Paragraph Writing / Composition / Essay Writing What You Would Do If You Got Aladdin’s Magic Lamp At Your Hand Aladdin’s magic lamp is a key to anyone who gets it. To me it would be a stunning incidence if I am able to have it. Since my early school life, I have read and heard about the Aladdin’s magic lamp but it remains only a dream to achieve it. I wish I got Aladdin’s magic lamp. I have many latent desires which can be fulfilled with this magic lamp. In my society there are many problems. There is scarcity of enough dwelling places for the people. They do not have enough room to live in. They lack the facilities of food, shelter, sanitation, etc. I feel pity for them. The condition of the health of the people of our locality is not sound at all. They do not get balanced food. I wish that everyone could have enough nutritious food. If I had the lamp, I would ask the Genie of the lamp to supply enough food to the people of my locality. People in my locality do not have clean water to drink and for everyday use. I wish that everyone could have access to safe and clean water. For the purpose, I would ask the Genie to sink a hand-pump for the locality. People do not have sanitary latrines and lack the knowledge of health and sanitation. I wish that everybody could have access to sanitary latrines. I wish that everyone could use soap. I wish that everyone could have medicine when sick. Accordingly I would ask the Genie to fulfil my desire. Many people in my locality do not have healthy dwelling place and they live in a noisy crowded room. Even they have to work in an unhygienic, congested room. I wish they did not live and work in a congested room. For them I would build new houses so that they can live well. The children in my locality do not have adequate educational facilities. I wish that the boys and the girls could go to school. So I would wish for setting up a free primary high school. Besides these, I have a wish to live in a healthy environment. So I wish that the garbage was not dumped on the road and there was no water on the road and I wish the trees did not die out. If all these desires were fulfilled, people of my locality would be able to lead a happy and peaceful life. Last but not the least I have a personal desire to travel around the world. So I would ask the Genie of the lamp to place me on the magic carpet and help to fly to different countries and see many wonderful things. This is all my wish which I can hope to fulfil if I had the Aladdin’s magic lamp at hand. What You Would Do If You Got Aladdin’s Magic Lamp At Your Hand If I got Aladdin’s magic lamp in my hand, I would first be amazed and curious, knowing that I had the power to make three wishes come true. The first thing I would do is ask the Genie for good health and happiness for my family and loved ones. I believe that the well-being of those close to me is the most important thing in life. With this wish, I would ensure they live long, healthy lives and experience true happiness. For my second wish, I would ask for the ability to travel anywhere in the world instantly. There are so many places I want to visit and explore, whether for learning, adventure, or simply to experience different cultures. This wish would allow me to enjoy the beauty and diversity of the world without any limitations, and I could visit my loved ones anywhere they are. Finally, my third wish would be to create positive change in the world. I would wish for solutions to major global issues like poverty, hunger, and environmental damage. By using this wish, I would aim to make the world a better place for everyone, helping people in need and protecting the planet for future generations. In the end, I would make sure to use my wishes wisely, not just for personal gain, but for the well-being of others and the planet. The power of the magic lamp is great, but the responsibility to use it for good would be even greater.

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing IMPORTANCE OF RADIO Radio is one of the wonders of modern science. It is the system of sending message, song, talk etc through the space by means of electric waves. It broadcasts news, song, play, talk, poetry and what not. It carries our voice to the farthest corner of the world. It is popular even to ignorant people. It is a combination of the telephone and the telegraph. The radio is useful to us in many ways. In the early morning getting up from our bed we can listen to current news. Sportsmen and lover of sports get immense pleasure from radio relay of football, cricket, hockey etc. The politicians can fathom the motive of the leaders from political lectures and addresses. People fond of music may have different music programmes from it. The sailor is eagerly waiting for weather broadcast and the common man for the latest flood report. To the ailing patients in the hospitals, the radio is a great source of enjoyment. Although most of the urban people watch television now-a-days, our rural people cannot afford to buy television. So television cannot reach almost every house of the rural Bangladesh. The villagers get knowledge of what is happening in the towns from the radio programmes. To the village people radio is a great source of entertainment and education. The variety of amusements offered can also satisfy all tastes. Even the illiterate persons can have lessons from a radio. Adult education is possible through radio programmes. The agriculture experts discuss various problems of agriculture and their solutions. The farmers are greatly benefited by it. Besides, programmes on public health, family planning, and sanitation are broadcast for the betterment of the nation. Thus the radio plays the role of a friend and advisor. It enables all people to enjoy the fruits of culture and tradition. The radio also broadcasts students’ forums, children’s programmes and programmes for the women, labourers and soldiers. These programmes of different aspects are from every angle of the subjects which concern them. The physical instructor can give lessons on physical exercise and the music master, lessons on music through radio. Thus radio plays a significant role in our life. We can listen to the radio programmes of the whole world from a radio set. It is, as if the world’s microphone. Our leaders may easily address the nation safely from the small room of the radio station. They need not address the people face to face under the scorching heat of the sun or rains and storms. It is most useful means of communication of the ideas and thoughts of the Government to the people. Even the unlettered mass can have knowledge of the latest development of science, technology, philosophy and morality. In a word, the importance of radio in our national life is undeniable. Radio / Importance of Radio Radio is a scientific invention. In our daily life, we use radio for different purposes. It is used not only the medium of entertainment but also the means of communication. Radio broadcasts different types of programmes such as songs, dramas, educational programmes, sports, commentary etc. It also broadcasts news, weather forecast, parliamentary debates, public notices etc. as a means of communication. That is, it works as a coordinator between the rulers and the public. Sitting in our room, we can know the current news of the world through radio. The lovers of sports can get uncommon pleasure from sports commentary on radio. Hearing the commentary, we feel that we are actually watching the game. We also listen to different types of music programmes. Radio plays an important role in broadcasting weather forecast regularly. The farmers, fishermen and people of other professions listen to weather forecast eagerly, while they are working in the costal area. It warns signs about any natural disaster. The fishermen and people working in the coastal area cannot do without it. Commercial news and advertisements of businessmen are also broadcast to people through the radio. There are special programmes for women, children, labourers of mills and factories in towns and cultivators, fishermen and artisians of villages. If they listen to these programmes, they will be greatly benefited. However, radio is a boon to our modern civilization. We should utilize it for our propagation of knowledge and our radio stations should give a true picture of our national life THE RADIO The radio is one of the wonders of modern science. It carries our feeble voice to the farthest corner of the world. It gives us news, song, dance, talk, play, poetry and what not. The radio is the system of sending messages, song, talk etc. through the space by means of electric waves. It is a combination of the telephone and the telegraph and is an improvement on the two, because it can do without wires or without any connection between the stations. The Italian scientist, G. Marconi, was mainly responsible for its invention. The radio is based on the science of sound. As soon as a word is uttered certain vibrations are produced in the air. These vibrations are called ‘sound waves’, because they are transmitted to the ear in a wave-like form. Anything that is uttered in the broadcasting station can be heard in all places where there are receiving sets. The main function of a broadcasting station is the amplification of the vibrations. The receiving sets are apparatuses for catching the sound of broadcast. The vibrations which are reproduced require some energy for the reproduction. This energy is supplied by electricity and as such in every receiving valve set, there is a battery charged with electricity. In the case of the valve set, there are loud-speakers. These resemble gramophone horns and enable any number of men to listen. When we listen to our all-wave set, the world becomes our neighbour. The radio is the world’s microphone. With its help our leaders may easily address the nation from a small room. They need not stand on a platform facing thousands of eager listeners under the blazing sun. if democracy means real bond between the government and the people, the radio is surely a grand instrument of modern democracy. Even the unlettered million get knowledge of the latest developments in the world through it. The uses of the radio are manifold. Those who have hunger for news are satisfied with the news broadcast. Those who are interested in sports find immense joy in the football match replay. The businessman gets his quotation of prices, the politician finds his political news, the lover of music has his favourite song, the sailors his weather forecast and the common man the latest food position of the country. To the patients ailing in the hospital the radio is a great source of enjoyment. The radio broadcasts special programmes for special listeners like the students, the children, the women, the labourers, the solders and so forth. The radio entertains as well as instructs. Humble people who cannot afford music and play at their own cost can easily listen to the radio and enjoy themselves. The radio now-a-days can mould the country’s taste refinement. The radio has broken the wall between the literate and the illiterate. Even the illiterate are being educated by the radio. The radio has been a great help in the drive for adult education. It has also made the fruits of culture available to all classes of people.The radio is one of the gifts of science to society. Even in a poor country like ours, the use of the radio is not limited. Our engineers have come forward and taken up the study of wireless in its practical aspects. At present cheaper wireless sets may be manufactured in our country. Modern civilisation without the wireless system cannot be imagined.

Composition / Essay Writing THE UTILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The modern age is an age of science and technology. Many of us say that it is the age of Information Technology. It is a very recent development. In the context of globalization, Information Technology is rapidly expanding and is being used by the common people. In the modern civilization, this technology is so important that we cannot ignore its utilisation. Now what is IT? It means the use of scientific knowledge, theory and information. Telephone is one of the most popular technologies which is widely used to send messages or information from one corner of the globe to another part. The exchange of information by using technology is called communicating information technology. To use a telephone two persons are there. One is the sender of the information and the other is the receiver. Nowadays various kinds of technology are being used in the field of communication of information through signals. In ancient days, there were no such improved technology. They exchanged their information and messages through messengers, striking drum and whistling. The messengers of the message sometimes rode on a horse back to hand over the news to a far-off place. The Red Indians in America made fire and created smoke to send news. This is now quite unbelievable. Just before the invention of Information Technology, we sent information or news by sending letters to the desired person or persons. With the rapid improvement of science, roads, waterways and of airways, communication has been widely improved and developed. In exchanging views and news, people have used different ways at different times. Information Technology has made it easy to send urgent information in the twinkling of an eye. Telegraph, telephone, mobile phone, fax, internet— all these are the glorious means of sending and receiving information from any corner of the world within a second or two. THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Information technology (IT) has become an essential part of our lives, influencing almost every aspect of society. The importance and utility of information technology can be seen in various fields such as education, healthcare, business, communication, and entertainment. One of the major benefits of IT is its role in education. It has made learning more accessible, flexible, and engaging. With the internet, students can access a vast amount of information online. Educational websites, online courses, and digital libraries have made it possible for people to learn from anywhere in the world. Teachers can also use technology to enhance their lessons with multimedia tools, making the learning process more interactive. In healthcare, information technology has revolutionized the way medical professionals provide care. Electronic health records (EHR) help doctors and nurses keep track of patient history, reducing errors and improving treatment. IT has also made it possible for doctors to consult specialists remotely, providing better access to healthcare for people in remote areas. Medical research has also advanced due to technology, leading to new treatments and medicines. In the business world, IT has greatly improved efficiency and productivity. Computers, software, and the internet enable businesses to automate tasks, manage data, and communicate effectively. IT also allows businesses to expand globally by reaching customers and partners through e-commerce, social media, and other digital platforms. It has made processes faster, cheaper, and more accurate, which helps companies stay competitive. Communication has been greatly enhanced by information technology. The internet, smartphones, and social media platforms allow people to stay connected regardless of distance. Video calls, emails, and instant messaging have made communication faster and more convenient, making it easier to maintain relationships, both personal and professional. Entertainment has also been transformed by IT. Digital platforms like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify provide access to movies, music, and games at the touch of a button. People can now enjoy a wide variety of entertainment content online, whenever and wherever they want. In conclusion, information technology plays a crucial role in modern life. It enhances communication, education, healthcare, business, and entertainment. As technology continues to advance, its importance and utility will only grow, making it an indispensable part of our daily lives. VOCABULARY: 60 vocabulary words, along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings related to the content on The Utility of Information Technology: English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Information Technology (IT) তথ্য প্রযুক্তি सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी Modern আধুনিক आधुनिक Age যুগ युग Development উন্নয়ন विकास Globalization বৈশ্বিকীকরণ वैश्वीकरण Science বিজ্ঞান विज्ञान Technology প্রযুক্তি प्रौद्योगिकी Communication যোগাযোগ संचार Exchange আদান-প্রদান आदान-प्रदान Urgent জরুরি आपातकाल Telephone টেলিফোন टेलीफोन Sender প্রেরক प्रेषक Receiver গ্রহণকারী प्राप्तकर्ता Mobile Phone মোবাইল ফোন मोबाइल फोन Fax ফ্যাক্স फैक्स Internet ইন্টারনেট इंटरनेट Information তথ্য सूचना Message বার্তা संदेश Access প্রবেশ पहुँच Education শিক্ষা शिक्षा Healthcare স্বাস্থ্যসেবা स्वास्थ्य सेवा Business ব্যবসা व्यवसाय Entertainment বিনোদন मनोरंजन Remote দূরবর্তী दूरस्थ Treatment চিকিৎসা उपचार Data তথ্য डेटा Software সফটওয়্যার सॉफ़्टवेयर E-commerce ই-কমার্স ई-कॉमर्स Social Media সামাজিক মাধ্যম सोशल मीडिया Digital ডিজিটাল डिजिटल Automation অটোমেশন स्वचालन Efficiency দক্ষতা दक्षता Productivity উৎপাদনশীলতা उत्पादकता Consult পরামর্শ করা परामर्श लेना Remote Access দূরবর্তী প্রবেশ दूरस्थ पहुंच History ইতিহাস इतिहास Accuracy সঠিকতা सटीकता Flexibility নমনীয়তা लचीलापन Multimedia মাল্টিমিডিয়া मल्टीमीडिया Interactive আন্তঃক্রিয়া इंटरएक्टिव Research গবেষণা अनुसंधान Innovation উদ্ভাবন नवाचार Entertainment Content বিনোদন সামগ্রী मनोरंजन सामग्री Video Call ভিডিও কল वीडियो कॉल Email ইমেইল ईमेल Instant Messaging তাৎক্ষণিক বার্তা त्वरित संदेश Online অনলাইন ऑनलाइन Remote Area প্রত্যন্ত এলাকা दूरस्थ क्षेत्र Telecommunication টেলিযোগাযোগ दूरसंचार Revolution বিপ্লব क्रांति Medical চিকিৎসা चिकित्सा Automation অটোমেশন स्वचालन Internet Access ইন্টারনেট প্রবেশ इंटरनेट एक्सेस Convenient সুবিধাজনক सुविधाजनक Digital Platform ডিজিটাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম डिजिटल प्लेटफॉर्म Internet Banking ইন্টারনেট ব্যাংকিং इंटरनेट बैंकिंग Video Streaming ভিডিও স্ট্রিমিং वीडियो स्ट्रीमिंग Connectivity সংযোগ कनेक्टिविटी Telemedicine টেলিমেডিসিন टेलीमेडिसिन Search Engine সার্চ ইঞ্জিন सर्च इंजन Application অ্যাপ্লিকেশন एप्लिकेशन Learning Platform শেখার প্ল্যাটফর্ম शिक्षण प्लेटफ़ॉर्म Global Reach বৈশ্বিক পৌঁছানো वैश्विक पहुंच Technology Advancement প্রযুক্তি উন্নয়ন प्रौद्योगिकी प्रगति Online Courses অনলাইন কোর্স ऑनलाइन कोर्स Digital Libraries ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরি डिजिटल पुस्तकालय Digital Transformation ডিজিটাল রূপান্তর डिजिटल रूपांतरण Connectivity Issues সংযোগ সমস্যা कनेक्टिविटी समस्याएं Social Interaction সামাজিক মিথস্ক্রিয়া सामाजिक संपर्क

Composition / Essay Writing MASS EDUCATION Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can prosper without education. A nation's development depends on the achievements of education. The developed countries have 99% to 100% percent educated people, whereas our percentage is very meagre in comparison to them. Illiteracy is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of mass education programme arises in Bangladesh. By mass education we mean education of the illiterate mass of our country. This programme aims at imparting knowledge of letters to the illiterate with a view to making them conscious and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing simple calculations. It is mass education that makes people what is right and what is wrong and makes them conscious of their rights and duties. About 85% people in Bangladesh live below the poverty level. They are more than poor. Their pressure of poverty keep them busy to earn their livelihood. They cannot think the importance of education. Their children grow up without basic knowledge of reading and writing. They become ignorant of their duties and responsibilities for themselves and for the welfare of the state. Moreover, illiterate people become superstitious. It creates social vices. As a result, it creates so many hurdles against all round progress and prosperity of the country. A nation with illiterate masses cannot utilise the benefits of modern science and technology. The illiterate people do not know how to cultivate land by scientific method. The rules of health and sanitation are unknown to them. They are ignorant of the gravity of population explosion. To make the people responsible citizens and the country prosperous and capable of maintaining sovereignty, mass education is a must. Mass education can help people understand the right and wrong ways of life. It brings about a change in the society. It paves the way of national progress and prosperity. Ignorant people being literate can act wisely in the field of agriculture and industry. They can follow the rules of good health and peaceful life. Mass education helps people to adopt family planning. It is for all these that mass education is most necessary in Bangladesh. Many steps have been already taken by the former government of Bangladesh. The first phase of the revolution aimed at the attainment of self-sufficiency in food and the second phase at educating the mass within the shortest possible time. Mass literacy was included in the syllabus of S.S.C and H.S.C Examinations. National information media took extensive programmes in respect of mass education. Primary education has been made compulsory. Adult Education Programmes are conducted on TV on a regular basis. Night schools are working to teach people who can come to class after the day's work. The present Government is also conscious of the problem of mass illiteracy and is making sincere efforts to overcome this problem. The NGO's are also working on spreading education among the adults. However, the mass literacy campaign should be further strengthened. Opening of a night school at every village should be made compulsory. Attendance of the illiterate in night schools should be made obligatory. Every educated man and woman should attend in this programme. Expenditure in this purpose is to be borne by the proper authority. Adults, those are engaged in education and motivated to learn. Village boys and girls are to be encouraged by reward for the best performances. Teachers of schools, colleges and universities and the students thereof, should be organised in batches during the long vacation, to educate the illiterate mass. In this way, mass education is to be popularized and made fruitful in educating the people of our country. The progress of the country is impossible without mass education. When illiteracy will be uprooted, nation will march ahead with all round progress and prosperity. Maintenance of law and order will be easy. Agriculture and industry will flourish. Then we shall be able to materialise the dream of the martyrs to make our country a land of light, of knowledge, of happiness and prosperity. MASS LITERACY AND HOW TO MAKE IT SUCCESSFUL In this age of science and progress 44% of the people of Bangladesh are still illiterate. Such a vast section of the people cannot keep pace with modem change and progress. That is why adult education is quite essential in Bangladesh. Education is necessary for every nation. No nation can prosper without education. Education gives a man knowledge and foresight. It removes the I norance of a man and enables him to distinguish between light and darkness, tetween right and wrong, between legal and illegal. So education is essential for all. The adults have to shoulder the responsibility of the present time. If they do not know about the modern, change and progress, the country cannot make progress. Most of the V-,ople of Bangladesh are illiterate. The farmers do not know how to follow the modern scientific methods of cultivation. So the yield of crops is very low. Had the cultivators been acquainted with the modem methods of cultivation, they would have been able to increase the yield of crops. So the cultivators of the country should be educated. The educated people of our country should come forward and take up the responsibility of educating the illiterate people. Night is the best time to teach the adults. Both the educated and the uneducated people are free at night. So night schools should be established in large numbers for the spread of adult education in our country. If every educated person undertakes the responsibility to educate five of his illiterate brethren and sisters and teaches them one hour every night for one year, our country can be easily free from the curse of illiteracy. Vocabulary: 60 vocabulary words, along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings related to the content on "Mass Education": English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Education শিক্ষা शिक्षा Backbone মেরুদণ্ড रीढ़ Nation জাতি देश Prosper সমৃদ্ধি समृद्धि Development উন্নয়ন विकास Achievements সাফল্য उपलब्धियां Illiteracy নিরক্ষরতা निरक्षरता Serious গুরুতর गंभीर Problem সমস্যা समस्या Mass Education গণ শিক্ষা जन शिक्षा Illiterate নিরক্ষর निरक्षर Knowledge জ্ঞান ज्ञान Conscious সচেতন सचेत Responsible দায়িত্বশীল जिम्मेदार Citizens নাগরিক नागरिक Rights অধিকার अधिकार Duties দায়িত্ব कर्तव्य Poverty দারিদ্র্য गरीबी Livelihood জীবিকা आजीविका Pressure চাপ दबाव Growth বৃদ্ধি वृद्धि Ignorance অজ্ঞতা अज्ञान Superstitious কুসংস্কার अंधविश्वासी Social Vices সামাজিক দুর্নীতি सामाजिक दोष Hurdles প্রতিবন্ধকতা बाधाएं Progress অগ্রগতি प्रगति Prosperity সমৃদ্ধি समृद्धि Modern আধুনিক आधुनिक Science বিজ্ঞান विज्ञान Technology প্রযুক্তি प्रौद्योगिकी Cultivation চাষাবাদ कृषि Health স্বাস্থ্য स्वास्थ्य Sanitation স্যানিটেশন स्वच्छता Population Explosion জনসংখ্যার বিস্ফোরণ जनसंख्या विस्फोट Family Planning পরিবার পরিকল্পনা परिवार नियोजन Self-Sufficiency স্বয়ংসম্পূর্ণতা आत्मनिर्भरता Literacy সাক্ষরতা साक्षरता Compulsory বাধ্যতামূলক अनिवार्य Adult Education প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক শিক্ষা वयस्क शिक्षा Night School রাতের স্কুল रात का स्कूल Educate শিক্ষা প্রদান করা शिक्षा देना Motivated অনুপ্রাণিত प्रेरित Reward পুরস্কার पुरस्कार Performance কর্মক্ষমতা प्रदर्शन Teachers শিক্ষক शिक्षक Students ছাত্র-ছাত্রী छात्र-छात्राएं Village গ্রাম गाँव Batch ব্যাচ बैच Popularized জনপ্রিয় করা लोकप्रिय किया Responsibility দায়িত্ব जिम्मेदारी Discipline শৃঙ্খলা अनुशासन Literacy Rate সাক্ষরতার হার साक्षरता दर Attainment অর্জন प्राप्ति Awareness সচেতনতা जागरूकता Eradicate নির্মূল করা उन्मूलन करना Eradication উৎখাত उन्मूलन Dream স্বপ্ন सपना Martyrs শহীদ शहीद Land ভূমি भूमि Light আলো प्रकाश Knowledge জ্ঞান ज्ञान Happiness সুখ खुशी Prosperous সমৃদ্ধ समृद्ध Fluency সাবলীলতা प्रवाह Compulsory Education বাধ্যতামূলক শিক্ষা अनिवार्य शिक्षा Development Programs উন্নয়ন কর্মসূচি विकास कार्यक्रम Literacy Campaign সাক্ষরতা অভিযান साक्षरता अभियान Empowerment ক্ষমতায়ন सशक्तिकरण Contribution অবদান योगदान Future ভবিষ্যত भविष्य Success সাফল্য सफलता Motivation অনুপ্রেরণা प्रेरणा Illiterate Person নিরক্ষর ব্যক্তি निरक्षर व्यक्ति

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing MY LIKINGS AND DISLIKINGS As a man I have my own likings and dislikings. They may differ from others. Likings and dislikings, depend on situation and environmental conditions. Family and social conditions may influence my likings and dislikings. Specially parental influence works well in this field. I came of a respectable family. Since my boyhood /childhood I am in the habit of saving my prayers. If once I failed to do that. I would be given corporal punishment. So it is natural that saying prayers is after my liking. When I was in my village home, I would like to catch fish with hooks in the ponds and beefs. But I disliked to destroy anything of others. I never liked to attend Jatra, Jarigan, Kabigan which were once very popular in rural areas. In my boyhood I disliked to keep myself absent from school. I liked to play various kinds of games like ha-dudu. Kabadi. football and lathi khela.' On the other hand I disliked playing cards or chess. But now I like chess, too. In my early life I woke up at 6 AM but felt too lazy to leave my bed. When I got up it was 6:30 1 had my usual breakfast with cereal and milk. I wish I had a different breakfast every morning. Now I have reached a certain period of my life. I am very happy with my family. I like to help my mother in her household chores. I like to work with my father in his fields. I don't like quarrelling with others. In respect of my taking food, I like to eat vegetables most. Sometimes I like to eat meat and fish such as hilsha fish. I like to watch TV programmes. But I don't like to watch cartoons anymore, they are really childlike. I like to play games with friends and classmates. What I like may not be liked by others. What I dislike may be liked by others as well. In fine I can say I like what is good for me and the society and dislike what can harm me and the society as a whole. Overall, my likes and dislikes are a part of who I am. They shape my daily activities and guide my choices in life. Even though everyone has different preferences, I believe it’s important to respect each other’s opinions and differences. MY LIKINGS AND DISLIKINGS I have many things I like and dislike, and they reflect my personality and interests. My likings and dislikings often influence the way I spend my time and how I interact with others. One of the things I like most is reading. I enjoy reading books, especially novels and stories about adventure and mystery. I find that reading helps me relax and escape into different worlds. I also like learning new things, so I often read educational articles and watch documentaries. In addition to reading, I enjoy listening to music. Music has the power to lift my mood, and I love listening to different genres, including pop, classical, and traditional music. I also like spending time with my family and friends. Socializing with the people I care about is important to me, and I love going out for meals or just hanging out together. Sometimes, I enjoy going to parks or visiting new places to explore nature. Traveling to new destinations and experiencing different cultures is something that excites me a lot. When it comes to food, I have a fondness for traditional dishes. I love eating rice, curries, and sweets. These foods remind me of my roots and always make me feel at home. I am also a fan of fresh fruits and vegetables, which I try to include in my daily diet for a healthy lifestyle. However, there are also some things I dislike. One thing I don’t like is loud noise. It can be very distracting and makes it hard for me to concentrate. I also dislike people who are rude or disrespectful, as I believe in treating everyone with kindness and respect. I am not fond of procrastination either. I prefer staying organized and getting things done on time. Overall, my likes and dislikes are a part of who I am. They shape my daily activities and guide my choices in life. Even though everyone has different preferences, I believe it’s important to respect each other’s opinions and differences. Translation: আমার পছন্দ এবং অপছন্দ একজন পুরুষ হিসেবে আমার নিজের পছন্দ এবং অপছন্দ রয়েছে। এগুলি অন্যদের থেকে আলাদা হতে পারে। পছন্দ এবং অপছন্দ পরিস্থিতি এবং পরিবেশগত অবস্থার ওপর নির্ভর করে। পারিবারিক এবং সামাজিক অবস্থা আমার পছন্দ এবং অপছন্দে প্রভাব ফেলতে পারে। বিশেষ করে পিতামাতার প্রভাব এই ক্ষেত্রে ভাল কাজ করে। আমি একটি সম্মানিত পরিবারে জন্মেছি। ছোটবেলা থেকেই আমি আমার প্রার্থনা পড়ার অভ্যাসে ছিলাম। একদিন যদি আমি প্রার্থনা পড়তে ব্যর্থ হতাম, আমাকে শারীরিক শাস্তি দেওয়া হত। তাই এটি স্বাভাবিক যে প্রার্থনা পড়া আমার পছন্দের একটি কাজ। যখন আমি আমার গ্রাম্য বাড়িতে ছিলাম, তখন আমি পুকুর এবং ডোবায় মাছ ধরতে ভালোবাসতাম। তবে আমি অন্যের কিছু নষ্ট করতে অপছন্দ করতাম। আমি কখনোই যাত্রা, ঝারিগান, কবিগান যেগুলি একসময় গ্রামীণ এলাকায় খুব জনপ্রিয় ছিল, তাতে যেতে ভালোবাসতাম না। ছোটবেলায় আমি স্কুলে অনুপস্থিত থাকতে অপছন্দ করতাম। আমি নানা ধরনের খেলা যেমন হা-ডু-ডু, কাবাডি, ফুটবল এবং লাঠি খেলা খেলতে ভালোবাসতাম। অন্যদিকে আমি তাস বা দাবা খেলা অপছন্দ করতাম। তবে এখন আমি দাবাও খেলি। জীবনের প্রথম দিকে আমি সকাল ৬টায় উঠতাম কিন্তু বিছানা ছাড়তে অলস বোধ করতাম। যখন উঠতাম তখন ৬:৩০ বাজত। আমি আমার সাধারণ নাস্তায় সিরিয়াল এবং দুধ খেতাম। আমি চাইতাম যে প্রতিদিন সকালে আমি একধরনের নাস্তা খাই। এখন আমি জীবনের একটি নির্দিষ্ট পর্যায়ে পৌঁছেছি। আমি আমার পরিবার নিয়ে খুবই খুশি। আমি আমার মাকে গৃহস্থালী কাজ করতে সাহায্য করতে ভালোবাসি। আমি আমার বাবার সঙ্গে ক্ষেত-খামারে কাজ করতে ভালোবাসি। আমি অন্যদের সঙ্গে তর্ক করা অপছন্দ করি। খাওয়ার ব্যাপারে, আমি সবচেয়ে বেশি শাকসবজি খেতে ভালোবাসি। মাঝে মাঝে আমি মাংস এবং মাছ যেমন হিলসা মাছ খেতে ভালোবাসি। আমি টিভি প্রোগ্রাম দেখতে ভালোবাসি। তবে এখন আমি আর কার্টুন দেখতে ভালোবাসি না, কারণ সেগুলি সত্যিই শিশুতোষ। আমি বন্ধু এবং সহপাঠীদের সঙ্গে খেলতে ভালোবাসি। আমি যা পছন্দ করি তা অন্যরা নাও পছন্দ করতে পারে। আবার আমি যা অপছন্দ করি, তা অন্যরা পছন্দও করতে পারে। সবশেষে আমি বলতে পারি, আমি যা ভালো মনে করি এবং যা সমাজের জন্য উপকারী তা পছন্দ করি এবং যা আমাকে এবং সমাজকে ক্ষতি করতে পারে তা অপছন্দ করি। মোটকথা, আমার পছন্দ এবং অপছন্দ আমার একটি অংশ। এগুলি আমার দৈনন্দিন কার্যক্রম এবং জীবনযাত্রার সিদ্ধান্তকে প্রভাবিত করে। যদিও সকলের পছন্দ ভিন্ন, আমি বিশ্বাস করি যে একে অপরের মতামত এবং পার্থক্যকে সম্মান করা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। Vocabulary: 60 vocabulary words, along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings, related to the content on "My Likings and Dislikings": English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Likings পছন্দ पसंद Dislikings অপছন্দ नापसंद Influence প্রভাব प्रभाव Situation পরিস্থিতি स्थिति Environmental পরিবেশগত पर्यावरणीय Conditions শর্তাবলী शर्तें Parental পিতামাতার माता-पिता से संबंधित Respectable সম্মানজনক सम्मानजनक Family পরিবার परिवार Childhood শৈশব बचपन Habit অভ্যাস आदत Saving সঞ্চয় बचत Prayer প্রার্থনা प्रार्थना Punishment শাস্তি दंड Natural প্রাকৃতিক प्राकृतिक Catch ধরনা पकड़ना Fish মাছ मछली Hooks হুক हुक Ponds পুকুর पोखर Dislike অপছন্দ করা नापसंद करना Destroy ধ্বংস করা नष्ट करना Jatra যাত্রা यात्रा Jarigan যাত্রীগান यात्रा गीत Kabigan কবিগান कवि गीत Rural গ্রামীণ ग्रामीण Absent অনুপস্থিত अनुपस्थित School বিদ্যালয় स्कूल Game খেলা खेल Ha-du-du হা-ডু-ডু हा-डू-डू Kabadi কাবাডি कबड्डी Lathi Khela লাঠি খেলা लाठी खेला Cards তাস ताश Chess দাবা शतरंज Breakfast প্রাতঃরাশ नाश्ता Cereal শস্যদানা अनाज Milk দুধ दूध Meat মাংস मांस Fish (Hilsha) মাছ (ইলিশ) मछली (हिल्सा) TV Programs টিভি প্রোগ্রাম टीवी कार्यक्रम Cartoons কার্টুন कार्टून Classmates সহপাঠী सहपाठी Society সমাজ समाज Harm ক্ষতি नुकसान Respect সম্মান सम्मान Disagree একমত না হওয়া असहमत होना Relax বিশ্রাম आराम Escape পালানো बचना Documentary প্রামাণ্যচিত্র वृत्तचित्र Music সঙ্গীত संगीत Mood মেজাজ मूड Pop পপ पॉप Classical ক্লাসিক্যাল शास्त्रीय Traditional ঐতিহ্যগত पारंपरिक Socializing সামাজিকতা सामाजिकता Meals খাবার भोजन Hanging Out আড্ডা দেওয়া गपशप करना Parks উদ্যান उद्यान Nature প্রকৃতি प्रकृति Traveling ভ্রমণ यात्रा Destination গন্তব্য गंतव्य Culture সংস্কৃতি संस्कृति Loud উচ্চস্বরে जोर से Noise শব্দ शोर Concentrate মনোযোগী হওয়া ध्यान केंद्रित करना Rude অশোভন असभ्य Disrespectful অসম্মানজনক अपमानजनक Procrastination পরিত্যাগ टालमटोल Organized সুশৃঙ্খল संगठित Get Things Done কাজ শেষ করা काम पूरा करना Personality ব্যক্তিত্ব व्यक्तित्व Interests আগ্রহ रुचियां Reflect প্রতিফলিত করা प्रतिबिंबित करना Socializing সামাজিকতা सामाजिकता Important গুরুত্বপূর্ণ महत्वपूर्ण Opinions মতামত राय Differences পার্থক্য अंतर

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing THE NATIONAL DAYS OF BANGLADESH Every nation has a few days which are national in character. They are nationally important and significant. On these days the nations holidays and the people become happy as well as mournful. The first day enjoys the Shaheed Day, the Victory Day, the Independence Day, include these days. Every year the people of Bangladesh celebrate these days in a grand manner. We observe the Pahela Baishakh as one of the national days on the first day of the first month of Bangla new vear known as 'Nababarsha'. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. The day is a public holiday. The day's first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul. Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation organises the programme. A large number of people, wearing taditional dresses attend the programme. Bangla Academy, the Institute of Fine Arts bring out a colourful procession from their premises at 9-30 a.m. carrying festoons, placards, posters, banners and wear masks to welcome the Bangla New Year. The 21st of February is an immortal day for us. This is also one of our national days. It is called the 'Shaheed Day' which means the 'Martyrs Day'. It is also known as the Ian uage day. On this day the Banglees pay glowing tribute to the sacred memory of martyrs who sacrificed their lives for theBangla language in 1952 . The Shaheed Day bears a great significance in the history of our nation. It is an eternal source of inspiration to us all. On this day we renew the pledge for the unity of the people to rise against all sorts of oppression and injustice. At present. this day is observed all over the world as the International Mother Language Day. The Victory Dar is another important national day of our country. This day is celebrated on the 16th of December every year. On this day. Bangladesh emerged as an independent sovereign country. We celebrate the day with due solemnity. The 26th of March is our Independence Day. The day is a public holiday, too. A national committee sit in a meeting and chalk out an clabarate programme to celebrate Independence Day in a befitting manner. We have a rich cultural heritage and the observance of our national days bears testimony to our rich culture and tradition. These national days remind the people of Bangladesh of their struggles and achievements. They serve as a source of inspiration and unity, reminding everyone of the importance of freedom, language, and national pride. THE NATIONAL DAYS OF BANGLADESH The national days of Bangladesh are deeply meaningful and reflect the country’s history, culture, and struggles for independence. These days are celebrated with great pride and enthusiasm across the nation. Among them, three stand out as the most significant: International Mother Language Day, Independence Day, and Victory Day. International Mother Language Day, observed on February 21, is a day of remembrance and honor. It commemorates the Language Movement of 1952, when the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) fought to have Bangla recognized as one of the state languages. On this day, several students lost their lives in protests. Their sacrifice is honored annually with solemn ceremonies, where people visit the Shaheed Minar (Martyrs' Monument) and place flowers as a tribute. This day is also recognized globally to promote linguistic and cultural diversity. Independence Day, celebrated on March 26, marks the beginning of Bangladesh’s struggle for independence from Pakistan in 1971. It was on this day that the declaration of independence was made, leading to the Liberation War. The day is filled with patriotic events, parades, and cultural programs. Government buildings and streets are decorated with lights and flags, and people pay respect to the war heroes at the National Memorial in Savar. Victory Day, observed on December 16, celebrates the victory of Bangladesh in the Liberation War. On this day in 1971, the Pakistani army surrendered, marking the end of the war and the birth of an independent Bangladesh. Victory Day is a time of great celebration, with parades, cultural events, and speeches honoring the sacrifices of the freedom fighters. These national days remind the people of Bangladesh of their struggles and achievements. They serve as a source of inspiration and unity, reminding everyone of the importance of freedom, language, and national pride. Vocabulary: 60 vocabulary words related to "The National Days of Bangladesh," along with their English, Bangla, and Hindi meanings: English Word Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Nation জাতি राष्ट्र National জাতীয় राष्ट्रीय Character চরিত্র चरित्र Significant গুরুত্বপূর্ণ महत्वपूर्ण Holidays ছুটি छुट्टियाँ Celebrate উদযাপন করা मनाना Shaheed Day শহীদ দিবস शहीद दिवस Victory Day বিজয় দিবস विजय दिवस Independence Day স্বাধীনতা দিবস स्वतंत्रता दिवस Pahela Baishakh পহেলা বৈশাখ पोइला बैशाख Festivities উৎসব उत्सव Public Holiday সরকারি ছুটি सार्वजनिक अवकाश Programme অনুষ্ঠান कार्यक्रम Dawn ভোর सुबह Cultural Organization সাংস্কৃতিক সংস্থা सांस्कृतिक संगठन Traditional ঐতিহ্যবাহী पारंपरिक Dress পোশাক पोशाक Procession মিছিল जुलूस Festoons ব্যানার पताकाएँ Placards ফেস্টুন तख्तियाँ Posters পোস্টার पोस्टर Masks মুখোশ मुखौटे New Year নববর্ষ नया साल Immortal অমর अमर Tribute শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি श्रद्धांजलि Martyrs শহীদ शहीद Sacrifice ত্যাগ बलिदान Language Movement ভাষা আন্দোলন भाषा आंदोलन Eternal চিরন্তন शाश्वत Inspiration অনুপ্রেরণা प्रेरणा Unity ঐক্য एकता Oppression নিপীড়ন उत्पीड़न Injustice অবিচার अन्याय International আন্তর্জাতিক अंतर्राष्ट्रीय Memorial স্মৃতিসৌধ स्मारक Liberation War মুক্তিযুদ্ধ स्वतंत्रता संग्राम Sovereign স্বাধীন संप्रभु Committee কমিটি समिति Elaborate বিশদ विस्तृत Programme কর্মসূচি कार्यक्रम Befitting যথাযথ उपयुक्त Rich Heritage সমৃদ্ধ ঐতিহ্য समृद्ध विरासत Culture সংস্কৃতি संस्कृति Tradition ঐতিহ্য परंपरा Remind স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয় याद दिलाना Struggles সংগ্রাম संघर्ष Achievements অর্জন उपलब्धियाँ Pride গর্ব गर्व Linguistic ভাষাগত भाषाई Diversity বৈচিত্র্য विविधता Sovereignty সার্বভৌমত্ব संप्रभुता Freedom Fighters মুক্তিযোদ্ধা स्वतंत्रता सेनानी Public Holiday সরকারি ছুটি सार्वजनिक अवकाश Flags পতাকা झंडे Parades কুচকাওয়াজ परेड Speeches ভাষণ भाषण Government Buildings সরকারি ভবন सरकारी इमारतें Glow জ্বলে ওঠা चमकना Eternal শাশ্বত शाश्वत

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing PAPER Paper is one of the most valuable creations of human skill. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives and has greatly contributed to the advancement of human civilization. The invention of paper has made writing easier and more accessible. Today, it is difficult to imagine a single day without using paper in some form. The word 'paper' originates from 'papyrus,' a plant that grows along the Nile River. The ancient Egyptians made early forms of paper by beating, sticking, and polishing this plant. Modern paper, however, was invented in China. The Chinese shared this knowledge with the Arabs, who later introduced paper-making to Europe. Paper comes in various types and sizes. Examples include newsprint, white printing paper, tracing paper, and tissue paper. It can also be found in different sizes like foolscap, demy, and royal. Coloured paper is commonly used for decoration, while tissue paper serves more modern needs. Foolscap-sized paper is widely used for writing and printing books. In the past, paper was made by hand, but now it is mass-produced in mills. The process involves raw materials such as rags, straw, bamboo, and wood. These materials are cut into small pieces, soaked in water, and mixed with soda and lime to remove dirt and grease. They are then boiled and ground into a paste. This pulp is spread out, rolled flat, and dried to create sheets of paper. Paper has countless uses. It is essential for education, as books, newspapers, and magazines are printed on it. Offices and businesses use paper for record-keeping, while banknotes are also made from paper. It is used to create packaging, toys, and various decorative items. In every aspect of life—education, business, and communication—paper plays a significant role. In Bangladesh, the importance of paper is evident in the establishment of large paper mills. The Chandraghona Paper Mill in Rangamati is the largest in Asia, while the Khulna Newsprint Mill and the Pakshi Paper Mill are also significant producers. In summary, paper is a remarkable invention that has transformed human life. Without it, education and civilization would not have progressed as they have. We owe a debt of gratitude to those who developed this essential tool. PAPER Introduction: Paper is the most useful gift of human skill. It is the part and parcel of our day to -day life and plays a vital role in the development of human civilization. The invention of paper has removed our difficulties, especially in writing. We cannot do even a single day without paper. Its history: The word 'paper' comes from the term 'papyrus', a kind of grass that grows by the river Nile. The Egyptians made paper by sticking, beating and polishing the grass. Modern paper was invented in China. The Arabs learnt the art of making paper from the Chinese. They introduced it in Europe. Kinds: Paper is of different kinds according to sizes and colours like newsprint, white print, tracing, brown paper, blotting paper, manilla paper, decorating-paper and so on. According to sizes there are foolscap, demy, double crown, royal and so on. Tissue paper is also a modern invention. Paper of the foolscap size is generally used in writing books. Coloured paper is used for decoration and fancy goods. How it is made: Previously paper was made in hands. At present it is made in mills. Paper is usually made of rags, grass, straw, bamboo and wood. The waste paper is again utilized to make paper. At first the raw materials are cut into small pieces, kept in water. Then they are grinded and mixed with soda and lime. Thus they are cleaned of grease and dirt. Then they are boiled and made into paste by machine. These pulps are poured into vessels which are flat and smooth. They are evenly rolled with rollers and paper is thus made. Usefulness: Paper is very useful to us. Education would not develop without paper. The learners and the learned people cannot do without paper. Our books, newspapers and magazines are printed on paper. It is used for keeping office records. Trade cannot run perfectly if transactions are not made through paper. Bank notes are made paper. It is also used for making boxes, toys and pictures etc. In a word, paper is used in schools, colleges, universities, offices, courts, press, printing and in every walk of life. Paper Mills in Bangladesh: Formerly the people of Indo-Bangladesh used to write on leaves and barks of trees. At present Bangladesh is self sufficient in paper. In Bangladesh we have got a very large mill in the Rangamati District. This Chandraghona paper mill is the largest in Asia. The Khulna Newsprint Paper Mill is also big. There is another paper mill at Pakshi. Conclusion: Paper is a great blessing to us. Had there been no paper, our education and civilisation would not have been able to make so marked progress. So, we should be grateful to those who invented it. Key Points: Paper Significance: Crucial for daily life, education, business, and communication. Origin: Derived from 'papyrus'; modern paper invented in China and spread by Arabs. Types and Sizes: Includes newsprint, tracing paper, tissue paper; sizes like foolscap and royal. Production: Made from materials like rags, straw, bamboo, and wood; mass-produced in mills. Uses: Printing books, newspapers, banknotes, packaging, decoration, and record-keeping. Bangladesh Context: Key mills include Chandraghona Paper Mill (largest in Asia), Khulna Newsprint Mill, and Pakshi Paper Mill. Conclusion: A transformative invention that has advanced education and civilization. Translation: ভূমিকা: কাগজ মানব দক্ষতার সবচেয়ে উপযোগী উপহার। এটি আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের অপরিহার্য অংশ এবং মানব সভ্যতার বিকাশে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। কাগজের আবিষ্কার আমাদের বিশেষত লেখার ক্ষেত্রে অনেক সমস্যার সমাধান করেছে। আমরা কাগজ ছাড়া একদিনও চলতে পারি না। ইতিহাস: 'কাগজ' শব্দটি এসেছে 'প্যাপিরাস' থেকে, যা নীল নদীর তীরে জন্মানো একপ্রকার ঘাস। মিশরীয়রা ঘাসটিকে আঠালো করে, পিটিয়ে এবং মসৃণ করে কাগজ তৈরি করত। আধুনিক কাগজ চীনে উদ্ভাবিত হয়। আরবরা চীনাদের কাছ থেকে কাগজ তৈরির কৌশল শিখেছিল এবং ইউরোপে তা প্রবর্তন করেছিল। প্রকারভেদ: কাগজ আকার ও রঙ অনুযায়ী বিভিন্ন ধরনের হয়, যেমন সংবাদপত্রের কাগজ, সাদা মুদ্রণ কাগজ, ট্রেসিং পেপার, বাদামি কাগজ, ব্লটিং পেপার, ম্যানিলা পেপার, সজ্জিত কাগজ ইত্যাদি। আকার অনুযায়ী ফুলস্ক্যাপ, ডেমি, ডাবল ক্রাউন, রয়্যাল ইত্যাদি কাগজ রয়েছে। টিস্যু পেপারও একটি আধুনিক উদ্ভাবন। সাধারণত ফুলস্ক্যাপ আকারের কাগজ বই লেখার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়। রঙিন কাগজ সাজসজ্জা ও শৌখিন সামগ্রী তৈরিতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। কাগজ তৈরির পদ্ধতি: আগে কাগজ হাতে তৈরি হতো। বর্তমানে এটি মিলগুলোতে তৈরি হয়। সাধারণত কাগজ তৈরির জন্য জীর্ণ বস্ত্র, ঘাস, খড়, বাঁশ ও কাঠ ব্যবহার করা হয়। বর্জ্য কাগজও পুনরায় ব্যবহার করা হয়। প্রথমে কাঁচামাল ছোট ছোট টুকরো করে পানিতে ভিজিয়ে রাখা হয়। তারপর এগুলো পিষে সোডা ও চুন দিয়ে মেশানো হয়, যাতে চর্বি ও ময়লা পরিষ্কার হয়। পরে এগুলো সিদ্ধ করে যন্ত্রের সাহায্যে মণ্ডে পরিণত করা হয়। এই মণ্ডগুলো মসৃণ পাত্রে ঢেলে সমানভাবে রোলার দিয়ে গড়িয়ে কাগজ তৈরি করা হয়। উপযোগিতা: কাগজ আমাদের জীবনে খুবই উপকারী। কাগজ ছাড়া শিক্ষা বিকাশ লাভ করতে পারত না। শিক্ষার্থী এবং শিক্ষিত মানুষ কাগজ ছাড়া চলতে পারে না। আমাদের বই, সংবাদপত্র এবং ম্যাগাজিন কাগজে মুদ্রিত হয়। অফিসের নথিপত্র সংরক্ষণেও কাগজ ব্যবহৃত হয়। ব্যবসা-বাণিজ্য কাগজ ছাড়া সঠিকভাবে চলতে পারে না। ব্যাংকের নোট কাগজ দিয়ে তৈরি। এছাড়াও কাগজ বাক্স, খেলনা, ছবি ইত্যাদি তৈরিতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। সংক্ষেপে, কাগজ স্কুল, কলেজ, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, অফিস, আদালত, প্রেস, মুদ্রণ এবং জীবনের প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়। বাংলাদেশে কাগজ কল: আগে ভারত ও বাংলাদেশে মানুষ গাছের পাতা ও ছালে লিখত। বর্তমানে বাংলাদেশ কাগজে স্বয়ংসম্পূর্ণ। বাংলাদেশের রাঙামাটি জেলায় চন্দ্রঘোনা কাগজ কল অবস্থিত, যা এশিয়ার সবচেয়ে বড় কাগজ কল। খুলনা নিউজপ্রিন্ট কাগজ কলও বড়। পাকশীতে আরেকটি কাগজ কল রয়েছে। উপসংহার: কাগজ আমাদের জন্য এক মহান আশীর্বাদ। কাগজ না থাকলে আমাদের শিক্ষা ও সভ্যতা এতটা অগ্রগতি লাভ করতে পারত না। তাই যারা এটি আবিষ্কার করেছেন তাদের প্রতি আমাদের কৃতজ্ঞ থাকা উচিত। Vocabulary: Word/Phrase Meaning in English Meaning in Bangla Meaning in Hindi Paper Thin material used for writing, printing কাগজ कागज Civilization Advanced human society সভ্যতা सभ्यता Invention The creation of something new আবিষ্কার आविष्कार Accessible Easy to reach or use প্রবেশযোগ্য सुलभ Papyrus Ancient writing material from a plant প্যাপিরাস पपीरस Egyptians People from Egypt মিসরীয় मिस्रवासी Beating Striking repeatedly মারপিট पीटना Polishing Making smooth or shiny পালিশ चमकाना Mill A building for manufacturing কারখানা मिल Raw materials Basic substances for making something কাঁচামাল कच्चा माल Rags Old, torn cloth চিটে কাপড় चिथड़े Straw Dried stalks of grain খড় भूसा Bamboo Tall, woody grass বাঁশ बांस Paste Thick, soft substance মণ্ড गूदा Pulps Soft, wet mass মণ্ড गूदा Rollers Cylindrical devices for flattening রোলার रोलर्स Sheets Thin, flat pieces চাদর शीट Newsprint Paper for printing newspapers খবরের কাগজ अखबार का कागज Tissue paper Soft, thin paper টিস্যু পেপার टिशू पेपर Foolscap Standard paper size ফুলস্ক্যাপ কাগজ फुलस्कैप कागज Demy Medium-sized paper ডেমি কাগজ डेमी कागज Education Process of acquiring knowledge শিক্ষা शिक्षा Banknotes Paper currency নোট कागजी मुद्रा Packaging Materials used to wrap items প্যাকেজিং पैकेजिंग Decoration Ornamental arrangement সজ্জা सजावट Chandraghona Largest paper mill in Bangladesh চন্দ্রঘোনা चंद्रघोना Rangamati A district in Bangladesh রাঙ্গামাটি रंगामाटी Khulna City with a large newsprint mill খুলনা खुलना Pakshi Location of another paper mill পাকশী पाक्षी Crucial Very important অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण Contribution Act of giving or helping অবদান योगदान Ancient Very old, from early history প্রাচীন प्राचीन Introduction Beginning or opening of something পরিচিতি परिचय Coloured Having a particular color রঙিন रंगीन Fancy Decorative or elaborate অলঙ্কারযুক্ত सजीला Modern Related to present times আধুনিক आधुनिक Learners People who are learning শিক্ষার্থীরা सीखने वाले Utilized Used effectively ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে उपयोग किया गया Transactions Business exchanges লেনদেন लेन-देन Grease Oily substance চর্বি चिकनाई Soda Chemical used in paper-making সোডা सोडा Lime Calcium-based substance চুন चूना Vessel Container for holding liquid পাত্র पात्र Smooth Even and without roughness মসৃণ चिकना Education System of teaching and learning শিক্ষা शिक्षा Learners Students শিক্ষার্থীরা विद्यार्थी Magazines Periodical publications ম্যাগাজিন पत्रिकाएँ Record-keeping Maintaining records রেকর্ড রাখা रिकॉर्ड रखना Office Place where business is conducted অফিস कार्यालय Business Commercial activity ব্যবসা व्यापार Books Printed works বই किताबें Press Place where printing is done প্রেস प्रेस Courts Judicial institutions আদালত अदालत Communication Exchange of information যোগাযোগ संचार Self-sufficient Independent in production স্বনির্ভর आत्मनिर्भर Gratitude Thankfulness কৃতজ্ঞতা आभार Blessing A beneficial thing আশীর্বাদ आशीर्वाद

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing PERSEVERANCE Perseverance is the constant effort to achieve something great. In other words it is the continuation of a difficult and tiring work until one comes out successful. It is the comer stone of success. The way to gain any apparently impossible thing is perseverance. The task that is easily done at the first attempt is undoubtedly very easy. But the reality is that man's success depends on whether he can do the toughest task successfully. This is because our life is getting complicated and tough day by day and to succeed in this tough battle perseverance and hard work is a must. Perseverance is a unique pre-condition of success in life. It helps us to do what we otherwise would consider impossible to do. If we are not persevering we cannot do anything productively. It helps us to prepare actively for the future. In an educational institution it is not always the cleverest boy that takes the prizes. They are often won by a steady plodder like the tortoise of average intelligence. The bold king of Scotland, Robert Bruce has left us a thrilling example of perseverance. Once, after being defeated several times by the English, he was forced to hide himself in a temporary exile. But he, in no way gave up his intention to beat back the English from his motherland. One day while in deep meditation about how he could wage a successful war again, he found that a spider, having made attempts to make its web six times and failed, was eventually successful at the seventh attempt. On seeing this the king learnt a lesson. He applied that experience of the spider in his own life and was successful. He attacked the English for the seventh time and was able to defeat them and regain freedom of his motherland. To be persevering, we need to be steady, industrious, punctual and disciplined in our daily life. When we shall be committed to our mission we shall be persevering. We need to be careful of these matters. Perseverance is the key to all success. It is needed not only in the individual level, but also in the social and national level. If we all are persevering in whatever we do, we are sure to stand out as a successful nation in the near future. Perseverance: The Key to Success Perseverance is the ability to keep going despite difficulties, failures, or obstacles. It means not giving up, even when things get tough. This quality is important for achieving goals and succeeding in life. Without perseverance, we may give up too soon and miss out on great opportunities. One of the most important aspects of perseverance is patience. When we set a goal, it is not always easy to reach it quickly. We might face setbacks, mistakes, or times when things do not go as planned. However, perseverance helps us stay focused on our goal and keep trying until we succeed. Famous examples of perseverance can be seen in the lives of great people like Thomas Edison, who failed many times before inventing the light bulb, or Michael Jordan, who was cut from his high school basketball team but later became one of the best players in history. Perseverance also teaches us to learn from failure. Instead of seeing failure as the end, we should see it as a lesson to improve. Each time we face a challenge and keep going, we become stronger and more skilled. It is through perseverance that we develop the mental strength to overcome any situation. In daily life, perseverance can be seen in many areas, such as studying, sports, or even personal relationships. For example, a student might fail an exam, but by studying harder and not giving up, they can pass next time. Similarly, athletes train for years to reach their goals, and many of them face setbacks along the way. In conclusion, perseverance is an essential quality for achieving success. It helps us stay focused, overcome obstacles, and learn from our mistakes. No matter how difficult life may seem, perseverance can lead us to reach our dreams. Translation: ধৈর্য্য ধৈর্য্য হল কিছু বড় অর্জন করার জন্য ক্রমাগত প্রচেষ্টা। অন্য কথায়, এটি একটি কঠিন এবং ক্লান্তিকর কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা, যতক্ষণ না একজন সফল হয়। এটি সাফল্যের মূল ভিত্তি। যে কোনো একে আপেক্ষিক অসম্ভব বিষয় অর্জনের পথ হল ধৈর্য্য। যে কাজটি প্রথম চেষ্টায় সহজেই সম্পন্ন করা যায়, তা নিঃসন্দেহে খুব সহজ। কিন্তু বাস্তবতা হল, একজন মানুষের সাফল্য তার উপর নির্ভর করে যে সে সবচেয়ে কঠিন কাজটি সফলভাবে করতে পারে কিনা। কারণ আমাদের জীবন প্রতিদিনই জটিল এবং কঠিন হয়ে উঠছে এবং এই কঠিন যুদ্ধে সফল হওয়ার জন্য ধৈর্য্য এবং কঠোর পরিশ্রম আবশ্যক। ধৈর্য্য হল জীবনের সফলতার এক অনন্য পূর্বশর্ত। এটি আমাদের সেই কাজগুলো করতে সাহায্য করে, যা আমরা অন্যথায় অসম্ভব মনে করতাম। যদি আমরা ধৈর্য্য ধারণ না করি, তবে আমরা কিছুই উৎপাদনশীলভাবে করতে পারব না। এটি আমাদের ভবিষ্যতের জন্য সক্রিয়ভাবে প্রস্তুতি নিতে সাহায্য করে। একটি শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানে, এটি সবসময় সেরা ছাত্রই পুরস্কৃত হয় না। অনেক সময় এটি জয়ী হয় সেই ধারাবাহিক পরিশ্রমী ছাত্র, যেমন গড় বুদ্ধির কচ্ছপ। স্কটল্যান্ডের সাহসী রাজা, রবার্ট ব্রুস আমাদের ধৈর্য্যের একটি উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ উদাহরণ রেখে গেছেন। একবার, ইংরেজদের দ্বারা একাধিক বার পরাজিত হয়ে, তিনি অস্থায়ীভাবে নির্বাসনে চলে যেতে বাধ্য হন। তবে তিনি তার মাতৃভূমি থেকে ইংরেজদের উৎখাত করার সিদ্ধান্ত থেকে একটুও সরে যাননি। একদিন, যখন তিনি গভীরভাবে ভাবছিলেন কিভাবে আবার সফলভাবে যুদ্ধ শুরু করা সম্ভব হবে, তিনি দেখেন একটি মাকড়সা তার জাল ছয়বার বানাতে চেষ্টা করেছে কিন্তু ব্যর্থ হয়েছে। তবে সপ্তম বার সে সফল হয়। এটি দেখে রাজা একটি শিক্ষা লাভ করেন। তিনি মাকড়সার অভিজ্ঞতাটি নিজের জীবনে প্রয়োগ করেন এবং সফল হন। তিনি সপ্তমবার ইংরেজদের আক্রমণ করেন এবং তাদের পরাজিত করে মাতৃভূমির স্বাধীনতা পুনরুদ্ধার করেন। ধৈর্য্য ধারণ করার জন্য আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনে স্থির, পরিশ্রমী, সময়ানুবর্তী এবং শৃঙ্খলাবদ্ধ হতে হবে। যখন আমরা আমাদের লক্ষ্য পূরণের প্রতি প্রতিশ্রুতিবদ্ধ হব, তখন আমরা ধৈর্য্যশীল হব। এই বিষয়গুলোকে আমাদের সতর্কভাবে পালন করতে হবে। ধৈর্য্য হল সমস্ত সফলতার চাবি। এটি শুধুমাত্র ব্যক্তিগত স্তরে নয়, সামাজিক এবং জাতীয় স্তরে প্রয়োজন। যদি আমরা সবাই যা কিছু করি তাতে ধৈর্য্য ধারণ করি, আমরা নিশ্চিতভাবে খুব শীঘ্রই একটি সফল জাতি হিসেবে আত্মপ্রকাশ করব। Vocabulary: 80 vocabulary words from the text on "Perseverance and Achieving Success" along with their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Perseverance Continued effort despite difficulties অধ্যবসায় (Adhyoboshay) धैर्य (Dharya) Important Of great significance or value গুরুত্বপূর্ণ (Gôroto) महत्वपूर्ण (Mahattvapurn) Achieving Successfully reaching a goal অর্জন করা (Arjon Kora) प्राप्त करना (Prapt Karna) Goals Desired results or outcomes লক্ষ্য (Lokkho) लक्ष्य (Lakshya) Succeeding To achieve the desired result সফল হওয়া (Shôfol Hoya) सफलता प्राप्त करना (Safalta Prapt Karna) Without In the absence of ছাড়া (Chara) बिना (Bina) Give up To stop trying or abandon effort হাল ছাড়া (Hal Chara) हार मानना (Har Manna) Opportunities Chances for advancement or progress সুযোগ (Shujog) अवसर (Avasar) Aspects Parts or features of something দিক (Dik) पहलू (Pehlu) Patience The ability to wait calmly without getting frustrated ধৈর্য (Dhoirjo) धैर्य (Dharya) Setbacks Problems or obstacles that delay progress বাধা (Bādha) विघ्न (Vighn) Mistakes Actions that are incorrect or wrong ভুল (Bhul) गलतियाँ (Galtiyan) Planned Intended or arranged in advance পরিকল্পনা করা (Pôrikolpona Kora) योजनाबद्ध (Yojanabaddh) Focus To concentrate attention on something মনোযোগ (Monojog) ध्यान केंद्रित करना (Dhyan Kendrit Karna) Trying Making an effort to do something চেষ্টা করা (Cheshta Kora) प्रयास करना (Prayas Karna) Famous Well known or celebrated বিখ্যাত (Bikhato) प्रसिद्ध (Prasiddh) Failure Lack of success or non-achievement ব্যর্থতা (Byôrthôta) असफलता (Asafalta) Lesson A piece of knowledge or experience gained from something পাঠ (Pôth) पाठ (Path) Improve To make something better or more effective উন্নতি করা (Unnôti Kora) सुधारना (Sudharna) Challenge A difficult task or situation চ্যালেঞ্জ (Chāyalenj) चुनौती (Chunauti) Stronger Having more strength or power শক্তিশালী (Shoktishali) मजबूत (Mazboot) Skilled Having the ability to do something well দক্ষ (Dokkho) कुशल (Kushal) Mental Relating to the mind or intellect মানসিক (Manoshik) मानसिक (Mansik) Strength The quality of being strong, physically or mentally শক্তি (Shokti) ताकत (Takat) Overcome To successfully deal with or defeat অতিক্রম করা (Atikram Kora) पार करना (Par Karna) Daily Occurring or used every day দৈনিক (Doinik) दैनिक (Dainik) Studying The act of learning or reviewing information অধ্যয়ন (Adhyayan) अध्ययन करना (Adhyayan Karna) Sports Physical activities that involve skill and competition খেলা (Khela) खेल (Khel) Relationships Connections or bonds between people সম্পর্ক (Shomporko) रिश्ते (Rishte) Exam A formal test of knowledge or ability পরীক্ষা (Porikha) परीक्षा (Pariksha) Harder With more effort or intensity কঠিন (Kothin) कठिन (Kathin) Pass To succeed in an exam or test উত্তীর্ণ হওয়া (Uttīrno Hoya) पास करना (Pass Karna) Train To teach or practice in order to improve প্রশিক্ষণ (Proshikhon) प्रशिक्षण (Prashikshan) Years A period of 365 days or 12 months বছর (Bochor) वर्ष (Varsh) Success The achievement of a desired outcome সফলতা (Shôfolôta) सफलता (Safalta) Keep going To continue moving or doing something চালিয়ে যাওয়া (Chaliye Jaoa) चलते रहना (Chalte Rehna) Improve To make better or enhance উন্নতি (Unnôti) सुधार (Sudhar) Become To begin to be or develop into হওয়া (Hoya) बनना (Banna) Strength The quality or state of being strong শক্তি (Shokti) ताकत (Takat) Skilled Having or showing skill or expertise দক্ষ (Dokkho) कुशल (Kushal) Each Every individual item or person প্রতিটি (Prôtiti) प्रत्येक (Pratyek) Lesson A learning experience or moral পাঠ (Pôth) पाठ (Path) Failure A lack of success or accomplishment ব্যর্থতা (Byôrthôta) असफलता (Asafalta) Success The accomplishment of an aim or purpose সফলতা (Shôfolôta) सफलता (Safalta) Reach To arrive at or achieve পৌঁছানো (Pôchano) पहुंचना (Pahuchna) Dreams Aspirations or desires স্বপ্ন (Swopno) सपने (Sapne) Life The existence of an individual or living organism জীবন (Jibon) जीवन (Jeevan) Setbacks Delays or problems that prevent success বাধা (Bādha) विघ्न (Vighn) Failure Not achieving success in something ব্যর্থতা (Byôrthôta) असफलता (Asafalta) Achievement The act of accomplishing something অর্জন (Arjon) उपलब्धि (Uplabhdhi) Effort The exertion of physical or mental energy প্রচেষ্টা (Prochesta) प्रयास (Prayas) Improvement The process of making something better উন্নতি (Unnôti) सुधार (Sudhar) Focused Concentrated attention মনোযোগী (Monojogi) ध्यान केंद्रित (Dhyan Kendrit) Never Not at any time কখনো না (Kôkhnô Na) कभी नहीं (Kabhi Nahi) Obstacles Things that block or hinder progress প্রতিবন্ধকতা (Prôtibôndhokôta) बाधाएँ (Badhayein) Hard Requiring a lot of effort or difficulty কঠিন (Kothin) कठिन (Kathin)

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing Power of Media: Mass Media and Politics The word ‘media’ usually refers to newspaper, television, and radio which are used to communicate with the mass of the people. They are the most frequently and effectively used media devices for informing the public as a whole. In today’s world of rapid change and much activity, people need to be kept informed. And hence the need for the media is felt. The press in America is sometimes referred to as the Fourth Estate. This term dates back to 18th-century Britain. It was meant to suggest that the press was a force in society and government equal to the three recognized “estates” of the time—the nobility, the clergy, and the commoners. Today the term still signifies that the press plays a special role in our system of government. That role, however, is both ambiguous and controversial. Journalists, after all, are not elected by the people. They are not even appointed or confirmed by elected officials. What gives these private citizens, working mostly for private corporations, the right to an influential role in how the country is governed? One answer some journalists like to give is that their profession is actually mentioned in the Constitution. The First Amendment guarantees “freedom of speech and of the press.” This freedom, they say, reflects the Founding Fathers’ recognition of the special role of the press. These days the press is often referred to as the media. Like “Fourth Estate,” the term “media” reflects a certain understanding about the role of the press in society. Media, the plural of medium, literally means the various technologies that convey information—from ink on paper to telephones and television to the Internet. Journalists themselves have contributed to this confusion by sometimes suggesting that they, unlike ordinary people, have a special duty and a special gift to draw no conclusions and have no opinions about the matters they cover. Of course they do not have such a gift—and therefore they cannot have such a duty. In many European countries, journalists and journalistic institutions have overt political labels. In a way, this is more honest. It doesn’t relieve the journalist of the duty to be fair and objective. But it does relieve him or her of the pretense of having no opinion. And it allows the reader or viewer to know what predisposition the journalist brings to the story. Issues of press responsibility, bias, and invasion of privacy have all been sharpened by the arrival of the Internet as a new force in the media. The Internet has changed things in at least two ways. First, it has speeded up the so-called news cycle—the time it takes for new developments to be reported. Second, it has lowered the barriers to entry: anyone with a computer and a modem can be a media mogul. These developments have increased competition in the press and, some argue, have lowered standards of reporting. Accuracy suffers from the rush to beat the competition, especially when beating the competition is a matter of minutes or seconds rather than hours or days. Increased competitive pressure also makes it harder for the media to maintain traditional taboos on subjects like the sex lives of politicians. New arrivals may not have the same standards of accuracy or discretion as traditional news media have had. Yet, once a piece of information is out on the Internet, it becomes hard for the media to ignore it. The Internet, as the newest powerful Fourth Estate in our society, is making information and argument more plentiful than ever. Media plays the effective role in building awareness among people. Programmes on public health, family planning, and sanitation are covered on media for the betterment of the nation. In the modern age the media have a close connection with entertainment. Various cultural and recreational programmes covered on media are very entertaining to people of various classes and ages. Important information like weather forecast, news about business world can easily reach people through media. Media is also the most effective weapon of the government’s propaganda and circulations. Thus media plays a significant role in our every moment of life. In today’s world we cannot conceive of a day when we do not come in contact with a television or radio programme or read some columns of some newspapers. Vocabulary: 80 vocabulary words from the text on "Power of Media: Mass Media and Politics" and their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Media Tools of communication such as television, radio, or print গণমাধ্যম (Gonmoddhom) मीडिया (Media) Mass A large number of people or things জনসাধারণ (Jonsadharon) जन (Jan) Communication The exchange of information or news যোগাযোগ (Jogajog) संचार (Sanchar) Inform To provide knowledge or news জানানো (Janano) सूचित करना (Soochit Karna) Effective Successful in producing a desired result কার্যকর (Karyokor) प्रभावी (Prabhavi) Press Journalism, newspapers, and magazines সংবাদপত্র (Shongbadpotro) प्रेस (Press) Fourth Estate The press or media seen as a powerful group in society চতুর্থ স্তম্ভ (Choturtho Stombo) चौथा दर्जा (Chautha Darja) Estate A social or political class or order স্তম্ভ (Stombo) दर्जा (Darja) Ambiguous Unclear or having multiple meanings অস্পষ্ট (Osposto) अस्पष्ट (Aspasht) Controversial Causing disagreement or public debate বিতর্কিত (Bitorkito) विवादास्पद (Vivadaspad) Journalist A person who writes for newspapers, magazines, etc. সাংবাদিক (Sangbadik) पत्रकार (Patrakar) Elected Chosen by voting নির্বাচিত (Nirbachito) चुना हुआ (Chuna Hua) Profession An occupation requiring specialized knowledge and skills পেশা (Pesha) पेशा (Pesha) Constitution A set of fundamental laws or principles সংবিধান (Songbidhan) संविधान (Samvidhan) Amendment A formal change or addition to a legal document সংশোধনী (Songshodhoni) संशोधन (Sanshodhan) Freedom The power or right to act or speak without restraint স্বাধীনতা (Swadhinota) स्वतंत्रता (Svatantrata) Guarantee A promise or assurance, especially one legally binding নিশ্চয়তা (Nishchoyota) गारंटी (Garantee) Reflect To show or represent something প্রতিফলিত করা (Protifolit Kora) प्रतिबिंबित करना (Pratibimbit Karna) Recognition Acknowledgment or identification স্বীকৃতি (Shwikrity) पहचान (Pehchan) Special Unique or particularly important বিশেষ (Bishesho) विशेष (Vishesha) Duties Obligations or responsibilities দায়িত্ব (Dayitto) कर्तव्य (Kartavya) Duty A moral or legal obligation কর্তব্য (Kortobyo) कर्तव्य (Kartavya) Gift A natural ability or talent উপহার (Uphar) उपहार (Uphaar) Conclusion A judgment or opinion formed after consideration উপসংহার (Uponghar) निष्कर्ष (Nishkarsh) Predisposition A tendency to behave in a particular way প্রবণতা (Prôbônotā) पूर्वाग्रह (Purvagrah) Bias A tendency to favor one thing over another পক্ষপাতিত্ব (Pokkho Patitto) पक्षपाती (Pakshapati) Invasion The act of entering a place in an unwelcome manner আক্রমণ (Akrômon) आक्रमण (Aakraman) Internet A global system of interconnected computers and networks ইন্টারনেট (Internet) इंटरनेट (Internet) Force A powerful influence or effect শক্তি (Shokti) शक्ति (Shakti) Cycle A sequence of events that is repeated regularly চক্র (Chôkrô) चक्र (Chakra) Speeded Made faster or more efficient দ্রুত করা (Druto Kora) तेज़ करना (Tez Karna) Barriers Obstacles or limits that hinder progress বাধা (Badhā) अवरोध (Avrodh) Entry The act of going into a place or becoming involved প্রবেশ (Probesh) प्रवेश (Pravesh) Mogul A powerful and influential person, especially in media ধনী ব্যক্তি (Dhôni Bektī) उद्योगपति (Udyogpati) Competition The act of competing or contesting প্রতিযোগিতা (Protiyogita) प्रतियोगिता (Pratiyogita) Accuracy The state of being correct or precise সঠিকতা (Sôthikota) शुद्धता (Shuddhata) Rush To move quickly and urgently তাড়াহুড়া (Tāṛāhuṛā) जल्दी करना (Jaldi Karna) Pressure The stress or tension resulting from competition or demands চাপ (Chāp) दबाव (Dabav) Maintain To continue or keep something in a certain state রক্ষা করা (Rokkha Kora) बनाए रखना (Banaye Rakhna) Taboos Prohibited or restricted things in a particular society নিষিদ্ধ বিষয় (Nishiddho Bishoy) वर्ज्य (Varjy) Discretion The quality of being careful about what one says or does বিচক্ষণতা (Bichokkhôṇotā) विवेक (Vivek) Arrival The act of coming to a place আগমন (Āgômon) आगमन (Aagman) Ignore To deliberately avoid noticing or paying attention to উপেক্ষা করা (Upeksha Kora) अनदेखा करना (Andekha Karna) Plentiful Available in large quantities প্রচুর (Pôtrush) प्रचुर (Prachur) Argument A reason or set of reasons given to persuade or explain যুক্তি (Jukti) तर्क (Tark) Building The act of constructing something নির্মাণ (Nirman) निर्माण (Nirman) Awareness Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact সচেতনতা (Shochētônotā) जागरूकता (Jagarukta) Public Health The health of the population as a whole জনস্বাস্থ্য (Jônswasthyo) सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य (Sārbajanik Svasthya) Sanitation The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease স্বাস্থ্যসেবা (Shasthyo Sheba) स्वच्छता (Swachhta) Government The group of people who rule or manage a country or state সরকার (Shorkar) सरकार (Sarkar) Propaganda Information, often misleading, used to promote a particular idea প্রচারণা (Pôchārônā) प्रचार (Prachaar) Circulations The number of copies of a newspaper or magazine sold প্রচলন (Pôchôlon) प्रसार (Prasar)

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing PRIVATE COACHING Education is a continuous process. In our country, there are two types of education which are prevailing. They are formal education and informal education. Private coaching is one type of informal education. It is held all over the country. People think that no private coaching means no education. Private coaching means individual teaching to any individual student at home or at any coaching centre. A student learns here how to avoid school activities. He can't give proper attention to school study. He is indirectly encouraged to avoid teachers and his lessons to be done in school. He thus neglects his class and sometimes keeps himself absent from school. He thinks that he need not go to school and do his homework given by his class teachers. As a result, he does not fare well in the normal examinations. A student who goes to a private coaching loses his interest in school duties. He fails to comply with his teacher's advice. He gets accustomed to carrying out his private tutor's advice in studies. He does not learn anything deeply and elaborately. He develops a habit of selected reading. This will spoil his educational career. So. I think. private coaching is of no use to a student who wants to be a good student. However. all private coachings are not bad. Some are good. Any student who fails to make out the meaning of any lesson can get a chance to understand it under a private tutor. A private tutor can help him understand the lesson or thing or topic that is not clear to him in the classroom. A good house tutor is a good guide and helping instrument to him. He can develop his private student the habit of critical study. But in our society good house tutors are very rare. Most of the house tutors are needy. So, they coach their students all the subjects at a time. This type of coaching brings no result at all. Rather it spoils the student's own potentiality and interest in study. But if they coach a particular subject that he knows well, he can impart good and effective coaching to their respective students. PRIVATE TUTORSHIP Nowadays private tutorship is a common affair and the guardians are interested to employ private tutors for their children's education at home so that they can achieve good results. It becomes a belief that children do well with the help of the private tutors. Private tutorship has become a disadvantage in respect of rendering sincere services in the institutions where the teachers are employed, because it has become a commercial profession. The teachers engaged in private tuition have found it more profitable than rendering painstaking services in their institutions. On the other hand, most educated men have found that private tuition is lucrative. Because of the selective suggestions of the private tutor, the students are blessed with good results though they learn a little and that little learning becomes a dangerous thing in their practical life. Elimination of private tutorship is not possible overnight. First, it needs a great awareness on the part of the guardians to make their wards become careful about future prospects. The school teachers should be paid a handsome salary so that they may concentrate on teaching the students in the classes. Extra classes should be taken to make up the deficiency of the students who are indifferent to studies. The school teachers should be given extra-incentives for extra-classes. Private tutorship should be discouraged. The students should be compelled to attend classes regularly and punctually. They should be given home tasks regularly. Private tutorship is a sharp threat to the traditional classroom teaching. In developed countries class room teaching is systematically stressed. To speak of a tutor, he loses his personality and his profession becomes a disreputable begging profession. Proper management can remove all problems regarding private tutorship. Vocabulary: 80 vocabulary words from the passage on Private Coaching and Private Tutorship, along with their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Continuous Ongoing, without interruption ধারাবাহিক (Dharabahik) निरंतर (Nirantar) Prevailing Existing or widespread প্রচলিত (Procholito) प्रचलित (Prachalit) Informal Not official or structured অনানুষ্ঠানিক (Ananushtanik) अनौपचारिक (Anaupchaarik) Individual Relating to one person ব্যক্তি (Byakti) व्यक्तिगत (Vyaktigat) Attention Focus or concentration মনোযোগ (Monojog) ध्यान (Dhyan) Neglect Fail to care for properly অবহেলা (Obohela) उपेक्षा (Upeksha) Comply To obey or follow মেনে চলা (Mene Chola) अनुपालन करना (Anupalan Karna) Accustomed Familiar with, used to অভ্যস্ত (Obhosto) अभ्यस्त (Abhyast) Elaborately In detail বিশদভাবে (Bishodbhabe) विस्तार से (Vistaar Se) Critical Important, essential সমালোচনামূলক (Shomalocona Moolok) महत्वपूर्ण (Mahatvapurn) Rare Uncommon, infrequent বিরল (Biral) दुर्लभ (Durlabh) Potentiality Capacity for growth or development সম্ভাবনা (Shombhabona) संभाव्यता (Sambhavyata) Lucrative Profitable লাভজনক (Labhjonok) लाभदायक (Labhdhayak) Suggestion A recommendation or idea পরামর্শ (Poramorsho) सुझाव (Sujaav) Blessed Given, granted আশীর্বাদপ্রাপ্ত (Ashirbadpropto) धन्य (Dhanya) Overnight Very quickly রাতারাতি (Ratarati) रातोंरात (Ratonraat) Awareness Knowledge or understanding সচেতনতা (Sochetonota) जागरूकता (Jagrukta) Concentrate Focus attention মনোযোগ কেন্দ্রীভূত করা (Monojog Kendributo) ध्यान केंद्रित करना (Dhyan Kendrit Karna) Deficiency Lack or shortage ঘাটতি (Ghati) कमी (Kami) Incentives Rewards or motivations প্রণোদনা (Pronodona) प्रोत्साहन (Protsahan) Threat A danger or risk হুমকি (Humki) खतरा (Khatra) Systematically In an organized way সুশৃঙ্খলভাবে (Shushrongkhol Bhabe) व्यवस्थित रूप से (Vyavasthit Roop Se) Disreputable Not respected অসম্মানজনক (Oshommanjonok) बदनाम (Badnaam) Proper Correct or suitable যথাযথ (Jothajoth) उचित (Uchit) Management The act of controlling or organizing ব্যবস্থাপনা (Byabosthapona) प्रबंधन (Prabandhan) Render To provide or give প্রদান করা (Prodan Kora) प्रदान करना (Pradan Karna) Sincere Genuine, honest আন্তরিক (Antorik) ईमानदार (Imaandaar) Commercial Related to business বাণিজ্যিক (Banijjik) व्यावसायिक (Vyaavasaayik) Institution An organization for education or training প্রতিষ্ঠান (Protisthan) संस्था (Sanstha) Painstaking Involving great care and effort পরিশ্রমসাধ্য (Porishromshadhyo) परिश्रमपूर्वक (Parishrampoorvak) Compelled Forced or required বাধ্য (Baddho) बाध्य (Baadhy) Punctually At the correct or agreed time সময়ানুবর্তিতা (Shomayonubortita) समय पर (Samay Par) Affair A matter or situation বিষয় (Bishoy) मामला (Maamla)

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing PROBLEMS OF ROADS IN BANGLADESH The roads in Bangladesh are an important point of discussion nowadays. Often people are heard to be saying that the streets in Bangladesh are various roads to go to the hell. These informal comments of people, however, lead us to think about the conditions of roads in Bangladesh, although what they say is not fully true. Every day millions of people, cars, buses, trucks, rickshaws, and other pull carts ply on the roads in Bangladesh. The real business of the city is seen in the roads. These roads play the most important role in the transportation of the city. But as ill luck would have it, the physical conditions of the roads in our country are not at all satisfactory. Only a few streets can be named which are in good condition. But others are in a dilapidated condition. In some places the cover of manholes are missing, threatening the public who walk their way. Some roads can be found where the pavement has been miserably destroyed. It goes without saying that these roads are not suitable for cars to ply through. And it needs no mentioning that during the rainy season their condition goes worse. In some places the width of the roads are so narrow that two rickshaws can hardly find enough room to pass by to the opposite directions. In some places it can be observed that the street sides are used as open dustbins. These places are very obnoxious, boring and unhygienic. To one’s great surprise, one often finds that in some places the roadsides are used as markets. Unlicensed shops and stalls huddle up there. Sometimes most of the passage of the road is occupied by these shops and the customers. A similar problem is seen in a greater intensity when various political and non-political, even religious groups use the roads as their frequent meeting place. At present people’s sufferings know no bound owing to these imprudent decisions of the groups. Hence it is important to identify effective ways or plans to solve the most critical of these problems and then to execute the plans properly to remove the problems of road in our country. Translation: PROBLEMS OF ROADS IN BANGLADESH বাংলাদেশে রাস্তার অবস্থা বর্তমানে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ আলোচনার বিষয়। প্রায়ই মানুষকে বলতে শোনা যায় যে বাংলাদেশের রাস্তাগুলো নরকে যাওয়ার বিভিন্ন পথের মতো। যদিও এই অপ্রাতিষ্ঠানিক মন্তব্যগুলো পুরোপুরি সত্য নয়, তবুও এগুলো আমাদের দেশের রাস্তার অবস্থা নিয়ে ভাবতে বাধ্য করে। প্রতিদিন লক্ষ লক্ষ মানুষ, গাড়ি, বাস, ট্রাক, রিকশা এবং অন্যান্য যানবাহন বাংলাদেশের রাস্তায় চলাচল করে। শহরের আসল কর্মকাণ্ড রাস্তাগুলোতেই দেখা যায়। পরিবহনে রাস্তাগুলো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, আমাদের দেশের রাস্তার শারীরিক অবস্থা মোটেই সন্তোষজনক নয়। মাত্র কয়েকটি রাস্তার নাম উল্লেখ করা যায় যেগুলো ভালো অবস্থায় রয়েছে। অন্যগুলো অত্যন্ত নাজুক অবস্থায় রয়েছে। অনেক স্থানে ম্যানহোলের ঢাকনা নেই, যা পথচারীদের জন্য মারাত্মক হুমকি সৃষ্টি করে। কিছু রাস্তার ফুটপাত এতটাই ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত যে সেগুলো দিয়ে যানবাহন চলাচল প্রায় অসম্ভব। বিশেষ করে বর্ষাকালে এই রাস্তার অবস্থা আরও খারাপ হয়ে যায়। কিছু জায়গায় রাস্তাগুলো এত সংকীর্ণ যে দুইটি রিকশা বিপরীত দিক থেকে পাশ কাটাতে পারে না। আরও খারাপ হলো অনেক জায়গায় রাস্তাঘাটের পাশে খোলা ময়লা ফেলার স্থান হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়। এসব জায়গা অত্যন্ত দুর্গন্ধযুক্ত, বিরক্তিকর এবং অস্বাস্থ্যকর। আরও আশ্চর্যের বিষয় হলো কিছু জায়গায় রাস্তার পাশেই বাজার বসে যায়। অবৈধ দোকানপাট রাস্তার পাশ দখল করে রাখে। কখনও কখনও এই দোকান এবং ক্রেতারা রাস্তার বেশিরভাগ অংশ দখল করে রাখে। রাজনৈতিক এবং অরাজনৈতিক, এমনকি ধর্মীয় গোষ্ঠীগুলোর রাস্তা ব্যবহার করে সভা-সমাবেশ করাও একটি বড় সমস্যা। এই অযৌক্তিক সিদ্ধান্তের কারণে বর্তমানে মানুষের ভোগান্তির সীমা নেই। অতএব, সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যাগুলো চিহ্নিত করে কার্যকর পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করা এবং সেগুলো সঠিকভাবে বাস্তবায়ন করাই দেশের রাস্তার সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য অত্যন্ত জরুরি। Vocabulary: 80 vocabulary words from the text Problems of Roads in Bangladesh, along with their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Discussion The act of talking about something with others আলোচনা (Alochona) चर्चा (Charcha) Streets Public roads in a city or town রাস্তা (Rasta) सड़कें (Sadken) Informal Casual, not official অনানুষ্ঠানিক (Ananushtanik) अनौपचारिक (Anaupchaarik) Conditions The state or quality of something অবস্থা (Obostha) स्थितियाँ (Sthitiyaan) Transportation The movement of people or goods from one place to another পরিবহন (Poribohon) परिवहन (Parivahan) Satisfactory Acceptable, adequate সন্তোষজনক (Shontoshjonok) संतोषजनक (Santoshjanak) Dilapidated In a state of disrepair or ruin জরাজীর্ণ (Jorajirno) जर्जर (Jarjar) Manholes Openings in the ground for accessing utilities ম্যানহোল (Manhol) मैनहोल (Manhole) Threatening Causing a danger or risk হুমকিস্বরূপ (Humkisworup) धमकी देना (Dhamki Dena) Pavement The surface of a road পথপৃষ্ঠ (Pothpisth) फुटपाथ (Footpath) Destroyed Completely ruined or damaged ধ্বংসপ্রাপ্ত (Dhôngsho Propto) नष्ट (Nasht) Suitable Appropriate or fitting উপযুক্ত (Upojukto) उपयुक्त (Upyukt) Worse More severe or unpleasant আরো খারাপ (Aro Kharap) और भी खराब (Aur Bhi Kharab) Width The measurement from side to side প্রস্থ (Prosto) चौड़ाई (Chaudai) Narrow Not wide সংকীর্ণ (Shongkirno) संकीर्ण (Sankirn) Rickshaw A three-wheeled passenger vehicle রিকশা (Riksha) रिक्शा (Riksha) Dustbins Containers for waste ময়লার পাত্র (Moylar Patro) कचरा पात्र (Kachra Patra) Obnoxious Very unpleasant or offensive বিরক্তিকর (Biruktikor) घृणास्पद (Ghrinaspad) Unhygienic Not clean or sanitary অস্বাস্থ্যকর (Aswastyokor) अस्वच्छ (Aswachchh) Surprise A feeling of amazement বিস্ময় (Bishmoy) आश्चर्य (Aashcharya) Roadside The side or edge of a road রাস্তার ধার (Rastar Dhar) सड़क के किनारे (Sadak Ke Kinare) Market A place for buying and selling বাজার (Bazar) बाजार (Bazaar) Unlicensed Not having official permission অনিবন্ধিত (Onibondhito) बिना लाइसेंस (Bina License) Stalls Small shops or booths দোকান (Dokan) ठेले (Thele) Huddle Crowd together গাদাগাদি করা (Gadagadi Kora) भीड़ लगाना (Bheed Lagana) Occupied Taken up space or position দখল করা (Dokhol Kora) कब्जा करना (Kabza Karna) Political Relating to politics রাজনৈতিক (Rajnaitik) राजनीतिक (Rajnaitik) Suffering Pain or distress কষ্ট (Koshto) कष्ट (Kasht) Identify To recognize or establish চিহ্নিত করা (Chihnito Kora) पहचानना (Pehchanna) Effective Successful in producing the desired result কার্যকর (Karyokor) प्रभावी (Prabhavi) Critical Very important or essential গুরুত্বপূর্ণ (Guruttopurno) महत्वपूर्ण (Mahattvapurn) Execute To carry out or put into effect কার্যকর করা (Karyokor Kora) क्रियान्वित करना (Kriyanvit Karna) Remove To eliminate or get rid of অপসারণ করা (Opôsaron Kora) हटाना (Hataana) Imprudent Not showing care for consequences অবিচক্ষণ (Obichokkho) अविवेकपूर्ण (Avivekpoor) Decision A conclusion reached after consideration সিদ্ধান্ত (Shidhanto) Vocabualry

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing ROAD COMMUNICATION IN BANGLADESH Road communication is an importan t part of the entire communication system of Bangladesh. But it cannot meet well the needs of modern life because roads and highways are not much developed in our country. There are two types of roads in Bangladesh. The highways are metalled but most of the roads in the countryside are mud-built. Bangladesh has twenty-five thousand miles of roads. Trucks, buses, cars, scooters ply on these roads. Besides, private persons or companies ply a large number of buses, trucks, and other vehicles along various routes of the country. The major highways connect Dhaka with other towns and ports in the country. Aricha road extends to the main towns in North Bengal and Chittagong highways connect Dhaka with Comilla, Noakhali, Feni, Chandpur, Brahmanbaria and Chittagong. There are ferry services to carry passengers, loads and automobiles to the other side of the big rivers where there is no bridge. Road communication is not much developed in our country. The roads and highways in most parts are narrow. Hundreds of trucks and public buses rush with an alarming speed. A journey along the highways is often unsafe and risky. Road accidents occur frequently and taka a heavy toll of human life. The unmetalled roads get muddy in the rainy season and are full of dust in the dry season. Road communication in Bangladesh is backward for a number of reasons. Our country is a delta region and in most places the land is low. A network of rivers, canals and marshy lands spread all over Bangladesh. Only major towns, sub-divisional towns, upazilas and ports are connected by roads. Moreover, existing road and highways are largely damaged and destroyed during the liberation war. The progress of a country largely depends on the development of roads and highways. Bangladesh does not have enough money to connect the remotest corners of the country with roads and highways. Still road communication is easy and quick. Hence the Government should pay more attention to the improvement of roads in the country. ROAD COMMUNICATION IN BANGLADESH Road communication in Bangladesh plays a vital role in connecting different regions and supporting economic activities. The country’s road network is the most common mode of transportation for both people and goods. Bangladesh has a combination of highways, district roads, and rural roads, with each serving different purposes. The highways are the major roads that connect cities and larger towns. These are usually in better condition and are vital for long-distance travel and trade. However, many highways suffer from overcrowding, especially around major cities like Dhaka. This often leads to traffic jams, making travel slow and frustrating. Roads in urban areas are often narrow, and the lack of proper planning results in frequent accidents and delays. On the other hand, roads in rural areas are less developed. Many rural roads are unpaved, narrow, or damaged, which makes transportation difficult. During the monsoon season, floods can make these roads almost impossible to use. This creates problems for farmers and local communities, as they struggle to transport goods to markets. The poor state of rural roads also limits access to essential services like healthcare and education in remote areas. The government of Bangladesh has been focusing on improving road communication. Several large infrastructure projects, such as new highways, bridges, and flyovers, have been built in recent years. The Padma Bridge, for example, has connected the south-western part of the country to the capital, Dhaka, making transportation faster and easier. Despite these improvements, road safety remains a concern. There are still many accidents due to reckless driving, poorly maintained vehicles, and a lack of traffic regulations. Furthermore, urban traffic congestion continues to be a significant issue, particularly in Dhaka, which has one of the highest traffic densities in the world. In conclusion, while road communication in Bangladesh has improved over time, there are still challenges to overcome. Continued efforts are needed to maintain and expand the road network, improve safety, and reduce traffic congestion for smoother travel across the country. Key Points: Key Points: Road Communication in Bangladesh Importance: Vital for transportation and economic activities. Types of Roads: Highways (metalled) and rural roads (mud-built or unpaved). Road Conditions: Highways connect major cities but are often overcrowded and unsafe. Rural roads are underdeveloped, muddy during the monsoon, and dusty in dry seasons. Challenges: Narrow roads, frequent accidents, poor road maintenance, traffic congestion, and damage from the Liberation War. Improvements: Infrastructure projects like the Padma Bridge, new highways, and flyovers. Remaining Issues: Road safety concerns, traffic jams in urban areas, and lack of proper traffic regulation. Conclusion: Continued government efforts are needed to enhance the road network, ensure safety, and reduce congestion. Translation বাংলাদেশের সড়ক যোগাযোগ সড়ক যোগাযোগ বাংলাদেশের মোট যোগাযোগ ব্যবস্থার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। তবে আমাদের দেশে সড়ক ও মহাসড়ক তেমন উন্নত না হওয়ায় এটি আধুনিক জীবনের প্রয়োজন মেটাতে পারে না। বাংলাদেশে দুই ধরনের রাস্তা রয়েছে। মহাসড়কগুলো পাকা হলেও অধিকাংশ গ্রামীণ রাস্তা কাঁচা মাটির তৈরি। বাংলাদেশে প্রায় পঁচিশ হাজার মাইল রাস্তা রয়েছে। এই রাস্তাগুলিতে ট্রাক, বাস, প্রাইভেট কার, স্কুটার চলাচল করে। এছাড়া বিভিন্ন রুটে ব্যক্তি বা কোম্পানির মালিকানাধীন প্রচুর বাস, ট্রাক ও অন্যান্য যানবাহনও চলাচল করে। প্রধান মহাসড়কগুলো ঢাকা শহরকে দেশের অন্যান্য শহর ও বন্দরগুলোর সঙ্গে যুক্ত করেছে। আরিচা সড়ক উত্তরবঙ্গের প্রধান শহরগুলো পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত এবং চট্টগ্রাম মহাসড়ক ঢাকা শহরকে কুমিল্লা, নোয়াখালী, ফেনী, চাঁদপুর, ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া ও চট্টগ্রামের সঙ্গে যুক্ত করেছে। বড় নদীগুলোর ওপর যেখানে সেতু নেই, সেখানে যাত্রী ও যানবাহন পারাপারের জন্য ফেরি পরিষেবা রয়েছে। আমাদের দেশে সড়ক যোগাযোগ তেমন উন্নত নয়। অধিকাংশ সড়ক ও মহাসড়ক সরু। শত শত ট্রাক ও বাস বিপজ্জনক গতিতে ছুটে চলে। মহাসড়কে যাতায়াত প্রায়ই নিরাপদ থাকে না এবং ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ হয়। প্রায়ই সড়ক দুর্ঘটনা ঘটে যা অনেক মানুষের প্রাণহানি ঘটায়। কাঁচা রাস্তা বর্ষাকালে কাদায় পরিপূর্ণ হয়ে যায় এবং শুষ্ক মৌসুমে ধুলায় ঢেকে থাকে। বাংলাদেশের সড়ক যোগাযোগ পিছিয়ে থাকার কিছু কারণ রয়েছে। আমাদের দেশ একটি বদ্বীপ অঞ্চল এবং অধিকাংশ জায়গায় জমি নিচু। সারা দেশে নদী, খাল ও জলাভূমির জাল ছড়িয়ে আছে। কেবল প্রধান শহর, উপজেলা ও বন্দরগুলো রাস্তার মাধ্যমে সংযুক্ত। তাছাড়া, বিদ্যমান সড়ক ও মহাসড়কগুলো মুক্তিযুদ্ধের সময় ব্যাপকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়। একটি দেশের উন্নতি অনেকাংশে সড়ক ও মহাসড়কের উন্নতির ওপর নির্ভর করে। বাংলাদেশের প্রত্যন্ত অঞ্চলগুলোকে সড়ক ও মহাসড়কের মাধ্যমে যুক্ত করার মতো পর্যাপ্ত অর্থ নেই। তবুও সড়ক যোগাযোগ সহজ ও দ্রুত। তাই সরকারকে দেশের সড়ক ব্যবস্থার উন্নতির দিকে আরও মনোযোগ দিতে হবে। Vocabulary: 100 vocabulary words related to Road Communication in Bangladesh, with their meanings in Bangla, part of speech, and example sentences: Word Meaning in Bangla Part of Speech Example Sentence Communication যোগাযোগ Noun Road communication plays a crucial role in the economy of Bangladesh. Highway মহাসড়ক Noun The highway connecting Dhaka and Chittagong is one of the busiest in the country. Infrastructure অবকাঠামো Noun Bangladesh is investing heavily in improving its road infrastructure. Road রাস্তা Noun Many rural roads are still unpaved, causing travel difficulties. Urban শহুরে Adjective Urban areas like Dhaka face severe traffic congestion. Rural গ্রামীণ Adjective Rural roads often become impassable during the rainy season. Bridge সেতু Noun The Padma Bridge has greatly improved transportation in the region. Traffic যানজট Noun Traffic congestion in Dhaka can last for hours, causing delays. Ferry ফেরি Noun Ferries are used to transport vehicles and passengers across rivers. Narrow সংকীর্ণ Adjective The narrow roads in many towns cause frequent traffic jams. Paved পাকা Adjective Highways are usually paved, but many rural roads remain unpaved. Unpaved কাঁচা Adjective The unpaved roads in villages become muddy during the monsoon season. Congestion যানজট Noun The government is trying to reduce traffic congestion by building new flyovers. Road Safety রাস্তা নিরাপত্তা Noun Road safety is a major concern due to the high number of accidents. Overcrowded অতিরিক্ত ভিড় Adjective Many buses on the highways are overcrowded with passengers. Vehicle যানবাহন Noun Various types of vehicles ply on the highways every day. Accident দুর্ঘটনা Noun Road accidents are common due to reckless driving. Reckless বেপরোয়া Adjective Reckless driving is one of the leading causes of road accidents. Flyover উড়ালপথ Noun The newly constructed flyover has reduced traffic congestion in the city. Toll টোল Noun Drivers have to pay a toll to use some major highways. Transport পরিবহন Noun Road transport is the primary mode of moving goods across Bangladesh. Commuter যাত্রী Noun Thousands of commuters travel daily between Dhaka and surrounding towns. Logistics পরিবহন ব্যবস্থা Noun Efficient road communication is vital for logistics and trade. Marshy জলাভূমি Adjective The marshy lands in some regions make road construction difficult. Delta বদ্বীপ Noun Bangladesh is a delta region with numerous rivers and canals. Maintenance রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ Noun Proper maintenance of roads can reduce accidents and improve travel. Expansion সম্প্রসারণ Noun The expansion of road networks is essential for national development. Connectivity সংযোগ Noun Improved road connectivity helps boost the economy of rural areas. Bridge সেতু Noun New bridges have reduced travel time between key cities. Upazila উপজেলা Noun Roads connecting upazilas are crucial for local development. Port বন্দর Noun Chittagong port is connected to the rest of the country by major highways. Ferry Service ফেরি পরিষেবা Noun Ferry services operate across major rivers where bridges are absent. Economic Growth অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি Noun Better road communication can lead to increased economic growth. Asphalt ডামার Noun Highways are often constructed with asphalt to ensure durability. Dusty ধূলিময় Adjective Rural roads become dusty during the dry season. Journey যাত্রা Noun A journey by road can be both scenic and challenging in Bangladesh. Toll Road টোল রাস্তা Noun Toll roads help generate revenue for road maintenance. Pedestrian পথচারী Noun Pedestrian safety is often neglected on busy highways. Rural Market গ্রামীণ বাজার Noun Farmers transport their goods to the rural market using local roads. Monsoon বর্ষা Noun The monsoon season often causes road communication to become disrupted. Bridge Construction সেতু নির্মাণ Noun Bridge construction is a priority in regions with many rivers. Public Transport গণপরিবহন Noun Public transport systems are heavily reliant on road communication. Overpass ওভারপাস Noun The overpass helped ease traffic flow in the congested city area. Goods পণ্য Noun Trucks carry goods to different parts of the country. Infrastructure Project অবকাঠামো প্রকল্প Noun The government has launched several infrastructure projects to improve roadways. Hazard বিপদ Noun Poor road conditions are a major hazard for drivers. Bridge Toll সেতু টোল Noun Drivers pay a bridge toll to cross the Padma Bridge. Network নেটওয়ার্ক Noun Bangladesh has an extensive network of roads and highways. Accessibility প্রবেশাধিকার Noun Road development improves accessibility to remote areas. Construction নির্মাণ Noun The construction of new highways is a sign of progress. Route রুট Noun The bus follows a fixed route connecting major cities. Load মাল Noun Heavy loads are transported on trucks across the country. Freight পণ্যবাহী Noun Freight transport relies heavily on well-maintained roads. Bypass বাইপাস Noun A new bypass was built to reduce traffic in the city center.

Paragraph Writing TOURISM IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a stunning country known as a "treasure trove of nature" and the "darling child of nature." With its rich history and diverse landscapes, it attracts many tourists every year. Notable tourist spots include Cox's Bazar, which is the world's largest sea beach, famous for its breathtaking scenery of green hills and blue waters. Tourists flock there for relaxation and enjoyment, with numerous hotels and restaurants available. Kaptai Lake is another natural wonder, surrounded by dense forests and abundant fish, providing a peaceful escape for visitors. The Sundarbans, the largest mangrove forest globally, is home to the endangered Royal Bengal Tiger and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In addition to these natural attractions, Bangladesh boasts historical sites like Mahasthan Garh, Paharpur, and Mainamati, which were centers of Buddhist culture and contain fascinating relics. Sacred sites such as the Shat Gambuj Mosque, the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Jalal, and Bayazid Bostami also draw many devotees. Despite these incredible attractions, the government needs to focus more on tourism development, as it can significantly contribute to the economy and help preserve the country's cultural and natural heritage. Composition / Essay Writing TOURISM IN BANGLADESH Introduction: Tourism is a source of joy and pleasure. Being tired of the cares and monotony of life at home, a man wants to get away for a few days. When he makes a tour just for pleasure, he is called a tourist. So the place a tourist visits must abound with such pleasures and comforts as would make him feel really happy. Prospect of tourism in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is very much rich in natural beauties and abounds in sites of historical interest. She can be one of the world’s finest attractions for the pleasure- seekers. Places of tourism in Bangladesh: Bangladesh has some places, with uncommon scenic beauties which always attract the tourists. Cox’s Bazar, Kaptai, Sylhet, the Sundarbans, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, among others, are blessed with enchanting natural beauties. Cox’s Bazar has the world’s largest natural sand beach. The wide beach at low tide is the pleasure-seekers’ paradise. The silvery beach with an evergreen picturesque background is the tourist’s ideal dream land. The Kaptai lake is famous for its charming scenic beauty. Sylhet is famous for her evergreen tea gardens on the sloping hills. So Sylhet is known as the land of ‘two leaves and a bud’ and of saints and pirs. It is also a happy resort of migratory birds. The Sundarbans, with their attractive flora and fauna, present an unforgettable scene to the tourists. There are many other beautiful things in Bangladesh. Nature seems to have lavishly bestowed on this land all her beauty and bounty. The grassy plains and hills, rivers and streams and the evergreen trees and plants present a panoramic view. All these make the land a romantic resort for the tourists. Dhaka-its own attractions: Dhaka, the capital, has its own attractions. It is specially famous for its mosques and monuments, both old and new. Among the old ones, the Lalbag Fort, Bara Katra, Chhota Katra, Hossaini Dalan, the Tara mosque have special attraction for the tourists. Among the new ones, the Baitul Mukarram, the central Shahid Minar and the National Museum are worth seeing. Places of historical interest and spiritual heritage: Besides, there are a good number of places of historical interest in Bangladesh. Mahasthangarh in Bogra, Paharpur in Rajshahi and Mainamati in Comilla can satisfy the tourists deeply who are interested in archaeological and cultural history of Bangladesh. The Darghas of Shah Jalal at Sylhet, Bayazid Bustami in Chittagong, Shah Makhdum in Rajshahi and Khan Jahan Ali at Bagerhat are no less attractive to the tourists who are interested in our spiritual heritage. Local people: The people of a place with their distinct manners and customs can easily attract the tourists. The ways of lie of the tribal people in Bangladesh such as the Garos, the Chankmas and others are no less attractive. Any tourist who is used to drinking tea will be delighted to see the local woman picking tea leaves in the tea gardens with bamboo baskets on their backs. The tribal dances and songs are always attractive to the tourists. The Parjatan Corporation of Bangladesh: Bangladesh has a good prospect in tourism but she is yet to be developed in this field. Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation has been trying to develop tourism and to attract more and more tourists. The Parjatan Corporation has already set up some motels at Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Rangamati and Bogra for the convenience of the tourists. It has been trying to take such other steps as would encourage more and more tourists to visit our country. Conclusion: Though Bangladesh is an ideal land for the tourists, much is yet to be done to develop tourism in Bangladesh. More comfortable and inexpensive motels and rest houses have to be built for the tourists. Above all, our tourists attractions have to be given wider publicity at home and abroad. We must make a tourist’s visit to our country rewarding and worth remembering. Then tourism will turn into a profit-earning industry for our country. Tourism In Bangladesh Tourism is a source of joy and relaxation, offering people a break from the daily routine of life. When someone travels for pleasure, they are called a tourist. A tourist needs to visit places that offer beauty and comfort to make their trip enjoyable. Bangladesh is a country rich in natural beauty and has many sites of historical interest. It can become one of the world’s top travel destinations for those seeking pleasure. The country is home to places with stunning scenery that attract tourists from all over the world. Some of these places include Cox’s Bazar, Kaptai, Sylhet, the Sundarbans, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Cox’s Bazar, for instance, is known for having the world’s longest natural sand beach, which is a paradise for tourists, especially when the tide is low. The Kaptai Lake offers a peaceful and beautiful setting. Sylhet, famous for its tea gardens on the hills, is known as the land of ‘two leaves and a bud’ and is also home to saints and pirs. The Sundarbans, with its diverse wildlife and lush greenery, presents an unforgettable experience for visitors. The entire country, with its plains, hills, rivers, and forests, offers a picturesque and romantic setting for travelers. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is also a major tourist attraction. It is famous for its mosques and monuments, such as the Lalbagh Fort, Bara Katra, and the Shahid Minar. The National Museum is also a must-visit in Dhaka. For those interested in history, Bangladesh offers several archaeological sites like Mahasthangarh in Bogra and Paharpur in Rajshahi. The spiritual heritage of Bangladesh is found in places like the shrines of Shah Jalal in Sylhet and Bayazid Bustami in Chittagong. The local people, their unique customs, and the tribal culture of Bangladesh add to the charm of the country. Tourists can enjoy watching tribal dances, listening to local songs, and seeing women picking tea leaves in Sylhet’s tea gardens. The Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation is working hard to develop the tourism sector by building motels in popular areas like Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, and Rangamati. However, there is still much to be done. The country needs more affordable accommodations, and its tourist attractions need better promotion both locally and internationally. With more effort, tourism can become a major industry in Bangladesh, benefiting the economy and providing memorable experiences for visitors. Tourism In Bangladesh Bangladesh is a treasure trove of nature, often called the "darling child of nature." The country is filled with beautiful places that showcase its natural beauty and rich culture. Nature has generously shared its gifts with this land, making Bangladesh one of the top attractions for tourists worldwide. There is a difference between a visitor and a tourist. A visitor goes to see friends and relatives, while a tourist explores unknown historical or interesting places for sightseeing and knowledge. Bangladesh has many historical and natural tourist spots. Some of the most famous include: Cox's Bazar is known as the world’s largest sea beach. It is famous for its stunning natural scenery, with green hills and the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal creating a charming view. There are many hotels and restaurants that cater to tourists, making it a popular destination for relaxation and fun. Kaptai Lake is another beautiful spot. Surrounded by dense forests, this lake is rich in fish and offers a peaceful atmosphere. It was created by building a dam across the Karnaphuli River, and many tourists visit to enjoy its natural beauty. The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world and is home to the famous Royal Bengal Tigers and beautiful deer. This unique forest is now recognized as a World Heritage Site. It is also home to many birds, crocodiles, and other wildlife. In addition to natural wonders, Bangladesh has many historical sites. Mahasthan Garh in Bogra, Paharpur in Jaipurhat, and Mainamati in Comilla were important centers of Buddhist culture. These sites have many interesting relics, and tourists interested in history love to explore them. Sacred places like the Shat Gambuj Mosque in Bagerhat, the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Jalal in Sylhet, and Bayazid Bostami in Chittagong attract many devotees from near and far. Although there are many tourist spots in Bangladesh, the government does not focus enough on this sector. Tourism can bring significant foreign exchange to the country, so it is crucial to pay more attention to its development. With Translation Tourism in Bangladesh Bangladesh is a treasure trove of nature, often called the "darling child of nature." (বাংলাদেশ প্রকৃতির একটি ধনসম্পদ, যা প্রায়ই "প্রকৃতির আদরের সন্তান" বলা হয়।) The country is filled with beautiful places that showcase its natural beauty and rich culture. (এই দেশটি সুন্দর স্থানগুলোতে পরিপূর্ণ, যা এর প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য এবং সমৃদ্ধ সংস্কৃতি প্রদর্শন করে।) Nature has generously shared its gifts with this land, making Bangladesh one of the top attractions for tourists worldwide. (প্রকৃতি এই দেশের সঙ্গে তার উপহার দান করেছে, যা বাংলাদেশকে বিশ্বব্যাপী পর্যটকদের জন্য একটি শীর্ষ আকর্ষণ করে তুলেছে।) There is a difference between a visitor and a tourist. (একজন দর্শক এবং একজন পর্যটকের মধ্যে পার্থক্য রয়েছে।) A visitor goes to see friends and relatives, while a tourist explores unknown historical or interesting places for sightseeing and knowledge. (একজন দর্শক বন্ধুবান্ধব এবং আত্মীয়দের দেখতে যান, যখন একজন পর্যটক দর্শনীয় স্থান ও জ্ঞানের জন্য অজানা ঐতিহাসিক বা আকর্ষণীয় স্থানগুলি অনুসন্ধান করেন।) Bangladesh has many historical and natural tourist spots. (বাংলাদেশে অনেক ঐতিহাসিক এবং প্রাকৃতিক পর্যটন স্থান রয়েছে।) Some of the most famous include: (এর মধ্যে কিছু সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত হল:) Cox's Bazar is known as the world’s largest sea beach. (কক্সবাজারকে বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় সমুদ্র সৈকত হিসেবে জানানো হয়।) It is famous for its stunning natural scenery, with green hills and the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal creating a charming view. (এটি চমৎকার প্রাকৃতিক দৃশ্যের জন্য বিখ্যাত, যেখানে সবুজ পাহাড় এবং বঙ্গোপসাগরের নীল জল একটি মোহনীয় দৃশ্য তৈরি করে।) There are many hotels and restaurants that cater to tourists, making it a popular destination for relaxation and fun. (এখানে অনেক হোটেল এবং রেস্টুরেন্ট রয়েছে যা পর্যটকদের সেবা দেয়, যা এটিকে বিশ্রাম এবং মজা করার জন্য একটি জনপ্রিয় গন্তব্য করে তোলে।) Kaptai Lake is another beautiful spot. (কাপ্তাই লেক একটি অন্য সুন্দর স্থান।) Surrounded by dense forests, this lake is rich in fish and offers a peaceful atmosphere. (ঘন বনের মধ্যে অবস্থিত, এই লেক মাছের সমৃদ্ধ এবং একটি শান্ত পরিবেশ প্রদান করে।) It was created by building a dam across the Karnaphuli River, and many tourists visit to enjoy its natural beauty. (এটি কর্ণফুলী নদীর ওপর বাঁধ তৈরি করে নির্মিত হয়েছে, এবং অনেক পর্যটক এর প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য উপভোগ করতে আসে।) The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world and is home to the famous Royal Bengal Tigers and beautiful deer. (সুন্দরবন বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে বড় ম্যানগ্রোভ বন এবং এটি বিখ্যাত রয়েল বেঙ্গল টাইগার এবং সুন্দর মোষের আবাসস্থল।) This unique forest is now recognized as a World Heritage Site. (এই বিশেষ বন বর্তমানে একটি বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্যবাহী স্থান হিসেবে স্বীকৃত।) It is also home to many birds, crocodiles, and other wildlife. (এটি অনেক পাখি, কুমির, এবং অন্যান্য বন্যপ্রাণীর আবাসস্থল।) In addition to natural wonders, Bangladesh has many historical sites. (প্রাকৃতিক বিস্ময়ের পাশাপাশি, বাংলাদেশে অনেক ঐতিহাসিক স্থানও রয়েছে।) Mahasthan Garh in Bogra, Paharpur in Jaipurhat, and Mainamati in Comilla were important centers of Buddhist culture. (বগড়ার মহাস্থান গড়, জয়পুরহাটের পাহাড়পুর, এবং কুমিল্লার মাইনামতি ছিল বৌদ্ধ সংস্কৃতির গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কেন্দ্র।) These sites have many interesting relics, and tourists interested in history love to explore them. (এই স্থানগুলিতে অনেক আকর্ষণীয় প্রত্নতত্ত্ব রয়েছে, এবং ইতিহাসে আগ্রহী পর্যটকরা এগুলি অনুসন্ধান করতে ভালোবাসেন।) Sacred places like the Shat Gambuj Mosque in Bagerhat, the Dargah of Hazrat Shah Jalal in Sylhet, and Bayazid Bostami in Chittagong attract many devotees from near and far. (বাগেরহাটের সাত গম্বুজ মসজিদ, সিলেটে হযরত শাহ জালালের দরগা, এবং চট্টগ্রামের বায়জিদ বোস্তামি মত পবিত্র স্থানগুলি কাছাকাছি ও দূর থেকে অনেক ভক্তকে আকৃষ্ট করে।) Although there are many tourist spots in Bangladesh, the government does not focus enough on this sector. (যদিও বাংলাদেশে অনেক পর্যটন স্থান রয়েছে, সরকার এই খাতের প্রতি যথেষ্ট মনোযোগ দেয় না।) Tourism can bring significant foreign exchange to the country, so it is crucial to pay more attention to its development. (পর্যটন দেশের জন্য উল্লেখযোগ্য বৈদেশিক মুদ্রা আনতে পারে, তাই এর উন্নয়নের প্রতি আরও মনোযোগ দেওয়া অপরিহার্য।) Tourism in Bangladesh - Key Points Natural Attractions: Cox's Bazar (largest sea beach), Kaptai Lake (peaceful), and the Sundarbans (home of the Royal Bengal Tiger) are major natural spots. Historical & Sacred Sites: Mahasthan Garh, Paharpur, and Mainamati are Buddhist heritage sites. Shat Gambuj Mosque, Dargah of Hazrat Shah Jalal, and Bayazid Bostami are important spiritual locations. Cultural Heritage: Sylhet's tea gardens, tribal dances, and local customs attract visitors. Tourism Development: Bangladesh’s tourism sector is underdeveloped; the Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation is working on infrastructure, like motels. Conclusion: With more development and global promotion, Bangladesh’s tourism sector could be a profitable industry. Vocabulary: vocabulary list with bold entries, containing the English word/phrase, its meaning in English, Bangla, and Hindi: Word/Phrase English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Affordable Reasonably priced or cheap সাশ্রয়ী सस्ता Air pollution Contamination of the air by harmful substances বায়ু দূষণ वायु प्रदूषण Ample seating Enough or more than enough seats পর্যাপ্ত আসন पर्याप्त बैठने की जगह Availability The state of being able to be used or obtained প্রাপ্যতা उपलब्धता Comfortable Providing physical ease and relaxation আরামদায়ক आरामदायक Congestion Overcrowding or blockage of traffic ভিড়ভাট্টা भीड़भाड़ Costly Expensive, requiring a lot of money ব্যয়বহুল महंगा Coverage The extent to which something is available or included কভারেজ कवरेज Diesel A type of fuel used in some engines ডিজেল डीजल Eco-friendly Not harmful to the environment পরিবেশবান্ধব पर्यावरणीय अनुकूल Environmental Related to the natural world and the impact of human activity পরিবেশগত पर्यावरणीय Essential Absolutely necessary অপরিহার্য आवश्यक Extensive Covering a large area or range ব্যাপক व्यापक Faster Moving at high speed দ্রুত तेज Fixed track A predetermined path for transportation নির্ধারিত পথ निश्चित मार्ग Garbage Waste material, typically discarded in the streets ময়লা कचरा Jam A situation of heavy, clogged traffic যানজট जाम Limited Restricted in extent, number, or scope সীমিত सीमित Modern Using the latest ideas or techniques আধুনিক आधुनिक Pollution The presence of harmful substances in the environment দুষণ प्रदूषण Public transport System of transport available to all members of society গণপরিবহন सार्वजनिक परिवहन Punctual On time, not late সময়ানুবর্তী समयपालन Reliability The quality of being dependable or consistent নির্ভরযোগ্য विश्वसनीय Schedule A plan for carrying out an activity at a specified time সময়সূচী समयसारणी Traffic The movement of vehicles and people ট্রাফিক ट्रैफिक Unpredictable Not able to be predicted or anticipated অনির্ধারিত अप्रत्याशित Unreliable Not dependable or trustworthy অবিশ্বস্ত अविश्वसनीय Access The means of reaching or approaching প্রবেশাধিকার पहुँच Affordability The quality of being affordable সাশ্রয়ীতা किफायती Alternative One of two or more available possibilities বিকল্প विकल्प Authorities People or organizations in charge of control or regulation কর্তৃপক্ষ अधिकारी Awareness Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact সচেতনতা जागरूकता Benefits Advantages or profits সুবিধা लाभ Business The practice of making one's living by engaging in commerce ব্যবসা व्यापार Challenges Difficulties or obstacles চ্যালেঞ্জ चुनौतियाँ Collaboration Working together to achieve a common goal সহযোগিতা सहयोग Comfort A state of physical ease and freedom from pain আরাম आराम Contribution The act of giving or adding something to help a cause অবদান योगदान Cost The price or expenditure of something খরচ लागत Cultural Relating to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society সাংস্কৃতিক सांस्कृतिक Demonstrates Shows or illustrates clearly প্রদর্শন করে प्रदर्शन करता है Development The process of improvement or growth উন্নয়ন विकास Efficiency The ability to do something without wasting time or effort দক্ষতা दक्षता Environment The surrounding conditions or influences পরিবেশ पर्यावरण Expansion The action of becoming larger or more extensive সম্প্রসারণ विस्तार Facilitates Makes a process easier or more convenient সহজতর করে सहायक बनाता है Function The purpose or role of something কার্য कार्य Involvement The state of being involved in something জড়িত থাকা संलिप्तता Investment The action of putting money into something for profit বিনিয়োগ निवेश Leadership The ability to guide or influence others নেতৃত্ব नेतृत्व Movement A group of people working together to advance a cause আন্দোলন आंदोलन Network A system of connections or relationships নেটওয়ার্ক नेटवर्क Opportunity A situation that makes something possible সুযোগ अवसर Performance The execution of a task or job কর্মক্ষমতা प्रदर्शन Potential The possibility or capacity for something to develop সম্ভাবনা संभावना Population The total number of people living in a specific area জনসংখ্যা जनसंख्या Power The ability or capacity to do something শক্তি शक्ति Priority Something that is considered more important অগ্রাধিকার प्राथमिकता Quality The standard or grade of something মান गुणवत्ता Reliability The quality of being dependable or consistent নির্ভরযোগ্য विश्वसनीय Sustainability The ability to maintain or continue something স্থায়িত্ব स्थिरता System A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole সিস্টেম प्रणाली Technology The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes প্রযুক্তি प्रौद्योगिकी Transportation The action of moving people or goods from one place to another পরিবহন परिवहन Uncomfortable Causing discomfort or unease অস্বস্তিকর असुविधाजनक Unreliable Not dependable or trustworthy অবিশ্বস্ত अविश्वसनीय Utilize To make practical use of something ব্যবহার করা उपयोग करना Value The importance or worth of something মূল্য मूल्य Vast Of great size or extent বিশাল विशाल Widespread Extending or reaching over a large area ব্যাপকভাবে व्यापक Workforce The group of people working in a particular industry or company শ্রমিক कार्यबल

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH . Bangladesh is our motherland. It is a very small country. Bangladesh has sixty-eight thousand villages where eighty percent of our people live. So it is clear that welfare of the country depends upon the welfare of these villages. There was a time when the villagers were happy and self­ supporting. Lands supplied them with paddy and vegetables; ponds with fish and cows with milk. Wants were unknown at that time. The villagers were simple, healthy, peace-loving, religious, hospitable and generous. With the beginning of the British rule, the villages saw the downfall. A few cities sprang up after the western fashion. Then the educated and well-to-do people left the villages to enjoy modern facilities in those cities. After the achievement of independence, it was naturally hoped that villages would see happy days again. But good roads, decent houses and good tanks are yet to be constructed. They are deprived of adequate facilities of hospitals, doctors, medicine, schools and colleges. Nowadays the villages face various problems whereas all the facilities of towns should be made available there. Metalled roads should be constructed. Schools and colleges should be established. Jungles should be destroyed and marshes filled up. Charitable dispensaries and hospitals should be set up to give medical aid to the sick people. Arrangements should be made for the supply of pure drinking water. It is really heartening to note that our present government are adopting schemes to reconstruct and develop the village under the supervision of upazilla. THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH . Rural development in Bangladesh refers to the improvement of living conditions and economic opportunities in the countryside. A large portion of Bangladesh's population lives in rural areas, and these regions face several challenges, including poverty, limited access to education and healthcare, and underdeveloped infrastructure. Therefore, rural development is crucial for the overall growth and progress of the country. One key aspect of rural development in Bangladesh is improving agriculture. Since most rural people depend on farming for their livelihood, modernizing agricultural practices can greatly increase productivity and income. The government has introduced various programs to provide farmers with better seeds, fertilizers, and training on modern farming techniques. Irrigation systems and improved infrastructure, such as roads and transport facilities, are also being developed to help farmers transport their goods more easily and reach markets. Education is another important area in rural development. Many rural areas still have limited access to quality education. To address this, the government and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been working to establish schools, provide scholarships, and train teachers to improve literacy rates in rural areas. By educating the rural population, particularly women and children, Bangladesh can reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for its rural communities. Healthcare is another priority for rural development. In many rural areas, healthcare facilities are scarce, and people often have to travel long distances for treatment. To solve this issue, the government has built more healthcare centers and mobile health clinics in remote areas. Awareness programs on sanitation, hygiene, and maternal health are also being promoted to improve public health. Microfinance programs, such as those provided by Grameen Bank, have been essential for rural development in Bangladesh. These programs offer small loans to people, especially women, to help them start small businesses. These initiatives have played a significant role in reducing poverty and empowering women in rural communities. Despite these efforts, challenges remain in ensuring sustainable rural development. Climate change, natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure continue to affect rural areas. However, with continued focus on agriculture, education, healthcare, and microfinance, rural development in Bangladesh has the potential to improve the lives of millions and contribute to the nation's overall progress. গ্রাম উন্নয়ন বাংলাদেশে বাংলাদেশ আমাদের মাতৃভূমি। এটি একটি ছোট দেশ। বাংলাদেশে ষাট হাজার আটশত গ্রামের বসবাস রয়েছে, যেখানে আমাদের মোট জনসংখ্যার প্রায় আশি শতাংশ মানুষ বাস করে। তাই এটি স্পষ্ট যে দেশের মঙ্গল এই গ্রামগুলির মঙ্গলের ওপর নির্ভরশীল। এক সময় ছিল যখন গ্রামবাসীরা সুখী এবং আত্মনির্ভরশীল ছিল। জমি তাদের পাঁউরুটি এবং শাকসবজি সরবরাহ করত, পুকুরে মাছ ছিল এবং গরু দুধ দিত। তখন তাদের চাহিদা অজানা ছিল। গ্রামবাসীরা সরল, স্বাস্থ্যবান, শান্তিপ্রিয়, ধার্মিক, আতিথেয়তা প্রদানকারী এবং উদার ছিলেন। কিন্তু ব্রিটিশ শাসন শুরু হলে গ্রামগুলির পতন শুরু হয়। কিছু শহর পশ্চিমী রীতিতে গড়ে উঠল। তারপর শিক্ষিত এবং ধনী মানুষরা শহরে আধুনিক সুবিধা উপভোগ করতে চলে গেলেন। স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের পর, স্বাভাবিকভাবেই আশা করা হয়েছিল যে গ্রামগুলিও আবার সুখী দিন দেখবে। কিন্তু এখনো পর্যন্ত ভালো রাস্তা, শৌচাগার, এবং ভালো ট্যাঙ্ক তৈরি করা হয়নি। তারা হাসপাতাল, ডাক্তার, ঔষধ, স্কুল এবং কলেজের মতো প্রয়োজনীয় সুবিধা থেকে বঞ্চিত। এখন গ্রামগুলি বিভিন্ন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন, তবে শহরের সমস্ত সুবিধা সেখানে প্রদান করা উচিত। সড়কগুলো পাকা করা উচিত, স্কুল এবং কলেজ স্থাপন করা উচিত। বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস করা উচিত এবং জলাভূমি ভরাট করা উচিত। দাতব্য হাসপাতাল এবং ডিপেনসারি স্থাপন করা উচিত যাতে অসুস্থ মানুষদের চিকিৎসা সেবা দেওয়া যায়। বিশুদ্ধ পানির সরবরাহ নিশ্চিত করার ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া উচিত। এটি সত্যিই আনন্দদায়ক যে আমাদের বর্তমান সরকার গ্রাম উন্নয়নের জন্য পরিকল্পনা গ্রহণ করছে, যা উপজেলা ব্যবস্থাপনার অধীনে বাস্তবায়িত হচ্ছে।

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing STRIKE 'Strike' has been imported from the western countries to our country. Even only sixty to seventy years ago, this strike was unknown to our society. Strike nowadays has become a regular issue in the Indian sub­continent and in other poor countries. Needless to say that poverty is the root cause of this strike. This strike is one of the strongholds of vicious circle. The poor people are to revolve round this vicious circle of poverty. There are the owners and the workers in mills and factories. In case of manifold problems and pressures— the owners become merciless towards the workers. Workers start to demand more in the face of greater necessity. The owners start not to listen to the limitless demand of the" workers. The owners of these mills, factories and industries naturally are richer. Workers and labourers being deprived of their dues, take resort to strike to press home their demand. Consequently. a clash between the workers and owners crop up. Some people in Bangladesh are trying to create troubles and dislocations in the government. And that is why they are trying to use this good weapon of strike with an evil purpose. Today the necessity of strike is not prevailing that much in the country. No doubt, in a democratic country where everything is done by the people and for the people to call strike is a democratic right. But there must be some reasons. Without strong reasons or by making superfluous reasons to call strike to serve one's own interest is never desirable. A simple day's strike causes huge losses for this poor country. Many strikes we have come across. It is high time, we gave up the culture of calling strike for triffling or no reason. So, we have seen that the strike has both the sides— good and bad. We should try to use the good side of it and should try to refrain from the bad and evil side of it. স্ট্রাইক স্ট্রাইক পশ্চিমী দেশগুলির থেকে আমাদের দেশে আমদানী করা হয়েছে। কেবল ষাট থেকে সত্তর বছর আগেও এই স্ট্রাইক আমাদের সমাজে অজানা ছিল। আজকাল স্ট্রাইক ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশ এবং অন্যান্য দরিদ্র দেশে একটি নিয়মিত বিষয় হয়ে উঠেছে। এর মূল কারণ, নিঃসন্দেহে, দারিদ্র্য। স্ট্রাইক একটি খারাপ দৃষ্টান্তের শক্তিশালী ভিত্তি। দরিদ্র মানুষরা এই দুষ্টচক্রের মধ্যে ঘুরতে থাকে। মিল এবং কারখানায় দুই পক্ষ থাকে—মালিক এবং শ্রমিক। একাধিক সমস্যা এবং চাপের মুখে মালিকরা শ্রমিকদের প্রতি নিষ্ঠুর হয়ে ওঠেন। শ্রমিকরা আরও বেশি দাবি করতে শুরু করেন, কারণ তাদের চাহিদা বেড়ে যায়। মালিকরা শ্রমিকদের অসীম দাবির দিকে কান দেন না। এই মিল, কারখানা এবং শিল্পগুলির মালিকরা প্রাকৃতিকভাবে ধনী। শ্রমিকরা তাদের পাওনা না পেয়ে স্ট্রাইকের আশ্রয় নেন তাদের দাবি পূর্ণ করার জন্য। এর ফলে শ্রমিক এবং মালিকদের মধ্যে সংঘর্ষ শুরু হয়। বাংলাদেশে কিছু মানুষ সরকারে সমস্যা এবং বিশৃঙ্খলা সৃষ্টি করার চেষ্টা করছেন। এবং এজন্য তারা স্ট্রাইককে একটি ভাল অস্ত্র হিসেবে ব্যবহার করার চেষ্টা করছেন খারাপ উদ্দেশ্যে। আজকাল, দেশে স্ট্রাইকের প্রয়োজনীয়তা তেমন দেখা যায় না। নিঃসন্দেহে, একটি গণতান্ত্রিক দেশে যেখানে সবকিছু জনগণের জন্য এবং জনগণের দ্বারা করা হয়, সেখানে স্ট্রাইক ডাকা একটি গণতান্ত্রিক অধিকার। তবে এর জন্য কিছু কারণ থাকা আবশ্যক। শক্তিশালী কারণ ছাড়া বা অপ্রয়োজনীয় কারণ দিয়ে স্ট্রাইক ডাকা কখনোই কাম্য নয়। একটি সাধারণ দিনের স্ট্রাইক এই দরিদ্র দেশের জন্য ব্যাপক ক্ষতি সৃষ্টি করে। আমরা অনেক স্ট্রাইক দেখেছি। এখন সময় এসেছে, আমরা যেন তুচ্ছ বা অযৌক্তিক কারণে স্ট্রাইক ডাকার সংস্কৃতি পরিত্যাগ করি। তাহলে, আমরা দেখতে পাচ্ছি যে স্ট্রাইক এর দুটো দিক রয়েছে— ভাল এবং খারাপ। আমাদের উচিত এর ভাল দিকটি ব্যবহার করা এবং এর খারাপ ও ক্ষতিকর দিক থেকে বিরত থাকা।

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing TEA / A POPULAR DRINK Tea is the most popular drink nowadays. It is the leaf of a plant known as tea plant. The tea plant is an evergreen shrub. It is used as a hot drink. It had its origin in China. In Bangladesh it is an important item in export. So, it is a cash crop of Bangladesh. Tea grows in China, Indonesia, Japan, Brazil, Srilanka, Bangladesh, India and some other tropical countries. The tea-plants grows on hill­sides where the rainfall is abundant and the sunshine as well. But water must not remain stagnant at a place for a long time. In Bangladesh it is grown in the hilly parts of Sylhet, Comilla and Chittagong Hill tracts in plenty. The cultivation of tea plants is laborious. In the rainy season, the seeds are sown. Plants come out in a few days. Then they are transplanted in rows in a big area. In its wild state, it is allowed to grow twenty to thirty feet high. But in the tea gardens, after a certain stage, they are trimmed down and allowed to grow three to four feet high. Then they become bushy. The new leaves and buds come out. These are plucked three or four times a year. There are generally four crops a year but the first crop is the best. The first crop is gathered in April, the second in May, the third in June and the fourth in August. In a tea garden, hundreds of workers male and female are seen with baskets thrown over the back gathering the buds and leaves. The buds and the leaves thus gathered are spread lightly over wire trays and dried in the sun and then taken to the mills. The dry leaves are rolled over with machines. Thus the jute is pressed out of them. After the leaves are totally dry, they are kept on the floor of a slightly wet room. When the colour of the leaves turns copper, they are taken to a room for high temperature. This makes the leaves black. Special care is taken to preserve the flavour. Then it is powdered. After this, tea-leaves are packed in large chests for export or put up for sale in the market. The preparation of tea as a drink is very simple. A quantity of tea­leaves is put in boiling water soon. We get reddish liquor. The liquor is then poured through a service into cups. Some milk and sugar are added to make it tasteful. Tea is a pleasant drink to all. It removes lethargy, refreshes the mind and gives energy. People have it after hard labour because it gives freshness and vigour in mind and body. Tea produces bad result if taken in excess. It causes dyspepsia. It also kills appetite and may causes indigestion. Tea has a very great importance in the economy of Bangladesh. A considerable portion of her foreign exchange is due to tea. Her gardens also offer employment to people. Tea has become indispensable as our main food. It plays an important role in the economic well-being of our country. So, better steps should be taken for improving this industry. TEA, AN IMPORTANT CASH CROP OF BANGLADESH Tea is prepared from tea-leaves. Nowadays it is the most popular drink. Almost all men irrespective of the rich or the poor, the young or the old have tea once or twice a day. It is the most common item with which friends, guests and visitors are entertained. Thus tea-leaves are a very important item in the list of our daily shopping. Tea-leaves are also known as tea. Tea plants are evergreen shrubs. The tea plant grows mainly in China, Indonesia, Japan, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. In Bangladesh tea is cultivated in the hilly-areas of Sylhet and Chittagong. At present tea grows in Panchagor. There are beautiful tea gardens ih these parts of our country. The tea plant is grown on the sloping grounds where rain water cannot stand. The plants are put up in rows four to six feet apart. They are planted on the hilly slopes. The tea plant grows twenty to thirty feet high in the wild conditions. But in tea gardens it is allowed to grow only three to four feet high. Tea plants need strong sunshine and plenty of rainfall. When they are about our years old, two leaves and a bud are collected for manufacturing tea. The plants continue to give more and more leaves and buds until they grow ten years old. Old leaves are not good enough for making good tea. The best kind of tea can be prepared from the young and tender leaves. Tea is drunk all over the world as a refreshing drink. In Bangladesh it is an exportable item. It fetches a good chunk of foreign exchange. There are good areas in Bangladesh for its cultivation. All concerned should, therefore, take every care to grow more tea and boost up its export. Translation: চা / একটি জনপ্রিয় পানীয় চা বর্তমানে সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় পানীয়। এটি একটি গাছের পাতা, যাকে চা গাছ বলা হয়। চা গাছ একটি চিরসবুজ গুল্ম। এটি একটি গরম পানীয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এর উৎপত্তি চীনে। বাংলাদেশে এটি একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রপ্তানি পণ্য। তাই, এটি বাংলাদেশের একটি অর্থনৈতিক ফসল। চা চীনে, ইন্দোনেশিয়া, জাপান, ব্রাজিল, শ্রীলঙ্কা, বাংলাদেশ, ভারত এবং কিছু অন্যান্য ট্রপিক্যাল দেশে জন্মে। চা গাছগুলি পাহাড়ি এলাকায় বেড়ে ওঠে যেখানে বৃষ্টি প্রচুর এবং সূর্যও ভালোভাবে থাকে। তবে, জল কখনোই দীর্ঘ সময় এক জায়গায় জমে থাকতে পারে না। বাংলাদেশে এটি সিলেট, কুমিল্লা এবং চট্টগ্রাম পাহাড়ি অঞ্চলে প্রচুর পরিমাণে চাষ হয়। চা গাছ চাষ কঠিন কাজ। বর্ষাকালে চা গাছের বীজ বোনা হয়। কয়েক দিনের মধ্যে গাছ গজিয়ে ওঠে। তারপর, সেগুলোকে একটি বিশাল এলাকায় সারিতে সারি করে স্থানান্তরিত করা হয়। এর প্রকৃতিতে এটি ২০ থেকে ৩০ ফুট উচ্চতায় বেড়ে উঠতে পারে, তবে চা বাগানে একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ পর, গাছগুলোকে কেটে ছোট করা হয় এবং ৩ থেকে ৪ ফুট উচ্চতায় বেড়ে উঠতে দেওয়া হয়। এরপর তা ঝোঁপের মতো হয়ে যায়। নতুন পাতা ও কুঁড়ি বের হয়। এই কুঁড়ি এবং পাতা বছরে তিন বা চার বার তোলা হয়। সাধারণত, চারটি ফসল হয় প্রতি বছর, কিন্তু প্রথম ফসলই সবচেয়ে ভালো। প্রথম ফসল এপ্রিল মাসে, দ্বিতীয় ফসল মে মাসে, তৃতীয় ফসল জুন মাসে এবং চতুর্থ ফসল আগস্টে নেওয়া হয়। চা বাগানে শত শত পুরুষ এবং মহিলাকে দেখা যায়, যাদের পিঠে ঝুলানো ঝুলির মধ্যে কুঁড়ি ও পাতা সংগ্রহ করতে। যেভাবে পাতা সংগ্রহ করা হয়, সেগুলো হালকাভাবে তারের ট্রেতে ছড়িয়ে দিয়ে রোদে শুকানো হয় এবং তারপর মিলসে নেওয়া হয়। শুকনো পাতাগুলো মেশিনের সাহায্যে রোল করা হয়। এর ফলে জুট বের হয়ে আসে। পাতা পুরোপুরি শুকানোর পর, সেগুলো এক ধরনের আর্দ্র কক্ষে রাখা হয়। যখন পাতার রঙ তামাটে হয়ে যায়, তখন সেগুলোকে একটি গরম কক্ষে নেওয়া হয়। এটি পাতাগুলিকে কালো করে তোলে। স্বাদ রক্ষা করতে বিশেষ যত্ন নেওয়া হয়। এরপর, পাতা পাউডার আকারে প্রস্তুত করা হয়। তারপর, চা পাতা বড় বাক্সে রপ্তানি বা বাজারে বিক্রির জন্য প্যাক করা হয়। চা পানীয় হিসেবে প্রস্তুত করা খুব সহজ। একটি পরিমাণ চা পাতা দ্রুত ফুটন্ত জলে রাখা হয়। এতে এক ধরনের লালচে তরল তৈরি হয়। এই তরলটি তারপর সেবা করতে কাপের মধ্যে ঢেলে দেওয়া হয়। কিছু দুধ ও চিনি যোগ করা হয় যাতে এটি আরও সুস্বাদু হয়। চা একটি আনন্দদায়ক পানীয় যা সবার কাছে জনপ্রিয়। এটি ক্লান্তি দূর করে, মনকে তাজা করে এবং শরীরে শক্তি যোগায়। কঠিন পরিশ্রমের পর মানুষ এটি খায় কারণ এটি মানসিক এবং শারীরিক সতেজতা দেয়। তবে অতিরিক্ত চা পান করলে খারাপ ফল হতে পারে। এটি অম্বল সৃষ্টি করে, ক্ষুধা নাশ করে এবং হজমের সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। বাংলাদেশের অর্থনীতিতে চায়ের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রয়েছে। দেশের বৈদেশিক মুদ্রার একটি উল্লেখযোগ্য অংশ চা থেকে আসে। চা বাগানগুলিও মানুষের কর্মসংস্থান তৈরি করে। চা এখন আমাদের প্রধান খাদ্যের অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হয়ে উঠেছে। এটি আমাদের দেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমৃদ্ধিতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। তাই, এই শিল্পের উন্নতির জন্য আরও ভালো পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া উচিত। Key Points: Key Points: Tea / A Popular Drink Origin & Popularity: Tea, an evergreen shrub, originated in China and is now a popular drink worldwide. In Bangladesh, it’s an important export and cash crop. Growing Conditions: Tea thrives in tropical countries like China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. In Bangladesh, it grows in hilly areas with abundant rainfall, such as Sylhet, Comilla, and Chittagong. Cultivation Process: Tea is labor-intensive to grow. After sowing seeds in the rainy season, plants are trimmed to 3-4 feet. The leaves and buds are plucked 3-4 times a year, with the best crop in April. Processing: After plucking, leaves are dried, rolled, and processed in mills to preserve flavor and color. They are then packed for export or market sale. Preparation: Tea is made by steeping leaves in boiling water, producing a reddish liquor, which is served with milk and sugar. Health Effects: Tea refreshes the body and mind but excessive consumption can cause indigestion and loss of appetite. Economic Importance: Tea plays a significant role in Bangladesh’s economy, contributing to foreign exchange and providing employment in tea gardens. It is essential to the country’s economic growth. Development Needs: Efforts should be made to expand tea cultivation and export in Bangladesh. vocabulary from the text TEA / A POPULAR DRINK in the format you requested: Vocabulary English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Tea A popular drink made from the leaves of a plant. চা (Cha) चाय (Chai) Popular Liked or enjoyed by many people. জনপ্রিয় (Jonopriyo) लोकप्रिय (Lokpriya) Drink A liquid that is consumed. পানীয় (Paniyo) पेय (Pey) Leaf The green part of a plant that grows from the stem. পাতা (Pata) पत्ता (Patta) Plant A living organism that grows in soil. উদ্ভিদ (Udbhido) पौधा (Paudha) Evergreen A plant that has leaves all year round. চিরসবুজ (Chirosobuj) सदाबहार (Sadabahar) Origin The point at which something begins or arises. উত্স (Uts) उत्पत्ति (Utpadti) Export The act of sending goods to another country for sale. রপ্তানি (Rôptani) निर्यात (Niryat) Cash crop A crop grown for sale rather than personal consumption. বাণিজ্যিক ফসল (Banijjik Fôshol) नगदी फसल (Nagdi Fasal) Cultivation The process of growing crops. চাষাবাদ (Chashabad) कृषि (Krishi) Tropical Relating to hot and humid regions near the equator. উষ্ণমণ্ডলীয় (Ushnomondoliyo) उष्णकटिबंधीय (Ushnkatibandhi) Hillside The side of a hill. পাহাড়ের পাদদেশ (Paharer Paddesh) पहाड़ी ढलान (Pahaadi Dhalan) Rainfall The amount of rain that falls in a particular area. বৃষ্টিপাত (Brishtipat) वर्षा (Varsha) Stagnant Water that does not flow and becomes dirty. স্তব্ধ (Stobdh) ठहरा हुआ (Thahra Hua) Plenty A large quantity of something. প্রচুর (Prochur) बहुतायत (Bahutayat) Laborious Requiring a lot of effort and hard work. শ্রমসাধ্য (Shromshadhyo) श्रमसाध्य (Shramshadhya) Transplant To move a plant from one place to another. স্থানান্তর করা (Sthanantar Kora) स्थानांतरण (Sthaanantaran) Wild state A plant’s natural condition, not cultivated. প্রকৃতির অবস্থা (Prokritir Obostha) जंगली अवस्था (Jangli Avstha) Trimmed To cut or remove parts of something to make it neat. ছাঁটা (Chanta) काटना (Kaatna) Bushy Full of thick branches or leaves. ঝোপঝাড় (Jhopjharo) झाड़ीदार (Jhaadidar) Plucked To pick something, especially leaves or fruit. তোলা (Tola) तोड़ना (Todna) Crops The plants grown for food or other uses. ফসল (Fôshol) फसल (Fasal) Gathered To collect things from different places. সংগ্রহ করা (Songroho Kora) इकट्ठा करना (Ikatha Karna) Dried To remove moisture from something. শুকানো (Shukano) सूखा हुआ (Sookha Hua) Rolled To move something in a circular motion. মোড়ানো (Morano) लुड़काना (Ludkana) Pressed To apply force to something. চেপে ধরা (Chepe Dhora) दबाना (Dabana) Temperature The degree of heat or cold in something. তাপমাত্রা (Tāpmatra) तापमान (Taapmaan) Flavour The taste of food or drink. স্বাদ (Shad) स्वाद (Swaad) Powdered To turn into a fine, dry powder. গুঁড়ো করা (Guro Kora) पाउडर किया हुआ (Powder Kiya Hua) Packed To put something into a container. প্যাক করা (Pack Kora) पैक किया हुआ (Pack Kiya Hua) Exported Sent to another country for sale. রপ্তানি করা (Rôptani Kora) निर्यात किया हुआ (Niryat Kiya Hua) Indispensable Absolutely necessary. অপরিহার্য (Oporiharya) अनिवार्य (Anivarya) Lethargy A state of sluggishness or lack of energy. অবসাদ (Obosad) सुस्ती (Susti) Refreshes To make someone feel more energetic. সতেজ করা (Sotej Kora) ताजगी देना (Tajgi Dena) Vigour Physical strength and good health. শক্তি (Shokti) शक्ति (Shakti) Dyspepsia Indigestion or difficulty in digesting food. পেটের গোলমাল (Poter Golmal) अपच (Apach) Appetite The desire to eat food. ক্ষুধা (Khudha) भूख (Bhookh) Indigestion The inability to digest food properly. অম্লপিত্ত (Amlapitto) अपच (Apach) Importance The state of being of great value or significance. গুরুত্ব (Gurutto) महत्व (Mahattva) Foreign exchange Money that one country earns from exports. বৈদেশিক মুদ্রা (Boideshik Mudra) विदेशी मुद्रा (Videshi Mudra) Employment The condition of having a paid job. চাকরি (Chakri) रोजगार (Rozgar) Well-being The state of being happy, healthy, or prosperous. কল্যাণ (Kôlyan) कल्याण (Kalyan) Boost To increase or improve something. বৃদ্ধি করা (Briddhi Kora) बढ़ावा देना (Badhaava Dena) Steps Actions taken to achieve a goal. পদক্ষেপ (Pôdshekh) कदम (Kadam)

Paragraph Writing Metro Rail vs. Traditional Bus in Dhaka City Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces significant transportation challenges due to its dense population and heavy traffic congestion. Two primary modes of public transportation in Dhaka are the metro rail and the traditional bus system. Each has distinct characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks. Firstly, the metro rail is a recent addition to Dhaka's transportation network. It offers a modern and efficient means of travel. The metro rail operates on a fixed track, which helps avoid traffic congestion, ensuring a consistent and reliable schedule. This punctuality is a significant advantage for daily commuters who need to reach their destinations on time. Additionally, the metro rail is environmentally friendly, as it is electrically powered and produces less air pollution compared to other forms of transport. The metro also provides a comfortable and spacious environment for passengers, featuring air-conditioned coaches and ample seating. However, the construction and maintenance of the metro rail require substantial investment, making it a costly infrastructure project. Despite its benefits, the metro's limited reach means it cannot serve all areas of Dhaka, making it less accessible for some residents. In contrast, the traditional bus system in Dhaka has been in operation for decades and is a crucial part of the city's public transportation. Buses cover an extensive network, reaching almost every part of the city, making them highly accessible. They offer an affordable transportation option for the general public, catering to both short and long-distance travel within the city. However, buses are often plagued by issues such as overcrowding, frequent delays due to traffic jams, and a lack of cleanliness. Additionally, traditional buses contribute significantly to air pollution and noise in Dhaka, as many of them run on diesel. The inconsistent schedule and unpredictable travel times can be frustrating for commuters who rely on buses for their daily commutes. In conclusion, while the metro rail in Dhaka provides a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional bus system, it is limited by its reach and high costs. On the other hand, traditional buses offer wide accessibility and affordability but suffer from issues related to comfort, reliability, and environmental impact. Both modes of transport play essential roles in addressing the city's transportation needs, but they cater to different aspects of public demand. Model Answer-2 Metro Rail vs. Traditional Bus in Dhaka City Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces serious traffic problems, and two main public transport options are the metro rail and traditional buses. The metro rail is a modern, fast, and eco-friendly system that avoids traffic as it runs on elevated tracks. It is reliable, comfortable, and produces less pollution, with air-conditioned coaches and fixed schedules. However, it is expensive to build and maintain, and it doesn’t cover all areas of the city, limiting its use for many people. On the other hand, traditional buses have been used for decades and provide affordable and accessible transportation to almost all parts of Dhaka. They are a cheaper option for most people and support both short and long trips. However, buses often face delays due to traffic, overcrowding, and lack of cleanliness. Many buses also run on diesel, causing air and noise pollution, and their schedules can be unpredictable. In conclusion, the metro rail is modern and efficient but limited in reach and costly, while buses are affordable and widely available but uncomfortable and less reliable. Both play important roles in Dhaka’s public transportation system, meeting different needs for the city's residents. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing Metro Rail vs. Traditional Bus in Dhaka City The metro rail and traditional buses are two important modes of transportation in Dhaka City, but they differ greatly in terms of speed, comfort, and efficiency. The metro rail is modern, fast, and reliable. It operates on a separate track, avoiding Dhaka’s traffic jams. Passengers can travel quickly and comfortably, saving time during busy hours. The metro rail is also cleaner and more environmentally friendly, as it runs on electricity and reduces air pollution. In contrast, traditional buses are slower and often stuck in heavy traffic. They are less comfortable, as buses are usually overcrowded, with insufficient seating. Many buses are old and poorly maintained, contributing to air pollution and road accidents. However, buses are more affordable and have a wider network, reaching areas not covered by the metro rail. While the metro rail offers a modern and efficient solution to Dhaka’s traffic problems, it is still limited to certain routes. Traditional buses remain essential for people traveling to areas beyond the metro’s reach. In conclusion, the metro rail is faster and more comfortable, but buses are cheaper and more accessible. Both play important roles in Dhaka’s transportation system, meeting the needs of different types of passengers. Metro Rail vs. Traditional Bus in Dhaka City Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, struggles with severe traffic congestion and transportation challenges due to its dense population. Two major public transport systems in the city are the metro rail and the traditional bus, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The metro rail is a modern and efficient solution, operating on dedicated tracks that avoid traffic. It provides a punctual and reliable schedule, which is beneficial for commuters. The metro rail is environmentally friendly, as it runs on electricity and produces less pollution. Passengers enjoy a comfortable experience with air-conditioned coaches and ample seating. However, the metro rail is costly to build and maintain, and its limited routes make it inaccessible to many residents. In contrast, the traditional bus system has been a long-standing and essential mode of transportation in Dhaka. Buses cover an extensive network, reaching almost all areas of the city. They are affordable and accessible for the majority of people. However, buses often face issues like overcrowding, delays caused by traffic jams, and poor cleanliness. Many buses also contribute to air and noise pollution as they run on diesel. Unreliable schedules and inconsistent travel times add to the challenges of using buses. In summary, the metro rail offers a modern, comfortable, and eco-friendly option but is limited by cost and coverage. Traditional buses provide affordability and wide reach but struggle with comfort, reliability, and environmental impact. Both systems are vital to Dhaka’s transportation needs, serving different segments of the population. Bangla Translation Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, faces significant transportation challenges due to its dense population and heavy traffic congestion.বাংলাদেশের রাজধানী ঢাকা ঘনবসতি এবং তীব্র যানজটের কারণে উল্লেখযোগ্য পরিবহন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন। Two primary modes of public transportation in Dhaka are the metro rail and the traditional bus system.ঢাকায় দুটি প্রধান গণপরিবহন ব্যবস্থা হলো মেট্রো রেল এবং ঐতিহ্যবাহী বাস। Each has distinct characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks.প্রতিটির নিজস্ব বৈশিষ্ট্য, সুবিধা এবং অসুবিধা রয়েছে। Firstly, the metro rail is a recent addition to Dhaka's transportation network.প্রথমত, মেট্রো রেল ঢাকার পরিবহন ব্যবস্থায় একটি সাম্প্রতিক সংযোজন। It offers a modern and efficient means of travel.এটি একটি আধুনিক ও কার্যকর যাতায়াত ব্যবস্থা সরবরাহ করে। The metro rail operates on a fixed track, which helps avoid traffic congestion, ensuring a consistent and reliable schedule.মেট্রো রেল নির্দিষ্ট রেলপথে চলে, যা যানজট এড়াতে সহায়তা করে এবং একটি নির্ভরযোগ্য সময়সূচি নিশ্চিত করে। This punctuality is a significant advantage for daily commuters who need to reach their destinations on time.সময়মতো গন্তব্যে পৌঁছানোর প্রয়োজন হয় এমন যাত্রীদের জন্য এই সময়ানুবর্তিতা একটি বড় সুবিধা। Additionally, the metro rail is environmentally friendly, as it is electrically powered and produces less air pollution compared to other forms of transport.এছাড়াও, মেট্রো রেল পরিবেশবান্ধব কারণ এটি বৈদ্যুতিক শক্তিতে চলে এবং অন্যান্য যানবাহনের তুলনায় কম বায়ু দূষণ করে। The metro also provides a comfortable and spacious environment for passengers, featuring air-conditioned coaches and ample seating.মেট্রো রেল যাত্রীদের জন্য শীতাতপনিয়ন্ত্রিত কোচ এবং পর্যাপ্ত আসন সহ আরামদায়ক ও প্রশস্ত পরিবেশ প্রদান করে। However, the construction and maintenance of the metro rail require substantial investment, making it a costly infrastructure project.তবে মেট্রো রেল নির্মাণ ও রক্ষণাবেক্ষণের জন্য বিপুল বিনিয়োগ প্রয়োজন, যা এটিকে একটি ব্যয়বহুল অবকাঠামো প্রকল্পে পরিণত করে। Despite its benefits, the metro's limited reach means it cannot serve all areas of Dhaka, making it less accessible for some residents.এর সুবিধাগুলোর পরেও, মেট্রোর সীমিত পরিসর ঢাকার সব এলাকায় পৌঁছাতে পারে না, যা কিছু বাসিন্দার জন্য কম সহজলভ্য করে তোলে। In contrast, the traditional bus system in Dhaka has been in operation for decades and is a crucial part of the city's public transportation.অন্যদিকে, ঢাকার ঐতিহ্যবাহী বাস ব্যবস্থা কয়েক দশক ধরে চালু রয়েছে এবং এটি শহরের গণপরিবহনের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। Buses cover an extensive network, reaching almost every part of the city, making them highly accessible.বাসগুলো বিস্তৃত নেটওয়ার্ক কভার করে, যা শহরের প্রায় প্রতিটি এলাকায় পৌঁছায় এবং এটিকে খুব সহজলভ্য করে তোলে। They offer an affordable transportation option for the general public, catering to both short and long-distance travel within the city.এগুলো সাধারণ জনগণের জন্য একটি সাশ্রয়ী যাতায়াতের বিকল্প প্রদান করে এবং শহরের ভেতরে স্বল্প ও দীর্ঘ উভয় দূরত্বের যাতায়াতের চাহিদা পূরণ করে। However, buses are often plagued by issues such as overcrowding, frequent delays due to traffic jams, and a lack of cleanliness.তবে বাসগুলো প্রায়ই অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, যানজটের কারণে ঘন ঘন বিলম্ব এবং পরিচ্ছন্নতার অভাবের সমস্যায় ভোগে। Additionally, traditional buses contribute significantly to air pollution and noise in Dhaka, as many of them run on diesel.তদুপরি, ঐতিহ্যবাহী বাসগুলো ঢাকায় বায়ু দূষণ এবং শব্দ দূষণে উল্লেখযোগ্য অবদান রাখে, কারণ এগুলোর বেশিরভাগই ডিজেলে চলে। The inconsistent schedule and unpredictable travel times can be frustrating for commuters who rely on buses for their daily commutes.অনিয়মিত সময়সূচি এবং অনিশ্চিত যাতায়াতের সময় যাত্রীদের জন্য হতাশাজনক হতে পারে যারা দৈনন্দিন যাতায়াতের জন্য বাসের উপর নির্ভর করে। In conclusion, while the metro rail in Dhaka provides a modern, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional bus system, it is limited by its reach and high costs.সর্বশেষে, ঢাকার মেট্রো রেল একটি আধুনিক, কার্যকর এবং পরিবেশবান্ধব বিকল্প সরবরাহ করলেও, এর সীমিত পরিসর এবং উচ্চ খরচের কারণে এটি কিছুটা সীমাবদ্ধ। On the other hand, traditional buses offer wide accessibility and affordability but suffer from issues related to comfort, reliability, and environmental impact.অন্যদিকে, ঐতিহ্যবাহী বাসগুলো সহজলভ্যতা এবং সাশ্রয়ী যাতায়াতের সুবিধা দিলেও আরাম, নির্ভরযোগ্যতা এবং পরিবেশগত প্রভাবের সমস্যায় ভুগে থাকে। Both modes of transport play essential roles in addressing the city's transportation needs, but they cater to different aspects of public demand.দুটি পরিবহন ব্যবস্থাই শহরের পরিবহন চাহিদা মেটাতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে, তবে তারা জনগণের বিভিন্ন চাহিদা পূরণ করে। Key Points: Metro Rail vs. Traditional Bus in Dhaka City Metro Rail: Modern, fast, and eco-friendly. Avoids traffic with elevated tracks. Provides a reliable, punctual schedule and comfortable, air-conditioned coaches. High construction and maintenance costs. Limited coverage, serving only certain routes. Traditional Bus: Affordable and widely accessible, covering almost all areas of Dhaka. Faces delays due to traffic congestion and overcrowding. Contributes to air and noise pollution as many run on diesel. Poor maintenance and cleanliness issues. Unreliable schedules and inconsistent travel times. Comparison: Metro Rail: Efficient, comfortable, and eco-friendly, but costly and limited in coverage. Bus: Affordable, widely accessible, but uncomfortable and unreliable. Conclusion: Both systems are essential for Dhaka's public transportation, catering to different needs and serving various segments of the population. Vocabulary: 100 vocabulary entries in bold, along with their meanings in English, Bangla, and Hindi. Word/Phrase English Meaning Bangla Meaning Hindi Meaning Affordable Reasonably priced or cheap সাশ্রয়ী सस्ता Air pollution Contamination of the air by harmful substances বায়ু দূষণ वायु प्रदूषण Ample seating Enough or more than enough seats পর্যাপ্ত আসন पर्याप्त बैठने की जगह Availability The state of being able to be used or obtained প্রাপ্যতা उपलब्धता Comfortable Providing physical ease and relaxation আরামদায়ক आमदार Congestion Overcrowding or blockage of traffic ভিড়ভাট্টা भीड़भाड़ Costly Expensive, requiring a lot of money ব্যয়বহুল महंगा Coverage The extent to which something is available or included কভারেজ कवरेज Diesel A type of fuel used in some engines ডিজেল डीजल Eco-friendly Not harmful to the environment পরিবেশবান্ধব पर्यावरणीय अनुकूल Environmental Related to the natural world and the impact of human activity পরিবেশগত पर्यावरणीय Essential Absolutely necessary অপরিহার্য आवश्यक Extensive Covering a large area or range ব্যাপক व्यापक Faster Moving at high speed দ্রুত तेज़ Fixed track A predetermined path for transportation নির্ধারিত পথ निश्चित मार्ग Garbage Waste material, typically discarded in the streets ময়লা कचरा Jam A situation of heavy, clogged traffic যানজট जाम Limited Restricted in extent, number, or scope সীমিত सीमित Modern Using the latest ideas or techniques আধুনিক आधुनिक Pollution The presence of harmful substances in the environment দুষণ प्रदूषण Public transport System of transport available to all members of society গণপরিবহন सार्वजनिक परिवहन Punctual On time, not late সময়ানুবর্তী समयपालन Reliability The quality of being dependable or consistent নির্ভরযোগ্য विश्वसनीय Schedule A plan for carrying out an activity at a specified time সময়সূচী समयसारणी Traffic The movement of vehicles and people ট্রাফিক ट्रैफिक Unpredictable Not able to be predicted or anticipated অনির্ধারিত अप्रत्याशित Unreliable Not dependable or trustworthy অবিশ্বস্ত अविश्वसनीय Accurate Correct in all details; precise সঠিক सटीक Affordable Reasonably priced or cheap সাশ্রয়ী सस्ता Air-conditioned Having a system to control temperature or humidity এয়ার কন্ডিশনড एयर कंडीशन Beneficial Having a good effect; helpful উপকারী लाभकारी Broad Wide in extent or range প্রশস্ত विस्तृत Capacity The maximum amount something can contain or achieve ক্ষমতা क्षमता Collaboration Working together to achieve a common goal সহযোগিতা सहयोग Commuter A person who travels a distance to work regularly যাত্রী यात्री Congestion Overcrowding or blockage, especially of traffic ভিড়ভাট্টা भीड़भाड़ Contamination The action or process of making something impure or polluted দূষণ प्रदूषण Convenient Easy to use, near, or handy for a particular purpose সুবিধাজনক सुविधाजनक Critical Of great importance or necessity গুরুতর गंभीर Damaging Causing harm or injury ক্ষতিকর हानिकारक Delays A situation in which something takes longer than expected বিলম্ব विलंब Demand The desire or need for goods or services চাহিদা मांग Diverse Showing a great deal of variety; different বৈচিত্র্যময় विविध Efficient Achieving maximum productivity with minimum effort দক্ষ कुशल Environmentally In a way that relates to the natural world পরিবেশগতভাবে पर्यावरणीय रूप से Excessive More than what is necessary, excessive অতিরিক্ত अत्यधिक Expansion The process of increasing in size, number, or importance বিস্তৃতি विस्तार Feedback Information or criticism about one's performance প্রতিক্রিয়া प्रतिक्रिया Flexible Able to change or be changed easily অলঙ্কৃত लचीला Function The purpose or role of something কর্ম कार्य Global Relating to the whole world বিশ্বজনীন वैश्विक Growth The process of increasing in size or value বৃদ্ধি वृद्धि Guideline A general rule or principle followed to ensure success নির্দেশিকা मार्गदर्शिका Impact A marked effect or influence প্রভাব प्रभाव Inclusive Including all; not excluding any group or category অন্তর্ভুক্ত समावेशी Infrastructure The basic physical systems needed for a country to function মৌলিক অবকাঠামো आधारभूत संरचना Interactive Allowing a two-way flow of information ইন্টারঅ্যাকটিভ इंटरएक्टिव Intelligent Having the ability to think, understand, and learn quickly বুদ্ধিমান बुद्धिमान Journey The act of traveling from one place to another যাত্রা यात्रा Labor Work, especially hard physical work শ্রম श्रम Management The process of controlling or directing something ব্যবস্থাপনা प्रबंधन Market A place where goods are bought and sold বাজার बाजार Mobility The ability to move freely and easily গতি

Passage Narration Exercise 5.0 ( Board Questions) [DHAKA BOARD-2022] 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                          "Follow my example," she said as we shook hands. "and never eat more than one thing for luncheon." "I'll do better than that," I retorted. "I'll eat nothing for dinner tonight." "Humorist! you're quite a humorist," she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. [RAJSHAHI BOARD-2022] 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                "What happened to you, Tareq?" said Rashed. "I was sick with the flu. Have you heard anything about our exam?" said Tareq. "It is on 23 October. You need to collect the admit card of the exam," said Rashed. "From where can I get it?" said Tareq. "It is in the office room," said Rashed [JASHORE BOARD-2022] 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                  "Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?" asked the passer-by. "I am crying because I have none to look after me," said the street child. "Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am," said the boy. [CUMILLA BOARD-2022] 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Stop. Didn't I tell you to stop? You cannot go there," said the sergeant. "Oh! very well, it is hard thing to be very poor. All the world is against the poor," said the man. [CHATTOGRAM BOARD-2022] 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. He said, "I can chop some wood today," "You? But you're small." "Size don't matter, chopping wood," Jerry said. "Some of the big boys don't chop good. I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a longtime." [SYLHET BOARD-2022] 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Could I help you, Sir?" said the receptionist. The man replied, "Sure, I want to meet the Managing Director of the company." The receptionist said, "Do you have an appointment?" "Yes, I have," he said. "Wait for a while," said the receptionist. [BARISHAL BOARD-2022] 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child," said the woman. "Let her have him." The king said, "Now everything is clear to me." Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, "Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby." [DINAJPUR BOARD-2022] 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Where is the cattle which these people graze and where are the fields they plough, uncle?" he asked, turning to Daya Ram. "They have no cattle and no fields here," said the chaprasi, pushing his neck back to stiff uprightness. "It is only the rustics in the villages who graze cattle and plough the land," he said. [MYMENSINGH BOARD-2022] 10. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      Jerry said, "I can chop some wood today." "But I have a boy coming from the orphanage." "I'm the boy." "You? But you are small." "Size does not matter, chopping wood," Jerry said, "Some of the big boys don't chop good. I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time." HSC Examination- 2019 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board-2019] "Where do you like to go sir?" asked the ticket seller. " Cox's Bazar," replied the stranger. "How many tickets do you need?" "I will buy five tickets." "Take these tickets. They will cost three thousand taka," said the ticket seller. 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board-2019] "Why are you loitering here and there now? Are you in trouble ?" said the school teacher. "I am loitering because I have none to take care me," said the boy. The school teacher said, "Do you feel hungry?" "Yes, I am very hungry now," said the boy. 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Rajshahi Board-2019] A cat hearing that a hen was laid up sick in her nest, paid her a visit of condolence and said, "How are you, my dear? What can I do for you? Only tell me. Is there anything in the world that I can bring for you? " "Thank you," said the hen. "Do you be good enough to leave me, and I have no fear but I shall soon be well." 4. Change the following narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Jashore Board-2019] “Have you learnt your lessons ?” father said to Arman. "No, I've forgotten," said he. "That's very bad. You must be more careful about your preparation for the examination. By doing so you can make a good result," said his father. "Thank you very much for your timely advice." 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Sylhet Board-2019] "Why did you stop me? I didn't do anything wrong. did I? " asked Riyad. "You were driving too fast," said the traffic sergeant, giving him a glare, " Now! Show me your driving license." 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Barishal Board-2019] Returning home, my mother said to me. "Your progress in studies is very slow. You always move about with a group of your friends. Aren't you idling away your time with them? Can't you be more serious? " "I am sorry and I will amend myself," I replied. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Chattogram Board-2019 ; Rajshahi Board-2017 ] "Whose picture is it?" I asked. "A little girl's of course, " said Grandmother. "Can't you tell? " "Yes, but did you know the girl? " "Yes, I knew her," said Granny, "But she was a very wicked girl and I shouldn't tell you about her." 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dinajpur Board-2019;Cumilla Board-2013] "My sons" said he, "A great treasure lies hidden in the estate. I am about to leave you." "Where is it hidden?" said the sons. "I am about to tell you," said the old man. "But you must dig the land for it." HSC Examination- 2018 All Board Questions 9. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [HSC Exam Kh Set-2018] "How much do you want ?" said the Mayor. "A thousand guilders, " said the pied piper. "All right," said the Mayor. "We'll pay you a thousand guilders. When will you set to work?" Now, said the Pied Piper. 10. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [HSC Exam Kha Set-2018;Dinajpur Board-2012] "Will you buy my hair?" asked Della. I buy hair," said Madame. "Take your hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it." "Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practiced hand. "Give it to me quick," said Della. HSC Examination- 2017 All Board Questions 11. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board-2017; Jashore Board-2012 ] "Follow my example," she said as we shook hands," and never ear more than one thing for luncheon." "I'll do better than that," said retorted. "I'll eat nothing for dinner tonight. "Humorist," she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. 12. Change the narrative style by using Indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board- 2017;Dinajpur Board-2016 ] “Have you saved something for the future?” said the Richman. “No,” said the cobbler. “I am happy with the present and think little about tomorrow.” “No, that would not do,” said the Richman. “I like to see you above want. Have this money and keep it.” 13. Change the narrative style by using direct speech: [Jashore Board-2017] The teacher asked the students if they had heard the name of Aesop. The students respectfully replied that they had not and asked the teacher who he had been. The teacher advised them to listen to his lecture attentively and they would be able to know about him. He also exclaimed with wonder that his fables were very interesting and instructive. 14. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Sylhet Board-2017] "Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?" asked the passer-by. "I am crying because I have none to look after me," said the street child. "Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am," said the boy. 15. Rewrite the following in the reported speech: [Barishal Board-2017] “Please give me your English grammar book,” said Fahim. “I can not give it,” said Arman. "I have to take it with me in the class." "I shall return the book before the class starts, Said Fahim. "Take it," said Arman. Thanks," said Fahim. 16. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Chattogram Board-2017] The witness told the international crimes tribunal that he had suddenly heard a gunshot and gone towards the door. He added that he had seen many Al Badr men and the members of the Pakistani army on his house premises. The judge asked him if he had recognized some of the Al - Badr men. The witness answered that he could recognize one Hamid in his village who had brought the members of the Pakistani army to the village. 17. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dinajpur Board 2017] He said to me, “I am very sorry to trouble you, but I shall be much obliged you will kindly lend me your dictionary.” “I shall be very glad to be of service to you, and you are welcome to any of my books that you think of use to you,” said I. HSC Examination- 2016 All Board Questions 18. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board 2016] “Where do you come from?” I asked him. “From San Carlos,” he said and smiled. "I was taking care of animals, "Oh," I said, not quite understanding, " yes," he said. “I stayed, you see, taking care of animals. I was the last one to leave the town of San Carlos.” 19. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board-2016] One day Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and said, "Where do you live? " The woman said. "I live in a poor hut south end to this town. I'm hungry but there is no food in my house. Will you give me something to eat?” Hazrat Omar (R) said, “Go back home. I'm coming with food and money for you.” 20. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Rajshahi Board-2016] “Have you cut your nails short?” The teacher said to Maruf. "No, I've forgotten Sir," said Maruf. “That's very bad. You must be more careful about neatness and cleanliness. By doing so, you can prevent diarrhoea and some other diseases too,” said the teacher. 21. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Jashore Board-2016] I told the rickshaw puller that he had carried me a long way. Then I asked him how much I should pay him. I further asked him if fifty taka would do. He replied that anything was all right. 22. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Sylhet Board-2016] Once I asked a little girl what her mother's name was. She replied that she could remember her mother's name but she would not tell me that. She added that she did not tell her mother's name to anyone whom she did not know. I exclaimed with admiration that she was a very clever girl. 23. Change the narrative style by using Indirect speech: [Barishal Board-2016] "Do you know Bangladesh Open University offers an English self - learning course?" Sejan said to Shawan. "Yes, I have heard it from my father who works as a tutor of the course. It is a six-month course known as CELP," said Shawan. 24. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Chattogram Board-2016] "Why are your children crying, my daughter ?" said the Caliph. They have been starving " said the woman. "Have you none else the world?" "My husband died some months ago. He left them neither money nor any property. So, they are in great distress. They have to starve sometimes." "Oh! Let me see, how I can help you ?" said the Caliph. 25. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: "Why are you putting the food in your pocket, sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the nobleman. "I am doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes," replied Sheikh Saadi. "I am sorry. I don't understand what you mean to say," said the nobleman. Passage Narration Exercise 5.0 With Answer A+ A- [DHAKA BOARD-2022]   1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                          "Follow my example," she said as we shook hands. "and never eat more than one thing for luncheon." "I'll do better than that," I retorted. "I'll eat nothing for dinner tonight." "Humorist! you're quite a humorist," she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. Answer: As we shook hands, she suggested me to follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon. Then I retorted that I would do better than that and added that I would eat nothing for dinner that night. Hearing this, she exclaimed with wonder that I was a humorist and cried gaily said that I was quite a humorist, jumping into a cab   [RAJSHAHI BOARD-2022] 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                "What happened to you, Tareq?" said Rashed. "I was sick with the flu. Have you heard anything about our exam?" said Tareq. "It is on 23 October. You need to collect the admit card of the exam," said Rashed. "From where can I get it?" said Tareq. "It is in the office room," said Rashed Answer: Rashed asked Tareq what had happened to him. Tareq replied that he had been sick with the flu. Then he asked Rashed whether he had heard anything about their exam. Rashed told that that was on 23 October. He added that he (T) needed to collect the admit card of the exam. Tareq asked from where he could get it. Rashed told that that was in the office room. [JASHORE BOARD-2022] 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                  "Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?" asked the passer-by. "I am crying because I have none to look after me," said the street child. "Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am," said the boy. Answer: The passer-by asked the street child why he was crying. He also asked the boy if he had any problem. The street child replied that he was crying because he had none to look after him. The passer-by again asked the boy whether he was hungry. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he was hungry. [CUMILLA BOARD-2022] 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Stop. Didn't I tell you to stop? You cannot go there," said the sergeant. "Oh! very well, it is hard thing to be very poor. All the world is against the poor," said the man. Answer: The sergeant ordered the man to stop. He then asked him (M) if he (S) had not told him (M) to stop. He (S) further said that he (M) could not go there. Then accepting the idea with astonishment, the man said that it was hard thing to be very poor. He further added that all the world was against the poor. [CHATTOGRAM BOARD-2022] 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. He said, "I can chop some wood today," "You? But you're small." "Size don't matter, chopping wood," Jerry said. "Some of the big boys don't chop good. I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a longtime." Answer: Jerry told me that he could chop some wood that day. Being astonished/hesitated I asked him if he was small. At this he assured me that size did not matter chopping wood. He added that some of the big boys didn't chop good. He further told that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. [SYLHET BOARD-2022] 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Could I help you, Sir?" said the receptionist. The man replied, "Sure, I want to meet the Managing Director of the company." The receptionist said, "Do you have an appointment?" "Yes, I have," he said. "Wait for a while," said the receptionist. Answer: Addressing the man as sir the receptionist asked him if she (R) could have helped him. The man replied with assurance and said that he wanted to meet the Managing Director of the company. Then the receptionist asked if he had an appointment. He replied in the affirmative and said that he had. At this the receptionist told him to wait for a while. [BARISHAL BOARD-2022] 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child," said the woman. "Let her have him." The king said, "Now everything is clear to me." Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, "Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby." Answer: Addressing the king as her lord the woman requested him not to kill the child and said that she might be allowed to have him. The king said that then everything was clear to him. And then pointing to the woman he asked the servant to give her the child. He added that she was the mother of the baby. [DINAJPUR BOARD-2022] 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      "Where is the cattle which these people graze and where are the fields they plough, uncle?" he asked, turning to Daya Ram. "They have no cattle and no fields here," said the chaprasi, pushing his neck back to stiff uprightness. "It is only the rustics in the villages who graze cattle and plough the land," he said. Answer: Turning to Daya Ram and addressing him as his uncle he asked him where the cattle was which those people grazed and where the fields were they ploughed. Pushing his neck back to stiff uprightness the chaprashi replied that they had no cattle and no fields there. He (C) added that it was only the rustics in the villages who grazed cattle and ploughed the land. [MYMENSINGH BOARD-2023] 9. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                      Jerry said, "I can chop some wood today." "But I have a boy coming from the orphanage." "I'm the boy." "You? But you are small." "Size does not matter, chopping wood," Jerry said, "Some of the big boys don't chop good. I've been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time." Answer: Jerry told me that he could chop some wood that day. But I said that I had a boy coming from the orphanage. He said that he was the boy. Being astonished, I asked him if he was the boy and said with hesitation that he was small. At this he assured me that size didn't matter chopping wood. and added that some of the big boys did not chop good. He further added that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. HSC Examination- 2019 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board-2019] "Where do you like to go sir?" asked the ticket seller. " Cox's Bazar," replied the stranger. "How many tickets do you need?" "I will buy five tickets." "Take these tickets. They will cost three thousand taka," said the ticket seller. Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they cost three thousand taka. 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board-2019] "Why are you loitering here and there now? Are you in trouble ?" said the school teacher. "I am loitering because I have none to take care me," said the boy. The school teacher said, "Do you feel hungry?" "Yes, I am very hungry now," said the boy. Answer: The school teacher asked the boy why he (B) was loitering here and there then. He (T) also asked him (B) if he (B) was in trouble. The boy replied that he (B) was loitering because he (B) had none to take care him (B). The school teacher asked him (B) if he (B) felt hungry. The boy replied that he (B) was very hungry then. 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Rajshahi Board-2019] A cat hearing that a hen was laid up sick in her nest, paid her a visit of condolence and said, "How are you, my dear? What can I do for you? Only tell me. Is there anything in the world that I can bring for you? " "Thank you," said the hen. "Do you be good enough to leave me, and I have no fear but I shall soon be well." Answer: A cat hearing that a hen was laid up sick in her nest, paid her a visit of condolence and asked her dearly how she was. He also asked her what he could do for her. He again asked her to tell him if there was anything in the world that he could bring for her. The hen thanked him. She requested him to be good enough to leave her. She added that she had no fear but she would soon be well. 4. Change the following narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Jashore Board-2019] “Have you learnt your lessons ?” father said to Arman. "No, I've forgotten," said he. "That's very bad. You must be more careful about your preparation for the examination. By doing so you can make a good result," said his father. "Thank you very much for your timely advice." Answer: Father asked Arman if he (A) had learnt his (A) lessons. Arman replied in the negative and said that he (A) had forgotten. Father told him that that was very bad. He (F) added that Arman had to be more careful about his (A) preparation for the examination and by doing so, he (A) could make a good result. Arman thanked him (F) very much for his (F) timely advice. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Sylhet Board-2019] "Why did you stop me? I didn't do anything wrong. did I? " asked Riyad. "You were driving too fast," said the traffic sergeant, giving him a glare, " Now! Show me your driving license." Answer: Riyad asked the traffic sergeant why he (T) had stopped him (R). He (R) added that he (R) had not done anything wrong. Giving him a glare, the traffic sergeant told him (R) that he (R) had been driving too fast. Then he (T) told Riyad to show him (T) his (R) driving license. 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Barishal Board-2019] Returning home, my mother said to me. "Your progress in studies is very slow. You always move about with a group of your friends. Aren't you idling away your time with them? Can't you be more serious? " "I am sorry and I will amend myself," I replied. Answer: Returning home, my mother told me that my progress in studies was very slow. She added that I always moved about with a group of my friends. She asked me if I was idling away my time with them. She again asked me if I could not be more serious. I replied that was sorry and I would amend myself. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [ Chattogram Board-2019 ; Rajshahi Board-2017 ] "Whose picture is it?" I asked. "A little girl's of course, " said Grandmother. "Can't you tell? " "Yes, but did you know the girl? " "Yes, I knew her," said Granny, "But she was a very wicked girl and I shouldn't tell you about her." Answer: I asked Grandmother whose picture it was. Grandmother replied that it was of course a little girl's picture. She asked me if I could not tell that. I replied in the affirmative and asked her if she had known the girl. Grandmother replied in the affirmative and said that she had known her, but she (Girl) had been a very wicked girl and should not tell me about her(Girl). 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dinajpur Board-2019;Cumilla Board-2013] "My sons" said he, "A great treasure lies hidden in the estate. I am about to leave you." "Where is it hidden?" said the sons. "I am about to tell you," said the old man. "But you must dig the land for it." Answer: The old man told his sons that a great treasure lay hidden in the estate. He added that he was about to leave the sons. The sons asked him where it was hidden. The old man told them that he was about to tell them but they had to dig the land for it. HSC Examination- 2018 All Board Questions 9. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [HSC Exam Kh Set-2018] "How much do you want ?" said the Mayor. "A thousand guilders, " said the pied piper. "All right," said the Mayor. "We'll pay you a thousand guilders. When will you set to work?" Now, said the Pied Piper. Answer: The Mayor asked the Pied Piper how much he wanted. The Pied Piper replied that be wanted a thousand guilders. The Mayor accepted the proposal and said that they would pay him a thousand guilders. Then he asked the piper when he would set to work. The Piper Piper replied that he would set to work then. 10. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [HSC Exam Kha Set-2018;Dinajpur Board-2012] "Will you buy my hair?" asked Della. I buy hair," said Madame. "Take your hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it." "Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practiced hand. "Give it to me quick," said Della. Answer: Della asked Madame if she (M) would buy her (D) hair. Madame replied that she (M) bought hair. She (M) told her (D) to take her (D) hat off and let them have a sight at the looks of it. Then Madame told her (D) that they would give her (D) twenty dollars, lifting the mass with a practiced hand. Della told her (M) to give it to her (D) quickly. HSC Examination- 2017 All Board Questions 11. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board-2017; Jashore Board-2012 ] "Follow my example," she said as we shook hands," and never ear more than one thing for luncheon." "I'll do better than that," said retorted. "I'll eat nothing for dinner tonight. "Humorist," she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. Answer: As we shook hands, she told me to follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I retorted that I would do better than that and would eat nothing for dinner that night. Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily calling me a humorist. 12. Change the narrative style by using Indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board- 2017;Dinajpur Board-2016 ] “Have you saved something for the future?” said the Richman. “No,” said the cobbler. “I am happy with the present and think little about tomorrow.” “No, that would not do,” said the Richman. “I like to see you above want. Have this money and keep it.” Answer: The rich man asked the cobbler if he (C) had saved something for the future. The cobbler replied in the negative and added that he (C) was happy with the present and thought do. He (R) added that he (R) liked to see him (C) above want. He (R) told the cobbler to have that money and keep it. 13. Change the narrative style by using direct speech: [Jashore Board-2017] The teacher asked the students if they had heard the name of Aesop. The students respectfully replied that they had not and asked the teacher who he had been. The teacher advised them to listen to his lecture attentively and they would be able to know about him. He also exclaimed with wonder that his fables were very interesting and instructive. Answer: The teacher said to the students, "Have you heard the name of Aesop?" The students said, "Sir, we haven't. Who was he?" The teacher said to them, "Listen to my lecture attentively and you will be able to know about him. How interesting and instructive his fables are!" 14. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Sylhet Board-2017] "Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?" asked the passer-by. "I am crying because I have none to look after me," said the street child. "Are you hungry?" "Yes, I am," said the boy. Answer: The passerby asked the street child why he (C) was crying. He (P) also asked if he (C) had any problem. The street child replied that he (C) was crying because he (C) had none to look after him (C). The passerby asked him if he (C) was hungry. The child replied in the affirmative and said that he (C) was hungry. 15. Rewrite the following in the reported speech: [Barishal Board-2017] “Please give me your English grammar book,” said Fahim. “I can not give it,” said Arman. "I have to take it with me in the class." "I shall return the book before the class starts, Said Fahim. "Take it," said Arman. Thanks," said Fahim. Answer: Fahim requested Arman to give him (F) his (A) English grammar book. Arman replied that he (A) could not give it because he (A) had to take it with him (A) in the class. Fahim told Arman that he (F) would return the book before the class started. Arman told him (F) to take it. Fahim thanked Arman. 16. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Chattogram Board-2017] The witness told the international crimes tribunal that he had suddenly heard a gunshot and gone towards the door. He added that he had seen many Al Badr men and the members of the Pakistani army on his house premises. The judge asked him if he had recognized some of the Al - Badr men. The witness answered that he could recognize one Hamid in his village who had brought the members of the Pakistani army to the village. Answer: The witness told the international crimes tribunal, "I suddenly heard a gunshot and went towards the door. I saw many Al- Badr men and the members of the Pakistani army on his house premises." The judge said to him, "Have you recognized some of the Al-Badr men?" The witness answered, "I could recognize one Hamid in my village who brought the members of the Pakistani army to the village." 17. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dinajpur Board 2017] He said to me, “I am very sorry to trouble you, but I shall be much obliged you will kindly lend me your dictionary.” “I shall be very glad to be of service to you, and you are welcome to any of my books that you think of use to you,” said I. Answer: He told me that he was very sorry to trouble me. but he would be much obliged if I would kindly lend him my dictionary. I told him that I would be very glad to be of service to him, and he was welcome to any of my books that he thought of use to him. HSC Examination- 2016 All Board Questions 18. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Dhaka Board 2016] “Where do you come from?” I asked him. “From San Carlos,” he said and smiled. "I was taking care of animals, "Oh," I said, not quite understanding, " yes," he said. “I stayed, you see, taking care of animals. I was the last one to leave the town of San Carlos.” Answer: I asked him where he came from. He replied that he came from San Carlos and smiled. He added that he had been taking care of animals. I exclaimed without quite understanding. He said again that he had stayed taking care of animals, He also said that he had been the last one to leave the town of San Carlos. 19. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Cumilla Board-2016] One day Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and said, "Where do you live? " The woman said. "I live in a poor hut south end to this town. I'm hungry but there is no food in my house. Will you give me something to eat?” Hazrat Omar (R) said, “Go back home. I'm coming with food and money for you.” Answer: One day Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and asked where she lived. The woman replied that she lived in a poor hut south end to that town. She added that she was hungry but there was no food in her house. She also asked if he would give her something to cat. Hazrat Omar (R) told her to go back home. He added that he was coming with food and money for her. 20. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Rajshahi Board-2016] “Have you cut your nails short?” The teacher said to Maruf. "No, I've forgotten Sir," said Maruf. “That's very bad. You must be more careful about neatness and cleanliness. By doing so, you can prevent diarrhoea and some other diseases too,” said the teacher. Answer: The teacher asked Maruf if he (M) had cut his (M) nails short. Maruf replied in the negative and respectfully said that he (M) had forgotten. The teacher said that that was very bad. He (T) told him (M) that he (M) had to be more careful about neatness and cleanliness. He (T) added that by doing so, he (M) could prevent diarrhoea and some other diseases too. 21. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Jashore Board-2016] I told the rickshaw puller that he had carried me a long way. Then I asked him how much I should pay him. I further asked him if fifty taka would do. He replied that anything was all right. Answer: I said to the rickshaw puller, “You have carried me a long way. How much should I pay you? Will fifty taka do?” He replied, “Anything is all right.” 22. Change the narrative style by using direct speeches: [Sylhet Board-2016] Once I asked a little girl what her mother's name was. She replied that she could remember her mother's name but she would not tell me that. She added that she did not tell her mother's name to anyone whom she did not know. I exclaimed with admiration that she was a very clever girl. Answer: Once I said to a little girl, "What is your mother's name?" She said, "I can remember my mother's name, but I will not tell you that. I do not tell my mother's name to anyone whom I do not know." I said, "What a clever girl you are!" 23. Change the narrative style by using Indirect speech: [Barishal Board-2016] "Do you know Bangladesh Open University offers an English self - learning course?" Sejan said to Shawan. "Yes, I have heard it from my father who works as a tutor of the course. It is a six-month course known as CELP," said Shawan. Answer: Sejan asked Shawan If he (Shawan) knew Bangladesh Open University offered an English self-learning course. Shawan replied in the affirmative that he (Shawan) had heard it from his (Shawan) father who worked as a tutor of the course. He (Shawan) added that it was a six-month course known as CELP. 24. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: [Chattogram Board-2016] "Why are your children crying, my daughter ?" said the Caliph. They have been starving " said the woman. "Have you none else the world?" "My husband died some months ago. He left them neither money nor any property. So, they are in great distress. They have to starve sometimes." "Oh! Let me see, how I can help you ?" said the Caliph. Answer: Addressing the woman as his daughter the Caliph asked why her children were crying. The woman replied that they had been starving. The Caliph again asked if she had none else in the world. The woman replied that her husband had died some months ago. She added that he (h) had left them neither money nor any property. So, they were in great distress. She also said that they had to starve sometimes. The Caliph exclaimed with sorrow and said that he might be allowed to see, how he could help them. 25. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: "Why are you putting the food in your pocket, sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the nobleman. "I am doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes," replied Sheikh Saadi. "I am sorry. I don't understand what you mean to say," said the nobleman. Answer: The nobleman asked Sheikh Saadi with respect why Saddi was putting the food in his pocket and why he didn't eat. Saadi answered that he (S) was doing the right thing and added that his dress deserved those rich dishes. Expressing sorrow, the nobleman said that he (N) didn't understand what Saadi meant to say.

Narration Practice HSC Passage Narration 2014 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dhaka Board-2009; Cumilla Board-2014] “Have you seen your mother, Jerry?” “I see her every summer. She sends for me.” I wanted to cry out, “Why are you not with her? How can she let you go away again?” He said, “She comes up here from Manville whenever she can. She does not have a job now.” 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Rajshahi Board-2014] “Have you cut your hair off?” asked Jim. “I Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, aren't I?” 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dinajpur Board-2014] “Mina, have you done your English lesson today?” said the teacher. “Yes, sir,” she replied. “But I haven't understood one grammatical point.” “Don't worry. I'll help you understand it,” said the teacher. “Thank you, sir,” she said. 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Chattogram Board-2014; Jashore Board 2010] “You look a little bit like my mother,” he said, “especially in the dark by the fire.” “But you were only four, Jerry, when you came here. You have remembered how she looked all these years?” “My mother lives in Mannville,” he said.  5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Sylhet Board-2014] The beggar said, “Will you give me some food to eat? I have been without food for two days.” The housewife said, “Why don't you work? You can earn your own food.” “Oh my God,” said the beggar, “I am disabled. I can't work.” 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Barishal Board-2014] “You look a little bit like my mother,” he said. “But you were only four, Jerry, when you came here. Do you remember her face all these years?” "My mother lives in Mannville.” “Have you seen her lately?” I said. HSC Passage Narration 2013 All Board Questions with Answer 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dhaka Board-2013; Jashore Board-2013] The teacher said to the boy, "Do you think that honesty is the best policy?" The boy said, "Yes, sir, I think so." "Then; learn to be honest from your boyhood," said the teacher. "Thank you, sir," said the boy. "May Allah grant you a long life," said the teacher to the boy. 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Rajshahi Board-2013] The writer said to Jerry, “Your roller-skates look very nice. Who has bought them for you?” “My mother” “Is she alive?” “Yes, she lives in Mannville.” 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dinajpur Board-2013; Mymensingh Board-2022; Chattogram Board-2022] He said, “I can chop some wood today.” I said, “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.” “I'm the boy.” “You! But you're small.” “Size doesn't matter chopping wood,” he said. 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Sylhet Board-2013] Rahim said to Hamid, “How are you? “I went to your hostel yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?” “I went to the station,” said Hamid. “I had to receive my maternal uncle there.” 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Barishal Board-2013 ] “Take the fan,” said Edna, offering a fan to him. “Oh, no! Thank you. It does no good. You have to stop fanning some time and feel all the more uncomfortable afterward.” HSC Passage Narration 2014 All Board Questions With Answers 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dhaka Board-2009; Cumilla Board-2014] “Have you seen your mother, Jerry?” “I see her every summer. She sends for me.” I wanted to cry out, “Why are you not with her? How can she let you go away again?” He said, “She comes up here from Manville whenever she can. She does not have a job now.” Answer:   I asked Jerry if he had seen his mother. Jerry replied that he saw her every summer as she (mother) sent for him. I wanted to cry out and asked why he was not with her (mother). I also asked him how she (mother) could let him go away again. He replied that she (mother) went up there from Mannville whenever she (mother) could. He added that she (mother) did not have a job then. 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Rajshahi Board-2014] “Have you cut your hair off?” asked Jim. “I Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, aren't I?” Answer:   Jim asked Della if she had cut her hair off. Della replied that she had cut it off and had sold it. Then she asked him if he didn't like her as well, anyhow. Again she emphatically said that she was herself without her hair. 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dinajpur Board-2014] “Mina, have you done your English lesson today?” said the teacher. “Yes, sir,” she replied. “But I haven't understood one grammatical point.” “Don't worry. I'll help you understand it,” said the teacher. “Thank you, sir,” she said. Answer:  The teacher asked Mina if she had done her English lesson that day. Mina replied respectfully/ respectfully replied that she had done, but she also added that she had not understood one grammatical point. At this, the teacher told her not to worry and assured her that he would help her understand it. She thanked him respectfully. 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Chattogram Board-2014; Jashore Board 2010] “You look a little bit like my mother,” he said, “especially in the dark by the fire.” “But you were only four, Jerry, when you came here. You have remembered how she looked all these years?” “My mother lives in Mannville,” he said.  Answer:   Jerry told her that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. At this, she told him that he had been only four when he had come there. Next, she asked him if he had remembered how she had looked all those years. Then, Jerry replied that his mother lived in Mannville. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Sylhet Board-2014] The beggar said, “Will you give me some food to eat? I have been without food for two days.” The housewife said, “Why don't you work? You can earn your own food.” “Oh my God,” said the beggar, “I am disabled. I can't work.” Answer:  The beggar asked the housewife if she would give him some food to eat. He added that he had been without food for two days. The housewife asked him why he did not work and added that he could earn his own food. Expressing heavy disappointment/Swearing in the name of God, the beggar said that he was disabled and he could not work. 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Barishal Board-2014] “You look a little bit like my mother,” he said. “But you were only four, Jerry, when you came here. Do you remember her face all these years?” "My mother lives in Mannville.” “Have you seen her lately?” I said. Answer:   Jerry told me that I looked a little bit like his mother. Hearing this, I told him that he had been only four when he had come remembered her face all those years. Jerry said that his mother lived in Mannville. Then I asked him if he had seen her lately. HSC Passage Narration 2013 All Board Questions with Answer 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dhaka Board-2013; Jashore Board-2013] The teacher said to the boy, "Do you think that honesty is the best policy?" The boy said, "Yes, sir, I think so." "Then; learn to be honest from your boyhood," said the teacher. "Thank you, sir," said the boy. "May Allah grant you a long life," said the teacher to the boy. Answer:  The teacher asked the boy if he (b) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy politely replied that he (b) thought so. The teacher then advised the boy to learn to be honest from his (b) boyhood. Next, the boy thanked his teacher respectfully. The teacher prayed that Allah might grant him (the boy) a long life. 2. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Rajshahi Board-2013] The writer said to Jerry, “Your roller-skates look very nice. Who has bought them for you?” “My mother” “Is she alive?” “Yes, she lives in Mannville.” Answer:   The writer told Jerry that his roller-skates looked very nice. She also asked him who had bought them for him. Jerry replied that his mother had bought them for him. She then asked him if she (M) was alive. Jerry replied that she (M) was alive and she lived in Mannville. 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dinajpur Board-2013; Mymensingh Board-2022; Chattogram Board-2022] He said, “I can chop some wood today.” I said, “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.” “I'm the boy.” “You! But you're small.” “Size doesn't matter chopping wood,” he said. Answer:  He told me that he could chop some wood that day. I told him that I had a boy coming from the orphanage. He told me that he was the boy. Then I wondered and told him that he was small. He replied that size did not matter chopping wood.  4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Sylhet Board-2013] Rahim said to Hamid, “How are you? “I went to your hostel yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?” “I went to the station,” said Hamid. “I had to receive my maternal uncle there.” Answer:  Rahim asked Hamid how he (h) was. He (R) added that he (R) had gone to his (h) hostel the previous day but had not found him (H). He (R) again asked him (h) where he (h) had gone. Hamid replied that he (h) had gone to the station and added that he (h) had to receive his (h) maternal uncle there. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.  [Barishal Board-2013 ] “Take the fan,” said Edna, offering a fan to him. “Oh, no! Thank you. It does no good. You have to stop fanning some time and feel all the more uncomfortable afterward.” Answer:  Offering a fan to him, Edna told him to take the fan. He negated the offer and thanked her. He added that it did no good. He again said that she had to stop fanning some time pune felt all the more uncomfortable afterward.

Narration Practice HSC Passage Narration 2012 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dhaka Board-2012, 2024; Barishal Board-2022] “Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child,” said the woman. “Let her have him,” The king said. “Now everything is clear to me.” Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby.” 2 Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Cumilla Board-2012] The traveller said to the peasant, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn?” The peasant said, “Yes, I can. Do you want one in which you can spend the night?” The traveller said, “I do not wish to stay there, but I only want a meal.” 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Rajshahi Board-2012] “Have you heard the name of Aesop?” asked the teacher. “No, sir, who was he?” “Read the lesson attentively and then you will be able to know about him. How interesting and instructive his fables are!” said the teacher. 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Chattogram Board-2012] “Why are you putting the foods in your pocket, Sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the nobleman. "I'm doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes," replied Sheikh Saadi. "I'm sorry. I don't understand what you mean to say," said the nobleman. HSC Passage Narration 2011 All Board Questions 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dhaka Board-2010] “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “I want to earn my bread by the labour of my hands.” “Do you really want work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any.” “Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I can do that,” said the youth. 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Rajshahi Board-2010] A hawker said, “Will you buy any paper? I have all types of Newspapers and Magazines. Please take one from me.” “I buy books but now I need a weekly. Don't you have any weekly magazine?” said Sushmita. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dinajpur Board-2010] “Why don't you attend classes regularly?” the teacher said to the student, “You can't expect good results unless you attend classes as I tell you.” “I am sorry, sir, I have offended you,” said the student. 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Cumilla Board-2010] “May I come in, sir?" A boy standing at the door said to him. Then without waiting for his reply, the boy entered the room and said, "Sir, I have come from Palashpur with a letter from Mr Ajit Bose."  “Ajit Bose? How is he?” he said smiling. "He is not well. He has been suffering from a serious illness for two years," the boy said. "How sad it is! May God cure him," he said. 9. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Sylhet Board-2010] “I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the axe down careless." "But no one hits accurately every time, Jerry. Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man who I have bought it from," I told him. 10. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Barishal Board-2010] “Will you go to college today?" the mother said to her son. "No, mother. Our classes are suspended." “Then go to the market and bring some vegetables.” "Let me be ready and give me money." HSC Passage Narration 2009 All Board Questions 11. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Rajshahi Board-2009] “Where are you from?” said the teacher. “I am from Nepal,” said the student. “How did you find Dhaka when you first arrived?” said the teacher. “Well, I like it. I think the city is very beautiful,” said the student. 12. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Dinajpur Board-2009] I asked Nisa,"What's your mother's name?" "I know my mother's name but I won't tell you that. I don't tell my mother's name to anybody whom I don't know," said she. I said, "What a clever girl you are!" 13. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Chattogram Board-2009 ] “Where is my son?" said the grocer. "A crow carried your son away." said the fruit seller. "You a liar. How can a crow carry away such a big boy?" "Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and weights." 14. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. [Barishal Board-2009] “Where did you go yesterday?" said Lipi. "I went to Chattogram to see my mother," said Mina. "She has been suffering from high blood pressure." "Is she sound now?" said Lipi. “No,” said Mina. HSC Passage Narration 2012 All Board Questions with Answer 1. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dhaka Board-2012, 2024; Barishal Board-2022] “Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child,” said the woman. “Let her have him,” The king said. “Now everything is clear to me.” Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby.” Answer:  Addressing the king as her Lord, the woman earnestly requested the king not to kill the child. The woman also asked the king to allow her (the other woman) have him (the child). Then the king said that everything was clear to him. Pointing to the woman, he ordered the servant to give her (the woman) the child and added that she (the woman) was the mother of the baby. 2 Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Cumilla Board-2012] The traveller said to the peasant, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn?” The peasant said, “Yes, I can. Do you want one in which you can spend the night?” The traveller said, “I do not wish to stay there, but I only want a meal.” Answer:  The traveller asked the peasant if he (P) could tell him (T) the way to the nearest inn. The peasant answered in the affirmative and said that he (P) could. Then he (P) asked him if he (T) wanted one in which he (T) could spend the night. The traveller replied that he (T) did not wish to stay there, but he (T) only wanted a meal. 3. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Rajshahi Board-2012] “Have you heard the name of Aesop?” asked the teacher. “No, sir, who was he?” “Read the lesson attentively and then you will be able to know about him. How interesting and instructive his fables are!” said the teacher. Answer:  The teacher asked the students if they had heard the name of Aesop. The students respectfully replied in the negative and asked who he had been. The teacher told the students to read the lesson attentively and then they would be able to know about him (Aesop). The teacher also exclaimed with joy that his (Aesop) fables were very interesting and instructive. 4. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Chattogram Board-2012] “Why are you putting the foods in your pocket, Sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the nobleman. "I'm doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich dishes," replied Sheikh Saadi. "I'm sorry. I don't understand what you mean to say," said the nobleman. Answer:  The nobleman politely asked Sheikh Saadi why he (S) was putting the foods in his (S) pocket and why he didn't eat. Sheikh Saadi replied that he was doing the right thing. He added that his dress deserved those rich dishes. The noble man apologized to Sheikh Saadi and said that he (N) did not understand what he (S) meant to say. HSC Passage Narration 2011 All Board Questions with Answer 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dhaka Board-2010] “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “I want to earn my bread by the labour of my hands.” “Do you really want work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any.” “Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I can do that,” said the youth. Answer:  The merchant asked the youth where he was going. The youth replied that he (Y) had been going to see him (M). The merchant asked him what he (Y) wanted. He (Y) replied that he wanted to earn his bread by the labour of his hands. The merchant asked him if he (Y) really wanted work. The youth replied in the affirmative that he (Y) wanted work if he (M) had any. Then the merchant ordered him (Y) to follow him (M) and carry a box from a shop to his (M) house. The youth said that he (Y) did not see how he (Y) could do that. 6. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Rajshahi Board-2010] A hawker said, “Will you buy any paper? I have all types of Newspapers and Magazines. Please take one from me.” “I buy books but now I need a weekly. Don't you have any weekly magazine?” said Sushmita. Answer:  A hawker asked Sushmita if she would buy any paper and added that he had all types of Newspapers and Magazines. Then he requested her to take one from him. Sushmita said that she bought books but she needed a weekly then. She asked him if he did not have any weekly magazine. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dinajpur Board-2010] “Why don't you attend classes regularly?” the teacher said to the student, “You can't expect good results unless you attend classes as I tell you.” “I am sorry, sir, I have offended you,” said the student. Answer:  The teacher asked the student why he (S) did not attend classes regularly and said that he (S) could not expect good results unless he attended classes as he (T) told him (S). The student politely apologized to the teacher as he (S) had offended him (T). 8. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Cumilla Board-2010] “May I come in, sir?" A boy standing at the door said to him. Then without waiting for his reply, the boy entered the room and said, "Sir, I have come from Palashpur with a letter from Mr Ajit Bose."  “Ajit Bose? How is he?” he said smiling. "He is not well. He has been suffering from a serious illness for two years," the boy said. "How sad it is! May God cure him," he said. Answer:  Standing at the door, a boy asked him respectfully if he (b) might go in. Then without waiting for his reply, the boy entered the room and told him (M) respectfully that he (b) had arrived there from Palashpur with a letter from Mr Ajit Bose. He was surprised at the mention of the name Ajit Bose and asked smiling how he (Ajit) was. The boy replied that he (Ajit) was not well and added that he (Ajit) had been suffering from a serious illness for two years. He exclaimed with sorrow that it was very sad and prayed that God might cure him (Ajit). 9. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Sylhet Board-2010] “I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the axe down careless." "But no one hits accurately every time, Jerry. Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man who I have bought it from," I told him. Answer:  Jerry said that he would pay for it because he had broken it and again said that he had brought the axe down careless. I said to the contrary that no one hit accurately every time and added that the fault had been in the wood of the handle. I also added that I would see the man who I had bought it from. 10. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Barishal Board-2010] “Will you go to college today?" the mother said to her son. "No, mother. Our classes are suspended." “Then go to the market and bring some vegetables.” "Let me be ready and give me money." Answer:  The mother asked her son if he would go to college that day. The son replied in the negative and said that their classes were suspended. Then the mother asked him to go to the market and bring some vegetables. The son requested his mother to let him be ready and give him money. HSC Passage Narration 2009 All Board Questions with Answer 11. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Rajshahi Board-2009] “Where are you from?” said the teacher. “I am from Nepal,” said the student. “How did you find Dhaka when you first arrived?” said the teacher. “Well, I like it. I think the city is very beautiful,” said the student. Answer:  The teacher asked the student where he was from. The student replied that he (S) was from Nepal. The teacher again asked him how he (S) had found Dhaka when he (S) had first arrived. The student replied that he (S) liked it and added that he thought the city was very beautiful. 12. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Dinajpur Board-2009] I asked Nisa,"What's your mother's name?" "I know my mother's name but I won't tell you that. I don't tell my mother's name to anybody whom I don't know," said she. I said, "What a clever girl you are!" Answer:  I asked Nisa what her mother's name was. She replied that she knew her mother's name but she would not tell me that. She added that she did not tell her mother's name to anybody whom she did not know. I exclaimed with surprise that she was a very clever girl. 13. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Chattogram Board-2009 ] “Where is my son?" said the grocer. "A crow carried your son away." said the fruit seller. "You a liar. How can a crow carry away such a big boy?" "Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and weights." Answer:  The grocer asked the fruit seller where his (g) son was. The fruit seller replied that a crow had carried his (g) son away. Calling him (fruit seller) a liar, he (grocer) asked him (fruit seller) how a crow could carry away such a big boy. Then he (fruit seller) replied that it could be just in the same way as mice could eat away the balance and weights. 14. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.   [Barishal Board-2009] “Where did you go yesterday?" said Lipi. "I went to Chattogram to see my mother," said Mina. "She has been suffering from high blood pressure." "Is she sound now?" said Lipi. “No,” said Mina. Answer:  Lipi asked Mina where she (M) had gone the previous day. Mina replied that she (M) had gone to Chattogram to see her mother. She (M) added that her mother (Mina's mother) had been suffering from high blood pressure. Lipi again asked Mina whether she (Mina's mother) was sound then. Mina (M) replied in the negative and said that she (Mina's mother) was not sound.

Narration Practice All Board Questions-2024 1. Change the narrative style of the following text Change the narrative style of the following text: [Dhaka Board -2024] "Why are you putting up the foods in your pockets, sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the noble man. "I'm doing the right thing. My dress deserves these foods," replied Sheikh Saadi. " don't understand what you want to mean and I'm sorry," said the noble man.   2.  Change the narrative style of the following text [Rajshahi Board-2024; Barishal Board-2024] "What are you reading?" Rifat said to Sifat. "I am reading an interesting drama written by Shakespeare. What an interesting drama it is! I have collected it from our school library," said Sifat. "Please lend me the book", said Rifat. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text  [Cumilla Board -2024] The teacher entered the classroom and said, "Dear students, are all of you present today?" "Except Rina, all are present, sir," said the captain. "She has not come because of her mother's illness." "Oh! What a sad news it is! May her mother come round soon," said the teacher.   4.  Change the narrative style of the following text [Jashore Board -2024 Mother said to Nafi, "What are you doing now?" "I am doing my homework," said Nafi. "Why did not you do it yesterday?" asked mother, "I was ill yesterday," said Nafi. "Can I help you?" said mother.   5. Change the narrative style of the following text  [Mymensingh Board-2024] The teacher said to Rafiq, "Why didn't you come to school yesterday?" Rafiq said, "Sorry, sir. I took my mother to the hospital." The teacher said, "How sad the news is! May she get well soon."   6.  Change the narrative style of the following text [Sylhet Board -2024] The teacher said to Shafin, "Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself." Shafin replied, "Sir, I am sorry. I am asking Sifat to lend me his pen. My pen has run out."   All Board Questions-2024 Answer 1. Change the narrative style of the following text: [Dhaka Board -2024] "Why are you putting up the foods in your pockets, sir? Why don't you eat?" asked the noble man. "I'm doing the right thing. My dress deserves these foods," replied Sheikh Saadi. " don't understand what you want to mean and I'm sorry," said the noble man.   Answer:  The nobleman asked Sheikh Saadi why he (S) was putting up the food in his pocket and why he didn't eat. In reply, Sheikh Saadi told him that he was doing the right thing and added that his dress deserved those rich dishes. Then the nobleman said that he didn't understand what he (S) had meant to say and added that he was sorry.   2. [Rajshahi Board-2024; Barishal Board-2024] "What are you reading?" Rifat said to Sifat. "I am reading an interesting drama written by Shakespeare. What an interesting drama it is! I have collected it from our school library," said Sifat. "Please lend me the book", said Rifat.   Answer:  Rifat asked Sifat what he (S) was reading. Sifat replied that he (S) was reading an interesting drama by Shakespeare and exclaimed with wonder that it was a very interesting drama. He also said that he had collected that from their school library. Rifat requested him (S) to lend him (R) the book. 3. [Cumilla Board -2024] The teacher entered the classroom and said, "Dear students, are all of you present today?" "Except Rina, all are present, sir," said the captain. "She has not come because of her mother's illness." "Oh! What a sad news it is! May her mother come round soon," said the teacher.   Answer:  The teacher entered the classroom and addressing them as dear students asked if all of them were present that day. The captain answered with respect that all were present except Rina and added that she had not come because of her mother's illness. The teacher exclaimed with sorrow that it was a very sad news. He also wished that her mother might come round soon.   4. [Jashore Board -2024 Mother said to Nafi, "What are you doing now?" "I am doing my homework," said Nafi. "Why did not you do it yesterday?" asked mother, "I was ill yesterday," said Nafi. "Can I help you?" said mother.   Answer:  Mother asked to Nafi what he was doing then. Nafi replied that he was doing his home- work. Mother again asked why he had not done it the previous day. Nafi replied that he had been ill the previous day. Mother further asked him if she could help him.   5. [Mymensingh Board-2024] The teacher said to Rafiq, "Why didn't you come to school yesterday?" Rafiq said, "Sorry, sir. I took my mother to the hospital." The teacher said, "How sad the news is! May she get well soon."   Answer:  The teacher asked Rafiq why he (R) hadn't gone to school the previous day. Rafiq respectfully said that he (R) was sorry and added that he (R) had taken his (R) mother to the hospital. The teacher exclaimed with sorrow that the news was very sad and prayed that she might get well soon.   6. [Sylhet Board -2024] The teacher said to Shafin, "Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself." Shafin replied, "Sir, I am sorry. I am asking Sifat to lend me his pen. My pen has run out."   Answer:  The teacher asked Shafin why he (Sh) was talking in the class and added that he (Sh) should behave himself. Shafin replied respectfully that he (Sh) was sorry and added that he (s) was asking Sifat to lend him (Sh) his (Sifat) pen. He (Sh) also sa id that his (Sh) pen had run out.

Narration Practice SSC Passage Narration 2020 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dhaka Board-2020, Sylhet Board-2020] Rina said Sima, “why don't you get up early from sleep?” Sima said, “It is tough for me to leave bed early.” “Alas! It is a bad habit, said Rina, if you leave bed early, you can enjoy sound health.  Follow my advice.” 2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Cumilla Board-2020; Dhaka Board-2013; Dinanjpur-2014] The new teacher entered the classroom and said, “Can you tell me what I should do now?” “No, sir,” one of the students said. The teacher smiled and said, “Try to guess.” “ You should introduce yourself to us,”  another students said. “Thank you, said the teacher. “You are really brilliant.” 3. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board-2020] “Where do you like to go?” said the ticket officer. “To Rajshahi,” said the lady. “How many tickets for you need to buy and of which class?” “Three first-class tickets.” “Here are the tickets and they will cost you three thousands taka.” 4. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board-2020] “Good morning, Farzana, said Abrar. “How much preparation have you taken for this exam?” “Not bad at all said she. “I hope I will get GPA-5.” “Wow, what a bright girl!” said Abrar. “But my preparation is not so good.” 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Barishal Board-2020] “Good morning, Kiron, said Harun. “How much preparation have you taken for the SSC exam?” “A great preparation,” Kiron replied. “Wow an intelligent boy!” said Harun. “Many you be distinguished with your result.” 6. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Chattogram Board-2020] “Why are you laughing in the class?” the teacher said to the girl. “I have remembered an interesting incident after you have given the example.” “What is that? said the teacher. “It is about one of my cousins who came to our house yesterday.” “Forget it and be attentively to your lesson.” 7. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board-2020] “I've got GPA-5 in the SSC Examination,” said Samir. “ Congratulations, brother!” I said. “What do you intend to do now?” “I wish to study science group in a reputed college. I've a mind to get admission in BUET after my HSC, ” Samir replied. 8. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Mymensingh Board-2020] “May I come in sir?” Ripon said to his class teacher. The teacher replied, “Yes, why are you so late today?” “My grandfather suddenly felt severe pain in his chest. So, I rushed to hospital with him.” “May Allah grant his quick recovery,” said the teacher. SSC Passage Narration 2019 All Board Questions 1 . Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dhaka Board 2019] “What is the time by your watch?” said an old man. I said, “It is half past nine”. He said,  “I want to go to your house. Will you accompany me, please?” “No. I am sorry because I am going to school,” said I.  2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board 2019] The students said, “We want to celebrate the independent day of the National Debate Competition.” The headmaster said, “Why?” The students said, “We want to make it memorable in our life.” The headmaster said, “Don't worry. I shall take all the necessary steps to arrange the function.” 3. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Sylhet Board 2019] The stranger said to the boy, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" “Yes sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. “I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man.  “Paradise Garden will be better for you,” said the boy. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board-2019] The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you disturbing the class in this way? Don't you know that it is an important class? Get out of the room and don't come back today.” “Excuse me, sir,” said the boy. “I'll never disturb in the class,” The boy promised. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board-2019] “Please give me your English Grammar and Composition Book," said Sara. “I cannot give it,” said Zara. "I have to take it with me in the class." “I shall return the book before the class starts," said Sara. “Take it,” said Zara. “Thank you,” Said Sara. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Barishal Board-2019] Rifat said to Mubir, “You didn't attend my birthday party.” “ Extremely sorry, friend,” Munir replied, “I had to my uncle's house in Dhaka. How was the programme?” “Let's me show you the photographs,” said Rifat.  7.  Change the narrative style of the following text. [Chattogram Board-2019] Rina said to Karim, “How are you? I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?” “I went to the book fair,” said Karim. “I had to maintain our schools stall.” 8.  Change the narrative style of the following text. [Cumilla Board-2019] “Good morning Rupa,” said Sohel. “How much preparation have you taken for the upcoming SSC Exam?” “A great preparation” replied she. “I hope, I shall get 90+ marks in every subject.” “How confident you are!” said Sohel. Solutions SSC Passage Narration 2020 All Board Questions With Answer 1. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dhaka Board-2020, Sylhet Board-2020] Rina said Sima, “why don't you get up early from sleep?” Sima said, “It is tough for me to leave bed early.” “Alas! It is a bad habit, said Rina, if you leave bed early, you can enjoy sound health.  Follow my advice.” Answer:   Rina asked Sima why she (S) did not get up early from sleep. She replied that it was tough for her (S) to leave bed early. Rina exclaimed with sorrow that it was a very bad habit. She(R) added that if she (S) left bed early, she (S) could enjoy sound health. She (R) also requested her (S) to follow her (S) advice. 2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Cumilla Board-2020; Dhaka Board-2013; Dinanjpur-2014] The new teacher entered the classroom and said, “Can you tell me what I should do now?” “No, sir,” one of the students said. The teacher smiled and said, “Try to guess.” “ You should introduce yourself to us,”  another students said. “Thank you, said the teacher. “You are really brilliant.” Answer:   The new teacher entered the classroom and asked the students if they could tell him what he should do then. One of the students replied respectfully in the negative. The teacher smiled and told them to try to guess. Another student replied that he (T) should introduce himself to them. The teacher thanked him and said that he was really brilliant. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board-2020] “Where do you like to go?” said the ticket officer. “To Rajshahi,” said the lady. “How many tickets for you need to buy and of which class?” “Three first-class tickets.” “Here are the tickets and they will cost you three thousands taka.” Answer:  The tickets officer asked the lady where she liked to go. The lady replied that she liked to go to Rajshahi. The officer asked how many tickets she needed to buy and of which class. She replied that she needed three first-class tickets. He told her that there were the tickets and they would cost her three thousands taka. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board-2020] “Good morning, Farzana, said Abrar. “How much preparation have you taken for this exam?” “Not bad at all said she. “I hope I will get GPA-5.” “Wow, what a bright girl!” said Abrar. “But my preparation is not so good.” Answer:   Abrar wished Farzana good morning and asked her how much preparation she had taken for that exam. Farzana replied that her preparation was not bad at all. She added that she would get GPA-5. Abrar exclaimed with joy that she was a very bright girl. But he added that his preparation was not so good. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Barishal Board-2020] “Good morning, Kiron, said Harun. “How much preparation have you taken for the SSC exam?” “A great preparation,” Kiron replied. “Wow an intelligent boy!” said Harun. “Many you be distinguished with your result.” Answer:   Harun wished Kiron good morning and asked how much preparation he (K) had taken for the SSC Examination. Kiron replied that he (K) had taken a great preparation. Harun exclaimed with joy that he (K) was a very intelligent boy. He (H) prayed that he might be distinguished with his (K) result. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Chattogram Board-2020] “Why are you laughing in the class?” the teacher said to the girl. “I have remembered an interesting incident after you have given the example.” “What is that? said the teacher. “It is about one of my cousins who came to our house yesterday.” “Forget it and be attentively to your lesson.” Answer:   The teacher asked the girl why she was laughing in the class. The girl replied that she had remembered an interesting incident after he had given the example. The teacher wanted to know about that. She replied that it was about one of his cousin who had gone to the house the previous day. The teacher told her to forget it and be attentive to her lesson. 7. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board-2020] “I've got GPA-5 in the SSC Examination,” said Samir. “ Congratulations, brother!” I said. “What do you intend to do now?” “I wish to study science group in a reputed college. I've a mind to get admission in BUET after my HSC, ” Samir replied. Answer:  Samir told me that he had got GPA-5 in the SSC examination. Addressing him as brother, I congratulated him and asked him what he intended to study then. Samir replied that he wished to study science group in reputed college. He added that he had a mind to get admission in BUET after his HSC. 8. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Mymensingh Board-2020] “May I come in sir?” Ripon said to his class teacher. The teacher replied, “Yes, why are you so late today?” “My grandfather suddenly felt severe pain in his chest. So, I rushed to hospital with him.” “May Allah grant his quick recovery,” said the teacher. Answer:  Ripon asked his class teacher respectfully if he (R) might go in. The teacher replied in the affirmative and asked why he was so late that day. Ripon replied that his (R) grandfather suddenly had felt severe pain in his (G) chest. So, he (R) added, he had rushed to hospital with him (G). The teacher prayed that Allah might grant his (G) quick recovery. SSC Passage Narration 2019 All Board Questions With Answer 1 . Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dhaka Board 2019] “What is the time by your watch?” said an old man. I said, “It is half past nine”. He said,  “I want to go to your house. Will you accompany me, please?” “No. I am sorry because I am going to school,” said I.  Answer:   An old man asked me what the time was by my watch. I replied that it was half past nine. He told me that he wanted to go to my house. He also requested if I would accompany him. I replied in the negative and said that I was sorry because I was going to school. 2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board 2019] The students said, “We want to celebrate the independent day of the National Debate Competition.” The headmaster said, “Why?” The students said, “We want to make it memorable in our life.” The headmaster said, “Don't worry. I shall take all the necessary steps to arrange the function.” Answer :  The students told the headmaster that they wanted to celebrate the independent day of the National Debate Competition. He (H) asked why they wanted to do so. They replied that they wanted to make that memorable in their life. He told not to worry and added that he would take all the necessary steps to arrange the function. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Sylhet Board 2019] The stranger said to the boy, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" “Yes sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. “I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man.  “Paradise Garden will be better for you,” said the boy. Answer :  The stranger asked the boy if he could tell him (stranger) the way to the nearest hotel. The boy politely replied in the affirmative and said that he could. Then he asked the stranger if he wanted a residential one in which he (stranger) could spend the night. The man (S) replied that he did not want to stay there but he only wanted a meal. The boy replied that Paradise Garden would be better for him. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board-2019] The teacher said to the boy, “Why are you disturbing the class in this way? Don't you know that it is an important class? Get out of the room and don't come back today.” “Excuse me, sir,” said the boy. “I'll never disturb in the class,” The boy promised. Answer :  The teacher asked the boy why he was disturbing the class in that way and asked if he didn't know that it was an important class and told to get out of the room and not to come back that day. He (Boy) respectfully begged to excuse him and promised that he would never disturb in the class. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board-2019] “Please give me your English Grammar and Composition Book," said Sara. “I cannot give it,” said Zara. "I have to take it with me in the class." “I shall return the book before the class starts," said Sara. “Take it,” said Zara. “Thank you,” Said Sara. Answer:   Sara requested Zara politely to give her English Grammar and Composition Book. She (Z) said that she couldn't give it and added that she had to take it with her in the class. Sara said that she would return the book before the class started. Zara told to take it. Sara thanked her. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Barishal Board-2019] Rifat said to Mubir, “You didn't attend my birthday party.” “ Extremely sorry, friend,” Munir replied, “I had to my uncle's house in Dhaka. How was the programme?” “Let's me show you the photographs,” said Rifat.  Answer:   Rifat told Munir that he (M) had not attended his (R) birthday party. Addressing him (R) as friend Munir replied that he (M) was extremely sorry. He (M) then asked Rifat how the programme was. Rifat then told Munir to let him (R) show him (M) photographs. 7.  Change the narrative style of the following text. [Chattogram Board-2019] Rina said to Karim, “How are you? I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?” “I went to the book fair,” said Karim. “I had to maintain our schools stall.” Answer:  Rina asked Karim how he was. She told him that she had gone to his house the previous day, but she have not found him. She then asked Karim where he had gone. Karim replied that he had gone to the book fair. He added that he had to maintain his school's stall. 8.  Change the narrative style of the following text. [Cumilla Board-2019] “Good morning Rupa,” said Sohel. “How much preparation have you taken for the upcoming SSC Exam?” “A great preparation” replied she. “I hope, I shall get 90+ marks in every subject.” “How confident you are!” said Sohel. Answer:   Sohel wished Rupa good morning. Then he asked her how much preparation she had taken for the upcoming SSC Exam. She replied that she had taken a great preparation. She added that she hoped, she would get 90+ marks in every subject. Sohel exclaimed with wonder that she was very confident.

Narration Practice SSC Passage Narration 2016 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dhaka Board-2016] The police officer said to Mita, “How can I help you?” Mita replied, “While I was coming home alone by a taxi last night snatchers rode into by taxi.” “Did they snatch anything from you?” “Yes sir, they took away my cell phone and some money,” said Mita. “Let me record a complaint,” said the police officer.  2. Change th narrative style of the following text. [Rajshahi Board-2016] “What's your programme after the examination?” Asked Hira. Mira said, “I've not decided. Can you suggest any?” “Let us go on a picnic,” said Hira. “What an excellent idea it is!” said Mira. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text: [Sylhet Board-2016] "Why are you looking so happy?" Dipa said to Rupali. "My brother sent a mobile phone for me yesterday," replied Rupali. "But what's the use of it to you? I think it is a mere wastage of money?" said Dipa. "No, I can communicate .with others in the shortest possible time," said Rupali. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text: [Barisal Board-2016] Mrs. Nasima said to her student, “I heard the news of your illness yesterday. How are you now?” " I feel a bit well today, Madam," replied the student. "Don't worry. You will come round soon," said Mrs. Nasima. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dinajpur Board-2016] Rosamond said to her mother, "What is it, Mum? I didn't want this black thing and the terrible smell." Mother said, "I don't know my dear." Rosamond again said to her mother, "But what shall I do with it?" Mother said, "I can't tell." "Okay, Mum, I must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Chattogram Board-2016] “May I come in, Sir?” said the guardian. "Yes, come in, please", said the Headmaster. The guardian said, "We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality". The Headmaster said, "Let's plan something for their betterment." 7. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board- 2016] The stranger said to the boy, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" “Yes sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. “I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. 8. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Cumilla Board-2016] "Hello rickshawpuller, will you go?" said I. "Where?" said the rickshawpuller. "I want to go to the railway station." "I may go, if you pay me 200 taka." said the rickshawpuller. SSC Passage Narration 2015 All Board Questions 1. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dhaka Board-2015] “Good morning, students,” said the teacher. "How are you?" "We are fine, sir. What about you?" "I am fine too. Please, sit down." "Have you prepared your lesson?" the teacher asked. "Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson," they replied. 2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board 2015] Once a rich banker said to the cobbler, “How much do you earn a year?” The cobbler replied laughing, “I never count in this way. I earn barely enough to pass a day. And I'm happy.” Are you really happy?” said the banker. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text . [Jashore Board-2015; Dinajpur Board-2012] The teacher said to the student, “Have you prepared your lesson today?” “No, Sir”, replied the student. The teacher said, "Why?" "I was suffering from a headache yesterday. I shall do my work tomorrow," said the student. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text. [Rajshahi Board-2015] "Konica, have you done your English lesson today?" asked the teacher, "Yes, sir," she replied. "But I have not understood one grammatical point." The teacher assured her saying, "Come to my room, I will help you understand the point." "Thank you, sir", she smilingly said. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Chittagong Board-2015; Dhaka Board-2012] “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shihab. “No, I have never been there,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea beach last year,” said Shihab. "Let us go there this week," said Labib. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Sylhet Board-2015] The girl said to the teacher, "Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday." The teacher said, "I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that. You like." "Thank you, Sir." Said the girl. "You are welcome", said the teacher. Solutions SSC Passage Narration 2016 All Board Questions With Answer 1. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dhaka Board-2016] The police officer said to Mita, “How can I help you?” Mita replied, “While I was coming home alone by a taxi last night snatchers rode into by taxi.” “Did they snatch anything from you?” “Yes sir, they took away my cell phone and some money,” said Mita. “Let me record a complaint,” said the police officer.  Answer :   The police officer asked Mita how he (P) could help her. Mita replied that while she (M) had been going home alone by a taxi the previous night, two snatchers had ridden into her (M) taxi. The police officer asked her if they had snatched anything from her. Mita politely replied in the affirmative saying that they had taken away her cell phone and some money. The police officer told that he might record a complaint. 2. Change th narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board-2016] “What's your programme after the examination?” Asked Hira. Mira said, “I've not decided. Can you suggest any?” “Let us go on a picnic,” said Hira. “What an excellent idea it is!” said Mira. Answer:  Hira asked Mira what her programme was after the examination. Mira replied that she had not decided. She (M) asked if she (H) could suggest any. Hira proposed that they should go on a picnic. Mira exclaimed with joy that it was an excellent idea. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Sylhet Board-2016] "Why are you looking so happy?" Dipa said to Rupali. "My brother sent a mobile phone for me yesterday," replied Rupali. "But what's the use of it to you? I think it is a mere wastage of money?" said Dipa. "No, I can communicate .with others in the shortest possible time," said Rupali. Answer:  Dipa asked Rupali why she was looking so happy. Rupali replied that her brother had sent a mobile phone for her the previous day. Then Dipa asked Rupali what the use of it was to her (R). She also added that she thought it was a mere wastage of money. Rupäli replied in the negative and said that she could communicate with others in the shortest possible time. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Barisal Board-2016] Mrs. Nasima said to her student, “I heard the news of your illness yesterday. How are you now?” " I feel a bit well today, Madam," replied the student. "Don't worry. You will come round soon," said Mrs. Nasima. Answer:   Mrs. Nasima told her student that she had heard the news of his/her illness the previous day. She also asked the student how he/she was then. Addressing the teacher as madam the student replied that he/she felt a bit well that day. Mrs. Nasima advised the student not to be worried and she also expected that he/she would come round soon. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dinajpur Board-2016] Rosamond said to her mother, "What is it, Mum? I didn't want this black thing and the terrible smell." Mother said, "I don't know my dear." Rosamond again said to her mother, "But what shall I do with it?" Mother said, "I can't tell." "Okay, Mum, I must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water. Answer:   Rosamond addressed her mother as Mum and asked her what it was. She again told that she had not wanted that black thing and the terrible smell. Next mother addressed her (R) as dear and said that she didn't know. Later Rosamond again asked her mother what she would do with it. Then mother told that she could not tell. Lastly Rosamond said to her mother that it was okay and further said that she had to pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Chattogram Board-2016] “May I come in, Sir?” said the guardian. "Yes, come in, please", said the Headmaster. The guardian said, "We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality". The Headmaster said, "Let's plan something for their betterment." Answer:  The guardian politely asked the Headmaster's permission if he (g) might go in. The Headmaster replied in the affirmative and requested the guardian to come in. Then the guardian said that they, all the guardians along with him (H) had to do something for the betterment of their children. He also added that the they (children) were losing their morality. Next the Headmaster proposed that they should plan something for their children's betterment. 7. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Jashore Board- 2016] The stranger said to the boy, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" “Yes sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. “I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. Answer:  The stranger asked the boy if he could tell him (stranger) the way to the nearest hotel. The boy politely replied in the affirmative and said that he could. Then he asked the stranger if he wanted a residential one in which he (stranger) could spend the night. The man (S) replied that he did not want to stay there but he only wanted a meal. 8. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Cumilla Board-2016] "Hello rickshawpuller, will you go?" said I. "Where?" said the rickshawpuller. "I want to go to the railway station." "I may go, if you pay me 200 taka." said the rickshawpuller. Answer:   Drawing an attention I asked the rickshawpuller if he (R) would go. The rickshawpuller asked me where I would go. I told him that I wanted to go to the railway station. The rickshawpuller told me that he (R) might go, if I paid him (R) 200 taka. SSC Passage Narration 2015 All Board Questions With Answer 1. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Dhaka Board-2015] “Good morning, students,” said the teacher. "How are you?" "We are fine, sir. What about you?" "I am fine too. Please, sit down." "Have you prepared your lesson?" the teacher asked. "Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson," they replied. Ans. The teacher wished the students good morning. He asked them (S) how they were. The students replied respectfully that they were fine. They asked him (T) how he was. The teacher (T) replied that he was fine too. He requested his students to sit down. Then he asked them (S) if they had prepared their lesson. The students respectfully replied that they were sorry and they had not prepared their lesson. 2. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Dinajpur Board 2015] Once a rich banker said to the cobbler, “How much do you earn a year?” The cobbler replied laughing, “I never count in this way. I earn barely enough to pass a day. And I'm happy.” Are you really happy?” said the banker. Answer:  Once a rich banker asked a poor cobbler how much he(cobbler) earned a year. The cobbler replied laughing that he never counted in that way. He also added that he earned barely enough to pass a day and he was happy. Then the banker asked him (cobbler) if he (cobbler) was really happy. 3. Change the narrative style of the following text . [Jashore Board-2015; Dinajpur Board-2012] The teacher said to the student, “Have you prepared your lesson today?” “No, Sir”, replied the student. The teacher said, "Why?" "I was suffering from a headache yesterday. I shall do my work tomorrow," said the student. Answer:   The teacher asked the student if he had prepared his lesson that day. The student respectfully replied in the negative and said that he didn't. Then the teacher asked the reason. In reply, the student said that he had been suffering from a headache the previous day. He added that he would do his work the following day. 4. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Rajshahi Board-2015] "Konica, have you done your English lesson today?" asked the teacher, "Yes, sir," she replied. "But I have not understood one grammatical point." The teacher assured her saying, "Come to my room, I will help you understand the point." "Thank you, sir", she smilingly said. Answer:  The teacher asked Konica if she had done her English lesson that day. She replied in the positive politely. She also told that she had not understood one grammatical point. The teacher assured her saying her to go to his room. He again said that he would help her understand the point. Then she smilingly and respectfully thanked him (T). 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.  [Chittagong Board-2015; Dhaka Board-2012] “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shihab. “No, I have never been there,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea beach last year,” said Shihab. "Let us go there this week," said Labib. Answer:  Shihab asked Labib if he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never been to Cox's Bazar, but he said that he desired for visiting the place. Shihab told that he had had an opportunity to visit sea beach the previous year. Then Labib proposed that they should go there that week. 6. Change the narrative style of the following text:  [Sylhet Board-2015] The girl said to the teacher, "Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday." The teacher said, "I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that. You like." "Thank you, Sir." Said the girl. "You are welcome", said the teacher. Answer:  The girl told the teacher respectfully that she would be grateful if he kindly lent her the book he had praised highly in the classroom the previous day. The teacher said that he had become really happy to know that she was eager to read that book. He added that she was welcome to any of his books that she liked. The girl thanked the teacher politely and the teacher said that she was welcome.

Narration Practice Passage Narration Worksheet- 3.0 ​ JSC Examination -2019 All Board Questions ​ 1. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board-2019] ​ “What were you doing? ”said he to me.  I said,“ I was doing my assignment.” You should play in the afternoon.  It will keep you fit.” “Thank you for your advice.” 2. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Mymensingh Board-2019] ​ “Will you come to my house tomorrow?” I asked the boy. “We can discuss terms and condition then, ”I said. “ I shall be very happy to meet you at your house. Thank you so much,” he replied. Change the narrative style of the following text. ​ The teacher said to Hasan, "Have you read the story of Shamima? “Yes, sir, I  have read it,” said Hasan. The teacher said again, “Tel me the story.” Hasan said, “I am telling it now.” “What a good student you are!” said the teacher. 4. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board-2019] ​ My friend said  to me. “Why did you not attend my birthday party?” “I was in Dhaka at that time,” said  I. “I missed you so much," said he. “Take this gift, please," said I. “How nice it is ! said he.  5. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Jashore Board-2019] ​ I said to my friend, “Where are you going after the examination?” “I've not yet decided,”  said my friend.  “Let's go to my village home together. What a great time we will have there!” said I. “I'll discuss it with my parents,” said my friend. 6. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board-2019] ​ “Ruma, have you done your English lesson today?” asked the teacher.  “Yes, sir,  I have. But I haven't understood some grammatical points,” replied Ruma. “Where is the problem?”  said the teacher. “Let us try again.”  7. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Chattogram Board-2019] ​ Once I asked a little girl, “What's your mother's name?” I know my mother's name but I won't tell that. I never tell my mother's name to anybody whom I don't know.” I said, “How clever you are!” 8. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2019] ​ “Good morning, Emon. Why did you miss the most important class on the rules of the passage narration yesterday?” said the teacher. “What a fool I am! Please help me, sir.” “Don't miss the class and let's discuss the topic, ” said the teacher. 9. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Barishal Board-2019] ​ My friend said to me, "Where are you going?" "I am going to the tree fair," said I. "Will you take me with you?" "Yes," said I. "Let's walk together," he said.  JSC Examination -2018 All Board Questions 10. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board 2018] ​ Ratul sald to me, "Where are you going now?" "I am going to the stadium to watch a cricket match. Do you want to go with me?" said I. Ratul said, "Yes." I said, "Let's go together. 11. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Rajshahi Board 2018] ​ Mother said to Samia, "What are you doing now?" I am watching television mother," Samia replied. "Have you prepared your lesson? "Yes, mother." "It's late at night. Go to bed," mother said. 12. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board 2018] ​ "I came here yesterday from my town," Rudra said. "Why did you come here? I asked "My mother sent me to you with this letter." "Oh, what a good news! Let me read the letter," said I. 13. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Jeshore Board 2018] ​ The teacher said to the boy, "Why are you making a noise in the class? You are not attractive to your lessons." The boy said, "Sir. I am sorry. I was asking for a pen to my friend." The teacher said, “Be attentive and listen to me carefully.” 14. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board-2018, Barishal Board 2014] ​ My friend said to me, "Why are you reading this hour? It is time for prayer. Let us go out for a walk after saying prayer. "Yes, I am agree with you," I said. 15. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Chattogram Board-2018 & 2014] ​ The old man said, “Can you give me some food? I've been starving for two days.” The maid said, "Why do you beg? Can't you work?” "No, I am unable to work," said the old man. 16. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2018] ​ "What do you take as lunch in school, Shafiq?" Shafin said, “I always take junk food. Don't you like It at all?”  “No," Shafin said, "Why don't you like it?" "I don't like it because it does not contain any food value," Shafin said. 17. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Barishal Board-2018] ​ "Give me a few grains of corn. I am dying of hunger, " said the Grasshopper. "But what did you do in the summer? Didn't you store up any corn?" asked the Ant. "No, I was too busy in singing," JSC Examination -2017 All Board Questions 18. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board-2017] ​ The man said to the boy, "Are you going to sit for JSC Examination this year? "Yes said the boy. The man said, "How is your preparation?" "I have a good preparation," replied the boy. 19. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Rajshahi Board-2017] ​ Once I said to a little girl, "What is your mother's name?" "I know my mother's name. But I will no tell you that," said the girl. I said, "What a clever girl you are"   20. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board 2017] ​ The beggar said to me, “Will you give me some money? I have been suffering from fever for seven days.” I said, "What will you do with the money?” “I want to buy some medicine for myself. I am unable to move,” he said. 21. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Jeshore Board-2017] ​ The teacher said to the student, “Have you prepared your lesson today?” “No, sir,” replied the student. The teacher said, "Why do you not prepare your lesson?" "I was suffering from headache yesterday. I shall do my work tomorrow," replied the student. 22. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board-2017] ​ “What is a puppet show?” Sabu asked his father. Father said, "Let's go inside and you can see for yourself." Inside the tent Sabu said, "How strange, A doll is dancing and talking!" Father said, "A man behind the screen is moving the doll." 23. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Chattogram Board-2017] ​ "Have you prepared your lesson?" "Yes, sir, I have," I said. "Thank you. I like your sincerity," my teacher said to me. 24. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2017] ​ "Fahad, can you tell me what I am teaching?" the teacher asked. "I am sorry. I can't follow," replied Fahad. "You can't because you are not attentive. Be serious," the teacher said. 25. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Barishal Board-2017] ​ I said to my friend, "Where are you going on the summer vacation?" My friend said, "I have not yet decided. Let us go to my village home together." "I will think about it," Í said. JSC Examination -2016 All Board Questions 26. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board-2016] ​ "Have you offered your prayer today?" I said to my cousin. "No, I have forgotten," he said. "That's bad," I said. We must pray to the Almighty everyday. 27. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board 2016] ​ "Rojina, have you done your English lesson today?" said the teacher. "Yes, sir, I did it. But I haven't understood some grammatical points," replied Rojina. "Where is the problem?" said the teacher. 28. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Jashore Board 2016] ​ Shamim said to Karim, "How are you? I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you." “I went to the station,” said Karim. I had to receive my maternal uncle there" 29. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board 2016] ​ The teacher said to the student, "Have you prepared your lesson today?" "No, sir," replied the student. The teacher said, "Why have you not prepared?" "I was suffering from headache yesterday," replied the student. 30. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Chattogram Board-2016] ​ "I came here yesterday from my village," he said. "Why did you come?" I asked. "My mother sent me to you with this letter." "How is your mother? I have not seen her for a long time. I hope she is quite well." 31. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2016] ​ "What's your programme after the examination?" asked Salam. Kamal said, "I've not yet decided". Let us go for a picnic," said Salam. "What an excellent idea it is!" said Kamal. 32 Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Barishal Board-2016] ​ Takrim said to Srabon, "When does your JSC Examination commerce?" "It commences on the 1st November," said he. "Your JSC Examination is knocking at the door and you don't have a lot of said Takrim. "You're right," said Srabon. "And I'm learning my lessons with profound time, attention." JSC Examination -2015 All Board Questions 33. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board-2015] ​ "Have you taken your meal, Tania?" said the mother. "Yes, I have taken my meal," replied Tania. "Will you eat any fruit? Eat some mangoes," the mother said. 34. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Rajshahi Board-2015] ​ The father said to his daughter, "Do you know why I have sent you to school?" The daughter said, "Yes, I know. I have been sent to school to learn to read and write." 35. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board-2015] ​ The traveller said to the peasant, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn?" The peasant said, "Yes, do you want one in which you can spend the night?" The traveller said, "I do not wish to stay there, but I only want a meal." 36. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Jashore Board-2015] ​ Sakif said to his brother, "Where are you going?" "I want to go with you." "No, you cannot go with me. Stay at home and study attentively for the ensuing examination," said his brother. 37. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board-2015] ​ Lubna said to me, "Have you finished reading the book I gave you yesterday?" "Yes, I have finished reading the book," I replied. "What an interesting book it is! I wish I could borrow the book earlier," I said. "Will you return the book to me today?" she asked. 38. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Chattogram Board-2015] ​ "Have you offered your prayer today?" said my father. I replied, "No, I have forgotten." "Go to the prayer hall now. May the Creator bless you," said he. 39. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2015] ​ Father said to Saima, "Read attentively in order to get GPA-5." "I am reading seriously. Please pray to Allah for my success," said Saima. "May Allah bless you." 40. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Barishal Board-2015] ​ "I've lost my tooth," said Samira. "How ugly I will look !" "Don't worry," said Mina. "Just put your tooth into a rat's hole and a rat will give you one of its finest teeth." JSC Examination -2014 All Board Questions 41. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dhaka Board-2014] ​ "My sons, a great treasure lies hidden in the land there. I am going to leave it as I shall die soon," said the old father. Being curious, the sons said, "How shall we find it?" "You must dig the land for it," said the old man. 42. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Rajshahi Board-2014] ​ "Why don't you attend the class?" the teacher said to the boy. "You can't expect good results unless you attend classes as I tell you." "I am sorry sir, I have offended you," said the boy. "Thank you," said the teacher. 43. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Dinajpur Board-2014] ​ The teacher said to the boy, "Do you think that honesty is the best policy?" The boy said, "Yes sir, I think so." "Then learn to be honest from your boyhood," said the teacher. "Thank you, sir," said the boy. "May Allah grants you a long life," said the teacher to the boy.  44. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Cumilla Board-2014] ​ "Why were you absent ?" said the teacher. "The Headmaster is very angry with you. Go to him at once." "I was seriously ill," said Papia. 45. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [Sylhet Board-2014] ​ The teacher said to Kamal, "Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself." Kamal replied, "Sir, I am sorry. I am asking Jamal to lend me his pen. My pen has run out." The teacher said, "Be attentive and listen to my lecture." JSC Examination -2013 All Board Questions 46. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech. [JSC Exam All Board-2013| ​ "Why did you not go to school yesterday?" said the mother to the girl. "I was ill, mum," the girl replied. "How are you today?" the mother asked again. "Well," said the girl. "Don't worry for me.  47. Rewrite the following in the reported speech. ​ My father looked at me in anger and said to me, "Where have you been so long and why are you wasting your time?" After a moment he said, "will you not appear in the final examination?" I said, "I went to my friend's house to borrow an essential book, but he was not at home. So I had to wait for him." 48. Change the narrative style of the following text. ​ "Go to school, will you ?" "No, mom, I will not. I am ill". "How strange! You played all the morning, "said his mother to Shafik. 49. Change the narrative style of the following text. "Will you not go to school today, Mamun?" "No it's raining cats and dogs. All the roads have gone under knee-deep water." "Let's finish reading the last part of Harry Potter. Today is the most suitable day for reading," said Rana. 50.  Change the narrative style of the following text. ​ “Where did you go yesterday?” said Lipi.“ I went to Chittagong to see my mother,”said Mina. “She has been suffering from high blood pressure.” Is she sound now?” said Rajon. “No,” said Mina. Key Passage Narration Exercise 3.0 A+   A- JSC Passage Narration 2019 All Board Questions With Answer 1. Answer :  He asked me what I had been doing. I replied that I had been doing my assignment. Then he told me that I should have played in the afternoon because it would keep me fit. I thanked him for his advice.   2. Answer :  I asked the boy if he would go to my house the next day. I also added that we could discuss terms and conditions then. In reply, he said that he would be very happy to meet me at my house. He also thanked me so much.   3. Answer :   The teacher asked Hasan if he (H) had read the story of Shamima. Hasan replied respectfully in the affirmative and said that he(H) had read it. The teacher again told him(H) to tell him(t) the story. Then Hasan replied that he (H) was telling it then. The teacher exclaimed with appreciation that he (H) was a very good student.   4. Answer :  My friend asked me why I had not attended his birthday party. I replied that I had been in Dhaka at that time. He told me that he had missed me so much. I requested him to take that gift. He exclaimed with joy that it was very nice.   5. Answer :  I asked my friend where he was going after the examination. My friend replied that he had not yet decided. I proposed to him that we should go to my village home together. I exclaimed with joy that we would have a great time there. My friend said that he would discuss it with his parents.   6. Answer :  The teacher asked Ruma if she had done her English lesson that day. Ruma respectfully replied in the affirmative and said that she had done it but she hadn't understood some grammatical points. The teacher asked her where the problem was. He proposed to her that they should try again.   7. Answer :  Once I asked a little girl what her mother's name was. In reply, she said that she knew her mother's name but she wouldn't tell me that. She added that she never told her mother's name to anybody whom she didn't know. I exclaimed with wonder that she was very clever.   8. Answer:  The teacher wished Emon good morning and asked him (E) why he (E) had missed the most important class on the rules of the passage narration the previous day. Emon exclaimed that he was a great fool and proposed that they should discuss the topic.   9. Answer :  My friend asked me where I was going. I replied that I was going to the tree fair. He again asked me if I would take him with me. I replied that i would take him with me. Then he proposed to me that we should walk together. JSC Passage Narration 2018 All Board Questions With Answer 10. Answer :  asked me where I was going then. I replied that I was going to the stadium to watch a cricket match, I then asked him whether he wanted to go with me. Ratul agreed to go. I then proposed to him (R) that we should go together. 11. Answer:  Mother asked Samia what she (S) was doing then. In reply, Samia told her mother that she was watching television. Her mother again asked her if she had prepared her lesson. Samia replied that she had. Then her mother told her that it was late at night and also told her to go to bed.  12. Answer:  told me that he had gone there the previous day from his town. I asked him why he had gone there. In reply, he told me that his mother had sent him to me with that letter. I exclaimed with joy that it was a very good news and told him (R) that I might read the letter.  13. Answer:  The teacher asked the boy why he (b) was making a noise in the class. He (t) also told him (b) that he was not attentive to his (b) lessons. The boy respectfully apologized and replied that he had been asking for a pen to his (b) friend. The teacher advised him (b) to be attentive and listen to him (t) carefully.    14. Answer:  My friend asked me why I was reading that hour and added that it was time for prayer. He proposed to me that we should go out for a walk after saying prayer. I agreed with him.   15. Answer:  The old man asked the maid if she could give him some food. He added that he had been starving for two days. The maid asked him why he begged. She again asked him if he could not work. The old man replied in the negative and said that he was unable to work.  16. Answer:  Shafin asked Shafiq what he (Shafiq) took as lunch in school. Shafiq replied that he always took junk food and asked Shafin whether he (Shafin) liked it so much. Shafin replied that he didn't like it at all. Shafig again asked Shafin why he didn't like it. In reply, Shafin said that he didn't like it because it didn't contain any food value 17. Answer:  The Grasshopper requested the ant to give him a few grains of corn. He (g) also said that he was dying of hunger. Being shocked the ant asked him what he (g) had done in the summer. He (a) asked him again if he (g) hadn't stored up any corn. He (g) replied that he hadn't and said that he had been too busy singing.  JSC Passage Narration 2017 All Board Questions With Answer   18. Answer:  The man asked the boy if he (b) was going to sit for JSC Examination that year. The boy replied in the affirmative. Then the man again asked him how his (b) preparation was. The boy replied that he (b) had a good preparation.  19. Answer:  Once I asked a little girl what her mother's name was. She replied that she knew her mother's name but she would not tell me that. I exclaimed in wonder that she was a very clever girl.   20. Answer:  The beggar asked me if I would give him some money. He added that he had been suffering from fever for seven days. I asked him what he would do with the money. He replied that he wanted to buy some medicine for himself and added that he was unable to move. 21. Answer:  The teacher asked/inquired of the student if she/he(s) had prepared his/her lesson that day. The student respectfully replied in the negative. Then the teacher asked him/her (s) why she/he did not prepare his/her lesson. The student replied that s/he had been suffering from headache the previous day. She/he added that s/he would do his/her work the following day. 22. Answer:  Sabu asked his father what a puppet show was. Father suggested that they should go inside and he (s) could see for himself (s). Inside the tent Sabu exclaimed with wonder that it was very strange and said that a doll was dancing and talking. His father said that a man behind the screen was moving the doll.   23. Answer:  My teacher asked/enquired of me if/whether I had prepared my lesson. I replied in the affirmative and politely said that I had (prepared my lesson). My teacher thanked me and said that he (t) liked my sincerity.   24.  Answer:  The teacher asked Fahad if he (F) could tell him (t) what he (t) was teaching. Fahad respectfully replied that he (F) was sorry and said that he couldn't follow his (t) teaching. Then the teacher said that he (F) couldn't because he (F) was not attentive. The teacher advised him (F) to be serious. 25. Answer:  I asked my friend where he/she(f) was going on the summer vacation. My friend replied/said that he/she had not yet decided. He/She(f) suggested that we should go to his/her(f) village home together. I said that I would think about it.   JSC Passage Narration 2016 All Board Questions With Answer   26. Answer:  I asked my cousin if he had offered his prayer that day. He replied in the negative and said that he had forgotten. I told him that that was bad. I also said that we must pray to the Almighty every day. 27. Answer:  The teacher asked Rojina if she had done her English lesson that day. Rojina respectfully replied in the affirmative saying that she had done it and added that she hadn't however understood some grammatical points. The teacher asked her where the problem was. 28. Answer:  Shamim asked Karim how he (K) was. He (S) added that he (S) had gone to his (K) house the previous day, but had not found him (K). Karim replied that he (K) had gone to the station. He added that he (K) had to receive his (K) maternal uncle there. 29. Answer:  The teacher asked the student if he (s) had prepared his (s) lesson that day. The student respectfully replied in the negative. The teacher asked him (s) why he (s) had not prepared his (s) lesson. The student replied that he (s) had been suffering from headache the previous day. 30. Answer:  He told me that he had gone there the previous day from his village. I asked him why he had gone. He replied that his mother had sent him to me with that letter. I also asked him how his mother was and said that I had not seen her for a long time. I also added that I hoped she was quite well.   31.  Answer:  Salam asked Kamal what his (K) programme was after the examination. Kamal replied that he had not yet decided. Salam proposed that they should go for a picnic. Kamal exclaimed with joy that it was a very excellent idea. 32 Answer:  Takrim asked Srabon when his (S) JSC Examination commenced. He (S) replied that it commenced on the 1st November, Takrim added that his (S) JSC Examination was knocking at the door and he (S) didn't have a lot of time. Srabon said that he (1) was right and added that he (S) was learning his (SJ lessons with profound attention. JSC Passage Narration 2015 All Board Questions With Answer 33. Answer:  The mother asked Tania if she had taken her meal. Tania replied in the affirmative and said that she had taken her meal. The mother again asked her if she (T) would eat any fruit and advised/told her to eat some mangoes. 34. Answer:  The father asked his daughter if she knew why he had sent her to school. The daughter replied in the affirmative and said that she knew. She added that she had been sent to school to learn to read and write.   35. Answer:  The traveller asked the peasant if he (p) could tell him (t) the way to the nearest inn. The peasant replied in the affirmative and asked him if he (t) wanted one in which he (t) could spend the night. The traveller replied that he did not wish to stay there but he (t) only wanted a meal. 36. Answer:  Sakif asked his brother where he (b) was going, He (S) also said that he (S) wanted to go with m (b). His brother replied in the negative and said that he (S) could not go with him (b). He (b) again told him (S) to stay at home and study attentively for the ensuing examination.   37. Answer:  Lubna asked me if I had finished reading the book she had given me the previous day. I replied In the affirmative and said that I had finished reading the book. Then I exclaimed with joy that it was a very interesting book and wished with joy that I could borrow the book earlier. Then she asked me if I would return the book to her that day.   38. Rewrite the following passage changing the form of speech.  [Chattogram Board-2015] "Have you offered your prayer today?" said my father. I replied, "No, I have forgotten." "Go to the prayer hall now. May the Creator bless you," said he. Answer:  My father asked me if I had offered my prayer that day, I replied in the negative and said that I had forgotten. He ordered me to go to the prayer hall then. He wished that the Creator might bless me.   39. Answer:  Father advised Saima to read attentively in order to get GPA-5. Saima replied that she was reading seriously. She requested her father to pray to Allah for her success. Father prayed that Allah might bless her.   40. Answer:  Samira told Mina that she (S) had lost her (S) tooth. She (S) exclaimed with sorrow that she (S) would look very ugly. Mina told her (S) not to worry and also told her to just put her (S) tooth into a rat's hole and a rat would give her (S) one of its finest teeth. JSC Passage Narration 2014 All Board Questions With Answer 41. Answer:  The old father told his sons that a great treasure lay hidden in the land there and added that he was going to leave it as he would die soon. Being curious, the sons asked the old father how they would find it. The old man replied that they had to dig the land for it. 42. Answer:  The teacher asked the boy why he (b) did not attend the class. He again told him (b) that he (b) could not expect good results unless he (b) attended classes as he (t) told him (b). The boy respectfully apologized and added that he (b) had offended him (t). Then the teacher thanked him (b). 43. Answer:  The teacher asked the boy if he (b) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative and said that he thought so. The teacher advised him (b) then to learn to be honest from his boyhood. The boy respectfully thanked him (t). The teacher prayed that Allah might grant him (b) a long life. 44. Answer:  The teacher asked Papia why she had been absent and said that the Headmaster was very angry with her. He told her to go to him (Headmaster) at that moment. Papia said that she had been seriously ill.   45. Answer:  The teacher asked Kamal why he was talking in the class. He (t) added that he (K) should behave himself. Kamal respectfully apologized. He added that he was asking Jamal to lend him (K) his (J) pen because his (K) pen had run out. The teacher advised Kamal to be attentive and listen to his lecture.   JSC Passage Narration 2013 All Board Questions With Answer   46. Answer:  The mother asked the girl why she (g) had not gone to school the previous day. Addressing her mother as mum, the girl replied that she (g) had been ill. The mother again asked her (g) how she(g) was that day. The girl replied that she was well and told her (m) not to worry for her. 47 . Answer:  My father looked at me in anger and asked me where I had been so long and why I was wasting my time. After a moment he further asked me if I would not appear in the final examination. I told my father that I had gone to my friend's house to borrow an essential book, but he had not been at home, so I had to wait for him. 48. Answer:  Mother ordered Shafik to go to school. She again asked him whether he would go or not. Shafik replied in the negativé and told his mother that he would not. He mentioned that he was ill. Then mother was surprised and pointed out that he had played all the morning.   49. Answer:  Rana asked Mamun if he (M) would not go to school that day. Mamun replied in the negative and said that it was raining cats and dogs. He (M) further said that all the roads had gone under knee-deep water: Afterwards, Rana proposed that they should finish reading the last part of Harry Potter. He (R) also added that that day was the most suitable day for reading.   50. Answer:  Lipi asked Mina where she (m) had gone the previous day. Mina replied that she (m) had gone to Chittagong to see her (m) Mother. Mina added that she (mo) had been suffering from high blood pressure. Lipiagain asked Mina if she (mo) was sound then. Minareplied in the negative.

Rules of changing s Passage Narration                     1.    Rule – .By reading the passage carefully, the Speaker, Listener, Tense, Number, Gender & Person and mood of the sentence are to be identified.  2.    Rule – If the Reporting Verb is after the Direct Speech, in Indirect Speech it is set at the beginning of the Sentence. Example-  Direct : “Please tell me clearly what you mean to say.” said the noble man.  Indirect : The noble man requested to tell him clearly what he meant to say. Direct : “It will be decided after a discussion,” said the teacher.  Indirect : The teacher said that it would be decided after a discussion.  Direct : “Why did you not go to school yesterday?” said the mother to the girl.  Direct : "Take this money and go to the market." "Your brother is coming today," said father.  Indirect : Father ordered me to take that money and go to the market. He added that my brother was coming that day. 3.    Rule . If the Reporting Verb is in the middle of the Sentences, in Indirect Speech it is set beginning of the first Sentence and both sentences are joined by and.  Direct: “Thank you,” said the teacher, “You’re really brilliant.”  Indirect: The teacher thanked him and said that he was really brilliant. Direct :“Where is the problem?” said the teacher, “Let us try again.”  Indirect: The teacher asked where the problem was and proposed that they should try again.  Direct: “I’m watching the boys swimming in the pond,” he said, “How happy they are!”  Indirect: He said that he was watching the boys swimming in the pond and exclaimed with joy that they were very happy.  Direct : "You look a little bit like my mother," Jerry said to the authoress, "Especially in the dark by the fire." Indirect : Jerry told the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. 4.    Rule – In absence of ‘Subject & Listener’ in the Reporting Speech, ‘The speaker’ for Subject & ‘the person spoken to / the listener’ for object of Reporting Verb are written.  Direct: “I shall meet you tomorrow. “ Indirect: The speaker said to the person spoken to that he would meet him the next day.  Direct : “Are you coming to my house tomorrow?” “Yes, I will come tomorrow evening.”  Indirect: The speaker asked the listener if he was going to his house the next day. The listener replied in the affirmative and said that he would come the next evening. Direct: “Don’t go there.” Indirect: The speaker told the person spoken to not to go there. 5.    Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) – In Assertive Sentence, reporting verb is changed into added / further added / again said / also said etc.  Direct : “Here are the tickets. They will cost one thousand taka,” said the ticket officer.  Indirect : The ticket officer told that there were the tickets and said that they would cost one thousand taka. Direct : Hasan said, "I will meet him. I will explain everything to him. I hope he will help us after that." Indirect : Hasan said that he would meet him and explain everything to him. Then he hoped that he would help them after that. 6.    Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) In Interrogative Sentence, reporting verb is changed into again asked / also asked / further asked etc.  Direct: The maid said, “Why do you beg? Can’t you work?”  Indirect : The maid asked him why he begged and also asked him if he could not work.  Direct: He said to me, ‘ Who are you? What do you want?’ Indirect: He asked me who I was and what I wanted. 7.    Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) In Imperative Sentence, reporting verb is changed into again advised / also requested / further ordered according to sense of the sentence. In Indirect Speech, two same sentences are joined by and.  Direct : Nayem said to me, “I have left my pen at home. Can you give me one?”  Indirect: Nayem told me that he had left her pen at home and asked if I could give him one.  8.    Rule- In Direct speech if a speaker uses interrogative and assertive sentence together, ‘and’ is used to join the sentences or then is used at the beginning of the second sentence Direct: The teacher said to Urmi, “ Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself.” Indirect: The teacher asked Urmi why she was talking in the class and said that she should behave herself. Direct: “I do not know the way. Do you?” he asked her. Inderect: He said that he did not know the way and asked her whether she did.  Direct : Mother said to me, "You should maintain your routine properly," "Don't you think it is good for your study?" Indirect : Mother said to me that I should maintain my routine properly and asked me if I didn't think it was good for my study. 9.    Rule- To change a dialogue into indirect , we should assume the indicated portion and write accordingly in indirect speech. Direct : "What is your name?" : Rubaba." Indirect : I asked her what her name was. She replied that her name was Rubaba. ,Direct    : I said to him, "How long will you stay?" He replied, "for five days." Indirect : I asked him how long he would stay. He replied that he would stay for five days. 10.    Rule – . ‘Replied in the affirmative’ are written instead of ‘Yes’. Replied that +sub+ verb can also be used. Direct :“Did people use stamps in those days?” asked Rafiq. “Yes!” answered Mr. Jamil.  Indirect: Rafiq asked Mr. Jamil if people had used stamps in those days. Mr. Jamil replied in the affirmative.  Direct    : He said to me, "Are you ill ‘ . I replied, " Yes." Indirect : He asked me if I was ill. I replied in the affirmative/that I was I was. 11.    Rule –  If any statement is after ‘Yes’, ‘replied in the affirmative and said that’ are written.  Direct :“Have you killed the rats?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have killed,” said the piper.  Indirect: The Mayor asked the piper if he had killed the rats. The piper replied in the affirmative and said that he had killed.  Direct : He said to me, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest bank?” I said, “Yes, I can tell.”  Indirect: He asked me if I could tell him the way to the nearest bank. I replied in the affirmative and said that I could tell. Direct : He said to me, "Do you like games and sports?" I said, "Yes, I play football and cricket." Indirect : He asked me if I liked games and sports. I replied that I did and added that I played football and cricket. 12.    Rule – ‘Replied in the negative’ are written instead of ‘No’. Replied that +sub+ verb(negative form) can also be used. Direct: She said to me, “Do you like music? I said, “No.”  Indirect : She asked me if I liked music. I replied in the negative.  Direct    : He said to me, "Do you know Rajib?" I said, "No." Indirect : He asked me if I knew Rajib. I replied that I did not. 13.    Rule – If any statement is after ‘No’, ‘replied in the negative and said that’ are written.  Direct : “Aren’t you wasting your time?” I said. “No, I don’t think so,” he said.  Indirect : I asked him if he wasn’t wasting his time. He replied in the negative and said that he didn’t think so.  Direct : He said to me, “Would you accompany me, please?” “No, I am sorry,” replied I.  Indirect: He asked me if I would accompany him. I replied in the negative and said that I was sorry. Direct : Zaman said to Rajib," Have you completed the homework?" Rajib said, "No, I am ill." Indirect : Zaman asked Rajib if he (R) had completed his homework. Rajib replied that he (R) had not because he was ill. 14.    Rule- If yes/no is used to emphasize the statement, we can use promised or denied as reporting verb. Direct: He said, "Yes, sir, I shall go." Indirect : He promised that he would go. Direct: She said, "No, sir, I have not seen it." Indirect : She denied that she had seen it. Or, She denied having seen it. 15.    Rule – Instead of ‘Sir’, respectfully/politely is written.  Direct: The man said to the manager, “May I come in, sir?”  Indirect: The man respectfully asked the manager if he might go in.  Direct : The boy said, “Yes sir, I think so.”  Indirect : The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative and said that he thought so.  Direct : Kamal said, "Sir, I am sorry." Indirect : Kamal respectfully said that he was sorry. Direct : She said, "Sir, I will be attentive from now." Indirect : She respectfully said that she would be attentive from then. Direct : Rajib said, "Sir, are you busy now?" Indirect : Rajib respectfully asked if he was busy then. Direct : He said to me, "Sir, I will be late today." Indirect : He respectfully said to me that he would be late that day. 16.    Rule- If the addressing is true, the name of the person/thing is written as object of the reporting verb. Name used in vocative case is added with Reporting verb. Direct : The teacher said, "Rajib, why are you making a noise?" Indirect : The teacher asked Rajib why he (R) was making a noise. Direct : "Let him come with us, mother," I said.  Indirect : I asked my mother to let him come with us. Direct: Mother said, “Sumya, do not quarrel.”  Indirect: Mother ordered Sumya not to quarrel.  17.    Rule – 13. ‘Addressing as’ is written beginning of the sentence instead of Sir/ friend/ sister/ brother/ mum etc. if they really don’t have any relation.  Direct : The student said, “Sir, I have a problem to solve it.”  Indirect : Addressing as sir, the student said that he had a problem to solve it.  Direct: “Are you hungry, my friends?” said the leader.  Indirect : Addressing as his friends, the leader asked if they were hungry.  Direct : Amir said, “Brethren, Listen to my word.”  Indirect: Addressing as brethren, Amir request to listen to his word.  Direct : “I was ill, mum,” the girl replied.  Indirect : Addressing her mother as mum, the girl replied that she had been ill. Direct : "Are you hungry, friends?" said the shrewd (t)v) king. Indirect : Addressing them as friends, the shrewd king asked if they were hungry. Direct : Rashed said to the man, "Sir, are you looking for someone?" Indirect : Addressing the man as sir, Rashed asked him (m) if he (m) was looking for someone. 18.    If the sentence start with shall I/ we and indicates offer, the sentence is transformed into indirect using the rules of imperative sentence. Direct : "Shall I bring you some tea?" he said to me. Indirect : He offered to bring me some tea. Direct : He said to me, "Shall I bat on top order?" Indirect : He offered to bat on top order. Direct : We said, "Shall we contribute some amount for the affected people?" Indirect : We offered to contribute some amount for the affected people.    • Direct : I said, "Shall I join the party?" Indirect : I offered to join the party. Direct : He said, "Shall I meet him tomorrow?" Indirect : He offered to meet him the next day. 19.    Rule – In stead of ‘Thank you’, ‘Subject + thanked + Object of Reporting Verb are written.  Direct: He said to me, “Thank you.”  Indirect: He thanked me.  Direct : The teacher said to me, “Thank you.”  Indirect : The teacher thanked me.  Direct : Mrs. Kalam said, “Thank you, Mr. Haque.  Indirect: Mrs. Kalam thanked Mr. Haque.  20.    Rule – 12. Instead of Good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/ Happy new year etc. Subject + wished + object + good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/happy new year etc.  Direct: I said to him, “Good morning.”  Indirect: I wished him good morning.  Direct : The teacher said to us, “Good afternoon to all of you.”  Indirect: The teacher wished good afternoon to all of us.  Direct: Father said to them, “Good evening to all of you.”  Indirect : Father wished them good evening to all of them.  Direct : I said to you, “Good night.”  Indirect : I wished you good night.  Direct : She said to me, “Happy new year.”  Indirect : She wished me happy new year. 21.    Rule –  In stead of ‘Good bye’/Good night, ‘Subject + bade + object + good bye’ /Good night are written.  Direct: The leader said, “Good bye my, friends.”  Indirect: The leader bade his friends good bye.  Direct: Father said to the boy, Good night’ Indirect: Father bade the boy good night. 22.    If why is written as an reply o f a question, in indirect speech speaker+ wanted to know the reason is used. Direct: "When will you come?" "At 9 am. Why, mother?" said the son. Indirect: Mother asked her son when he would come. The son replied that he would come at 9 am and wanted to know the reason (for such question). Direct : Shetu said to Tanha, "I will not go for the study tour." "Why? We will have lots of fun."  Indirect : Shetu said to Tanha that he (s) would not go for the study tour. Tanha wanted to know the reason and said that they would have lots of fun. Direct : Mother said to Lifa, "Are you going with me?" "No, mother." "Why?". "I am feeling unwell." Indirect : Mother asked Lifa if she was going with her. Addressing her as mother, Lifa replied in the negative. Mother wanted to know the reason. Lifa replied that she was feeling unwell, 23.    Rule-well/you see/you know is left out in the indirect speech Direct: The teacher said to him, “Well Rony, I shall reward you.” Indirect: The teacher said to Rony that he would reward him. 24.    Rule - Oh I see/Look is replaced by expressing surprise and drawing attention to  Direct: Shahid said to Imran, “Oh I see. He is the Director of the company.” Indirect: Expressing surprise, Shahid told Imran that he was the Director of the company. Direct: He said, “Look, I have bought a new red car.” Indirect: Drawing attention, he said that he had bought a new red car. 25.    Rule -In assertive sentence/imperative sentence if yes/no/alright/ok  is used, we replace them by using agreed/disagreed/decline. Direct: The manager said, “Finish the work as soon as possible.” The employee said, “ Alright sir. You will get the work done within a few days.” Indirect: The manager ordered to finish the work as soon as possible. The employee agreed and respectfully added that he would get the work done within a few days. Direct: “ I am sent to school for playing with friends, father.” Jack said. “No, you are sent to school to read and write.” Indirect: Jack told his father that he was sent to school for playing with friends. Father disagreed and added that he was sent to learn to read and write.  26.    Rule - If two parts of the imperative sentence is added with ‘or’ , second part of the sentence is replaced by and added if+ subject+ did not do so. Subject + would/could/might+ verb  is used. Direct: “Read attentively or you will fail, “ said the teacher. Indirect: The teacher advised to read attentively and added if he did not do so he would fail. Direct: He said to me, “ Have patience or you will not be able to catch fish. Indirect: He advised me to have patience and added that if I did not so I would not be able to catch fish. 27.    Rule – In stead of ‘Part of a Sentence or Phrase’, complete sentence is written according to the sense of the Speaker.  Direct: The teacher said, “How are you?” “Well,” said the girl.  Indirect: The teacher asked the girl how she was. The girl replied that she was well.  Direct: Apu said to me, “What are you doing?” I said, “Eating rice.”  Indirect: Apu asked me what I was doing. I replied that I was eating rice.  28.    Rule – In stead of ‘By Allah/ by God/ by Lord/ by Jove/ by my life, Swearing by Allah/ by God/ by Lord/ by Jove/ by my life etc are written in the Indirect Speech.  Direct: “By Allah,” he replied, “I will not leave this place.”  Indirect: Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that place. Direct : "By Allah, believe me, I did not know him," said Amrin. Indirect : Swearing by Allah, Amrin requested to believe her and said that she had not known him. Direct : Imran said, "By your life, I will study regularly from now, mom." Indirect : Swearing by her life, Imran said to his mother that he would study regularly from then. Direct : "By God", the boy said, "I will not let him go." Indirect : Swearing by God the boy said that he would not let him go. Direct : Aashiqa said, "By my life, I am ready to do every possible thing to educate them." Indirect : Swearing by her life, .Ashiqa said that she was ready to do every possible thing to educate them. 29.    Rule –The portion written outside of the inverted comma usually remained unchanged. But ‘Present participle phrase’ are written beginning of the Sentence in Indirect Speech.  Direct:“Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the boys.  Indirect: Turning to the boys, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers.  Direct : Walking towards the door, he said to me, "Wait here for sometime." Indirect : Walking towards the door, he ordered me to wait there for sometime. Direct : Admitting the truth, the man said, "I was really unaware of the fact." Indirect : Admitting the truth, the man said that he had been really unaware of the fact. Direct : Giving a round of applause, we said, "Happy Birthday to you." Indirect : Giving a round of applause, we wished her happy birthday. Direct : In order to get back her lost daughter, she said, "I will give an amount of two lac taka who will find out my daughter." Indirect : In order to get back her lost daughter, she said that she would give an amount of two lac taka who would find out her daughter. 30.    Rule –If question mark (?) is ending of Assertive sentence, ‘Being surprised’ are written beginning of Indirect Speech and followed the rules of ‘Interrogative sentence’.  Direct: Luna said to me, “You have remembered how she looked all these years?”  Indirect: Being surprised, Luna asked me if I had remembered how she had looked all those years. Direct : My brother said to me, "You know him?" Indirect : Being surprised, my brother asked me if I knew him.     Direct : Johnny said to Iddris, "Bangladesh lost the match?" Indirect : Being surprised, Johnny asked Iddris if Bangladesh lost the match. Direct : She said to her brother, "You failed in the exam? I frequently told you to study more and more." Indirect : Being surprised, she asked her brother if he failed in the exam. She again said that she had frequently told him to study more and more. Direct : I said to Rashed, "He is outside the country? But I saw him last night." Indirect : Being surprised, I asked Rashed if he was outside the country and added that I had seen him the previous night. 31.    Rule - If the second sentence of the reported speech expresses the reason of the first sentence, we can use since/as/because as linker Direct: “ I will not attend the meeting . I am ill,” he said Indirect: He said that  he would not attend the meeting as he was ill. Direct : Raiyan said "I failed in the examination. I did not work hard." Indirect : Raiyan said that he had failed in the examination since he did not work hard. Direct : The man said, "The thief was not seen. There was dark all around." Indirect : The man said that the thief had not seen since there had been dark all around, Direct : The batsman said, "I played bad. The pitch is too slow to bat." Indirect : The batsman said that he had played bad as the pitch was too slow to bat. Direct : The workers said, We will go for a strike. We are not getting our salaries timely." Indirect : The workers said that they would go for a strike as they were not getting their salaries timely. Direct : Father said to me, "I could not withdraw the money. I have lost my ATM card." Indirect : Father said to me that he could not withdraw the money since he had lost his ATM card. 32.    Rule-You ought to /should/had better/if I were you will be left out and advised will be used instead Direct: You had better hurry, Jony,” she said. Indirect: She advised Jony to hurry. Direct: “ If I were you, I would wait,” I said to him. Indirect: I advised him to  wait. Direct : I said to her, "You had better watch the way you talk to me in the future." Indirect : I advised her to watch the way she talk to me in the future. Direct : "They had better be here before we start dinner," she said. Indirect : She advised to be there before they start dinner. Direct : He said to me, "You ought to tell her everything." Indirect : He advised me to tell her everything. Direct : Rashed said to. Ibrahim, "If I were you, I would not do this." Indirect : Rashed advised Ibrahim not to do that. 33.    Rule - Sorry/ I am sorry is replaced by apologized  Direct: “Sorry , sir, I will not be late again,” said the student. Indirect: The student apologized and said that he would not be late again. Direct : The boy said, "Sorry. It was my mistake."    . Indirect : The boy apologized and said that it had been his mistake. Direct : The stranger said, "I am sorry. I don't know anyone here." Indirect : The stranger apologized and said that he didn't know anyone there. Direct : He said to his father, "Sorry. I will not do it again." Indirect : He apologized to his father and said that he would not do it again. Direct : The girl said, "I am sorry. I behaved with you wrongly." Indirect : The girl apologized and said that she had behaved with him wrongly.  34.    Rule : Sorry to disturb you/excuse me is replaced by seeking an excuse in indirect speech Direct: The man said, “ Excuse me, how can I find this address?” Indirect: Seeking an excuse, the man asked how he could find that address. Direct: The girl said to the man, “ Sorry to disturb you, are you Mr. Max?” Indirect: Seeking an excuse  the girl asked the man if he was Mr.Max. Direct : "Sony to disturb, would you tell me the way to the nearest college?" said the man.  Indirect : Seeking an excuse, the man asked if he would tell him the way to the nearest college.  Direct : Kamal said to his teacher, "Excuse me, sir. I did not understand the math you solved now." Indirect : Seeking an excuse, Kamal respectfully said to his teacher that he (k) had not understood the math he (t) solved then. 35.    Rule – If Pronoun is beginning and Noun is ending of the Sentence, The noun used as subject is replaced by pronoun.  Direct : “My sons, listen to me.” “We are listening.” “I am going to die,” said the old man.  Indirect : The old man told his sons to listen to him. His sons replied that they are listening. The old man said that he was going to die. Direct: Imran said to her, “ How was your exam?” Lifa Said, “Very good” Indirect: Imran asked Lifa how her exam had been. Lifa replied that her exam was very good. Direct : Selim said to him, "I am ready to go." Mr. Anwar said, "Grab a car. We are already late." Indirect : Selim said to Mr. Anwar that he (S) was ready to go. Mr Anwar told Selim to grab a car and added that they were already late. Direct : The maid said to him, "Why do you beg?" The old man replied, "I am too old to work."  Indirect : The maid asked the old man why he (OM) begged. The old man replied that he (OM) was too old to work. 36.    Rule - In case of tag question the statement part of the tag question is changed following the rules of interrogative sentence and tag portion is changed using “and assumed that “ and remaining follows the rule of assertive sentence Sturucture: Speaker+asked+listener+if+subject+verb+……and assumed that + subject+ verb……….. Direct: Della said to Jim, “I’m me without my hair, ain’t i? Indirect: Della asked Jim if she was her without her hair and assumed that she was. Direct: The man said, “We love our country, don’t we?” Indirect: The man asked if we loved our country and assumed that we did. Direct : He said, "Everybody loves flower, don't they?" Indirect : He asked if everybody loves flower and assumed that they do. Direct : I said, "I did not come last night, did I?" Indirect : I asked if I had not gone the previous night and assumed that I hadn't. Direct : "They are very serious, aren't they?" Aashiqa said. Irfdirect : Aashiqa asked if they were very serious and assumed that they were. Important Note:   Some are of opinion that when the Reporting Verb is in the past tense, "All past tenses of the direct form either remain in the past tense, or are changed into the past perfect tense. The past perfect tense is used chiefly when we wish to lay stress on the completion of the action." This certainly violates the rules of the sequence of tense; still, it cannot often be helped. For example, let us take the following passage: Direct: He said to me, "I went home in January. There I met my sister after a long time. She was a widow and was very eager to see me. My mother to wished me to see her." Indirect: He said to me that he had gone home in January. There he had met his sister after a long time. She had been a widow and had been very eager to see him. His mother, too had wished him to see her. Now, so many past perfect tenses in a single passage are certainly bad English. If instead, we retain the simple past indefinite of the original in the indirect form, the rendering will be good English. Hence, the rule stated above. In the case of short sentence, however, the past may be and shall be changed into the past perfect, because that does not create any difficulty. Rules overview with Explanation ** Read the passage narration from first to last and try to understand the speakers and their speeches. You have to differentiate each speech and its speaker. You may not get the name of speaker in each speech. But observing the context of speeches, you have to mark that. Example and Explanation: “You have lost my new bag today. Why have you gone outside leaving it then?”, asked the Master. “I went outside for drinking a glass of water sir”, said the Servant. “But you could go after my coming. Now pay for the bag.” “Yes, I am guilty for my carelessness but now I have no money”, replied the servant. In this passage, notice the sentences “But you could go after my coming. Now pay for the bag.” And you will get that there is no speaker mentioned after the speeches. But because of context, we get that it is the speeches of the master. ** You have to write the name of speaker and listener of each speech before the speech during changing. In question, you may not get the name with each sentence and you may get the name of speaker at first or last. But during the changing into indirect, you have to put the name of speaker and listener at first. Example and Explanation: Direct:  “I have called you today. Were you so much busy?”, he said. “I was busy with some official works”, said I. Indirect: He said to me that he had called me that day. He asked me if I was so much busy. I replied that I had been busy with some official works. So, you have seen that I have mentioned the name of speaker and listener before each sentence and though it is not mentioned before each speech in direct passage. Yes, it is your duty to put the part reporting verb before each speech in the passage. ** You will mention the name of both speaker and listener for the first time. Next, you have to address them by pronoun word such as: “he, she, and they,”. If the pronoun of the two persons become same, you will mark the pronoun words with the first alphabet in a bracket after it such as: “He (M)/ He (S)”. but if there is the name mentioned after any speech, you will also mention the name again. Example and Explanation: Direct:  “You have lost my new bag today. Why have you gone outside leaving it then?”, asked the Master. “I went outside for drinking a glass of water sir”, said the Servant. Indirect: The master told the servant that he(S) had lost his (M) new bag that day. He (M) asked him (S) why he(S) had gone outside leaving it then. The Servant respectfully replied that he(S) had gone outside for drinking a glass of water. So, you have seen that I have mentioned the name of speaker and listener for the first time. Then, I have mentioned them with pronoun words and marker: He (M) or He(S). Here, I have used the word ‘respectfully’ for the word ‘sir’. ** In passage, if there are two or more sentences of the same speaker together, you have to use the expression: “said to/told” for the first speech. But for the second speech, you will use the expression: “again said/told/asked, added, and further said/told/asked”. But remember, if the sentences are of similar categories, you will do it. If one sentence is assertive and another one is interrogative or imperative, you need not apply this method.  For Assertive Sentence For Interrogative Sentence Said that And added that And further added that And moreover added that And again added that Asked if And further asked if And more asked if And again asked if Example and Explanation: Direct:  “You have selected the boy for the job. You will take his responsibility from now”, said the Officer. Indirect: The officer said to me that I had selected the boy for the job. He again said that I would take his responsibility from then. Here, the speaker ‘the officer’ has spoken for two times and the sentence category of these two sentences is assertive. So, I have used the expression ‘again said’ before the second speech.  Rule-05:   There are some certain words or phrases in direct speeches which will be changed in indirect speeches. Now, I will show you a chart of those phrases. Here it is: Forms in Direct Speech Forms in Indirect Speech Sir Respectfully said/asked……. Yes Replied in the affirmative that…… No Replied in the negative that…… Thanks Subject+ thanked+ object Good morning/evening/night Subject+ wished+ object+ good morning/evening/night Good bye Subject+ bade+ object+ good bye By Allah/God/Jove/my life.. Swearing by Allah/God/Jove/my life.. Ok Subject+ agreed that…… Hello/hi Subject+ greeted that… Replied/asked/cried/uttered/muttered No change Examples:  Direct: The boy said, “ Sir , I will attend the classes regularly.” Indirect: The boy  respectfully said  that he would attend the classes regularly. Direct: You said, “ Yes , it is my lost bag.” Indirect: You said  in the affirmative that  it was your lost bag. Direct: He said to me, “ No , I cannot help you now.” Indirect: He said to me  in the negative that  he could not help me then. Direct: You said to me, “ Thanks , you have done the job.” Indirect:  You   thanked me  and said that I had done the job. Direct: He said to you, “ Good morning , how are you?” Indirect:  He   wished you good morning  and asked how you were. Direct: He said to me, “ Good bye , meet me tomorrow” Indirect:  He bade me good bye  and told to meet him the next day. Direct: She said to me, “ By Allah , I will meet you.” Indirect:  Swearing by Allah  he said to me that he would meet me. Direct: Rajib said to me, “ Ok , I am going there now.” Indirect: Rajib  agreed with me  and said that he was going there then. Direct: He said to her, “ Hello , how are you?” Indirect:  He greeted her  and asked how she was. Direct: He  uttered  silently, “No one is here now.” Indirect: He  uttered  silently that no one was there then. ** If there is any addressing word in a sentence such as “friend/father/brother/sister/mother/king/comrades/viewers” , you will use a different structure during changing into indirect. Here is the structure: Addressing+ object+ as+ friend+ subject+ verb……………….  Addressing+ object+ as+ friend+ subject+ verb………………. Example:  Direct: He said to me, “ Friend , give me this book for reading.” Indirect:  Addressing me as friend  he told me to give him that book for reading. ** If there is any phrase out of inverted commas (“ ”), you will not change it. You will rewrite the same form of phrase at the beginning of the reporting verb of indirect speech. See the example:  Direct:  He said to me  moving beside the Indian boarder , “I am visiting the historical place.” Indirect:  Moving beside the Indian boarder , He said to me that he was visiting the historical place. **   If there is a name of a person in the speech and inverted commas (“ ”), you will use that name in reporting verb during changing the speech. Example:  Direct: He said, “Where are you going  Robin ?” Indirect: He asked  Robin  where he was going. ** If the sentence in inverted commas (“ ”), is in assertive but with an interrogation sign (?) at last, you will use the expression: “Being surprised” at the beginning of indirect speech. Besides, you have to transform the direct speech into indirect following the structure of interrogative sentence. Example:  Direct: He said to me,  “You know where he lives now?”  Indirect:  Being surprised , he asked me if I knew where he lived then. ** Sometimes, we do not get any object of reporting verb in direct speech. In that case, we can use the expression: “the person spoken to…” or “me” as the object of reporting verb in indirect speech. Example:  Direct:  He said , “I will tell you the incident tomorrow.” Indirect: He said  to the person spoken to  that he would tell him the incident the next day. Or, Indirect:  He said  to me  that he would tell him the incident the next day. Now see the example of a passage narration and its transformation from direct to indirect.  Direct:  “You have lost my new bag today. Why have you gone outside leaving it then?”, asked the Master. “By Allah, I went outside for drinking a glass of water sir”, said the Servant. “you could go after my coming. You could wait for someone else. Now pay for the bag.” “Yes, I am guilty for my carelessness but now I have no money”, cried the servant. Indirect:  The Master said to the Servant that he(S) had lost his(M) new bag that day. He(M) asked him(S) why he(S) had gone outside leaving it then. Swearing by Allah, the servant respectfully replied that he(S) had gone outside for drinking a glass of water. He(M) said to him(S) that he(S) could go after his(M) coming. He(M) again said that he(S) could wait for someone else. He(M) ordered him(S) to pay for the bag then. The servant cried and said in the affirmative that he(S) was guilty for his(S) carelessness but then he(S) had no money. Explanation: Here, the first two sentences “You have lost my new bag today. Why have you gone outside leaving it then?” are spoken by the speaker ‘The Master’. So, before the both sentences, I have mentioned the name of speaker ‘master’ and listener ‘servant’ in reporting verb. The 1st sentence is an assertive sentence. So, I have used the verb ‘told’. But the 2nd sentence is interrogative. So, I have used the verb ‘asked’. After that, I have used the phrases ‘Swearing by Allah’ for the part ‘By Allah’ and ‘respectfully’ for the word ‘sir’. Besides, I have used the verb ‘replied’ here because the servant is answering the question of the master. Then, there are 3 sentences without mentioning the name of speaker before or after. But from the conversation and its context, we can assume that these speeches are spoken by the master. Among these 3 sentences, the first 2 sentences are in assertive but the last one is in imperative. So, I have used the verb ‘again said’ in second speech. Finally, there is a sentence-“Yes, I am guilty for my carelessness but now I have no money” told by the servant. As there is the name of speaker mentioned, I have used the name also. The word ‘cried’ is unchanged. The expression ‘said in the affirmative’ is used for the word ‘yes’. You have noticed that throughout the whole passage, I have used the pronoun form ‘he’ for the subject and I have put the marker (M) or (S) after the pronoun. The other elements of reported speeches such as persons, tenses of verbs, and adverbials have been changed according to the general rules following the structure of sentence categories such as assertive, interrogative, and imperative. You have to remember and notice all the things I have explained here. Examples- Direct to Indirect Change the narrative style of the following text. I said to the old man, “What are you doing?” “I’m watching the boys, swimming in the pond,” he said. “How happy they are! May Allah bless them.” “Let me sit by you and enjoy the scene,” I said. Answer: I asked the old man what he was doing. He replied that he was watching the boys swimming in the pond. He exclaimed with wonder that they were very happy. He prayed that Allah might bless them. I requested him to let me sit by him and enjoy the scene. Change the narrative style of the following text. Sohel asked alok, “Friend, have you ever visited the National Memorial at Savar in Dhaka? Wow, how splendid it is!” “Yes, I haven’t yet gone there. But I must visit there after the SSC exam is over.” “It has been built in memory of the martyhrs of our Liberation War. May God bless their souls,” Sohel said. Answer: Addressing Alok as friend, Sohel asked him (A) if he (A) had ever visited the National Memorial at Savar in Dhaka. He (S) exclaimed with great joy that it was very splendid. Alok agreed with him and said that he hadn’t yet gone there. He added that he had to visit there after the SSC exam was over. Sohel said that it had been built in memory of the martyrs of our liberation war. He (S) also prayed that God might bless the souls of them (m). Change the narrative style of the following text. “Have you ever been to Indonesia?” asked my friend, Rushed. “No. I have never gone” replied I. But I desire to go there. Though I had an opportunity to go to Indonesia last month, I couldn’t avail of the opportunity because of my exam.” “Let s go there in this Puja vacation?” said my friend. Answer: My friend, Rashed asked me if I had ever been to Indonesia. I replied in the negative and told him that I had never gone, but I desired to go there. I again told him that though I had had an opportunity to go to Indonesia last month, I couldn’t avail of the opportunity because of my exam. My friend then proposed me that we should go there in that/ the puja vacation. Change the narrative style of the following text. The boy said to the teacher, “Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday”. The teacher said, “I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that you like. “Thank you, Sir,” said the boy. “You are welcome,” said the teacher. Answer: The boy told the teacher with respect that he (b) should be grateful if he (t) kindly lent him (b) the book he (f) had praised highly in the classroom the previous day. The teacher told that he (t) had become really happy to know that he (b) was eager to read that book. He (t) again told that he (b) was welcome to any of his (t) books that he (b) liked. The boy thanked him (t) with respect. He (t) welcomed the boy/ him (b). Change the narrative style of the following text. “Oh boys, please! Please! Stop the cruel fun. Don’t throw stones at us. “Isn’t it a game? We are enjoying it,” said the boys. “What is game to you causes death to us. This is why you should stop this,” answered the old frog. Answer: The old frog frequently requested the boys to stop the cruel fun. He (f) forbade them to throw stones at them (frogs). Then the boys asked the old frog whether it was not a game. They (boys) said that they (boys) were enjoying it. After that, the old frog told them (boys) that what was game to them (boys) caused death to them (frogs), for that reason they (boys) should stop that. Examples- Indirect to Direct Jerry told the listener that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. With disappointment, she told that he had been only four when he had gone there. Being surprised, she asked if he had remembered how she had looked all those years. He said that his mother lived in Mannville. The monster called the great king of the genies and said that he would never again disobey him (G). Hearing those words, the fishermen became brave and told the monster to tell him (f) why he (M) had been locked up in the vase. Then the giant angrily looked at him and told the fishermen to speak to him (M) more politely, otherwise he (M) would kill him (F). The fisherman asked why he would kill him. The old man told his sons to listen to him that a great treasure lied hidden in the land. He added that he was going to leave that to them. The sons wanted to know how they would find it. The old man replied that they must dig the land for it. The Mayor asked the piper if he (p) had killed the rates. The Piper replied in the affirmative that he had. Then he (P) told the Mayor to give him (P) the promised money. The Mayor exclaimed in wonder that it was very funny. He added that they could not give him (P) so much money and told him to take only fifty. I asked Sumon how he (S) was that day. Sumon replied that he(S) was very nervous for the coming examination. I again asked him if he (S) had not taken enough preparation for that. Sumon again replied in the affirmative that he had but he was in a fix and requested that he might read then. I asked Jerry if he had seen his mother. Jerry replied that he saw her every summer and added that she sent for him. I had wanted to cry out and asked why he was you not with her and also asked how she could let him go away again. He said that she went up there from Manville whenever she could and added that she did not have a job then. Addressing Jim as darling Della cried and forbade him to look at her that way. Then she said that she had her hair cut off and sold that because she could not have lived through Christmas without giving him a present. She also said that she just had to do that and told Jim to say Merry Christmas and proposed that they should be happy. The Merchant asked the youth where he(y) was going. The youth replied that he (y) had been coming to see him (m). Again the merchant asked him (y) what he wanted. The youth said that he(y) wanted to earn his (y) bread by the labour of his (y) hands. The merchant again asked the boy if he (Y) really wanted to work. The youth replied in the affirmative that if he (M) had any. Then the merchantordered the youth to follow him (M) and to carry a box from a ship to his (m) house. The youth said that he (Y) did not see how he (Y) could do that. He said that he would pay for it. He further said that he had broken it and had brought the axe down careless. I told him that no one hit accurately every time and added that the fault had been in the wood of the handle. I again told him that I would see the man from whom I had bought it. A boy standing at the door, addressing him as sir asked him if he(B) might come in. Then without waiting for his (S) reply the boy entered the room andrespectfully said that he (B) had come from Palashpur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose. He asked smiling if he had really come from Ajit Bose. He again asked how he was. The boy replied that he was not well and added that he had been suffering from a serious illness for two years. He(S) exclaimed with grief that it was very sad and prayed that God might cure him. The daughter requested her father to kindly go back home soon and said that perhaps he had forgot that that day was her birthday. Father replied in the negative and said that he had not forgot at all and further added that that day he was not going to office. The daughter asked where he was going. Father replied that he was going to buy a gift and birthday cake to celebrate her birthday ceremony. Jumping into a delight, the daughter said that then she would invite her most bosom friends. Father said that she would do it certainly (of course) A cricket player said that cricket is now the most interesting game and further said that though it needs long time, a kind of uncertainty cricket and makes added it more that moreover thrilling. it’s I told a very him complicated that every game has a kind of uncertainty, not only further added that very few people of the world can understand it. The cricket player replied that I was right in some respects but for that I could not say that cricket is bored. Key: ‘You look a little bit like my mother,’ he said ‘especially in the dark by the fire.’ ‘But you were only four Jerry, when you came here. You have remembered how she looked all these years?’ ‘My mother lives in Mannville,’ he said. “Great king of the genies,” called the monster. “I will never disobey you.” Hearing those words, the fisherman became very brave and said, “Tell me why you were locked up in the vase?” The giant angrily looked at the fisherman and said, “Speak to me politely or I shall kill you.” “Why should you kill me?” asked the fisherman. “My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How’ll we find it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it,” said the old man. “Have you killed the rates?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have, said the piper. “Give me the promised money.” “How funny!” said the Mayor, ‘We cannot give you so much money. Take only fifty.’ “How are you today?” I said to Sumon. “I am very nervous for the coming exam,” Sumon replied. “Haven’t you taken enough preparation for this?” I said to him again. “Yes, I have but I am in a fix. Let me read now,” said Sumon. ‘Have you seen your mother, Jerry?’ ‘I see her every summer. She sends for me.’ I wanted to cry out. ‘Why are you not with her? How can she let you go away again?’ He said, ‘She comes up here from Mannville whenever she can. She does not have a job now.’ “Jim darling,” cried Della. “Don’t look at me this way. I had my hair cut off and sold it because I could not have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. I just had to do it, say Merry Christmas, Jim and let’s be happy.” “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “To earn my bread by the labor of my hands.” “Do you really work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any”. Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I can do that,” said the youth. “I’ll pay for it.” he said. “I broke it. I brought the axe down careless.” “But no one hits accurately every time. Jerry, Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I”ll see the man whom I have bought it from,” I told  him.  “May I come in sir?” A boy standing at the door said to him. Then without waiting for his reply the boy entered the room and said, “Sir, I have come from Palaspur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose? How is he?” He said smiling. “He is not well. He has been suffering from a serious illness for two years.” The boy said “How sad it is! May God cure him?” he said. The daughter said to her father, “Please, come back home soon.” “Perhaps you have forgot that today is my birthday.” Father said, “No, I have not forgot at all.” “Today I am not going to office.’ The daughter said, “Where are you going?” Father said, “I’m going to buy a gift and a birthday cake to celebrate’ your birthday ceremony.” Jumping into a delight the daughter said, ‘Then I shall invite my most bosom friends.” Father said, “Of course, you will do it.” A cricket player said, “Cricket is now the most interesting game.” “Though it needs long time, a kind of uncertainty makes it more thrilling.” I said to him. ‘Every game has a kind of uncertainty, not only cricket.” “Moreover it’s a very complicated game.” ‘Very few people of the world can understand it.” The cricket player said, ‘You are right in some respects but for that I cannot say that cricket is bored.’

Rules of changing Passage Narration (Indirect to Direct) The conversion of Indirect to Direct Speech generally presents no special difficulties. Follow all the rules which we learned for changing the Direct to Indirect Speech in reverse for changing Indirect to Direct Speech. Narration change from Indirect to direct speech follows the reverse rules of changing the narration from Direct to Indirect speech.  So, if you attentively learn the rules of narration change from Direct to Indirect, it would be easy to change narration from Indirect to Direct speech. Rule 1 To convert indirect speech to direct speech, we have to add punctuation marks at proper places.  Reported clause of the sentence should be put inside a quotation mark. A comma also have to be added. e.g. Indirect: Ratan said that he was drinking tea. Direct: Ratan said, “I am drinking tea.” Rule 2 In case of changing narration from indirect to direct speech, conjunction such as that, if, whether, should be omitted. e.g. Indirect: Mohit asked if I was okay.  Direct: Mohit  said, “Are you okay?” Here the conjunction ‘if’ is omitted.  Rule 3 While changing indirect to direct speech, the tense of the sentence changes. The tense of the reported clause is restored to the tense in which the original speaker has spoken the words. e.g. Indirect: Priyanka  said that she liked reading books. Direct: Priyanka said, “I like reading books.” Rule 4  In this case, the sentence does not always ends with full stop. While changing indirect to direct speech, the ending punctuation mark depends on the type of sentence. It can be an exclamatory mark in case of exclamatory sentence or a question mark in case of interrogative sentence. e.g. Indirect: Bipasha asked Rakesh what he was doing.  Direct: Bipasha said to Rakesh, “What are you doing?” Indirect: She exclaimed with horror that the sight was very horrible. Direct: She said, “What a horrible sight!” Rule 5 Pronouns, time, place also changes accordingly from indirect to direct. e.g. Indirect: Father told me to go home then. Direct: Father said, “Go home now.” Here ‘then’ changes to ‘now’. Indirect: Rupa said that she read poetry. Direct: Rupa said, “I read poetry.”  ‘She’ pronoun is replaced by ‘I’. ​ Examples: • Indirect: Clinton asked John to go with him. • Direct: Clinton said to John, “Come with me." • Indirect: The stranger asked Alice where he lived. • Direct: The stranger said to Alice, ‘where do you live?’ • Indirect: An old mouse asked who would bell the cat. • Direct: An old mouse said, “Who will bell the cat?" • Indirect: Ram said to his mother that he would be late that night. • Direct: Ram said to his mother, “I will be late today night Follow all the rules which we learned for changing the Direct to Indirect Speech in reverse for changing Indirect to Direct Speech. ​ Examples- Indirect to Direct Jerry told the listener that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. With disappointment, she told that he had been only four when he had gone there. Being surprised, she asked if he had remembered how she had looked all those years. He said that his mother lived in Mannville. The monster called the great king of the genies and said that he would never again disobey him (G). Hearing those words, the fishermen became brave and told the monster to tell him (f) why he (M) had been locked up in the vase. Then the giant angrily looked at him and told the fishermen to speak to him (M) more politely, otherwise he (M) would kill him (F). The fisherman asked why he would kill him. The old man told his sons to listen to him that a great treasure lied hidden in the land. He added that he was going to leave that to them. The sons wanted to know how they would find it. The old man replied that they must dig the land for it. The Mayor asked the piper if he (p) had killed the rates. The Piper replied in the affirmative that he had. Then he (P) told the Mayor to give him (P) the promised money. The Mayor exclaimed in wonder that it was very funny. He added that they could not give him (P) so much money and told him to take only fifty. I asked Sumon how he (S) was that day. Sumon replied that he(S) was very nervous for the coming examination. I again asked him if he (S) had not taken enough preparation for that. Sumon again replied in the affirmative that he had but he was in a fix and requested that he might read then. I asked Jerry if he had seen his mother. Jerry replied that he saw her every summer and added that she sent for him. I had wanted to cry out and asked why he was you not with her and also asked how she could let him go away again. He said that she went up there from Manville whenever she could and added that she did not have a job then. Addressing Jim as darling Della cried and forbade him to look at her that way. Then she said that she had her hair cut off and sold that because she could not have lived through Christmas without giving him a present. She also said that she just had to do that and told Jim to say Merry Christmas and proposed that they should be happy. The Merchant asked the youth where he(y) was going. The youth replied that he (y) had been coming to see him (m). Again the merchant asked him (y) what he wanted. The youth said that he(y) wanted to earn his (y) bread by the labour of his (y) hands. The merchant again asked the boy if he (Y) really wanted to work. The youth replied in the affirmative that if he (M) had any. Then the merchantordered the youth to follow him (M) and to carry a box from a ship to his (m) house. The youth said that he (Y) did not see how he (Y) could do that. He said that he would pay for it. He further said that he had broken it and had brought the axe down careless. I told him that no one hit accurately every time and added that the fault had been in the wood of the handle. I again told him that I would see the man from whom I had bought it. A boy standing at the door, addressing him as sir asked him if he(B) might come in. Then without waiting for his (S) reply the boy entered the room andrespectfully said that he (B) had come from Palashpur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose. He asked smiling if he had really come from Ajit Bose. He again asked how he was. The boy replied that he was not well and added that he had been suffering from a serious illness for two years. He(S) exclaimed with grief that it was very sad and prayed that God might cure him. The daughter requested her father to kindly go back home soon and said that perhaps he had forgot that that day was her birthday. Father replied in the negative and said that he had not forgot at all and further added that that day he was not going to office. The daughter asked where he was going. Father replied that he was going to buy a gift and birthday cake to celebrate her birthday ceremony. Jumping into a delight, the daughter said that then she would invite her most bosom friends. Father said that she would do it certainly (of course) A cricket player said that cricket is now the most interesting game and further said that though it needs long time, a kind of uncertainty cricket and makes added it more that moreover thrilling. it’s I told a very him complicated that every game has a kind of uncertainty, not only further added that very few people of the world can understand it. The cricket player replied that I was right in some respects but for that I could not say that cricket is bored. Key: ‘You look a little bit like my mother,’ he said ‘especially in the dark by the fire.’ ‘But you were only four Jerry, when you came here. You have remembered how she looked all these years?’ ‘My mother lives in Mannville,’ he said. “Great king of the genies,” called the monster. “I will never disobey you.” Hearing those words, the fisherman became very brave and said, “Tell me why you were locked up in the vase?” The giant angrily looked at the fisherman and said, “Speak to me politely or I shall kill you.” “Why should you kill me?” asked the fisherman. “My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How’ll we find it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it,” said the old man. “Have you killed the rates?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have, said the piper. “Give me the promised money.” “How funny!” said the Mayor, ‘We cannot give you so much money. Take only fifty.’ “How are you today?” I said to Sumon. “I am very nervous for the coming exam,” Sumon replied. “Haven’t you taken enough preparation for this?” I said to him again. “Yes, I have but I am in a fix. Let me read now,” said Sumon. ‘Have you seen your mother, Jerry?’ ‘I see her every summer. She sends for me.’ I wanted to cry out. ‘Why are you not with her? How can she let you go away again?’ He said, ‘She comes up here from Mannville whenever she can. She does not have a job now.’ “Jim darling,” cried Della. “Don’t look at me this way. I had my hair cut off and sold it because I could not have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. I just had to do it, say Merry Christmas, Jim and let’s be happy.” “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “To earn my bread by the labor of my hands.” “Do you really work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any”. Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I can do that,” said the youth. “I’ll pay for it.” he said. “I broke it. I brought the axe down careless.” “But no one hits accurately every time. Jerry, Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I”ll see the man whom I have bought it from,” I told  him.  “May I come in sir?” A boy standing at the door said to him. Then without waiting for his reply the boy entered the room and said, “Sir, I have come from Palaspur with a letter from Mr. Ajit Bose? How is he?” He said smiling. “He is not well. He has been suffering from a serious illness for two years.” The boy said “How sad it is! May God cure him?” he said. The daughter said to her father, “Please, come back home soon.” “Perhaps you have forgot that today is my birthday.” Father said, “No, I have not forgot at all.” “Today I am not going to office.’ The daughter said, “Where are you going?” Father said, “I’m going to buy a gift and a birthday cake to celebrate’ your birthday ceremony.” Jumping into a delight the daughter said, ‘Then I shall invite my most bosom friends.” Father said, “Of course, you will do it.” A cricket player said, “Cricket is now the most interesting game.” “Though it needs long time, a kind of uncertainty makes it more thrilling.” I said to him. ‘Every game has a kind of uncertainty, not only cricket.” “Moreover it’s a very complicated game.” ‘Very few people of the world can understand it.” The cricket player said, ‘You are right in some respects but for that I cannot say that cricket is bored.’

Narration Worksheet-5.21 Indirect to Direct Speech Worksheet- 5.21 1. Paul told Peter that he (Paul) had got a job on an oil rig. Peter replied that that it would be very hard work. Paul said that he knew that it would be hard work, but he didn't mind hard work and it would be a good experience. 2. He told the king Ulysses not to go any further. He added that if he (k) did, he would not be able to come back. Ulysses said that he had to go at any cost. He added that he had to free his poor men from the cruel witch. 3. The eldest of the girls asked the person spoken to (Porter) why he did not go. She also asked him if he found his payment too little. Then turning to her sisters, she told her sisters to give him another Dinar. 4. The dealer told the customer that he had one word to say to him. He again told him either to make his purchase or to walk out of his shop. The customer thanked him and said that he was leaving his shop. 5. Kamal asked Rana where he (R) had gone the previous day.' He added that he (K) had gone to his (Ft) house, but had not found him (R). He also asked Rana if there had been any urgent piece of business. 6. The dealer told the customer that he had one word to say to him. He again told him either to make his purchase or to walk out of his shop. The customer thanked him and said that he was leaving his shop. 7. Overhearing their whispers, the Caliph asked the dervishes if they were not of that house, then. They replied in the negative that they had never been in that place before. Pointing to -the porter, the Caliph said that perhaps that man knew the answer. 8. Prince John told him (the person spoken to) that he had fairly won the prize. He (J) added that he would-make that twenty pounds if he (the person) would take service in his (J) body guard. 9. Miss Mebin supposed that they were in some danger. Mrs. Packletide dismissed her idea as nonsense and said that it was a very old tiger. She (P) added that it could not spring up there-even if it wanted to. Miss Mebin commented that if it was an old tiger, she thought she ought to get it cheaper because a thousand rupee was a lot of money. 10. The lion roared how the mouse dared wake him (I) up. He (I) threatened that he (I) would kill him (m) for that. The mouse cried in fear and requested the lion earnestly that he might be allowed to go, He added that he had not meant to wake him up. 11. Peter shouted and told Jack to go in and accordingly Jack and Barbara went in together. Jack asked Peter eagerly if there was anything exciting. Peter replied in the affirmative. He (P) also wanted to know what was about his (J) awful sister. He (P) also asked about the whereabouts of his (J) sister. 12. He asked me what the time by my watch was. I replied that it was half past nine. He said that he wanted to go to college. He also asked me politely if I would .accompany him. I replied regretfully in the negative. 13. Rubin asked her mother if she (ml hadn't prepared tea yet. She added that there was ' no point making tea then because she was getting late for her class and she had to rush off. 14. The merchant asked the youth where he (y) was going. He also asked the youth what he wanted. The youth replied that he wanted to earn his bread by the labour of his hands. Then the merchant asked the youth if he (y) really wanted work. The youth replied in the affirmative and said that he wanted work if there was any. 15. Mrs. Jamil asked Mr. Jamil how long he (Mr. Jamil) would stay away. Mr. Jamil replied that he would stay in Dhaka for a week, but Mr. Siddique wanted him to go to Chittagong as well. Mr. Jamil added that he would spend the first week in Dhaka and second week in Chittagong. 16. The bank officer told Monjur to use that book to put money into his account and to withdraw money. Monjur asked what withdraw meant. The officer replied that it meant take out. Then Monjur thanked the officer. 17. One day Rina asked her mother if she would like to see their school garden. Rehana Salam replied in the affirmative and said that he would. Rina exclaimed with joy that she would then show her (R. S.) everything. 18. Ms. Packletide asked Miss Mebbin what she (m). meant. Miss Mebbin asked how she (p) had shot the goat and frightened the tigs to death. Ms. Packletide replied that no one could believe that. 19. Addressing as good woman, he wanted to know her name. The woman replied that her name was Judeith Gardiner. He also wanted to know her father's name. Expressing her sorrow, the woman said that his name was Rip Van Winkle, but it was twenty years since he had gone away from home and never had been heard of since. She also said whether he had shot himself or had been carried away by the Indians, nobody could tell. She added that she had been but a'fittle girl then. 20. She said to me that she never ate anything for lunch. 'I answered generously not to say that. She again said that she never ate more than one thing. She added that she thought people ate far too much in those days. She also said that a little fish perhaps, _ she wondered if they had any salmon. 21. The eldest of the sisters asked the porter what he was whispering about. Rising to his feet the porter addressed her as mistress and said that his friends desired to know the history of the two black bitches and why she had whipped them and kissed them. 22. Mustafa asked his son, Sayeed why he was so late. Sayeed replied that his friend wouldn't let him come without entertaining him. His father asked him how he (Sayeed's friend) felt about his going away. Sayeed replied that he was very sorry that he had to go. 23. Alexander asked Puru how he would treat him (P). Puru replied bodly that he had to ti at him in the same way one king treats another. Answer Change the narrative style by using direct speeches. 1. "I've got a job on an oil rig," said Paul. "That'll be very hard work," said Peter. "I know it'll be hard work," he replied, "but I don't mind hard work, and it'll be a good experience." 2. "Don't go any further", he said to the King. "If you do, you will not be able to come back." "Go I must, at any cost," said Ulysses, "I must free my poor man from the cruel witch." 3. "Why do you not go?' asked the oldest of the girls. "Do you find your payment too little?" Then turning to her sisters, she said, "Give him another dinar," "You have paid me well enough," replied the porter. 4. "I have just one word to say to you", said-the dealer. "Either make your purchase, or walk out of my shop. "Thank you," said the customer. "I am leaving your shop". 5. Kamal said to Rana, 'Where did you go yesterday? I went to your house, but did not find you. Anyway how are your I am keeping fine," said Rana. "What about you? Why did you come? Was there any urgent piece of business." 6. "I have one word to say to you", said the dealer. "Either make your purchase, or walk out of my shop." "Thank you", said the customer. "I am leaving your shop." 7. Overhearing their whispers, the Caliph said to the dervishes, "Are you not of this house, then?" "No", They replied, 'We have never been in this place before." Perhaps that man there knows the answer." said the Caliph pointing to the porter. 8. "You have fairly won the prize," said Prince John. "I will make it twenty pounds if you will take service in my body guard."' 9. "I suppose we are in some danger" said Miss Mebin. "Nonsense", said Mrs. Packletide. "It is a very old tiger. It could not spring up here, even if it wanted to." "If it is an old tiger, I think you ought to get cheaper. A thousand rupees is a lot of money." 10. "How dare you wake me up?" the lion roared, "I shall kill you for that." "Please, please let me go," the mouce cried. "I did not mean to wake you up." 11. "Come in!" shouted Peter, and in came Jack and Barbara together. "Anything exciting?" asked Jack eagerly. "Yes— quite," answered Peter. "But what about that awful sister of yours, Jack? Is she anywhere about?" 12. "What is the time by your watch?" he said. "Its half past nine," I replied. "I want to go to college," he said, 'Would you accompany me, please?" "No, I am sorry," I said. 13. Rubin said to her mother, 'Haven't you prepared tea-yet? There is no point making tea now. I am getting late for my class. I must rush off." "You always do like this. Can't you get up early and do every thing in the right time?" replied the mother. 14. "Where are you going?" said the merchant. "What do you want?" "To earn my bread by the labour of my hands". "Do you really want work?" said the merchant. "Yes, if you any." 'Then follow me and carry a box from a shop to my house." "I don't see how I can do that", said the youth. 15. "How long, will you be away?" asked Mrs. Jamil. "I shall be away for two weeks", said Mr. Jamil. "I shall stay in Dhaka for a week, but Mr. Siddiqui wants me to go to Chittagong as well. I shall spend the first week in Dhaka and second week in Chittagong." 16. "Use this book to put money into your account and to withdraw money, said the bank officer. "What does "withdraw" mean?" asked Monjur. "It means take out," replied the officer "Thank you", said Manjur. 17. One day Rina told her mother, 'Would you like to see our school garden?" "Yes, I would," Mrs. Rehana Salam replied. "Oh good," exclaimed Rina, "Then I will show you everything." 18. "What do you mean?" asked Mrs. Packletide again. "How you shot-the goat and frightened the tiger to death?" said Miss Mebbin. "No one could believe it", said Mrs. Packletide. 19. "What's your name, my good woman?" asked he. "Judeith Gardiner." 'And your father's name?" "Ah! poor man, Rip Van Winkle was his name; but it's twenty years since he went away from home, and never has been heard of since. Whether he shot himself, or was carried away by the Indians, nobody can tell. I was then but a little girl." 20. "I never eat anything for luncheon," she said. "Oh, don't say that," I answered generously. "I never eat more than one thing," she said. "I think people eat far too much now a days. A little fish, perhaps, I wonder if they have any salmon." 21. "What are you whispering about?" said the eldest of the sisters. "Mistress", said the porter„ rising to his feet, "my friends desire to know the history of the two black bitches and why you whipped them and kissed them." 22. Mustafa said to his son, Sayeed, "Why are you so late? "My friend wouldn't let me come without entertaining me, "replied Sayeed. "How does he feel about your going away?" "He's very sorry that I have to go", said Sayeed. 24. "How shall I treat you?" Alexander asked Puru. "You must treat me in the same way as one king treats another", replied Puru boldly. Indirect to Direct Indirect to Direct Speech Worksheet-5.22 1. The mistress of the house told the porter laughing that he might go and added that he had gained his freedom. Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that house until he had heard the stories of his companions. 2. The noble man asked Sheikh saadi respectfully why he (S) was putting up the food in his (S) pocket. Sheikh saadi replied that he was doing the right thing and he added that his dressdeserved the rich dishes. The noble man requested Sheikh saadi to tell him clearly what he (S) meant to say. 3. Shabab asked Labib if he ever been to Cox’s Bazer. Labib replied in the negative that he(L) had never gone there. But he added that he desired for visiting the place. Shabab said that he hadan opportunity to visit sea beach the previous year. He proposed that they should go there that week. 4.  Roka told me that she had gone to Bogra that afternoon. She added that she had sent me a message before starting from home. She asked me if I had received it in time. I replied in the negative that I had not received it. 5. The man respectfully the manager if he might go in. The manager replied in the affirmative and told him to go in. He also asked him what he wanted. The man replied him (MR) that he wanted to open a bank account. At last he asked him (MR) if he could tell him the process of opening a saving account. 6. The traveller asked the peasant if he (P) could tell him (T) the way to the nearest inn. The peasant replied in the affirmative and asked him if he (T) wanted one in which he (T) could spend the night. The traveller replied in the negative that he only wanted a meal. 7.  I asked the passer-by what he was seeing then. He said that he was seeing the people running here and there. I exclaimed with joy that they were very happy. Further I wished that God might help them. Then I told that I might be allowed to enjoy that. 8.  The teacher asked the student if he had prepared his lesson that day. He (S) respectfully replied that he had not. The teacher again asked why he had not prepared his lesson. The student replied that he had been suffering from headache the previous day. He (S) added that he would do his work the next day. 9. I asked the old man what he was doing. He replied that he was watching the boys swimming in the pond. He also exclaimed that they were very happy. He again prayed that Allah might bless them. I requested the old man to let me sit by him and enjoy the scene. 10. The old man told his sons to listen to him and added that a great treasure lay hidden in the land. He further added that he was going to leave it to them. The sons asked him how they wouldfind it. The old man replied that they had to dig the land for it. Indirect to Direct Speech Worksheet-5.22 Answer: 1. “Porter, you may go,” said the mistress of the house laughing. “You have gained your freedom.” “By Allah,” he replied, I will not leave this house until I have heard the stories of my companions.” 2. “Why you are putting up the food in your pocket, Sir?” asked the noble man. “I am doing the right thing. My dress deserves the rich dishes,” replied Sheikh Saadi. “Please tell me clearly what you mean to say?” said the noble man 3. “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?”asked Shabab. “No, I have never gone there,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea beach last year,” said Shabab. “Let us go there this week.” 4. “I came to Bogra this afternoon. I sent you a massage before starting from home” Roka said” Did you receive it in time? she asked  “No, I did not receive” I replied 5. The man said to the manager “May I come in, Sir?” “Yes, come in. “What do you want?” said the manager. “I want to open a bank account in your bank,” said the man. “Can you tell me the process of opening a savings account?” 6. The traveller said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn?” Yes “said the peasant.” Do you want one in which you can spend the night?” “No,” replied the traveller.” I only want a meal.” 7.  I said the passer- by, “What are you seeing now?” “I am seeing the people running here and there” he said. “How happy they are! May God help them. Let me enjoy this.”I said 8.  The teacher said to the Student, “Have you prepared your lesson today?’’“No, Sir,’’ replied the student. The teacher said, “Why?’’ “I was suffering from headache. I shall do my work tomorrow,’’ replied the student. 9.  I said to old man, “What are you doing?” “I am watching the boys swimming in the pond,” he said. “How happy they are! May Allah bless them.” “Let me sit by you and enjoy the scene.” I said. 10. “My sons listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How’ll we find it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it” said the old man.

Narration Worksheet 1.1 Assertive Sentence Rule 1:  If the Reported Speech is  Universal Truth  /  Scientific Truth  /  Natural Truth  /  Habitual Truth  /  Factual Truth , we don’t make any change in the Reported Speech rather we change the person only. The teacher said, “God is one.” The teacher said that God is one.  (Universal Truth)   He said, “Fire burns.” He said that fire burns.  ( Scientific Truth ) Nancy said, “It is hot in the summer.” Nancy said that it is hot in the summer.  ( Natural Truth ) The teacher said, “Physical exercise is good for health.” The teacher said that physical exercise is good for health.  ( Habitual Truth ) Mamun said, “Farah is my cousin.” Mamun said that Farah is his cousin.  (Factual Truth) Rule 2:  If the Reporting Verb is in  the Present Tense  /  the Future Tense  /  the Present Perfect Tense , they don’t undergo any change. Borney  says or will say , “I am right.” Borney  says or will say  that she is right. Kona  has said to me, “ I  have just taken my breakfast.”  (First Person) Kona has told me that she has just taken her breakfast.  (Here we changed the persons only.) He said to  me , “ You  are a liar.”  (Second Person) He told me that I was a liar. Note :   ‘Said to’  is changed into  ‘told’  but  ‘said’  remains unchanged. Note :   ‘First Person’  in the Reported Speech indicates the  ‘Subject’  of the Reporting Verb and the  ‘Second Person’  in the Reported Speech indicates the  ‘Object’ of the Reporting Verb. Rule 3:  Sometimes, introductory portion of the Reported Speech may remain absent. In such a situation, we should guess the possible speaker. “I shall do my duty.” He says or will say that he will do his duty. He said that he would do his duty. Note :  ‘ Reporting Verb’  is not always more than one. Note : Subjective Case  converted into  Subjective Case ,  Possessive Case  changed into  Possessive One  and  Objective Case  transformed into  Objective One .  Rule 4:  Sometimes, the Reporting Verb is mentioned after the Reported Speech and it is possible.     “I am happy now.” – said Nancy. Nancy said that she was happy then. Note :  When we change any Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, it becomes  an   Assertive Sentence . No matter, whether it is an Assertive Sentence or Optative Sentence or Imperative Sentence or Exclamatory Sentence or Interrogative Sentence. Rule 5:   ‘Yes’  – replied in the affirmative,  ‘No’ - replied in the negative,  ‘Please’  - kindly and  ‘Sir’ / ‘Madam’  – politely / respectfully / with respect. The student said to me, “I am sorry,  Sir .” The student told me  politely  that he was sorry. “ Yes ,  sir ,” the student replied. I have done my duty.” The student  respectfully   replied in the affirmative  that he had done his duty. The students said to the teacher, “Please, explain the matter again, Sir.” The students requested the teacher politely to explain the matter again. Rule 6:  If there are two or more than two Past Tenses in the Direct Speech, they do not undergo any change but we only change the persons. George said, “I came home, took bath and ate my meal.” George said that he came home, took bath and ate his meal. Rule 7:  Students often change ‘ it ’ into ‘ that ’ but that is wrong. It remains unchanged in the Indirect Speech. He said to me, “I know it well.” He told me that he knew it well. Rule 8:  Changes in the tag questions: He said to me, “You are going to the playground, aren’t you? He asked me whether it was true that I was going to the playground. Rule 9:  All 3rd Person Pronouns will remain unchanged.  He said, “She is busy with her toy” He said that she was busy with her toy. Rule 10:  ‘ So’  = that is why, ‘ But’  = with dissatisfaction He said to me, “I am unwell.  So  I shall not go to school.” He told me that he was unwell and  that is why  he would not go to school. The boy said, “I have come to chop your wood. “ But  you are too small to chop wood,” said the woman. The boy said that he had come to chop her wood.  With dissatisfaction ,  the woman told him that he was too small to chop the wood. Rule 11:  Assertive Sentence with question mark: ( Use ‘ Being surprised ’ with the reporting verb and follow the rules of doing interrogative sentence .) He said to me “You are angry with me?” Being surprised he asked me if I was angry with him. Rule 12:  Well, you see ( if used with in inverted comma ) Omit them and do in general way. The teacher said, “Well  Raven , I shall reward you.” The teacher told Raven that he would reward him. Note : ‘Vocative Case’  in the Reported Speech becomes the  ‘Object’  of the Reporting Verb in the Indirect Speech.   Rule  13: If we find any Complex Sentence in the Direct Speech, we may change one Clause or both the Clauses in the Indirect Speech. Mita said to me, “ You were my good friend when you were a student of Saint Joseph ”  ( Complex Sentence ) Mita told me I had been her good friend when I had been a student of Saint Joseph. He said to Ratul, “ You were a mere a boy when I saw you last .”  (Complex Sentence) He told Ratul he had been a mere boy when he had seen him last. Rule 14:  When we report something that is still true: Emma said, “ People in Africa are starving .”  (The fact is still true.) Emma said that people in Africa are starving. Unreal Past Tense Rule 15:  Unreal Past Tense after  ‘wish’, ‘would rather / sooner’, ‘had better’, ‘used to’, ‘ought to’, ‘would’, ‘could’, ‘might’,   ‘must not’, ‘need not’  and ‘ it is time’  don’t change rather we change the person in the Indirect Speech. “We wish we did not have to take exams”, said the children. The children said  they wished  they did not have to take exams. “It is time we began planning our holidays”, he said. He said that  it was time  they began planning their holidays.  They ought to widen this road”, I said.  I said that they ought to widen the road. He explained, “I know the place well because I used to live here.” He explained that he knew the place well because he used to live there. She said to her hubby, “You had better take warm water for gurgling.” She told her bubby that he had better take warm water for gurgling. He said, “You must not tell anyone.” He said that she must not tell anyone. (Alternatively): He told her not to tell anyone.  He said, “You needn’t wait.” He said that I needn’t wait. He said to me, “I used to meet him in the afternoon.” He told me that he used to meet him in the afternoon.  ( With that ) He told me he used to meet him in the afternoon. ( Without that ) Rule 16:  The  2nd  and the  3rd  Conditional Sentences remain unchanged rather we change the persons.  “If I had a permit, I could get a job”, he said.  He said that if he had a permit, he could get a job.  (The 2nd Conditional Sentence) “If she had loved Wilson”, he said, “She would not have left him.” He said that if she had loved Wilson, she would not have left him.  (The 3rd Conditional Sentence) Rule 17:  When there is uncertainty as to the particular person to whom the pronoun in the Indirect Speech refers, the name of the person should be mentioned in the brackets. He said to the Ram, “You are wrong.” He told Ram that he  (Ram)  was wrong Harry sait to Jatin, “You will pass.” Harry told Jatin that he  (Jatin)  would pass. Change the following direct speech into indirect Shila said to Nila, “He took part in the function yesterday.” She said to her mother, “I dreamt a bed dream last night.” He said to me, “I caught a big fish yesterday.” Karim said to Rahim, “I drew a nice picture.” Shakil said, “I came home, took bath and ate my meal.” I said to him, “I met Raihan on my way to school.” He said, “The train reached at nine.” Anwar said to me, “The parrot died last night.” They said, “We did our duty.” Sammi whispered to me, “I am just behind you.” Pria said to Dina, “I’ll follow you.” Sumon said, “I have a new bicycle now.” Arif said, “This is the way to solve it.” Aminul said, “I have lost my keys.” Julia said, “I get up early in the morning everyday.” They said to us, “We shall do it any cost.” Sonia said, “They make me to do so.” Ripon said to Sagor, “You let me to come.” Sipon said to me, “I dare say you so.” He said to his father, “I am preparing my lesson.” They said, God will save us.” She said to me, “I was ill” He said, “I was absent yesterday.” Imran said to me, “I was ill.” The student said, “We were reading books.” He said to me, “I was eating rice.” Zihad said to me, “I was awarded with first prize.” Alam said to Shuvo, “I was suffering from fever.” He said to me, “I was a student of Bogra zilla School.” Rasu said, “I did not do the work yesterday.” Rahim says, “I did not play as I was sick.” Hasan said, “I lived many years in Dhaka.” Rahim said, “I wrote a letter.” I said to him, “I bought a book for you.” He says, “Her father bought a big house.” He said to me, “I bought a gift for you.” The man said, “I finished the work.” He said, “I saw her yesterday.” Salma said to me, “I saw you long ago.” The students said, “Our team won the game.” They said to me, “We went to college yesterday.” He said to me, “I went to my village yesterday.” She said to me, “I went to market and bought some books.” He said to me, “I went there.” He said to me, “I meet him last night.”         Narration Worksheet 1.1 Answer Assertive sentence                Indirect Speech Shila told Nila that he had taken part in the function the previous day. She told her mother that she had dreamt a bad dream the previous day. He told me that he had caught a big fish the previous day. Karim told Rahim that he had drawn a nice picture. Shakil said that he came home took bath and ate his meal. I told him that I had met Raihan on my way to school. He said that the train had reached at nine. Anwar told me that the parrot had died the previous day. They said that they haddone their duty. Sammi whispered me that he was just behind me. Pria told Dina that she would follow her. Sumon said that he had a new bicycle then. Arif told that it was the way to solve it. Aminul said that he hadlost her keys. Julia said that she gets upearly in the morning everyday. They told us that they would do it at any cost. They said that they made her to do so. Ripon told Sagor that he lethim to come. Sipon told me that he daredto say me so. He told his father that he was preparing his lesson. They said that God would save them. She told me that she had been ill. He said that he had beenabsent the previous day. Imran told me that he had been ill. The students said that they had been reading books. He told me that he had been eating rice. Zihad told me that I had been awarded with first prize. Alam told Shuvo that hehad been suffering from fever. He told me that he had been a student of Bogra zilla School. Rasu said that he had nothe had not done the work the previous day. Rahim says that he did not play as I was sick. Hasan said that he had lived many years in Dhaka. Rahim said that he had written a letter. I told him that I had bought a book for him. He says that her father bought a big house. He told me that he had bought a gift for me. The man said that he had finished the work. He said that he had seen her the previous day. Salma told me that she had seen me long ago. The students said that their team had won the game. They told me that they had gone to college the previous day. He told me that he had gone to his village the previous day. She told me that she had gone to market and bought some books. He told me that he had gone there. He told me that he had met him the night before.

Imperative Sentence We use  tell, beg, implore  (to ask sb to do sth in an anxious way because you want or need it very much) ,  entreat  ( formal) : to ask sb to do sth in a serious and often emotional way) ,  encourage, forbid, recommend, remind, urge, warn, ask ,  told  and the rest in the place of ‘ said ’ or ‘ said to ’ in the Indirect Speech in the sentence. Rule 1:  We use the Infinitive ( to + verb present form ) The teacher said to his boys, “Do it at once.” The teacher advised his boys  to do  it at once.  (The Infinitive) Khona said to her teacher, “Grant me my prayer, Sir.” Khona politely requested her teacher  to grant  her prayer. He said, “Lie down, Tom.”   He told Tom  to lie  down. She said, “You had better hurry, Bill.” She advised Bill  to hurry . He said to his friends, “Please wait for me till I return.” He requested his friend kindly  to wait  for him till he returned. Rule 2:  If the Reported Speech starts with  ‘ Do not / Never ’ , we use  ‘ not to + verb ’  in the Indirect Speech in the time of leaving out the comma quotations. My father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.” My father advised me  not to run  in the sun. My father forbade me to run in the sun.   My teacher said, “Never tell a lie.” My teacher advised me  not to tell  a lie. Rule 3:  The Modals  must, would  and  could  are not normally changed in the Indirect Speech. You should also note that some sentences with  would  and  could  are Interrogative in form but Imperative in nature. He said to me, “You must leave the place.” He told me I must leave the place.  (Assertive Sentence) He said to me, “Would you help me to do the sum?” He requested me to help him to do the sum.  (Imperative Sentence) I said to her, “Could you give me a cup of tea?”                                 I requested her to give me a cup of tea.   (Imperative Sentence)      Rule 4:  Calling in the name of person  (The name will be added as object of reporting verb) He said, “Raven, don’t misbehave with anyone.” He advised Raven not to misbehave with anyone. Rule 5:  Calling in the name of relations The student said, “Sir, please forgive me.”  (Addressing as brother/sister/friend/sir) Addressing as sir the student requested kindly to forgive him. Rule 6:  By Allah/by God/by Jove/by my love/by my life  ( Swearing by Allah/God/Jove/Life/Love ) “By Allah,” she replied, “I will not forget you.” Swearing by Allah, she replied that she would not forget me. Rule 7:  Imperative sentence with tag question He told me, “Shut the door, will you?”  (Tag question will be omitted and rules of imperative sentence will be followed.) He asked/requested me to shut the door. Rule   8:  When  ‘let’  denotes a proposal, the Reporting Verb should be changed in to  ‘propose’  or  ‘suggest’  and  ‘let’  be replaced by  ‘should’ . Borney said, “Let’s have a walk.” Borney proposed that we should have a walk. He said to me, “Let’s go home.” He suggested to me that we should go home. Rule 9 : But when ‘ Let ’ does not express a proposal, the Reporting Verb does not change, only ‘ let ’ is changed into ‘ may ’ or ‘ might ’ or ‘ might be allowed ’ or any other verb as per the relevant meaning. He said, “Let me have a glass of milk.” He wished that he might have a class of milk. Rule 10:  It is often safer for the students to use ‘ tell ’ in the Indirect Speech, when there be any doubt about the proper word to introduce the Reported Speech. I said to him angrily, “Leave me alone.” I told him angrily to leave me alone.  Narration Worksheet 1.1 Imperative Sentence Direct Speech Father said to his son, “Go to school now.” Father said to me, “Go to school now.” Father said to me, “Do the work at once.” The piper said to the mayor, “Give me promised money.” The teacher said to the student, “Be attentive and listen to my lecture.” Father said to his son, “Learn to be holiest from your boyhood.” The man said to me, “Obey your parents.” The teacher said to the student, “Leave the room and do not return again today.” The teacher said to the students, “Pen through the sentence.” Mother said to me, “Always speak the truth.” My brother said to me, “Go to school now or you will be punished.” Mother said to me, “Respect your teacher.” The teacher said to the students, “Learn your lesson regularly.” Mother said to his daughter, “Always speak the truth.” The teacher said to the students, “Take care of your health.” I said to him,” Please tell me the way of hospital. Father said to his son, “Go to school now.” The teacher said, “Read attentively.” The passer-by said to me, “Brother, please help me.” The mother said to his son, “Call in a doctor.” Ruplal’s mother said to him, “Accept your responsibility.” The tourist said to the receptionist, “Please give me a vacant room.” The doctor said to the patient, “Don’t take tea for some days.” Dolon said to Lucky, “Stop excessive eating.” The boy said to the teacher, “Please, lend me your book.” My mother said to me, “Be polite to the elders, my child.” The officer said to the workers “Leave the room at once.” He said to his friends, “Please wait for me till I return.” Father said tome, “Obey your teachers.” Father said to me, “Go to bed at once.” Nipa said to Dipa, “Please give me your story book.” He said to me, “Learn your lesson regularly.” He said to me, “Give me a book.” He said to me, “Please excuse me.” I said to my teacher, “Please help me in doing the sum.” The teacher said to the student, “Go out of the classroom.” Father said to his son, “Follow what your teachers say.” Sharmin told Salma, “Do have a cup of tea.” Rafia said to her, “Do come tomorrow” Farzana said to Sadia, “You had better see a doctor.” The doctor, “You had better not work hard.” The girl said to her mother, “Do worry for me.” The teacher said to the students, “Do not tell a lie.” He said to the boys, “Don’t make a noise in here.” Father said to me, “Do not waste your time.” The teacher said to me,” Don’t elaborate your answer unnecessarily.” Father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.” I said to him, “Don’t be silly.” Father said to his son, “Don’t quarrel.” Father said to me, “Never tell a lie.” Teacher said to him, “Don’t waste your time.” Father said me, “Do not look down upon the poor.” Father said to me, “Never go there.” The teacher said to the students, “Don’t leave anything for tomorrow.” Silvia said to Shila, Don’t peak so loudly.” Mother said to the children “Do not go to the river.” Father said to me, “Don’t go there.” Father said to his son, “Don’t quarrel.” The old man said to the boy, “Do not waste your time.” They said to me, “Let us decide the matter ourselves”. Anwar told Kashem, “Let’s go and see.” The visitors said to us, “let’s have a walk by the river side.” Rahim said to me, “Let us go to arrange a picnic.” They said to us, “Let us discuss the matter ourselves.” The teacher said to the student, “Let us discuss about gardening.” Kamal said to his friends, “Let us inform it to our class teacher.” The teacher said to the student, “Let’s try to solve the problem.” Luna said to her friend, “Let us have a picnic on Sunday.” Tamal said to me, “Let us settle the matter now.” They said to us, “Let us go out for a walk.” The captain said, “Let us show respect to the freedom fighters.” He said to me, “Let’s finish reading the last part of this book.” The boy said to me, “Let us have a visit to Ram Sagar.” The six blind said, “Let us go and find out?” The chairman said, “Let us settle the dispute.” They said to him, “Let us play football today.” He said to me, “Let us go there.” Rimi said to Shila, “Let’s go for a walk in the open field.” Salma said to her brother, “Let us return the bag to its owner.” Dolon said to Rajon, “Let us paint the house.” The boy said to his mates, “Let us go to the theatre.” We said to them, “Let us built the dam.” My friend said to me, “Let us go to the sea shore.” He said, “Let us drop at here.” The boy said to him, “Let us be friends again.”                                                                                                 Kamal said to his friends, “Let us not miss the chance.” They said to us, “Let us decide the matter ourselves.” He said, “Let us start the work without any delay.” Tanima said to Adiba, “Let’s finish reading the last part of this book.” Reza said to his friend, “Let us make a picnic.” Nipu said to her mother, “Let us go home now.” Farhana said to Rina, “Let us sing together.” Sumyia said to Abeda, “Let us wait here till the rain stops.” Foysal said to Menaz, “Let us learn our lessons.” Tareq said to me, “Let us enjoy the play tonight.” The beggar said to me, “Let me have a meal.” The beggar said to me, “Let me have a cup of rice.” Kamal said to Mrs. Ali, “Mother, Let me have a cup of tea.” You said to me, “Let me come in.” The beggar said to me, “Let me have a meal.” ​ ​ ​ Narration Worksheet 1.3 Answer Imperative Sentence  Indirect Speech Father ordered his son to go to school then. Father ordered me to go to school then. Father ordered me to do work at once. The piper requested the mayor to give him promised money. The teacher advised the students to be attentive and listen to his lecture. Father advised his son to learn to be honest from his (boy) boyhood. The man advised me to obey his parents. The teacher ordered the student to leave the room and not to return againthat day. The teacher advised the students to pen through the sentence. Mother advised me toalways speak the truth. My brother told me to go to school then or I would be punished. Mother advised me torespect my teachers. The teacher advised the students to learn their lesson regularly. Mother advised her daughter to always speak the truth. The teacher advised the students to take care of their health. I requested him to tell him the way of hospital. Father ordered his son to go to school then. The teacher advised the person spoken to read attentively. The passer-by addressed me as brother and requested me to kindly help him. The mother told her son to call in a doctor. Ruplal’s mother told him to accept his responsibility. The tourist requested the receptionist to give him a vacant room. The doctor advised the patient not to take tea for some days. Dolon told Lucky to stop excessive eating. The boy requested the teacher to lend him his book. Addressing me as her child my mother advised me to be polite to the elders. The officer ordered to the worker to leave the room at once. He requested his friends to wait for him till he returned. My father advised me to obey my teachers. Father ordered me to go to bed at once. Nipa entreated Dipa to give her (Nipa) her(Dipa’s) story book. He advised me to learn my lesson regularly. He told me to give him a book. He requested me to excuse him. I requested my teacher to help me in doing the sum. The teacher told the student to go out of the classroom. Father told his son to follow what his teacher said. Sharmin requested Salma to have a cup of tea. Rafia asked her to come the next day. Farzana advised Sadia to see a doctor. The doctor advised me not to work hard. The girl told her mother not to worry for her. The teacher advised the students not to tell a lie. He ordered the boys not to make a noise there. Father advised me not to waste my time. The teacher advised me not to elaborate my answers unnecessarily. Father advised me not to run in the sun. I requested him not to be silly. Father advised his son not to quarrel. Father advised me not to tell a lie. Teacher advised him not to waste his time. Father advised me not to look down  upon the poor. Father advised me not to go there. The teacher advised the students not to leave anything for the next day. Silvia told Shila not to speak so loudly. Mother forbade the children to go the river. Father forbade me/told me not to go there. Father advised his son not to quarrel. The old man advised the boy not to waste their time. They proposed to me that we should decide the matter themselves. Anwar proposed to Kashem that they should go and see. The visitors proposed to us that we should have a walk by the riverside. Rahim proposed to me that we should go to arrange a picnic. They proposed to us that we should discuss the matter ourselves. The teacher proposed to the student that they should discuss about gardening. Kamal proposed to his friends that we should inform it to our class teacher. The teacher proposed to the student that they should try to solve the problem. Luna proposed to her friends that they should have a picnic on Sunday. Tamal proposed to me that we should settle the matter then. They proposed to us that we should go out for a walk. The captain proposed that they should show respect to the freedom fighters. He proposed to me that we should finish reading the last part of that book. The boy proposed to me that we should have a visit to Ram Sagar. The six blind men proposed that they should go and find out. The chairman proposed that they should settle the dispute. They proposed to him that they should play football that day. He proposed to me that we should go there. Rimi proposed to Shila that they should go for a walk in the open field. Salma proposed to her brother that they should return the bag to its owner. Dolon proposed to Rajon that they should paint the house. The boy proposed to his matesthat they should go to the theatre. We proposed to them that we should built the dam. My friend proposed to me that we should go to the sea shore. He proposed to that we should drop at there. The boy proposed to him that they should be friend again. Kamal suggested his friends that they should not miss that chance. They suggested to us that we should decide the matter ourselves. He proposed that they shouldstart the work without any delay. Tanima told Abidathat they should finish reading the last part ofthat book. Reza proposed to his friend that they should make a picnic. Nipu proposedto herthat they should go home then. Farhana proposed to Ria that they should sing together. Sumyia proposed to Abedathat they should wait here till the rains stops. Foysal proposed to Menazthat they should learn their lessons. Tareq proposed to me that we should enjoy the play that night. The beggar told that he might be allowed to have a meal. The beggar told that he might be allowed to have a cup of rice. Kamal told  his mother, Mrs. Ali that he might be allowed to come in. The beggar requested me to let him have a meal.

Optative Sentence We use ‘ wish ’ or ‘ pray ’ in the Optative Sentence in the place of ‘ said to ’ or ‘ said ’. My grandfather said, “May you live long.” My grandfather wished that I might live long.  The teacher said to the boy, “God bless you.”  (Optative Sentence without  May ) The teacher prayed for the boy that God might bless him. He said, “Would that I were here.” He wished that he had been there. They said,” O that! We had won the match.” They wished that they had won the match. Note :   “ Would that ” and “ O that ” are removed in the Indirect Speech. Narration Worksheet 1.4 Optative Sentence My mother said, “May God bless you.” The mother said to her son, “May you succeed in the examination.” He told me, “May you long live.” Father said to me, “May you pass the exam.” He told me, “Good morning.” She told me, “Good evening.” I said to him, "Good-bye." The teacher said to me, "May you shine in life." The man said to the old man, “May you live a longer life.” The priest said, “May the god bless you.” She said to me, “Wish you a happy life ahead.” Mother said, “May my son recover soon.” His friend said to him, “may you find success in life.” I said to my brother, “May you pass the exam.” The monk said, “May you find your path in life.” The villagers said to the volunteers, “May you be rewarded for your good works.” She said to him, “Wish you were here.” He said, “May the truth triumph against all odds.” He said to me, "May you live long !" She said, "May your enemy go to hell !" Seema said to me, "May God bless you with children !" He said to her, "Good bye, my sister !" My friend said to me, "Good morning, I am happy to see you !" The son said, "Good night, Mom !" The lady said, “Good morning, gentlemen.” The boy said, “Good bye, mother”. The children said to him, “Good evening, Sir.” John said, “Good bye, friends, I shall take leave of you now.” She said,"May you succeed in the examination!" He said," May God bless you with success!" The beggar said to him,"May you prosper in your business!" The old lady said to her," May you live long!" People said," Long live our Prime Minister!" The Priest said to the lady,"May God bless you with a lovely son!" She said to him."May you progress and prosper in life!" She said to him."May you progress and prosper in life, my son!" Mother said to me, "May you prosper in life." The old man said to me, "May God bless you." The followers said, "Long live our leader." The girl said, "Could I but get the wings of bird." I said to my friend, "May your father recover soon." The boy said, "Oh, if I could get the first prize." Nita said to teacher, "Good morning, Sir." Rahul said to me, "Would that you were with us in the picnic." He said, "O, for a cup of tea" The leader said, "Long live democracy." Teacher said to me," May you get success in life !" She said to her neighbour," May you die soon!" My friend said, " May God help you !" I said to her," You be happy in your life !" The subject said," Long live the king !" The Prime Minister said," Long live our Democracy!" People said," God save the nation!" I said," Her soul live in peace !" ​ ​ ​ Narration Worksheet 1.4 Answer Optative Sentence My mother prayed that God might bless me. The mother wished (prayed) that her son might succeed in the examination. OR: The mother wished (prayed for) her son's success in the examination. He prayed that I might long live. Father prayed that I might pass the exam. He wished me good morning. Indirect: She bade me good evening. I bade him good-bye. The teacher wished that I might shine in life.  The man wished that the old man might live a longer live. The priest prayed that the god might bless him/her. She wished me a happy life ahead. Mother wished that her son might recover soon. His friend wished that he might find success in life. I wished that my brother might pass the exam. The monk wished that he/she might find his/her path in life. The villagers wished that the volunteers might be rewarded for their good works. She wished that he was there. He wished that the truth might triumph against all odds. He wished that I might live long. She cursed that my enemy might go to hell. Seema prayed that God might bless me with children. He bade good bye to his sister. Or He bade his sister good bye. 23. My friend wished good morning to me and said that he was happy to see me. The son bade good night to his Mom. The lady wished the gentlemen good morning. The boy bade his mother good bye. The children respectfully wished him good evening. John bade his friends good bye and told them that he would take leave of them then. She prayed that I might succeed in the examination. He prayed that God might bless me with success. The beggar prayed that he might prosper in his business. The old lady prayed that she might live long. People prayed that their Prime Minister might live long. The Priest prayed that God might bless the lady with a lovely son. She prayed that he might progress and prosper in life. She called him her son and prayed that he might prosper in his life. OR She prayed that her son might prosper in his life. Mother wished me that I might prosper in life. The old man prayed that God might bless me. The followers wished that their leader might live long. The girl wished that she could but get the wings of bird. I wished my friend that his father might recover soon. The boy wished that he could get the first prize. Nita respectfully wished/greeted her teacher good morning. Rahul wished that I had been with them in the picnic. He wished for a cup of tea. The leader wished that democracy might live long. Teacher wished that I might get success in life. She cursed her neighbour  that he/she might die soon. My friend prayed that God might help me. I wished her that she might be happy in her life. The subject prayed that the king might live long. The Prime Minister wished that their democracy might live long. People prayed that God might save the nation. I prayed that her soul might live in peace.

Exclamatory Sentence (!) We use hurrah - exclaim with joy, alas - exclaim with sorrow, fie - exclaim with shame, wow - exclaimed with wonder/surprise, cry out, ‘wish’ or ‘pray’ in the place of ‘ said ’ / ‘ said to ’ The boy said, “What a piece of good news it is!” The boy exclaimed with joy that it was a piece of very good news. She said, “Had I the wings of a bird!” She strongly wished that she had the wings of a bird. Farhad said, “Good-bye, my friends!” Farhad said good-bye to his friends. Farhad bade his friends good-bye. The poor boy cried, “Alas! I am undone.” The poor boy exclaimed with sorrow that he was done. The maidservant said, “By Allah! I know nothing about the stolen purse.” The maidservant swore by Allah that she knew nothing about the stolen purse. I said to them,” Bravo! You played very well.” I applauded them that they had played very well. ( Bravo – applauded ) My friend said to me, “Thanks! / Congratulations!” My friend thanked/congratulated me. The girl said, “Help! Help!”- The girl cried out for help.      Note :  When you are trying to change any Direct Speech into an Indirect One, you must  remember some tips necessary. They are:  First : Try to identify the Sentence in the Reported Speech. Secondly : Try to identify the Tense in the Reported Speech and the Reporting Verb Thirdly : You must change the Persons in the Reported Speech. Fourthly : You must change the Time / Place Adverbs in the Reported Speech.  Narration Worksheet 1.1 Exclamatory Sentence ​ The man said, "What a fool I am!" The boy said, "What a terrible storm it is! He said, "Alas! How worthless I am." The boy said, "Hurrah! My father has come." I said to you, "How obliged are you to me!" The teacher said to him, "How funny you are!" ‘Wow! What a handsome man he is!’ the girls said. Ram said, ‘How hot the soup is!’ You told, “What a happy news.” They said to us, “How obliged are we to you?” Della said, “Alas! I am undone.” The players said, “Hurrah! We have won the game.” The old man said, ” Wire I a President.” He said, ” How fine the book is!” He said, ” What a fool I am!” The players said, “Hurray! We have owned the match.” He said, How happy I am!” He exclaimed with joy that he was very happy. They said, “Alas! Our beloved leader is no more.” The little girl said, “What a beautiful scenery it is!” The captain said to his players, “Bravo! You have played very well.” The boy said, “Alas! I am undone.” He said, “Alas! I am ruined.” He said, “How glad I am!” The children said, “Hurrah! We have got the prize.” The king said, “Alas! Our enemies are too strong.” He said to me, "What a nice flower it is!" The students said, "Hurrah! We have won the match." I said to my friend, "What a tragic accident it was." Kamal said to me, "Alas!He is no more in the world." You said to me, "How peculiar the boy is!" He said, "Wow! It is tremendous." He said to me, "What a fool he is!" "Pooh",said the teacher, "How dirty the dress is!" He said, "Hurrah! I have stood first in the exam." "Congratulations", said I. The woman said, "Help!Help!" He said, "Alas! How foolish is your acting." Looking at the Victoria Memorial, the foreigner said, "What an exquisitely beautiful creation!" The coach said to the players, "Bravo! You have played very well." The old man said to me, "Good-bye, my friends!" He said, "By God! What a good painting." Robinbabu said, "What a pity, you could not succeed in spite of great efforts!" The boys said, "How happy we are here!" Boys said, " Hurrah ! we have won the match." We said, " Hurrah ! we have won the match." The mother said," Hurrah ! My son, You have qualified the examination ." The captain said ," Hurrah! My boys, you have won the match."  The captain said, "Hurrah ! My boys have won the match. " The players said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.” The captain said, “Alas! I have lost the game.” The captain said, " Alas! My boys, we have lost the match." The captain said, " Alas! My boys have lost the match." She said, “What a lovely rose !” The teacher said to him, “What a nice fellow you are!” The crane said, “Fox, how clever you are!” She said, “What a pretty the child is !” The captain said, “Bravo! You have done well, boys.” She said, “Pooh! What a clumsy fellow he is.” ​ ​ ​ Narration Worksheet 1.1 Answer Exclamatory Sentence The man exclaimed with sorrow that he was a great fool. The boy exclaimed with fear that it was a very terrible storm. He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very worthless. The boy exclaimed (cried out) with joy that his father had come. I exclaimed that you were greatly obliged to me. The teacher exclaimed with wonder that he was very funny. The girls exclaimed what a handsome man he was. Ram exclaimed that the soup was hot. You told that it was a very happy news. They exclaimed to us that they were greatly obliged to us. Della exclaimed with grief that he was undone. The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the game. The old man strongly wished that he were a king. He exclaimed with surprise that the book was very fine. He exclaimed with sorrow that he was a great fool. The players shouted with joy (or, exclaimed with joy) that they had won the match. He exclaimed with joy that he was very happy. They exclaimed in sorrow that their beloved leader was no more. The little girl exclaimed in wonder that the scenery was very beautiful. The captain encouraged the players saying that they had played very well. The boy lamented (or exclaimed in sorrow) that he was undone. He exclaimed in sorrow that he was ruined. He said that he was very glad. The children exclaimed with joy that they had got the prize. The king exclaimed in sorrow that their enemies were too strong. He said to me, "What a nice flower it is!" He exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice flower. The students exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. I exclaimed with sorrow with my friend that it was a very tragic accident. Kamal exclaimed with sorrow that he was no more in the world. You exclaimed with wonder that the boy was very peculiar. He exclaimed with wonder that it was tremendous. He exclaimed that he was a great fool. The teacher exclaimed with disgust that the dress was very dirty. He exclaimed with joy that he had stood first in the exam. I congratulated him. The woman shouted for help. He exclaimed with sorrow that his acting was very foolish. Looking at the Victoria Memorial the foreigner exclaimed in wonder that it was an exquisitely beautiful creation. The coach applauded the players that they had played very well. Addressing me friend, the old man bade good-bye to me. He swore by God that it was a very good painting. Robinbabu exclaimed with regret that he could not succeed in spite of great efforts. The boys exclaimed with joy that they were very happy there. Boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. We exclaimed with joy that we had won the match. The mother exclaimed with happiness to her son that he had qualified the examination. The captain exclaimed with joy to his boys that they had won the match. The captain exclaimed with joy that his boys had won the match. The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. The captain exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost the game. The captain exclaimed with sorrow to his boys that they had lost the match. The captain exclaimed with sorrow that his boys had lost the match. She exclaimed that it was a very lovely rose. The teacher exclaimed that he was a very nice fellow. The crane exclaimed that the fox was very clever. She exclaimed that that the child was very pretty. The captain applauded the boys saying that they had done well. She exclaimed with contempt that he was a very clumsy fellow.