged exposure. Therefore, we must urgently address environmental pollution to prevent further damage to our planet. To tackle this issue, there are several measures that we can undertake. Firstly, we need to raise awareness and educate people about environmental pollution and its detrimental effects. Secondly, our governments should adopt necessary policies and regulations to control environmental pollution. Thirdly, the media, such as newspapers and television, should increase public awareness of environmental pollution's negative effects. Fourthly, we should engage in afforestation and reforestation efforts to mitigate the impact of environmental pollution. By taking these steps, we can protect our planet and create a healthy and happy environment for all. Model Answer-3 Environmental Pollution: A cause of health-hazard Nature, air, water, land and all other things around us in which we live are called environment. Any unexpected and abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called the environmental pollution. Now our environment is getting polluted every moment in many ways. In major cities and towns motor vehicles, mills and factories are creating fume and smoke and they pollute air. Man makes fires to cook food, to make bricks, to melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil and this smoke pollutes the air. Water, another vital element of the environment like air, is also polluted in many ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Chemicals, fertilisers and insecticides get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds, and thus pollute water. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers, canals and seas and water is polluted. Moreover, water vehicles, unsafe drains and unsanitary latrines are also responsible for water pollution. These days many rivers and lakes are getting filthy. Forests and trees are being cut down on a large scale. So, the ecosystem of the environment is now in great danger. The noise of motor vehicles, mills and factories, aeroplanes, domestic appliances, radios, cassette players, CDs, televisions etc pollutes sound and this polluted sound affects our hearing. The government must take effective steps to prevent the pollution. People of all classes should come forward to control this environmental pollution because it is necessary for our own existence. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial charge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste cause serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution denotes wonderful alteration among the different elements of the environment which is a great threat to human beings, animals, wildlife and plants on earth. All the elements of the environment are closely related to one another. Pollution occurs in the environment if any element is changed or affected. There are various kinds of pollution like-air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution. All these pollutions are together called environmental, pollution. Smoke and fume are the main culprits for air pollution. Mills, factories, industries, motor vehicles, power-houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke and fume which pollute the air seriously. Deforestation is another root cause of air pollution. Toxic chemical waste industrial products and garbage are the main culprits of water pollution. Water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste, human waste and burnt oil into rivers and canals. The widespread use of in the fields seriously pollutes chemical fertilizers and insecticides water. Hydraulic horns of motor vehicles and the loud speakers of cassette players and mikes are the main culprits of sound pollution. Illiteracy, mass unawareness, population explosion and extreme poverty create environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes various fatal diseases and brings about various natural disasters . It harms food production and causes the extinction of wild animals. It also causes ecological imbalance which endangers (fa9m our life on earth. In order to keep our environment danger free, environmental pollution must be controlled by raising public awareness, by removing illiteracy and poverty and by controlling population explosion. If we fail to check environmental pollution, our existence on earth will become difficult and impossible. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (Air & Water Pollution) Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air; man makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Thus air and water polluted and as a result life becomes difficult or impossible. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution means contamination or adulteration of one substance by another inferior one. It is a process by which the ecological balance of our environment is disturbed. There are various kinds of pollution, for example, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, etc. Water can be polluted in many ways. We throw waste into water. Oil seeps out from the vessels like launches, steamers, etc. Various insecticides used by the farmers get mixed with water and pollute it. Mills and factories also release their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers. Latrines and unsafe drains standing on the river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Air is polluted mainly by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke by burning coal and oil Mills and factories create a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars emit smoke too. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. There is a serious impact of air pollution on us. It causes many diseases like cancer, bronchitis, etc. Again the increase of temperature caused by air pollution is a menace to our environment. Sound is polluted by microphones, loudspeakers and vehicles horns, specially the hydraulic horns. Sound pollution causes hearing problem and damages brain and nerves. So we, in association with the government, should take necessary steps to check air, water and sound pollution. Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted everyday for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets everyday and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of trees has also turned unbalanced environment. The ecological balance is being lost as a result of environment pollution. If we all desire to live a healthy and tranquillized life, we should make our environment clean and free from pollution. We should be all whole-heartedly in keeping our environment fit for habitation. Environment Pollution The environment includes the air, water, and land where people, animals, and plants live. These parts of nature should be clean and safe for everyone's health. But when they become dirty or unbalanced, it's called environmental pollution. Unfortunately, pollution is a big problem almost everywhere today, even in many parts of Bangladesh. We humans are mostly to blame for this. Factories and industries release a lot of smoke, gases, and fumes into the air, making it dirty. Cars and trucks also add to the problem by emitting smoke and gases. This is what we call air pollution. Water gets polluted when factories dump their waste into rivers and lakes, and when farmers use too many chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides. Even noise can be a form of pollution, like when people use loudspeakers or honk their horns too much. Soil can also get polluted when farmers use too many chemicals on their crops. Trees are really important for the environment. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen, which we need to breathe. But trees are being cut down too much, especially for things like building materials and paper. This is bad for the environment and needs to be stopped if we want to keep our planet healthy. Environmental pollution is a big threat to all of us. It can change the climate and cause natural disasters like floods and droughts. If we don't do something about it, our world might become a hard place to live in. To keep ourselves healthy and happy, we need to make sure the environment stays clean and free from pollution.   HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Any abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics of environment is called pollution. The bio-sphere and the ecosystem are self-sustaining. Nature maintains a balance in land, water, air and all the living organisms in this world. Any imbalance therein causes a chain reaction leading to environment pollution.  Today  our environment is polluted in many ways. Among them air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution are awfully threatening to the mankind. Environment pollution is much more pronounced in large industrial belts. Steps must be taken to control the haphazard growth of industries. As the exhaust of automobiles is one of the major reasons of environment pollution, we must take effective steps to control it. The best way to prevent pollution is to plant trees and to take care of them. The wild life must be preserved and the mass massacre of trees must be prevented. To fight the pollution of water sewage treatment plants must be built. We have to pass strict laws to take effective steps against the misuse of microphones to cease sound pollution. People must be made aware of the dangers of sound pollution and everyone must cultivate the virtues of quietness in domestic as well as public life. Above all we must make peace with nature. Composition / Essay Writing Environment Pollution Environmental pollution is a significant issue caused by human activities that harm the natural world. It occurs when harmful substances, such as chemicals and waste, are released into the environment. These pollutants come from various sources like factories, transportation, and waste disposal. Industrial activities are a major contributor, releasing dangerous gases and chemicals into the air, water, and soil. Additionally, improper waste management, especially the disposal of plastic and other non-biodegradable materials, worsens the problem. One of the main causes of pollution is the burning of fossil fuels for energy. Cars, trucks, and factories emit gases like carbon dioxide, which lead to air pollution. This causes smog, reduces air quality, and can have harmful effects on human health. In addition, chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture pollute both soil and water, further damaging the environment. The excess use of these chemicals is detrimental to ecosystems and can even poison drinking water supplies. The effects of pollution are wide-ranging and dangerous. Poor air quality, for example, can lead to respiratory issues such as asthma, bronchitis, and even heart disease. Water pollution, caused by chemicals and waste in rivers and oceans, can harm aquatic life and contaminate water used for drinking and bathing. Pollution also contributes to climate change, with greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere, leading to rising global temperatures and more extreme weather events like floods and droughts. Wildlife is also affected, as many species lose their habitats or become sick from polluted environments. To reduce pollution, it is essential to adopt more eco-friendly practices. One key solution is to switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. These alternatives produce less pollution and are better for the environment. Additionally, recycling and properly disposing of waste can help reduce the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills and oceans. Governments and industries should enforce stricter environmental laws and invest in cleaner technologies. Ultimately, everyone has a role to play in combating pollution. By being more conscious of our energy use, waste, and consumption habits, we can contribute to reducing pollution. Protecting the environment is not only essential for our health and well-being but also for the future of our planet. Small actions, such as reducing plastic use, conserving water, and supporting sustainable practices, can make a big difference in reducing environmental pollution. Environment Pollution Environmental pollution is undeniably one of the most urgent and dangerous challenges facing our world today. It encompasses the deterioration of air, water, and soil caused by harmful human activities. This complex issue brings numerous difficulties and concerns into our daily lives. Air, water, and soil pollution are among the most widespread and harmful forms of environmental degradation. Many factors contribute to this problem, including emissions from factories and vehicles that release harmful smoke and gases, leading to poor air quality. Additionally, industries, such as textiles and garments, often dispose of waste materials in rivers and ponds, causing water pollution. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers is another significant contributor to soil pollution. Environmental pollution has serious consequences for both plant and animal life, leading to harmful effects such as global warming and the greenhouse effect. People exposed to environmental pollution are at risk of developing various respiratory problems, including asthma and coughing. Communities with lower socioeconomic status are particularly vulnerable to these adverse effects and often suffer from prolonged exposure to pollution-related illnesses. To address environmental pollution, we must take immediate action. Firstly, raising awareness and educating the public about the harmful effects of pollution is crucial. Secondly, governments must implement policies and regulations to control pollution effectively. Thirdly, the media, including newspapers and television, should play a role in informing the public about the negative impacts of pollution. Additionally, efforts such as afforestation and reforestation can help mitigate the effects of pollution on our environment. By taking these steps, we can protect our planet and create a healthier and happier environment for everyone. It is essential that we work together to combat environmental pollution and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Any abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics of environment is called pollution. The bio­sphere and the ecosystem are self-sustaining. Nature maintains a balance in land, water, air and all the living organisms in this world. Any imbalance therein causes a chain reaction leading to environment pollution. Today our environment is polluted in many ways. Among them, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution are awfully threatening to the mankind. Environment problem is a direct consequence of industrial progress. It is, therefore, more pronounced in large industrial belts. In these areas, the air gets polluted by the exhausts from automobiles and furnace, industrial soot, emission of smoke from factories etc. Decomposition of garbage and other refuse make the atmosphere heavy. Large scale accumulation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide thus takes place in the air we breathe. Green forests purify air, but with random felling of trees, the percentage of these highly poisonous gases in the air increases. With development of industries, large amount of industrial and municipal wastes are discharged into rivers or lakes. Thus water gets polluted with toxic chemicals resulting in the death of marine lives. Emissions from refineries float on seas destroying marine lives and coastal vegetation wherever it strikes. Sound pollution, a part of our daily life affects our hearing, our nerves, our ability to work efficiently and our general health. Soil pollution is also another important aspect. Factory waste, nuclear explosion, oil etc pollute the soil and soil can’t grow crops. All these cause great damage to the health of living creatures. Steps must be taken to prevent environment pollution for the greater welfare of mankind. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION : CAUSES AND MEASURES The thing which makes the world most worried is environment pollution. Our environment comprises the elements that surround us. Air, water, the sun, the moon. weather, climate and everything fall under the category of environment. Environment makes us survive. We get everything from nature to meet the need of our life.   The world is producing millions of tons of domestic rubbish and toxic industrial waste each year, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to find suitable locations to get rid of all the refuse. We know that air is an important element of our environment and our air is polluted by smoke. Man makes fire to cook food, make bricks. melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil. Mills and factories also belch a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. These too emit smoke. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air.   Water, another vital element of the environment, is also polluted in different ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods wash away some of these chemicals, they get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water.   Sound pollution is another hindrance to a calm and serene life. There are so many disturbing sounds made by man and machines. Making loud sounds without caring for human disturbance is a cognizable offence. People suffering from hypertension or heart disease may have heart attack or stroke if they hear loud sounds. Even loud sound may affect the mental upbringing of a baby. Greenhouse effect is a recent concept which means the adverse effects caused by the rise in the temperature in the climate of the world. Indiscriminate deforestation throughout the world also is one of the causes to create imbalance in the climate and it, in turn, helps Greenhouse effect to intensify.   Environment is the basis of our existence. To ensure our existence we should remain free from all sorts of pollution. Government, semi-government, non-government organisations should come forward with the programmes of saving environment. All of us should remember the importance of the slogan, "Save the environment, ensure the healthier life.     E nvironment Pollution Pollution means spoiling the purity of a thing. So environment pollution means the destruction of the purity of our environment. In our Bangladesh, the problem is growing more and more acute. So, it affects our health and causes loss to us in different ways. Air, water, plants, animals etc. form our environment. Pure air is essential for our health. On the contrary, impure air is injurious to our health. In cities and towns most people live in congested areas. The most common factor that pollutes air is smoke. All types of smoke pollute air. Men makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, to burn refuse and to melt pitch etc. All these create smoke and pollute air. Railway engines, buses, trucks and other vehicles emit smoke and thus pollute the air. The serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas and big cities. Air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory disease. Water can be polluted in many ways. Chemical fertilizers and insecticides used by the farmers in their fields pollute water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing waste products of many poisonous chemicals into rivers and canals.Human waste and filth that fall into rivers and canals from unsanitary latrines pollute water.   Another kind of pollution is sound pollution. Sound pollution is caused by the use of different kinds of horns of vehicles and the indiscriminate use of microphones, loud speakers, slogans, film songs, crackers during the religious festivals etc.   Plants are our great friends. Trees take carbon dioxide from the air and give us life giving oxygen. But people recklessly cut down trees. Consequently a fertile land turns into a desert. Some animals and birds are of great use to us. Their proper maintenance is essential for our good.   Therefore, we should be conscious to keep our environment free from pollution. Otherwise, it will create a great dangerous situation for oul, life, property and above all future generation. The Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh Introduction : In our day-to-day life, we are facing newer serious problems - environmental pollution has become one of them in our country. It is regarded as a global problem too. Our environment is getting polluted day by day. Our life is closely related to environment. As a result of environmental pollution. our life is now in great. threat.   Different pollutions : Now we are facing different environmental pollutions such as water pollution, air pollution, sound pollution, odour pollution and arsenic pollution. Wherever we cast our eyes or move, we feel various pollutions in the environment.- Water is one of the vital element of' the environment. But now it is seriously polluted. Air is another principal element. But this life saving element is also severely polluted.   Causes of pollution : Our environment is polluted in many ways. Air is polluted by smoke. Mills, factories, industries, power houses, rail engines, motor- vehicles and brick-fields emit huge black smoke and fume. They get mixed with   air and pollute it. Water is another principal element of an environment. It is also polluted in many ways. Our farmers use chemical fertilizers to grow better crops. They also use insecticides to kill the harmful insects that harm crops, vegetables and fruits. They get mixed with water and pollute it seriously. Besides, our mills and factories pollute/contaminate water by dumping/ throwing toxic chemicals and waste products into rivers and canals. Insanitary latrines also cause water pollution. Loud-speakers: mike, the radio, television, aeroplanes, jet engines, rail engines. power-houses, motor cars etc. creates dangerous sound pollution. Improper management of rubbish and wastes create bad smell which creates odour pollution.   Bad effects : The bad effect of environmental pollution is very panic and alarming. Air pollution causes various respiratory diseases, water pollution causes fatal waterborne diseases, odour pollution causes also respiratory diseases, sound pollution harms our brain, hearing and hampers our concentration on works and studies. All these environmental pollutions affect the wildlife, crops, trees and creates imbalance in the environment. They harm our agriculture as well as our economy.   How to solve/Remedies : In order to solve/control environmental pollution. illiteracy and poverty must be eradicated/ removed. Civic consciousness should be raised about the danger of environmental pollution. Lead free fuel must be used in cars and mills and factories. Environment protection law must be made effective properly. The dumping of toxic chemicals and waste products from mills, factories and industries into water must be stopped. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides should be controlled. The dumping food waste, human waste and the burnt oil from the water vehicles must be stopped. Public awareness should be created about the danger of environmental pollution. Illiteracy must be wiped out. Population explosion must .be stopped. Early marriage must be banned. Environment protection laws must be imposed effectively in order to check environmental pollution. COMPULSORY SALVAGING THE ENVIRONMENT   The world we live in is full of things and beings. There are many objects around us. Some objects are natural like stones , trees, air and water. Some are man-made like houses, cars, cloth and chemicals. There are some forces. Besides, life exists under some conditions. All these three things namely objects, forces and conditions, together make our environment.   Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. So, we are the people who are totally responsible to save our environment which makes direct effect on our life free from all sorts of pollution. Environment pollution affects our life very seriously. This is why, I agree to the statement that to save the environment is the responsibility of each and every individual and not only of the government. There are some arguments for this statement. These are as follows : We know that the main elements of human environment are animals, plants, soil, air and water. Life on earth can't exist until and unless these are kept clean and pure. There are relationships between these elements. When these relationships are disturbed life becomes difficult or impossible.   We must keep the environment balanced and fit for all kinds of life—human, animal and plant. By keeping the environment clean, man can ensure a healthier and happier life. It is man who can turn a good, clean environment into a bad polluted one. He can do this without even knowing that he is doing it. By many unwise acts he pollutes his environment and kills a lot of valuable lives. So, we should try our best to save the environment. If we think that the government is the only agent that saves the environment, we are totally wrong. All individuals coming and working together can save it and save a lot of lives. If it is to be done, common people should be made aware of saving the environment.   The government can play a vital role to save the environment. But the role played by media and individuals is equally important.   PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION   Environmental pollution poses a significant threat to our total environment, encompassing all living organisms and natural elements. The delicate balance among men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water is disrupted by pollution, making life difficult or even unsustainable. Pollution refers to any abnormal change in the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of the environment. Today, our environment faces various forms of pollution, including air pollution, water pollution, and sound pollution, which pose serious risks to humanity. Industrial areas are particularly prone to environmental pollution due to the unchecked growth of industries. The exhaust emissions from vehicles also contribute significantly to air pollution, necessitating effective measures to control them. Planting trees and nurturing them is one of the most effective ways to prevent pollution, as trees help to purify the air and maintain ecological balance. Preserving wildlife and preventing deforestation are also crucial in combating environmental degradation. Additionally, the establishment of sewage treatment plants is essential to address water pollution and ensure the cleanliness of water bodies. To tackle sound pollution, strict regulations must be enacted to prevent the misuse of microphones and loudspeakers. It is imperative to raise awareness among the public about the detrimental effects of sound pollution and promote the cultivation of quietness in both domestic and public settings. Ultimately, achieving harmony with nature is paramount in preventing environmental pollution. This entails adopting sustainable practices and respecting the delicate balance of ecosystems. By taking proactive measures to mitigate pollution and safeguard the environment, we can ensure a healthier and more sustainable future for generations to come. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Empowering Women in Bangladesh Empowering women in Bangladesh means giving them the chance to work and make decisions in their families and communities. But many women in Bangladesh stay at home because of old-fashioned ideas and traditions. When a girl is born into a poor family, sometimes her family doesn't want her. They might not send her to school and marry her off when she's very young. After marriage, she might not have much say in her new family and might even suffer abuse because of dowry issues. But women are just as important as men. Almost half of Bangladesh's population is made up of women. Ignoring such a large part of society stops the country from moving forward. So, it's crucial for Bangladesh to empower women, especially since it's still developing. To help women, we need to make sure they can earn their own money. This starts with making sure girls can go to school. Everyone, including women themselves and society, needs to understand and respect women's rights. It's going to take effort from the government and everyone in society to make this happen. By working together, we can create a better society where women have more opportunities to succeed and contribute to the country's progress. Model Answer-2 Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Empowerment means giving power to people who don't have it in society. In Bangladesh, women have often been seen as less important than men and have depended on them since they were children. Even though our constitution says women have the same rights as men, they still face unfair treatment and violence at home, work, and everywhere else. Women in rural Bangladesh work hard doing heavy chores all day, but their efforts to earn money for their families aren't appreciated enough. The biggest obstacle to empowering women is that many of them can't read or write. There are many reasons why it's hard for women to gain power. Our society is usually run by men. Many men don't want women to work outside the home. Women often have to do hard jobs in farming and other fields for very little pay. Although there are plans to help women gain power, they often don't work as well as they should. But the government of Bangladesh wants to help women gain power. They've removed school fees up to high school for girls to improve their reading and writing. Almost all government jobs have spots reserved for women. Many groups that aren't part of the government lend small amounts of money to poor women. This has helped a lot of women in the countryside and cities gain power. There are also strict laws to protect women's rights. Women can be in our Parliament, and they can also run for other government positions. Women have been Prime Minister for three terms in a row. Even so, we still have a long way to go before men and women have the same rights and women have all the power they deserve in Bangladesh. Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Women's empowerment addresses the imbalance of power between men and women in society. In Bangladesh, women historically faced inequality and dependence on men, despite constitutional guarantees of equal rights. Discrimination and violence against women persist in homes, workplaces, and society at large. Women in rural Bangladesh are industrious, managing heavy household chores daily. However, their economic contributions are undervalued, and illiteracy remains a major obstacle to their empowerment. Numerous barriers hinder women's empowerment. Patriarchal family structures often discourage women from seeking employment outside the home. When women do work, they typically receive lower wages, whether in agriculture or other sectors. Although initiatives exist to empower women, their outcomes have been inadequate. The government of Bangladesh is actively promoting women's empowerment. Measures include waiving fees for girls' education up to the higher secondary level and implementing quotas for women in government jobs. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide micro-credit loans, significantly benefiting rural and urban women. Legal protections safeguard women's rights, with reserved seats for women in Parliament and opportunities for them to contest other seats. Despite these efforts, achieving true gender equality remains a distant goal. Bangladesh has seen women serve as Prime Minister for three consecutive terms, yet substantial strides are still needed to establish equal rights for men and women, ensuring comprehensive women's empowerment across the country. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing Employment of Women / Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh About half of the population in our country are women. In the past, opportunities for women to work were very limited, but they have been increasing over time. Previously, women were restricted to their homes and had few chances to work outside. Their roles were primarily as mothers, wives, and homemakers, responsible for raising children and managing household affairs. They had low status in both family and society. Today, however, women play significant roles in all aspects of our country. They are no longer confined to their parents' or husbands' homes. Women contribute substantially to their families by earning income. They manage both household duties and work outside the home, making vital contributions to our economy and nation. With higher education and training, women now hold various professional positions such as teachers, doctors, nurses, social workers, administrators, pilots, engineers, and more. Many women work in family planning and healthcare sectors, serving both rural and urban communities. Additionally, a growing number of women are employed in non-traditional fields such as factories, construction, pharmaceuticals, and small-scale businesses. The ready-made garment industry is a major source of foreign currency for Bangladesh, and it heavily relies on female workers. Approximately 90 percent of the workforce in garment factories are women, highlighting their crucial role in this sector. In conclusion, women have transitioned from limited roles within their households to becoming integral contributors to our nation's workforce and economy. Their increasing participation in diverse fields signifies progress towards gender equality and economic empowerment in Bangladesh. Employment of Women in Bangladesh The role of women in Bangladesh has changed significantly over time. In the past, most women were confined to household duties, with limited opportunities for education or employment. Society viewed women as caregivers, and their contributions were often undervalued. However, over the years, this situation has improved due to efforts in education, awareness, and women's empowerment. Today, women in Bangladesh are actively participating in various fields. Many work in education, healthcare, and the garment industry, which is one of the country’s largest economic sectors. Women also hold positions in government, business, and the media. Microfinance initiatives, such as those led by Grameen Bank, have enabled rural women to start small businesses and support their families. Despite this progress, challenges remain. Many women still face gender discrimination, unequal pay, and workplace harassment. In rural areas, traditional beliefs and poverty often limit women’s opportunities. However, government policies and initiatives by NGOs are helping to address these issues. The increasing involvement of women in the workforce has contributed greatly to the development of Bangladesh. It has improved family incomes, reduced poverty, and inspired future generations. Women's role continues to grow, making them key contributors to the nation’s progress. Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh In the past, women in Bangladesh lived a simple and traditional life. They stayed at home, took care of the family, and did household work. Most women did not go to school or have jobs outside the home. Society believed that women’s place was in the house. Over time, things have changed. Today, women in Bangladesh are more educated and active in many areas. They work as teachers, doctors, engineers, and even in factories, especially in the garment industry. Women are also in important leadership roles, like in the government. For example, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is a woman. Many women in villages now run small businesses with the help of microloans. This helps them earn money and support their families. Education has played a big role in improving women’s lives. Schools and organizations are helping girls to study and dream of better futures. However, women still face problems like inequality, less pay than men, and harassment. In some villages, traditional ideas stop women from reaching their full potential. Despite the challenges, women in Bangladesh have come a long way. They are now important contributors to the country’s progress and continue to inspire others with their achievements. Vocabulary On Employment of Women / Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh Word/Phrase English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Achievement Accomplishment or success অর্জন उपलब्धि Administrator Person managing an organization প্রশাসক प्रशासक Awareness Knowledge or understanding of a situation সচেতনতা जागरूकता Caregiver Person who looks after others পরিচর্যাকারী देखभाल करने वाला Challenge A difficult task or problem চ্যালেঞ্জ चुनौती Confinement Restriction to a particular space সীমাবদ্ধতা सीमितता Contribution Effort or support given to a cause অবদান योगदान Development Process of growth or improvement উন্নয়ন विकास Discrimination Unfair treatment based on differences বৈষম্য भेदभाव Education Process of learning and acquiring knowledge শিক্ষা शिक्षा Empowerment Giving power and authority to someone ক্ষমতায়ন सशक्तिकरण Engineer Person who designs and builds things প্রকৌশলী अभियंता Equality State of being equal সমতা समानता Factory Building where goods are manufactured কারখানা कारख़ाना Family planning Practice of controlling family size পরিবার পরিকল্পনা परिवार नियोजन Garment Clothing or attire পোশাক वस्त्र Gender equality Equal rights for all genders লিঙ্গ সমতা लैंगिक समानता Government The governing body of a country সরকার सरकार Harassment Aggressive pressure or intimidation হয়রানি उत्पीड़न Healthcare Services for maintaining health স্বাস্থ্যসেবা स्वास्थ्य सेवा Household The family unit and its home পরিবার घर का काम Income Money earned through work আয় आय Inequality Lack of fairness or justice বৈষম্য असमानता Initiative Plan or strategy to address an issue উদ্যোগ पहल Leadership Ability to guide or direct others নেতৃত্ব नेतृत्व Microfinance Small loans to support small businesses ক্ষুদ্র ঋণ सूक्ष्म वित्त Opportunity A chance to do something সুযোগ अवसर Participation Involvement in an activity অংশগ্রহণ भागीदारी Pilot Person who operates an aircraft পাইলট पायलट Prime Minister Head of the government প্রধানমন্ত্রী प्रधानमंत्री Professional Person skilled in a particular field পেশাদার पेशेवर Progress Advancement or improvement অগ্রগতি प्रगति Responsibility Duty or obligation দায়িত্ব ज़िम्मेदारी Social worker Person who helps improve the well-being of others সমাজকর্মী समाजसेवी Traditional Based on customs and long-established practices ঐতিহ্যবাহী परंपरागत Transition Change from one state to another রূপান্তর संक्रमण Workforce All the people working in a country or sector কর্মীশক্তি कार्यबल Workplace Place where people work কর্মক্ষেত্র कार्यस्थल Key Points on Women’s Role in Bangladesh Past Role: Stayed at home, did household work, rarely went to school or had jobs. Present Role: Educated, working as teachers, doctors, engineers, and leaders. Garment Industry: Many women work in factories. Leadership: Bangladesh's Prime Minister is a woman. Business: Women run small businesses with microloans. Education: Schools help girls study and dream big. Challenges: Inequality, lower pay, and harassment. Progress: Women are key contributors to Bangladesh’s development.

Paragraph Writing               EID FESTIVAL Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy. During the month the Muslims fast, pray and make sacrifice. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. As an essential part of Islam, the month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds. Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. Eid is also a communion of souls. It is the occasion for thanksgiving to the Almighty Creator. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by pious Muslims who follow the commandments of Allah during Holy Ramadan. Eid in fact awakens in us the spirit that stimulates us in giving a concrete shape to our worldly and spiritual life. The common scene on Eid day is exchanging greetings after prayers, visiting family members, friends and neighbours. Thus Muslims resume their normal life after Ramadan. They become enriched and better prepared to work according to the dictates of Islam. On this occasion, we should pledge to establish an exploitation-free society on the basis of religious values and that is how we should observe Eid-ul-Fitr. An Eid Day I Celebrated Or, A Religious Festival I Enjoyed The Eid is one of the greatest festivals of the Muslims. The Muslims celebrate two Eid festivals a year. One is called Eid-ul-Fitre and another is Eid-ul-Azha. Eid-ul¬Fitre appears to the Muslims after the month of Ramadan. The other appears/ comes after 70 days. I come of a respectable Muslim family. Every year, our family celebrates Eid-Festivals very nicely. On the last Eid day I got up frombed before sun rise. After washing hands and face I said my morning prayer. I along with my younger sister decorated our house very nicely with coloured papers. flowers, festoons and baloons. Then I took/had my.bath with my neighbouring friends. At morning mother cooked very delicious foods like piais, semai,fimi, birani and many others sweets. I ate them with my heart's content. Then I put on dress. I went to the Eidgah Maidan with my grandfather, father, uncle, elder brother and cousins. After Eid-prayer, I embraced with our villagers. On returning from the Eidgah, I visited our neighbours and relatives. All the members of our family ate a rich food together at noon at home. In the afternoon I enjoyed a friendly football match held on our village playground. At night I enjoyed many interesting programmes on the TV screen. Thus, I celebrated the last Eid Day with great joy. An Eid-Day has a great importance in our life. It awakens love and affection. It also teaches us that there is no difference between high and low in the eye of Allah. Eid-ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. I ho Eid marks the end of the month-long fasting of Ramadan. The Muslims curiously wait for this significant day after keeping away from all sorts of wrong, inhuman and harmful activities on this day and the Muslims come closer to one another and exchange their greetings. The pleasure of the children knows no bound. They put on new dresses and visit houses of one another. On this day Muslims get up early in the morning and say their morning prayer. After taking bath they put on new dresses that is Punjabi and pajama and go to Eidgah to say their Eid prayer. After completing the prayer, they embrace each other and exchange greetings saying Eid Mubarak. Then they come back home and salute their elders. They take their foods especially made on that occasion. Wearing new dresses they go out to visit the friends, neighbours and relatives. On this day, we should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Indeed Eid-ul-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness. It teaches us to love to all irrespective to rich and poor.     Composition / Essay Writing    A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy.   The word ‘Eid’ means coming back. The Muslims believe that on the occasion of Eid, the blessings of Allah come back to mankind. They fast, pray and make sacrifice. So Allah is pleased with them and sends His blessing on them. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds.   Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. This is called Fitr. So the name of this festival is Eid-ul-Fitr.   On this day all rise very early. Children pass the night in excitement, and make various preparations. Some of them use fireworks and decorate and illuminate their houses. As soon as the day dawns all rise from their beds. They go to the pond and have their bath. Then they dress themselves in their best clothes. Meanwhile the womenfolk prepare ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of them take sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets are also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gather at the houses of the rich and the rich give them money and clothes.   This being over, all proceed towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. Children also flock there in large number to see the assembly of the people. It is really an imposing sight when thousands of devout heads bow down to the Almighty and rise again in unison. When the prayer is over the ‘khutba’ or sermon is delivered by the leader of the congregation. In the course of the sermon, he speaks about the merit of Ramadan and Fitr. He also exhorts people to be virtuous. In the end, people embrace one another forgetting all enmity and rivalry among them. Then they come back to their respective houses where they are greeted by their mothers, wives and sisters. Children touch the feet of their superiors to get their blessings.   In the evening people visit the houses of their relatives and friends and pass their time in merry-making. Everywhere they are received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Feasts and dinners and held in various places. At night many attend cinema shows or variety performances. Some join Eid re-union parties in clubs and hotels. Thus the day passes through great excitement and bustle. People go to bed late at night.   Eid-ul-Fitr has a great lesson for the Muslims. It teaches them to love all men and makes them feel a great bond of union among the Muslims.   Conclusion : I’d-ul-Fitr has a great lesson for the Muslims. It teaches them love for all men and makes them feel a great bond of union among the Muslims.   A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL Introductions : Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for I’d as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslims heart with exceeding joy. Its meaning : The word Eid means coming back. The Muslims believe that on the occasion of I’d the blessings of Allah come back to mankind. They fast, pray and make sacrifice. So Allah is pleased with them and sends His blessing on them. The month of Ramadhan is the month of fasting and prayer. It is a month of self-denial and devotion. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawwal begins, his joy knows no bounds. The occasion of the festival : Eid -ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawwal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. This is called Fitr. So the name of this festival is Eid -ul-Fitr.   How the day begins : on this day all rise very early. Children pass the night in excitement and make various preparations. Some of them use fireworks and decorate and illuminate their houses. As soon as the day dawns all rise from their beds. They go to the pond and have their bath. Then they dress themselves in the best and the finest clothes. Meanwhile the womenfolk prepare shemai and other kinds of sweets. Then all of them take sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets are also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gather at the houses of the rich and the rich give them money and clothes. Charity, prayer, embracing : This being over, all proceed towards the maidan to offer prayers in congregation. Children also flock there in large number to see the assembly of the people. It is really an imposing sight when thousands of devout heads bow down to the Almighty and rise again in unison. When the prayer is over the khutba or sermon is delivered by the leader of the congregation. In the course of the sermon, he speaks about the merit of Ramadhan and Fitr. He also exhorts people to be virtuous. At the end, people embrace one another forgetting all enmity and rivalry among them. Then they came back to their respective houses where they are greeted by their mothers, wives and sisters. Children touch the feet of their superiors to get their blessings. What happens in the evening : In the evening people visit the houses of their relatives and friends and pass their time in merry-making. Everywhere they are received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Feasts and dinners are held in various places. At night many attend cinema shows or variety performances. Some join I’d re­union parties in clubs and hotels. Thus the day passes through great excitement and bustle. People go to bed late at night. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Eating Habits of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh The eating habits of people in Bangladesh, whether in rural villages or urban areas, reflect the rich cultural heritage of the country. Rice is a staple food for both rural and urban dwellers, usually served boiled alongside a variety of vegetables, curries, lentil soups, and fish or meat dishes. Fish, in particular, holds significance as a primary food item alongside rice. Additionally, dishes like Polao are commonly enjoyed by both rural and urban populations. While there are shared food preferences, such as snacks, sweets, and traditional delicacies like pithas, there are also distinctions between the dietary habits of rural and urban residents. Village dwellers often favor traditional foods like pithas, date juice, flattened rice (chira), puffed rice (muri), and boiled eggs (khai). In contrast, urban inhabitants tend to gravitate towards modern snacks like sandwiches, burgers, samosas, and spring rolls. Moreover, the modernization of dietary preferences is evident in the growing popularity of fast food items among urban populations. Fast foods such as shwarma, grilled dishes, fried chicken, and french fries are increasingly favored by urbanites. In summary, while there are commonalities in certain food choices between rural and urban areas in Bangladesh, there are also noticeable differences. Rural communities tend to maintain a preference for traditional foods, while urban residents show a growing inclination towards modern and fast-food options. These dietary distinctions reflect the diverse cultural and lifestyle dynamics within the country. Model Answer-2 Eating Habits of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, most people live in villages, with around 85 thousand villages across the country. Alongside these villages, there are also many towns. Together, both rural and urban areas make up our population. Bangladesh has a diverse cultural heritage, including varied eating habits that are rich in flavor thanks to the use of many spices. Rice is the main food for us, and it's typically served boiled with a variety of accompaniments like vegetables, curry, lentil soups, fish, and meat. Fish is especially important in our diet, along with boiled rice. Both rural and urban people commonly eat rice and fish. Polao, a flavored rice dish, is also enjoyed by people from both areas. Additionally, there are other foods like snacks, sweets, and pithas (traditional cakes) that are liked by both rural and urban dwellers. However, there are some differences in food preferences between village and town residents. Village people tend to enjoy foods like pithas (cakes), date juice, flattened rice (chira), puffed rice (muri), and molasses (khai). On the other hand, urban residents often prefer snacks like sandwiches, burgers, samosas, and spring rolls. In modern times, there's a growing fondness for fast foods such as shawarma, grilled items, fried chicken, and french fries among urban dwellers. In summary, the choices of food items vary between rural and urban populations in Bangladesh. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing THE EATING HABITS OF THE BANGLADESHI PEOPLE In Bangladesh, different people like different kinds of foods according to their own choice and taste. But, by and large, the eating habits of Bangladeshi people are almost the same. In Bangladesh, people are habituated to have three meals a day. Rice, dal and fish are the main meal of the people. In Bangladesh, most people use their fingers for eating. In Bangladesh, common foods are rice, fish and dal. People also eat wheat, potatoes and other seasonal vegetables, beef, mutton, chicken, eggs, bread and other bakery products and all sorts of local fruits according to their own taste. All these are common food items. Some people occasionally eat polao, biryani, chicken roast, mutton curry, beef curry, etc. We like all these Bangladeshi foods because we are habituated to eat them. In Bangladesh, most families have three meals a day — breakfast, lunch and dinner. Here breakfast usually consists of bread and vegetables. Some rich and aristocratic people are habituated to take sliced bread with butter, jam or jelly, egg and tea or coffee later. Lunch is the main meal of the people. Generally, lunch contains rice, fish and dal. This may be different during weekends. Friday lunch is often the most important meal of the week. On this day, various special food items are prepared and the whole family eat together. There is another meal in the evening called supper. Eating habits of Bangladeshi people are almost all the same. Eating habit is very important for a person because it helps him to take a balanced diet regularly according to his demands which is very necessary for health. Besides, eating habit is very important to enjoy a sound health in a sound body and a sound mind. It is notable that the eating habits of Bangladeshi. people are changing nowadays. Fast food and foreign cuisines are getting popular with the people. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing E – Learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming video, audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD or DVD-ROM and computer-based, as well as web-based learning. In e-learning every step such as, registration, admission, classroom entry and exit, class work, attendance, discussion with course mates, feedback, exams and finally certification must take place electronically through computer and the Internet technology in a virtual campus. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many people involved in e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most of the e-learning uses combinations of many techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, e-portfolios, educational websites and virtual classrooms. E-Learning has become an important technique that educational as well as business institutions invest a great deal of money, time and effort in order to make use of it. E-Learning has proven to be the cheapest way to transmit knowledge to the largest number of people regardless of their location and their devices. Most of the existing e-Learning environments present some similarities and most educators need several tools to efficiently make use of e-Learning. In short, e-learning has helped people to learn about anything they want, anytime they want by using modern technologies and thus spreading knowledge all around the world.   Model Answer-2 E-Learning E-learning is the use of technology to help people learn. It includes things like the internet, computers, and digital tools to deliver lessons and learning materials. E-learning can use text, images, videos, audio, and more. It can be done online through websites, videos, and virtual classrooms. In e-learning, all steps of the learning process are done electronically. This means registration, attending classes, discussions, exams, and even getting certificates are done online. Many people believe that new technologies make a big difference in education, and they think everyone should have some basic knowledge of how to use technology for learning. Different technologies help in e-learning, such as blogs, online groups, websites, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning programs use a mix of these tools. Many schools and businesses spend a lot of money and time to use e-learning because it is an efficient way to teach people, no matter where they are in the world. E-learning is often cheaper than traditional education. It allows more people to learn without needing to travel or be in a physical classroom. Even though there are challenges, such as needing internet access, e-learning has made it possible for people to learn anything they want, whenever they want, using technology. In short, e-learning is changing how education works by making learning accessible to more people everywhere. Model Answer-3   Composition / Essay Writing E-Learning E-learning, or electronic learning, is the use of technology to deliver education and training over the internet. It has become an essential part of modern education, especially with the development of digital tools and platforms. E-learning allows students to learn from anywhere in the world, as long as they have access to the internet. One of the main advantages of e-learning is its flexibility. Students can access course materials, lectures, and assignments at any time that suits them, which is very helpful for people who have busy schedules. They can learn at their own pace, pause lessons, and go back to review materials whenever needed. E-learning also provides access to a wide range of resources. With just a few clicks, students can find videos, articles, quizzes, and interactive tools that enhance their learning experience. Online courses often feature discussion forums where students can interact with each other and ask questions, helping them understand the subject better. Furthermore, e-learning offers cost-effective solutions. Traditional education often requires students to travel to schools or universities, but with e-learning, students can save money on transport and other expenses. Additionally, many online courses are more affordable than traditional classroom programs. However, there are also some challenges to e-learning. It requires a reliable internet connection, and not all students have access to this. It also requires self-discipline and motivation, as students are responsible for their own learning without the structure of a classroom. In conclusion, e-learning has revolutionized education by making it more accessible, flexible, and cost-effective. While there are challenges, it offers many opportunities for students to learn and grow in the digital age. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS Duty towards parents is a great virtue. Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us during our infancy. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for our parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfill all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. On the contrary, obedience and performing duties to parents bring happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, duty to parent is endless. So, every son every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heartfelt love.   Model Answer-2 Duty Towards Parents The duty towards parents is one of the greatest virtues. Parents hold a special place in our lives, second only to God. They are the ones who give us life and guide us through our journey on Earth. Parents are not only our caregivers but also our best friends and well-wishers. From the moment we are born, we are helpless, and it is our parents who lovingly nurture us and care for us during our early years. Their love for us is unmatched. We have many responsibilities towards our parents. They sacrifice everything for our happiness, so it is our duty to serve and care for them in return. As we grow older, it is important to look after them, especially when they become elderly and weak, just as they looked after us when we were children. We should provide for their needs and be there for them when they face sickness or weakness in their later years. When our parents grow old, we must take care of them with tenderness, patience, and love. We should fulfill their wishes and never do anything that might hurt their feelings. A son or daughter who does not obey or respect their parents will not find true success or happiness. On the other hand, being obedient and fulfilling our duties towards our parents brings joy, peace, and satisfaction in life. In conclusion, the duty to our parents is endless. Every child should serve their parents by listening to their advice, following their guidance, and caring for them with love and respect. Our gratitude and love for our parents should be shown through our actions, and we should always strive to make their lives comfortable and happy. Model Answer-3   Composition / Essay Writing Duty Towards Parents Parents play a very important role in our lives. They give us life, take care of us when we are children, and help us grow into responsible adults. Our duty towards our parents is to love, respect, and care for them, especially when they grow old. The first duty we have towards our parents is to love them. As children, we depend on them for everything. They work hard to provide us with food, shelter, and education. In return, we should show them our love and appreciation. Saying "thank you" for their sacrifices can make them feel valued. The second duty is to respect our parents. Respecting them means listening to their advice, following their rules, and treating them with kindness. Parents have more experience in life, and their advice is valuable. Even when we disagree with them, we should be polite and respectful in our words and actions. Another important duty is to care for our parents, especially when they get older. As they age, they may need more help with daily tasks, and it is our responsibility to assist them. We can help them with household chores, take them to medical appointments, or simply spend time with them. Caring for parents in their old age is a way of showing gratitude for everything they did for us when we were young. In some cultures, there is a strong tradition of children living with or close to their parents, so they can look after them. Even if we cannot live with our parents, we should keep in touch with them, call them regularly, and visit them when possible. To sum up, our duty towards our parents is to love, respect, and care for them. As they did for us, we should give them our support, especially when they grow old. Taking care of our parents is not just a duty; it is a way to show our gratitude and appreciation for their unconditional love and sacrifices. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Drug Addiction Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless.   Model Answer-2 Advanced Drug Addiction Drug addiction is a pernicious habit characterized by a strong compulsion to consume harmful substances such as wine, opium, morphine, and heroin. It is a scourge that afflicts human civilization and has emerged as a global problem. The consumption of drugs is highly addictive, making it extremely difficult for individuals to break the cycle of abuse. This phenomenon is especially concerning among young students in our society, many of whom have fallen prey to drug addiction. The root causes of this heinous habit include bad company, unemployment, political instability, and a lack of strong family ties. People often turn to drugs to numb the pain of painful and sorrowful memories, to seek pleasure, or to conform to a fashionable trend. Unfortunately, drug addicts often resort to criminal activities like hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, and even murder to obtain money for drugs. These actions have severe consequences on an addict's health, dignity, and social standing. They suffer from physical weakness, high blood pressure, and other fatal diseases, and often lose the love and affection of their friends and family. It is imperative to take strong measures to eradicate drug addiction from society. A strong campaign against drug addiction must be initiated to save our young people and the nation as a whole. Addressing the issue of illiteracy and ignorance can also help. Social awareness campaigns can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. Failure to address this problem will render all our development plans and efforts futile and meaningless. Model Answer-3   Drug addiction ​ Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain . It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles. Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs.The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries. DRUG ADDICTION ​ Drug addiction is a social problem. But it is no longer a social problem of specific society, it has become a global issue. The number of drug addicts has increased all over the world. Especially, in the under-developed countries the picture is very alarming. Many young people have become addicted to drugs in our country. Reasons for this addiction are many. Of them political interest, unemployment, lack of family ties are some of the main reasons which make them addicted to drugs. Out of complete frustration they become drug addicts. Drug traffickers also play a major role to instigate the young generation to this fatal habit. Once anybody takes to this habit he can hardly give it up. Many young people who suddenly become drug addicts find difficult times to buy the costly drugs marketed by the organized drug dealers. When their financial sources to buy drugs become exhausted, they commit many social crimes. Their crimes include looting, hijacking, killing, robbery and abduction. Drug addicts also become a burden for the society. They never enjoy sound health and become crippled, in most cases die, very shortly. Drugs have serious bad impacts on the human mind and body. It is a serious national issue of utmost importance. The government, the police, the local civil administration, the political parties, the parents and the common people must respond to the issue with concerted efforts to stop this fatal practice among the young generation of the country. ​ ​ The Curse of Drug Addiction Or, Drug Addiction ​ Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless. DRUG ADDICTION Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken by some people for stimulating effect. This habit of taking harmfuldrugs is called drug addiction. Heroine, opium, morphin, cocaine, phensidyl etc are some of the drugs. The person who once starts taking drugs cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind people's getting addicted to the detrimental drugs. Some people take drugs to forget their painful past or memories. Some people take drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. There is also another type of people who at first take drugs as a fun but it turns into an addiction later on. The aftermaths of drug addiction is very dire and despicable. The health of the addicts breaks down. The addicts lose their mental power and courage. He feels drowsy and loses appetite. They lose their social status and the love of their near and dear ones as well. Various kinds of diseases grasp them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia, nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and from many other lethal diseases. Their kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drug addiction is not only a national problem but also a global problem. So, it should be stopped by any means. I can save myself from it by self-consciousness, by keeping myself aloof from bad companies and by being strict. minded against it. DRUG ADDICTION Drug addiction is when someone regularly takes harmful drugs, not for medical reasons, but for the effects they produce. Drugs like heroin, opium, morphine, cocaine, and phensidyl are examples of these harmful substances. Once a person starts using drugs, it's difficult for them to stop. There are several reasons why people become addicted to drugs. Some use them to escape painful memories, while others seek pleasure. Some may start using drugs for fun but find themselves unable to quit later on. However, the consequences of drug addiction are severe. Health deteriorates quickly for those addicted to drugs. They lose mental clarity and bravery, often feeling drowsy and losing their appetite. Their social standing declines, and they may lose the love and support of family and friends. Additionally, drug addicts are prone to various diseases, such as amnesia, insomnia, nausea, weakness, and high blood pressure. Drug abuse can also damage vital organs like the kidneys and liver. Drug addiction isn't just a problem in one country—it's a global issue. Therefore, it's crucial to find ways to prevent and stop it. Individuals can protect themselves by being aware of the dangers of drugs, avoiding negative influences, and staying firm in their resolve to stay drug-free. It's essential for communities and governments to provide support and resources for those struggling with addiction. By working together, we can combat drug addiction and create healthier, safer societies for everyone. Composition / Essay Writing DRUG ADDICTION Drug is a kind of intoxicating element that affects the nervous system of our body seriously. Drug addiction means a strong desire for a drug which the addict cannot resist. Narcotics like opium, morphine, heroine, marijuana, cocaine etc. are used by the addicted. These drugs are used for their intoxicating, tranquilising, stimulating effects. If a person gets addicted to any of these once, he cannot go without them. Drug addiction is a curse of modern civilization. Drugs lead youngsters to go astray and destroy many valuable and beautiful lives. There are some reasons for drug addiction such as, frustration, association, availability of intoxicant, unemployment, failure in love, degradation of religious values, lack of family ties, etc. When a young person falls into a completely hopeless situation, drugs allure him. Sometimes young boys and girls come in contact with drugs out of curiosity. Drug addiction creates social problems. Narcotics are very expensive. So the addicted person often go for stealing, hijacking and all sorts of misdeeds to procure money. He can, in no circumstances, refrain from taking drugs. He tries to have it at any cost. It helps him to see strange things that have no existence at all to him. The drug-addict also does something that ruins the peace of the family. He even steals ornaments, utensils, clothes and what not to procure money for buying drugs. So all other members of the family remain in tension for his misdeeds. The fate of the addict is serious. He dies a painful death losing character. He becomes a burden not only for the family but also for the society and also for the nation. The remedy for drug-addiction is not very easy. Drug addiction is not only a national but also a global problem. To save our young generation from drug-addiction the government and educated people should come forward with necessary remedies. Strong measures should be taken to stop the production and trafficking of drugs. Drug-business is punishable and the highest punishment is death sentence in Bangladesh. This law should be enforced immediately.   DRUG ADDICTION Our world is on the edge of the 21st century. In this modern era there are few problems in the world which are thought to be the problem of the whole civilization. Among the very few drug addiction is the most important one. I strongly agree with the statement that drug addiction is not only a national but also a global problem. If we look at the present situation of the world, we can see that drug addiction is everywhere. It is in our country as well as in the western world, in Africa, in South America and of course all over Asia. There are few zones of the world where drug addiction is very alarming. The zones are golden triangle, Columbia and its associated countries, America and Mexico. People all over the world take drugs in various forms. Drugs are also available in a lot of forms like—heroin, marijuana, cocaine, ganja, vang etc. In the western world there are groups who control the activities of the drug suppliers and producers. This group is known as Mafia circle or group: These groups are also related with other crimes. In our country drug addiction problem is now increasing day by day. As our country is nearer to the so-called golden triangle, the drug suppliers use our country as a corridor as well as a place of selling drugs. Young generation of the country is easily addicted to drug in our country due to the following reasons (a)   Availability of drug. (b)   Poor activities of the law enforcement sectors.  (c) Political support to the drug Mafia. Our government should be more strict in this matter and take necessary steps to prevent the underworld criminals to save the future generation of the country.   DRUG ADDICTION Drug is a kind of intoxicating element that affects the nervous system of our body seriously. Drug addiction means a strong desire for a drug which the addict cannot resist. Narcotics like opium, morphine, heroine, marijuana, cocaine etc. are used by the addicted. These drugs are used for their intoxicating, tranquilising, stimulating effects. If a person gets addicted to any of these once, he cannot go without them. Drugs have terrible effects on human body. They may affect the brain and all internal functions of the body. Sudden withdrawal of drug is more dangerous. The addicts feel intensepain in the body. They sweat heavily and vomit. The treatment of drug-addiction is expensive and difficult. Drug addiction is a curse of modern civilization. Drugs lead youngsters to $o astray and destroy many valuable and beautiful lives. There are some reasons for drug addiction such as, frustration, association, availability of intoxicant, unemployment, failure in love, degradation of religious values, lack of family ties, etc. When a young person falls into a completely hopeless situation, drugs allure him. Sometimes young boys and girls come in contact with drugs out of curiosity. Drug addiction creates social problems. Narcotics are very expensive. So the addicted person often go for stealing, hijacking and all sorts of misdeeds to procure money. The drug-addict also does something that ruins the peace of the family. He even steals ornaments, utensils, clothes and what not to procure money for buying drugs. So all other members of the family remain in tension for his misdeeds. The remedy for drug-addiction is not very easy. To save our young generation from drug-addiction the government and educated people should come forward with necessary remedies. Strong measures should be taken to stop the production and trafficking of drugs. Sufficient clinics should be established to cure drug victims. Drug addiction is an acute problem in Bangladesh. It is a bane that causes fatal diseases. So more people, Govt. and non-Govt. agencies, conscious youth organisations should come forward to fight against it and save our young generation from its devastating effects. মাদকাসক্তি মাদকাসক্তি মানে হলো মদ, আফিম, মরফিন এবং হেরোইন ইত্যাদি ক্ষতিকারক মাদক গ্রহণের তীব্র আকর্ষণ। এটি মানুষের জীবনের সবচেয়ে ক্ষতিকর অভ্যাস। এটি মানব সভ্যতার জন্য একটি অভিশাপ। আজ এটি বিশ্বব্যাপী সমস্যায় পরিণত হয়েছে। যখন কেউ একবার মাদক গ্রহণ শুরু করে, তখন সে তা গ্রহণ বন্ধ করতে পারে না। এটি একটি উদ্বেগজনক খবর যে আমাদের সমাজের অনেক ছাত্র ইতিমধ্যেই মাদকাসক্তিতে আসক্ত হয়ে পড়েছে। খারাপ সঙ্গ এই জঘন্য অভ্যাসের অন্যতম প্রধান কারণ। বেকার সমস্যা, অস্থির রাজনীতি এবং পারিবারিক বন্ধনের অভাব এই বিপজ্জনক অভ্যাসের জন্য দায়ী। কেউ কেউ তাদের অতীতের বেদনাদায়ক এবং দুঃখজনক স্মৃতি ভুলে যাওয়ার জন্য মাদক গ্রহণ করে, কেউ বিনোদনের জন্য এবং কেউ ফ্যাশন হিসেবে। অর্থ সংগ্রহের জন্য, মাদকাসক্তরা বিভিন্ন সামাজিক অপরাধ এবং ছিনতাই, চোরাচালান, চুরি, ছিনতাই, লুটপাট, হত্যা ইত্যাদি পাপ কাজ করে। একজন মাদকাসক্ত সর্বদা তন্দ্রাচ্ছন্ন (ঘুমন্ত) বোধ করে এবং তীব্র মাথাব্যথায় ভোগে। সে সমাজে তার মর্যাদা সম্পূর্ণরূপে হারিয়ে ফেলে। সে তার প্রিয়জনদের ভালোবাসা এবং স্নেহও হারায়। বিভিন্ন জন্মগত রোগ তাকে গ্রাস করে। তিনি শারীরিক দুর্বলতা, ক্ষত, উচ্চ রক্তচাপ এবং আরও অনেক মারাত্মক রোগে ভুগছেন। তার কিডনি এবং লিভারও মারাত্মকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়। এই বিপজ্জনক অভ্যাস একজন আসক্তকে মৃত্যুর দিকে ঠেলে দেয়। আমাদের তরুণ সমাজ এবং জাতিকে বাঁচাতে মাদকাসক্তির বিরুদ্ধে একটি শক্তিশালী অভিযান শুরু করার সময় এসেছে। সমাজ থেকে নিরক্ষরতা এবং অজ্ঞতা দূর করতে হবে। মাদকাসক্তি নির্মূলে সামাজিক সচেতনতা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করতে পারে। যদি আমরা এই ভয়াবহ অভ্যাসটি নির্মূল করতে ব্যর্থ হই, তাহলে আমাদের সমস্ত উন্নয়ন পরিকল্পনা এবং প্রচেষ্টা নিষ্ফল এবং অর্থহীন হয়ে পড়বে। Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing Write a paragraph on "Dream" based on the answer to the following questions. (a) What is a dream? (b) What are the characteristics of a dream? (c) Why do we dream? (d) Do you have any dream in your life? (e) What do you do to fulfil your dream? (C8 '22) Dream Dreams are a mix of pictures, thoughts, and feelings that people experience in their minds while they sleep. They can be clear, beautiful, or fuzzy, and they can bring joy or fear. For centuries, philosophers have been captivated by dreams, which have prompted scientific study. However, scientists haven't fully grasped their purpose yet. Some researchers think dreams don't serve a real purpose, while others believe they're crucial for mental and physical health. One idea is that dreams reveal our hidden desires and motivations, acting as a way to fulfill wishes we repress. Another theory suggests dreams are meaningful; they allow our brains to create new ideas while we sleep. Yet another theory proposes that dreams work like a type of therapy for our minds. But it's important to remember that dreams are personal and based on our brain's signals during sleep. Some people, like me, also dream while awake, with their eyes open. I'm one of those people, and my dream is to become a social worker. To make my dream come true, I've been participating in various social activities. Model Answer-2 Dream Dreams are experiences we have while we sleep. They can include images, thoughts, and feelings. Sometimes dreams are clear and happy, but at other times, they can be confusing or even scary. People have been interested in dreams for a long time, but understanding them is still hard for scientists. Many different ideas exist about why we dream, but no one knows for sure. One idea is that dreams allow us to show our hidden desires or wishes. Some people think that dreams help our brain work through problems or come up with new ideas. Others believe dreams help us deal with emotions and experiences, especially difficult ones. Dreams are personal to each person, and what we dream about depends on our own experiences and feelings. For most people, dreams happen during sleep, but some people say they have very real dreams even when they are awake. This makes it hard to know exactly where dreams begin and end. Even though many scientists have studied dreams, no one has found the exact reason why we dream. Some believe dreams help us understand ourselves better, while others think dreams are just random thoughts from our minds. Still, dreams continue to be a mystery. They are fascinating, and scientists keep working to learn more. People will likely continue to debate the meaning and purpose of dreams for many years to come. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Dreams Dreams are a natural part of our lives. They happen when we sleep. Everyone dreams, but not everyone remembers their dreams. Sometimes, dreams are very clear, and other times, they are hard to remember. Dreams can be happy, scary, strange, or even confusing. When we dream, our minds are working. It is like our brain is telling a story while we sleep. Some people believe that dreams are a way for our mind to process our feelings and thoughts. For example, if we are worried about something, we might dream about it. Dreams can also help us understand our hopes and fears. Some dreams are based on things that happen during the day. If you watch a scary movie before bed, you might have a scary dream. Other times, dreams can be about things that have nothing to do with our daily lives. These types of dreams are often strange and hard to explain. Sometimes, we may dream about people we have never met or places we have never been. There are different types of dreams. One type is a daydream. This is when we think about something during the day, like imagining a fun vacation or thinking about a future goal. Another type of dream is a nightmare. This is a bad dream that can make us feel afraid or sad when we wake up. However, not all dreams are bad. Some dreams can be very pleasant and even inspire us. Dreams are important because they can help us understand ourselves better. They can also give us ideas or solutions to problems. In some cases, dreams can be a source of inspiration. Many famous writers, artists, and inventors have said that their dreams helped them create something new. In conclusion, dreams are a fascinating part of life. They allow us to explore our thoughts and emotions. Even though we may not always understand them, dreams play a big role in how we think and feel. Translation স্বপ্ন স্বপ্ন হলো সেই অভিজ্ঞতাগুলো যা আমরা ঘুমানোর সময় অনুভব করি। এগুলোতে ছবি, চিন্তা, এবং অনুভূতিও থাকতে পারে। কখনো স্বপ্ন স্পষ্ট এবং সুখকর হয়, কিন্তু অন্য সময়ে এগুলো বিভ্রান্তিকর বা এমনকি ভয়ঙ্কর হতে পারে। মানুষ অনেক দিন ধরে স্বপ্নের প্রতি আগ্রহী, কিন্তু বিজ্ঞানীদের জন্য এগুলো বুঝতে এখনো কঠিন। কেন আমরা স্বপ্ন দেখি তা নিয়ে বিভিন্ন ধারণা রয়েছে, কিন্তু কেউ সুনির্দিষ্টভাবে জানে না। একটি ধারণা হলো, স্বপ্ন আমাদের লুকানো ইচ্ছা বা চাওয়া প্রকাশের সুযোগ দেয়। কিছু মানুষ মনে করেন যে স্বপ্ন আমাদের মস্তিষ্ককে সমস্যা সমাধান করতে বা নতুন ধারণা নিয়ে আসতে সাহায্য করে। অন্যরা বিশ্বাস করেন যে স্বপ্ন আমাদের আবেগ এবং অভিজ্ঞতাগুলি, বিশেষ করে কঠিন সময়গুলো, মোকাবিলা করতে সাহায্য করে। স্বপ্ন ব্যক্তিগত, এবং আমরা যা স্বপ্ন দেখি তা আমাদের নিজস্ব অভিজ্ঞতা এবং অনুভূতিগুলির উপর নির্ভর করে। বেশিরভাগ মানুষের জন্য, স্বপ্ন ঘুমানোর সময় ঘটে, তবে কিছু মানুষ বলেন যে তারা খুব বাস্তব স্বপ্ন দেখে এমনকি যখন তারা জাগ্রত থাকে। এটি জানানো কঠিন করে তোলে যে স্বপ্ন কোথায় শুরু হয় এবং কোথায় শেষ হয়। যদিও অনেক বিজ্ঞানী স্বপ্ন নিয়ে গবেষণা করেছেন, কেউই জানেন না কেন আমরা স্বপ্ন দেখি। কিছু মানুষ বিশ্বাস করেন যে স্বপ্ন আমাদের নিজেদের ভালোভাবে বুঝতে সাহায্য করে, অন্যরা মনে করেন যে স্বপ্ন শুধুমাত্র আমাদের মন থেকে বেরিয়ে আসা এলোমেলো চিন্তা। তবুও, স্বপ্ন এক রহস্য হয়ে রয়ে গেছে। এগুলো আকর্ষণীয়, এবং বিজ্ঞানীরা আরও জানতে কাজ করে যাচ্ছেন। মানুষ সম্ভবত অনেক বছর ধরে স্বপ্নের মানে এবং উদ্দেশ্য নিয়ে বিতর্ক করতে থাকবে। Key Points on Dreams Nature of Dreams: Dreams are a mix of images, thoughts, and feelings experienced during sleep. They can be clear, happy, or confusing, and may evoke various emotions like joy or fear. Scientific Interest: Philosophers and scientists have long studied dreams, but their exact purpose remains unclear. Some theories suggest dreams reveal hidden desires, while others believe they help the brain process emotions or generate new ideas. Personal and Subjective Nature: Dreams are personal and vary based on individual experiences and emotions. Some people also experience dreams while awake, making it hard to define when dreams begin or end. Types of Dreams: Daydreams: Imagining things during the day, such as future goals or vacations. Nightmares: Bad dreams that evoke fear or sadness. Pleasant dreams: Can inspire or offer solutions to problems. Importance of Dreams: Dreams help us understand ourselves better and can be a source of inspiration. Many famous creators, like writers and artists, have credited dreams with inspiring their work. Conclusion: Dreams are an important part of life, offering insights into our thoughts and emotions. Though their purpose remains a mystery, they play a significant role in shaping how we think and feel. Vocabulary: 100 key vocabulary words from the text, with their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Word/Phrase English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Activate To make something start or work সক্রিয় করা सक्रिय करना Analysis Detailed examination of something বিশ্লেষণ विश्लेषण Ancient Very old, especially from a long time ago প্রাচীন प्राचीन Awake Not sleeping জাগ্রত जागृत Awareness Knowledge or perception of a situation সচেতনতা जागरूकता Balance A state of being equal in weight or amount ভারসাম্য संतुलन Benefits Positive results or effects সুবিধা लाभ Bizarre Strange or unusual অদ্ভুত अजीब Brain The organ inside the head that controls thoughts মস্তিষ্ক मस्तिष्क Captivated Attracted or fascinated by something মুগ্ধ मोहित Challenging Difficult or requiring great effort চ্যালেঞ্জিং चुनौतीपूर्ण Clear Easy to understand or perceive স্পষ্ট स्पष्ट Comfortable Providing physical ease or relaxation আরামদায়ক आरामदायक Confusing Difficult to understand or explain বিভ্রান্তিকর भ्रमित Create To make or bring something into existence তৈরি করা बनाना Curious Eager to learn or know something কৌতূহলী जिज्ञासु Desires Strong feelings of wanting something ইচ্ছা इच्छाएँ Difficult Not easy or hard to do কঠিন कठिन Dream Thoughts, images, or feelings that occur during sleep স্বপ্ন सपना Emotions Strong feelings such as joy, sadness, or fear অনুভূতি भावनाएँ Experience Knowledge or skill gained by doing something অভিজ্ঞতা अनुभव Explanations Statements that make something clear or easy to understand ব্যাখ্যা व्याख्याएँ Fascinating Extremely interesting or captivating মনোমুগ্ধকর आकर्षक Fear A feeling of anxiety caused by the possibility of danger ভয় डर Fulfill To complete or achieve something পূর্ণ করা पूरा करना Fuzzy Not clear or distinct অস্পষ্ট धुंधला Goal An aim or desired result লক্ষ্য लक्ष्य Ideas Thoughts or suggestions about a topic or situation ধারণা विचार Imagination The ability to form new ideas or pictures in the mind কল্পনা कल्पना Inspiration A sudden brilliant or creative idea অনুপ্রেরণা प्रेरणा Intense Very strong or extreme তীব্র तीव्र Interest A feeling of wanting to know or learn about something আগ্রহ रुचि Journey The act of traveling from one place to another যাত্রা यात्रा Mental Related to the mind or the process of thinking মানসিক मानसिक Mystery Something that is difficult or impossible to understand রহস্য रहस्य New Recently made, created, or discovered নতুন नया Nightmare A frightening or unpleasant dream দুঃস্বপ্ন बुरा सपना Observations The action of noticing or perceiving something পর্যবেক্ষণ अवलोकन Passion A very strong feeling or interest in something আবেগ जुनून Personal Relating to an individual person ব্যক্তিগত व्यक्तिगत Pleasing Giving satisfaction or enjoyment সন্তোষজনক प्रसन्नतादायक Problem A situation that causes difficulty or confusion সমস্যা समस्या Psychological Related to the mind and emotions মানসিক मानसिक Purpose The reason for which something is done উদ্দেশ্য उद्देश्य Repress To hold back or restrain emotions or desires দমন করা दबाना Research The process of studying or investigating something গবেষণা अनुसंधान Resolve To find a solution to a problem সমাধান করা समाधान करना Signals Signs or indications of something সঙ্কেত संकेत Sleep The state of rest where the body and mind recover ঘুম नींद Solutions Answers to problems or challenges সমাধান समाधान Strange Unusual or difficult to understand অদ্ভুত अजीब Thoughts Ideas or opinions formed in the mind চিন্তা विचार Unclear Not easy to understand or see অস্পষ্ট अस्पष्ट Understand To grasp the meaning or significance of something বোঝা समझना Waking The act of being awake, not sleeping জেগে থাকা जागना Wide Having a great extent from side to side প্রশস্ত चौड़ा Wish A desire or hope for something ইচ্ছা इच्छा Wonderful Extremely good or amazing দারুণ अद्भुत Worry A feeling of anxiety or concern about something চিন্তা चिंता Yellow A color of the rainbow, often associated with happiness হলুদ पीला

Rearranging Sentences: Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. I. Dreams have attracted the attention of philosophers and researchers for hundreds and thousands of years. II. Some researchers believe that we dream for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being, while others think that dreams serve no real purpose. III. A dream is a series of images, events, and feelings that usually happen in our mind while we are asleep. IV. Dreams refresh our minds and work as a form of psychotherapy. V. Again, some of them believe dreams are not meaningless; rather, during dreams, the cognitive elements in our brains produce new thoughts and ideas. VI. It is also a topic of pragmatic and scientific research nowadays. VII. They help a dreamer make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment. ________________________________________ Correct Sequence: III → I → VI → II → V → IV → VII ________________________________________ Story in Correct Sequence: A dream is a series of images, events, and feelings that usually happen in our mind while we are asleep. Dreams have attracted the attention of philosophers and researchers for hundreds and thousands of years. It is also a topic of pragmatic and scientific research nowadays. Some researchers believe that we dream for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being, while others think that dreams serve no real purpose. Again, some of them believe dreams are not meaningless; rather, during dreams, the cognitive elements in our brains produce new thoughts and ideas. Dreams refresh our minds and work as a form of psychotherapy. They help a dreamer make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment. একটি স্বপ্ন হল চিত্র, ঘটনা এবং অনুভূতিগুলির একটি সিরিজ যা সাধারণত আমাদের মনে হয় যখন আমরা ঘুমিয়ে থাকি। স্বপ্ন শত শত এবং হাজার হাজার বছর ধরে দার্শনিক এবং গবেষকদের দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করেছে। এটি আজকাল বাস্তববাদী এবং বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণার একটি বিষয়ও বটে। কিছু গবেষক বিশ্বাস করেন যে আমরা আমাদের মানসিক, মানসিক এবং শারীরিক সুস্থতার জন্য স্বপ্ন দেখি, অন্যরা মনে করে যে স্বপ্ন কোনো বাস্তব উদ্দেশ্য পূরণ করে না। আবার, তাদের মধ্যে কেউ কেউ বিশ্বাস করে যে স্বপ্ন অর্থহীন নয়; বরং, স্বপ্নের সময়, আমাদের মস্তিষ্কের জ্ঞানীয় উপাদানগুলি নতুন চিন্তাভাবনা এবং ধারণা তৈরি করে। স্বপ্ন আমাদের মনকে সতেজ করে এবং সাইকোথেরাপির একটি ফর্ম হিসাবে কাজ করে। তারা একটি স্বপ্নদ্রষ্টাকে নিরাপদ পরিবেশে বিভিন্ন চিন্তাভাবনা এবং আবেগের মধ্যে সংযোগ করতে সহায়তা করে। Ad Ad Completing Story:               The Crow and The Fox                   Once there was a foolish crow. One day it was flying over a meat shop. When the shopkeeper looked behind, it stole a piece of meat. The shopkeeper did not see the crow stealing the piece of meat from his shop. The crow flew to a distant tree and sat on a branch of the tree. It thought that it was the safe place for taking taste of it. It sat and took rest for some time.  Under the tree a sly fox was passing under the tree. As soon as he saw the crow with the meat in her beak, he felt greedy to have it.                  The fox was greedy and clever also. He wanted to have the meat. He thought for some time and hit upon a plan how to snatch away the meat from the crow. As the fox was sitting on a high bunch of a tree, the fox could not touch the meat. So he went in a tricky way. He began to praise the crow. He asked the crow to sing a song with its melodious voice, “ Oh beautiful Crow! Your complexion is so fair. I think you can sing nicely. Would you please sing a song for me?”               The foolish crow at first did not want to sing but the sly fox said, “if you start your singing most of the animals of the forest will come to hear and you will be famous. “Hearing it the foolish crow felt proud and started singing. When he opened his mouth the piece of meat felt down. The sly fox took it and went away. The foolish crow could not do anything. The Crow, embarrassed and confused, Swore, though somewhat later, that he would never be tricked thus again.   The Foolish Crow and the Clever Fox There was a crow on a tree with a piece of meat in its beak: A hungry fox sat under the tree. As soon as he saw the crow with the meat in her beak, he felt greedy to have it. The jackal was very  clever. He hit upon a plan to have it. He said to the crow, "Oh beautiful Crow! Your complexion is so fair. I think you can sing nicely. Would you please sing .a song for me?" At first the crow did not want to sing. But as the fox carried on praising her, she felt proud of her tongue. Finally she started to sing a song. But no sooner had she opened her mouth than the piece of meat fell off from her mouth The sly fox took it and ran away.         Complete the following story following the cue Once a crow stole a piece of meat from a farmer's child and flew to a tall tree. A fox was going under that tree. He saw the piece of............................... Ans.                            Don't Believe a FlattererOr, The Fox and the Crow Once a crow stole a piece of meat from a farmer's child and flew to a tall tree. A fox was going under that tree. He saw the piece of meat in the beak of the crow. He was very tempted. He thought of having the piece of meat. So he started flattering the crow. "Hi, Mr. Crow", said the fox. "It is known to everybody that you have a sweet tone. Will you please sing a song for me? If you sing a sweet song, all the animals around the area will gather here and praise you highly and you will be famous in this area." The crow felt very flattered and agreed to sing. When he opened his mouth. the piece of meat fell to the ground. The fox took it up and ran away the place. Then the crow realised his foolishness and decided not to believe a flatterer again. In our society there are some flatterers like the fox. They always try to deceive us by flattering like a fox. We must be alert of them. The life of a flatterer is like a beast because none honours and loves him. He lives in unhonoured and dies in unhonoured. The Fox and the Crow One bright morning as the Fox was following his sharp nose through the wood in search of a bite to eat, he saw a Crow on the limb of a tree overhead. This was by no means the first Crow the Fox had ever seen. What caught his attention this time and made him stop for a second look, was that the lucky Crow held a bit of cheese in her beak. "No need to search any farther," thought sly Master Fox. "Here is a dainty bite for my breakfast." Up he trotted to the foot of the tree in which the Crow was sitting, and looking up admiringly, he cried, "Good-morning, beautiful creature!" The Crow, her head cocked on one side, watched the Fox suspiciously. But she kept her beak tightly closed on the cheese and did not return his greeting. "What a charming creature she is!" said the Fox. "How her feathers shine! What a beautiful form and what splendid wings! Such a wonderful Bird should have a very lovely voice, since everything else about her is so perfect. Could she sing just one song, I know I should hail her Queen of Birds." Listening to these flattering words, the Crow forgot all her suspicion, and also her breakfast. She wanted very much to be called Queen of Birds. So she opened her beak wide to utter her loudest caw, and down fell the cheese straight into the Fox's open mouth. "Thank you," said Master Fox sweetly, as he walked off. "Though it is cracked, you have a voice sure enough. But where are your wits?" A Sly Fox and a Foolish Crow Story Once, there was a crow living near a jungle. One day, the crow stole a piece of meat from a meat seller’s shop. It then quickly took off and went to sit on a branch of a tree with the meat in its beak. A clever fox, who was very hungry, saw the crow with the meat and wanted it for himself. He plan a idea to fool the crow. The fox said, how lovely the crow looked. But the crow stayed quiet. Then, the fox told the crow that it had a beautiful voice and asked to hear a song. Feeling proud and happy, the foolish crow opened its beak to sing. The moment it did, the piece of meat fell to the ground. The sly fox immediately grabbed the meat and ate it. After eating, the fox looked at the crow and said that it should never trust someone who only says nice things to fool it. The crow was left feeling sad, realizing its mistake. The Foolish Crow and the Clever Fox Completing Story Once upon a time, there was a crow living near a forest. The crow wasn’t very smart. In the same forest, there was a clever fox who often looked for food. One day, the crow found a piece of meat at a  butcher ’s shop. It quickly took the meat and flew to a tree branch to eat it. The fox saw the crow with the meat and felt hungry. He wanted to take the meat from the crow and thought of a plan. The fox began to praise the crow, saying that it looked beautiful. The crow felt happy hearing this, but stayed quiet. Then the fox said that the crow’s voice was very sweet and asked the crow to sing a song. The crow felt proud and wanted to show off its singing. As soon as it opened its beak to sing, the meat fell to the ground. The fox quickly grabbed the meat and ate it. After finishing the meat, the fox told the crow that it should not trust others who only say nice things. The crow felt sad and realized it had been fooled. A Sly Fox and a Foolish Crow: One day a crow stole a piece of meat        In a certain village, situated adjacent to a jungle, there lived a foolish crow. This simple-minded bird was known to steal food from time to time, and on one such occasion, it had managed to get hold of a succulent piece of meat from a local butcher’s shop. After flying away with its prized possession, the crow perched on a tree branch to relish its meal. However, unbeknownst to the bird, a sly fox had been watching its every move from beneath the tree.   Knowing the crow's weaknesses, the fox hatched a cunning plan to get its paws on the meat. First, he began to flatter the crow by complimenting its appearance and musical talent, hoping to appeal to the bird's vanity. When the crow remained silent, the fox persisted and requested it to sing a song. The foolish crow, feeling proud, began to sing loudly, only to have the meat fall from its beak to the ground below. The fox immediately seized the opportunity and snatched the meat from the ground.   Having successfully tricked the naive crow, the fox gave it a valuable lesson in life, “My dear friend, you should never be swayed by flattery, as it can lead you to your downfall.” The foolish crow, realizing its mistake, flew away with a heavy heart, having learned that one should always be wary of false praise. The Crow and The Fox                   Once there was a foolish crow. One day it was flying over a meat shop. When the shopkeeper looked behind, it stole a piece of meat. The shopkeeper did not see the crow stealing the piece of meat from his shop. The crow flew to a distant tree and sat on a branch of the tree. It thought that it was the safe place for taking taste of it. It sat and took rest for some time.  Under the tree a sly fox was passing under the tree. As soon as he saw the crow with the meat in her beak, he felt greedy to have it.                  The fox was greedy and clever also. He wanted to have the meat. He thought for some time and hit upon a plan how to snatch away the meat from the crow. As the fox was sitting on a high bunch of a tree, the fox could not touch the meat. So he went in a tricky way. He began to praise the crow. He asked the crow to sing a song with its melodious voice, “ Oh beautiful Crow! Your complexion is so fair. I think you can sing nicely. Would you please sing a song for me?”               The foolish crow at first did not want to sing but the sly fox said, “if you start your singing most of the animals of the forest will come to hear and you will be famous. “Hearing it the foolish crow felt proud and started singing. When he opened his mouth the piece of meat felt down. The sly fox took it and went away. The foolish crow could not do anything. The Crow, embarrassed and confused, Swore, though somewhat later, that he would never be tricked thus again.   The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it -in your own words. Once a crow was sitting on the branch of a tree. It had a piece of meat in its beak. Suddenly a fox came there        JB'l7; BB '19 Ans.       A cunning Fox and a Foolish Crow Once a crow was sitting on the branch of a tree. It had a piece of meat in its beak. Suddenly a fox came there and stopped under the tree. He sniffed something good to eat. Looking about, lie saw the meat in the crow's mouth. He felt an over whelming desire to have the piece of meat. How could he get the meat? He could not climb the tree. What good would it do if he could? The crow would fly away when she saw him coming. He could not coax the crow to come down to the ground. Because the crow knew what a fox likes to eat. At last the fox had a crafty thought. He said to himself, "A crow is one of the proudest birds I ever know. I will flatter her and she will forget about the meat." So he called out in his sweetest voice, "Good day, my pretty bird". But the crow did not reply. She only stepped about proudly on the branch. 1 wish I had such a beautiful appearance as you have," said the fox. Still no answer, but the crow held up her head and turned it- first to one side and then to the other, showing that she was pleased. I '"What a graceful neck and bright eye!" said the fox. "The other birds may well be jealous of you." No answer yet. She only raised her wings a little and gazed down upon the fox. I "If your voice were only as beautiful as your appearance and your dress, you would be the queen of all the birds; but it seems that you cannot talk at all. What a pity that you are dumb!" The crow gave a loud "cawl" As she did so, the meat fell from her mouth. The fox snapped it quickly and went away. The poor crow at last understood that the fox was only fooling her but it was too late. Bangla Meaning একদিন, একটি কাক জঙ্গলের ধারে বাস করতো। কাকটি খুব বুদ্ধিমান ছিল না। সেই একই জঙ্গলে একটি চালাক শিয়াল থাকতো, যে প্রায়ই খাবারের খোঁজে বের হতো। একদিন, কাকটি কসাইয়ের দোকান থেকে এক টুকরো মাংস চুরি করে নিল। মাংসটি নিয়ে সে দ্রুত উড়ে গিয়ে একটি গাছের ডালে বসলো। কাকের মুখে মাংস দেখেই শিয়ালটির খুব ক্ষুধা লাগলো। সে ভাবলো, কীভাবে কাকের কাছ থেকে মাংসটা নেওয়া যায়। শিয়ালটি কাকের দিকে তাকিয়ে কাকের প্রশংসা করতে লাগলো। সে বললো, কাকটিকে আজ অনেক সুন্দর লাগছে। কাকটি প্রশংসা শুনে খুশি হলো, কিন্তু চুপচাপ বসে রইলো। শিয়াল তখন বললো, কাকের গলা নাকি খুব মিষ্টি, আর যদি একটু গান গেয়ে শোনায়, তাহলে সে খুব খুশি হবে । কাকটি গর্বিত হয়ে গান গাওয়ার জন্য মুখ খুললো। কিন্তু, মুখ খুলতেই মাংসটা নিচে পড়ে গেল। শিয়ালটি তৎক্ষণাৎ মাংসটা তুলে নিয়ে খেয়ে ফেললো। মাংস খেয়ে শেষ করার পর, শিয়াল কাককে বললো যে শুধু প্রশংসা শুনে কাউকে বিশ্বাস করা উচিত নয়। কাকটি খুবই লজ্জিত হলো এবং বুঝলো যে সে ভুল করেছে। Ad Ad

Q1: How often do you remember your dreams? A1: I have a knack for vivid dreams, and more often than not, I wake up with distinct recollections of the scenarios that unfolded during the night. It's almost a nightly occurrence for me. Q2: Do you think dreams have any significance or meaning? A2: While some argue that dreams are merely a byproduct of our subconscious mind, others believe they hold deeper meanings. Personally, I think dreams can offer insights into our emotions and unresolved thoughts. Q3: Have you ever had a recurring dream? A3: Indeed, I've experienced recurring dreams, particularly during stressful periods. It's fascinating how certain themes persist, almost like a subconscious attempt to grapple with unresolved issues. Q4: Do you believe dreams can predict the future? A4: I'm skeptical about dreams being prophetic. While they might tap into our fears or desires, attributing predictive qualities to them seems more coincidental than factual. Q5: How do you feel after having a nightmare? A5: Nightmares can leave me feeling quite unsettled, often lingering in my thoughts even after waking up. It takes a while to shake off the residual unease. Q6: Do you ever daydream? A6: Occasionally, I find myself daydreaming, especially during mundane tasks. It's a pleasant mental escape, allowing me to momentarily delve into a world of imagination and creativity. Q7: What’s the most interesting dream you can remember? A7: One particularly intriguing dream involved a surreal journey through an enchanted forest. The vibrant colors and mythical creatures made it an incredibly captivating experience. Q8: Do you think dreams are influenced by real-life experiences? A8: Absolutely. Dreams often draw inspiration from our daily lives, incorporating elements of our experiences, emotions, and the people we interact with. They're like a subconscious collage of our reality. Q9: Have you ever had a lucid dream? A9: Yes, I've had a few instances of lucid dreaming, where I became aware that I was dreaming. It's a fascinating phenomenon that allows some level of control within the dream world. Q10: How do you feel when you wake up from a good dream? A10: Waking up from a good dream is a delightful experience. There's a lingering sense of happiness and sometimes a bit of disappointment that it was just a dream. Q11: Can dreams affect your mood during the day? A11: Absolutely. The emotional residue from dreams can impact my mood during the day. A pleasant dream may uplift my spirits, while a disturbing one might cast a shadow on my demeanor. Q12: Do you discuss your dreams with others? Why or why not? A12: Occasionally, I share intriguing or amusing dreams with friends. It can be a fun conversation starter, and sometimes, others may provide interesting interpretations. Q13: Do cultural or societal factors influence the content of dreams? A13: Certainly. Cultural and societal influences can manifest in dream content. Symbols, scenarios, and themes often reflect the cultural backdrop in which an individual is immersed. Q14: Can dreams inspire creativity? A14: Absolutely. Many creative minds attribute their inspirations to dreams. The surreal and unbounded nature of dreams can spark innovative ideas that may not surface during waking hours. Q15: If you could control your dreams, what would you dream about? A15: If I had the ability to control my dreams, I would embark on fantastical adventures, exploring uncharted landscapes and meeting intriguing characters. It would be a personalized odyssey of creativity and exploration.

Paragraph Writing                 Dowry System In Bangladesh, the tradition of giving and receiving property or money by the bridegroom during marriage, known as dowry, has become increasingly prevalent. However, merely enacting laws and regulations is not enough to eliminate this social curse. It requires a complete shift in societal mindset, which can be achieved with the active involvement of young men and women, political parties, and the government. The root cause of dowry is general inequality, and one effective solution is to improve the status of women in society. To achieve this, girls should be raised to be self-sufficient and aware of their rights. Often, the girl and her family may feel compelled to accept the oppression due to fear of a broken marriage, but they must seek legal assistance instead of enduring it for the sake of societal shame and honor. Even educated girls are expected to provide dowry, but those who are poor and uneducated have no option other than to accept this practice. In rural areas, the daughters of impoverished farmers are forced to work and earn money to pay dowry. Therefore, those advocating against dowry must consider these factors to combat it effectively. Model Answer-2 Advanced Dowry System The dowry system is a custom practiced in some societies where the bride or her family is expected to pay a sum of money or property to the groom or his family at the time of marriage The scourge of dowry has permeated every nook and cranny of our society, becoming a deeply entrenched social ill. This practice is a reprehensible violation of a woman's dignity and self-respect, making them the victims of an exploitative system. The bride's family bears the burden of arranging the money for the dowry, causing them to suffer socio-economic and cultural hardships. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors contribute to the persistence of this heinous system. In some societies, the giving and receiving of dowry is normalized and established as a social norm. In other cases, a groom's desire for financial security or the cultural expectation of providing a dowry to daughters serves as the rationale. However, Islamic law prohibits the taking and giving of dowry, and the Hindu law withdraws a woman's right to her paternal property upon marriage, which leads her to accept the practice. The dowry system causes the bride's family to face financial ruin and degrades women. A concerted effort is required to eradicate this practice, including social awareness campaigns to discourage it, and enacting laws to criminalize it. It is necessary for conscientious and respected individuals to take a firm stance against the dowry system and combat this evil practice. Model Answer-3 Dowry System In Bangladesh, the tradition of giving and receiving property or money by the bridegroom during marriage, known as dowry, has become increasingly prevalent. However, merely enacting laws and regulations is not enough to eliminate this social curse. It requires a complete shift in societal mindset, which can be achieved with the active involvement of young men and women, political parties, and the government. The root cause of dowry is general inequality, and one effective solution is to improve the status of women in society. To achieve this, girls should be raised to be self-sufficient and aware of their rights. Often, the girl and her family may feel compelled to accept the oppression due to fear of a broken marriage, but they must seek legal assistance instead of enduring it for the sake of societal shame and honor. Even educated girls are expected to provide dowry, but those who are poor and uneducated have no option other than to accept this practice. In rural areas, the daughters of impoverished farmers are forced to work and earn money to pay dowry. Therefore, those advocating against dowry must consider these factors to combat it effectively.   Advanced Dowry System The dowry system is a custom practiced in some societies where the bride or her family is expected to pay a sum of money or property to the groom or his family at the time of marriage The scourge of dowry has permeated every nook and cranny of our society, becoming a deeply entrenched social ill. This practice is a reprehensible violation of a woman's dignity and self-respect, making them the victims of an exploitative system. The bride's family bears the burden of arranging the money for the dowry, causing them to suffer socio-economic and cultural hardships. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors contribute to the persistence of this heinous system. In some societies, the giving and receiving of dowry is normalized and established as a social norm. In other cases, a groom's desire for financial security or the cultural expectation of providing a dowry to daughters serves as the rationale. However, Islamic law prohibits the taking and giving of dowry, and the Hindu law withdraws a woman's right to her paternal property upon marriage, which leads her to accept the practice. The dowry system causes the bride's family to face financial ruin and degrades women. A concerted effort is required to eradicate this practice, including social awareness campaigns to discourage it, and enacting laws to criminalize it. It is necessary for conscientious and respected individuals to take a firm stance against the dowry system and combat this evil practice. DOWRY SYSTEM ​ Dowry is a social curse that has centered into every comer of our country. Dowry system refers to the system or custom in some societies in which a wife or her family must pay money or property or the both to her husband when they get married. The money or the property given is known as dowry. This abominable system is very disgraceful for any woman of self-respect. Women are the victims of his heinous system. The whole family of the bride is to suffer because the parents or brothers of the bride are to arrange the money to give the bridegroom or to his family. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors are responsible for this detestable system. In some societies it is established as a social norm and they have accepted it normally. A poor husband wants to get a sum of money from his in-laws to start a business or to spend. In some societies it has been a culture to give and take dowry. But Islam does not support taking or giving dowry. The Hindu law withdraws the right of a woman's paternal property when she gets married. For this reason she along with her husband does not hesitate to take dowry. Due to this system the father's family of a bride often gets bankrupt. Dowry system also demeans women. A social awareness against dowry system is a must to stop this evil practice. The conscious and respected people should come forward to stop it. We should even adopt a law against this system. The Curse of Dowry ​ Dowry is the most inhuman and alarming custom in our society. It is a social curse . But this evil social custom was more severe in the early age. A wife or her family is forced to pay money or jewellery or furniture to her husband when they get married. The money or property given is known as dowry. A poor family in our society having a maiden (unmarried girl) faces a severe problem owing to this evil custom. The poor parents can't arrange a marriage ceremony of their unmarried daughters due to dowry. Today this heinous custom is very common in our society. The poor and the illiterate girls are the worst victims of this vicious and heinous custom. Almost everyday the grim picture of this brutal sight is seen on TV screen or in newspapers. Gender discrimination is the root cause of it. Illiteracy and ignorance is another root cause of dowry. Extreme poverty and social unawareness are also great causes of this evil custom. Social superstition is another reason of it. The poor parents have to suffer much to meet up the illegal demand. This evil practice harms the dignity of the women society. It hampers severely peace and order in the society. It commits various crimes and sinful acts in the society. Owing to dowry system many parents have already become helpless and landless. In order to get rid of this evil custom social awareness must be raised. Illiteracy, ignorance and social superstition must be removed from the society. True female education should be ensured and new and strict law must be enacted and enforced against this brute custom. Composition / Essay Writing Dowry System The dowry system is a harmful practice that plagues our society. It refers to the tradition, prevalent in certain communities, where the bride or her family is required to provide money or property, or both, to the groom upon marriage. This payment is known as dowry and is a source of great shame for any woman with self-respect. Women bear the brunt of this deplorable system, as their families often struggle to meet the demands of the groom's family. Socio-economic, cultural, and religious factors contribute to the perpetuation of this detestable practice. In some communities, dowry has become ingrained as a social norm, accepted without question. In many cases, financial motives drive the demand for dowry. A groom, often from a disadvantaged background, seeks monetary assistance from the bride's family to start a business or fulfill other needs. Additionally, cultural traditions and legal frameworks, such as those found in Hindu law, can incentivize the exchange of dowry. However, it's crucial to note that neither Islam nor certain legal traditions endorse the practice of dowry. In fact, Islam explicitly prohibits it, and in some cases, legal provisions are made to safeguard women's property rights. The consequences of the dowry system are severe, not only financially but also in terms of demeaning women and perpetuating gender inequality. Families of brides often face financial ruin due to exorbitant dowry demands, further exacerbating the cycle of poverty. To combat this deeply entrenched social evil, concerted efforts are needed. It requires raising awareness among the populace and mobilizing influential individuals to speak out against the dowry system. Additionally, strict enforcement of laws prohibiting dowry transactions is essential to curtail this harmful practice. In conclusion, the dowry system is a blight on our society that undermines the dignity of women and perpetuates inequality. Only through collective action, driven by social awareness and legal reforms, can we eradicate this scourge and ensure a more equitable and just society for all. Bangla Translation: যৌতুক প্রথা যৌতুক প্রথা হল এমন একটি প্রথা যেখানে বিয়ের সময় কনে বা তার পরিবারকে বর বা তার পরিবারকে কিছু টাকা বা সম্পত্তি দিতে হয়। যৌতুকের অভিশাপ আমাদের সমাজের প্রতিটি কোণায় ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, যা একটি গভীর সামাজিক ব্যাধিতে পরিণত হয়েছে। এই প্রথা একজন নারীর মর্যাদা এবং আত্মসম্মানের একটি নিন্দনীয় লঙ্ঘন, যা তাদেরকে একটি শোষণমূলক ব্যবস্থার শিকার করে তোলে। কনের পরিবার যৌতুকের জন্য অর্থের ব্যবস্থা করার ভার বহন করে, যার ফলে তারা আর্থ-সামাজিক এবং সাংস্কৃতিক কষ্ট ভোগ করে। এই জঘন্য ব্যবস্থা টিকে থাকার জন্য সামাজিক-অর্থনৈতিক, সাংস্কৃতিক এবং ধর্মীয় কারণগুলি অবদান রাখে। কিছু সমাজে, যৌতুক দেওয়া এবং নেওয়া স্বাভাবিক এবং একটি সামাজিক রীতি হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়।  অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে, বরের আর্থিক নিরাপত্তার আকাঙ্ক্ষা বা কন্যাদের যৌতুক দেওয়ার সাংস্কৃতিক প্রত্যাশা যুক্তি হিসেবে কাজ করে।  তবে, ইসলামী আইন যৌতুক নেওয়া এবং দেওয়া নিষিদ্ধ করে এবং হিন্দু আইন বিবাহের সময় একজন নারীর পৈতৃক সম্পত্তির অধিকার প্রত্যাহার করে, যা তাকে এই প্রথা গ্রহণ করতে বাধ্য করে। যৌতুক প্রথা কনের পরিবারকে আর্থিকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত করে এবং নারীদের অবমাননা করে। এই প্রথা নির্মূল করার জন্য সমন্বিত প্রচেষ্টা প্রয়োজন, যার মধ্যে রয়েছে এটিকে নিরুৎসাহিত করার জন্য সামাজিক সচেতনতামূলক প্রচারণা এবং এটিকে অপরাধ হিসেবে গণ্য করার জন্য আইন প্রণয়ন করা। বিবেকবান এবং সম্মানিত ব্যক্তিদের যৌতুক প্রথার বিরুদ্ধে দৃঢ় অবস্থান নেওয়া এবং এই কুপ্রথার বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করা প্রয়োজন। Ad Ad

Composition / Essay Writing DIGNITY OF LABOUR The dignity of labor is the belief that all kinds of work, no matter how simple or difficult, should be respected and valued equally. Every job, whether it is in the field of education, healthcare, or manual work, plays an important role in society. In every community, people depend on different types of labor to live comfortably. The work done by everyone helps build the economy, develop industries, and create a better living environment. Sadly, in some societies, certain jobs are considered more important or prestigious than others. For example, people may think that white-collar jobs, such as working in offices, are better than blue-collar jobs, such as cleaning or farming. However, the dignity of labor teaches us that every job is valuable. Farmers grow the food that feeds us, construction workers build homes and roads, and cleaners keep our surroundings clean and safe. Without these workers, life would be very difficult, and society would not function properly. The dignity of labor also encourages people to take pride in their work. No job is too small or unimportant. When people respect all types of work, they create a more fair and respectful society. It also helps people feel good about the job they are doing, whether it is big or small. Many successful people started by doing simple jobs, and their hard work has contributed to the progress of society. In Bangladesh, there is a need to change how people think about different types of work. Everyone should learn to appreciate all kinds of labor, as every job is needed for the community to grow. It is important to recognize that every person’s work, no matter what they do, makes a difference. By respecting the dignity of labor, we can create a more equal and just society, where all workers are valued and their contributions are acknowledged. DIGNITY OF LABOUR There is a good saying, "Life is short, but art is long." We are surrounded by work and we have to cross a long path full of our duties and work. The sun, the moon, the stars and the constellation are moving on and on. Similarly every living being from small insect to the large elephant is working for the existence and growth. We take lessons from nature, nature is not still. Man is moving with passage of time to the endless journey. We all know that industry is the mother of good luck. God has given us hands to work with. The great souls of the world used to do their work with their hands. We have our needs, hunger and dreams for prospect. We have to earn money to meet the cost of our daily necessaries. Labour occupies our work ranging from the space to the deep sea. Without labour, we would not have food, clothes and shelter. But a man should undergo labour honestly and do his work faithfully. Samuel Smiles says, "It is not a disgrace to be a shoemaker. But it is certainly a great disgrace to make bad shoes." So if we exert labour, we may get confidence in return. In our national life importance of labour is undeniable. An idle nation can never prosper. The world is colourful and labour is essential to ensure success in every sphere of life. From top to bottom, lower class to higher class, all people should do labour for the overall development -of the nation. The greatest friends of men are his ten fingers. He is embellished with honour and fame by virtue of his work. If we realise the importance of labour in our human life, we will have a readier appreciation of the dignity of labour. Without labour nothing is brought to life. It is truly written in an ancient Jewish book, "Every carpenter and work master that laboureth night and day; the smith also by the anvil; the potter sitting at his work; all these trust to his hand, and everyone is wise in his work. Without these a city cannot be inhabited." In fine, it is said that honest work of all kinds is dignified and worthy of respect. Even an employee of humble profession ought to be respected instead of being regarded with contempt. The only things we should be ashamed of are idleness and trying to live by without labour. There is a saying that, "Work is worship and to work is to pray." We should always remember that an honest workman stands high in honour : "His brow is wet with honest sweat, He earns whatever he can; And looks the whole world in the face, For he owes not any man." Dignity of Labour There are two kinds of labour - manual and intellectual. Each of them has dignity of its own and none is inferior to the other. The work of a clerk, a teacher, a professor, a lawyer, a doctor does require much mental labour. On the contrary, the work of a labourer, a miner, an artisan requires physical labour. When we that the work of the cultivators, miners, artisans etc. is as ected as the work of the clerk, the teacher, the lawyer and the tor, we mean there is dignity of labour. There is a great importance of manual labour in human life. We grow crops, build houses and factories, construct roads and streets by manual labour. Manual labour is also necessary in the fields, es, mills and ships. If the sweepers, the porters, the carpenters, the blacksmith and the peasants did not perform their duties, whole of mankind could not have enjoyed the present result of civilization. It gives us good physical exercise and so keeps our y fit and strong. It helps the continuation of our existence in this rid. We cannot live without food, drink, clothes and houses. But they are gifts of manual labour. So manual labour is more essential than the intellectual. In our country, people usually do not respect manual labour. They think that manual labour lowers down their position in the society. So they hate manual labour. A man with a little bit of education does not even wash his own clothes because of his vanity. But this picture is quite different in the developed countries of the world. For instance, Tolstoy came of a very rich family. He himself did manual work like other peasant. Great men of the world believe that manual labour can never lower down the prestige of a man. At present the outlook of our countrymen has not yet completely changed. But we should understand that manual labour makes a man great and dignified. An ordinary labourer without education is better than an educated idle man. So, we should feel that there is dignity of labour in every sphere of life. Dignity of Labour The phrase "dignity of labour" means that all kinds of work, whether physical or mental, are equally respectable. It teaches us that no job should be considered inferior or shameful as long as it is honest and benefits society. Unfortunately, many people look down on certain types of work, such as farming, cleaning, or manual labor, considering them low-class. This mindset is wrong and harmful because every form of work has value. History and religion often emphasize the importance of respecting labor. Great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Abraham Lincoln highlighted the dignity of all types of work. Gandhi himself cleaned toilets to show that no task is below a person’s dignity. Similarly, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Jesus Christ performed simple, humble tasks during their lives, teaching their followers to respect work and workers. A society cannot function without the contributions of all workers. Farmers grow our food, factory workers produce goods, and cleaners keep our surroundings hygienic. If these workers are disrespected, society as a whole will suffer. At the same time, educated individuals who work in offices or laboratories also contribute to progress. This proves that all types of work are interconnected and necessary. In developed countries, people respect all professions equally, which is one reason for their success. On the other hand, in many places, manual laborers are looked down upon, creating inequality and unhappiness. To build a fair and prosperous society, this attitude must change. In conclusion, dignity of labour teaches us to value work and workers, no matter what their job is. When we respect all forms of labor, we not only create a just society but also encourage hard work and unity. Let us remember that every job, no matter how big or small, plays a role in shaping a better world. Translation: শ্রমের মর্যাদা শ্রমের মর্যাদা হল এই বিশ্বাস যে সকল ধরনের কাজ, তা যতই সাধারণ বা কঠিন হোক না কেন, সমানভাবে শ্রদ্ধেয় এবং মূল্যবান হওয়া উচিত। প্রতিটি কাজ, হোক তা শিক্ষা, স্বাস্থ্যসেবা, বা শারীরিক শ্রমের ক্ষেত্রে, সমাজে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। প্রতিটি সম্প্রদায় নানা ধরনের শ্রমের ওপর নির্ভরশীল, যাতে তারা স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যে জীবনযাপন করতে পারে। সবাই যে কাজটি করে, তা অর্থনীতি গঠনে, শিল্পের উন্নয়নে এবং একটি ভালো জীবনযাত্রার পরিবেশ সৃষ্টিতে সহায়ক হয়। দুঃখজনকভাবে, কিছু সমাজে কিছু কাজ অন্য কাজের তুলনায় বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বা মর্যাদাপূর্ণ বলে মনে করা হয়। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, মানুষ মনে করে যে অফিসের কাজ, বা সাদা কলার কাজ, ব্লু কলার কাজের চেয়ে ভালো—যেমন পরিচ্ছন্নতা কর্মী বা চাষী। তবে শ্রমের মর্যাদা আমাদের শেখায় যে, প্রতিটি কাজ মূল্যবান। কৃষকরা আমাদের খাওয়ার জন্য খাদ্য উৎপন্ন করেন, নির্মাণকর্মীরা বাড়ি এবং রাস্তা নির্মাণ করেন, এবং পরিচ্ছন্নতা কর্মীরা আমাদের চারপাশ পরিষ্কার এবং নিরাপদ রাখেন। এই শ্রমিকদের ছাড়া জীবন অনেক কঠিন হবে, এবং সমাজ সঠিকভাবে কাজ করতে পারবে না। শ্রমের মর্যাদা মানুষকে তাদের কাজের প্রতি গর্বিত হতে উৎসাহিত করে। কোন কাজই খুব ছোট বা অগুরুত্বপূর্ণ নয়। যখন মানুষ সব ধরনের কাজকে শ্রদ্ধা করে, তখন তারা একটি ন্যায্য এবং সম্মানজনক সমাজ তৈরি করে। এটি মানুষের মনে ভালো অনুভূতি জাগায়, তাদের কাজ যে কোনো আকারের হোক না কেন। অনেক সফল মানুষ খুব সাধারণ কাজ দিয়ে শুরু করেছেন, এবং তাদের কঠোর পরিশ্রম সমাজের উন্নতির জন্য সহায়ক হয়েছে। বাংলাদেশে, বিভিন্ন ধরনের কাজের প্রতি মানুষের ধারণা বদলানোর প্রয়োজন রয়েছে। সবাইকে সব ধরনের শ্রমের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধাশীল হতে শিখতে হবে, কারণ প্রতিটি কাজই সম্প্রদায়ের বিকাশের জন্য প্রয়োজন। এটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ যে, প্রতিটি মানুষের কাজ—যা তারা করে—তাতে প্রভাব ফেলে। শ্রমের মর্যাদা শ্রদ্ধা করে, আমরা একটি সমান ও ন্যায়পরায়ণ সমাজ সৃষ্টি করতে পারি, যেখানে সব শ্রমিকদের মূল্য দেওয়া হয় এবং তাদের অবদানকে সম্মানিত করা হয়। Vocabulary: 100 vocabulary words, along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings related to the content of "Dignity of Labour": English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Labour শ্রম (Shrom) श्रम (Shram) Dignity মর্যাদা (Môrjada) प्रतिष्ठा (Pratishtha) Intellectual বুদ্ধিবৃত্তিক (Buddhibrittik) बौद्धिक (Bauddhik) Manual শারীরিক (Sharirik) शारीरिक (Sharirik) Physical শারীরিক (Sharirik) शारीरिक (Sharirik) Work কাজ (Kaj) काम (Kaam) Respect সম্মান (Shômmân) सम्मान (Samman) Honour সম্মান (Shômmân) सम्मान (Samman) Prestige মর্যাদা (Môrjada) प्रतिष्ठा (Pratishtha) Vanities অহংকার (Ôhongkar) घमंड (Ghamand) Humble বিনয়ী (Binoy) विनम्र (Vinamra) Equality সমতা (Shômôtâ) समानता (Samanata) Contribution অবদান (Obdân) योगदान (Yogdan) Class শ্রেণী (Shrêni) वर्ग (Varg) Importance গুরুত্ব (Gôroto) महत्व (Mahattva) Prosperity সমৃদ্ধি (Shômriddhi) समृद्धि (Samruddhi) Education শিক্ষা (Shikhā) शिक्षा (Shiksha) Civilization সভ্যতা (Shôbbhotâ) सभ्यता (Sabhyata) Honesty সততা (Shôtô) ईमानदारी (Imandari) Discipline শৃঙ্খলা (Shrôngkhôlâ) अनुशासन (Anushasan) Worker শ্রমিক (Shrômik) श्रमिक (Shramik) Job চাকরি (Chakri) नौकरी (Naukri) Hardwork কঠোর পরিশ্রম (Kôthôr Pôrisrom) कठिन परिश्रम (Kathin Parishram) Faithful বিশ্বস্ত (Bishwôsto) विश्वासपात्र (Vishwaspatra) Skill দক্ষতা (Dôkkhôtâ) कौशल (Kaushal) Success সাফল্য (Shôphôlô) सफलता (Safalta) Sweat ঘাম (Gham) पसीना (Paseena) Hardship কষ্ট (Kôshṭô) कठिनाई (Kathinai) Journey যাত্রা (Jatrâ) यात्रा (Yatra) Prosper সমৃদ্ধ (Shômriddho) समृद्ध (Samruddh) Dream স্বপ্ন (Shôpno) सपना (Sapna) Strength শক্তি (Shôkti) शक्ति (Shakti) Family পরিবার (Poribar) परिवार (Parivaar) Health স্বাস্থ্য (Shwasthô) स्वास्थ्य (Swasthya) Nation জাতি (Jâti) राष्ट्र (Rashtra) Development উন্নয়ন (Unnôyon) विकास (Vikas) Progress অগ্রগতি (Ôgrôgôti) प्रगति (Pragati) Environment পরিবেশ (Poribesh) पर्यावरण (Paryavaran) Society সমাজ (Shômâj) समाज (Samaj) Status অবস্থান (Obôshtân) स्थिति (Sthiti) Workmanship কারিগরি (Kârigôri) शिल्प (Shilp) Value মূল্য (Mulyo) मूल्य (Moolya) Integrity সততা (Shôtô) ईमानदारी (Imandari) Contribution অবদান (Obdân) योगदान (Yogdan) Craft শিল্প (Shilpo) कला (Kala) Loyalty আনুগত্য (Anugôtô) निष्ठा (Nishtha) Patience ধৈর্য (Dhoirjo) धैर्य (Dharya) Honourable মর্যাদাপূর্ণ (Môrjâdâpurnô) सम्मानजनक (Sammanjanak) Respectful শ্রদ্ধাশীল (Shrôddhâshil) सम्मानजनक (Sammanjanak) Fulfillment পূর্ণতা (Purnotâ) संतुष्टि (Santushti) Harmony সঙ্গতি (Shôngoti) सामंजस्य (Samanjasya) Unity ঐক্য (Ôikyô) एकता (Ekta) Inspiration প্রেরণা (Prêrônâ) प्रेरणा (Prerna) Skillful দক্ষ (Dôkkhô) निपुण (Nipun) Dedication উৎসর্গ (Utsôrgô) समर्पण (Samarpan) Humility নম্রতা (Nomrotâ) विनम्रता (Vinmrata) Glory গৌরব (Gôrob) महिमा (Mahima) Honour সম্মান (Shômmân) सम्मान (Samman) Effort প্রচেষ্টা (Prachêstha) प्रयास (Prayas) Knowledge জ্ঞান (Jñân) ज्ञान (Gyaan) Wisdom প্রজ্ঞা (Prôjñâ) बुद्धिमत्ता (Buddhimatta) Achieve অর্জন (Ôrjôn) प्राप्त (Prapt) Commitment প্রতিশ্রুতি (Prôtishruti) प्रतिबद्धता (Pratibaddhata) Grit সংকল্প (Shôngkôlpô) संकल्प (Sankalp) Service সেবা (Sêbâ) सेवा (Seva) Responsibility দায়িত্ব (Dâyitto) जिम्मेदारी (Zimmedari) Task কাজ (Kaj) कार्य (Karya) Success সাফল্য (Shôphôlô) सफलता (Safalta) Failure ব্যর্থতা (Bôrthôthâ) विफलता (Vifalta) Teamwork দলবদ্ধ কাজ (Dôlbôdho Kaj) टीमवर्क (Teamwork) Cooperation সহযোগিতা (Shôhôjôgita) सहयोग (Sahyog) Initiative উদ্যোগ (Udyôg) पहल (Pahal) Industry শিল্প (Shilpo) उद्योग (Udyog) Opportunity সুযোগ (Shuôgô) अवसर (Avasar) Innovation উদ্ভাবন (Udbhâbôn) नवाचार (Navachar) Leadership নেতৃত্ব (Nêtritwô) नेतृत्व (Netrutva) Job satisfaction কাজের সন্তুষ্টি (Kajer Shantushti) नौकरी संतुष्टि (Naukri Santushti) Progress অগ্রগতি (Ôgrôgôti) प्रगति (Pragati)

Paragraph Writing Digital Bangladesh ​ Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically. It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally. It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools students should get easy access to the computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era.                 Model Answer-2 Write a paragraph on "Digital Bangladesh" on the basis of the answers to the following questions in about 200 words. (a) What is Digital Bangladesh? (b) How can we achieve it? (c) What steps should be taken by the government to execute it? (d) How can students take part in it? (e) Is the idea too ambitious?        SB'19 Digital Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh is a forward-thinking vision introduced by the current government under the banner of 'Vision-2021'. It envisions a technologically advanced and prosperous nation where computers play a central role in daily life. In this digital landscape, all government services and activities will be conducted and monitored online, leveraging the power of the internet. From our everyday routines to business transactions, communication, education, and entertainment, every aspect of life will be seamlessly integrated into the digital realm. Achieving a digital Bangladesh necessitates widespread access to computers and the internet. Therefore, the government must prioritize the expansion of internet connectivity to every corner of the country, ensuring universal access. With the internet at their fingertips, individuals can easily access information and services from anywhere, reducing the need for physical presence. The widespread adoption of computers and the internet across various sectors, including healthcare, education, banking, administration, and transportation, will streamline processes and enhance efficiency. Furthermore, students can actively contribute to the realization of digital Bangladesh by engaging in online learning activities. Through computer-assisted teaching-learning software, students can participate in virtual classrooms, submit assignments electronically, take online tests, and access a wealth of information online. In today's age of rapid technological advancement, the concept of digital Bangladesh is not merely ambitious but essential for keeping pace with the modern world. Embracing digitalization is not just a lofty ambition; it is a pragmatic necessity for ensuring the nation's progress and prosperity in the digital age. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing DIGITAL BANGLADESH/ VISION 2021 Today the entire world is gradually becoming a Digital Planet. Almost every state is heading towards a knowledge-based society and Bangladesh cannot stay away from the advantages out of it. Though it is very easy to speak about such a dream, i.e. making a country digital, but at the same time it is very difficult to implement it. For implementation, it is basically the government who will take initiatives while the other political parties also need to play important role. “Digital Bangladesh” does not only mean the broad use of computers,perhaps it means the modern philosophy of effective and useful use of technology in terms of implementing the promises in education, health, job placement, poverty reduction etc. Therefore, the government underscores a changing attitude, positive thinking and innovative ideas for the success of “Digital Bangladesh”   The use of information and communication technology has been playing a vital role in the 21st century due to globalization and the government is encouraged to adapting with the coming future. The democratic government has declared the “Vision 2021” in the election manifesto which targets establishment of a resourceful and modern country by 2021 through effective use of information and communication technology-a "Digital Bangladesh". The philosophy of “Digital Bangladesh” comprises ensuring people’s democracy and rights, transparency, accountability, establishing justice and ensuring delivery of government services in each door through maximum use of technology-with the ultimate goal to improve the daily lifestyle of general people. Government’s “Digital Bangladesh” includes all classes of people and does not discriminate people in terms of technology. Hence,government have emphasized on the four elements of “Digital Bangladesh Vision” which are human resource development, people involvement, civil services and use of information technology in business. The golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladeshwould be observed in 2021. The country has already fixed its target of achieving 'Digital Bangladesh' by that time. It is a timely expectation for proper positioning the country among other hi-tech countries globally. A country goes digital means it will be an e-state means all its activities of governance, commerce, education, agriculture etc., will be powered by computer and internet. Today information communication technology (ICT) drives the technological and economic advancement of the developed as well as emerging economies. The goal of establishing such digital country would bring success in the ICT sector, which cannot be ignored in this 21st century. Heading towards that target will link every device such as cell phone, internet, computer, e-learning, e-governance etc.   Bangladesh as a country with 150 million population has huge potential, despite having many problems. It is very important to create skilled manpower educated in science and technology. Due to poverty and illiteracy, use of ICT is beyond imagination and some of them consider it nothing but mere a fashion. Despite having a lot of interest, most of the population remains out of the access of ICT because of high price. In the era of globalization, ICT is a cross-cutting issue as well as an essential tool for economic development. It can play an important role in creating employment, raising work skills and production. It can contain corruption and attain social development. The life and livelihood of a large number of populations, especially those living in rural areas, cannot be developed without utilizing the ICT scope for them. In this matter government must train the rural people. And at the same time they must have access to information technology. Digital Bangladesh 'Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on the line and where all possible activities of the government and other non-government or semi-government organizations will be performed using digital technology. Being digital Bangladesh will be an e-state. People will enjoy e-banking, e-governance and so on. People will no more have to stand in queue to collect tickets, results, be harassed while having services from various institutions. Telephone, Mobile, Website, Computer and all other tools of information technology will be available in every nook and corner of the country. People will no more have to stand queue to deposit or withdraw money to buy or sell things. They will be able to continue their respective activities without delay. Almost all the institutions both private and government will come under website system. The details of these institutions will be available on website.   The Computer Literacy Program is indeed a step towards a Digital Bangladesh. To spread web throughout the country, all the institutions need to have computer, so students, teachers, businessman and various types of service holders should learn operating computer, professional, students, teachers and businessman will have to have strong command over the use of computer and the internet. The internet will be the strongest means of communication. The farmers will use all types of modern motorized tools instead of traditional equipment and their hand-driver tools to cultivate their lands. They will no more lag behind in producing more and more tool because of all scientific methods and ways will be at their disposal. The patients will be treated with the latest medical apparatus and facilities. The sellers or the buyers will no more be mugged or robbed because their transaction will be run through e-banking or online banking system. People will no longer waste hopes of paper for calculation or registration. Rather all the information and calculation will be saved in computer. To speak the truth, there will hardly be any difference between village and towns because almost all the corners of the lord will enjoy the equal facilities of modern technology. We can claim that Bangladesh has already been a digital state to a little extent. Some Steps have already taken for Building Digital Bangladesh. Such as; national ID card and voter list, the automation process of the Chittagong Customs House, machine readable passport, online tax payment system, infrastructural development of internet. The Internet has reached many areas of town. People are now enjoying online banking facilities. ATM booths are after seen beside roads in cities. Hundreds of cyber cafes are mushrooming in cities. Many educational institutions and business centers are using multimedia for presentation. Majority of the total population now use Mobile-phones to communicate. Moreover use of e-mails is also to the rise.   Hope our Government will be successful in their mission if their efforts are serious and sincere to gift us a fully Digital Bangladesh. We believe through being fully digital our beloved country can be an advanced, educated and secured state. The government should go ahead in planned way in this correction. We the general people are looking forward with keen interest to seeing a digital Bangladesh.      Digital Bangladesh   To cherish such a dream is easy, but it is too much difficult to materialize this dream. Land phone, mobile, computer, laptop, e-magazine and diary, e-book reader and many more tools of information technology will be available in every nook and corner of the country. People will no more have to stand in queue to collect tickets, results etc or to deposit and withdraw money or to buy and sell things. Broadly speaking, a digital society ensures an ICT driven knowledge-based society where information will be readily available online and where all possible tasks of the government, semi-government and also private spheres will be processed using the modern technology. So, “Digital Bangladesh” must guarantee efficient and effective use of modem ICT in all spheres of the society with a view to establishing good governance. Why Digital Bangladesh: Due to globalization, Bangladesh has already been connected with the outside world. Yet In the field of ICT, our only grand success lies in Mobile telecommunication which has brought an abrupt change in telecommunication scenario of the country. However, in the other spheres of ICT, our achievement is very insignificant and we are still far away from transforming ourselves into a knowledge-based society. Building strong ICT infrastructure is the pre-requisite for making Bangladesh a digital one. For this, we need to focus on the following relevant issues: (a) Power deficit: Latest statistics reveal that Bangladesh faces a power deficit of up to 2000 MW against a demand of 5000 MW daily. It may be noted that for proper ICT development an uninterrupted power supply is a must.   (b)      Network infrastructure: Outside Dhaka, at present a few computer network infrastructures have been developed so far. Apart from some educational institutes outside Dhaka, observation finds that most of the LAN setups are Dhaka centric. This observation reveals the reality of the digital gap even within the country. (c)      Use of internet: For the ICT development internet users of the country must be increased. In this case our position is the worst one among the South Asian countries. Latest statistics (2007) revealed that internet penetration in our country is only 0.3 whereas in Pakistan and India it is 7.3% and 5.3% respectively. (d)      Use of open source software: Many countries (e.g. France and Malaysia) have started to use open source software in ICT development projects for cost effectiveness. Unfortunately in our ICT development domain, the culture of using open source has not yet been introduced. (e)      English-literacy rate: From different sources, it has been learnt that, English literacy rate in Bangladesh is less than one percent. In the arena of ICT English has become lingua-Franca. Unfortunately, in this case our position is the worst in the sub-continent. For making a digital Bangladesh by 2021, the government must address the above issues effectively and efficiently in transparent manners. Moreover, the journey towards a digital country needs the incorporation of the technologically solvent innovative young generation. If the leaders of our country objectively guide this generation, they can change the nation radically.   (f)       Better agricultural production: The farmers will use all types of modern motorized tools instead of traditional equipments and their hand-driven tools to cultivate their lands. They will have to get ample online help about producing more and more crops. (g)      Modern treatment: Patients will have to get telemedicine and tele­surgery facilities with the use of audio and video conferencing based net. Besides, 24-hour online help will radically change the traditional medical services. (h)      E-learning and e-commerce: All the educational and commercial institutions will come under a good network system and the details of these institutions and their activities will be available on websites. E-paper, digitised pen, e-book, pen drive and screen-touch tools will replace the traditional tools for many different reasons. Conclusion: Time has come for Bangladesh to develop her information technology and to turn her “Digital Bangladesh”. We need to bear in mind that to be away from enriched information technology means to live like a frog living in a well. We should look at the advanced countries of the world so that we can get modern ways and strategies from them to bring about a revolution for our ICT based society. Like Mahathir Muhammad’s Malaysia, we have to have our all-out efforts to materialise our desired Vision-2021 for our betterment and own existence.   Digital Bangladesh Introduction: “Digital Bangladesh” means an ICT based modern country where there will be adequate power supply, well-networked infrastructure, use of internet, use of open-source software, e-banking, e-commerce and e-governance. Of late the phrase “Digital Bangladesh” has been much talked about especially during the election campaign of the political parties targeting the ninth parliamentary election. Origin of Digital Vision: On the eve of the election, Bangladesh Awami League, one of the major political parties, first declared vision 2021with the aim to turn Bangladesh into a digital country by the next decade. More than a month ago, the Bangladesh Computer Council also organized a computer fair with the theme “Digital Bangladesh”. It refers to an e-state where all its activities of governance, commerce, education, agriculture etc will be powered by computer and internet. Different analyses of the electoral results have revealed that the young generation who consist of more than one third of the voters had indeed brought this overwhelming victory for AL. With many other reasons, implicitly it can be inferred that voters of this generation while exercising their franchise considered party manifestos seriously. Presumably the visionary approach of AL’s manifesto, entitled ‘a charter for change’ might have allured the young voters much, especially it’s ‘Vision 2021′which envisions ‘Digital Bangladesh’. Meaning of Digital Bangladesh: To cherish such a dream is easy, but it is too much difficult to materialize this dream. Land phone, mobile, computer, laptop, e-magazine and diary, e-book reader and many more tools of information technology will be available in every nook and corner of the country. People will no more have to stand in queue to collect tickets, results etc or to deposit and withdraw money or to buy and sell things. Broadly speaking, a digital society ensures an ICT driven knowledge-based society where information will be readily available online and where all possible tasks of the government, semi-government and also private spheres will be processed using the modern technology. So, “Digital Bangladesh” must guarantee efficient and effective use of modem ICT in all spheres of the society with a view to establishing good governance. Why Digital Bangladesh: Due to globalization, Bangladesh has already been connected with the outside world. Yet In the field of ICT, our only grand success lies in Mobile telecommunication which has brought an abrupt change in telecommunication scenario of the country. However, in the other spheres of ICT, our achievement is very insignificant and we are still far away from transforming ourselves into a knowledge-based society. Building strong ICT infrastructure is the pre-requisite for making Bangladesh a digital one. For this, we need to focus on the following relevant issues: (a) Power deficit: Latest statistics reveal that Bangladesh faces a power deficit of up to 2000 MW against a demand of 5000 MW daily. It may be noted that for proper ICT development an uninterrupted power supply is a must.   (b)   Network infrastructure: Outside Dhaka, at present a few computer network infrastructures have been developed so far. Apart from some educational institutes outside Dhaka, observation finds that most of the LAN setups are Dhaka centric. This observation reveals the reality of the digital gap even within the country. (c)   Use of internet: For the ICT development internet users of the country must be increased. In this case our position is the worst one among the South Asian countries. Latest statistics (2007) revealed that internet penetration in our country is only 0.3 whereas in Pakistan and India it is 7.3% and 5.3% respectively. (d)   Use of open source software: Many countries (e.g. France and Malaysia) have started to use open source software in ICT development projects for cost effectiveness. Unfortunately in our ICT development domain, the culture of using open source has not yet been introduced. (e)   English-literacy rate: From different sources, it has been learnt that, English literacy rate in Bangladesh is less than one percent. In the arena of ICT English has become lingua-Franca. Unfortunately, in this case our position is the worst in the sub-continent. For making a digital Bangladesh by 2021, the government must address the above issues effectively and efficiently in transparent manners. Moreover, the journey towards a digital country needs the incorporation of the technologically solvent innovative young generation. If the leaders of our country objectively guide this generation, they can change the nation radically. (f)      Better agricultural production: The farmers will use all types of modern motorized tools instead of traditional equipments and their hand-driven tools to cultivate their lands. They will have to get ample online help about producing more and more crops. (g)    Modern treatment: Patients will have to get telemedicine and tele­surgery facilities with the use of audio and video conferencing based net. Besides, 24-hour online help will radically change the traditional medical services. (h)    E-learning and e-commerce: All the educational and commercial institutions will come under a good network system and the details of these institutions and their activities will be available on websites. E-paper, digitised pen, e-book, pen drive and screen-touch tools will replace the traditional tools for many different reasons. How to materialise the vision: The government of the Bangladesh Awami League is very firm to ensure 100% net students enrolment at primary level within 2021. Supply of pure drinking water for the entire population will be ensured within 2011. Bangladesh will gain self-sufficiency in food within 2012. Each and every house of Bangladesh will be brought under hygienic sanitation in 2013. Moreover, within this same year Bangladesh will generate 7000 megawatt of electricity which will be further increased to 8000 megawatt in 2015. And in 2021, 20000 megawatt of electricity will be generated. In 2013, degree level education will be made tuition-free especially for women. Unemployment rate will be reduced to l5% from 40% at present. Labour in agriculture will come down to 30% from 48% at present. Labour in industry will be increased to 25% from 16% at present; in service 45% from 36% at present. Poverty rate will be reduced to 15% from 45% at present. Bangladesh will be known as a country of educated people with skills in information technology. 85% of the population will have standard nutritional food. The poorer section of the people will have at least 2122 calories of food. All types of contagious diseases will be eliminated; longevity of life expectancy will increase up to 70 years. Infant mortality will come down to 15 from 54 per thousand at present. Maternal death rate will come down to 1.5% from 3.8%. Use of birth control methods will be increased to 80%. Conclusion: Time has come for Bangladesh to develop her information technology and to turn her “Digital Bangladesh”. We need to bear in mind that to be away from enriched information technology means to live like a frog living in a well. We should look at the advanced countries of the world so that we can get modern ways and strategies from them to bring about a revolution for our ICT based society. Like Mahathir Muhammad’s Malaysia, we have to have our all-out efforts to materialise our desired Vision-2021 for our betterment and own existence. Digital Bangladesh : Vision-2021 Digital Bangladesh means it will be an e-state; all of its activities like governance, commerce, education, agriculture etc. will be powered by computer and internet. Today the entire world is gradually becoming a digital planet. Almost every state is heading towards a knowledge-based society and Bangladesh cannot stay away from the advantages out of it. Both the ruling and opposition parties in Bangladesh, Awami League (AL) and Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) emphasized ICT development as a core issue. With the landslide victory of AL in the recent general election of December 29, 2008, the making of an ICT-driven society in Bangladesh is now a real possibility. The election manifesto of AL pledged with ICT commitment cuts across the whole range of social, economic and governance development issues. The AL assured to build a 'Digital Bangladesh' where people will get a developed life, corruption and misrule-free society, and face the challenges of the 21st Century. The main opposition party, BNP also mentioned a number of times that they started the programme in their tenure and would complete it earlier than 2021. Therefore, the destination for the generation is correctly pointed out towards a 'Digital Bangladesh' and there is no disagreement on the issue among the parties. A very first step for 'Digital Bangladesh' would be to spread the ICT education throughout the country. Every primary and secondary student should have access to the computer and computer-based education. Mid­level education and short-term training should be readily available throughout the country and higher level education on computer science should be qualitative. Internet facilities should be made available to the remotest corner of the country at a cheaper rate. VISION 2021 : Bangladesh Awami League placed before the nation the following set of election promises, work schedule and declaration in the light of its vision 2021. 2010 100 percent net student enrolment at primary level. 2011 Supply of pure drinking water for the entire population. 2012 : Self-sufficiency in food. 2013 : Each house brought under hygienic sanitation. 2013: Attain 8 percent annual growth rate, this will be increased to 10, percent in 2017 and sustained. 2013: Bangladesh generates 7000 Megawatt of electricity which will be further increased to 8000 Megawatt in 2015. Steps will be taken to increase power generation capacity assuming that the demand for power will reach the level of 20000 Megawatt in 2021. 2013 : Free tuition up to degree level. 2014 : Bangladesh attains full literacy. 2015 : Living accommodation for the entire population. 2021 : Contribution of agriculture, industry and service sector to GDP will stand at 15, 40 and 45 percent respectively in place of 22, 28 and 50 percent as at present. 2021 : Unemployment reduced to 15 percent from the present rate of 40 percent. 2021 : Labour in agriculture comes down to 30% from 48% at present. 2021 : Labour in industry is 25% from 16% and in service 45% from 36% at present. 2021 : Poverty rate comes down to 15% from 45% at present. 2021: Bangladesh known as a country of educated people with skills in information technology. 2021 :85% of the populaton have standard nutritional food. 2021 : Poor people ensured a minimum of 2122 kilo calories of food. 2021 : All kinds of contagious diseases eliminated. 2021 : Longevity increases to 70 years. 2021 : Infant mortality comes down to 15 from 54 per thousand at present. 2021 : Maternal death rate reduced to 1.5% from 3.8%. 2021 : Use of birth control methods increased to 80%. Power and Energy : In the next three years or by 2011 power production will be increased to 5000 Megawatt and by 2013 it will be further increased to 7000 Megawatt. Employment guidelines : The number of unemployed people in the country, estimated at 28 million, will be reduced to 24 million by 2013 and will be further reduced to 15 million by 2021. ICT sector : IT education will be made compulsory at secondary level by 2013 and at primary level by 2021. Communication and infrastructure : Appropriate measures will be taken to construct the Padma and Karnaphuh bridge/tunnel, Dhaka-Chittagong four-lane express way. Measures will also be taken for expansion and modernization of the railway. Rail and road connection with neighbouring countries under the Asian Rail Highway Schemes will be established. Basic needs : With a view to providing food, clothing, shelter, education and health care to the citizens in accordance with Article 15 of the Constitution, gross domestic product will be raised to 8% by 2013 and 10% by 2017 which will be sustained thereafter. Food and nutrition : Food deficit will be removed and self-reliance in food production will be achieved by 2012, which will enable us to meet the nutrition needs of 85% of the population. Health care : By 2021 minimum daily intake of 2122 kilo calories of food, elimination of contagious disease, primary health care and sanitation for all will be ensured. Average longevity will be increased to seventy years, and efforts will be made for the reduction of child and maternal mortality. Education : Enrolment at the primary level will be increased to 100 percent net by 2010, Elimination of illiteracy by 2014, Making degree level education free by 2013 and higher salary for teachers will be ensured. Industry : A strong foundation for industrialization will be established by 2021. Contribution of the industrial sector to national GDP will be doubled. Housing : By 2015 housing for all will be ensured. Commodity price hike : Measures will be taken to reduce the unbearable burden of price hike and keep it within the limit of purchasing power of the people. After giving the highest priority to the production of domestic commodities, arrangements will be made for timely import to ensure food security. Agriculture : Subsidy for agricultural inputs will be enhanced and availability of inputs will be made easier. The amount of agricultural loan will be increased. Bangladesh as a country with 150 million people has huge potential, despite having many problems. It is very important to create skilled manpower educated in science and technology. Currently, the people of Bangladesh remain far away from using ICT, when the whole world is getting developed with the blessing of ICT. The people of the country face this discrimination only because of economic insolvency. Due to poverty and illiteracy, use of ICT is beyond imagination, and some of them consider it nothing but mere a fashion. Despite having a lot of interest, most of the people remain out of +he access of ICT because of high price. In the era of globalization, ICT is a crosscutting issue as well as an essential tool for economic development. It can play an important role in creating employment, raising work skill and production. The adoption of ICT can bring corruption free, citizen-centric and forward-looking governance in the country. As in many other fields, in ICTs also Bangladesh was an early adopter (as early as 1963) but then it fell behind most countries in the region as evidenced by various indices of ICT readiness such as PC penetration rate, internet penetration rate and others. In fact in the latest network readiness index published by the World Economic Forum, Bangladesh ranked behind India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. So the clarion call of the AL led grand alliance for building a 'Digital Bangladesh. It is the expectation of the mass people that government will take all possible steps to create a SMART (simple, measurable, accountable, responsive and transparent) 'Digital Bangladesh' and establish a knowledge-based society within 50 years of her independence in 2021.   Digital Bangladesh 'Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on the line and where all possible activities of the government and other non-government or semi-government organizations will be performed using digital technology.   Being digital Bangladesh will be an e-state. People will enjoy e-banking, e-governance and so on. People will no more have to stand in queue to collect tickets, results, be harassed while having services from various institutions. Telephone, Mobile, Website, Computer and all other tools of information technology will be available in every nook and corner of the country. People will no more have to stand queue to deposit or withdraw money to buy or sell things. They will be able to continue their respective activities without delay. Almost all the institutions both private and government will come under website system. The details of these institutions will be available on website.   The Computer Literacy Program is indeed a step towards a Digital Bangladesh. To spread web throughout the country, all the institutions need to have computer, so students, teachers, businessman and various types of service holders should learn operating computer, professional, students, teachers and businessman will have to have strong command over the use of computer and the internet.   The internet will be the strongest means of communication. The farmers will use all types of modern motorized tools instead of traditional equipment and their hand-driver tools to cultivate their lands. They will no more lag behind in producing more and more tool because of all scientific methods and ways will be at their disposal. The patients will be treated with the latest medical apparatus and facilities. The sellers or the buyers will no more be mugged or robbed because their transaction will be run through e-banking or online banking system. People will no longer waste hopes of paper for calculation or registration. Rather all the information and calculation will be saved in computer. To speak the truth, there will hardly be any difference between village and towns because almost all the corners of the lord will enjoy the equal facilities of modern technology.   We can claim that Bangladesh has already been a digital state to a little extent. Some Steps have already taken for Building Digital Bangladesh. Such as; national ID card and voter list, the automation process of the Chittagong Customs House, machine readable passport, online tax payment system, infrastructural development of internet. The Internet has reached many areas of town. People are now enjoying online banking facilities. ATM booths are after seen beside roads in cities. Hundreds of cyber cafes are mushrooming in cities. Many educational institutions and business centers are using multimedia for presentation. Majority of the total population now use Mobile-phones to communicate. Moreover use of e-mails is also to the rise.   Hope our Government will be successful in their mission if their efforts are serious and sincere to gift us a fully Digital Bangladesh. We believe through being fully digital our beloved country can be an advanced, educated and secured state. The government should go ahead in planned way in this correction. We the general people are looking forward with keen interest to seeing a digital Bangladesh. DIGITAL BANGLADESH The forces of globalization and technology are continuously reshaping our socio-economic structure. The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are giving rise to a new type of society which is recognized as “Knowledge Based Society”. Over the decades technology has had a pivotal role in defining today's digitized global structure. The developed countries have already adopted this concept and made rapid progress in the global arena. In this context, Bangladesh has got into the threshold to match with the global concept of becoming digitized, by year 2021 through application of mass ICT and emerge as "Digital Bangladesh". This concept is not only ICT centric development rather it is the integration of ICT and non-ICT sectors of the country. The vision "Digital Bangladesh" encompasses the whole arena of a knowledge based digital socio-economic structure. The road to digitization focuses highest priority to science, technology, governance, health and education. Moreover, it is important to start digitized service delivery organs like Police, City corporation, Land Department, Tax Department, PDB, Water supply, Gas and other authorities also including sectors like Banking, Insurance, Customs, Tax Collection. Some Steps have already taken for Building Digital Bangladesh. Such as; national ID card and voter list, the automation process of the Chittagong Customs House, machine readable passport, online tax payment system, infrastructural development of internet. At present Bangladesh is in the process of preparing the platform to launch a nationwide digitization program. A significant improvement has been observed in different sectors like development of IT infrastructure, tele-based services. But each and every sector of the country specially agriculture, education, commerce, health etc have to be given due importance for the success of this campaign. Therefore government should formulate a comprehensive roadmap integrating long and short term planning. OR 'Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on the line and where all possible activities of the government and other non-government or semi-government organizations will be performed using digital technology. Bangladesh is an independent country. She achieved her freedom more than 39 years ago. But still she is burdened with many problems like poverty, over population, unemployment, corruption, food deficit, natural calamities, power crisis etc. Considering all these, the present government has aimed at making a Digital Bangladesh to overcome these problems. The motto of Digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education, etc. emphasizing the overall development of the country and the nation. The benefits of Digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a Digital Bangladesh, corruption will drastically reduce. Besides, it will save people's time and money and will make people more enterprising and thus will reduce unemployment problem. It will connect people with the whole world economically, politically, socially, academically and even culturally. It will open doors for the people to improve their conditions. It will also improve banking and financial activities. Money transfer and transaction of business could be made within seconds by clicking the mouse of a computer. Agriculture, health, education, commerce ­ all these sectors will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a Digital one. Ad Ad

Paragraph Writing                 Diaspora ​ The term diaspora is used to refer to the movement of people who have left their ancestral homelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number of events of it. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades. They have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such as imperialism, trade or labour migrations or by the kind of social coherence. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt and settled themselves in Palestine. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization.   Model Answer-2 Diaspora The term diaspora  refers to the dispersion of people from their ancestral homelands to different parts of the world, often due to necessity or personal choice. Over time, the word has evolved to describe these groups collectively or as communities. The concept of diaspora is ancient, with references found even in the Bible. Historical records reveal numerous events of large-scale migration throughout human civilization. However, it is only in recent decades that scholars have examined this phenomenon in depth, categorizing various diasporas based on their causes, such as imperialism, trade, or labor migrations, and the level of social cohesion within these groups. One of the most significant diasporas in history is that of the Jewish people, who were displaced multiple times. Their ancestor Abraham was said to have left Iraq to seek refuge in Egypt, and later, his descendants—the Jews—were expelled from Egypt and settled in Palestine. In the 20th century, the Palestinian diaspora emerged as a major global concern, drawing attention from world leaders due to the hardships faced by displaced Palestinians. Another example is the migration of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian subcontinent thousands of years ago, though the precise reasons for this movement remain uncertain. Africa has also experienced significant diasporas, often driven by wars or natural disasters. In the modern era, the phenomenon of diaspora is gaining renewed focus due to globalization. The interconnectedness of the world has made migration more accessible and frequent, highlighting the cultural, economic, and political implications of diasporic communities. These groups not only maintain ties to their roots but also contribute to shaping the societies where they settle, making diaspora a vital aspect of our globalized world. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Diaspora The term "diaspora" refers to a group of people who leave their homeland and live in other parts of the world, either by choice or necessity. Diasporas are often created due to migration for better opportunities, wars, natural disasters, or political conflicts. These communities maintain connections to their roots, carrying their culture, traditions, and identity to new lands. Diasporas are significant because they play a vital role in connecting different parts of the world. People in the diaspora share their traditions, food, music, and art with the countries they settle in, enriching those cultures. For example, Indian, Greek, and Chinese communities living abroad have introduced their cuisines, festivals, and philosophies to places like the United States, Canada, and Australia. This cultural exchange promotes understanding and unity among diverse societies. Economically, diasporas contribute by sending remittances back to their home countries. These financial contributions help improve the lives of families and support national economies. For instance, many workers from Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Mexico send money home, which is a major source of income for their countries. However, living away from home can also present challenges. Members of a diaspora often struggle with feelings of separation and loss of identity. They may face discrimination or difficulty in adapting to the customs and language of the host country. Balancing the old culture with the new one can be complex. Despite these challenges, diasporas serve as bridges between their home and host countries. They foster relationships, exchange knowledge, and even act as advocates for their homeland’s interests abroad. For example, Irish and Jewish diasporas have influenced international policies and supported their countries during crises. In conclusion, diasporas shape the world by spreading culture, fostering economic ties, and building global communities. Although life in a diaspora has its struggles, it also offers opportunities for growth, connection, and the creation of a multicultural world. ডায়াসপোরা "ডায়াসপোরা" বলতে বোঝায় এমন একটি গোষ্ঠী যারা তাদের মাতৃভূমি ছেড়ে অন্য দেশে বসবাস করে, হয় নিজেদের ইচ্ছায় অথবা প্রয়োজনের কারণে। ডায়াসপোরা প্রায়শই তৈরি হয় উন্নত জীবনের সন্ধানে অভিবাসন, যুদ্ধ, প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ বা রাজনৈতিক সংঘাতের কারণে। এই সম্প্রদায়গুলো তাদের শিকড়ের সঙ্গে সংযোগ বজায় রেখে তাদের সংস্কৃতি, ঐতিহ্য এবং পরিচয় নতুন ভূমিতে বহন করে। ডায়াসপোরা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কারণ তারা বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন অংশের মধ্যে যোগসূত্র তৈরি করে। তারা যেখানে থাকে, সেই দেশে তাদের ঐতিহ্য, খাবার, সঙ্গীত এবং শিল্পের পরিচয় করিয়ে দেয়, যা ওই সংস্কৃতিকে সমৃদ্ধ করে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, প্রবাসী ভারতীয়, গ্রিক এবং চীনা সম্প্রদায়গুলো যুক্তরাষ্ট্র, কানাডা এবং অস্ট্রেলিয়ার মতো দেশে তাদের রন্ধনপ্রণালী, উৎসব এবং দর্শন প্রচলিত করেছে। এই সাংস্কৃতিক বিনিময় বৈচিত্র্যময় সমাজে বোঝাপড়া ও ঐক্য বাড়ায়। অর্থনৈতিকভাবে, ডায়াসপোরা তাদের মাতৃভূমিতে রেমিট্যান্স পাঠিয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখে। এই আর্থিক সহায়তা পরিবারের জীবনযাত্রার মান উন্নত করে এবং জাতীয় অর্থনীতিতে সহায়তা করে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, বাংলাদেশ, ফিলিপাইন এবং মেক্সিকোর অনেক কর্মী তাদের দেশে অর্থ পাঠান, যা তাদের অর্থনীতির একটি বড় উৎস। তবে, মাতৃভূমি থেকে দূরে বসবাস করা অনেক সময় চ্যালেঞ্জ তৈরি করে। ডায়াসপোরার সদস্যরা প্রায়ই বিচ্ছিন্নতা এবং পরিচয়ের সংকটে ভোগেন। তারা বর্ণবৈষম্য বা নতুন দেশের আচার-ব্যবহার এবং ভাষার সঙ্গে মানিয়ে নেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হতে পারেন। পুরনো সংস্কৃতি এবং নতুন সংস্কৃতির মধ্যে ভারসাম্য রক্ষা করাও কঠিন হতে পারে। এই চ্যালেঞ্জ সত্ত্বেও, ডায়াসপোরা তাদের মাতৃভূমি এবং নতুন দেশের মধ্যে সেতুবন্ধন তৈরি করে। তারা সম্পর্ক উন্নত করে, জ্ঞান বিনিময় করে এবং তাদের দেশের স্বার্থ রক্ষায় আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে ভূমিকা রাখে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, আইরিশ এবং ইহুদি ডায়াসপোরা আন্তর্জাতিক নীতিতে প্রভাব বিস্তার করেছে এবং সংকটের সময় তাদের দেশকে সমর্থন দিয়েছে। সর্বশেষে, ডায়াসপোরা সংস্কৃতি ছড়িয়ে, অর্থনৈতিক সংযোগ তৈরি এবং বৈশ্বিক সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলে বিশ্বকে গঠন করে। যদিও ডায়াসপোরার জীবন চ্যালেঞ্জপূর্ণ, এটি বৃদ্ধির, সংযোগের এবং বহুসাংস্কৃতিক পৃথিবী তৈরির সুযোগ দেয়। Ad Ad