Preposition, Article,  Parts of Speech Wroksheet-4.0 Dhaka Board-2020 1.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. dark    the       from    an        learning          often   midst   that    worthy            in An ideal teacher is (a) — compared with (b) — architect. He is called (c) — architect of a nation. He is the light of (d) — and makes the illiterate people (e) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter of regret (f) — the teachers are not held (g) — due respect in our society. They lead a humble life in the (h) — of want. Still they keep the light of education burning in order to remove the (i) — of illiteracy and superstitions (j) — the society. Mymensingh Board-2020 2.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. rest     nation culture            the       walks  throughout    history tradition some          number Festivals have always been integral parts of our tradition and culture. We have a (a) — of festivals which we celebrate (b) — the year. Some of our (c) — festivals are related to our (d) — of Independence and Language Movement. (e) — are related to our religions and the (f) — are related to our art and (g) —. Whatever may be (h) — occasion, people from all (i) — of the society take part in these festivals spontaneously. We should continue the (f) — of our festivals. Rajshahi Board-2020 3.            Fill in the blanks with suitable words given in the box below. You may need to change the form of words and you can use one word more than once. develop          fear     conscious      both    for       punish be        towards Nowadays, parents are very (a) — of the harmful effect of (b) — on children. Child Psychologists think that (c) — physical and mental punishment can be disastrous (d) — a child’s growth and (e) —. It may lead to (f) — and hatred of the person who (g) — the child. Again, if a child (h) — punished, he may lack initiative. He may also feel hostile (i) — others. So, rude behaviour gradually (j) — in him. DinajPur Board 2020 4.                  Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. lieou may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once.      [Dinajpur Board-2020] more       with     complete   contact  about    influence  a    of         for  which Travelling has a great (a) —        on our minds. The human mind always craves (b) — change. There is none who does not feel (c)  — thrill of joy at the new sight (d) —   experience. The traveller comes in (e) —with various types ofpeople. If he moves about (f) — the observant eyes, he can acquire a lot of practical knowledge (g) — men and things of the world (h) —  books alone cannot provide. Travelling gives us an opportunity  to enjoy the (i) — enchanting sights of nature. It helps one enrich his knowledge and makes him (j) —perfect man. Cumilla Board-2020 5.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. dull      the       success          both    victory            if          we       them   keen    easily Without effort, there can be no (a) — in life. Life loses its interest (b) — there is no struggle. Games become (c) —, if there is no competition in (d) — and if the result can be (e) — foreseen. No matter we win (f) — game or lose it. The (g) — the contest, the greater the interest. A (h) — is not a real triumph unless (i) — the sides are equally strong. Whether (j) — like it or not, life is a continuous competitive examination. Chattogram Board-2020 6.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. think    positive            arise    hinder  normal avoid   mainly hamper            cause  prosperity Student politics (a) — the normal progress of a student. It brings (b) — to a few but (c) — harm to many. Because of student politics (d) — administration of a college or university is (e) —. As a result, there (f) — session jam. For this problem of the campus, student politics is (g) — responsible. So, we should (h) — about the necessity of student politics. Either we should (i) — student politics or we should brings about a (j) — change in this sector. Sylhet Board 2020 7.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. about  between         of         basic   no        educate          almost will      light    light Education removes our ignorance and gives us the (a) — of knowledge in respect (b) — imparting education. There should be (c) — discrimination (d) — man and woman. Education is one of the (e) — human rights. If we deprive woman of the (f) — of education (g) — half of our population (h) — remain in darkness. No development can be brought (i) — without the partícipation of woman. So, the government is doing everything to (j) — the womanfolk. Barishal Board-2020 8.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once : this      disgrace         with     fortunate        in         have    though            the       stomach         to Child labour is one of the biggest curses of the 21st century. It is (a) — that this has become very accepted (b) — our society. Only poverty is responsible for (c) —. In a family of five or six children, the parents (d) — to send their kids to work so that they can fill their empty (e) —. These poor and helpless children are rewarded (f) — all kinds of abuse (g) — they work hard all day long. No other thing is as (h) — as child abuse for a nation. (i) — government has taken necessary measures (j) — check it. Dhaka Board 2019 9.            Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Indiscriminate for     sustain           anticipate       disaster          the       erosion  imperative   to         an It is (a) — that the new century is now facing various challenges specially environmental (b) —. Feeding the ever growing population is (c) — first and foremost challenge for Bangladesh. It is very difficult to (d) — the current level of agricultural production. Because our agricultural land is being reduced due (e) — human habitat, industrialisation, river (f) — etc. Besides, we are losing our forests gradually. Trees are being cut down (g) — resulting in (h) — increase of pollution. So, it is (i) — to check the reckless alarming condition (j) — our own existence. Rajshahi Board 2019 10.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of words. You may need to use one word more than once. danger            recently          victim  accused          fault    that     by        the       aware  strict Road accidents have (a) — become a regular phenomenon in our country. As a result of the accidents, many persons fall (b) — to untimely death. It is reported (c) — most of the accidents occur for (d) —violation of traffic rules, (e) — unskilled drivers and unconscious passers-by. Many unlicensed and (f) — vehicles also (g) — the passengers and the passers-by. So, in order to save us from the accidents the government is trying to create (h) — among the people and has passed (i) — laws against the (j) —. Dinajpur Board 2019 11.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of verbs. You may need to use one word more than once. Miracle           thirst   network          of         within advance          short   connect          with     small Internet is the latest discovery of science. It is the greatest (a) — in this field. It is a computerized process (b) — a telephone set. To get Internet (c) —, it requires a modem, telephone line and a different sort of software for using the (d) — system. Nowadays, an Internet is (e) — great use to us. It has made the world (f) — and brought the world (g) — our reach. We can get any information in a very (h) — time. It has not only widened our knowledge but also made us (i) — for the unknown. It’s a (j) — like Aladin’s magic lamp. Jashore Board-2019 12.          Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. a          the       sick     and      to         general           of, with            treat A hospital is the home for (a) — sick. It gives medical (b) — to them free (c) — cost. A hospital is (d) — run by the government. A hospital has outdoor (e) — indoor sections. (f) — great number of the (g) — people are treated in (h) — outdoor section. People attacked (i) — serious illness are admitted (j) — the indoor section. Cumilla Board—2019 13.          Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. a          hinder in         development  with     joint    of         boon   eradicate        lag Bangladesh is beset (a) — many problems. Illiteracy is one of them. It is not a (b) — to us. It is undoubtedly (c) — curse. It (d) — all kinds of developments of a country. It also causes many other problems (e) — our society. As most of our people are not conscious (f) — the importance of education, we cannot take proper step to (g) — illiteracy. As a result, we are (h) — behind. We have to depend on the foreign aids. All of us should come forward (i) — to remove illiteracy from the society. Then the (j) — of the country will be possible. Chattogram Board 2019 14.          Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the words. You may also use one word more than once. water  objects           full       important       clothes           in         the       made   currents         forces The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b) — objects. Natural (c) — are stone, trees, air and (d) —. Man-made objects are houses, cars, (e) — and chemicals. Natural (f) — are cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes, storms and ocean (g) —. Life exists (h) — different conditions. It is very (i) — to keep (j) — environment clean. Sylhet Board 2019 15.          . Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You can use one word more than once. Of        the       for       at         which  adulterate       hardly or        into The issue of food (a) — has drawn the attention (b) — general people. We (c) — find any food in our country (d) — is not adulterated in one way (e) — other. (f) — present, substandard foods are sold in most of (g) — hotels. Very recently, government has directed a mobile court to look (h) — the matter of food. They are catching dishonest hotellers red-handed (i) — using unhygienic ingredients (j) — are really harmful to human body. Barishal Board 2019 16.          . Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words You may need to use one word more than once. charm  mangrove        the       beauty sight     longest bewitching       wild      rising    within The seabeach of Cox’s Bazar is a (a) — gift of nature. The blue water of the sea and its (b) — waves are always a pleasant (c) — which cools our mind (d) — a moment. It is the (e) — seabeach in the world. (f) — Saint Martin’s Island is also a gift of nature in the Bay of Bengal The beauty of the island is simply (g) —. The Sundarbans, the largest (h) — forest of the world, is another beautiful gift of nature. Its (i) — life and mysterious setting make it more (j) —. All Boards 2018 17.           Fill in the blanks with the word from the box. Apparent        bad      lie        in         sorts   have    of         aware  about  cope Bangladesh (a) — in the southern part of Asia. She is now (b) — in the grip of all (c) — of pollutions like air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. The dwellers of the urban areas are the (d) — sufferers of such pollution. The industrialization process (e) — Bangladesh over the past decades (f) — created significant environmental problems. We know (g) — some of the most common types (h) — environmental pollutions and ways of (i) — with them. In this case, we need (j) — most. Dhaka Board 2017 18.          Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. you may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once..5×10=5 on        rote     to         proper  by       then    a          speak Learning is (a) — continuous process. Learning a language depends on a process based (b) — language skills. We need to practice four skills (c) — learn a language (d) — . We learn by listening, (e) — reading and writing. But we have to learn not by (f) — but by understanding. We know that (g) — child starts to learn its mother tongue (h) — listening and lipsing and (i) — speaking. Native (j) — learn their language easily by listening and speaking. Rajshahi Board 2017 19.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Numerous       early    suitable            ages    maintain          make   moreover        a          the       fresh Morning walk is an exercise (a) — for the people of all (b) —. It gives us (c) — benefits. (d) — people who wake up (e) — and go out for (f) — walk, can enjoy (g) —morning air. (h) — this exercise helps them (i) — good health. Again, they can (j) — a good start of their work. Dinajpur Board 2017 20.           Fill in the blanks with words from the box. You may need to to change the forms of some words. You may need to use one word more than once. the       or        friend  of         in         for       entire  forword          appreciate Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgement and (b) — of help received from others. In the society we cannot do all things. Sometimes we need the help (c) — others. We are (d) — dependent in the society. A man may be in danger (e) — in problem at any time. It is a natural instinct in man to come (f) — to help the needy because of his fellow-feeling, (g) — and kinship. Gratefulness comes from (h) — depth of the heart and finds its manifestation (i) — books, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. 21.          Jashore Board 2017 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once : repent in         the       to         of         a          sure    do        make   life Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes (b) — proper division of his time and (c) — his duties accordingly, he will (d) — improve and prosper (e) — life. But if he does otherwise, he is sure (f) — suffer when it is too late. To waste time is as bad as to commit suicide. In fact our (g) — is nothing but the sum total (h) — hours, days, and years. If we waste (i) — morning hours of life, we shall have to (j) — afterwards. Cumilla Board 2017 22.           Fill in the blanks with words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some words. You may need to use one word than once. between         saying physical          of         on        participation  personality     for       an        beneficial Sports are very essential (a) — us. There are various types (b) — sports. Among them cricket, football, volleyball, swimming etc. are very popular. All types of sports are (c) — to us. There is relation (d) — the body and the mind. “A sound mind lives in a sound body,” is a wise (e) —. In order to win success in life, we should have a sound health which depends (f) — regular (g) — in game and sports. Sports keep us (h) — fit. Sports exercise (i) — important influence in forming one’s (j) —. Sylhet Board 2017 23.          Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. forward          at         up        in         move   for       the       number           a Traffic jam is (a) — problem in all towns and cities (b) — Bangladesh. It occurs where a (c) — of vehicles crowd so close that (d) — becomes impossible (e) — sometime. It is more common where (f) — streets are narrow and have many bends. Weak traffic control system is also largely responsible (g) — it. It is very annoying and time killing. When caught in a traffic jam, we simply get stuck (h) — at one place. We can neither move (i) — nor backward. We have to wait and look repeatedly (j) — our watch. 24.          Barishal Board-2017 English (Compulsory)English Second Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2017]Part A-Grammar (Marks — 60) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of words. You may need to use one word more than once : blessing         to         harm   from    children          the       debate on        of The issue (a) — using cell phones at school is (b) — matter of recent (c) —. Many schools are struggling (d) — prevent their students (e) — using cell phones. Guardians also have different views on allowing their (f) — to use technological devices such as cell phones, video games and (g) — internet. There are some guardians who do not want their children to use technology as it might cause (h) — to them. (i) — the other hand, some guardians do not want to deprive them of the (j) — of technology. Dhaka Board-2016 25.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: with     at         a          bread  dislike responsible    to         of         privilege         in We live in society. So we must learn how to live (a) — peace and amity (b) — others. We have to respect others rights and (c) — and liking and (d) — as we expect others to respect us. We have (e) — lot of duties and (f) — in society. Education should aim (g) — making each individual fully aware (h) — these duties and responsibilities. It is true that one has (i) — learn how to earn the (j) —. Dinajpur Board-2016 26.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: of         for       a          afford  and      expensive       the       influence Travelling has a beneficial (a) — on our minds. The human mind always craves (b) — change. This is (c) — by travelling in new lands. There is none who does not feel (d) — thrill of joy at the new sight (e) — experience. Travelling gives us an opportunity to enjoy (f) — most charming scenes (g) — nature. Though it is (h) —, it can bring a change both in body (i) — mind. Thus travelling can help one to complete his knowledge and can be (j) — perfect man. Cumilla Board 2016 27.           Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some the words. You may need to use one word more than once: too      favourable      people soon   an        motherland    grow   buy      in         become Our (a) — Bangladesh is (b) — agricultural country. Most of our (c) — are engaged (d) — cultivation. Many cultivators are (e) — poor to (f) — and use modern tools. Still they can (g) — bumper crops if the climate is (h) —. We hope to (i) — a developed nation (j) —. 28.          Chattogram Board 2016 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: for       successful     need    of         in         sure    put      careless          about  a A stitch (a) — time saves nine. This is (b) — very well-known proverb. Some people don’t care (c) — anything, They (d) — off a job (e) — tomorrow, though they are not (f) — whether the day will come. In this way, they can’t finish a work when they (g) — it. Then they say, “Alas! If we were not (h) — about our jobs when we had a lot (i) — time we could be (j) —“. 29.          Sylhet Board 2016 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: about  accurate         dominate        the       wonder  a       towards          energy            of         substitute The modern world is undoubtedly a world of computers. It has brought (a) — a great change in our way of life. It works as a (b) — for human brain. It has enabled us to perform any difficult work (c) — in a few seconds. In the field (d) — medical science, printing, education etc. computers are doing (e) — jobs. In (f) — western countries, computers (g) — every sphere of man’s life. Our country is also gradually moving (h) — a computer culture. It saves both our time and (i) —. If we make a constructive use of it, it can render (j) — great service to mankind. 30.          Chittagong Board-2015 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. in         dark    the       from    an        learning          often   that     worthy            our A teacher is (a) — compared with (b) — architect. He is called (c) — architect of a nation. He is the light of (d) — and makes the illiterate people (e) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter of regret (f) — the teachers are not held (g) — due respect in (h) — society. They lead a humble life in the midst of want. Still they keep the light of education burning in order to remove the (i) — of illiteracy and superstitions (j) — the society. 31.          Rajshahi Board-2015 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. in         for       of         life       a          the       when   reap    sow Youth is (a) — best time of (b) —. This is the time (c) — it is most important (d) — one to remember the maxim, “As you (e) —, so shall you reap.” One must sow (f) — seeds of industry, truthfulness, honesty and other virtues (g) — this season to (h) — the harvest of prosperity and happiness. Whatever takes root in (i) — man at this time lasts throughout the rest (j) — his life and moulds his future. 32.          Barisal Board-2015 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. give     a          symbol           to be   by last in         but      the       cultivate A flower is (a) — best gift of nature. It is a (b) — of beauty. It (c) — us pleasure. There is nobody (d) — loves flower. But it is (e) — matter of sorrow that a flower does not (f) — long. It blooms (g) — the morning and fades away very soon. Nowadays flowers (h) — cultivated in our country. Many people earn their livelihood (i) — flower (j) —. 33.          Sylhet Board-2015 Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. a          the       precious         for       great have      wise    which  off Time is very (a) —- thing. Time(b) —- is lost once is lost forever. There is (c) —– proverb, “Time and tide wait for none.” It is time which does not (d) —- the relative feelings. It does not wait  (e) —- anyone if it is not used (f) —- . It is really essential to realize (g) —- importance of time in our life. Those who have become (h) —- would make proper use of time. They never put (i) —- their work for tomorrow. That’s why, they have contributed (j) —- lot to the society. Key to Wroksheet-4.0 Answer 1.       (a) often; (b) an; (c) the; (d) learning; (e) worthy; (f) that; (g) in; (h) midst; (i) darkness; (j) from. 2.       (a) number; (b) throughout; (c) national; (d) history; (e) some; (f) rest; (g) culture; (h) the; W walks; 0) tradition. 3.       (a) conscious; (b) punishment;   (c) both; (d) for; (e) development; (f) fear; (g) punishes; (h) is; (i) to; (j) develops. 4.       (a) influence (b) for; (c) a; (d) of-, (e) contact; (f) with; (g) about; (h) which; (i) most; (j) a. 5.       (a) success; (b) if; (c) dull; (d) them; (e) easily; (f) the; (g) keener; (h) victory; (i) both; (j) we. 6.       (a) hinders /hampers; (b) prosperity; (c) causes; (d) normal; (e) hampered/ hindered; (f) arises; (g) mainly; (h) rethink; (i) avoid; (j) positive. 7.       (a) light; (b) of-, (c) no (d) between; (e) basic; (f) right; (g) almost; (h) will; (i) about; (j) educate. 8.       (a) unfortunate; (b) in; (c) this; (d) have; (e) stomach; (f) with; (g) though; (h) disgraceful; (i) The; 0) to. 9.       (a) anticipated; (b) disaster; (c) the; (d) sustain; (e) to; (f) erosion; (g) indiscriminately; (h) an; i)imperative; (j) for. 10.    (a) recently; (b) victim; (c) that; (d) the; (e) by; (f) faulty; (g) endanger; (h) awareness; (i) strict; (j) accused. 11.    (a) advancement; (b) with; (c) connection; (d) network; (e) of; (f) smaller; (g) within; (h) short; .(i) thirsty; (j).miracle. 12.    (a) the; (b) treatment; (c) of-, (d) generally; (e) and; (f) A; (g) sick; (h) the; (i) with; (j) to. 13.    (a) with; (b) boon; (c) a; (d) hinders; le) in; (fl of; (g) eradicate; (h) lagging; (i) jointly;- (j) development. 14.    (a) full; (b) made; (c) objects; (d) water; (e) clothes; (f) forces; (g) currents; (h) in; (i) important; 0) the. 15.    (a) adulteration; (b)) of-, (c) hardly; (d) which; (e) or; (f) At; (g) the; (h) into; (i) for; (j) which. 16.    (a) beautiful; (b) rising; (c) sight; (d) within; (e) longest; (f) The; (g) bewitching; (h) mangrove; i)wild; (j) charming. 17.    (a) lies; (b) apparently; (c) sorts; (d) worst; (e) in; (f) has; (g) about; (h) of; (i) coping; (j) awareness. 18.    (a) a; (b) on; (c) to; (d) properly; (e) speaking; (f) rote; (g) a; (h) by; (i) then; (j) speakers. 19.    (a) suitable; (b) ages; (c) numerous; (d) The; (e) early; (f) a; (g) fresh; j (III Moreover; (i) maintain; (j) make. 20.    (a) the; (b) appreciation; (c) of; (d) entirely; (e) or;, (f) forward; (g) friendship; (h) the; (i) in; (j) for. 21.    (a) maker; (b) a; (c) does; (d) surely-, (e) in; (f) to; (g) life; (h) of-, (i) the; (j) repent. 22.    for; (b) of; (c) beneficial; (d) between; (e) saying; (f) on; (g) participation; (h) physically; (i) an; (j) personality. 23.    a; (b) in; (c) a; (d) movement; (e) for; (f) the; (g) for; (h) up; (i) forward; 0) at. 24.    of; (b) a; (c) debate; (d) to; (e) from; (f) children; (g) the; (h) harm; (i) On; 0) blessing. 25.    in; (b) with; (c) privileges; (d) dislikes; (e) a; (f) responsibilities; (g) at; (h) of; (i) to; 0) bread. 26.    influence; (b) for; (c) afforded; (d) a/the; (e) of; (f) the; (g) of; (h) expensive; (i) and; 0) a. 27.    motherland; (b) an; (c) people; (d) in; (e) too; (f) buy; (g) grow; (h) favourable; (i) become; 0) soon. 28.    in; (b) a; (c) about; (d) put; (e) for; (f) sure; (g) need; (h) careless; (i) of-, 0) successful. 29.    about; (b) substitute; (c) accurately; (d) of-, (e) wonderful; (f) the; (g) dominate/are dominating; (h). towards; (i) energy; j) a. 30.    Ans ; (a) often (b) an (c) the (d) learning (e) worthy (f) that (g) in (h) our (i) darkness (j) from 31.    Answer; (a) the; (b) life; (c) when; (d) for; (e) sow; (f) the; (g) in; (h) reap; (i) a; (j) of; 32.    Answer: (a) the; (b) symbol; (c) gives; (d) but; (e) a; (f) last; (g) in; (h) are; (i) by; (j) cultivation. 33.    Answer: (a) precious; (b) which; (c) a; (d) have; (e) for; (f) wisely; (g) the; (h) great; (i) off; (j) a.

Write the right form of verbs given in brackets. 1. Many wild animals already (disappear). 2. The moon (shine) at night. 3. Flowers (be) gift of nature. 4. It (dew) in winter. 5. The rich (be) not always happy. 6. The virtuous (be) blessed. 7. The pious (be) happy. 8. Ice (float) on water. 9- He (carry) an umbrella daily. 10. What you (do) now? 11. Why Mr. Peter (look) so angry? 12. Why she (look) so nervous? 13. My brother just (move) to a new place 14. I can't help (listen) to them. 15. You (see) her lately? 16. I have a boy (come) from the orphanage. 17. We are none of us (get) any younger. 18. I don't mind (have) asparagus. 19. I saw him (go) to the town. 20. I answered (thank) her. 21. The old sailor went away (leave) the marriage guest. 22. They just (reach) the play ground. 23. What you generally (do) for a living? 24. Suman just (get) his revenge. 25. I just (receive) my father's letter. 26. The tree not (bear) any fruit yet. 27. He (go) ten minutes ago. 28. Lima (break) her leg in a car accident last year. 29. We (be) in Dhaka since last week. 30. The boy (suffer) from fever for five days. 31. It is high time we (start) the work. 32. It is time he (leave) home. 33. It is high time they (earn) their livelihood. 34. He talks as though he (to be) a king. 35. I wish I (to be) a philosopher like Socrates. 36. Nimmi wishes she (to be) a millionaire. 37. Sumi runs fast as if she (to be) mad. 38. I wish I (sing). 39. Man (try) to escape death. 40. The letter (publish) yesterday. 41. Grass on the other side of the fence (not look) green always. 42. Large families (decline) day by day. 43. I wish I (bear) in a small family. 44. Science (discover) many things. 45. Man (learn) through mistakes 46. The baby (screams) all the time. 47. Much more information (be) available in English. 48. The meeting (hold) tomorrow. 49. A parent (wink) at his son's fault. 50. The members of a large family (face) many problems. 51. In the past man (be) very helpless. 52. Polygamy (be) the common form of marriage in the past. 53. The maintenance of two families (cost) a lot. 54. Women (come) out of the four walls. 55. Women (contribute) much to their family income. 56. In developed countries household work (share) by both husband and wife. 57, Man (be) subject to decay and death. 58. I will not leave the house until I (hear) the story. 59. Nuclear families are getting (intensify). 60. The psychological problems of the children of single families (Increase). Right Form of Verbs-2.5 Answer 1. Many wild animals have already disappeared. 2. The moon shines at night. 3. Flowers are a gift of nature. 4. It dews in winter. 5. The rich are not always happy. 6. The virtuous are blessed. 7. The pious are happy. 8. Ice floats on water. 9. He carries an umbrella daily. 10. What are you doing now? 11. Why does Mr. Peter look so angry? 12. Why does she look so nervous? 13. My brother has just moved to a new place. 14. I can't help listening to them. 15. Have you seen her lately? 16. I have a boy coming from the orphanage. 17. We are none of us getting any younger. 18. I don't mind having asparagus. 19. I saw him going to the town. 20. I answered thanking her. 21. The old sailor went away leaving the marriage guest. 22. They just reached the playground. 23. What do you generally do for a living? 24. Suman has just got his revenge. 25. I just received my father's letter. 26. The tree has not borne any fruit yet. 27. He went ten minutes ago. 28. Lima broke her leg in a car accident last year. 29. We have been in Dhaka since last week. 30. The boy has been suffering from fever for five days. 31. It is high time we started the work. 32. It is time he left home. 33. It is high time they earned their livelihood. 34. He talks as though he were a king. 35. I wish I were a philosopher like Socrates. 36. Nimmi wishes she were a millionaire. 37. Sumi runs fast as if she were mad. 38. I wish I could sing. 39. Man tries to escape death. 40. The letter was published yesterday. 41. Grass on the other side of the fence doesn't always look green. 42. Large families are declining day by day. 43. I wish I were born in a small family. 44. Science has discovered many things. 45. Man learns through mistakes. 46. The baby screams all the time. 47. Much more information is available in English. 48. The meeting will be held tomorrow. 49. A parent winks at his son's fault. 50. The members of a large family face many problems. 51. In the past, man was very helpless. 52. Polygamy was the common form of marriage in the past. 53. The maintenance of two families costs a lot. 54. Women have come out of the four walls. 55. Women contribute much to their family income. 56. In developed countries, household work is shared by both husband and wife. 57. Man is subject to decay and death. 58. I will not leave the house until I hear the story. 59. Nuclear families are getting intensified. 60. The psychological problems of the children of single families are increasing.

Right Form of Verbs-1.7.7.2.5.8 1. One day Hazrat Ali’s (R) favourite shield (a) —— (steal). After a long search it (b) —— (find) with a Jew. He (c) —— (ask) him to return the shield. But the Jew (d) —— (refuse) to return it. He (e) —— (say) that the shield was his. Hazrat Ali’s (R) companions (f) —— (be) very angry. They were ready to take the shield by force. But Hazrat Ali (R) (g) —— (stop) them saying, “No, you must (h) —— (do) it. There is no difference between the caliph and his subjects. So I (i) —— (go) to the court of justice.” So Hazrat Ali (R) (j) —— (seek) the help of the court. It was the caliph who had appointed Sharih Qazi. Seeing the justice the Jew accented Islam. 2. We (a) —— (make) a journey from Jessore to Khulna by bus. My uncle (b) —— (receive) us at Khulna bus stand. We (c) —— (put) up in my uncle’s house for one day. Early next morning we (d) —— (cross) the Rupsha bridge and (e) —— (take) a microbus which (f) —— (be) bound for Bagerhat. We got off near Ranbijoypur and (g) —— (hire) two rickshaws to take us to the Shat Gombuj Mosque. I (h) —— (find) actually 77 domes including the seven in the central row. We (i) —— (pass) more than one hour around the mosque and went to the mazar of Peer Khan Jahan Ali (Rh.) which (j) —— (stand) on a raised ground. 3. There are many people who (a) —— (not take) physical exercise. They can hardly (b)—— (realize) that they themselves (c) —— (ruin) their health. They (d) —— (fall) victim to many diseases. Life (e) —— (become) dull to them. They (f) —— (remain) always ill termed. We (g) —— (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Physical exercise (h) —— (make) our body active and the muscles strong. It also (i) —— (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (j) —— (give) strength to our brain. 4. Once there (a) —— (live) an idle king. He (b) —— (not undergo) physical labour. As a result, he (c) —— (get) bulky and could not move from one place to another. He (d) —— (call) in a doctor. The doctor (e) —— (be) clever and wise. He did not (f) —— (prescribe) any medicine for the king. He asked the king to buy a club and (g) —— (move) it in the air till his hands (h) —— (get) moistened. The king started (i) —— (follow) the prescription. Thus, the king (j) —— (relive) of his problem. 5. Air (a) (be) —— an important element of the environment. But it is constantly being (b) —— (pollute) in many ways. We make fire to cook food and (c) —— (do) many works. This fire emits smoke which (d) —— (contaminate) air. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) —— (burn) fuel. Air pollution also (f) —— (happen) when coal and oil (g) —— (burn). Mills and factories can be (h) —— (hold) responsible for this pollution. It is high time we (i) —— (check) air pollution. Otherwise, we (j) —— (suffer) a lot. 6. A proverb goes that time and tied wait for none. None (a) —— (call) it back. A man (b) —— (get) back his lost money and health but cannot get his lost time. Time once lost (c) —— (loses) forever. So we (d) —— (make) the best use of our time. We (e) —— (do) our work in time. If we put off our work for tomorrow, we may not get time to do it at all. There are some people who waste time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They (f) —— (depend) on others. If we read the biography of the great men, we (g) —— (realize) it. They (h) —— (waste) a single moment uselessly. They (i) —— (be) very industrious from their childhood. We can prosper in life only by (j) —— (follow) their life. 7. Today, we (a) —— (be) a free nation. We (b) —— (have) to take great pains to achieve freedom. Our war of liberation (c) —— (take) place in 1971. People of all walks of life (d) —— (come) forward and got (e) —— (involve) in the war directly or indirectly. Many a man (f) —— (kill) in the battle field. They (g) —— (not flee) from the battle field (h) —— (show) their backs. Rather, all of them (i) —— (contribute) much to (j) —— (achieve) independence. 8. A few days ago, I (a) —— (enjoy) an interesting match. It was an (b) —— (excite) match. It (c) —— (play) between the top two teams of our country. On the day of the match, I (d) —— (go) to the Dhaka Stadium quite early. I (e) —— (see) a long line in front of the ticket counter but I (f) —— (be) not discouraged to (g) —— (see) such a huge number of people. Having (h) — — (see) the crowd, I (i) —— (hurry) to the ticket counter and (j) —— (stand) in the line. 9. It has been over three hundred years since Emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) —— (build) the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife in Agra. Architecturally, it (b) —— (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building (c) —— (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. It (d) —— (have) eight sides and many open arches. It (e) —— (rest) on a platform or terrace of red sandstone. Four slender white towers (f) —— (rise) from the corners of the terrace. A large dome (g) —— (stand) above the centre of the building. Around this large dome there (h) —— (be) four smaller domes. Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors (i) —— (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) —— (lie) in two graves below this room. 10. To err is human. If a man commits crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) —— (forgive). But the man who (b) —— (not, give up) the wrong (c) —— (suffer) surely. In the long run, he (d) —— (will take) to the land of death. The old sailor (e) —— (be) —— a wrong-door in his long journey. He committed a crime (f) —— (kill) a sea bird (g) —— (call) Albatross. That crime ultimately head (h) —— (bring) bad luck to them. The ship (i) —— (leave) in the icy sea. The sun shone over their head. The wind (j) —— (drop) down. It was a great disaster. 11. Three hundred years ago, Sir Isaac Newton (a) —— (be) a great man of science. But he was very absent minded about small matters when he (b) —— (think) about a problem. One morning Newton (c) —— (get) up very early because Newton (d) —— (work) on a very difficult problem. Newton was thinking about the problem so deeply that Newton (e) —— (not leave) the problem to go to breakfast. But Marry, his housekeeper, (f) —— (think) Newton (g) —— (need) food. So, the housekeeper (h) —— (take) a pan of water and an egg to his study. The housekeeper (i) —— (want) to boil the egg and (j) —— (stay) with Newton until Newton ate the egg. 12. A child (a) —— (grow) up in a balanced way if it (b) —— (teach) properly. Home is the best institution in this regard and mother (c) —— (be) the first teacher. So a child should (d) —— (bring) up carefully. Its demand should (e) —— (meet) and everything should (f) —— (do) for its welfare. Our harsh behaviour (g) —— (cause) a great harm to its growth. In that case, it (h) —— (be) able to express itself fully. Thus its originality (i) —— (lose) and the country (j) —— (get) anything special from him. 13. It is high time we (a) —— (use) our brain about the curse of dowry. The issue of dowry is to be (b) —— (consider) in view of the country’s socio-economic, cultural, political circumstances. United efforts (c) —— (require) putting an end to the violence against women. A specific framework must be (d) —— (draw) up to be (e) —— (implement). Anyway, we can hope that dowry (f) —— (come) to an end in the time to come. We dare to (g) —— (hope) so because our girls are being (h) —— (educate) day by day. Parents’ mentality (i) —— (change) gradually. People (j) —— (be) more conscious about dowry. 14. Change is the order of nature because we know the proverb that older changes (a) —— (yield) place to the new. So, nothing (b) —— (remain) new forever. The same we (c) —— (notice) in entertainment also. Old and traditional forms (d) —— (change) by new, modified and modern forms of entertainment. Many of them (e) —— (exist) any longer. Today TV channels and satellite have superseded radio; similarly band and pop music (f) —— (replace) our popular old songs. Football (g) —— (lose) its appeal day by day. Cricket and other games (h) —— (become) more and more popular. Our idea about the popularity of entertainment also (i) —— (change). We’ve started (j) —— (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way. 15. Cooperation means (a) —— (to work) together for the benefit of all. Without cooperation modern society (b) —— (exist). Cooperation (c) —— (see) at its best among farmers in the dry regions of some parts of Australia and America. The fields (d) —— (irrigate) in these regions. Crops cannot be grown without water. Water (e) —— (bring) to the fields without streams being tapped higher up. For this purpose canals and dams (f) —— (build). The canals have been cut through the fields of more than one farmer. Those who (g) —— (live) higher up the valley than the others (h) —— (allow) to build canals through their land in order to carry water to the fields of farmers lower down. In times of drought all (i) —— (be) able to share the water. Instead of taking all water for themselves the farmers on the higher land leave enough for their neighbours down the valley. Farming in dry areas (j) —— (make) possible by such cooperation. By cooperation farmers have learned to make even the desert produce crops. 16. Student politics in Bangladesh has a glorious past. Many of our achievements in the national life have (a) —— (come) through student politics. The sacrifices (b) —— (make) by the students for ages have paved the way to our independence. In 1952, our students (c) —— (protest) firmly when the Pakistani rulers tried to (d) —— (introduce) Urdu as the only state language of the then East Pakistan. The students could not tolerate this declaration and so came out on the streets and (e) —— (violate) 144 raising protest and (f) —— (chant) slogan. The fire (g) —— (open) and as a result some students (h) —— (lay) down their lives. And it is only for their sacrifice Bangla along with Urdu (i) —— (introduce) as the state language of the East Pakistan. Alongside this glorious history, the grand history of independent Bangladesh (j) —— (be) also the great contribution of our students. 17. Today, we take for (a) —— (grant) that we (b) —— (have) one machine that (c) —— (allow) us to access the Internet, (d) —— (do) word processing, (e) —— (use) a calculator, watch TV, play games and do a host of other things. But the personal computer only (f) —— (become) available to consumers in 1974. Things really (g) —— (took) off when Microsoft Windows (h) —— (introduce) in 1985 and it (i) —— (be) good that the Internet wouldn’t have (j) —— (had) nearly as big an impact as it has ever since. 18. Football is a favourite game in our country. It (a) —— (arrange) between two teams (b) —— (contain) eleven players each. The captains of both teams (c) —— (lead) their groups. This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) —— (play) across the world. It (e) —— (run) for an hour and a half with an interval after half of the time (f) —— (be) over. Any football tournament (g) —— (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. The result (h) —— (remain) almost unpredictable till the end because any team might win over the other team (i) —— (score) a goal within seconds. The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) —— (maintain) by the players. 19. True education (a) —— (enlighten) our mind and (b) —— (refine) our sensibility. So, it often (c) —— (compare) with light and is (d) —— (consider) as the pillar of human civilization. It can certainly (e) —— (say) that if a country (f) —— (provide) its people with real education (g) —— (require) for the modern aspects of life not (h) —— (ignore) own culture, it (i) —— (be) able to (j) —— (achieve) all out prosperity for the betterment of the nation. 20. You might have (a) —— (hear) of Solomon who was famous all over the world for his wisdom and intelligence. Once the Queen of Sheba (b) —— (go) to him to test his intelligence. She (c) —— (bring) with her two garlands of flowers: one natural and the other artificial. She (d) —— (place) them before the king (e) —— (take) the natural one. Solomon got puzzled for a moment. Then he saw some bees (f) —— (fly) outside. He had the windows (g) —— (open) by his men. The bees came in and (h) —— (sit) on the natural one. Thus, he could (i) —— (identify) the real flowers and could (j) —— (outwit) the Queen of Sheba in the race of intelligence. Right Form of Verbs with Answer 1. One day Hazrat Ali’s (R) favourite shield (a) —— (steal). After a long search it (b) —— (find) with a Jew. He (c) —— (ask) him to return the shield. But the Jew (d) —— (refuse) to return it. He (e) —— (say) that the shield was his. Hazrat Ali’s (R) companions (f) —— (be) very angry. They were ready to take the shield by force. But Hazrat Ali (R) (g) —— (stop) them saying, “No, you must (h) —— (do) it. There is no difference between the caliph and his subjects. So I (i) —— (go) to the court of justice.” So Hazrat Ali (R) (j) —— (seek) the help of the court. It was the caliph who had appointed Sharih Qazi. Seeing the justice the Jew accented Islam. Answer: a) was stolen b) was found c) asked d) refused e) said f) were g) stopped h) not do i) will go j) sought 2. We (a) —— (make) a journey from Jessore to Khulna by bus. My uncle (b) —— (receive) us at Khulna bus stand. We (c) —— (put) up in my uncle’s house for one day. Early next morning we (d) —— (cross) the Rupsha bridge and (e) —— (take) a microbus which (f) —— (be) bound for Bagerhat. We got off near Ranbijoypur and (g) —— (hire) two rickshaws to take us to the Shat Gombuj Mosque. I (h) —— (find) actually 77 domes including the seven in the central row. We (i) —— (pass) more than one hour around the mosque and went to the mazar of Peer Khan Jahan Ali (Rh.) which (j) —— (stand) on a raised ground. Answer: a) have made, made b) received c) put d) crossed e) took f) was g) hired h) found i) passed j) stands 3. There are many people who (a) —— (not take) physical exercise. They can hardly (b)—— (realize) that they themselves (c) —— (ruin) their health. They (d) —— (fall) victim to many diseases. Life (e) —— (become) dull to them. They (f) —— (remain) always ill termed. We (g) —— (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Physical exercise (h) —— (make) our body active and the muscles strong. It also (i) —— (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (j) —— (give) strength to our brain. Answer: a) do not take b) realize c) are ruining, ruin d) fall e) becomes f) remain g) can build h) makes i) improves j) gives 4. Once there (a) —— (live) an idle king. He (b) —— (not undergo) physical labour. As a result, he (c) —— (get) bulky and could not move from one place to another. He (d) —— (call) in a doctor. The doctor (e) —— (be) clever and wise. He did not (f) —— (prescribe) any medicine for the king. He asked the king to buy a club and (g) —— (move) it in the air till his hands (h) —— (get) moistened. The king started (i) —— (follow) the prescription. Thus, the king (j) —— (relive) of his problem. Answer: a) lived b) did not undergo, could not undergo c) got d) called e) was f) prescribe g) move h) got i) to follow, following j) was relieved 5. Air (a) (be) —— an important element of the environment. But it is constantly being (b) —— (pollute) in many ways. We make fire to cook food and (c) —— (do) many works. This fire emits smoke which (d) —— (contaminate) air. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) —— (burn) fuel. Air pollution also (f) —— (happen) when coal and oil (g) —— (burn). Mills and factories can be (h) —— (hold) responsible for this pollution. It is high time we (i) —— (check) air pollution. Otherwise, we (j) —— (suffer) a lot. Answer: a) is b) polluted c) do d) contaminates e) burning f) happens g) are burnt h) held i) checked j) will suffer 6. A proverb goes that time and tied wait for none. None (a) —— (call) it back. A man (b) —— (get) back his lost money and health but cannot get his lost time. Time once lost (c) —— (loses) forever. So we (d) —— (make) the best use of our time. We (e) —— (do) our work in time. If we put off our work for tomorrow, we may not get time to do it at all. There are some people who waste time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They (f) —— (depend) on others. If we read the biography of the great men, we (g) —— (realize) it. They (h) —— (waste) a single moment uselessly. They (i) —— (be) very industrious from their childhood. We can prosper in life only by (j) —— (follow) their life. Answer: a) can call b) can get c) is lost d) should make e) should do f) depend g) can realize h) waste i) should be, must be j) following 7. Today, we (a) —— (be) a free nation. We (b) —— (have) to take great pains to achieve freedom. Our war of liberation (c) —— (take) place in 1971. People of all walks of life (d) —— (come) forward and got (e) —— (involve) in the war directly or indirectly. Many a man (f) —— (kill) in the battle field. They (g) —— (not flee) from the battle field (h) —— (show) their backs. Rather, all of them (i) —— (contribute) much to (j) —— (achieve) independence. Answer: a) are b) had c) took d) came e) involved f) was killed g) did not flee h) showing i) contributed j) achieve 8. A few days ago, I (a) —— (enjoy) an interesting match. It was an (b) —— (excite) match. It (c) —— (play) between the top two teams of our country. On the day of the match, I (d) —— (go) to the Dhaka Stadium quite early. I (e) —— (see) a long line in front of the ticket counter but I (f) —— (be) not discouraged to (g) —— (see) such a huge number of people. Having (h) — — (see) the crowd, I (i) —— (hurry) to the ticket counter and (j) —— (stand) in the line. Answer: a) enjoyed b) exciting c) was played d) went e) saw f) was g) see h) seen i) hurried j) stood 9. It has been over three hundred years since Emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) —— (build) the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife in Agra. Architecturally, it (b) —— (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building (c) —— (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. It (d) —— (have) eight sides and many open arches. It (e) —— (rest) on a platform or terrace of red sandstone. Four slender white towers (f) —— (rise) from the corners of the terrace. A large dome (g) —— (stand) above the centre of the building. Around this large dome there (h) —— (be) four smaller domes. Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors (i) —— (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) —— (lie) in two graves below this room. Answer: a) built b) is c) was made d) has e) rests f) rise g) stands h) are i) can look j) lie 10. To err is human. If a man commits crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) —— (forgive). But the man who (b) —— (not, give up) the wrong (c) —— (suffer) surely. In the long run, he (d) —— (will take) to the land of death. The old sailor (e) —— (be) —— a wrong-door in his long journey. He committed a crime (f) —— (kill) a sea bird (g) —— (call) Albatross. That crime ultimately head (h) —— (bring) bad luck to them. The ship (i) —— (leave) in the icy sea. The sun shone over their head. The wind (j) —— (drop) down. It was a great disaster. Answer: a) be forgiven b) does not give up c) will suffer d) will be taken e) was f) killing g) called h) brought i) left j) dropped 11. Three hundred years ago, Sir Isaac Newton (a) —— (be) a great man of science. But he was very absent minded about small matters when he (b) —— (think) about a problem. One morning Newton (c) —— (get) up very early because Newton (d) —— (work) on a very difficult problem. Newton was thinking about the problem so deeply that Newton (e) —— (not leave) the problem to go to breakfast. But Marry, his housekeeper, (f) —— (think) Newton (g) —— (need) food. So, the housekeeper (h) —— (take) a pan of water and an egg to his study. The housekeeper (i) —— (want) to boil the egg and (j) —— (stay) with Newton until Newton ate the egg. Answer: a) was b) thought c) got d) worked e) did not leave f) thought g) needed h) took i) wanted j) stay 12. A child (a) —— (grow) up in a balanced way if it (b) —— (teach) properly. Home is the best institution in this regard and mother (c) —— (be) the first teacher. So a child should (d) —— (bring) up carefully. Its demand should (e) —— (meet) and everything should (f) —— (do) for its welfare. Our harsh behaviour (g) —— (cause) a great harm to its growth. In that case, it (h) —— (be) able to express itself fully. Thus its originality (i) —— (lose) and the country (j) —— (get) anything special from him. Answer: a) will grow b) is taught c) is d) be brought e) be met f) be done g) may cause, will cause h) will be i) will not lose j) will get 13. It is high time we (a) —— (use) our brain about the curse of dowry. The issue of dowry is to be (b) —— (consider) in view of the country’s socio-economic, cultural, political circumstances. United efforts (c) —— (require) putting an end to the violence against women. A specific framework must be (d) —— (draw) up to be (e) —— (implement). Anyway, we can hope that dowry (f) —— (come) to an end in the time to come. We dare to (g) —— (hope) so because our girls are being (h) —— (educate) day by day. Parents’ mentality (i) —— (change) gradually. People (j) —— (be) more conscious about dowry. Answer: a) used b) considered c) are required d) drawn e) implemented f) will come g) hope h) educated i) is changing j) are 14. Change is the order of nature because we know the proverb that older changes (a) —— (yield) place to the new. So, nothing (b) —— (remain) new forever. The same we (c) —— (notice) in entertainment also. Old and traditional forms (d) —— (change) by new, modified and modern forms of entertainment. Many of them (e) —— (exist) any longer. Today TV channels and satellite have superseded radio; similarly band and pop music (f) —— (replace) our popular old songs. Football (g) —— (lose) its appeal day by day. Cricket and other games (h) —— (become) more and more popular. Our idea about the popularity of entertainment also (i) —— (change). We’ve started (j) —— (look) upon our forms of all life in a new way. Answer: a) yielding b) remains c) can notice d) are changed e) exist f) have replaced g) is losing h) have become i) is changing j) to look, looking 15. Cooperation means (a) —— (to work) together for the benefit of all. Without cooperation modern society (b) —— (exist). Cooperation (c) —— (see) at its best among farmers in the dry regions of some parts of Australia and America. The fields (d) —— (irrigate) in these regions. Crops cannot be grown without water. Water (e) —— (bring) to the fields without streams being tapped higher up. For this purpose canals and dams (f) —— (build). The canals have been cut through the fields of more than one farmer. Those who (g) —— (live) higher up the valley than the others (h) —— (allow) to build canals through their land in order to carry water to the fields of farmers lower down. In times of drought all (i) —— (be) able to share the water. Instead of taking all water for themselves the farmers on the higher land leave enough for their neighbours down the valley. Farming in dry areas (j) —— (make) possible by such cooperation. By cooperation farmers have learned to make even the desert produce crops. Answer: a) working b) will not exist c) is seen d) are irrigated e) is brought f) are built, have been built g) live h) are allowed i) are j) is made 16. Student politics in Bangladesh has a glorious past. Many of our achievements in the national life have (a) —— (come) through student politics. The sacrifices (b) —— (make) by the students for ages have paved the way to our independence. In 1952, our students (c) —— (protest) firmly when the Pakistani rulers tried to (d) —— (introduce) Urdu as the only state language of the then East Pakistan. The students could not tolerate this declaration and so came out on the streets and (e) —— (violate) 144 raising protest and (f) —— (chant) slogan. The fire (g) —— (open) and as a result some students (h) —— (lay) down their lives. And it is only for their sacrifice Bangla along with Urdu (i) —— (introduce) as the state language of the East Pakistan. Alongside this glorious history, the grand history of independent Bangladesh (j) —— (be) also the great contribution of our students. Answer: a) come b) made c) protested d) introduce e) violated f) chanted g) was opened h) lay i) introducing j) was/is 17. Today, we take for (a) —— (grant) that we (b) —— (have) one machine that (c) —— (allow) us to access the Internet, (d) —— (do) word processing, (e) —— (use) a calculator, watch TV, play games and do a host of other things. But the personal computer only (f) —— (become) available to consumers in 1974. Things really (g) —— (took) off when Microsoft Windows (h) —— (introduce) in 1985 and it (i) —— (be) good that the Internet wouldn’t have (j) —— (had) nearly as big an impact as it has ever since. Answer: a) granting b) have c) allows d) do e) use f) became g) took h) was introduced i) is j) had 18. Football is a favourite game in our country. It (a) —— (arrange) between two teams (b) —— (contain) eleven players each. The captains of both teams (c) —— (lead) their groups. This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) —— (play) across the world. It (e) —— (run) for an hour and a half with an interval after half of the time (f) —— (be) over. Any football tournament (g) —— (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. The result (h) —— (remain) almost unpredictable till the end because any team might win over the other team (i) —— (score) a goal within seconds. The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) —— (maintain) by the players. Answer: a) is arranged b) containing c) lead d) has been played e) runs f) is g) arranged h) remains i) scoring j) is maintained 19. True education (a) —— (enlighten) our mind and (b) —— (refine) our sensibility. So, it often (c) —— (compare) with light and is (d) —— (consider) as the pillar of human civilization. It can certainly (e) —— (say) that if a country (f) —— (provide) its people with real education (g) —— (require) for the modern aspects of life not (h) —— (ignore) own culture, it (i) —— (be) able to (j) —— (achieve) all out prosperity for the betterment of the nation. Answer: a) enlightens b) refines c) is compared d) considered e) be said f) provides g) required h) ignoring i) will be j) achieve 20. You might have (a) —— (hear) of Solomon who was famous all over the world for his wisdom and intelligence. Once the Queen of Sheba (b) —— (go) to him to test his intelligence. She (c) —— (bring) with her two garlands of flowers: one natural and the other artificial. She (d) —— (place) them before the king (e) —— (take) the natural one. Solomon got puzzled for a moment. Then he saw some bees (f) —— (fly) outside. He had the windows (g) —— (open) by his men. The bees came in and (h) —— (sit) on the natural one. Thus, he could (i) —— (identify) the real flowers and could (j) —— (outwit) the Queen of Sheba in the race of intelligence. Answer: a) heard b) went c) brought d) placed e) to take, taking f) flying g) opened h) sat i) identify j) outwit

1. Do you think it’s important to know about other cultures? Yes, understanding other cultures is crucial in today’s globalized world. It fosters empathy, respect, and cooperation among people from diverse backgrounds. By learning about other cultures, we can break down stereotypes, avoid misunderstandings, and build stronger, more harmonious relationships. It also enriches our own perspectives and broadens our understanding of the world, contributing to personal growth and more inclusive societies. 2. How can we benefit from learning about other cultures? Learning about other cultures offers numerous benefits. It enhances our communication skills by helping us understand different social norms and values. It promotes tolerance and reduces prejudice by exposing us to diverse viewpoints. On a practical level, understanding other cultures can improve our ability to work in international settings, engage in global business, and travel more respectfully. It also enriches our personal lives by introducing us to new ideas, traditions, and experiences. 3. What do you think is the best way to learn about another culture? The best way to learn about another culture is through direct immersion. Traveling to the country, interacting with locals, and participating in cultural practices provide firsthand experience. Additionally, engaging with cultural artifacts such as literature, music, and cuisine can offer deeper insights. Language learning is also valuable, as it facilitates communication and helps in understanding cultural nuances. Building relationships with people from that culture and asking questions with genuine curiosity can also enhance learning. 4. Do you think that learning foreign languages can help us understand foreign cultures? Absolutely. Learning a foreign language opens up a deeper understanding of a culture. Language is deeply intertwined with culture, reflecting its values, idioms, and social norms. By learning a language, you gain access to cultural nuances and perspectives that might not be apparent through translation. It also facilitates direct communication with native speakers, allowing for more meaningful interactions and insights into their cultural context. 5. What does it mean to be polite in your culture? In many cultures, politeness involves showing respect and consideration for others. This often includes using courteous language, addressing people properly, and being attentive to social norms and etiquette. Politeness might also involve being punctual, expressing gratitude, and maintaining a respectful tone in conversations. The specific practices can vary, but the underlying principle is to make others feel valued and respected. 6. What is considered rude in your culture? Rude behavior can vary widely between cultures, but generally, it includes actions that disregard social norms or show a lack of respect for others. Examples might include interrupting someone while they are speaking, failing to follow proper etiquette in social settings, or showing a lack of appreciation for others' time and effort. Being aware of and adhering to local customs and manners helps avoid unintentional rudeness. 7. If a group of people came to your country from overseas, what advice would you give them? I would advise them to approach the visit with an open mind and a willingness to learn. Familiarize themselves with local customs and etiquette to show respect and avoid misunderstandings. Engaging with locals and asking questions can provide valuable insights and help them feel more comfortable. Additionally, trying local food, participating in cultural activities, and being respectful of traditions will enhance their experience and integration. 8. What is culture shock? Culture shock is the feeling of disorientation or discomfort that people experience when they encounter a new and unfamiliar culture. It often involves difficulties in adjusting to different social norms, customs, and practices. Symptoms can include confusion, frustration, or anxiety. Overcoming culture shock typically involves gradually adapting to the new environment, seeking support, and maintaining an open and flexible attitude. 9. What is the best/most important thing your culture/country adopted from another culture? One significant cultural adoption is the influence of international cuisine on local food traditions. For example, the integration of different culinary practices has enriched the local food culture, introducing new flavors and dishes that have become integral to the national cuisine. This exchange highlights how cultural adaptation can enhance and diversify a culture’s traditions. 10. What are the five most important values of your culture? (For example, Family) The values important to many cultures often include: Family: Emphasizing strong familial bonds and support systems. Respect: Valuing respect for others, including elders and authority figures. Community: Prioritizing collective well-being and support within the community. Hospitality: Welcoming and taking care of guests with kindness. Education: Valuing knowledge and the pursuit of learning as a means to personal and collective advancement. 11. What are some things that define a culture? For example, music, language… Culture is defined by various elements, including: Language: The primary means of communication and expression. Traditions: Rituals and customs passed down through generations. Cuisine: The food and culinary practices unique to the culture. Art and Music: Creative expressions that reflect cultural values and experiences. Clothing and Dress: Traditional and modern attire that signifies cultural identity. Religion and Beliefs: Spiritual practices and worldviews that influence daily life and values.

1. What are the advantages of living in the countryside? Living in the countryside has some pretty nice perks. For starters, you get to enjoy a lot of peace and quiet—no honking horns or bustling crowds. The fresh air and open spaces are great for your health and well-being. Plus, you’re usually surrounded by beautiful nature, which can be really relaxing and rejuvenating. There’s often a stronger sense of community too, with neighbors knowing each other well and lending a hand when needed. And let’s not forget, living in the countryside can be more affordable compared to the high cost of city living. 2. What are the disadvantages of living in the countryside? On the flip side, living in the countryside can come with some downsides. For one, you might find it a bit isolating, especially if you’re used to the buzz of city life. There are usually fewer amenities and services, so you might have to travel long distances for things like shopping or medical care. Job opportunities can be limited, and public transportation might not be as reliable or available. Additionally, if you’re used to a fast-paced lifestyle, the slower pace of country life might take some getting used to. 3. What kinds of people live in the countryside? People who live in the countryside can come from all walks of life. Many are farmers or people involved in agriculture, as the countryside is often where farming takes place. There are also those who move to the countryside for a quieter lifestyle, often retirees or people seeking a break from the hustle and bustle of city life. Some might be working professionals who telecommute or have jobs that allow them to live remotely. Overall, it’s a mix of people who appreciate the slower pace and natural beauty of rural areas. 4. What do people living in the countryside like to do? People in the countryside often enjoy outdoor activities and making the most of their natural surroundings. This might include things like hiking, gardening, fishing, or simply taking long walks. Many people also enjoy engaging in community events and local festivals. Because there’s usually more space, people often have hobbies like farming, raising animals, or DIY projects. There’s a real emphasis on enjoying a more hands-on, nature-connected lifestyle. 5. How has life changed over time in the countryside? Life in the countryside has definitely evolved. Historically, it was all about agriculture and manual labor, but now there’s a blend of traditional and modern ways of living. Technology has made its way into rural areas, so many people now have access to the internet and modern conveniences that weren’t available before. There’s also been a shift towards more sustainable living practices, with people focusing on local produce and eco-friendly lifestyles. However, some areas still hold on to traditional ways of life, balancing modernity with their rural roots. 6. Do you think it is better to live in the city or in the countryside? Whether it’s better to live in the city or the countryside really depends on personal preferences. Cities offer convenience, a wide range of activities, and job opportunities, which can be great if you enjoy a fast-paced lifestyle. On the other hand, the countryside offers tranquility, natural beauty, and a slower pace of life, which can be ideal if you’re looking for peace and connection with nature. It’s all about what you value more in your daily life. 7. Do you think landmarks make a city more famous, why? Absolutely, landmarks can make a city famous. Iconic landmarks often become symbols of the city and can attract tourists, which boosts the city's profile. They give people a tangible way to connect with the city’s history, culture, and identity. Landmarks also provide a sense of pride for locals and can be a focal point for cultural events and activities. 8. What interesting things can we do in big cities? Big cities offer a ton of exciting things to do! You can explore diverse neighborhoods, try out various international cuisines, and visit world-class museums and galleries. There’s always something happening, from concerts and theater performances to street festivals and nightlife. Cities also offer unique shopping experiences and cutting-edge architecture. Plus, you can often find specialized services and entertainment that might not be available in smaller towns or rural areas. 9. What’s the difference between living in the city and in the countryside? The main difference boils down to pace and environment. Cities are fast-paced with lots of hustle and bustle, while the countryside is generally slower and more relaxed. In cities, you have access to numerous amenities and services right at your doorstep, but it can be noisy and crowded. In contrast, the countryside offers peace, space, and natural beauty but may lack some of the conveniences and social opportunities of city life. It really comes down to what kind of lifestyle you prefer. 4o mini

What do you think about money? Money can do a lot of things, both good and bad. It gives us freedom and a wide variety of choices. With money, you have the confidence and motivation to work harder for a better life. You can decide where and how you want to live when you have a good income. On the flip side, when you don’t have much money, your choices are limited. However, everything comes with a price. Having lots of money doesn’t mean you won’t run into problems. Most people struggle to strike a balance between earning and enjoying money, so they work day and night, believing they’ll be happier if they have lots of money. Unfortunately, for many, that time never comes, and they end up unhappy and dissatisfied. Could human beings live without money? It’s true that money isn’t the most important thing in the world, but it’s irreplaceable in our lives. If the world were a completely free place with no expenses, and people could own anything they wanted without money, no one would go to work. There would be no motivation, and people would work unproductively. Money stimulates people to overcome obstacles so they can enjoy their achievements to the fullest. Additionally, people with money have a voice in society, and it’s a strong encouragement for anyone. In your opinion, why do many people derive pleasure from spending money? Spending money is definitely one of the most satisfying feelings ever. People can buy things they’ve long waited for to please themselves. Buying something new can make their day and motivate them to work harder. The money spent isn’t necessarily on oneself but also on loved ones. It makes us feel good, so we’re likely to spend more money the next time. Who do you think saves more money, men or women? Well, it’s hard to say. Men’s biggest risk is their egos. They need to brag about their possessions and how much money they’ve earned, so they end up spending more. Women tend to save money and spend it only when they really need to. However, there are exceptions when women manage money worse than men. That’s why there’s no strong proof that men or women save more money. Which do you think is better for the economy of a country or area, people saving money or people spending money? It’s a tricky question. For any economy, saving is entwined with spending. When people buy things, they contribute money to the stores, which in turn pay salaries. The government also benefits from taxes. If people save money, only the banks benefit as they can invest or set up new businesses. An ideal economy is when saving and spending are balanced. It’s a rule for any economy in the world. Do you think the government should let people know how it spends money? Well, actually, I don’t really care about this issue. I think the government has its reasons for not publicizing everything. It can be state secrets that the authorities want to keep private. However, if the government could go public with the amount of money it spends, it would gain trust from the public and assure them that their money is invested properly. Young People vs. Money How can (or how do) young people learn to manage their financial affairs? From my point of view, young people should learn from their parents, who have lots of experience with spending money. Parents can give sound advice on how to keep an eye on personal expenses. The young should plan short-term and long-term financial goals and review them from time to time to manage personal finance well. They need to ensure their budgets cover their savings in case of any unforeseen emergency. Do you think it’s easy for young people to save money? I think it’s all about motivation. When people have specific goals, they’ll find saving money easier. For instance, lots of youngsters are working their way through university by doing part-time jobs. They don’t want to depend on their parents and want to lessen the burden on their families. They can save a small sum of money every month. Once young people develop that habit, they can have considerable savings for their future. Do young people nowadays believe in saving money? Well, I don’t really know. It depends on their outlook, I guess. Saving money is a good idea in case undesirable problems arise. Developing the discipline to do it over a long period is what most people find difficult. That’s why not many young people keep track of their monthly expenses. Kids and Money Do you think parents should give pocket money to kids? I do agree with that. Giving pocket money to children helps them start learning about money management. When children get pocket money, they have to make choices about spending or saving it. If they save up, they learn about waiting for things they want. Otherwise, kids who choose to spend are likely to use up all the money. After a few months, they’ll know how to spend within their budget. Paying children to do chores also makes them more hard-working. Money doesn’t grow on trees, so giving pocket money will teach kids to appreciate it. Do parents in your country think it’s important for their children to save money? Yes, they do. They always encourage kids to live within their means. They believe if children save money, they will appreciate it more and use it wisely. When they set aside money, they prepare better for the future. They may think saving isn’t necessary now since they are still young and lack experience. Once they grow up, they’ll understand that it makes good sense. Why do young people tend to waste money? Well, the allure of extravagance often beckons the young crowd. It's not merely about spending but an intrinsic part of the youthful experience – a rite of passage into adulthood. The influx of a paycheck seems like a golden ticket to indulge in the thrill of the moment, embracing the latest tech gadgets, trendy fashion, and the mantra of "you only live once." What kinds of things do people like to buy in your country? In my country, the shopping carts are diverse, reflecting a blend of practicality and indulgence. The latest tech gadgets, fashion trends that define individuality, and the ever-popular pursuit of culinary delights dominate the shopping landscape. It's a medley of the functional and the indulgent, a testament to varied preferences. How do people become rich? The journey to wealth resembles a multifaceted puzzle, demanding a concoction of hard work, strategic decision-making, and a sprinkling of good fortune. Negotiating this financial maze involves making astute choices, seizing opportunities, and cultivating resilience. It's a complex narrative where success is often forged through a combination of ambition, dedication, and navigating the unpredictable twists of fate. Why do people often want more money, no matter how much they have got? The insatiable appetite for wealth is akin to an ongoing odyssey. Money, like a magnetic force, opens doors to opportunities, security, and an enhanced lifestyle. The desire for more isn't just avarice; it's an intrinsic pursuit of an ever-improving quality of life, revealing the paradoxical nature of wealth as both a means and an end. What are some reasons for people being poor? Can poverty be avoided? Poverty, a complex tapestry woven from threads of limited education, scarce job opportunities, and unforeseen misfortunes, is a challenge rooted in systemic issues. Mitigating poverty involves addressing its multifaceted causes through investments in education, creating job opportunities, and establishing safety nets. While complete avoidance may be elusive, proactive measures can certainly loosen the grip of poverty. Why are poor people in many cases more generous than rich people? The generosity of those grappling with limited means often stems from an innate understanding of the struggles of others. Having experienced hardships, empathy becomes a second nature, prompting acts of kindness and a willingness to share whatever little they possess. In the midst of scarcity, a spirit of generosity emerges as a remarkable silver lining. Do you think that riches can have a bad effect on a person? How? Riches, while desirable, can be a double-edged sword. The pursuit of wealth sometimes leads to a Pandora's box of temptations – lavish lifestyles, power dynamics, and even a sense of isolation. The acquisition of substantial wealth can alter priorities, potentially leading to a loss of connection with the simpler joys of life and a deviation from authentic values. Do you think taxes in your country are too high/low? The eternal debate over tax rates echoes diverse opinions. Some argue that it borders on exorbitant, hindering economic growth, while others believe it is a necessary contribution to maintain a well-functioning society. Striking the right balance – not too high to stifle progress, not too low to jeopardize essential services – remains an ongoing challenge. If you were the ruler of your country, what would you do to change the taxation system? In the realm of hypothetical governance, a fairer taxation system would be the objective. This might involve nuanced adjustments to the tax brackets, alleviating the burden on the middle class. The aim would be to ensure that everyone contributes, fostering a sense of shared responsibility without any segment feeling unduly burdened. Should parents give a credit card to teenagers? Navigating the waters of financial responsibility with teenagers involves a delicate balance. While introducing a credit card could impart valuable lessons, it also carries the potential for financial chaos. A phased approach, starting with a debit card as a financial training wheel, might provide a safer initiation into the complexities of managing credit. How do you think the government uses all the taxes they collect? The allocation of tax revenue is akin to a grand juggling act for the government. Ideally, taxes fund essential pillars of society – education, healthcare, infrastructure. However, the intricacies of budgetary decisions often remain a bit of a mystery, leaving citizens to ponder the nuances of how the financial pie is distributed. Can a person be rich without having a lot of money or possessions? How? Certainly! The concept of wealth can extend beyond material abundance. Riches, in a more profound sense, can be measured by experiences, meaningful relationships, and personal growth. One can be rich in love, knowledge, and contentment without accumulating a surplus of possessions. It's a paradigm shift, where the emphasis lies not just on what one has but on what one values and deems as treasures in life. Vocabulary with Meanings Price - The cost or consequence of something. Run into problems - To encounter or face issues or difficulties. Strike a balance - To find a satisfactory compromise between two extremes. Day and night - Continuously, all the time. Irreplaceable - Impossible to replace if lost or damaged. Motivation - A reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way. Overcome obstacles - To successfully deal with or resolve challenges. Please (oneself) - To satisfy or make oneself happy. Make (someone's) day - To make someone very happy. Ego - A person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance. Brag - To talk boastfully. Possessions - Things that someone owns. Intertwined - Twisted together; closely connected. Sum of money - A specific amount of money. Publicize - To make something widely known. State secrets - Confidential information related to national security. Go public - To make information known to the public. Unforeseen emergency - An unexpected situation requiring immediate action. Work (one's) way through - To support oneself while working or studying. Outlook - A person's point of view or general attitude to life. Keep track of - To monitor or follow the progress of something. Live within (one's) means - To spend no more money than one earns. Makes good sense - To be a sensible or logical course of action. Money doesn’t grow on trees - Money is not easily obtained; it requires effort to earn.

Do most people have a computer at home in your country?  In this digital age, having a computer at home has become quite common. It's like a household staple for many. Whether for work, education, or entertainment, having a personal computer has become a necessity. However, there are still some areas where access to computers may not be as widespread due to economic factors or geographical constraints. Do you think all information on the internet is true?  Certainly not. The internet is a vast ocean of information, and while it's a valuable resource, not all content is reliable. Misinformation and fake news can spread easily. It's crucial for users to approach online information critically, cross-check facts, and rely on reputable sources to distinguish truth from fiction. How can people find reliable information on the internet?  Finding reliable information on the internet requires a discerning approach. Using reputable websites, fact-checking organizations, and scholarly articles can be helpful. Additionally, checking multiple sources and comparing information can enhance credibility. Developing digital literacy skills and being cautious about clickbait or sensationalist content are essential for navigating the vast online landscape. How has the internet changed the way we live?  The internet has woven itself into the fabric of our daily lives. It has transformed the way we communicate, gather information, and even shop. The convenience of online services has made tasks more efficient, from banking to healthcare. It's like a virtual bridge connecting people globally, enabling instant communication and fostering a sense of interconnectedness. How has the internet changed the way we work?  The internet has revolutionized the workplace dynamics. Remote work has become more prevalent, allowing professionals to collaborate across distances seamlessly. Online tools and platforms facilitate efficient project management, communication, and data sharing. The internet has essentially blurred the boundaries of traditional office spaces, fostering a more flexible and interconnected work environment. Do you think the internet is safe for children to use unsupervised? While the internet offers a wealth of educational resources and entertainment for children, it's not entirely without risks. Supervision is crucial, especially for younger children, to ensure they navigate the online world safely. Parental controls, age-appropriate content filters, and open communication about internet safety are essential tools in creating a secure online environment for children. It's about finding a balance between harnessing the educational potential of the internet and safeguarding children from potential harm. Set-2 What are some of the different reasons why people use the internet? Speaking of the internet, it's clear that it has outstripped newspapers and television to become the primary source of information today. That's probably the biggest reason why people use it. Another reason is that the internet serves as a superior means of communication. We no longer need to meet up at cafes or offices to stay in touch. With internet access, we can connect with others anywhere, anytime. Some people say that different age groups have different tastes in internet content. What do you think? I completely agree that internet usage varies widely by age. For instance, young people tend to rely heavily on search engines for everything from entertainment and study materials to job opportunities. In contrast, older generations usually turn to the internet for national and international news. This difference highlights how diverse internet preferences can be based on age. What influence can (or does) the internet have on children? And what about teenagers? When it comes to the internet’s impact on children, many people focus on the negative aspects. For example, excessive internet use can lead to social isolation, and teenagers, in particular, often spend hours on social networking sites. However, there are also positive influences. The internet provides a vast amount of information that can expand a child's knowledge, and online games can foster creativity and imagination. Do you think parents should control what internet sites their children visit on the internet? I believe it’s necessary for parents to keep an eye on their children’s internet usage. Since not all online information is reliable, it's crucial to monitor what they are accessing. This oversight ensures that children can distinguish between good and bad sources of information and learn to navigate the internet safely. What kinds of people don't use the internet and what are the disadvantages that these people suffer because they don't use the internet? The main groups of people who often don't use the internet are older adults who might not be accustomed to it, and those whose jobs don't require it. The downside for these individuals is significant. They might find themselves cut off from social networks and struggle with accessing information. Instead of quickly finding news online, they may spend countless hours sifting through printed materials, which can be inefficient compared to using search engines. How has the internet changed the way we shop? The internet has revolutionized shopping by allowing people to buy almost anything online, anytime, without leaving their homes. E-commerce has become a major industry, offering convenience and variety that traditional stores often can’t match. Consumers can now compare prices easily and access a global marketplace with just a few clicks. What are some of the risks associated with using the internet? The internet comes with several risks, such as cybersecurity threats like hacking and phishing. Personal information can be compromised, leading to identity theft or financial fraud. Additionally, there is a risk of online harassment and exposure to inappropriate content, which can be harmful, especially to young users. How does the internet impact traditional media, such as newspapers and television? The internet has dramatically transformed traditional media by providing instant access to news and entertainment, often for free. This shift has led to a decline in print media sales and viewership for television, as people increasingly turn to online platforms for information and entertainment. How has social media influenced personal relationships and communication? Social media has reshaped personal relationships and communication by making it easier to stay connected with friends and family regardless of distance. It allows for instant updates and sharing of life events, but it can also lead to superficial interactions and may contribute to feelings of social comparison. What role does the internet play in education and learning? The internet has become a crucial educational tool, offering access to a vast amount of resources, including online courses, educational videos, and academic articles. It supports self-directed learning and provides platforms for virtual classrooms and interactive learning, making education more accessible and flexible. How do businesses use the internet to promote their products and services? Businesses leverage the internet through digital marketing strategies, including social media campaigns, search engine optimization (SEO), and email marketing. They use these tools to reach targeted audiences, build brand awareness, and engage with customers in real-time. In what ways has the internet changed the way people consume entertainment? The internet has transformed entertainment consumption by offering on-demand access to a wide variety of content, such as movies, music, and games. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify have replaced traditional media formats, allowing users to customize their entertainment experiences and access content from anywhere. How has the internet affected global communication and cultural exchange? The internet has bridged gaps in global communication by enabling instant and affordable international interaction. It facilitates cultural exchange by allowing people to share and experience different cultures, traditions, and perspectives. This global connectivity helps promote understanding and collaboration across borders. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Outstripped: Surpassed or exceeded. Superior means of communication: Better way to communicate. Anywhere, anytime: At any place and at any time. Rely heavily on: Depend a lot on. National and international news: News related to the country and the world. Negative aspects: Disadvantages or harmful effects. Positive influences: Beneficial effects. Expand a child's knowledge: Increase what a child knows. Foster creativity and imagination: Encourage creative thinking and imagination. Keep an eye on: Monitor or watch carefully. Distinguish between good and bad sources: Tell the difference between reliable and unreliable information. Cut off from: Separated or isolated from. Countless hours: A large, unspecified number of hours. E-commerce: Buying and selling goods online. Convenience: Ease of use or access. Compare prices: Check the cost of similar products from different sources. Global marketplace: The international market where goods and services are bought and sold. Cybersecurity threats: Risks related to online security. Identity theft: Stealing someone’s personal information for fraudulent use. Financial fraud: Illegal activities involving money. Online harassment: Bullying or abusive behavior on the internet. Transformed: Changed significantly. Decline in print media: Decrease in the popularity of newspapers and magazines. Instant access: Immediate availability. Stay connected: Maintain communication. Superficial interactions: Shallow or surface-level communication. Social comparison: Evaluating oneself based on others' lives. Educational tool: Resources or methods used for learning. Self-directed learning: Learning managed by oneself. Interactive learning: Learning through engagement and interaction. Digital marketing: Promoting products or services online. Search engine optimization (SEO): Improving website visibility in search engines. Streaming services: Platforms that deliver media content over the internet. On-demand access: Availability of content whenever desired. Customizable: Able to be modified to suit individual preferences. Bridged gaps: Connected or closed differences. Global connectivity: The ability to connect and interact across the world.

Do you think advertisements on TV should be banned? No, they shouldn’t. Although many viewers are fed up with the repeated appearance of some commercials during their favorite programs, this doesn't mean we should ban advertisements. Advertising companies usually sponsor the fees for broadcasting certain programs, allowing people to watch them free of charge. Moreover, advertisements provide a short break, easing eye strain and giving viewers time to use the toilet or grab a snack. What are the various places where we see advertisements? We can see advertisements everywhere. They are printed in newspapers and magazines, painted on the walls of various buildings and buses, and broadcast on TVs and radios. Additionally, advertisements are sent to our cell phones and appear when we surf the internet. What kinds of advertisements do you like the most? I like advertisements promoting activities such as concerts, brand promotions with celebrities at opening ceremonies, or charity programs. I appreciate the opportunities to see my favorite musicians and actors in person during these events. Do advertisements ever influence your choice about what to buy? Yes, they do, to some extent. Sometimes I waste money on things I don't need due to sales I learn about from advertisements. However, advertisements also provide information on various brands of products I need. I tend to buy items that are heavily advertised, even though I know the cost of advertising is added to the product price. Do you like advertisements on TV? No, I don't particularly like them. I find it frustrating to waste time on advertisements broadcast before or during the program I want to see. That's why I prefer watching programs on the internet, where there are fewer advertisements. What’s the most frequently used method of advertising? Nowadays, it's probably online advertising because people spend so much time on the Internet. Companies have latched onto this, and almost every website has some form of advertising. Which do you think is the most effective means of advertising? I'm not an expert, but it depends on the product being sold. For mass-market products like shampoo, TV advertising is likely the most effective because it reaches a wide audience and uses moving images and sounds. For niche products with a small target customer group, a more focused means of advertising, such as ads on relevant websites, would be more effective and cost-efficient. What kinds of products do you think are most suitable to be advertised? I think products that are new on the market are most suitable for advertising. These are the products people don't know about, and if they don't know about them, they won't buy them. Advertising is crucial for introducing new products to potential customers. Do you think there should be some controls or restrictions placed on the advertising industry? Yes, I think there should be controls or restrictions on the advertising industry. Without limits, we would be subjected to an overwhelming amount of advertising. For example, unrestricted placement of adverts could fill up spaces everywhere, potentially spoiling natural scenery in countryside areas. What effects can advertisements have on young children? Advertisements can have both positive and negative effects on children. On the positive side, some adverts can help children understand the things they see and use in their daily lives. However, advertisements often negatively impact children. Many products advertised, like alcoholic drinks, are unsuitable for young children. Additionally, ads for sweets and chocolate biscuits can make children pester their parents to buy these unhealthy items, which I did when I was younger. How do advertisements attract attention? Well, advertisements, you see, are like the charismatic storytellers of the commercial world. They employ a myriad of tactics to grab our attention – vibrant colors that practically jump out at you, catchy tunes that linger in your mind, and sometimes they rope in familiar faces, like celebrities, to add a touch of glamour. It's as if they're waving their arms, shouting, "Hey, over here! Something interesting is happening!" Do young and old people show the same attitude towards advertisements? It's quite fascinating, really. The younger crowd, they're all about the digital dazzle – social media, influencers, and the whole shebang. On the flip side, the older generation might find comfort in the more traditional avenues like newspaper ads or good old television commercials. But, you know, beneath the surface, everyone's got their own radar, tuning into what they find appealing in the vast sea of ads. Are advertisements a good or bad influence on children? Now, this is a nuanced topic. On one hand, ads can turn toys and snacks into these magical keys to joy. On the other hand, they serve as teachers, imparting valuable lessons about choices and preferences. It's like a seesaw, swaying between the positive and the not-so-great. Do advertisements actually influence people to buy things? How? Absolutely! It's like this intricate dance of subtle persuasion. Ads create this enchanting illusion that owning the latest gadget or trendiest sneakers will somehow elevate your status or bring boundless joy. It's as if they're softly whispering, "Go on, succumb to the allure – you know you want to." What are the harmful and beneficial effects of advertising? Ah, the yin and yang of advertising! On the sunny side, ads keep us informed about all the fantastic things available in the market. Yet, on the flip side, they can stoke a relentless desire for more possessions. It's akin to navigating a tempting buffet with both delectable and not-so-nutritious options – a delicate balance indeed. Do you think advertising should be allowed to interrupt TV or radio programs? What are the alternatives? Ah, the perennial dilemma! It's like the ongoing clash between attention-grabbing ads and our beloved shows. Personally, I lean towards finding a middle ground – perhaps strategically placing ads without overshadowing the content or incorporating sponsored segments seamlessly. It's all about maintaining equilibrium. What are the different methods of advertising? Oh, it's a veritable jungle out there! Social media blitz, guerrilla marketing, towering billboards, and the classic word-of-mouth – the advertising toolbox is vast. It's like advertisers are craftspeople, selecting the right tools based on who they want to reach and how subtle or overt they want to be. What is the most popular way of advertising? In the contemporary landscape, it's all about diving headfirst into the digital realm. Social media reigns supreme – think Facebook, Instagram, Twitter – they've become the hip gathering spots. Advertisers are all about sliding into those feeds, creating a splash that resonates with the cool kids of the digital age. Do you think that ads create a desire for more and more material possessions? Absolutely, and it's quite the psychological journey! Ads function like sly gardeners, planting these tiny seeds of desire in our minds. The more we're exposed to those gleaming, enticing products, the more we feel an innate need for them. It's akin to the experience of window shopping, where your cart suddenly overflows with items you didn't even know you craved. Crafty, isn't it? What are the different kinds of advertising? Advertising encompasses various methods, each with its unique approach. Broadcast advertising, which includes TV commercials, radio spots, and online ads, is among the most prominent. Print advertising relies on physical media such as posters, flyers, newspapers, and magazines. Outdoor advertising, such as billboards and ads at events, also plays a significant role. Unfortunately, there is also surrogate advertising, which disguises banned products like alcohol or tobacco under the guise of other items. What kind of advertising is most common in your country? In my country, broadcast and print advertising are the most prevalent forms. Television commercials are frequently aired, particularly during peak viewing times in the evening. Print media, including flyers and banners, are also commonly used to promote products, often seen on streets and in public spaces. What are the ways in which advertisements catch the attention of viewers? The effectiveness of advertisements in capturing attention varies by medium. For TV commercials, a memorable jingle or slogan, such as McDonald’s "I’m Lovin’ It," helps with recognition. Featuring celebrities or endorsements can further enhance appeal. Print ads, on the other hand, use vibrant colors and innovative graphic designs to attract viewers. Well-designed posters and flyers can significantly pique interest and drive engagement. Do big companies prefer to advertise on TV or in some other ways? (Why?) Big companies typically favor television advertising due to its broad reach and high impact. TV remains a dominant medium, particularly during prime time when viewership is at its peak. However, online advertising is gaining traction as more people spend time on the internet. Pop-up ads and digital campaigns are increasingly popular, reflecting the shift towards digital media. What are the good and bad points of advertisements? Advertisements are valuable for introducing consumers to a diverse range of products, providing information on features, models, and prices. However, they can be misleading, with the actual product often falling short of its advertised promises. This discrepancy can lead to dissatisfaction and waste of resources. Additionally, advertisements can foster unnecessary desires for products that may not be practical, leading to financial and emotional costs. Is advertising on the internet very influential? While internet advertising, such as pop-ups, is increasingly common, its effectiveness is debatable. Many people find these ads intrusive and dismiss them quickly. Moreover, skepticism about online content often leads to mistrust of internet advertisements, which are frequently seen as unreliable or exaggerated. Are any kinds of advertising in your country considered illegal? Advertising practices that violate legal regulations are considered illegal. For instance, outdoor advertisements like billboards must adhere to permits and removal deadlines. Unauthorized or improperly managed billboards often lead to legal issues, reflecting the importance of compliance with advertising laws. Do you trust advertisements? (Why?/Why not?) I generally approach advertisements with skepticism. They often exaggerate the qualities of products, leading to discrepancies between promises and reality. Despite this, I use advertisements as a starting point for research, seeking to understand available options. However, I rely on extensive product reviews and personal evaluations before making a purchase decision. How do you feel about false advertising? False advertising is particularly frustrating and concerning. Misleading ads can result in significant harm, such as health issues from unregulated cosmetics or medicines. Such dishonesty undermines consumer trust and damages the reputation of both the company and the broader advertising industry. Misleading practices erode confidence and can have serious repercussions for public trust. Vocabulary: Fed up: Annoyed or bored by something that has continued for a long time. Commercials: Advertisements on TV or radio. Sponsoring: Providing funds for a project or activity. Broadcasting: Transmitting programs via TV or radio. Eye strain: Discomfort or fatigue caused by prolonged visual activities. Painted on: Written or drawn on a surface using paint. Brand promotions: Advertising campaigns aimed at increasing brand awareness. Celebrities: Famous people. Opening ceremonies: Events marking the start of something. Charity programs: Initiatives aimed at helping those in need. Sales: Events where goods are sold at reduced prices. Heavily advertised: Frequently promoted in various media. Frustrating: Causing annoyance or upset due to inability to achieve something. Internet: The global system of interconnected computer networks. Mass-market products: Goods intended for a large number of people. Niche products: Goods targeted at a specific, smaller group of consumers. Target customer group: The specific audience a product is marketed to. Cost-efficient: Providing good value for the money spent. Introducing: Making something known for the first time. Controls or restrictions: Regulations or limitations. Natural scenery: The natural features of a landscape. Positive and negative effects: Beneficial and harmful impacts. Unsuitable: Not appropriate or fitting. Unhealthy items: Foods or products that are not good for health. Pester: To annoy or bother persistently.

Should actors be paid more? In my view, I reckon actors should indeed be paid more, considering the demanding nature of their profession. They pour their hearts into bringing stories to life, facing intense competition and irregular job opportunities. This puts them in a precarious position financially, especially when starting out. So, a bump in their earnings would not only reflect the value of their hard work but also provide them with the stability they deserve. What influences do actors or actresses have on young people? Actors and actresses play a pivotal role in shaping the aspirations and perceptions of young folks. Growing up, we often look up to these on-screen personalities as role models. Their characters and lifestyles influence our fashion choices, career aspirations, and even our understanding of relationships. It's like they weave a tapestry of dreams that young people aspire to be a part of. Are there many people in your country who want to work as an actor? Absolutely, there's a considerable number of folks in my country who harbor dreams of making it big in the acting world. It's like a cultural phenomenon where people are drawn to the glitz and glamour of the entertainment industry. Many believe that becoming an actor could be their ticket to fame and fortune, and they're willing to take on the challenges that come with it. Who is more popular, TV stars or movie stars? I'd say the popularity contest between TV stars and movie stars is quite dynamic. While movie stars might enjoy a broader international appeal, TV stars have a more intimate connection with their audience through long-running series. It's like comparing apples and oranges – each has its unique flavor and charm, catering to different tastes and preferences. Are famous people always happy? Contrary to popular belief, being famous doesn't guarantee perpetual happiness. The constant scrutiny, public expectations, and the pressure to maintain a certain image can take a toll on their mental well-being. It's like they're living under a microscope, and the facade of happiness might just be a cover for the myriad challenges they face behind the scenes. What makes a person famous? Becoming famous is like catching lightning in a bottle – it often involves a combination of talent, luck, and the right opportunities. It's not just about being good at something; it's about being at the right place at the right time, making connections, and capitalizing on unique strengths. It's like a puzzle where the pieces of fame fall into place through a series of unpredictable events. To be famous, do you think a person needs to have some special talent (or ability)? While having a special talent certainly gives someone an edge in the pursuit of fame, it's not the sole determinant. Networking, marketing oneself, and adapting to the ever-changing trends are equally crucial. It's like a blend of skill and strategy, where being in the right place at the right time with the right set of skills can propel someone to stardom. How do people invade the privacy of famous people? Famous people often find themselves navigating a tricky landscape where their personal lives become public domain. The invasion of their privacy can range from relentless paparazzi to gossip columns, digging for every detail. It's like having a part of your life under constant surveillance, and maintaining a semblance of normalcy becomes a challenging juggling act. What are some general qualities of famous people? Do they have any qualities that are different from ordinary people? Famous people, in my observation, often possess charisma and the ability to captivate audiences. However, it's essential to recognize that they are human too. What sets them apart might be their resilience and the capacity to handle immense pressure and public scrutiny. It's like they have an extra layer of armor, shielding them from the challenges that fame brings. Compare how people become celebrities today with how people became celebrities years ago, for example, 30 or 50 years ago. The pathway to celebrity status has undergone a significant transformation over the past few decades. Years ago, it was more about traditional media like television, movies, and print. Nowadays, with the advent of social media, anyone can potentially become a sensation overnight. It's like the barriers to entry have lowered, allowing for a more diverse range of individuals to attain fame through various online platforms. In your opinion, were the standards for judging who is famous before better than they are now? I think the standards for fame have evolved rather than necessarily improved or worsened. In the past, fame was often tied to conventional forms of talent showcased in mainstream media. Now, the definition has broadened, encompassing a variety of skills and online presence. It's like comparing different chapters of a book – each with its unique story and relevance to its time. What kind of people become famous in your country these days? In my country, people who work in the film, sports, and music industries tend to become more famous than others. This is largely because their careers are highly publicized; their work involves performing in front of an audience, and their success often hinges on public recognition. Politicians who frequently appear in the media, particularly on television, also gain significant fame. Their prominence is driven by their visibility and the impact they have on public life. What kind of achievements made people famous in the past? Historically, political and military achievements were major factors in a person’s rise to fame. Leaders who played pivotal roles in political or military movements were well-known across their countries. In the past, the media's reach was limited compared to today, so artists and performers had less opportunity to gain widespread fame. The advent of mass media has significantly altered how fame is achieved and sustained. How do you think people will become famous in the future? In the future, people will likely become famous through similar means as today, with mass media playing a crucial role. Entertainment industries, including film, music, and sports, will continue to be major platforms for fame. Politicians will also remain prominent due to their influence on public policy. However, with the rise of digital platforms and social media, new forms of fame could emerge, potentially allowing individuals to gain recognition through different channels. What are the benefits of being a famous person? Fame can offer several benefits. It provides a platform to raise awareness about important issues and support various causes. Famous individuals can leverage their visibility to advocate for social change or charitable work, which can have a positive impact on their communities. Additionally, fame can open doors to opportunities and resources that might not be available otherwise. Can you think of any disadvantages to being famous? One major disadvantage of fame is the loss of privacy. Famous individuals often find themselves under constant public scrutiny, with their personal lives frequently exposed. This lack of privacy can lead to feelings of isolation and intrusion. Moreover, the constant attention and media coverage can become overwhelming, affecting their mental and emotional well-being. How does the media in your country treat celebrities? The media in my country tends to closely follow the lives of celebrities, both professionally and personally. They frequently conduct interviews and publish stories about celebrities. While this coverage can increase public interest, it sometimes feels excessive or intrusive. There are instances where the media’s focus on celebrities can overshadow more substantive news. Why do you think ordinary people are so interested in the lives of celebrities? Interest in celebrities often stems from a desire to escape everyday routines and find entertainment or inspiration. People may follow celebrities to gain insight into a different lifestyle or to find motivation in their success stories. For some, it’s a form of distraction from their own challenges. Additionally, celebrities often serve as role models, and their achievements can inspire others to pursue their own goals. What do you think of celebrities appearing in advertisements? I believe that celebrities endorsing products can sometimes be problematic. Often, they promote items they may not personally use or believe in, primarily for financial gain. This can lead to misleading advertising, where consumers are drawn to products based on the celebrity endorsement rather than the product's merits. It’s important for celebrities to be honest and transparent about their endorsements to maintain trust with their audience. Many professional athletes are very well paid. Do you think that they deserve to be so well paid? Yes, I think that highly paid professional athletes are generally deserving of their salaries. They often dedicate years to rigorous training and competition, and their careers can be short-lived due to the physical demands of their sport. Additionally, top athletes generate significant revenue for their teams and sponsors, which justifies their high earnings. The competitive nature of professional sports and the need to attract and retain talent also contribute to their high salaries. What are the differences in attitudes between the young and the old toward life in Vietnam? There are notable differences in attitudes between the young and the old in Vietnam. For example, younger generations often prioritize personal development and career stability before settling down, whereas older generations typically valued marriage and family earlier in life. Modern youth are more focused on individual goals and achievements, while older generations may place greater emphasis on traditional values and family responsibilities. What is the main problem for Vietnam’s old people? A significant issue for older people in Vietnam is the lack of adequate recreational and social activities. Many elderly individuals, like my grandfather, find limited options for engagement after retirement. Establishing more leisure centers and community activities could help address this problem and provide elderly people with opportunities to socialize and stay active. What’s the attitude of the government toward old people? The government in Vietnam generally shows concern for the welfare of older citizens. Various policies are in place to support them, including pension schemes and healthcare services. The government recognizes the value of older people’s experiences and wisdom, viewing them as a resource rather than a burden. Efforts are made to improve their quality of life and ensure their well-being. What aspects of society are not good for old people? One major challenge for older people in Vietnam is the limited availability of public facilities designed for their needs, such as exercise areas and social spaces. Additionally, issues with pension schemes and healthcare can affect their overall well-being. The changing family structure, with fewer younger people to support an aging population, also poses challenges for elderly care. Are there any influences that old people bring to your family? Older family members can have a significant impact on younger generations. They often serve as role models, imparting values and interests through their experiences and hobbies. For instance, my grandfather’s passion for painting has inspired my cousins. Furthermore, older family members can assist with childcare, which provides practical support for working parents and strengthens family bonds. In general, how do people become famous? In today's digital age, achieving fame has become more accessible than ever before. Individuals with exceptional talents or skills in various fields can leverage media platforms to gain recognition. The widespread reach of social media, television, and other digital channels allows people to gain fame rapidly, provided they have something noteworthy to offer. What kinds of people become famous? Fame can be categorized into two primary types. The first type includes individuals who gain recognition through their remarkable contributions to society, such as scientists, researchers, athletes, or soldiers. These individuals often pursue excellence in their respective fields without a specific desire for fame. The second type encompasses those who seek publicity and attention, such as celebrities in the entertainment industry, politicians, or individuals who achieve notoriety overnight. Do you think, to be famous, a person needs to have some special talent (or ability)? Not necessarily. While extraordinary talents certainly contribute to fame, it is not the only route to becoming well-known. Individuals can also gain fame through other attributes such as physical beauty, charisma, or charitable endeavors. Fame can be achieved through various means, not solely through exceptional abilities. What are some general qualities of famous people? Do they have any qualities that are different from ordinary people? Famous people often possess distinctive qualities such as exceptional talent or charisma that set them apart from the average person. However, they can also share common traits with ordinary individuals, such as kindness or attractiveness. For instance, while some may attain fame through talent, others might do so through beauty or philanthropic efforts, which are qualities that can be cultivated or enhanced. Compare how people become celebrities today with how people became celebrities years ago, for example, 30 or 50 years ago. The process of becoming a celebrity has dramatically changed with technological advancements. Today, social media platforms and digital technology allow individuals to gain fame almost instantaneously. In contrast, 30 to 50 years ago, becoming famous typically required appearing on television, radio, or through other traditional media channels, which often involved a more prolonged process. Can you give me some examples of celebrities in your grandfather's time (i.e., about 50 years ago)? Certainly. About 50 years ago, iconic figures included actress Marilyn Monroe, rock star Elvis Presley, and the legendary band The Beatles. These celebrities were renowned for their significant contributions to entertainment and popular culture during their time. Compare what kinds of people were famous in China in the past (e.g., when your grandfather was young) to the kinds of people who are famous today. In my grandfather’s era, fame in China was typically associated with individuals who made significant contributions to society or displayed exceptional talents. Today, the landscape of fame has evolved with the rise of social media. Nowadays, individuals can gain notoriety through viral content, regardless of its nature, leading to a broader and sometimes less traditional definition of fame. In your opinion, were the standards for judging who is famous better before than they are now? From my perspective, the criteria for fame in the past were more rigorous and focused on meaningful achievements. Historically, fame was often the result of significant contributions or talents. In contrast, today's standards can be influenced by more superficial or transient factors, such as viral content or controversial behavior, which may not always reflect lasting merit or substance.

Do you think animals have feelings and rights? (Why?/Why not?) Absolutely, I believe animals have both feelings and rights. For instance, the story of Hachiko, the loyal dog who waited for his deceased owner for years, is a testament to the emotional depth animals can exhibit. Such profound loyalty indicates that animals are capable of complex emotions. Furthermore, it is crucial that animals are granted rights to safeguard them from mistreatment. Establishing clear legal protections ensures that human behavior towards animals is regulated and that their welfare is prioritized. Some people breed animals such as dogs for money. How do you feel about that? I have no objection to breeding animals for financial gain, provided it is done ethically. It’s important that the welfare of the animals is maintained throughout the process. There are breeders who are genuinely passionate about the well-being of their animals and ensure they are treated with care and respect. As long as the animals are not subjected to harm or neglect, breeding can be a legitimate practice. Do you think there should be laws to protect the welfare of pets and farm animals? (For example, laws against cruel treatment.) Why?/Why not? Certainly. Animals are inherently vulnerable and rely on human stewardship for their well-being. Laws designed to protect animals from cruelty and exploitation are essential because they address the power imbalance between humans and animals. Such regulations ensure that animals live free from unnecessary suffering and that those who mistreat them are held accountable for their actions. Are there any wild animals in your country that are not found in any other country? Yes, my country is home to several unique and endangered species. Notable examples include the Tonkin snub-nosed monkey, the Crested argus, and the Annamite black muntjac. These species are found only in specific regions of my country and are critical to our biodiversity. Are there any animal reserves in your country where wild animals can live in protection? Yes, there are numerous national parks and nature reserves dedicated to the protection of wildlife and their habitats. These reserves play a crucial role in conserving endangered species and maintaining ecological balance. They offer a safe environment where animals can thrive without the pressures of human encroachment. How do people feel about the protection of wild animals? Generally, there is a strong awareness and commitment towards wildlife conservation among the population. Many individuals, especially the younger generation, actively participate in conservation efforts. They engage in volunteer programs, raise awareness about illegal wildlife trade, and use social media to promote animal welfare. This growing consciousness reflects a widespread recognition of the importance of protecting wild animals. What do you think are some of the benefits to humans from protecting wild animals? Protecting wild animals offers significant benefits to humans. Firstly, it helps preserve ecosystems, which are intricate networks of interdependent species. The loss of even a single species can disrupt these systems, leading to broader environmental issues. Secondly, many medical advancements and treatments have been derived from substances produced by animals. Preserving wildlife ensures that we continue to have access to these valuable biological resources for research and medicine.

What are the differences between a new house and an old house? Well, houses that have been built more recently generally have more modern conveniences. They might have time-saving appliances like dishwashers and smart home systems. Moreover, newer homes are often constructed with better materials and techniques. For example, they often have superior insulation, which means they are warmer and drier, providing more comfort and better health for their occupants. How are people wasting energy at home? People waste energy around the house in numerous ways. I think, in most cases, it’s just because it’s easier to do nothing and it doesn’t seem like a major problem at the time. For example, someone might leave the lights on instead of switching them off when they leave a room. Another common lazy habit is leaving the tap running while brushing their teeth. Additionally, not unplugging devices when they are not in use can also waste a significant amount of energy. How can solar heaters help to save energy? Do you mean something like solar panels on the roof of the house? Solar power is a great way to conserve energy because instead of using electricity from the local grid, people can harness energy from the sun. This is especially important in countries where the power supply is not stable, meaning there are frequent power cuts. Solar heaters can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower electricity bills, making them both environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Is it important to conserve old buildings? Why? I do not think that it is particularly important to conserve old buildings. While it is true that they are part of our heritage, sometimes we need space for new developments. Old buildings are often larger in size and may not be used effectively. If modern structures are built to replace old buildings, these new constructions could accommodate more people. Furthermore, the space required for modern buildings is generally smaller, leaving more room for other purposes. Although old buildings often have large gardens, these can be redesigned to complement the new structures, possibly enhancing their beauty. Is history useful for the coming generations? Why? This is a vital question. In my opinion, history is not as useful for the coming generations as it is often considered. While history helps people understand past issues and learn from different movements and revolutions, it primarily serves to make us aware of past mistakes to avoid repeating them. However, many historical practices or situations do not apply to current times. Therefore, while history has some value in raising awareness about our origins, it is less critical for the younger generation’s practical day-to-day life. What is the difference between houses built in the past and now? There are some basic differences between houses built in the past and those built today. Houses in the past were generally more spacious, with wide rooms and options for natural lighting. They were often one-storied with large rooftops and porches, allowing for gardening and open spaces. In contrast, modern houses are often multi-storied due to limited space, with less emphasis on large rooms and more on functionality. Modern homes also typically include underground garages and lack the green spaces that older homes had. What are the differences in sizes of houses? Why? Size matters significantly when building a house. In the past, there was more space available for building houses due to a smaller population. People had more land and built large houses with ample facilities. Today, with a significant increase in population, land is limited. This has led to the construction of smaller houses to accommodate the growing number of people. The fragmentation of land has resulted in smaller house sizes to maximize the use of available space. Do you prefer a big or a small house? Why? I prefer to live in a small house with specific conditions, such as modern amenities. I am accustomed to living in a small space, and a small room in a corner would be ideal for me. Large houses often have empty spaces, which I find unsettling, especially at night. Additionally, modern facilities are typically absent in large houses. Therefore, a small, modern house suits my preferences and lifestyle. Do you live in the city or in the countryside? What are the advantages and disadvantages of both areas? I live in the city and enjoy the modern lifestyle. The countryside is quiet, but it can be inconvenient for shopping, entertainment, and dining. While city living has its downsides, such as noise and pollution, the conveniences and opportunities available make it preferable for me. What type of house do you prefer? Why? Although I’m not an expert on architecture, I can easily distinguish between old and new houses in my hometown. Old houses usually have wooden frame structures, while modern ones are built with concrete and steel, making them sturdier. Old houses lack modern facilities like central heating and security systems. Despite the modern amenities in new houses, I prefer old ones because they give me a sense of being home. Should the state provide cheap housing for low-income earners? I believe it is the government's responsibility to provide housing, just as they should provide education and health services. This is one of the reasons why we pay taxes, to ensure that everyone has access to basic necessities, including affordable housing. To what extent does climate determine the kind of house we build? Climate significantly influences house design and construction. In countries with heavy snowfall, houses often have steep roofs to prevent snow accumulation and damage. In warmer climates, houses are typically built with verandahs to keep the sun out of the rooms and provide a cool place to sit. What will houses in the future be like? It’s hard to predict exactly, but I believe houses in the future will be environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. For example, they will likely have equipment to convert solar energy into electricity. Electronic devices in these houses will depend on solar energy instead of electricity from power plants. Should we preserve old buildings? It depends. We should strive to protect buildings of historical interest, such as museums or temples, because they are our cultural heritage and provide insight into our architectural history. However, preserving every old building may not be practical or necessary. How do people in your country feel about old buildings? In India, old buildings are held in high esteem due to the country's deep-rooted cultural and historical traditions. These structures are often seen as symbols of our rich heritage and are respected for their historical significance. The preservation of iconic landmarks reflects our appreciation for architecture that has stood the test of time, and numerous folktales about their origins only enhance their allure. Do old people and young people in your country have the same attitudes towards old buildings? There is a notable generational divide in attitudes towards old buildings in India. Older individuals tend to have a profound respect for these structures, as they evoke memories of the past and reflect historical continuity. They often view old buildings with nostalgia and reverence. In contrast, younger generations may not always share this sentiment, as they are often more focused on modernity and may perceive these structures as outdated or irrelevant to their contemporary lifestyles. Is it important to preserve old buildings? Absolutely. Preserving old buildings is crucial for maintaining our cultural and historical heritage. These structures serve as tangible links to our past and are valuable for educational and cultural purposes. Moreover, they provide a sense of nostalgia and continuity, offering a respite from the fast-paced modern life and allowing people to connect with the past. What aspect of culture do old buildings reflect? Old buildings often reflect the cultural and religious values of their time. In India, many ancient structures are tied to religious practices, such as temples and shrines, which embody the architectural styles and spiritual beliefs of past eras. Additionally, these buildings reveal aspects of daily life and social organization, such as agricultural practices and communal living, particularly in rural areas where traditional homes and farms are still present. How do old buildings affect the appearance of a place? The impact of old buildings on a location can be quite profound. Well-maintained and aesthetically pleasing old buildings enhance the visual appeal of an area, adding character and elegance. They often become focal points for tourism and cultural activities. Conversely, dilapidated buildings can create a somber atmosphere and contribute to the overall decline of an area, making effective maintenance and restoration essential. What benefits can people get from old buildings? Old buildings offer numerous benefits, both tangible and intangible. They contribute to a peaceful and reflective atmosphere, providing a contrast to the bustling modern environment. Furthermore, they serve as cultural and historical artifacts, offering insights into our heritage. When well-preserved, they attract tourism, which can boost local economies and support community development. Would you say buildings in the past were better than those of today, or those of today are better than those in the past? Both past and present buildings have their own merits. Modern construction techniques have undoubtedly improved structural integrity and safety, resulting in more durable and functional buildings. However, ancient structures, such as the Great Pyramid of Giza, continue to awe with their ingenuity and craftsmanship, representing a level of artistry and skill that remains unmatched. Each era's buildings reflect the technological and artistic standards of their time. Do you think it's worth the money to preserve old buildings? While preserving old buildings is important, it’s essential to allocate resources judiciously. Governments should balance the preservation of valuable historical structures with the need for urban development. While some antiquated buildings may be less relevant in a modern context, those with significant historical or cultural value should be preserved, while others may be demolished to make way for necessary infrastructure. How have buildings changed in the past few years? In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards constructing high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, driven by advancements in engineering and materials. Modern architecture tends to favor simplicity and functionality, utilizing materials like concrete, steel, and glass. This contrasts with the intricate designs of older buildings, which often featured materials like stone, wood, and bamboo, and reflected more elaborate aesthetic principles. Vocabulary: Modern conveniences: Contemporary appliances and features that make life easier. Time-saving appliances: Devices designed to reduce the time spent on household tasks. Superior insulation: Advanced materials used to prevent heat loss and maintain temperature. Occupants: People living in a house. Subconsciously: Without being fully aware. Entice: Attract or tempt. Fossil fuels: Natural fuels like coal or gas. Heritage: Valued objects and qualities passed down from previous generations. Materialistic: Excessively concerned with material possessions. Multistoried: Buildings with multiple floors. Fragmentation: Breaking into smaller parts. Spacious: Having ample space. Ample: More than enough; plentiful. Verandahs: Roofed platforms along the outside of a house. Environmentally friendly: Not harmful to the environment. Energy-efficient: Using less energy to provide the same service. Architectural history: The study of buildings and their construction through time.

Which do you prefer? Having plans or having no plans? I have a strong inclination towards being organized and prepared for upcoming challenges. Drawing up a plan in advance equips one with the foresight needed when unexpected situations arise or when things don’t go according to plan. Without a plan, individuals can feel disoriented and lack a fallback strategy in the face of adversity. However, it’s important to avoid excessive detail. A broad outline of what’s going to happen and how a plan can be adapted is sufficient to address potential issues. Overly detailed plans can be thwarted by unforeseen external circumstances, so a more flexible approach is often more practical. Do you think most people can carry out their plans? In my opinion, only a minority of people manage to execute their plans effectively. It’s worth noting that many individuals set up their plans in an idealized manner, often failing to account for external factors that might impede their success. When plans don’t materialize as expected, people may find themselves at a dead end, unsure of how to proceed. This is often due to inflexibility and a lack of experience rather than the plan itself being flawed. Ultimately, what is most important is one’s ability and experience in turning intentions into reality, not merely having a well-prepared plan. What’s the difference between a dream and a goal? In my view, the primary difference between a dream and a goal lies in determination and persistence. A goal requires commitment and sustained effort; when you are dedicated to achieving something, you invest time and resources into it. Conversely, a dream is often something one wishes for but lacks the motivation to pursue actively. While a dream may remain a distant aspiration due to inaction, a goal is actively pursued with concrete steps and efforts to realize it. In general, do you think planning is important? I am personally an avid planner, although I sometimes struggle to adhere strictly to my original plans. The old adage “fail to plan, plan to fail” holds true; even if I often end up deviating from my schedule, I find that planning helps me organize my thoughts and set clear objectives. Without any form of planning, one might flounder without making meaningful progress toward goals or advancing in their career. Therefore, maintaining a schedule and setting personal goals through planning is crucial for personal and professional development. Do you think people should make highly detailed plans or just general plans? There are no strict rules regarding whether plans should be highly detailed or general, as this depends on individual preferences and the time frame of the plans. Short-term plans might benefit from more detail, while long-term plans could be more general. Detailed plans can provide a clear roadmap to achieve specific goals within a set period. On the other hand, general plans offer a broader direction and allow for flexibility. Ultimately, the approach should align with the purpose of the plan and the individual's needs. What type of people likes to make plans? From my observations, individuals who are driven to maximize their time and take control of their lives tend to be meticulous planners. Many people struggle with maintaining focus and lack clarity about their current situation. Such individuals often use planning as a tool to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals. Planners understand that in order to accomplish anything significant, whether big or small, having a structured plan and putting in effort are essential. Consequently, many successful people are those who take the time to organize their thoughts and plan strategically. Why do you think some people like to make plans? Some people appreciate the process of planning due to the numerous benefits it offers. Planning helps clarify goals, develop strategies, and stay on track. Even if plans occasionally go awry, having a plan in place often helps individuals return to their intended path. Without planning, one might feel adrift in a sea of trivial decisions, making it difficult to achieve meaningful progress. Do you think it’s important for a person to have a career plan? Absolutely. Having a career plan is crucial, and it’s a common topic in job interviews, where candidates are expected to demonstrate their commitment and foresight. A well-defined career plan not only reflects one’s passion for their chosen field but also helps in setting a clear trajectory for future growth. For those without a career plan, it’s important to seek clarity about their professional aspirations and develop a strategy to achieve their long-term goals. How do most people plan their future education and their future career? (What factors?) Typically, people begin by focusing on foundational steps, such as improving their academic performance. To secure a place at a prestigious university, students often work on obtaining strong academic records and recommendations. They may also start saving for tuition early on. Regarding career planning, students usually outline steps to achieve their dream job, which might include finding internships or part-time work to gain relevant experience and build their resumes. Do you think it’s important for young people to get advice from their parents when planning a career? Yes, it is indeed important. Parents, with their wealth of experience and wisdom, can provide valuable guidance in career planning. Young people, often fresh from their studies, might lack practical knowledge and face challenges in identifying a career that aligns with their skills and ambitions. Parents can offer insights and support, helping to navigate the complexities of career choices and ensuring that their children make informed decisions about their future.library.”

What is your opinion of modern education (in school)? Modern education has increasingly incorporated technology into the classroom. For instance, at universities, lecturers use computers and projectors to deliver lessons, and students often study from slides provided by their educators. Work is frequently submitted online, and e-books and mobile applications are used instead of traditional textbooks. This technological approach is likely to filter down to secondary schools as well. What school subjects do you think are most important (in primary school or high school)? (Why are they important?) In primary school, Literacy and Math are the most important subjects. They help children develop basic skills such as calculation, analysis, and the ability to express their thoughts. Without proficiency in these areas, children may struggle with communication and logical thinking. Literacy and Math form the foundation for all other learning. What school subject do you think will be the most useful in adult life (or, most useful for society)? Literacy is arguably the most useful subject for adult life. It teaches critical thinking, proper writing, and effective expression of thoughts. While advanced Mathematics, Physics, or Chemistry are valuable, they are less frequently applied in daily life unless one pursues a related career. Literacy, on the other hand, is essential in both personal and professional contexts, making it of prime importance throughout life. Which subjects do you think should be optional and which should be compulsory? Subjects that require natural ability, such as music and art, should be optional, as not everyone has an aptitude for them. Compulsory subjects should include natural sciences and aspects of literature that teach writing and expressing ideas, as these support critical thinking, calculation, and analysis skills. In some countries, learning additional languages should also be compulsory to facilitate communication with a diverse world. What are the advantages of studying computing in high school? Studying computing in high school is highly advantageous. Technology and computers are integral to almost every aspect of modern life. Learning computing gives students the opportunity to keep up with technological advancements and better prepares them for future careers, as many jobs now require computer skills. In the west, (upper) high school students are allowed to choose many of the subjects they study. Do you think that would be a good idea? It depends. Allowing students to choose subjects could benefit those who have clear career goals, as they can select courses relevant to their future plans. This approach can also foster independence and determination. However, it might disadvantage students who are unsure of their future direction, potentially preventing them from studying subjects that could become important or interesting later. How are educational priorities today different from those in the past? Today, there is a higher priority placed on education than in the past, reflecting the need for specialist knowledge and skills in the modern workforce. Education now emphasizes technology use more than before. Students must be both literate and computer-literate to succeed in today's world. What is your opinion on the way languages are taught in schools? I find the current approach too passive. Many schools focus excessively on grammar and vocabulary, neglecting speaking, listening, and writing skills. As a result, students often speak without intonation, have pronunciation issues, and struggle with conversation and writing. Specialized schools are exceptions, but generally, students' practical language skills could be improved. What changes do you think will happen in the classroom in the near future? Future classrooms are likely to integrate more technology. Education technology is on the rise, and it may become ubiquitous in the coming years. The role of the teacher might be reduced, and physical classrooms could be replaced by virtual ones, allowing for more flexible and technologically advanced learning environments. Vocabulary: Incorporate (v): To include as part of something. Example: The textbook incorporates all the latest information on climate change. Educator (n): A person whose job is to teach or educate people. Example: Modern educators prefer a different approach to teaching reading. Submit (v): To give a document, proposal, etc., to somebody in authority for consideration. Example: Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March. Hand something in (phrasal verb): To submit something. Example: You must all hand in your projects by the end of next week. Filter down (phrasal verb): To move slowly down to lower levels of an organization or system. Example: During the day, the news that the company was going to close filtered down to the employees. Literacy (n): The ability to read and write. Example: The rate of literacy in the country is improving. Analyze (v): To examine the nature or structure of something to understand or explain it. Example: He tried to analyze her feelings and finally managed to understand what she wanted. Foundation (n): A principle, idea, or fact that something is based on. Example: Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage. Prime (adj): Main; most important; basic. Example: The care of the environment is of prime importance. Aptitude (n): Natural ability or skill at doing something. Example: She showed an aptitude for the work and was promoted after several months. Critical thinking (n): The process of analyzing information in an objective way to make a judgment about it. Example: The school encourages critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Go on (phrasal verb): Happen or take place. Example: I often check the news on the internet to know what’s going on in the world. Realize (v): To achieve something important that you want to do. Example: She never realized her ambition of becoming a singer. Say (in something) (n): The right to influence something by giving your opinion before a decision is made. Example: We had no say in the decision to sell the company. Boost (v): To make something increase or become better or more successful. Example: The movie helped boost her screen career with several prizes and TV commercials. Potential (adj): Capable of developing into something in the future. Example: First we need to identify actual and potential problems, then we may find solutions. Computer-literate (adj): Able to use computers well. Example: She is highly computer-literate and now teaches others to use computers. Apparent (adj): Obvious. Example: It was apparent from her face that she was upset. Pay attention to (expression): To listen to, look at, or think about something carefully. Example: The teacher asked her students to pay full attention to what she was saying. Neglect (v): To not give enough attention to something. Example: She has neglected her studies and only focused on playing. Specialized (adj): Designed or developed for a particular purpose or area of knowledge. Example: The course is very specialized; only psychologists are allowed to attend it. Intonation (n): The rise and fall of the voice in speaking, affecting the meaning of what is said. Example: In English, some questions have a rising intonation. Strike up (phrasal verb): To begin a friendship, relationship, or conversation. Example: He often strikes up conversations with complete strangers. Come up with (phrasal verb): To find or produce an answer or idea. Example: She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. Decent (adj): Of a good enough standard or quality. Example: I need a decent night’s sleep as I have been staying up late recently. To come (idiom): In the future. Example: They may regret the decision in years to come. Eliminate (v): To remove or get rid of something. Example: The police have eliminated two suspects from their investigation. Virtual (adj): Made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, such as on the Internet. Example: New technology has enabled the development of an online “virtual library.”

How can people learn about history? Knowledge is one of the most precious treasures, and fortunately, it is easily accessible and widespread around the world thanks to the advent of technology. For people who are passionate about history, there are many ways to trace back time and learn about historical events. The most traditional and authentic way is to visit museums where hundreds of ancient pieces are on display and historical movies are shown for the public to visually immerse in the events. Furthermore, historical websites and virtual courses are also available for anyone who misses history class or has no time for museums. Most of them are incredibly informative and carefully revised by experts, so you may find them helpful. Will museums be replaced by technology someday? Even if I can’t tell for sure at the moment, I don’t think it would be a smart move to replace everything with technology, including museums. Museums are not merely historical institutions for artifacts and objects collected over time but are also considered national landmarks and public treasures that can hardly be replaced. The Louvre in Paris or the British Museum in London are iconic features that attract hundreds of visitors every year to learn about history as well as the architecture itself. Without them, these cities would surely not be as appealing, and citizens would have one less phenomenal educational place. Are history museums useful? It would definitely be a yes, in my opinion. First and foremost, history museums are where most historical objects are displayed with thorough information about their significance and usage. Students who find history classes tedious and too theoretical can become more enthusiastic with such authentic experiences. Besides, museums are open to the public with reasonable ticket fees, which not only helps preserve their best condition but also attracts tourists to the city. Finally, these institutions are interesting places to hang out with friends and family or meet new people, nurturing relationships in a positive way. Should museums be free? I am partly on board with the idea that people should be charged upon visiting museums, but carrying out that plan may result in some undesirable responses. Most museums are financially sponsored by governments for constant maintenance and renovation; however, the public also contributes to the preservation of these places with their spending on entrance tickets. Without that income, I believe museums could still function, though with some struggle. Many people might have second thoughts about visiting museums if they have to pay when there are other attractions without entrance fees. Therefore, whichever way authorities decide to go, both sides of the issue need to be considered. What is the importance of history? Do you think history is important? Definitely yes, history has a significant role to play in our daily lives. Through historical lessons, people become more aware of their ancestors’ achievements and therefore appreciate the freedom and peace they are enjoying. What is the importance of learning about history? Studying history enables us to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past. History is illuminating and allows us to understand how past human actions influence the present and the future. It teaches us many life lessons, helping us think more logically and make sound judgments about current and future events. History enlightens future generations. Do you think the internet is a good place to learn about history? It is true that the Internet is a good source of information and a means through which people can discover and learn more about past history. However, it’s quite unpopular among people nowadays as many young people merely see the internet as a place to relax. Therefore, TV programs or films might be better alternatives. Do you think people should be able to see historical exhibitions for free? Do you think museums should be free? To be honest, although charging a small entrance fee will provide organizers with funds to continue their operations and encourage artists to produce more decent works, people in my country seem to show little appreciation for artistic values. Therefore, local authorities might better let people enter for free to spark the public’s interest first. Once people are interested, a small admission fee could be considered later. Do people like visiting museums and art galleries? Not everyone enjoys going to museums. Most of my friends are not interested in art, but I have a great passion for it. After graduating, I began to enjoy visiting various art exhibits. Since then, I have made a few friends who are artists, and now they invite me to their galleries quite often. How can more people become interested in history? I’m not entirely sure, but I suppose the way history is taught at school could be improved and made more engaging. For example, instead of simply staying in the classroom, teachers could take students out more to visit historical sites and places of historical relevance. Additionally, increasing the amount of history documentaries on TV could positively impact people’s interest in history. Would you say movies help people develop more interest in history? Yeah, I’d say they can, because movies are quite vivid and make history come alive. Many people might not be inclined to read a book about history, but they’d gladly watch a film about it since movies are more entertaining. So, generally speaking, movies do help people become more interested in history. Vocabulary: Precious (adj): Valuable or important and not to be wasted. The advent of something: The coming of an important event, person, invention, etc. Trace (v): To find the origin or cause of something. Be on display: Has been put in a place where everybody can see it. Immerse (v): To become or make somebody completely involved in something. Virtual (adj): Made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the Internet. Revise (v): To change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it. Merely (adv): Just; only. Institution (n): A large important organization that has a particular purpose, such as a university or bank. Artifact (n): An object made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest. Phenomenal (adj): Very great or impressive. First and foremost: More than anything else. Tedious (adj): Boring. Theoretical (adj): Concerned with the ideas and principles on which a subject is based, rather than with practice and experiment. Authentic (adj): True and accurate. Preserve (v): To keep something in its original state in good condition. Nurture (v): To help somebody/something develop and be successful. Maintenance (n): The act of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly. Renovation (n): The act or process of repairing and painting an old building, piece of furniture, etc., so that it is in good condition again. Contribute (v): To give something, especially money or goods, to help somebody/something. Take into consideration: To think about a particular fact or detail and allow it to have some influence when making a decision. Decent (adj): Good. Enlighten (v): To provide someone with information or understanding; to clarify. Come alive (v): To make something seem real and interesting.

Describe what you think is a healthy diet. A healthy diet is like a well-balanced orchestra, where every food group plays its part. It’s about mixing things up with fruits, veggies, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. The idea is to get enough calories to maintain a healthy weight and to make sure you’re not missing out on any essential nutrients. It’s about keeping things colorful on your plate and making sure you’re fueling your body with what it needs to thrive. Are there many vegetarians in your country? Why do you think some people choose to be vegetarians? Vegetarianism is gaining ground in my country, though it’s not the majority. Some folks choose this path out of concern for animal welfare, believing that killing animals for food is not right. Others go vegetarian for health reasons, thinking it’s a cleaner way to eat. Both reasons are valid. When you consider the impact of meat production on animals and the environment, and the health benefits of a plant-based diet, it’s clear why people are turning to veggies more often. Is the food that people eat today different from the food that people used to eat in the past? If yes, in what ways has it changed? Food has definitely evolved over time. Back in the day, people had a more limited selection, but they ate fresh, wholesome foods. These days, we’ve got a smorgasbord of international cuisines at our fingertips. However, it’s not all rosy; with the rise of processed foods and concerns about food safety, especially in developing regions, the quality of what we eat has taken a hit. So while we enjoy more variety, it’s a mixed bag when it comes to health. Is 'fast food' popular in your country? Absolutely, fast food is a big hit these days. With everyone’s hectic schedules—whether it’s working late hours or burning the midnight oil studying—people often don’t have the time to prepare a wholesome meal. So, grabbing a quick bite from a fast food joint becomes the norm. As a result, fast food is booming, but it’s a bit of a double-edged sword because it tends to be low on nutrition. More and more people are becoming overweight nowadays. What do you think might be the causes of this? The rise in obesity can be pinned on our fast-paced lifestyles. Many people are juggling long work hours or cramming for exams, which leaves little time for healthy eating. Fast food becomes a quick fix, and over time, this habit can lead to weight gain. The convenience often overshadows the nutritional downsides, making it a tough cycle to break. Do you or do people in your country generally prefer to eat at home or eat out? By and large, people in my country lean towards home-cooked meals. With food safety on everyone’s minds and a growing health consciousness, many prefer to buy fresh ingredients and cook at home. However, it’s not uncommon for busy folks to opt for dining out or ordering takeout when they’re swamped with work or other commitments. How important do you think it is for members of a family to eat together? Eating together is crucial. It’s like a family glue that helps strengthen bonds. Sitting down for a meal gives everyone a chance to catch up, share stories, and support one another. It’s a time to connect, offer advice, and create lasting memories. In the hustle and bustle of daily life, these shared meals can be a grounding force that keeps the family close. Why do some people not always eat with their family? There are several reasons for this. The most common one is the lack of time due to demanding work schedules or intense study commitments. For instance, a friend of mine spends so many hours studying that he barely has time to sit down for a meal with his family. Modern life’s fast pace often means that family meals take a back seat to other responsibilities. Why do you think people go to restaurants when they want to celebrate something? People often choose to go to restaurants for celebrations because it provides a special experience that differs from dining at home. Restaurants offer a unique ambiance and a change of scenery, which can enhance the festive mood. Additionally, dining out allows people to enjoy a variety of dishes that they might not prepare at home, adding to the celebratory experience. It also simplifies logistics; hosting a large gathering at home can be challenging, whereas restaurants can accommodate groups with less hassle for the host. The convenience and quality of service make restaurants an attractive option for marking special occasions. Which are more popular in your country: fast food restaurants or traditional restaurants? The popularity of fast food versus traditional restaurants often depends on the demographic and occasion. Fast food restaurants are particularly popular among younger people, students, and those seeking quick and affordable meals. In contrast, traditional restaurants are favored by working professionals and those seeking a more refined dining experience. Traditional restaurants are typically chosen for family gatherings or special occasions where the quality of food and dining atmosphere are more important. Why do you think that is? Fast food is generally more affordable and convenient, which appeals to those with limited time or budget. It provides a quick solution for a meal without the need for extensive preparation or service. On the other hand, traditional restaurants often offer a higher quality dining experience, including a more diverse menu and a pleasant ambiance, which makes them a preferred choice for leisurely meals and special occasions. Some people say that food in an expensive restaurant is always better than food in a cheap restaurant – would you agree? Not necessarily. While expensive restaurants often provide a higher standard of service and ambiance, this does not always guarantee that the food is superior. From personal experience, I’ve found that I’ve enjoyed meals in more affordable restaurants just as much as those in high-end establishments. The quality of food can vary widely, and sometimes, cheaper restaurants offer unexpectedly delightful dishes. Do you think there will be a greater choice of food available in shops in the future, or will there be less choice? I believe there will be a greater variety of food available in the future. The increasing globalization, advancements in technology, and improved transportation networks are expanding access to diverse ingredients and cuisines. This trend has been evident over the years, and as these factors continue to develop, the range of food options in shops and restaurants is likely to increase. What effects has modern technology had on the way food is produced? Modern technology has significantly transformed food production. Innovations in agricultural techniques, such as advanced irrigation and precision farming, have increased efficiency and yields. Additionally, food processing technologies allow for longer preservation, improved safety, and the creation of new products. The ability to transport ingredients globally and the development of culinary equipment have also expanded the variety and quality of food available. How important is it for a country to be able to grow all the food it needs, without importing any from other countries? While self-sufficiency in food production would strengthen a country’s economic independence and security, it is often impractical due to factors like climate, soil conditions, and resource limitations. Most countries will rely on some degree of food imports to meet their needs. However, achieving a high level of self-sufficiency can reduce dependence on foreign markets and enhance national security. Countries often balance domestic production with strategic imports to ensure food security and economic stability. Domestic Food production What are some of the main food products that your country produces? Australia is heavily reliant on agriculture, and as a result, it produces a wide range of food products. Key agricultural products include wheat, oats, barley, maize, canola, sorghum, field peas, lentils, lupins, and sunflower seeds. In addition, Australia has significant animal food industries, with beef, lamb, and pork being major outputs. Dairy products are also notable, with numerous dairy farms across the country. Most agricultural production occurs in rural areas due to the large land requirements and the lack of irrigation facilities in urban environments. What are some food products that come from different parts of your country? Food products in Australia often come from various regions. For example, New South Wales is a major producer of wheat, while Tasmania is known for its oat production. Dairy farms and animal food industries are dispersed throughout the country, with beef cattle being raised in various regions. The diversity in production locations helps meet national demand and allows for a distribution system that supplies urban areas with fresh and processed foods from different parts of the country. What widely consumed food products are mainly imported into your country? Australia imports several food products to meet consumer demand. Common imports include fruits, processed fruits, seafood, and a variety of vegetables. Despite substantial domestic vegetable production, the high consumption levels necessitate imports. Processed fruits, in particular, are widely consumed but are not produced domestically in large quantities, making them a significant import. Do you think it's important that a country is self-sufficient in food? While complete self-sufficiency in food production is often impractical due to geographical and climatic limitations, striving for a high degree of self-sufficiency is beneficial. It reduces reliance on imports and can help stabilize food prices. However, global trade remains essential for acquiring products that cannot be produced locally. A balanced approach that combines domestic production with strategic imports can ensure food security and economic stability. Besides food and the products you mentioned earlier, what else is made in your country? Australia produces a variety of other goods, including wool, sugar cane, poultry, and nuts. Wool is a major export product, particularly from the lamb industry. Poultry farms meet domestic demand for chicken and other poultry products. Additionally, apples are a significant fruit crop, with large areas of land dedicated to their production. Despite occasional challenges such as droughts, Australia remains a leading producer of dairy and agricultural products. Do you think the globalization of industry and commerce is a good thing? Globalization of industry and commerce has both positive and negative aspects. On one hand, it can lead to increased efficiency, access to international markets, and the spread of technology. On the other hand, it can erode local industries and diminish the uniqueness of traditional products. The impact of globalization can vary depending on the sector and the ability of local industries to adapt and compete in a global market. Do you think every country should make everything it needs, or should it import some things? It is generally impractical for any country to produce everything it needs due to factors like climate, resource availability, and economic considerations. While achieving a high level of self-sufficiency is desirable, most countries benefit from a mix of domestic production and imports. Producing essential goods locally while importing those that cannot be efficiently produced helps balance economic needs and ensures a stable supply of diverse products. What are the disadvantages of a country producing everything it needs? Producing everything a country needs can have several drawbacks. It may lead to inefficiencies and higher costs if certain goods are more expensive to produce domestically than to import. Additionally, complete self-sufficiency could reduce international trade relationships and limit access to products that are not available or are less efficiently produced locally. This isolation could impact economic growth and innovation, as well as create challenges in maintaining competitive prices and product variety. Eating Habits: Tell me about the types of food that people eat in your country. In Greece, our cuisine is renowned for its rich flavors and use of fresh ingredients. Olive oil is a staple, frequently used in cooking to add both taste and health benefits. Common foods include a variety of grains, breads (both loaves and dried varieties), and meats such as pork, rabbit, and poultry. Fish is also widely enjoyed, reflecting our Mediterranean diet. Typical dishes are seasoned with herbs, lemon juice, and yogurt. Cheese, olives, and honey are integral to many recipes, while desserts often feature nuts and honey. How are the eating habits now in your country different from eating habits in the past? Eating habits in Greece have evolved significantly over time. Traditionally, meals were simpler, focusing on herbs, limited meats, and basic breads. However, modern lifestyles have introduced new influences and changes. Today, Greeks often eat out due to busy schedules, especially for lunch, which was not as common in the past. Additionally, global cuisines and convenience foods have become more prevalent, diversifying the traditional Greek diet. How healthy is your country’s food? Greek food is generally very healthy. The emphasis on fresh ingredients like vegetables, olive oil, and lean meats, coupled with a focus on hygiene and nutrition, ensures that our cuisine is both nutritious and safe. Greek restaurants maintain high standards of food preparation, contributing to the overall healthiness of our dishes. At home, the attention to detail in food preparation is even stricter, ensuring that Greek food remains a healthy choice. Why do you think different cultures have different table manners? Table manners vary widely across cultures due to historical, geographical, and practical reasons. For example, in many Asian cultures, eating with fingers or chopsticks is common due to the nature of their cuisine, which often includes smaller, bite-sized pieces. In contrast, European cultures typically use forks, spoons, and knives, as their foods often require cutting. These differences reflect the types of foods consumed and the traditional practices of each region. How may eating habits change in the coming decades? As lifestyles become increasingly hectic, it's likely that eating habits will continue to evolve. In Greece, this may mean a shift towards more convenient food options such as fast food and ready-made meals. The traditional, time-intensive preparation methods may become less common as people seek quicker dining solutions. This shift could lead to changes in the types of foods consumed and how they are prepared. Vocabulary: Healthy diet (noun): A diet that helps to maintain or improve overall health. Assortment (noun): A group or set of things of various types. Animal welfare (noun): Good care and living conditions for animals. Antibiotics (noun): Drugs that cure illnesses and infections caused by bacteria. Livestock (noun): Animals such as cows, sheep, and pigs that are kept on farms. Year-round (adj): Happening, continuing, or available throughout the whole year. Produce (noun): Food or other things that are grown in large quantities to be sold. Culinary (adj): Relating to food and how to cook it. Hygiene (noun): The practice of keeping yourself and the things around you clean to prevent illness and disease. Fat-free (adj): Containing no fat. Low-fat (adj): Containing only a small amount of fat. Veggie (noun): A vegetable. Hectic (adj): Full of busy activity. Entry-level job (phrase): A job at the lowest level in a company or organization. Refined sugar (noun): Sugar that comes from sugar cane or sugar beets and is processed to extract the sugar. Fat (noun): Substances in food that are high in calories. High in (adj): Containing a lot of something. Addictive (adj): Causing or tending to cause addiction; habit-forming. Hypertension (noun): Abnormally high blood pressure. Orchestra (n): A large group of musicians who play different types of instruments together, usually led by a conductor. In this context, it refers to a well-coordinated arrangement of different food groups. Smorgasbord (n): A wide variety of food; a buffet with many different dishes. Used here to describe the range of international cuisines available. Mixed bag (idiom): A situation or thing that has both positive and negative aspects. Double-edged sword (idiom): Something that has both positive and negative effects. Pin something on (phrasal verb): To attribute or assign something as the cause of a problem. Swamped (adj): Overwhelmed or very busy with work or other responsibilities. Leaning towards (phrase): Preferring or showing a tendency to choose something. Food safety (n): The practices and conditions that preserve the quality of food to prevent contamination and illness. Hustle and bustle (idiom): The busy and noisy activity of everyday life. Grounding force (n): An element that provides stability or keeps things in place. Commitments (n): Responsibilities or obligations that require time and effort. Leaning towards (phrase): Having a preference for or showing a tendency to favor something.

Do you think people’s relationships with their neighbors today are the same as they were in the past? It’s noticeable that relationships among people in modern society have significantly altered over the last few decades, and I reckon that it’s a positive change. Most people are no longer as friendly and helpful as they used to be without expecting something in return, especially in urban neighborhoods. If you could easily run into a small group of women gathering to chat about trivial matters many years ago, it probably takes you a while, if not forever, to find one in the city nowadays. People live in their own world with limited contact with their neighbors. Do you think it’s important to have a good relationship with one’s neighbors? My philosophy is to maintain good relationships with everyone I spend time and effort making friends with, and neighbors are one of them. Better is a neighbor who is near than a brother far away. In some circumstances, even a blood relative may not be as helpful as your next-door buddy. For example, if you go on vacation for a few weeks and live alone, who is going to watch out for your apartment better than your neighbor? Even if you don’t need their help, having someone nearby to talk to and have fun with is wonderful enough. How can people improve relationships with their neighbors? The key to any lasting relationship is sincerity. You don’t have to overdo or change yourself to promote a perfect friend-next-door image but be true and confident in your own skin. Smiling and saying hello to your neighbors can be the simplest way to make friends and initiate a conversation. You cannot actually improve relationships with your neighbors if you don’t have one. Additionally, people should make an effort to engage in neighborhood activities such as street parties or knitting classes, whichever you find captivating, to widen your network and share memories. What makes a neighborhood a good one to live in? When it comes to an ideal neighborhood, each person has their own expectations. To me, a good place to live includes a low crime rate, which gives people a sense of ease and calm. It would trouble anyone living in an area if they didn’t feel secure every time they went for a walk due to the fear of robbery. Another factor is entertainment and outdoor activities. For an active resident like me, being close to fitness centers and swimming pools to exercise and relax during spare time is fantastic. Lastly, excellent restaurants make a neighborhood a must-stay place, as many people have a habit of dining out due to a lack of time for cooking. Do you think it’s important to know your neighbors? If yes: Yeah, I suppose it is, because I think it helps create a good community spirit if we know our neighbors. In other words, it gives the neighborhood a nice, friendly feel instead of a cold, unwelcoming one, if you know what I mean! If no: No, I wouldn’t really say it is, because for me, friends and family are enough. I mean, in my case, I don’t spend nearly enough time with my family as it is, so I can’t really see the need to get to know my neighbors as well. And this probably goes for a lot of people, not just me. What sorts of problems can people have with their neighbors? One of the main problems is noise. For example, loud music or a TV turned up too high can be a major complaint. Another issue could be pets. Many neighbors with dogs do not keep them on a leash, which can be quite inconsiderate, as some people are afraid of dogs. In what ways can neighbors help each other? Neighbors can help each other in many ways, such as babysitting, looking after pets while you’re away, and keeping a spare house key for emergencies. It’s these small acts of kindness that can strengthen community bonds. What are the differences between neighbors and friends? Neighbors are those who live geographically near you, while friends are people attached to you by affection or esteem. Friends don’t have to be near you, but they are always there for you in one way or another. Do you think neighbors are important? I think neighbors are very important because they are people you interact with practically every day. If you ever have a problem, you may need to ask a neighbor for help since they are right nearby. If you’re new to an area, you can ask a neighbor where to find things. They are also right there if you are in danger, and knowing they are nearby might make you feel stronger or less afraid. What are the qualities of a good neighbor? The most important quality of a good neighbor is friendliness. For example, saying “Hello” when you see each other is a good virtue. I often speak to my neighbors and try to be friendly because, one day, if I feel lonely and sad, having been friendly to my neighbors means they will be friendly to me and cheer me up. Patience and honesty are also key. If I make noise and disturb them, I’d like them to remain calm and just tell me that the noise is bothering them. Good neighbors should also be polite and avoid unnecessary disturbances. Vocabulary: Significantly (adv): in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticed. Alter (v): to become different; to make somebody/something different. Reckon (v): to think something or have an opinion about something. In return: as a way of thanking somebody or paying them for something they have done. Sincerity (n): the quality of showing or saying what you really think or feel. Overdo (v): to do something too much; to exaggerate something. Initiate (v): to make something begin. Engage in something (phrasal verb): to take part in something; to make somebody take part in something. Crime rate: the ratio of crimes in an area to the population of that area. Secure (a): able to avoid being harmed by any risk, danger, or threat. Kind of (phrase spoken): use as a filler in speaking; when talking about someone or something in a general way without being very exact or definite. Community spirit (collocation): friendliness and understanding between local people. Get to know (phrase): to spend time with someone or something so that you gradually learn more about him, her, or it. On a lead/leash (phrase): a long narrow piece of leather, chain, etc., fastened to a dog’s collar to control it. The American word is "leash". Inconsiderate (adj): not thinking about other people and their feelings. Look after (phrasal verb): to take care of someone or something. Attached to (adj): liking someone very much, or loving them. Affection (noun): a feeling of liking and caring about someone or something. Esteem (noun): a feeling of admiration and respect for someone. In danger (phrase): a situation in which harm, death, damage, or destruction is possible. Virtue (noun): a good quality or habit that a person has. Cheer someone up (phrasal verb): to make someone feel less sad. Lose temper (phrase): to suddenly become angry.

Do you think films about real-life events should be 100% true to the actual facts? While factual accuracy is important, a bit of artistic license is acceptable in filmmaking. Filmmakers often need to dramatize events to engage the audience and convey emotions effectively. As long as the essence of the story remains true and the deviations do not distort historical facts significantly, a balance between cinematic storytelling and historical accuracy can be achieved. It's about striking a delicate balance between entertainment and staying true to the actual events. Is going to the cinema to watch a movie popular in your country? Yes, going to the cinema is quite popular in my country. It provides a communal experience that people enjoy, from the excitement of seeing a new release to the large screens and high-quality sound systems that enhance the viewing experience. Cinemas often show the latest blockbusters, which attract large audiences. What kinds of films are popular in your country? The popularity of films can vary, but generally, action movies, comedies, and romantic films are very popular. Superhero films and high-budget blockbusters tend to draw large crowds, while local films that reflect cultural themes and traditions also have a strong following. Historical and biographical films have also gained popularity in recent years. Do many people enjoy watching foreign films in your country? Yes, many people enjoy watching foreign films. International cinema, especially from Hollywood and other major film industries, has a significant audience here. Foreign films often bring different perspectives and storytelling styles that attract diverse viewers. Subtitled versions are common, making it easier for people to access and appreciate films from various countries. Do you think it’s better to have subtitles or dubbing in a foreign film? It depends on the preferences of the viewer. Subtitles allow audiences to hear the original dialogue and maintain the authenticity of the film's language and performances. Dubbing, on the other hand, can make the film more accessible to those who prefer not to read subtitles or have difficulty understanding them. Both methods have their merits, but subtitles are often preferred for maintaining the original audio and emotional nuances. What does it take for a film to become successful? Several factors contribute to a film's success, including a compelling story, strong performances, high production values, and effective marketing. A film's success also depends on its ability to resonate with audiences, whether through emotional engagement, entertainment value, or cultural relevance. Positive reviews and word-of-mouth can further boost a film's popularity. Which do you think are more important to the success of a film: the director or the stars? Both the director and the stars are crucial to a film's success, but their importance can vary depending on the project. A talented director can shape the film’s vision, storytelling, and overall quality, while well-known stars can attract audiences and add credibility to the film. Ultimately, a balance of both a skilled director and compelling actors often leads to the best outcomes. Are drama series popular in your country? Yes, drama series are popular and widely watched. They often explore complex characters and storylines over multiple episodes, which can engage viewers more deeply. Both local and international drama series find large audiences, and streaming platforms have made it easier for people to access and enjoy a wide range of dramas. Do you think people prefer watching films at home or in the cinema? Preferences can vary, but many people enjoy the experience of watching films at home for the convenience and comfort it offers. Home viewing allows for flexible scheduling and a more relaxed atmosphere. However, cinemas still attract viewers who seek a more immersive experience with high-quality visuals and sound, as well as the social aspect of watching films with others. Are there any films which are not suitable for children to watch? Yes, there are definitely films that are not suitable for children. These often include films with explicit content, such as intense violence, strong language, or mature themes. Ratings systems and parental guidance help determine which films are appropriate for different age groups, ensuring that children are not exposed to content that is beyond their understanding or maturity level. Do you think watching films has educational benefits? Absolutely. Films can be educational in several ways. For instance, romantic films can teach viewers about the values of love, honesty, and faithfulness, helping them appreciate these virtues and respect others. Additionally, films often serve as an educational tool in schools, where both documentaries and narrative films can provide insights into history, social issues, or scientific concepts. History, for example, becomes more engaging and accessible when presented through movies. In what ways are documentary films and films purely for entertainment different? Documentary films and entertainment films differ primarily in their purposes. Documentaries are valuable sources of information and tools for conveying social messages. They often address serious issues, such as homosexuality, and encourage open discussions. Entertainment films, on the other hand, are primarily designed to provide relaxation and amusement. They usually focus on relationships and scenarios meant to entertain rather than inform. Why do you think documentary films are not so popular? Documentary films often face lower popularity compared to entertainment films because they require viewers to engage critically with current issues rather than just providing an escape from everyday life. For instance, the documentary series "Prison Life - Love in Prison" explores complex topics like prison relationships, offering educational and emotional insights but lacking the entertainment value of other genres. Documentaries are more focused on education and less on entertainment, which can limit their appeal. How are movies and real life different? Movies differ significantly from real life. While movies follow scripted stories with planned narratives, real life is unscripted and full of unpredictability. Life has its ups and downs, with many unexpected twists and turns. However, real life also serves as a rich source of material for movies, illustrating how the two can inspire and influence each other. Do men and women like to watch the same kinds of films? Preferences for films can vary, but there are general trends. Men often enjoy action movies with intense scenes, such as "Fast and Furious," or sci-fi films with imaginative plots, like "Avatar." Women, on the other hand, may prefer romantic films or comedies with meaningful messages. However, these preferences are not rigid, and many people enjoy a wide range of genres regardless of gender. Do different age groups like the same kinds of films? Different age groups tend to have different film preferences. Children generally enjoy cartoons or humorous movies like "Frozen" or "Tangled." Adults might prefer a variety of genres, including action, romance, and documentaries, depending on their individual tastes. Each generation has its own favorites and interests when it comes to films. Do you like any particular film star? Why? I admire Emma Watson, a British actress, model, and activist known for her role as Hermione Granger in the "Harry Potter" series. She stands out not only for her exceptional acting skills and admirable personality but also for her work as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador. Her quote, “I don’t want the fear of failure to stop me from doing what I really care about,” inspires me to pursue my dreams despite challenges. Vocabulary: Good virtue (n): Behavior showing high moral standards. Sympathize (v): To feel sorry for someone and understand their problems. Means of (n): A method or way to achieve something (commonly used with uncountable nouns like transportation or entertainment). Homosexuality (n): Sexual attraction to people of one's own sex. To chill out (v): To relax. Rather than (phrase): Used with the infinitive form of a verb to indicate a contrary choice. Harsh reality (n): The difficulties and unpleasant aspects of life. To aim to do something (v): To have a purpose to achieve something. Ups and downs (n): Good and bad times. Twists and turns (n): Challenges or changes in a situation. Sci-fi movies (n): Science-fiction films. When it comes to (phrase): Speaking about. To be fond of (adj): To be interested in or enjoy something. To be famous for (adj): To be widely known for something. To care about (v): To feel concern or interest in something.

Is your country changing rapidly? Absolutely, the pace of transformation in my country has been nothing short of remarkable. A few decades ago, it was primarily an agrarian society with traditional practices. However, in recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has catalyzed significant changes. Industries and service sectors have burgeoned, driving economic growth and modernizing various aspects of daily life. Additionally, the standard of living has seen a dramatic uplift, with people enjoying a higher quality of life and greater satisfaction than ever before. Why do old people dislike changes? Older individuals often find change challenging due to a variety of reasons. As people age, their cognitive functions may not be as sharp as they once were, making it difficult to adapt to new technologies or ways of doing things. This resistance to change can stem from a sense of comfort with established routines and a lack of familiarity with new innovations. For instance, mastering the use of a modern air conditioner can be daunting for an elderly person who is accustomed to traditional methods. Such abrupt shifts can feel overwhelming and disrupt their sense of stability. How do you feel about change in your personal life? Change can be a double-edged sword for me. On one hand, I find it invigorating and essential for personal growth. Embracing new experiences and adapting to different circumstances can lead to significant self-improvement and broaden my horizons. On the other hand, change can be unsettling, especially when it involves stepping out of my comfort zone. Nonetheless, I believe that facing and overcoming these challenges often leads to the most rewarding outcomes. Can you give an example of a major change you experienced recently? Certainly. One of the most significant changes in my life recently was relocating to a new city for a job opportunity. This move was a massive leap from the familiar surroundings of my hometown. It involved adjusting to a new environment, navigating different social dynamics, and establishing a new routine. While the transition was initially daunting, it has ultimately been a transformative experience, offering fresh perspectives and new opportunities for growth. How do you usually adapt to new situations or environments? When faced with new situations, I tend to adopt a proactive approach. I begin by thoroughly researching and familiarizing myself with the new environment or circumstances. Setting small, manageable goals helps me gradually acclimate and build confidence. I also seek feedback and support from those with experience in similar situations. This methodical approach allows me to adapt more smoothly and effectively. What role does flexibility play in managing change? Flexibility is crucial when managing change. Being adaptable allows me to navigate unforeseen challenges and adjust my plans accordingly. It involves maintaining an open mind and being willing to embrace new ideas and approaches. Flexibility enables me to respond positively to shifts in circumstances and leverage them to my advantage, rather than being overwhelmed by them. How do you deal with the stress that comes with significant changes? Dealing with stress from significant changes involves a combination of strategies. I prioritize self-care by engaging in activities that help me relax and recharge, such as exercise and mindfulness practices. Additionally, I break down the change into manageable tasks and tackle them step by step. Seeking support from friends, family, or professional counselors also provides valuable perspectives and emotional relief, helping me to navigate the stress more effectively. Do you think people should actively seek change, or should they let it come naturally? I believe there is merit in both approaches. Actively seeking change can drive personal and professional growth, leading to new opportunities and experiences. Proactively setting goals and pursuing change can be empowering and fulfilling. However, allowing change to come naturally also has its advantages, as it often aligns with the natural flow of life and reduces the stress associated with forced transitions. Striking a balance between actively seeking and accepting change can lead to a more harmonious and rewarding life journey. Do you like facing difficult (or challenging) tasks? It depends on the task. I enjoy challenges when they align with my interests, such as starting a new project or creating something. However, there are challenging tasks that I might find less engaging but still necessary. These tasks can be time-consuming and might not bring much satisfaction, even if they are difficult. What challenges do young people face today? Young people today face some challenges similar to those of previous generations, such as finding their identity, dealing with academic pressures, and navigating relationships. However, modern issues include dealing with the pervasive influence of technology and social media, which can create additional pressure to stand out and succeed. The intensity of contemporary life, driven by celebrity culture and global connectivity, adds unique challenges that previous generations may not have experienced. How do young people handle difficult or challenging tasks? Young people often rely on a mix of advice from family, friends, and personal research. Personally, I use online resources to gather information and perspectives on difficult decisions. This can provide valuable insights, though it doesn’t always resolve the issue entirely. The approach depends on the nature of the task and individual preferences. Which is better: facing difficulties and challenges alone or seeking the help of others? Seeking advice from others can be beneficial, as the saying "two heads are better than one" suggests. Consulting with family, friends, or online communities can provide support and different viewpoints, making one feel more prepared and confident. However, the best approach depends on the specific challenge and individual comfort levels with seeking help. Do you think there's much difference between the challenges that young people face today and those faced in the past? Overall, the core challenges—such as making decisions and finding one’s path—remain similar across generations. However, today’s young people deal with issues like cyberbullying and online privacy that were less prevalent in the past. Conversely, past generations faced social stigmas and norms that may not be as prominent today. Despite these differences, the fundamental experience of navigating challenges and making choices remains a common thread. Do you think there's much difference between the challenges that young people face in your country and those in other countries? Yes, cultural differences can lead to variations in the challenges young people face. For example, in more traditional cultures, staying with one’s family until marriage is common, whereas in more progressive cultures, moving out and living independently is more typical. Despite these differences, many challenges are universal, though the context and specific issues might vary by country. Do people in different age groups face the same (or similar) difficulties and challenges? Different age groups face distinct challenges. Teenagers often deal with identity and social pressures, while those in their twenties focus on career development. Family life introduces new challenges, and older adults face issues related to health and retirement. While some challenges, like dealing with loss or family issues, can affect all age groups, specific difficulties often vary with life stages. Do different types of people face the same (or similar) difficulties and challenges? Different individuals might face similar challenges but handle them differently based on their personalities and circumstances. For instance, a career decision might be straightforward for some but challenging for others, depending on their clarity of goals and support systems. Extroverted individuals might seek out more diverse experiences, while introverts might approach challenges differently. Why is there intense competition in some situations? Increased competition can stem from a heightened sense of opportunity and visibility due to technology and media. The pressure to stand out and succeed, amplified by celebrity culture and global connectivity, drives people to compete more fiercely. This competitive environment can be both motivating and stressful, influencing individuals' pursuit of success and recognition. Do you think being challenged is good for a person? Yes, being challenged can be beneficial. It fosters personal growth, resilience, and learning. Facing difficulties helps build character and provides a sense of accomplishment. While not all challenges are positive, overcoming them often leads to increased strength and wisdom. Do you think people need to be challenged? While not everyone may seek out challenges, they are a natural part of life that drives progress and development. Challenges encourage problem-solving and innovation, contributing to personal and societal advancement. Though a life without challenges might seem appealing, challenges are integral to growth and progress. Vocabulary: Remarkable (adj): Worthy of attention; extraordinary. Catalyzed (v): Caused or accelerated a process. Burgeoned (v): Grew or expanded rapidly. Uplift (n): Improvement or enhancement. Cognitive (adj): Related to mental processes like thinking, understanding, and learning. Resistance (n): Opposition or reluctance to change. Daunting (adj): Intimidating or causing fear. Abrupt (adj): Sudden and unexpected. Overwhelming (adj): Overpowering or too intense to manage. Stability (n): State of being stable or steady. Double-edged sword (phrase): Something that has both positive and negative effects. Invigorating (adj): Energizing and stimulating. Unsettling (adj): Causing anxiety or discomfort. Daunting (adj): Intimidating or overwhelming. Transformative (adj): Causing a significant change or transformation. Acclimate (v): To become accustomed to a new environment or situation. Proactive (adj): Taking action to control or influence a situation rather than reacting to it. Methodical (adj): Systematic and organized. Self-care (n): Activities and practices that individuals engage in to maintain and improve their well-being. Merit (n): Worth or value.

Can clothing tell you much about a person? Absolutely! You know, they say "clothes maketh the man." It's like a silent language that speaks volumes about someone's personality, job, or even their mood. For instance, if someone's in a suit, you might assume they're in a professional setting or heading to a formal event. On the flip side, casual wear might suggest a more laid-back personality. Why do some companies ask their staff to wear uniforms? Well, companies often want to create a sense of unity and professionalism. Wearing uniforms can foster a team spirit, you know, like we're all in this together. Plus, it saves employees from the hassle of deciding what to wear each day. It streamlines things, makes everyone look equal, and, in a way, promotes the company's image. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having uniforms at work? On the upside, uniforms can enhance team cohesion, build a strong brand identity, and even save employees time and money on choosing outfits. But, let's not forget, it can stifle individual expression and make people feel like they're losing their personal touch. Some might argue that a little variety in attire can spice up the workplace. When do people wear traditional clothing in your country? Traditional clothing in my country usually makes its grand appearance during festivals, weddings, or cultural celebrations. It's a way of connecting with our roots and showcasing our heritage. You can spot vibrant colors and intricate designs during these occasions, making it a visual feast. How have clothes fashions changed in your country over the last few decades? Oh, it's been quite a rollercoaster! Back in the day, bell-bottoms and psychedelic prints were all the rage. Now, it's all about skinny jeans and minimalistic styles. The fashion evolution mirrors societal changes – from groovy and flamboyant to sleek and understated. It's fascinating to see how trends come full circle, isn't it? What is the difference between clothes that young people and old people like to wear? Well, the generation gap is quite evident in our wardrobes. Youngsters these days are into trendy streetwear, sneakers, and tech-savvy accessories. They want to be on the cutting edge. On the other hand, older folks might lean towards classic styles, comfortable fabrics, and timeless pieces. It's like a fashion bridge that connects the past with the present. Talk about the style of a kind of clothes. Clothing worn by hip-hop singers has become highly popular among young people. This style is characterized by its large, loose fit and often features simple colors like black and white. It emphasizes a unique character associated with street culture, which is dynamic and expressive. Wearing such clothes allows young people to declare their identity and align with the energetic and rebellious spirit of hip-hop culture. Do you think clothing now is more important than before? Why? Yes, clothing is more important now than it was before. Today, clothes serve not only a functional purpose but also act as a means of expressing one’s status, character, and personal taste. People are more conscious about dressing appropriately for various occasions, as it can significantly influence how they are perceived by others. The saying “we are what we wear” reflects how our clothing choices can define our public image. What type of clothing do you wear on different occasions? I prefer simple styles like jeans and T-shirts for casual settings, such as on campus or with friends. For parties or formal events, I opt for dresses and high-heeled shoes. In a professional setting, a suit or a white blouse is more appropriate as it conveys efficiency and competence. When spending time with a significant other, I often choose outfits that are more feminine and stylish. What information can you find in another person’s clothing? A person’s clothing can reveal a lot about their personality, tastes, and attitudes. For example, someone who wears colorful clothes might be confident and enthusiastic, while those in avant-garde fashion are likely to be fashion-conscious and trend-sensitive. Brand-name enthusiasts often highlight their appreciation for quality and their expectations from life. What is fashion? What are the differences between men’s fashion and women’s fashion? Fashion is a reflection of optimism and personal expression. It represents an individual's unique perspective on life. For men, fashion often revolves around symbols of status and achievement, such as cars and professional attire. It is closely linked to personal dignity and social standing. Women, on the other hand, focus on elements that enhance their femininity, including the latest trends, perfumes, and cosmetics. Women’s fashion is often more centered around personal charm and aesthetic appeal. On what occasions will people change their type of clothing? People tend to change their clothing based on the significance of the occasion. They prefer to dress in a way that they believe is appropriate and will be well-received by others. For example, people put extra effort into their attire when meeting someone they are attracted to or when attending important events. This attention to detail reflects their desire to make a positive impression. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of policemen in police uniforms. Policemen in uniform project a professional and trustworthy image. The uniform contributes to a sense of security and authority, making it easier for the public to recognize and respect their role. However, wearing the same uniform year-round can be uncomfortable, particularly in varying weather conditions. The lack of variety might also lead to a sense of monotony for the officers.

What are popular toys for children in your country? Well, you know, action figures and dolls are still a hit, but these days, it's all about interactive toys and gadgets. Kids are crazy about those techy toys like tablets, gaming consoles, and robotic thingamajigs. Of course, classic toys like building blocks and board games still have their place in the mix. Have the toys for children changed over the last few decades? Oh, big time! Back in the day, it was all about simple toys like marbles, teddy bears, and yo-yos. But now, with technology taking center stage, you've got these high-tech toys that blink, beep, and do all sorts of fancy stuff. It's like toys have gone to the future or something. Do you think boys and girls like the same toys? Well, you know, there's a bit of overlap, but generally, I'd say boys and girls often have their preferences. Girls might lean towards dolls or creative stuff like art kits, while boys might be more into action figures or building sets. But, hey, it's all good if they wanna switch it up – no harm in breaking those old stereotypes. Do you think it’s ok for boys to play with toys made for girls? Absolutely! I mean, why not, right? Toys don't have gender, they're just for fun. If a boy wants to play with a doll or a girl with toy cars, it's all about letting them explore and express themselves. It's cool for kids to break those traditional molds and just enjoy whatever makes them happy. What kinds of games do children like most? Well, you've got your video games and apps, no doubt, but outdoor games like tag, hide and seek, and good old soccer are still kicking. Board games and puzzles also have their charm – it's all about the thrill of competition or working together to solve a challenge. Do you think games and toys are educational for children? Definitely! I mean, there are these games and toys nowadays that sneak in learning without kids even realizing it. From math puzzles to word games, they can be pretty sneaky teachers. It's like a win-win – kids have fun, and they're picking up some useful skills along the way. Do you think it’s ok for children to spend a lot of time playing games on their devices? Well, moderation is the key, you know? It's cool for kids to have their screen time, but it's important to balance it out with other activities. Maybe a mix of outdoor play, reading, and hanging out with friends. Too much screen time isn't the best, but a healthy dose can be a-okay. What benefits can children gain from playing games with other children? Oh, playing with other kids is like a whole package deal. They learn to share, cooperate, and handle wins and losses. It's social skills 101, you know? Plus, it's just pure fun – the joy of teamwork or a good-natured competition. It's like a mini-school of life where they're getting ready for the real deal. Do you think it is good for children to play many computer games? I’m not a big fan of kids spending too much time on computer games. For one, sitting in front of a screen for long periods can really take a toll on their health. They might end up with backaches or eye strain. Plus, there’s a risk of them getting hooked on games and letting their schoolwork slide. It’s also a bit of a double-edged sword because too much screen time can make kids more isolated and less social, which isn’t great for their mental well-being. Do you think playing with electronic toys has a good influence on kids? Electronic toys definitely have their perks, but they might suit boys more than girls in some cases. For example, toy cars that zoom around or make funny noises can spark curiosity and excitement. This kind of play can really get the creative juices flowing and boost a child’s imagination. So, while they might not be for everyone, they can definitely offer some fun and educational benefits. How do you think a child can benefit from playing a child’s game? Playing games is like hitting two birds with one stone for kids. Not only do they have a blast and get some entertainment, but they also gain valuable skills. Games can help improve their intellectual abilities and physical health. They might discover new interests and talents, and they also learn how to work in a group. It’s all about following rules, resolving conflicts, and figuring things out together, which are key life skills. Which do you think is better, for children to play with toys alone or with other kids? Both have their upsides. Playing alone can be a great opportunity for kids to dive deep into their toys and explore on their own. It’s like giving them a chance to be their own little inventor. On the flip side, playing with other kids fosters teamwork and collaboration. They get to share laughs, work together to solve problems, and make the game more fun. So, it’s really about balancing solo play with social play to get the best of both worlds. What are the differences between the toys boys and girls like to play with in your opinion? Typically, boys tend to gravitate towards toys that involve action and competition. They often enjoy playing with model guns, engaging in pretend battles, and collecting game cards. Boys are also fascinated by video games and tend to prefer toys that involve movement and excitement. In contrast, girls often prefer quieter, imaginative play. They enjoy playing with dolls, engaging in role-playing games that mimic real life, such as acting out family scenarios with dolls and miniature household items. Girls generally prefer toys that are related to nurturing or social interaction. What role do toys play? Toys serve multiple important roles in children's lives. First, they act as companions, especially for children who might spend a lot of time alone due to family circumstances or busy parents. Toys provide comfort and entertainment. Second, many toys are designed to foster intellectual development and stimulate interest in various subjects, laying the groundwork for future learning and skills. Educational toys help develop cognitive abilities, motor skills, and can even promote physical exercise. What kinds of toys do Vietnamese children usually play with? In Vietnam, boys often enjoy playing with toy guns, toy cars, robots with remote controls, and engaging in ball games and video games. Girls typically favor dolls and enjoy role-playing games that simulate real-life scenarios. Additionally, many children today are increasingly interested in computer games, viewing computers as toys rather than just tools. Has there been any change in toys over the last 20 years? Yes, there have been significant changes. Firstly, there is now a wider variety of toys available, giving children more choices than ever before. Secondly, the quality of toys has improved, with manufacturers focusing more on safety and durability. Lastly, many modern toys are designed with educational purposes in mind, helping children to learn and develop skills while playing.

1. Do you like teamwork? [Why? / Why not?] Yes, I do enjoy teamwork. I find it interesting to collaborate with others because it brings together diverse perspectives and experiences. When people from different backgrounds work together, they approach problems in unique ways, which can lead to more creative solutions. 2. How does teamwork help? Teamwork fosters creativity and idea-sharing, which might not happen when working alone. Problems are often solved more effectively when discussed in a team because different perspectives can shed new light on a problem, leading to innovative solutions. 3. Do you think children should develop skills for teamwork? Absolutely. Teaching children to work in teams is important because it helps them learn collaboration and problem-solving skills from an early age. While it's also essential for them to develop independent problem-solving skills, understanding how to work effectively with others is crucial for success in adult life. 4. Does having leadership skills qualify a person to be a team leader? Not necessarily. While leadership skills are important, being a good team leader also requires the ability to work well within a team. Leadership should not mean dominating others. Effective teamwork involves collaboration and equal contribution from all members. A leader who tries to control everything might hinder the team's effectiveness. Group Work: 5. Do you like to work alone or with a partner? I generally prefer working alone. Although teamwork has its advantages, I find it easier to concentrate and make decisions when I’m on my own. Working with a partner can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or unnecessary distractions, which can affect the quality of the work. Additionally, working alone allows me to maintain full control over my work and decisions. 6. What do you think of teamwork and team spirit? Even though I prefer working alone, I see the value in teamwork and team spirit. Teamwork allows for sharing responsibilities, which can speed up project completion. It also builds strong internal relationships and trust among team members. Team spirit helps resolve conflicts and supports risk-taking, which might be challenging when working solo. Unity in a team can lead to greater success and motivation. 7. What kind of people are good to work with? The best team members are those who are sincere, punctual, and committed to their work. Working with people who are responsible and respectful makes a big difference. It's important to have team members who are willing to collaborate and share responsibilities rather than relying on others or being unengaged. 8. Do you like group work or group learning? I prefer group learning over group work. In a learning environment, people tend to share knowledge and help each other, which I find beneficial. However, in group work, I often find that others may not contribute equally, which can be frustrating. Group learning, on the other hand, usually involves more cooperative and supportive interactions. 9. What is your opinion on efficiency? Efficiency is about accomplishing tasks effectively within a given timeframe. It reflects how well you use your skills and resources to achieve the best results. Being efficient means doing things correctly and promptly, which is crucial for productivity and success. 10. What are the advantages of studying by yourself? Studying alone has several advantages. It allows for better concentration with fewer distractions and enables you to study at your own pace. You don’t have to wait for others or adjust to their schedule, which can make studying more efficient and personalized. 11. What kinds of jobs are poorly-paid in your country? In my country, manual labor jobs like factory work, street cleaning, and caretaking are among the lowest paid. These jobs often involve significant physical effort but offer minimal financial compensation. 12. Do people who have different levels of income feel happy about how much they earn? Income levels can significantly impact happiness. Higher income often allows people to enjoy better quality of life and access various comforts, which can lead to greater satisfaction. Conversely, those struggling financially may find it difficult to enjoy life due to constant financial concerns. 13. Do you think it is good to change jobs frequently? Frequent job changes might not be ideal. Staying in one job for a longer period allows you to develop deeper skills and gain more experience, which can lead to better career advancement opportunities and promotions. Job stability can also contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of your role and greater job satisfaction.

Do you think job satisfaction is more important than salary when choosing a job? Absolutely, I reckon that job satisfaction trumps salary in the grand scheme of things. I firmly believe that if you enjoy what you're doing, it makes the daily grind much more worthwhile. You see, being stuck in a job that doesn't light your fire can lead to burnout and a lack of enthusiasm. On the flip side, a job that brings you joy can be a game-changer, and you end up giving your best, which, in the long run, can positively impact your career. What skills do you think are needed to get a good job these days? In my opinion, snagging a good job nowadays requires a mix of soft and hard skills. First off, being a people person is crucial; employers are all about teamwork and communication. It's not just about the technical know-how, you've got to be able to express yourself clearly and work well with others. Then there's the tech side of things – being tech-savvy is practically a must these days. Brushing up on those computer skills and staying up-to-date with the latest trends can give you a leg up in the job market. Do you think women should be able to do all the same jobs that men do? Absolutely, without a doubt! I firmly believe that gender should never be a barrier when it comes to career choices. I mean, we're living in the 21st century, and it's high time we ditched those outdated stereotypes. Everyone, regardless of gender, should have the freedom to pursue any career they're passionate about. It's not about men's jobs or women's jobs – it's about skills, abilities, and equal opportunities for everyone. How has technology changed the way we work? Well, technology has completely revolutionized the way we work, hasn't it? I mean, back in the day, we were tied to desks with paperwork piling up. Now, with the advent of technology, everything's gone digital. We've got emails, video calls, and project management tools that make collaboration a breeze. Remote work has become the norm for many, and the flexibility it offers has changed the entire landscape of the workplace. It's a double-edged sword, though – while it brings convenience, it also means we're pretty much on the clock 24/7. What is the difference between white collar and blue collar jobs? Ah, the classic white collar versus blue collar debate! To put it in a nutshell, white collar jobs typically involve office work and are more professional in nature. Think suits and ties, sitting at a desk, crunching numbers, or managing projects. On the flip side, blue collar jobs are more hands-on – you're working with your hands, maybe in a factory, construction site, or fixing things. It's more about manual labor, and the dress code tends to be more practical, like overalls and work boots. What jobs do you think are most valuable to society? In my book, jobs that directly contribute to the well-being of society are the real MVPs. I'm talking about healthcare professionals, teachers, and first responders. They're the unsung heroes, making a tangible impact on people's lives. Then there's the environmental sector – those working towards sustainable practices and conservation. These jobs may not always get the spotlight, but they play a vital role in building a healthier and more balanced society. At what age should people be allowed to retire? Well, that's a tricky one, isn't it? I reckon it should vary from person to person. Some folks may be raring to kick back and enjoy retirement in their early sixties, while others might find joy and fulfillment in their work well into their seventies. It's about striking a balance between allowing people to enjoy their golden years and ensuring there's enough experienced talent in the workforce. Maybe it's less about a fixed age and more about personal choice and health considerations. After all, age is just a number, right? Is salary important to you? What is the impact of salary on doing work? Absolutely, salary plays a significant role in my career choices. It's not just about the paycheck; it's about feeling valued for the work I do. When the compensation aligns with the effort put into the job, it motivates me to give my best. I believe that fair compensation is like a pat on the back, a recognition of one's hard work, and it fosters a positive work environment. What kinds of jobs are easy to get in, in a foreign country? Well, diving into a new job market abroad can be quite a challenge, but some entry-level positions are more accessible. Jobs in the service industry, like waiting tables or retail, are often easier to secure, as they may require less specialized knowledge. These roles not only provide an income source but also offer opportunities to interact with locals, improving language skills and cultural understanding. Should young adults work abroad? I would definitely encourage young adults to explore job opportunities abroad. It's not just about the professional growth; it's a chance to broaden one's horizons, both culturally and personally. Working in a foreign country exposes individuals to diverse perspectives, enhances adaptability, and builds a global network. It's a unique experience that can shape one's character and open doors to new possibilities. Is it hard to find an interesting job in your country? Well, finding an interesting job can be a bit challenging in my country. Often, it requires a combination of education, skills, and networking. Sometimes, the job market can be quite competitive, and you need to stand out to land a position that truly aligns with your interests. It's all about being proactive, seeking out opportunities, and showcasing your unique strengths. What kinds of preparation should people do for a job interview? Preparing for a job interview is crucial, and it involves more than just rehearsing answers. It's about researching the company, understanding its values, and tailoring your responses accordingly. Additionally, practicing common interview questions, maintaining good body language, and showing genuine enthusiasm are essential. It's like putting your best foot forward, leaving a lasting impression on the interviewer. Why do some people keep changing their jobs? Well, there could be various reasons why people switch jobs frequently. Some seek new challenges and opportunities for growth, while others may be searching for a better work-life balance. Job-hopping can also be a result of wanting a more dynamic environment or finding a better cultural fit. It's like individuals are on a journey to discover the work setting that suits them best. What should a good employer do? A good employer should go beyond just providing a paycheck. Creating a positive work environment, offering opportunities for professional development, and recognizing employees' efforts are crucial. It's like fostering a sense of belonging, where workers feel valued and motivated to contribute their best. Regular communication, constructive feedback, and a supportive atmosphere contribute to a healthy employer-employee relationship. How would you define ‘an interesting job’? To me, an interesting job is one that not only aligns with my skills but also challenges me to grow. It's about having a sense of purpose and feeling passionate about what I do. An interesting job keeps me engaged, allows me to learn new things, and provides a platform for creativity. It's like finding a balance between enjoyment and professional fulfillment. What are the disadvantages of working overtime? Working overtime can take a toll on both physical and mental well-being. It's like walking a tightrope, as extended work hours often lead to burnout, affecting productivity and overall job satisfaction. Additionally, it can strain personal relationships and impact work-life balance. While occasional overtime may be necessary, excessive hours without proper rest can negatively impact both the individual and the quality of work produced. Has technology changed a lot the way people work? Are these changes all positive? Absolutely, technology has revolutionized the way we work. It’s brought us conveniences like TVs, washing machines, and even airplanes. But it’s a mixed bag. While tech makes our lives easier, it also has downsides. For example, planes have been used in warfare, and nuclear power, despite being clean, has had disastrous consequences when things go wrong. So, while technology has made work and life more efficient, it’s also brought challenges that we need to be aware of. What impact does automation have on people's lives? Automation has definitely shaken things up. It’s led to job losses in some sectors, as machines and computers can do tasks that once required human workers. But it’s not all bad news. Automation also creates new jobs, especially in tech and IT fields. So, while some people might lose their jobs due to automation, others will find new opportunities in emerging industries. What should the laid-off people do to be re-employed? Losing a job can be tough, but it’s not the end of the road. The key is to adapt and learn new skills. With the right training, laid-off workers can transition into new roles. Upskilling and staying current with industry trends can open up new employment opportunities and help them get back on their feet. Are there any differences between young and old in the job market? Definitely. Young people often seek challenging jobs with growth opportunities and room for advancement. They’re more focused on job satisfaction and are willing to switch jobs if they’re unhappy. Older workers, on the other hand, might prefer jobs with stability, like government positions, which offer long-term security and pensions. They might not be as up-to-date with new technologies or skills, so they often look for roles that offer more stability rather than high growth. What about the brain drain issue in Vietnam? The brain drain is a real issue in Vietnam, with talented individuals often moving abroad for better opportunities. But I see it as a positive development. With a large population and many graduates, the competition for jobs is intense. By moving abroad, these talents can develop advanced skills and knowledge, which can be beneficial both for them and for Vietnam in the long run. They might return with new expertise or even start their own businesses, contributing to the country’s growth. How have working conditions changed in Vietnam recently? Working conditions in Vietnam have improved significantly over the past few decades. Gone are the days of working in cramped, uncomfortable environments. Nowadays, offices are equipped with modern technology like computers, fax machines, and air conditioning. We have access to a wealth of information online, and many people can even work from home, thanks to the internet and email. It’s a huge leap forward from the old days. Do you think a routine job where you do the same thing all the time is good or bad? Why? It really depends on the person. Some people thrive on routine and find comfort in doing the same tasks every day. For them, it’s a stable and predictable way to work. Others might find routine jobs monotonous and uninteresting. They might prefer roles that offer variety and new challenges. Ultimately, whether a routine job is good or bad depends on individual preferences and what motivates them. Some jobs are naturally repetitive, and someone has to do them – it’s all about finding the right fit for each person. Can you give me some examples of how different jobs have different salaries? Absolutely! Salaries can vary a lot depending on the job. For instance, doctors and lawyers typically earn high salaries, though they might not start off with a big paycheck right out of school. High-level corporate roles also pay well, but people usually need years of experience to reach those positions. Then, there are professions like banking, accounting, architecture, and engineering. These jobs offer decent salaries and stable career paths. On the flip side, lower-paying jobs tend to be those that don’t require much training or education, like factory work, shelf-stacking, or working in restaurants. These positions often come with zero-hours contracts and can be less stable. What are the most popular jobs in your country? Why do you think these jobs are so popular? In my country, becoming a lawyer used to be super popular, though it’s become more challenging, so many people drop out after starting. Being a doctor used to be a top choice too, but it’s not as trendy these days, maybe because the pay isn’t as high as it used to be. These days, careers in media studies, film production, and graphic design are really popular. It seems like young people are always chasing the latest trends or high salaries. Jobs that allow for working abroad or offer transferable skills, like those in design, media, and marketing, are attractive because they offer more flexibility and global opportunities. What are some jobs that you think might be popular in the future? It’s hard to predict exactly, but I think we’ll see a lot of new jobs emerging that we can’t even imagine right now. A decade ago, roles like social media managers or SEO specialists didn’t exist, and now they’re crucial in many industries. The pace of change is so fast that there could be entirely new career fields popping up within the next few years. Jobs that offer more freedom and flexibility, like freelancing or entrepreneurship, are likely to grow in popularity as technology continues to evolve and make it easier for people to reach global markets. Which type of jobs do you think will be the most highly paid in the future? The highest-paying jobs will probably be in fields where there’s high demand and a lot of innovation. Positions related to cutting-edge technology and business solutions, like those involving design and tech development, are likely to be very lucrative. We might also see more young entrepreneurs creating the next big tech innovations—think of companies like Facebook or Uber. If you’re involved in designing apps or platforms that become major successes, those roles could offer some of the highest salaries.

Why are some popular tourist places free or do not require tickets to enter? If you ask me, I’d say that it’s an effort by the authorities to popularize the place. If there is an entrance fee, not many travelers would go the extra mile to pay for that, and the tourist place will be left on its own, which can be a waste of resources. Also, many spots that offer free entrance are often not equipped with entertainment facilities and are mostly for sightseeing purposes. Why does the government want tourists to visit ancient places? In my experience, ancient tourist spots often symbolize the cultural heritage and national identity of a nation. When tourists visit these places, they gain a deeper insight into the host country’s culture, helping raise awareness among global citizens about the country. From this, they can appreciate the culture, understand the hardships the country has gone through, and develop a more tolerant or admiring perspective towards the country. Do you think we need to respect the region and culture when you go to other countries? Yes, I’d suppose. In most cases, immigrants or tourists to another country tend to suffer from culture shock, food adaptability issues, and racial discrimination. So, it's advisable that they make real efforts to respect the host country's culture. For example, if you know that beef is banned in Muslim countries and try to avoid including it in your diet, you can save yourself from religious prejudice and lead a life like the natives. What are the advantages of traveling? Why do more and more people choose to travel abroad? Clearly, there are a number of merits brought by traveling. But I would probably say that the standout reason is the opportunity to broaden our horizons. When visiting a new region or country, we get the chance to experience the local life, enjoy the cuisine, and learn many interesting things. Additionally, traveling allows us to relax and unwind after stressful periods of work or study. A short trip can help recharge our batteries and make us more effective in our daily tasks. What are the advantages and disadvantages brought by traveling to a country? To be honest, there are mixed pros and cons when it comes to traveling to a different nation. On the bright side, we can broaden our horizons, experience local life, enjoy the cuisine, and learn new things. Additionally, traveling helps us relax and recharge. On the negative side, traveling can contribute to pollution in the host country. Many irresponsible tourists litter or spit on the streets, spoiling the landscape and polluting the air. What advice would you give to foreigners traveling to your country? For people planning to visit my country, there are several necessary preparations. First of all, they must be ready to deal with daily life problems that might not be common in their own countries. For example, they should be prepared for traffic jams, particularly during peak hours, and be cautious about the risk of theft in public places like buses. Are there many quiet places in your city? I reckon there aren’t many tranquil places in our city unless you wander to the outskirts or countryside. Like any cosmopolitan city, it’s crowded and active, making it tricky to find a peaceful spot. Nevertheless, if you don’t mind an hour’s ride to the city’s edge, you will be mesmerized by endless paddy fields and colorful flying kites. Why do people sometimes prefer to be alone? I don’t think there is a simple explanation for why people sometimes seek solitude. It has happened to me a few times when I felt suffocated by the hustle and bustle of city life. Spending most of the day surrounded by people and work leaves little time for oneself, which can be physically and emotionally draining. To balance their personal lives, people often minimize contacts with the outside world to find inner peace. What are some of the advantages of quiet places? There are many advantages to being in a tranquil and serene place. The first plus point is that it’s easier to concentrate and think logically. Quiet places also enable people to feel relaxed and positive, providing a mental and emotional reset. What kinds of places do people want to go to when they want to be alone? City dwellers often try to escape to the countryside, where the atmosphere is tranquil and serene. Others, preoccupied with work, may prefer secluded lakes or parks where they can read or pursue hobbies like drawing. Some people would rather stay at home, enjoying solitude by listening to music or doing other trivial activities. What are the tourist attractions in your country? Oh, Singapore is bursting with tourist attractions! It’s like a treasure chest of sights and experiences. You’ve got the iconic Orchard Road with its endless shopping malls, and Marina Bay Sands, which is just stunning. Then there’s the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, the Singapore Flyer, and the Night Safari – each offering something unique. The Botanic Gardens are perfect for a stroll, and Gardens by the Bay is a must-see with its futuristic structures. Clarke Quay and Resorts World Sentosa are great spots for dining and entertainment. Singapore is pretty much a paradise for both tourists and locals, and the public transportation system makes it super easy to get around. Should they be free for everyone to visit? Well, that’s a bit of a tricky one. Some places should definitely be free because they’re more accessible to everyone. But for spots like the Night Safari, where there’s a lot of maintenance and care involved – like looking after the animals – it makes sense to charge an entrance fee. This helps keep the place in tip-top shape. I think a mix of free and paid attractions is fair. It ensures that people can enjoy some things without breaking the bank, while also supporting places that need a bit more funding to operate. Do foreigners visit these attractions? Absolutely, foreigners flock to these spots all the time! During peak times, like weekends or holidays, it can get pretty crowded. Places like the Night Safari or Marina Bay Sands attract visitors from all over the globe. It’s common to see long queues, especially at popular spots. Even though some attractions can be pricey, they’re popular among tourists who are eager to experience the best of what Singapore has to offer. What are the benefits of foreigners visiting tourist attractions in your country? Tourism brings a ton of benefits. First off, it’s a big boost to the economy. When tourists spend on hotels, food, and attractions, it pumps money into the local economy. Local vendors, especially those near tourist hotspots, do a roaring trade. Plus, it’s a fantastic way to spread Singapore’s culture globally. Tourists take their experiences and stories back home, and that can spark interest and future visits. Also, tourism creates jobs and helps develop infrastructure, which benefits everyone. What are the disadvantages of it? There are definitely some downsides. Sometimes, misunderstandings over prices can lead to friction between tourists and sellers. Plus, not all tourists are mindful of their surroundings, which can lead to littering and environmental damage. Crowds can also be overwhelming, leading to traffic jams and increased prices for locals. It’s a balancing act between reaping the benefits and managing the drawbacks. Do you know about any environmental issues associated with it? There are some environmental concerns, though nothing too drastic. Minor littering and waste from tourists can occasionally spoil the environment. Thankfully, Singapore takes environmental issues seriously, so there are measures in place to manage and mitigate these problems. The government is always on the lookout to ensure that tourism doesn’t come at the expense of the environment. What are some famous tourist spots in your country? Malaysia is a real gem for tourists! You’ve got stunning beaches like Batu Ferringhi and Port Dickson, where the sun, sand, and sea are just perfect. Historical sites like A Famosa and the Sultan Abdul Samad Building are worth a visit. The islands of Tioman, Pangkor, and Langkawi are famous for their natural beauty and draw crowds from around the world. Museums in Malaysia are fantastic too, offering a peek into the country’s rich history. And of course, the Petronas Twin Towers are iconic – a must-see for anyone visiting. Theme parks and shopping districts add to the fun, making Malaysia a top travel destination. What are the impacts of tourism in your country? Tourism has a big impact on Malaysia. It creates jobs, boosts local businesses, and helps grow the economy. When tourists spend money, it benefits local vendors and encourages production of local goods. Tourism also puts Malaysian products on the map, as visitors showcase their finds globally. Plus, it helps keep tourist areas clean and well-maintained, which is a bonus for everyone. What are the positive impacts of tourism in your country? Tourism has some great benefits for Malaysia. Economically, it supports local businesses and creates jobs. It also helps boost local entrepreneurship as businesses cater to tourist needs. Culturally, it spreads Malaysian traditions and events globally, as visitors share their experiences back home. Plus, the focus on maintaining clean and attractive tourist spots has a positive effect on the environment. What are the negative impacts of tourism in your country? Tourism isn’t without its issues. Sometimes tourists aren’t as mindful of the environment, leading to litter and damage. Traffic congestion can become a problem, especially in tourist-heavy areas. Also, the influx of tourists can drive up prices for locals, making everyday goods and housing more expensive. Seasonal employment in tourist areas can also be unstable. But with the right measures, these problems can be managed effectively. What do you think are the reasons people visit new places? People travel for all sorts of reasons. Often, it’s about discovering new places and experiences. Traveling lets you see and do things you wouldn’t at home, and it’s a great way to break away from the daily grind. Whether it’s exploring new cultures, trying new foods, or just relaxing on a beautiful beach, traveling offers a chance to gain new perspectives and make lasting memories. Plus, it’s a fantastic way to recharge and come back feeling refreshed and inspired. What can you tell about the future of the tourism industry in your country? The future of tourism in Malaysia looks bright! The sector is continually evolving, and there are plans to make travel more affordable and enjoyable for everyone. The government is working on improving infrastructure and expanding accommodation options, which should make visiting Malaysia even more appealing. There’s also a push to enhance local tourism experiences and maintain high standards for visitors. With these efforts, tourism will likely continue to thrive and play a key role in Malaysia’s economy and global reputation. Vocabulary Effort: An attempt to achieve something. Popularize: To make something widely known or used. Entrance Fee: A charge for admission to a place. Resources: Supplies of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be used to function effectively. Symbolize: To represent something. Heritage: Valued objects and qualities such as historic buildings and cultural traditions passed down from previous generations. Identity: The qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or group different from others. Insight: A deep understanding of a person or thing. Culture Shock: The feeling of disorientation experienced by someone when they are suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture or way of life. Tolerance: The ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular, the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with. Merits: The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward. Broaden Horizons: To expand one's range of interests, activities, and knowledge. Cuisine: A style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country, region, or establishment. Recharge Batteries: To regain energy or strength. Pollution: The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects. Preparations: The action or process of making ready or being made ready for use or consideration. Traffic Jam: A line or lines of stationary or very slow-moving traffic, caused by roadworks, an accident, or heavy congestion. Tranquil: Free from disturbance; calm. Hypnotize: To capture the whole attention of someone. Solitude: The state of being alone, especially when it is pleasant. Suffocate: To feel or cause to feel trapped and oppressed. Detrimental: Harmful. Balance: To keep or put something in a steady position so that it does not fall. Minimize: To reduce something, especially something bad, to the lowest possible level. Serene: Calm, peaceful, and untroubled. Concentrate: To focus all one's attention on a particular object or activity. Rationally: In a way that is based on reason or logic. Light-hearted: Cheerful and carefree. City Dwellers: People who live in a city. Secluded: Not seen or visited by many people; sheltered and private. Preoccupied: Dominated or engrossed by thoughts or concerns. Trivial: Of little value or importance.

What can people benefit from traveling? Traveling offers numerous benefits. Primarily, it allows people to broaden their horizons by experiencing new cultures, cuisines, and lifestyles. This exposure can enrich one's understanding of the world. Additionally, traveling provides a chance to let your hair down and recharge your batteries after a stressful period of work or study. A brief getaway can refresh and rejuvenate, leading to improved effectiveness upon return. Do you like to travel on your own or with your family? I prefer traveling on my own. When I travel solo, I enjoy greater freedom and independence. I can explore at my own pace, make spontaneous decisions, and fully immerse myself in the experience without having to coordinate with others. Traveling with family, while enjoyable, often involves planning and compromises, such as managing budgets or accommodating everyone’s needs. Solo travel allows me to reflect on my life and contemplate personal goals more deeply. Do you like to visit popular places or less-known places? I tend to prefer visiting popular tourist destinations. I find these places safer and more predictable, as I am familiar with them and know where to find good services. Additionally, established tourist spots often provide better amenities and less risk of getting ripped off. Conversely, while less-known places offer unique experiences and the chance to be a pioneer in discovering new destinations, they might lack the comfort and familiarity of more popular sites. Where do people like to travel in your country? Travel preferences vary by age and interest. For example, young Americans often seek out new and adventurous destinations that are less commercialized. In contrast, older people may prefer resorts or quaint villages where they can relax and enjoy a more tranquil environment. The choice of destination reflects a desire for relaxation or adventure depending on one’s stage in life. Is international travel popular with people in your country? Yes, international travel is becoming increasingly popular. Many people are now exploring destinations in Southeast Asia, such as Thailand and Cambodia, as well as other countries like China and Taiwan. This trend is facilitated by affordable flights and promotions from travel agencies, making international travel more accessible and affordable. What is the relationship between travel and the environment? Traveling can negatively impact the environment. For instance, transportation methods like coaches and trains contribute to air pollution through emissions. Additionally, travelers often litter and disregard environmental cleanliness, which can spoil the beauty of a destination. Efforts to mitigate these effects are essential to preserve the environment. 9.7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of traveling alone? Traveling alone offers the advantage of complete flexibility and freedom to create your own itinerary. You can adapt your plans as you wish and enjoy solitude. However, the downside is that it can sometimes be lonely, especially if you are alone without company or interaction. What are the differences between young people and old people when they go traveling? Young people often seek exciting and energetic activities like bungee jumping or water sports. They are more likely to engage in adventurous experiences. In contrast, older individuals generally prefer relaxation during their travels, such as reading books and sunbathing by the pool, enjoying a more leisurely pace. Why do some people prefer to travel abroad rather than in their own country? Well, you know, the grass is always greener on the other side, they say. Traveling abroad often brings a sense of adventure and the excitement of experiencing different cultures. Plus, there's that allure of exploring places that are totally different from what's in your backyard – it's like adding a dash of spice to the travel palette. Do you think traveling to another country can change the way people think? Absolutely! Traveling is like a mind-expanding journey. Experiencing new cultures, meeting different people, and navigating unfamiliar landscapes can broaden perspectives. It's like a crash course in empathy and understanding. So, yeah, it's not just a change of scenery; it's a change of mindset. Do you think it is good for children to experience life in a foreign country? Oh, without a doubt! It's like a real-life classroom, you know? Living in a foreign country exposes kids to diverse cultures, languages, and ways of life. It's not just about book learning; it's about building resilience, adaptability, and a global outlook. Plus, who wouldn't want to brag about their international adventures on the playground? How have holidays changed over the past few decades? Holidays have gone through a bit of a makeover, I'd say. Back in the day, it was more about traditional family gatherings and maybe a road trip. Now, with technology and easier travel, people are jetting off to exotic locations, documenting every moment for social media, and maybe even trying out unique, off-the-beaten-path experiences. It's like holidays have become more personalized and, in a way, more global. Do you think it is safer to travel now than in the past? Well, you've got your pros and cons, right? With advancements in technology, communication, and better infrastructure, travel has become more convenient and, in many ways, safer. There are GPS devices, emergency services, and a ton of information at your fingertips. But, you know, it's always good to stay vigilant and make smart choices, whether you're on the road or in the air. So, I'd say it's a mixed bag of improved safety measures and a good dose of personal responsibility. What do you think people can learn from traveling to other countries? Why? Traveling to other countries offers a wealth of learning opportunities, though it’s not always comprehensive. People can gain insights into different cultures, customs, and traditions that they might not encounter in their home country. For example, visiting historical sites or experiencing local festivals can provide a deeper understanding of a country’s heritage. While it’s impossible to learn everything in a short visit, travelers can still observe and appreciate unique aspects of life abroad. Seeing landmarks like the Eiffel Tower in person can be a memorable and educational experience, offering a firsthand perspective that goes beyond what one might learn from books or online resources. Can travel make a positive difference to the economy of a country? How? Absolutely, travel can positively impact a country’s economy. When tourists visit, they spend money on various goods and services, from accommodation and food to souvenirs and local attractions. This spending injects money into the local economy, which can boost economic activity and create jobs. Additionally, tourism can drive infrastructure development and improve facilities that benefit both visitors and residents. For instance, increased tourism often leads to better transportation and hospitality services. Furthermore, international visitors may establish professional and personal connections, fostering economic and cultural exchanges that further benefit the host country. Do you think a society can benefit if its members have experience of traveling to other countries? In what ways? Yes, a society can greatly benefit from members who have traveled internationally. Individuals who have traveled often bring back diverse perspectives and knowledge about global issues, cultural practices, and innovative ideas. They can share their experiences and insights with their community, enriching local understanding and broadening horizons. This exchange of knowledge can lead to increased cultural awareness, tolerance, and adaptability within the society. Moreover, travelers might inspire others to explore new ideas or approaches, contributing to personal and communal growth. Overall, the experiences of returning travelers can foster a more informed and interconnected society. Vocabulary Merit (noun): Quality of being good or worthy. Stand out (verb): Be noticeable or distinct. Broaden one’s horizon (phrase): Expand one's range of opportunities. Let hair down (idiom): Relax and enjoy oneself. Nerve-racking (adj): Causing anxiety or stress. Flying visit to (phrase): A short, brief visit. Recharge one’s batteries (phrase): Rest and recover to regain energy. To one’s heart’s content (phrase): As much as desired. Keep an eye on (phrase): Monitor or watch closely. On one’s own (phrase): Alone. Me time (phrase): Time spent relaxing alone. Contemplate (verb): Think deeply about something. Know like the back of my hand (idiom): Be very familiar with. Get ripped off (verb): Be cheated or overcharged. Have proclivity for (phrase): Have a tendency or preference. Breathtaking (adj): Extremely impressive or beautiful. Curious about (adj): Eager to learn. Brand new (adj): Completely new. Adverse impact (noun): Negative effect. Litter dropping (noun): Discarding trash improperly. A handful of (phrase): A small number. Bungee jumping (noun): Jumping from a height with a rubber cord. Soak up (verb): Absorb or enjoy something.

What measures should the government take to solve transportation problems? You know, addressing transportation issues is a bit of a multifaceted challenge, but one key step would be a substantial investment in expanding and enhancing public transportation infrastructure. We're talking about more buses, efficient train systems, and perhaps even exploring innovative modes like bike-sharing. Additionally, prioritizing road maintenance and optimizing traffic flow through synchronized traffic lights could significantly alleviate congestion. What types of public transport can be found in your country? Well, our public transport system is quite diverse. We've got buses that cover extensive routes, trains connecting major cities, and even ferries for water crossings. It's a mix that caters to the preferences and needs of different commuters, offering flexibility and options. What types of public transport do you use most? Personally, I find myself gravitating towards buses more often. They're convenient, with multiple stops, and provide an opportunity to observe the surroundings. Plus, from a budget perspective, they're a tad more economical, you know? Are there any public transport problems in your country? While our public transport system is functional, there are occasional hiccups like delays during rush hours and, at times, overcrowding. Maintenance could also be improved. However, these issues, while present, don't overshadow the overall efficiency of the system. How to encourage more people to take public transportation? Encouraging public transport adoption requires a multi-pronged approach. Making it more financially attractive through discounts or loyalty programs could be a start. Ensuring reliability and punctuality would build trust, and an extensive awareness campaign on environmental benefits could further incentivize people to leave their cars behind. What are the causes and contributing factors to traffic congestion? Traffic congestion is like a puzzle with numerous pieces. The sheer volume of vehicles on the road is a primary factor, coupled with inadequate public transport options and sometimes, less-than-ideal driving habits. Addressing these issues, along with promoting alternative transportation modes, could be key to untangling the traffic knots. At what age does the average person obtain a driver’s license? Typically, folks in our country embark on the journey to obtain a driver's license in their late teens, around 18 or 19 years old. It's that juncture where the allure of independence and mobility tends to peak. How do you think countries can reduce congestion on the roads? Reducing road congestion necessitates a holistic approach. Investing in robust public transport alternatives, promoting carpooling, and potentially re-evaluating work hours to stagger commuting times could collectively contribute. Additionally, incentivizing the use of public transport through discounts or perks might entice more people to opt for it. Is there any environment-friendly transportation in your area? Indeed, we do have a commendable effort with the introduction of electric buses in our region. It's a small step towards sustainable transportation, demonstrating a commitment to reducing the environmental footprint associated with public transit. Are there speed limits in your country? What is the penalty for speeding? Absolutely, speed limits are in place to ensure road safety. Exceeding these limits can lead to substantial fines. Our authorities take a stringent approach to curb speeding violations, emphasizing the importance of adhering to established limits. How important do you think it is to use public transportation? I firmly believe in the significance of public transportation. Beyond reducing traffic congestion and lowering individual carbon footprints, it fosters a sense of community and shared responsibility. It's not just a mode of commuting; it's a collective effort towards a more sustainable and interconnected society. Do you think city governments should discourage the use of privately driven cars within city limits? Absolutely, and there are various effective strategies to achieve this. Implementing congestion charges, establishing car-free zones, and prioritizing public spaces for pedestrians and cyclists could collectively discourage excessive reliance on private vehicles. It's about creating a balance that benefits both individuals and the broader urban environment. How could public transportation in your city be improved? Improving public transportation in our city requires a comprehensive approach. More frequent services, enhanced connectivity, and an overall upgrade of infrastructure could significantly enhance the commuting experience. A touch of aesthetics and comfort in the stations wouldn't hurt either – making it an inviting and efficient experience for all. Do you think that we ought to be obligated to drive electrical and solar-powered vehicles? While obligations might be a bit strong, encouraging the adoption of electric and solar-powered vehicles through incentives and awareness campaigns is certainly a prudent approach. It aligns with the global push towards sustainable living and addresses the environmental impact of traditional fuel-powered vehicles. Is public transportation in your city efficient? While our public transport system is functional, there's always room for improvement. Striving for greater efficiency, be it in terms of punctuality, frequency, or accessibility, would undoubtedly enhance the overall efficiency of the system. Is public transportation in your city too expensive? Affordability is indeed a consideration. While the cost may be a bit on the higher side for some, especially when compared to private transport, efforts could be made to explore subsidies, discounts, or other financial incentives to make public transportation a more attractive and feasible option for a broader demographic. Do you think that governments should encourage public transportation more? Absolutely, and it's not just about encouragement but strategic investment. Governments should actively invest in and promote public transportation as a cornerstone of sustainable urban development. This involves not only improving existing infrastructure but also fostering a cultural shift towards valuing and prioritizing communal modes of transit for the collective benefit of society. How do most people travel around cities in your country? Well, in our cities, you see a mix of transportation modes. A lot of folks rely on buses or trains, especially for daily commuting. Then there's the swarm of cars, bikes, and some people even scoot around on electric scooters. It's like a transportation buffet – a bit of everything. How do most people travel around your country? Now that's a journey! People in my country mostly use a combination of cars, trains, and buses, depending on where they're headed. If it's a short distance, maybe it's a bike or even walking. For longer trips between cities, you're looking at trains or maybe hopping on a plane if you're feeling fancy. What do you think of the public transportation in your country? Well, it's a bit of a mixed bag. In some places, the public transport system is top-notch – buses running like clockwork, trains zipping around efficiently. But in other areas, it could use a bit of a makeover, you know? More routes, maybe some spiffy upgrades – it's a work in progress. How could the public transportation be improved? Oh, there's always room for improvement! Maybe more frequent services, better connectivity between different modes of transport, and hey, how about some air conditioning on those buses during the scorching summer days? It's the little things that could make the whole experience smoother. How has transport changed over the last few decades? It's like a fast-forward button got pressed! Back in the day, it was more about buses, cars, and traditional trains. But now, you've got high-speed trains, electric cars, rideshares, and all sorts of techy innovations. It's like transport has gone from black and white to technicolor. Do you think trains are better than buses? Ah, it's a bit like comparing apples and oranges, you know? Trains are great for long distances – comfy seats, maybe a snack trolley. Buses, on the other hand, are handy for short trips, and you get to see more of the scenery. It really depends on the journey and what you're in the mood for. What do you think of budget air travel? Oh, it's a game-changer! Budget airlines have made flying more accessible for everyone. Sure, you might not get the five-star treatment, but you're in the air, right? It's like the democratization of the skies – everyone gets a shot at those aerial adventures. Do you think all transport will one day be run on green energy? I sure hope so! It's like the way forward, you know? Electric cars, eco-friendly buses, and maybe trains powered by sunshine – that's the dream. We've got to take care of Mother Earth, and green energy is like our ticket to a cleaner, greener future. Do you think people should walk more rather than use cars? Absolutely! I mean, a little stroll never hurt anyone. Walking is not just good for health, but it's also a chance to slow down, enjoy the surroundings, maybe chat with a neighbor. Of course, there are times when a car is necessary, but if we can swap a few rides for a nice walk, why not? It's like hitting two birds with one stone – fitness and fresh air. How do most people travel long distances in your country? In Malaysia, people have a bunch of options for long-distance travel. Most folks use buses, airplanes, or boats, depending on their destination. Tourists often opt for boats because they offer great views and a nice way to experience the scenery. Locals, on the other hand, prefer buses and flights. For shorter trips, many people use their own cars, but public transportation is still the go-to for most. Bus and air travel are pretty affordable, and you can usually book tickets online, by phone, or in person. Air travel is super convenient for getting to places quickly, and we have plenty of domestic and international flights to choose from. Have the types of transport people use changed much over the last few decades? Oh, definitely. Transportation in Malaysia has seen a lot of changes. A few decades ago, people mostly relied on land and waterways for getting around. But with modern advancements, air travel has really taken off—literally. We now have around 70 airports, with a good number serving international flights. Before, people would often travel by bus or even ship for international trips. Technology has really transformed how we get from A to B. My parents often talk about how people used to travel on foot or by very basic means, so I guess I’m pretty lucky to have all these options! What kinds of improvement have there been in transport in your country in recent years? There have been some noticeable improvements. Roads are smoother now, and public transport options within cities have definitely increased. Streets are also better maintained and more aesthetically pleasing. Public transport fares have become more affordable, and there are more vehicles on the road now, which means more options for getting around. However, with more vehicles, traffic congestion has become an issue. Service quality has improved too, with providers aiming to offer better experiences for commuters. Do you think transport is likely to continue to improve in the future? I think transport will keep evolving in Malaysia. It’s hard to predict exactly what changes will come, but I’m optimistic. For instance, I hope there will be better access to public transport for people in remote areas. Improvements in infrastructure, like adding shelters for waiting passengers and increasing the availability of public transport, would also be great. The future might bring more innovations that make travel even more convenient and efficient. What are the main means of transport in your city? In my city, motorbikes are the go-to for most people. They're super popular because they offer a lot of flexibility, especially in traffic jams—motorbikes can weave through traffic and get through tight spots where cars might get stuck. Plus, they’re easy to park almost anywhere, whether it’s in front of a store or a restaurant. And, let’s not forget, they’re pretty economical too, using a lot less petrol than cars. That said, the number of cars is increasing, which means we’re dealing with more traffic jams, especially during rush hours. How do you think road accidents can be prevented? I believe the key to preventing road accidents is education. If people are taught the rules of the road and understand the importance of following them, we can definitely reduce accidents. It's not just about educating drivers; pedestrians, motorcyclists, and cyclists all need to be aware of the rules too. While not every accident can be avoided, better education can lead to a significant drop in incidents. Why do people need to travel every day? People need to travel daily for various reasons. One major reason is communication. Being physically present can be far more effective than communicating over the phone or online. Whether it’s for work or personal matters, being there in person often helps in getting things done more efficiently. Additionally, travel is also part of leisure and recreation. For example, newlyweds might travel to celebrate their marriage, or people might go on trips to explore new places. So, travel plays a crucial role in meeting both practical and personal needs. What problems can people have when they are on their journey, for example to work or school? Why is this? Traveling can come with its share of problems. Traffic jams are a big one—they can waste a lot of time and are often caused by too many vehicles on narrow roads. Running out of gas is another issue; if drivers don’t keep an eye on their fuel levels, they might find themselves stuck. Accidents are also a risk, often due to violations of traffic rules or reckless driving. Whether it’s a minor fender-bender or a serious collision, accidents can disrupt travel and create additional stress. Some people say that daily journeys like these will not be so common in the future. Do you agree or disagree? Why? I disagree with that idea. The need for daily travel is likely to remain strong, if not increase. Even though we’ve seen growth in vehicle numbers and more routes being added, people’s need to commute for work, school, and other purposes isn’t going away. In fact, as the population grows and more destinations become accessible, daily travel might become even more common. Plus, I believe transportation systems will continue to improve, potentially reducing congestion and making travel smoother.

What kinds of sports are popular in your country? In my country, the sports landscape is diverse and vibrant. Football holds a special place in the hearts of many, with passionate fanbases cheering for their favorite teams. Cricket also enjoys immense popularity, and sports like basketball, tennis, and athletics have gained significant followings. What else can people do to keep fit besides sports? Beyond organized sports, staying fit involves a variety of activities. Regular exercise routines, hiking, yoga, or even dancing can contribute to overall fitness. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet and practicing mindfulness play crucial roles in promoting a healthy lifestyle. Do you think young people should play dangerous sports? While some argue that participating in dangerous sports builds resilience and character, safety remains a priority. It's crucial for young individuals to engage in activities that align with their skill level, under proper supervision, and with necessary safety precautions to avoid unnecessary risks. What do parents do to make their children like sports? Parents often play a pivotal role in fostering a love for sports in their children. They can introduce a variety of sports, attend games together, and emphasize the enjoyment of physical activity over winning. Creating a positive and supportive environment encourages children to see sports as fun and beneficial. Why are competition programs so popular? Competition programs tap into the human fascination with challenges, victories, and the spirit of overcoming obstacles. Whether it's sports competitions, reality TV shows, or other forms of contests, the thrill of competition, and the desire for success and recognition make these programs inherently appealing. Whom do you think will take part in the competition? Participants in competitions can vary widely. Athletes, enthusiasts, and even everyday individuals may choose to take part in competitions, driven by a desire for personal growth, recognition, or simply the joy of testing their skills in a competitive setting. Do people need competitive spirits at work? A certain level of competitive spirit can drive innovation and excellence in the workplace. Healthy competition fosters a dynamic environment, motivating individuals to enhance their skills and contribute to the overall success of the organization. What are the benefits of playing a sport? Engaging in sports offers a multitude of benefits. It promotes physical fitness, enhances mental well-being, instills discipline, and fosters teamwork and camaraderie. Additionally, sports teach valuable life skills such as goal-setting, perseverance, and the ability to handle success and failure. Do you think the types of sports that are popular will change in the future? The evolution of popular sports can be influenced by societal trends, technological advancements, and global events. Emerging sports and variations may gain prominence, reflecting shifts in preferences, accessibility, and cultural influences. Is there any violence at sporting events in your country? While most sporting events are characterized by passionate yet respectful fan engagement, incidents of violence can occur, particularly in high-stakes competitions. However, authorities often implement security measures to maintain a safe environment for participants and spectators. Why are some sports fans so passionate? Passionate sports fandom often stems from a deep connection to a team or athlete. It becomes a shared identity, providing a sense of belonging and an emotional outlet. The thrill of victories and the agony of defeats create a rollercoaster of emotions, fostering an enduring passion for the sport. Should athletes be better role models? Athletes, as public figures, carry a responsibility to be positive role models. Their actions and behavior, both on and off the field, influence the perceptions of their fans, especially younger audiences. Encouraging sportsmanship, fair play, and community involvement enhances their impact as role models. Is it important for a country to win lots of medals? While winning medals can boost national pride and unity, it's equally crucial to appreciate the broader significance of sports. Participation, sportsmanship, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle are fundamental aspects. Success in sports should be seen as a reflection of a country's dedication to physical well-being rather than the sole measure of its worth. How can sports bring people from different countries closer together? Sports serve as a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers. International competitions foster a sense of camaraderie, promoting mutual respect and understanding among nations. Shared moments of triumph and defeat create a platform for cultural exchange, promoting global unity through a common love for sports. Why are some sports fans so passionate? Answer: Well, you know, some folks are just head over heels for sports. They eat, sleep, and breathe it. It's like their go-to thing, more than movies or other stuff. I guess it's because, back in the day, lots of them used to play the game themselves. It's like a nostalgia trip, remembering those good ol' days when they were the ones scoring goals or hitting home runs. Also, growing up, everyone around them would lose their minds over a slam dunk or a winning goal, you know? So, it's like they caught that fever, that excitement. In my country, especially with football, you'll find young guns who are die-hard fans of certain teams. They're like the team's cheer squad, always on the edge of their seats, rooting for their squad. And let me tell you, these sports idols? They're like heroes to these youngsters, the ones they look up to and try to emulate. Is there any violence at sporting events in your country? Answer: Well, thankfully, violence is a rare bird in our sporting events. Mostly, it's just fans bantering back and forth, more words than fists. But, man, a few years back, there was this real unfortunate incident. Fans from rival teams went berserk, and it got ugly real quick. Three lives lost, and a bunch got seriously hurt. After that, they beefed up the stadium security big time to make sure things don't go south again. But, you know, it's mostly verbal sparring nowadays, thanks to social media. Fans vent their feelings online rather than throwing punches in the stands. Should athletes be better role models? Answer: Absolutely, mate. See, fans look up to these sports giants, not just for their mad skills but also as people. Most fans start following them for their jaw-dropping plays. But here's the thing, these fans can be like sponges, soaking up everything about their idols. And when these athletes lead not-so-great lives, it's like a letdown, you know? These superstars need to realize they're in the spotlight, and thousands are watching. It's not just about the game; it's about setting an example. Like, think of it as being a hero on and off the field. Kids emulate them, and if the role model's messing up, it's not good for anyone. So, yeah, it's not just about scoring goals; it's about scoring in life too. What benefits do international sporting events bring? Answer: Oh, international sports events are like a big, global party, bringing nations together. It's a break from the regular tension and fights. And, you know, people love a good competition. It's not just about the game; it's about the whole vibe, the energy. These events pull in folks from all corners, boosting tourism and giving local businesses a sweet boost. It's like a win-win. Plus, it's a kick for the little ones watching. They see these legends battling it out, and it's like a spark, making them wanna hit the field too. Sports, man, they're like a language that everyone speaks. It's got this power to influence politics, culture, and the economy, and that's pretty darn cool. Is it important for a country to win lots of medals? Answer: Well, everyone likes being on top, right? Having a bunch of medals is like showing off your muscles on the world stage. But honestly, it's not the end-all-be-all. Take the Olympics, for example. It's not just about the gold bling; it's about the spirit, the camaraderie. Small countries, even if they snag a couple of medals, it's a big deal. It's like a victory dance for the underdogs. Being there, performing your heart out, that's the real win. It's not just about representing your country; it's about representing humanity. So, yeah, a medal haul is sweet, but the real gold is in the experience and unity these events bring. The money professional sportsmen earn is significantly higher than that the earning of other professionals. Is it justified? Answer: Oh, you betcha it is. Look, only a handful of these sports hotshots rake in the big bucks. And you gotta consider, their careers are like shooting stars – brilliant but short-lived. The crazy training, the constant grind, it's no walk in the park. So, when they hit the field and pull off those mind-blowing moves, they deserve the jackpot. It's not just about the game; it's the whole package. And, hey, people are paying top dollar to watch them perform. Brands are shelling out big bucks to have them as their face. It's legit, transparent moolah coming their way. Long story short, if they're pulling in the crowds and bringing in the cash, why not let them swim in a pool of dollar bills? Outdoor and Indoor Sports What are the most popular outdoor sports in your country? In my country, people really get a kick out of outdoor sports like volleyball, tennis, and basketball. But football takes the cake as the most popular sport. It’s something that people of all ages get excited about. Whether it’s watching a match on TV or hitting the field to play, football is a real crowd-pleaser. You’ll often see groups of friends or families coming together to enjoy a game whenever they get the chance. Do people like to play indoor sports or outdoor sports? It really depends on who you ask. Kids are usually drawn to indoor sports like indoor football or swimming, mainly because parents want to keep them out of harm’s way. On the flip side, adults often find outdoor sports like football or volleyball more appealing. There’s something about the fresh air and the chance to bond with others that makes outdoor sports a hit, especially after a long, stressful week. What are the benefits for children to play outdoor games? Outdoor games offer a ton of benefits for kids. For starters, they’re a great way for children to get some exercise, which helps them stay fit and strong. Running around and playing sports like football builds their muscle strength and flexibility. Moreover, outdoor games give kids the chance to sharpen their social skills. By playing with others, they learn teamwork and cooperation, and they get to know their peers better. Plus, being outdoors exposes them to nature and helps them develop a sense of their environment. And let’s not forget, outdoor games are a fantastic way for children to blow off steam and have fun. It’s not just about physical benefits; it also helps them build confidence and learn how to handle both wins and losses. How important is sport to a person? Sports are a big deal in our lives. With all the hustle and bustle of modern life, it’s crucial to stay fit and keep our stress in check. Sports are a great way to blow off steam and keep ourselves in shape. Plus, they’re a lot of fun! Take Vietnam, for example; people there are really into starting their day with a jog or hitting the gym. Sports are a bit like a lifeline for many, helping them to stay healthy and unwind from daily pressures. What do you think are the major problems in sports? Ah, where to start? Doping is a huge problem. It’s like a bad apple that spoils the whole bunch, ruining the integrity of sports and putting athletes' health at risk. Then there’s extreme patriotism, which can sometimes turn nasty. Instead of celebrating sportsmanship, it can lead to hostile behavior, like with those infamous football hooligans. It’s crucial to tackle these issues head-on to keep sports fair and friendly. What is more important, to win or to participate? Winning is always sweet, and it’s what most athletes dream of. It pushes you to go the extra mile and achieve your goals. But let’s not forget the value of participation. Just being part of a competition is an achievement in itself. It’s like proving to yourself that you’ve got what it takes to be there. Winning is the cherry on top, but participating shows you’ve already achieved a lot. Should dangerous sports such as boxing, bullfighting, and wrestling be banned by law? That’s a tough call. On one hand, these sports can be really risky and lead to serious injuries or worse. Just think about those tragic climbing accidents. On the other hand, people should have the freedom to choose their sports. Maybe instead of banning them, we should focus on making them safer. Proper training and safety measures could help minimize the risks without taking away people’s choices. What types of sports are popular in your country? In India, sports are like a national passion. Cricket is the king, no doubt about it. It’s followed with almost religious fervor. Then there’s soccer, badminton, and even kabaddi. Recently, motorsports have been revving up interest, and chess is still a big hit. Although soccer hasn’t quite hit the big leagues like cricket, people’s love for sports means you’ll find fans cheering from the stands or waiting in long lines for tickets. What are the benefits of playing a sport? Playing sports is like hitting the jackpot for your health. First off, you get a great workout, which is essential for keeping diseases at bay. Mentally, it’s a fantastic stress-buster and can lift your mood. Socially, it’s a great way to meet people and build friendships. Whether you’re in the game or cheering from the sidelines, sports help you connect with others and feel part of something bigger. Do you think the types of sport that are popular will change in the future? It’s definitely possible. With the rise of virtual sports and online gaming, traditional sports might see a shift. People are increasingly glued to their screens, which could affect how they engage with physical sports. While classics like chess and cricket still have their charm, the growing trend of digital entertainment could change the landscape of sports. It’s a bit of a mixed bag, but the future will tell. How can sports bring people from different countries closer together? Sports are like a universal language that brings people together. When there’s an international event, it’s like a melting pot where people from different backgrounds come together to watch and cheer. This shared experience helps break down barriers and build friendships. It’s amazing how a love for the game can create bonds and make the world feel a little smaller and friendlier. Sports in School: Do you think that sport is important in school? Absolutely, sports are crucial in schools. They’re not just about playing games; they’re a big part of shaping students into well-rounded individuals. Schools aren’t just about hitting the books—students need to be prepared for the future, and being physically fit is a big part of that. Sports help students stay active, which is essential for their overall health. Plus, sports create a great environment for students to develop social skills and teamwork. They learn how to work with others, manage wins and losses, and balance responsibilities. In short, sports give students a chance to grow in ways that go beyond academics. Why do you think it is important? Sports in schools are a real game-changer. For one, they boost self-esteem. Research shows that students who play sports often excel academically, too. It’s not just about physical fitness—sports help students manage stress, build stamina, and develop teamwork skills. When students work together to achieve a common goal, they learn how to collaborate and support each other, which spills over into their academic life. The bonds formed on the field or court can really enhance their ability to work as a team in the classroom as well. Do you like team or individual sports? Why? I’m more into team sports. There’s something special about working together towards a common goal. When you’re part of a team, the pressure is spread out, and everyone contributes their strengths, which increases the chances of winning. Plus, being on a team is a fantastic way to make new friends and improve social skills. You’re constantly interacting, sharing ideas, and supporting each other. Even if you don’t win, the experience of working together and building those connections is incredibly valuable. To me, that team spirit and camaraderie make team sports a lot more enjoyable. Sports and Fitness: What do you do to keep fit? Great question! I keep fit mainly by riding my bicycle. Since I work long hours at my office and can’t fit in other types of exercise, cycling has been a real game-changer for me. I use it to commute to and from work, which not only helps me stay active but also saves on travel time. Over the past six months, I’ve noticed a real difference—I've shed some extra pounds and built muscle. It’s become an integral part of my routine, and I’m loving the results! Are you good at sport? Yeah, I’m pretty decent at sports. When I was younger, sports were a huge part of my life, and I was involved in various competitions. I especially enjoyed tennis and even managed to come second in an inter-college championship. Tennis is still my favorite, but I also like playing other sports like football and martial arts. I think the skills I picked up back in the day have stuck with me, and it’s fun to keep those sports in my life. What sports do you play? I’m really into tennis, both lawn and table tennis, but I’m definitely better at lawn tennis. I also dabble in martial arts, golf, football, and a few others. Cricket is another sport I enjoy, especially because it's a team game where you don’t feel the weight of a loss on your shoulders alone. I love the camaraderie of team sports, even if individual wins or losses can be a bit more personal. What is the most popular sport in your country? In Vietnam, football is by far the most popular sport. It's a huge deal here, and people are passionate about it. Cricket is also catching on, though it’s not as big yet. Additionally, sports like rugby and tennis are gaining traction. Chess holds a special place too, with the country often doing well in international competitions. And, of course, martial arts have a strong presence. What are the best ways to keep fit? There are a bunch of great ways to stay fit. Running is fantastic because it builds muscle and burns calories. Walking is another excellent option—easy to do and suitable for all ages. Cycling is also a solid choice, and it’s convenient if you’re commuting. Unfortunately, many people nowadays are a bit sedentary, but integrating some form of exercise into daily life can really help maintain good health. What is the most popular form of exercise in your country? Walking is incredibly popular in Vietnam. People often start their day with a morning walk, usually in parks where they can enjoy the fresh air. It’s a simple yet effective way to stay active and is considered great for heart health and overall well-being. The popularity of walking probably has a lot to do with its accessibility and the benefits it offers. Do you think people in your country are less healthy than they used to be? Actually, I don’t think that’s the case. People in Vietnam seem to be maintaining good health overall. They’re eating nutritious food, getting exercise, and leading balanced lifestyles. The average lifespan is increasing, and the incidence of many diseases is decreasing. So, from my perspective, people are quite healthy and managing their health well. How can we encourage young people to stay healthy? To encourage young people to stay healthy, we need to raise awareness about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. Motivational campaigns can be effective, as can making health-related activities engaging and fun. If young people understand the importance of staying active and healthy, they’re more likely to make it a part of their daily routine. Creating environments that promote physical activity and educating them on health topics can also make a big difference. Should governments intervene to force people to be healthier? I don’t think it’s right for the government to force people to be healthier. Health is a personal choice, and people should have the freedom to make their own decisions. However, governments can play a role by promoting health education and providing resources that make it easier for people to make healthy choices. Why do some people not like sports? Some people might see sports as an extra chore or simply lack the motivation to get active. Others might be self-conscious or feel intimidated by the prospect of competing. Busy schedules and a general lack of interest can also be factors. It often comes down to personal preference and priorities. What kind of sports do Vietnamese people like? Why? Badminton is a favorite sport in Vietnam. It’s accessible and enjoyable for many people. Shadow boxing, especially among the older generation, is also popular. Recently, there’s been a growing interest in imported sports like yoga. This reflects the country’s openness to new ideas and its growing enthusiasm for a variety of physical activities. Should the government support sports? Yes, I believe the government should support sports. Investing in public facilities and promoting physical activity can significantly improve people’s health and quality of life. Support for sports can also increase public awareness about the importance of exercise and create more opportunities for people to stay active. Why do young people like some dangerous sports, like bungee jumping, even though some have injured or lost their lives? Young people often seek excitement and new experiences, which can make dangerous sports appealing. The thrill of adventure and the chance to push boundaries can be very enticing. Additionally, some young people may use these activities as a way to escape stress or prove their bravery. While the risks are real, the appeal of the adrenaline rush often outweighs the potential dangers for them. What is the difference between young people and old people in their attitudes towards sports? Young people often focus on gaining experiences and pushing limits, which makes them more interested in extreme or adventure sports. In contrast, older people are usually more concerned with maintaining good health and enjoying their later years, so they might prefer gentler activities that focus on well-being and relaxation. Compare the advantages and disadvantages between indoor and outdoor sports. Both indoor and outdoor sports have their perks and drawbacks. Indoor sports benefit from stable weather conditions and modern facilities, but they can be crowded and stuffy, especially during peak times. Outdoor sports offer fresh air and more space, but they’re subject to weather conditions and sometimes lack the facilities available indoors. It really depends on what you’re looking for and what suits your preferences best. Should tobacco companies be allowed to sponsor sports activities? I don’t think tobacco companies should sponsor sports events. While they provide necessary funding, the association with tobacco could send the wrong message, especially to young people. Sports events should promote healthy lifestyles, and it might be better to seek sponsorship from companies that align with those values. EXTREME SPORTS: Why do you think it is that some people like to take part in dangerous sports? I think for a lot of people, it's all about seeking a thrill and breaking the monotony of everyday life. Back in the day, our ancestors faced real dangers like wild animals, but nowadays, many of us spend our days stuck in an office. Extreme sports offer a way to feel that rush and excitement that’s missing from our routine. It’s like chasing a bit of the wild excitement that our ancestors might have felt, but in a safer, controlled environment. What kind of precautions should be taken while doing such sports? Safety is key when you’re diving into extreme sports. It’s crucial to wear the right protective gear—helmets, pads, and anything else that suits the sport you’re doing. Also, make sure your equipment is top-notch and well-maintained. While it’s impossible to eliminate all risks, proper safety measures can reduce them significantly. Just remember, even with the best precautions, there's always a bit of risk involved. Should people with families and children dependent on them do such sports? I’d say it’s a tricky situation. While I get the appeal of seeking thrills, it’s important to consider the impact on loved ones. It wouldn’t be fair to put your family through the potential trauma of losing a parent just for the sake of an adrenaline rush. It’s about balancing personal excitement with the responsibilities you have towards your family. Do you think women are interested in such sports? Absolutely, some women are definitely into extreme sports. It’s true that more men participate, but that’s not to say women aren’t interested. Women who do engage in these sports are often just as passionate and daring. The difference in numbers might come down to various factors, but the interest and enthusiasm for extreme sports are there for both genders. Vocabulary and Phrases: Get a kick out of (phrase): To enjoy something very much. Take the cake (idiom): To be the best or most notable in some way. Crowd-pleaser (noun): Something that everyone likes. On the flip side (phrase): Looking at the opposite side of a situation. Blow off steam (phrase): To release pent-up energy or emotions

What do you think are the major causes of the generation gap between the young and their parents? The major cause is a lack of communication. Many young people keep their personal problems from their parents and prefer to live according to their own abilities and wishes. They are better educated and less dependent on their parents. They also have different opinions on many matters, such as marriage and career choices. Can you give an example to illustrate your opinion? Sure, for instance, young people today believe that an unhappy couple should divorce rather than stay together for the sake of the children, while older generations often think the opposite. Another example is that parents believe the first duty of a couple is to their children's happiness, whereas young people think they have a duty to themselves first. Do you think this is a culture-specific phenomenon? No, I don't think this problem is unique to Vietnam. The desire for independence from parents is observed worldwide. Young people everywhere are eager to change and need freedom from their elders' rules to start a new life. This issue is even more pronounced in Western countries. What are the influences of modern information media on this generation gap? Modern media, like TV, the Internet, and novels, expose young people to different cultures and ideas, which many adults neither understand nor care to explore. Parents often blame themselves for being too permissive and not setting enough boundaries. The saying "spare the rod, spoil the child" suggests that too much leniency can be harmful. Many parents find it difficult to discuss serious topics like drugs, love, and money with their children, who are influenced by media figures. It's crucial for parents to recognize that their children want to live their own lives as they grow up. How has technology contributed to the generation gap? Technology has significantly widened the generation gap. Younger generations are typically more adept at using new technologies like smartphones, social media, and the internet, while older generations may struggle to keep up. This difference in technological fluency can lead to misunderstandings and a lack of common ground. Do you think the generation gap has always existed, or is it a recent phenomenon? The generation gap has always existed to some extent, as each generation grows up with different experiences and societal norms. However, it has become more pronounced in recent decades due to rapid technological advancements and shifting cultural values. What role do cultural values play in the generation gap? Cultural values play a significant role in the generation gap. Older generations often hold traditional values and beliefs, while younger generations may adopt more progressive and liberal views. This can lead to conflicts in areas such as lifestyle choices, career paths, and social issues. Can the generation gap ever be completely bridged? Completely bridging the generation gap is unlikely because each generation is shaped by its unique historical context. However, fostering open communication and mutual respect can help to narrow the gap and promote understanding between generations. How do you think the generation gap affects family relationships? The generation gap can strain family relationships if not managed well. Differences in opinions and lifestyles can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. However, it can also present an opportunity for families to learn from each other and grow closer by embracing diversity in perspectives. What can parents do to reduce the generation gap with their children? Parents can reduce the generation gap by actively listening to their children, showing interest in their lives, and being open to new ideas and technologies. Building a strong foundation of trust and communication is crucial for bridging the gap. How do generational differences impact workplaces? Generational differences can impact workplaces in various ways. Younger employees may bring innovative ideas and tech-savviness, while older employees offer experience and stability. Managing these differences effectively can lead to a more dynamic and productive work environment. Do you think educational systems should address the generation gap? Yes, educational systems should address the generation gap by promoting intergenerational understanding and respect. This can be achieved through inclusive curricula that highlight the contributions of different generations and foster collaboration between students of various ages. How do social changes contribute to the generation gap? Social changes, such as shifts in gender roles, increased cultural diversity, and evolving norms around work and family life, contribute to the generation gap. These changes can create different expectations and values between generations, leading to misunderstandings. What are some common misconceptions younger generations have about older generations? Younger generations often misconceive older generations as being out of touch, resistant to change, or technologically inept. While there may be some truth to these perceptions, many older individuals are adaptable and willing to learn. Breaking down these stereotypes is essential for fostering intergenerational harmony.

Is it possible for women to join the army in your country? Absolutely! In my country, women can definitely join the army. In fact, over the past few years, there has been a positive shift in societal attitudes, and it's now widely accepted that both men and women can serve in the armed forces. It's a great stride towards gender equality, and it reflects the changing dynamics in our society. Is it compulsory for men to join the army in your country? No, it's not compulsory for men to join the army in my country. While there is a military service option, it's not mandatory, and individuals have the freedom to choose whether they want to pursue a career in the military or not. This approach allows people to follow their interests and passions, contributing to a diverse range of professions across different sectors. In your country, are the responsibilities of a mother the same as the responsibilities of a father to their families? Well, the responsibilities of a mother and a father in my country are evolving, and there's a growing acknowledgment that parenting duties should be shared. Traditionally, mothers were often associated with caregiving, but nowadays, fathers are actively participating in child-rearing and household responsibilities. It's becoming more of a team effort, fostering stronger family bonds. What are the responsibilities of a father/mother in a family? The responsibilities of a father and mother in a family extend beyond just providing financial support. While traditionally fathers were seen as breadwinners, today both parents are expected to be actively involved in nurturing and raising their children. It involves not only earning a living but also emotional support, guidance, and creating a harmonious home environment. What behaviors are deemed as appropriate for men but inappropriate for women? In terms of behaviors, societal norms have changed, and there's a broader acceptance of diverse expressions of masculinity and femininity. Previously, certain behaviors were stereotypically associated with gender, but now, it's more about individual choices and personal preferences rather than strict gender expectations. What habits are deemed as appropriate for men but inappropriate for women? I believe that habits are more about personal choices rather than strict gender norms nowadays. While there might be lingering stereotypes, society is becoming more accepting of individual preferences. Both men and women can pursue the habits they enjoy without being confined by outdated expectations. What jobs are deemed as appropriate for men but inappropriate for women? Fortunately, the perception of suitable jobs for men and women is changing. In the past, certain professions were stereotypically associated with gender, but now there's a greater understanding that individuals should pursue careers based on their skills and interests rather than conforming to gender norms. So, both men and women have the freedom to choose diverse career paths. Are men and women equal in ability and intelligence? Absolutely! Men and women are equal in ability and intelligence. It's essential to recognize that capabilities are not determined by gender but by individual potential and dedication. The idea of equality is gaining momentum, and people are increasingly valuing skills and abilities over outdated gender stereotypes. Are more doctors female or male in your country? Interestingly, there has been a notable increase in the number of female doctors in my country. Women are making significant strides in the medical field, and it's becoming more balanced. This shift reflects the changing dynamics in educational and professional opportunities, providing women with the chance to pursue careers in traditionally male-dominated fields. Are more professional musicians female or male in your country? In the realm of professional musicians, the gender balance has been shifting, and it's becoming more equitable. While there might have been a time when the industry was predominantly male, now we see a diverse mix of talented female and male musicians, contributing their unique styles to the music scene. Are more teachers female or male in your country? Teaching is a profession where we often see a higher representation of females in my country. It's a positive trend as it brings diverse perspectives into education. However, there's also a growing awareness that both male and female teachers contribute significantly to the development of students, and efforts are being made to encourage more gender diversity in the teaching profession. What things can either men or women do that the other cannot do and why? While there are biological differences, in terms of abilities and capabilities, there's not much that one gender can do that the other cannot. Modern society is moving towards recognizing individual strengths and talents rather than imposing limitations based on gender. Both men and women can excel in a wide range of fields and activities. Is it OK for men to cry? Absolutely! It's perfectly okay for men to cry. Expressing emotions is a natural and healthy part of being human, irrespective of gender. Society is becoming more understanding, acknowledging that everyone, including men, needs a way to release emotions. It's a positive shift toward breaking down stereotypes and promoting emotional well-being. Is it common for women and men to take part in sporting activities? Yes, it's quite common for both women and men to actively participate in sporting activities in my country. Sports have become a universal platform where gender distinctions are fading away. Whether it's on the field, in the gym, or in recreational settings, people of all genders are embracing a more inclusive approach to sports and physical activities. Are there more male or female managers and executives? Why do you think this is? Currently, there is still a higher representation of male managers and executives in my country. This can be attributed to historical gender biases and stereotypes that have influenced leadership roles. However, there is a growing awareness of the importance of gender diversity in leadership, and efforts are being made to create more opportunities for women to excel in managerial and executive positions. What jobs do men do and women don’t in your country? In my country, there's a shift away from strict gender-based job roles. While there might still be some lingering stereotypes, more and more men and women are breaking through traditional barriers and pursuing careers based on their skills and interests rather than conforming to outdated norms. The idea is to encourage diversity and equal opportunities for everyone, regardless of gender. Are men highly regarded in the community? Men have traditionally enjoyed a privileged status in many communities, although this is gradually changing. While men still hold a certain level of respect, especially in poorer sections of society, there's a noticeable shift towards merit-based recognition rather than gender-based. The focus is increasingly on individual capabilities and achievements rather than gender. Are there gender role biased issues in your country? What are they? Despite progress, gender biases persist in India. Although there are laws and awareness initiatives aimed at ensuring gender equality, challenges remain. For instance, women often face extended periods of delay in advancing to higher corporate positions, and there are fewer resources available to support women entrepreneurs. Efforts like SEBI’s mandate for gender diversity on corporate boards are steps in the right direction, but gaps still exist. Are women workers often promoted at their workplace? Women are promoted based on their talent and performance, but there are still barriers as they advance in their careers. High-level promotions can be challenging for women due to various systemic and cultural factors. While meritocracy is recognized, the pathway to higher positions can be more arduous for women. Do gender issues affect the development of a country? Yes, gender issues can significantly impact a country’s development. Societies with greater gender equality are likely to experience more comprehensive progress and development. Gender discrimination can create dissatisfaction and hinder collective advancement. When all genders are empowered, a country can achieve more balanced and inclusive growth. Why do you think we need to discuss issues about gender? Discussing gender issues is crucial for fostering a fair and equitable society. Addressing gender-based discrimination helps ensure that everyone can enjoy equal opportunities and rights. It contributes to overall societal well-being and progress, as every individual deserves to live without discrimination and with equal chances to thrive. What, if any, measures has your national government implemented to combat gender-based discrimination or prejudice? The Indian government has implemented several measures to combat gender-based discrimination. Initiatives include: Swadhar and Short Homes: Providing shelter for destitute women. Working Women Hostels: Ensuring safety and accommodation for working women away from home. Rashtriya Mahila Kosh: Offering micro-finance services to uplift poor women socio-economically. One Stop Centre: Providing integrated support for women affected by violence. These measures aim to address gender disparities and support women’s rights, contributing to a more equitable society. What do you think are the causes of income inequality? Income inequality arises when the benefits of economic growth are not evenly distributed among the population. For instance, China, despite its high GDP growth rates, experiences significant income inequality. Contributing factors include inadequate regulations, such as low income taxes on the wealthy and legal barriers that hinder small business owners from accessing loans to expand their operations. What can governments do to reduce income inequality in their countries? Governments can take several measures to reduce income inequality: Support for Entrepreneurship: Encourage lower and middle-class individuals to start businesses by offering low interest rates on loans. Improving Social Mobility: Implement policies that enhance social mobility, such as providing financial support for homeowners. Fair Taxation: Ensure that income taxes are fair and transparent, with the wealthy contributing their share similar to lower-income individuals. Why is it important for a society to experience a decent level of gender equality? Gender equality is crucial for both economic and social benefits. Research indicates that equal pay for women can boost global economic productivity. Moreover, gender equality promotes social stability by reducing gender-related protests and helps instill values of respect and appreciation for both genders in the younger generation. What are the negative impacts of gender inequality? Gender inequality can have several detrimental effects: Economic Impact: When women are confined to domestic roles, their potential economic contribution is lost. For example, Japan has seen negative economic effects due to low female workforce participation. Political Instability: Gender inequality can lead to political unrest as activists protest for women's rights and equality. What do you think are a more precise indicator of social development, economic growth indexes or gender and income equality indexes? Ideally, both economic growth and equality indexes should be considered to gauge social development comprehensively. Economic growth reflects a country's ability to produce and sell goods, which impacts living standards. However, equality indexes—measuring gender and income equality—are also essential as they indicate how evenly resources are distributed across different social groups. A balance of high economic growth and equitable distribution is crucial for sustainable development. Is there sex discrimination in Vietnam? That's an interesting question. While women in Vietnam have made significant strides in terms of status both at home and in society, there are still some areas where discrimination persists. Women work alongside men and are quite independent, thanks to their own incomes. We practice equal work and equal pay. However, male graduates often find it easier to secure jobs, and in the countryside, there's still a strong preference for sons over daughters. How do you describe women's conditions in Vietnam? In urban areas, women generally enjoy the same rights as men. They have access to education and job opportunities. However, in the countryside, men often dominate family dynamics, and women are more likely to be attached to their husbands' status. It's harder for rural women to get a good education or find well-paying jobs. What are the causes of sex discrimination? There are several reasons for sex discrimination, but the main ones include traditional views that men should play the primary role in the family and society. Men are often seen as the breadwinners and the main labor force. Additionally, women are often wrongly perceived as the weaker sex, both physically and psychologically. What do you think of the equality between men and women in Vietnam? In general, men and women are equal in many aspects of Vietnamese society. They have equal opportunities for education and employment and enjoy similar social status and pay. However, in some regions, particularly rural areas, women still don't enjoy the same rights as men. In many male-dominated families, wives have little say in family matters. What role do you think women are playing in economic development? Women are increasingly playing a crucial role in economic development, both globally and within families. Although women have repeatedly proven their capabilities, it remains challenging for them to balance career success with family life. When a career woman marries, she often has to take time off to care for her family and children, making it difficult to keep up with career advancements and changes in her field upon her return. Should women stop work and go back home to take care of their family? No, I don't think so. Some argue that educated women contribute to unemployment by competing with men for limited job opportunities and suggest that women should return to traditional roles. Historically, women in Vietnam played minor roles, but this is outdated thinking. If a woman gives up her career, she may feel unfulfilled and could be at a disadvantage. An empty life and potential desertion are real risks. How far do you think women have equal access to jobs with men in modern society? Women still face challenges in achieving equal access to jobs. A recent survey showed that men tend to hold more managerial and professional positions, while women are often in traditionally "feminine" roles like nursing, teaching, and office work. However, there are more and more women pioneering into other fields, challenging these stereotypes. New are the society? Women are no longer seen as the inferior sex, although some men still think women rely more on intuition and instinct than on reasoning. With the Women's Liberation Movement, many women have realized that, given equal opportunities, they can be just as smart and capable as men. To be respected and acknowledged, women must continue to strive for self-esteem, pride, self-confidence, and independence.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping? “I think buying things over the internet has several benefits over shopping in physical stores. One of the biggest advantages is the ability to compare different products and read reviews from customers who have already bought them. Then, of course, there is the convenience factor. People can buy almost anything they want while sitting on the couch in their pajamas.” Are there any disadvantages? “Yes, there definitely are some drawbacks. With products like clothes, it’s better if you can see the item in person to check if it fits and looks good on you. Also, many people are concerned about security. They worry that their credit card details or other personal information might be stolen, although most sites have good theft prevention and refund policies.” Will people use online shopping more often in the future? “I think so. As technology like virtual reality develops, people will be able to test products better before they purchase them. Additionally, there's a trend toward doing more activities online. With the rise of digital currencies, like Bitcoin, and the advent of drone deliveries, I believe online shopping will become even more prevalent.” What type(s) of shop would you recommend a visitor to your country should go to? (Why?) “If travelers want an authentic and unforgettable experience during their journey, I highly recommend they visit traditional markets or street food stands. Here, they can taste diverse and flavorful street foods. Street vendors offer a wide range of delicious dishes and a true local dining experience.” Do you ever buy anything on the internet? “Most of the clothing items I’ve ever bought are from ABC, an online fashion shop where you can find everything you need to become a stylish lady. From sexy little black dresses for parties to formal blouses for the office, ABC won’t let you down. E-commerce and online shopping have become trends due to their convenience and optimal user experience. I no longer spend 30 minutes driving to clothing shops and another 2 hours choosing and trying on everything. With just my laptop and a cup of coffee, I can easily shop from home with even more choices. The internet really works magic.” What do you think are the advantages of buying things on the internet? “Online shopping has become prevalent in recent years for several reasons. First and foremost, it is incredibly time-saving. Time is the most precious asset everyone has, but many take it for granted. Instead of spending hours driving to your favorite malls for new clothes, your problem can be solved with just an internet connection and your fine taste in fashion. No energy is needed, either. Secondly, you always get the best deals when subscribing to online stores, saving you tons of money. Some shops even offer exclusive promotions for loyal customers. Lastly, you can easily switch from site to site to have even more choices without moving anything but your fingers. How awesome is that?” Are there any disadvantages (or dangers) of buying on the internet? (What?) “Every cloud has a silver lining. Online shopping and e-commerce are true advancements in the modern world, but their drawbacks can’t be overlooked. Cybersecurity isn’t 100% foolproof. I’ve heard about users’ information being leaked, which can be a serious threat to customers. Another concern is overspending due to constant exposure to preferred products. Technology has advanced to the point where shopping sites, especially on social media, use algorithms to track your shopping habits and remind you of their latest items. It’s a clever yet annoying tool.” Do you like window shopping? (Why?/Why not?) “I must say I’m not a big fan of window shopping, despite being a shopaholic. Window shopping can worsen my financial status rather than help. Admittedly, it pleases your eyes to look at gorgeous clothing and fancy handbags, but the temptation is too much for many people to resist. As a result, you end up drowning in debt just because the urge to be trendy gets a better hold of you than your modest budget. Knowing myself well enough, I’d rather stay home than go window shopping.” In your country, how has shopping changed in the past few decades? “Just like other parts of the world, Singapore has seen dramatic changes in shopping habits. People now tend to buy things online and have them delivered to their homes, regardless of the items. This includes everything from pizzas and clothing to kitchen appliances. Additionally, international trade has given customers easy access to a wider range of products and services from both domestic and foreign suppliers. Many items are imported to meet the demands of local users, including food, beverages, cosmetics, and cars.” Do you think people spend too much time (or money) on shopping? (Why?/Why not?) “I can’t say for sure because the amount of time spent on shopping varies among people. However, thanks to the advent of the internet and online shopping, the time spent on shopping might be relatively less than it used to be. People seem busier, and their schedules are tighter with more important tasks than shopping. Therefore, I don’t think shopping is a priority for most people; it’s just a necessary activity to get on with life.” Is shopping a popular activity in your country? Oh, absolutely! Shopping is practically a national pastime in Singapore. Our shopping malls are always buzzing with people, both locals and tourists. It’s not just about buying stuff; it’s a whole experience. You’ll find everything from high-end fashion and gadgets to toys and cosmetics. And the best part? The quality is top-notch, and prices are quite reasonable compared to other countries. We even get some pretty sweet discounts during Christmas and New Year. So, yeah, shopping here is a big deal! How have shopping habits changed over recent years? Shopping habits have seen quite a transformation lately. Back in the day, people would shop maybe once or twice a year, but now it’s an all-year-round affair. The rise of shopping malls has played a big part in this change. These malls were initially built to cater to tourists, but locals quickly caught on to the convenience and variety they offer. Nowadays, people prefer the fixed prices and the wide range of products in malls over the haggling and limited choices at street markets. Though street markets still have their charm and loyal customers, the ease and comfort of mall shopping are hard to beat. To what extent do you think advertising affects the way people shop? Advertising is a huge influencer on shopping habits, no doubt about it. It’s like that little nudge that reminds us we need something or introduces us to something we didn’t even know we wanted. I mean, who hasn’t bought a pack of chips or a new gadget because of a catchy ad? Advertisements are designed to persuade and they do a pretty good job of it. They can even make us change our minds about what we were going to buy. So, yeah, advertising has a pretty significant impact on our shopping decisions. Do you think shopping habits are likely to change in the future? Oh, for sure! With the rise of e-commerce, we’re already seeing a shift in how people shop. The convenience of shopping online, from the comfort of your home, is unbeatable. You can compare prices, read reviews, and find exactly what you’re looking for with just a few clicks. I think we’re heading towards a future where physical visits to shopping malls might become less frequent, as more people turn to online shopping. E-commerce is already here, and it’s only going to get bigger and better. Describe the shopping habits of the Vietnamese people. In Vietnam, shopping habits vary quite a bit. Many people prefer small, local stores where they know the salesperson and can have a more personal shopping experience. Others enjoy the variety and convenience of large shopping malls, where they can find everything they need in one place. Price comparison is a big thing, too. Shoppers will often check out prices at different stores and go for the best deal. What do you think of the prospect of e-commerce? E-commerce is definitely the way of the future. It’s super convenient—you can shop from home, compare prices, and find exactly what you need without all the hassle of going to a store. However, there are still some kinks to work out. People need to trust that they’re getting what they pay for and that their purchases will be delivered efficiently. So, while e-commerce has a lot of potentials, we need some strict regulations to ensure quality and reliability. Once those are in place, I think e-commerce will really take off. Vocabulary and Phrases: National pastime: An activity that is very popular and widely practiced in a country. Buzzing: Full of activity and excitement. Top-notch: Of the highest quality. Sweet discounts: Attractive price reductions. All-year-round affair: An activity that happens throughout the year. Nudge: A small push or encouragement. Catchy ad: An advertisement that grabs attention and is memorable. Kinks: Minor issues or problems that need to be fixed. Take off: To become successful or popular. Convenience - The state of being able to proceed with something with little effort or difficulty. Drawbacks - Disadvantages or problems. Security - The state of being free from danger or threat. Theft prevention - Measures taken to prevent stealing. Refund policies - Rules about returning products and getting your money back. Virtual reality - A computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment. Digital currencies - Electronic money that exists only digitally and has no physical form. Drone deliveries - The use of unmanned aerial vehicles to deliver goods. Authentic - Genuine, real, or true. Optimal - Best or most favorable. Prevalent - Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time. Exclusive promotions - Special deals or discounts available only to certain customers. Cybersecurity - The protection of computer systems and networks from theft or damage. Overspending - Spending more money than one can afford. Algorithms - A process or set of rules followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer. Shopaholic - A person addicted to shopping. Window shopping - The activity of looking at goods displayed in shop windows, especially without intending to buy anything. International trade - The exchange of goods and services between countries. Drowning in debt - Being overwhelmed by owing a large amount of money. Modest budget - A limited or moderate amount of money available to spend.

Do you think watching TV has educational benefits? Absolutely, I think so. Take romantic films, for example, they can help educate people about the value of love, honesty, and faithfulness. They can make the audience sympathize with other people and respect what they have. Indeed, films can teach people good virtues and help them become better citizens through stories. On top of that, in most high school and college courses, movies, whether documentary or narrative, are a creative approach to teaching, helping students get a brief idea about history, social issues, or scientific experiments. History, for example, becomes more approachable and interesting in movies. In what ways are documentary films and films only for entertainment different? From my perspective, they are different in various aspects, especially their purposes. Documentaries are a reliable source of information and a powerful means of conveying social messages to the world. They bring many benefits to society. For instance, by watching documentaries together, many sensitive social issues, such as homosexuality, can be discussed freely between parents and children instead of sweeping them under the rug. Films for entertainment, on the other hand, are mostly for people who need to chill out after work or study. Those movies tend to focus on relationships between people without delving into deeper issues. Why do you think documentary films are not so popular? Personally, I think the foremost reason that documentary films are not as popular as entertainment films is that documentaries require the audience to think critically about current issues, whereas entertainment films help them escape from the harsh realities of everyday life. For example, the series "Prison Life – Love in Prison", which describes prison sex, is an educational and emotional documentary that provides a different view of prisoners. Another reason is that documentaries aim to provide education and lack entertaining features compared to other kinds of movies, making it hard to reach a wide audience. How are movies and real life different? Life in movies is so much different from real life. In real life, there is no script, and you write your own story day by day. Life is full of ups and downs and twists and turns. However, they both inspire each other since real life is great material for making movies. Do men and women like to watch the same kinds of films? It depends, I guess. It's thought that men like action movies with shocking and dangerous scenes like "Fast and Furious" or sci-fi movies with imaginative, futuristic plots like "Avatar", while most women prefer romantic movies or comedies with meaningful messages. It seems logical; however, there are many converse cases. Therefore, I think there are no boundaries for preferences between men and women when it comes to films. Do different age groups like the same kinds of films? Obviously. It’s undeniable that different generations prefer different kinds of movies. Children, for example, are usually fond of cartoons or funny movies such as "Frozen" or "Tangled". Adults, on the other hand, tend to watch various types of movies such as action films, romantic films, documentaries, or romantic films, depending on their tastes. Do you like any particular film star? Why? I like Emma Watson, a British actress, model, and activist. She is famous for her first professional acting role as Hermione Granger in the "Harry Potter" film series. What I love about her is that not only is she an outstanding actress with admirable personalities, but she is also a spiritual inspiration as the UN Women Goodwill Ambassador. My favorite quote from her is, “I don’t want the fear of failure to stop me from doing what I really care about”, which encourages me to chase my dreams despite the many troubles ahead. Can you talk about the advantages and disadvantages of TV? I think TV is a bit of a double-edged sword. On the bright side, it brings us a ton of information, entertainment, and education right into our living rooms. We can catch up on the news, watch our favorite shows, and learn new things. But, on the flip side, it can become a bit of a black hole for time. Families sometimes end up glued to the screen instead of talking to each other, and kids can get exposed to some pretty questionable content like violence and inappropriate scenes. So, while TV has its perks, it’s all about how we use it. If we’re mindful, the good can definitely outweigh the bad. Should there be more control on TV or should there be less restriction? I reckon there needs to be a bit of balance when it comes to controlling what’s on TV. Some censorship is definitely necessary, especially to keep out the violent and adult content from young eyes. But, if you clamp down too hard, you might stifle creativity and the freedom of speech. So, it’s all about finding that sweet spot where we protect viewers without making everything too dull and boring. What do you think of the use of TV in the classrooms? Using TV in the classroom can be a real game-changer. It’s a great way to make lessons more engaging and help students grasp complex concepts. But, it shouldn’t be overdone. TV should be a tool to support teaching, not replace it. Teachers need to use it to illustrate points and keep students interested, not just stick on a video and call it a day. Should a child's viewing be limited? Absolutely, a child’s TV time should be kept in check. Too much screen time can mess with their studies and their eyesight. Plus, if they’re glued to the TV, they’re missing out on playing sports and being active. And let’s not forget the kind of stuff they might stumble upon, which might not be suitable for their age. So, parents should definitely guide their kids on what and how much to watch. What do you think of the future of TV? Looking ahead, TV is only going to get smarter and more interactive. With advances in technology, we’ll probably see more digital and user-friendly features. TV stations will have to up their game and create even better content to keep viewers hooked. The future looks bright, and I’m excited to see what’s next. Influence of Television: How popular is watching television in your country? Watching TV in India is like a national pastime. Almost every household has a TV, and it’s a major source of entertainment. After a long day, people kick back and watch their favorite shows or catch up on the news. It’s so popular that families even make schedules around their favorite programs. TV has a huge impact here, from influencing fashion to sparking conversations. Tell me about the types of program that are generally on television in your country. We’ve got a bit of everything on TV here. There are daily soaps that are a hit with all ages, news programs for the adults, and cartoons for the kids. Reality shows also draw huge audiences, and when there’s a cricket match on, you can bet everyone’s glued to their screens. Cooking shows are also quite popular, and everyone seems to have a favorite drama serial or reality show they can’t miss. Why do people like watching television? TV is the go-to source of entertainment because it’s easy and accessible. After a tiring day, people love to unwind by watching their favorite shows. It’s a great way to relax and escape from the daily grind. Plus, it’s a way for families to spend time together, even if they’re just sitting quietly in front of the screen. Do you think the state or the private television is better? That’s a tough one, but I’d lean towards private TV channels. They usually have better production quality and more interesting programs. State TV tends to have lower budgets and can be a bit dull in comparison. Private channels put more effort into making their shows engaging, which makes a big difference. What effects can watching television have on children? TV can have a big impact on kids, and not always in a good way. A lot of programs today are more about entertainment than education, and kids can end up watching content that’s not suitable for them. This can make them grow up too fast. Plus, if they’re watching TV all the time, they’re not playing outside or focusing on their studies. Parents need to be careful and make sure their kids are watching appropriate shows and not overdoing it. Vocabulary and Phrases: Double-edged sword (idiom): Something that has both positive and negative effects. Black hole (idiom): Something that consumes a lot of resources or time without giving much in return. Perks (noun): Advantages or benefits. Clamp down (phrasal verb): To impose restrictions. Sweet spot (idiom): The optimal point or combination of factors. Game-changer (idiom): Something that significantly changes the way things are done. Overdone (adj): Used too much or excessively. Kick back (phrasal verb): To relax and take it easy. Daily grind (idiom): The monotonous routine of daily work. Take romantic films, for example: Used to introduce an example Make the audience sympathize: Help the audience feel empathy On top of that: In addition to that Creative approach to: Innovative method for History, for example: Introducing a specific example Reliable source: Trustworthy source Means of: A way or method of doing something Sweeping them under the rug: Ignoring or hiding something Chill out: Relax Delving into: Investigating deeply Foremost reason: Most important reason Think critically: Analyze and evaluate in detail Escape from the harsh realities: Avoid the difficult aspects of real life So much different from: Very different from Ups and downs: Good and bad times Twists and turns: Unexpected changes Inspire each other: Motivate or influence each other Shocking and dangerous scenes: Exciting and perilous scenes Converse cases: Opposite situations Boundaries: Limits Fond of: Like or enjoy

What is the most common type of technology used by people in your country? So, when we dive into the tech scene in my neck of the woods, smartphones are basically the rockstars stealing the limelight. I mean, you can't saunter down the street without spotting someone engrossed in their own little digital world, be it swiping, typing, or having a casual chat. It's like smartphones are the VIPs of gadgets, reigning supreme and becoming an inseparable extension of people's lives. Are there any other sectors that need technology? Absolutely! It's not just the big shots in skyscrapers hogging all the tech goodies. Even the cozy local mom-and-pop establishments are jumping onto the tech bandwagon. From healthcare to education, everyone's realizing that tech is like the secret ingredient that spices up efficiency and streamlines daily operations. Is it possible to live without technology? Let's embark on a thought experiment – envision trying to dance without music. Living without our trusty gadgets might not be a Herculean feat, but it sure would feel like trying to do the cha-cha without a beat. Life would go on, sure, but it might be a tad less groovy and a bit more low-key. What are the advantages and disadvantages of technology? Tech's a bit of a mixed bag, isn't it? On the one hand, it's like your personal superhero, swooping in to save time and connect us all. But, oh boy, on the flip side, there's this screen addiction thing going on, and sometimes it feels like our privacy is doing a Houdini act. It's a constant seesaw between convenience and the pitfalls of over-dependence. What is the impact of technology on people’s lives? It's akin to a whirlwind of change, my friend. From the way we earn our daily bread to how we unwind with our favorite shows, tech has seamlessly woven itself into the fabric of our everyday existence. It's like waking up in the future, where everything you need is just a tap away, creating a fusion of the mundane and the extraordinary. How do you think modern technology will change the way people work in the future? Hold onto your hats, because a work revolution might be brewing on the horizon. The old-school 9-to-5 grind could be up for a makeover. With more folks embracing remote work and the ever-helpful AI lending a hand, jobs might just be in for a tech-savvy facelift, altering the very landscape of how we earn our daily crust. How can technology make our life easier? Imagine this utopian scenario: your grocery list magically populates itself, and your thermostat knows your ideal cozy temperature before you even realize it's chilly. That's the tech dream – making the daily grind feel like a leisurely stroll in the park, where everything seamlessly falls into place with a gentle touch of technological wizardry. What are some of the greatest technological achievements? Think about space exploration, the internet, and, of course, smartphones! These little marvels are like Swiss Army knives for the digital age, capable of doing everything from playing your favorite tunes to helping you find the nearest pizza joint in a jiffy. What is the difference between science and technology? Alright, let's dive into the analogy pool for a moment. Picture science as the brainy explorer asking questions, while technology plays the role of the cool inventor, turning those ideas into real-life gizmos. It's like science is the thinker, and tech is the doer – a dynamic duo making things happen in tandem. Do you think robots will cause unemployment in the future or make more work? Why? It's a bit of a brain teaser, isn't it? While robots might be swiping some jobs off the table, they could also be laying the foundation for new opportunities that we haven't even dreamt up yet. It's like a tech-powered game of musical chairs – jobs might shift around, but there'll still be seats for those willing to adapt. How do you think face-to-face communication differs from communication using computers? Face-to-face is the OG – the real deal with body language and all its nuances. But, hey, computers bring the world to our fingertips, making global conversations a piece of cake. It's like comparing the warmth of a handshake to the convenience of a virtual high-five – different strokes for different folks, you know? What are the good and bad aspects of using a computer? On the sunny side, you've got the fast access to information, cat videos to lighten the mood, and enhanced work efficiency. But on the flip side, there's eyestrain from staring at screens, the perilous rabbit hole of social media, and, let's not forget, the occasional emotional rollercoaster when your computer decides to throw a tantrum – we've all been there. What social changes have cell phones made? Cell phones have morphed us into instant sharers. From selfies to memes, we're all content creators now, forging connections one emoji at a time. It's like having these little pocket pals that keep us connected 24/7, turning every moment into a potential shareable snippet of our lives. Do you think using cell phones too much is bad for our physical or mental health? Why? It's a tightrope walk, navigating the delicate balance between staying connected and avoiding the pitfalls of too much screen time. While excessive phone usage might throw a wrench into our sleep patterns and focus, it's also our lifeline to friends and a vast sea of information. Finding that sweet spot becomes the key – where we harness the benefits without turning into unwitting prisoners of our digital companions. To stop global warming, should the amount of car driving be limited or changed? What do you think? It's a no-brainer, my friend. Less gas guzzling, more embracing of green alternatives. We've got to give Mother Earth a breather, and that means rethinking how we roll, quite literally. It's about changing our wheels for the sake of the planet. Do you think modern technology reduces or increases stress? Why? It's a bit of a tug of war, you know? On one hand, technology strides in as a stress-buster, streamlining tasks and making life more convenient. Yet, on the flip side, the constant buzz of notifications and the never-ending digital demands can turn anyone into a stress ball. It's like having a superhero and a villain rolled into one – tech is the cure and the ailment, depending on how we navigate its twists and turns. Do you think money should be spent to explore space or is it better spent helping people on earth? Why? Sure, space is captivating, but let's not forget about our own backyard. It's like having a snazzy car – sure, it's nice, but you need to fix the leaky roof at home first. Prioritizing where we channel resources becomes crucial – a balance between reaching for the stars and addressing the pressing needs on our home turf. What is your opinion about children playing violent video games or computer programs? It's a nuanced realm. Parents find themselves in the referee's position, needing to ensure that game time doesn't morph into a battleground. Striking a balance and establishing boundaries becomes the golden ticket, fostering an environment where entertainment doesn't overshadow values and well-being. What do you think should be done to people who spread viruses, start hoaxes, or create spam on the Internet? Throw the book at 'em! Nah, jokes aside, establishing laws and consequences is like having a digital sheriff keeping the internet streets clean. It's like maintaining order in the Wild West of the online world, where malicious intent can wreak havoc if left unchecked. How have technological advances affected our life? Life's akin to a sci-fi movie now, right? We're living in the future with smart homes, instant information at our fingertips, and the world feeling like a global village. Technological strides have become the warp and weft of our daily existence, influencing everything from how we communicate to the way we navigate the complexities of modern life. It's a wild ride, and we're all just trying to catch the next wave of the tech tsunami. Do you think that playing computer games has an advantage for children? Why? Absolutely! Thanks for asking. This is the age of technology, and kids today are practically born tech-savvy. There are tons of computer games out there for them. I think these games can be a huge plus for a few reasons. First off, they teach kids to be independent thinkers. When they play, they have to make decisions and strategize, especially in action or strategy games. It’s like an extra layer of education that you don't get from textbooks. Plus, they learn about things they might never encounter otherwise. If kids weren’t allowed to play computer games, they’d miss out on a lot. They often imitate the characters they play, and who knows? Maybe one day they'll become as iconic as those characters. Do you think it helps them to be less violent? Why? Well, that’s a tricky one. You know what they say, "the end justifies the means." It really depends on the type of games they're playing. If kids are constantly playing violent games where they’re shooting people or causing mayhem, I think they might start to mimic that behavior in real life. They get exposed to so much violence on screen that it can influence them subconsciously. On the flip side, if they’re into strategy or puzzle games, they’re more likely to use their brains and stay calm. So, whether they become violent or not depends a lot on the type of games they play. Kids are like sponges; they soak up everything around them. That’s why it's better to steer them towards brainy games when they’re young and wait until they’re teenagers before letting them play the more intense ones. Why are such games so popular? What is better in your view: virtual or physical communication? Why? Great question. These days, kids don’t have the same open spaces to play in like we did. So, they get hooked on computer games. These games are super attractive and can be really addictive. Kids get drawn in by the special features and cool graphics. But this means they’re spending more time indoors and becoming more introverted. They’re also building relationships online, which isn’t always great. Physical communication is way better in my book. When you're in trouble or need support, it’s your real-life friends and family who’ll have your back. You can share your feelings with them, and they can give you real help. Virtual friends can’t offer the same kind of support. So, while virtual communication has its place, nothing beats face-to-face interaction. What are the differences between the life in the past and at the present? Oh, this is a big one. Life has changed a ton. Back in the day, people had more time for each other. Everything was slower, and people weren't glued to their gadgets. Travel was a hassle and took forever. People rode horses or walked long distances, while today, we zip around in cars and public transport. Socially, families were bigger, with extended families living together, but now it’s mostly nuclear families. Culturally, the East is picking up a lot of Western habits, leading to some clashes. Medical advances have also improved our lives. In the past, people died from diseases that are now easily treatable. Technology has made life more convenient and comfortable, but it's also made us more isolated in some ways. What are the impacts of electrical equipment on human life in the past ten years? Electrical equipment has completely transformed our lives. Gadgets like mobile phones, computers, and refrigerators are now essential. Mobile phones, for instance, have revolutionized communication. We can reach anyone, anytime. Computers have also changed the game, used in everything from work to entertainment. These devices make life easier and more comfortable. However, they also come with downsides, like making us more dependent on technology and sometimes leading to less face-to-face interaction. What are the advantages and disadvantages of computers and the internet? Computers and the internet are double-edged swords. On the plus side, they connect us to the world, help us stay informed, and make communication easier. We can keep in touch with people far away and access endless information. But there are negatives too. Kids and teens can get addicted, spending too much time online and neglecting their studies or outdoor activities. The internet can also be a breeding ground for misinformation and scams. So, while computers and the internet have many benefits, they also require careful use to avoid their pitfalls. Do you have a mobile phone? What are its advantages? Yes, I have a Samsung Galaxy A5. Mobile phones have a ton of advantages. They make it easy to reach people anytime, anywhere. Unlike the old days of landlines, you can call or message anyone on the go. Modern phones come with features like cameras, music players, and internet access. You can even use your phone as a modem if you don’t have internet access. Gaming, browsing, and social networking are all at your fingertips. Essentially, mobile phones have become indispensable. What role does technological development play in people’s lives? Technological development plays a massive role in our lives. It's been shaping human life since the invention of the wheel. Technology makes communication easier, with tools like email and text messages ensuring we stay connected. At home, we rely on appliances like refrigerators, TVs, and microwaves, all thanks to technology. In short, technology has made life more comfortable, efficient, and connected. How will technology develop in the future? Predicting the future of technology is tough, but I think it will make life even more convenient. We might see mind-controlled devices instead of remote controls. Artificial intelligence will likely play a bigger role, with robots and AI performing tasks we can't even imagine now. Think of the sci-fi movies with flying cars and advanced robots; that could be our future. If technology keeps advancing the right way, it will continue to revolutionize our lives. How can technology make our life easier? Technology has significantly streamlined and simplified various aspects of our daily lives. For instance, remote controllers allow us to manage our television settings without moving from our seats. Communication has evolved from handwritten letters to instant messaging, emails, and social media, making it easier and faster to stay connected with others. Furthermore, modern transportation technology has dramatically reduced travel times and increased comfort. In essence, technology enhances convenience, efficiency, and accessibility in our everyday activities. What are some of the greatest inventions you know about? Some of the greatest inventions include: The Internet: Revolutionized global communication, information access, and commerce. Mobile Phones: Transformed personal and professional communication, offering features like internet access, photography, and entertainment. Artificial Hearts: Life-saving medical technology for patients with severe heart conditions. Electric Cars: Environmentally friendly transportation reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Robots and Spacecraft: Advanced automation and exploration capabilities. Why should we restrict the use of mobile phones in public places? Mobile phones should be restricted in certain public places to maintain decorum and respect for others. For example: Libraries: Ensuring a quiet environment for reading and studying. Concert Halls: Avoiding disruptions during performances. Shops: Providing undivided attention to customers. Restricting mobile phone usage in these settings helps preserve a respectful and considerate atmosphere. Why are mobile phones gaining popularity? Mobile phones are gaining popularity due to their multifunctionality and convenience. They offer easy communication, internet access, entertainment options, and practical tools like cameras and calendars. Their portability and evolving technology make them indispensable in modern life. Can you do without your mobile phone? No, I cannot do without my mobile phone even for a single second. It has become an integral part of my daily routine, helping me plan meetings, capture memories, listen to music, watch movies, and stay connected with people. It is indispensable to my personal and professional life. Do you think the requirements will change in the future? I believe the essential skills for jobs, such as proficiency in a foreign language and computer skills, will remain crucial. However, these may become foundational knowledge taught from early education. As technology evolves, new skills specific to emerging fields may become necessary, but the core competencies of communication and technical aptitude will continue to be vital. Have the skills that were traditionally meant for men and women changed? Yes, traditional gender roles in skills and professions have evolved significantly. Women are now venturing into business, taking on managerial roles, and excelling in fields once dominated by men. Similarly, men are entering professions traditionally associated with women, such as nursing and teaching. This shift reflects a more inclusive and diverse workforce, breaking down gender barriers. What equipment do you use frequently at home or at work? How does technology facilitate your work? The most useful piece of equipment I use is my mobile phone. It keeps me connected with friends and clients, facilitates communication during business trips, and helps me make informed decisions. Despite the rapid development of technology, my phone remains a reliable tool for communication, showcasing how technological advancements enhance productivity and convenience. What field in Vietnam has benefited a lot from technology? The communication sector in Vietnam has greatly benefited from technology. Mobile phones, email, and fax have replaced traditional, slower methods of communication. This technological advancement has made staying connected more accessible and affordable. Additionally, technology has improved various aspects of daily life, including working conditions with air conditioning and computers, and household chores with appliances like washing machines and microwaves. However, the downside includes job displacement due to automation and addiction to digital devices, highlighting the need for balanced technological integration. In what field do you think the most technological developments will occur in the future? What do you think of the future use of technology? I believe significant technological developments will occur in the field of medical science. Recent advancements in DNA research and cloning have shown promising results, and the next steps might include cloning human beings, although this raises ethical concerns. On the positive side, cloning could potentially provide spare parts for those in need of organ transplants, leading to significant medical breakthroughs, such as cures for cancer and AIDS. This would vastly improve human longevity and overall health. Another area poised for rapid technological growth is e-commerce. In countries like Vietnam, online shopping is becoming increasingly popular. Consumers can easily access information, order products, and make payments online, streamlining the shopping experience and reducing the need for physical store visits. This trend is likely to continue, further integrating technology into our daily lives. What are the positive and negative effects that the Internet has brought us? The Internet has revolutionized access to information and entertainment, making it quick and easy to obtain a vast amount of data. However, there are notable disadvantages, including the unreliability of information due to the lack of censorship. This makes it difficult to control the accuracy and quality of online content. Additionally, copyright issues and the prevalence of violent or pornographic material pose significant risks, especially to children. What use have people made of the Internet? The Internet is extensively used for various purposes, including information retrieval, current affairs, entertainment, communication, and education. Its large volume, high speed, and easy access make it a preferred medium over traditional forms of media. This shift has led manufacturers to advertise online and maintain a digital presence through websites and social media. The Internet's influence has transformed traditional ways of marketing and accessing information, making it an integral part of modern life.