Toba Tek Singh Saadat Hasan Manto A couple of years after the partition of the country, it occurred to the respective governments of India and Pakistan that inmates of lunatic asylums, like prisoners, should also be exchanged. Muslim lunatics in India should be transferred to Pakistan and Hindu and Sikh lunatics in Pakistani asylums should be sent to India. Whether this was a reasonable or an unreasonable idea is difficult to say. One thing, however, is clear. It took many conferences of important officials from the two sides to come to the decision. Final details, like the date of actual exchange, were carefully worked out. Muslim lunatics whose families were still residing in India were to be left undisturbed, the rest moved to the border for the exchange. The situation in Pakistan was slightly different, since almost the entire population of Hindus and Sikhs had already migrated to India. The question of keeping non-Muslim lunatics in Pakistan did not, therefore, arise. While it is not known what the reaction in India was, when the news reached the Lahore lunatic asylum, it immediately became the subject of heated discussion. One Muslim lunatic, a regular reader of the fire-eating daily newspaper Zamindar, when asked what Pakistan was, replied after deep reflection, ‘The name of a place in India where cut-throat razors are manufactured.’ সাদাত হাসান মান্টো টোবা টেক সিং দেশভাগের দু-এক বছর পর, ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের নিজ নিজ সরকারের মাথায় এই চিন্তার উদয় হলো যে, বন্দিদের মতো পাগলাগারদগুলোর আবাসিকদেরও বিনিময় হওয়া উচিত। ভারতের মুসলিম পাগলদের পাকিস্তানে স্থানান্তর করা উচিত এবং পাকিস্তানের পাগলাগারদগুলোতে থাকা হিন্দু ও শিখ পাগলদের ভারতে পাঠিয়ে দেওয়া উচিত। এটি যৌক্তিক নাকি অযৌক্তিক ধারণা ছিল, তা বলা কঠিন। তবে একটি বিষয় স্পষ্ট। এই সিদ্ধান্তে উপনীত হতে দুই পক্ষের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কর্মকর্তাদের মধ্যে বহু সম্মেলন করতে হয়েছিল। প্রকৃত বিনিময়ের তারিখের মতো চূড়ান্ত খুঁটিনাটি বিষয়গুলো অত্যন্ত সতর্কতার সাথে নির্ধারণ করা হয়েছিল। যেসব মুসলিম পাগলের পরিবার তখনো ভারতে বসবাস করছিল, তাদের বিরক্ত করা হবে না; বাকিদের বিনিময়ের জন্য সীমান্তে নিয়ে যাওয়া হবে। পাকিস্তানের পরিস্থিতি কিছুটা ভিন্ন ছিল, কারণ হিন্দু ও শিখদের প্রায় সম্পূর্ণ জনসংখ্যাই ততদিনে ভারতে দেশান্তরিত হয়েছিল। তাই পাকিস্তানে অমুসলিম পাগলদের রেখে দেওয়ার প্রশ্নই আর ওঠেনি। ভারতে এর প্রতিক্রিয়া কী হয়েছিল তা জানা না গেলেও, যখন এই খবরটি লাহোরের পাগলাগারদে পৌঁছাল, তখন তা তাৎক্ষণিকভাবে উত্তপ্ত আলোচনার বিষয় হয়ে দাঁড়াল। একজন মুসলিম পাগল, যে 'জমিদার' নামের একটি জ্বালাময়ী দৈনিক পত্রিকার নিয়মিত পাঠক ছিল, তাকে যখন জিজ্ঞাসা করা হলো যে পাকিস্তান কী, তখন সে গভীর চিন্তাভাবনা করে উত্তর দিল, ‘ভারতের এমন একটি জায়গার নাম যেখানে গলাকাটা ক্ষুর তৈরি হয়।’ This profound observation was received with visible satisfaction. A Sikh lunatic asked another Sikh, ‘Sardaiji, why are we being sent to India? We don’t even know the language they speak in that country.’ The man smiled. ‘I know the language of the Hindostoras. These devils always strut about as if they were the lords of the earth.’ One day a Muslim lunatic, while taking his bath, raised the slogan ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ with such enthusiasm that he lost his balance and was later found lying on the floor unconscious. Not all inmates were mad. Some were perfectly normal, except that they were murderers. To spare them the hangman’s noose, their families had managed to get them committed after bribing officials down the line. They probably had a vague idea why India was being divided and what Pakistan was, but, as for the present situation, they were equally clueless. Newspapers were no help either, and the asylum guards were ignorant, if not illiterate. Nor was there anything to be learnt by eavesdropping on their conversations. Some said there was this man by the name Muhammad Ali Jinnah, or the Quaid-e-Azam, who had set up a separate country for Muslims, called Pakistan. As to where Pakistan was located, the inmates knew nothing. That was why both the mad and the partially mad were unable to decide whether they were now in India or in Pakistan. If they were in India, where on earth was Pakistan? And if they were in Pakistan, then how come that until only the other day it was India? One inmate had got so badly caught up in this India-Pakistan-Pakistan-India rigmarole that one day, while sweeping the floor, he dropped everything, climbed the nearest tree and installed himself on a branch, from which vantage point he spoke for two hours on the delicate problem of India and Pakistan. The guards asked him to get down; instead he went a branch higher, and when threatened with punishment, declared, ‘I wish to live neither in India nor in Pakistan. I wish to live in this tree.’ When he was finally persuaded to come down, he began embracing his Sikh and Hindu friends, tears running down his cheeks, fully convinced that they were about to leave him and go to India. A Muslim radio engineer, who had an MSc degree, and never mixed with anyone, given as he was to taking long walks by himself all day, was so affected by the current debate that one day he took off all his clothes, gave the bundle to one of the attendants and ran into the garden stark naked. এই গূঢ় পর্যবেক্ষণটি স্পষ্ট সন্তুষ্টির সাথে গৃহীত হলো। একজন শিখ পাগল অন্য এক শিখকে জিজ্ঞাসা করল, ‘সরদারজি, আমাদের কেন ভারতে পাঠানো হচ্ছে? আমরা তো এমনকি সেই দেশে তারা যে ভাষায় কথা বলে তাও জানি না।’ লোকটি হাসল। ‘আমি হিন্দুস্তানিদের ভাষা জানি। এই শয়তানগুলো সব সময় এমনভাবে দেমাগ দেখিয়ে ঘুরে বেড়ায় যেন তারা পৃথিবীর মালিক।’ একদিন এক মুসলিম পাগল গোসল করার সময় এত উদ্দীপনার সাথে ‘পাকিস্তান জিন্দাবাদ’ স্লোগান দিল যে সে তার ভারসাম্য হারিয়ে ফেলল এবং পরে তাকে মেঝের ওপর অচেতন অবস্থায় পড়ে থাকতে দেখা গেল। সব আবাসিকই পাগল ছিল না। কয়েকজন পুরোপুরি স্বাভাবিক ছিল, তবে তারা ছিল খুনি। তাদের ফাঁসির দড়ি থেকে বাঁচাতে, তাদের পরিবার ওপর থেকে নিচ পর্যন্ত কর্মকর্তাদের ঘুষ দিয়ে তাদের এই পাগলাগারদে পাঠানোর বন্দোবস্ত করেছিল। ভারত কেন বিভক্ত হচ্ছে এবং পাকিস্তান কী জিনিস, সে সম্পর্কে তাদের হয়তো একটি অস্পষ্ট ধারণা ছিল, কিন্তু বর্তমান পরিস্থিতির ব্যাপারে তারাও সমান বিভ্রান্ত ছিল। সংবাদপত্র থেকেও কোনো সাহায্য পাওয়া যাচ্ছিল না, আর পাগলাগারদের প্রহরীরা নিরক্ষর না হলেও অন্তত অজ্ঞ ছিল। তাদের কথাবার্তা আড়ি পেতে শুনেও জানার মতো কিছু ছিল না। কেউ কেউ বলছিল মুহাম্মদ আলী জিন্নাহ বা কায়েদে আজম নামের এক ব্যক্তি আছেন, যিনি মুসলমানদের জন্য পাকিস্তান নামে একটি পৃথক দেশ প্রতিষ্ঠা করেছেন। পাকিস্তান কোথায় অবস্থিত, সে সম্পর্কে আবাসিকরা কিছুই জানত না। এই কারণেই সম্পূর্ণ পাগল এবং আংশিক পাগল—উভয়েই স্থির করতে পারছিল না যে তারা এখন ভারতে আছে নাকি পাকিস্তানে। তারা যদি ভারতে থাকে, তবে দুনিয়ার বুকে পাকিস্তান কোথায়? আর তারা যদি পাকিস্তানে থাকে, তবে এই সেদিন পর্যন্ত কীভাবে এটি ভারত ছিল? একজন আবাসিক ভারত-পাকিস্তান-পাকিস্তান-ভারতের এই গোলকধাঁধায় এমনভাবে জড়িয়ে পড়েছিল যে একদিন মেঝে ঝাঁট দেওয়ার সময় সে সব কিছু ফেলে দিয়ে কাছের একটি গাছে উঠে বসল এবং একটি ডালে আসন গেড়ে বসল, যেখান থেকে সুবিধাজনক অবস্থানে থেকে সে ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের সূক্ষ্ম সমস্যা নিয়ে দুই ঘণ্টা বক্তব্য দিল। প্রহরীরা তাকে নিচে নামতে বলল; তার বদলে সে আরও এক ধাপ ওপরের ডালে চলে গেল, আর যখন তাকে শাস্তির ভয় দেখানো হলো, তখন সে ঘোষণা করল, ‘আমি ভারতেও থাকতে চাই না, পাকিস্তানেও থাকতে চাই না। আমি এই গাছেই বাস করতে চাই।’ অবশেষে যখন তাকে বুঝিয়ে-সুঝিয়ে নিচে নামানো হলো, তখন গাল বেয়ে অশ্রু গড়িয়ে পড়ার মধ্য দিয়েই সে তার শিখ ও হিন্দু বন্ধুদের জড়িয়ে ধরতে লাগল, সে পুরোপুরি নিশ্চিত ছিল যে তারা তাকে ছেড়ে ভারতে চলে যেতে উদ্যত হয়েছে। একজন মুসলিম রেডিও ইঞ্জিনিয়ার, যাঁর এমএসসি ডিগ্রি ছিল এবং যিনি সারা দিন একাকী দীর্ঘ হাঁটার অভ্যাসের কারণে কারও সাথে মিশতেন না, তিনি বর্তমান এই বিতর্ক দ্বারা এতটাই প্রভাবিত হয়েছিলেন যে একদিন তিনি তাঁর সমস্ত জামাকাপড় খুলে ফেললেন, কাপড়ের পোঁটলাটি একজন কর্মচারীর হাতে তুলে দিলেন এবং সম্পূর্ণ উলঙ্গ অবস্থায় বাগানের দিকে দৌড় দিলেন। A Muslim lunatic from Chaniot, who used to be one of the most devoted workers of the All India Muslim League, and obsessed with bathing himself fifteen or sixteen times a day, had suddenly stopped doing that and announced his name was Muhammad Ali—that he was Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. This had led a Sikh inmate to declare himself Master Tara Singh, the leader of the Sikhs. Apprehending serious communal trouble, the authorities declared them dangerous, and shut them up in separate cells. There was a young Hindu lawyer from Lahore who had gone off his head after an unhappy love affair. When told that Amritsar was to become a part of India, he went into a depression because his beloved lived in Amritsar, something he had not forgotten even in his madness. That day he abused every major and minor Hindu and Muslim leader who had cut India into two, turning his beloved into an Indian and him into a Pakistani. When news of the exchange reached the asylum, his friends offered him congratulations, because he was now to be sent to India, the country of his beloved. However, he declared that he had no intention of leaving Lahore, because his practice would not flourish in Amritsar. There were two Anglo-Indian lunatics in the European ward. When told that the British had decided to go home after granting independence to India, they went into a state of deep shock and were seen conferring with each other in whispers the entire afternoon. They were worried about their changed status after independence. Would there be a European ward or would it be abolished? Would breakfast continue to be served or would they have to subsist on bloody Indian chapatti? There was another inmate, a Sikh, who had been confined for the last fifteen years. Whenever he spoke, it was the same mysterious gibberish: ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the mung the dal of the laltain.’ Guards said he had not slept a wink in fifteen years. Occasionally, he could be observed leaning against a wall, but the rest of the time, he was always to be found standing. Because of this, his legs were permanently swollen, something that did not appear to bother him. Recently, he had started to listen carefully to discussions about the forthcoming exchange of Indian and Pakistani lunatics. When asked his opinion, he observed solemnly, ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the mung the dal of the Government of Pakistan.’ চিনিয়টের এক মুসলিম পাগল, যিনি অল ইন্ডিয়া মুসলিম লীগের অন্যতম নিবেদিতপ্রাণ কর্মী ছিলেন এবং দিনে পনেরো বা ষোলো বার গোসল করার বাতুলে ভুগছিলেন, তিনি হঠাৎ করেই তা করা বন্ধ করে দিলেন এবং ঘোষণা করলেন যে তাঁর নাম মুহাম্মদ আলী—তিনিই কায়েদে আজম মুহাম্মদ আলী জিন্নাহ। এটি দেখে এক শিখ বন্দি নিজেকে শিখদের নেতা মাস্টার তারা সিং বলে ঘোষণা করে বসল। গুরুতর সাম্প্রদায়িক গোলযোগের আশঙ্কা করে কর্তৃপক্ষ তাদের বিপজ্জনক ঘোষণা করে এবং আলাদা আলাদা কক্ষে বন্ধ করে রাখে। লাহোরের এক তরুণ হিন্দু আইনজীবী ছিলেন, যিনি এক ব্যর্থ প্রেমের সম্পর্কের পর মানসিক ভারসাম্য হারিয়ে ফেলেছিলেন। যখন তাঁকে বলা হলো যে অমৃতসর ভারতের অংশ হতে যাচ্ছে, তখন তিনি বিষণ্নতায় নিমজ্জিত হলেন কারণ তাঁর প্রেয়সী অমৃতসরে বাস করতেন, যা তিনি তাঁর উন্মাদনার মধ্যেও ভুলে যাননি। সেদিন তিনি ভারত দ্বিখণ্ডিতকারী ছোট-বড় প্রতিটি হিন্দু ও মুসলিম নেতাকে গালাগাল করলেন, যাঁরা তাঁর প্রেয়সীকে ভারতীয় এবং তাঁকে পাকিস্তানি বানিয়ে দিয়েছিলেন। পাগলাগারদে যখন আদান-প্রদানের খবর পৌঁছাল, তখন তাঁর বন্ধুরা তাঁকে অভিনন্দন জানালেন, কারণ তাঁকে এখন তাঁর প্রেয়সীর দেশ ভারতে পাঠানো হবে। তবে তিনি ঘোষণা করলেন যে লাহোর ছেড়ে যাওয়ার কোনো ইচ্ছা তাঁর নেই, কারণ অমৃতসরে তাঁর ওকালতি ব্যবসা জমবে না। ইউরোপীয় ওয়ার্ডে দুজন অ্যাংলো-ইন্ডিয়ান পাগল ছিল। ভারতকে স্বাধীনতা দেওয়ার পর ব্রিটিশরা নিজ দেশে ফিরে যাওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে শুনে তারা গভীর মানসিক আঘাতে স্তব্ধ হয়ে গেল এবং সারা দুপুর ধরে একে অপরের সাথে ফিসফিস করে পরামর্শ করতে দেখা গেল। স্বাধীনতার পর তাদের পরিবর্তিত মর্যাদা নিয়ে তারা চিন্তিত হয়ে পড়েছিল। সেখানে কি ইউরোপীয় ওয়ার্ড থাকবে, নাকি তা বিলুপ্ত করা হবে? প্রাতরাশ কি আগের মতোই পরিবেশন করা হতে থাকবে, নাকি তাদের অভিশপ্ত ভারতীয় রুটি খেয়ে বেঁচে থাকতে হবে? আরেকজন বন্দি ছিলেন, একজন শিখ, যিনি গত পনেরো বছর ধরে সেখানে আবদ্ধ ছিলেন। তিনি যখনই কথা বলতেন, একই রহস্যময় অর্থহীন প্রলাপ বকতেন: ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য বে ধ্যায়ানা দ্য মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ দ্য লালটেন।’ প্রহরীরা বলত যে গত পনেরো বছরে তিনি এক ফোঁটাও ঘুমাননি। মাঝেমধ্যে তাঁকে দেওয়ালে হেলান দিয়ে থাকতে দেখা যেত, কিন্তু বাকি সময়টা তাঁকে সর্বদাই দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে পাওয়া যেত। এর ফলে তাঁর পা দুটি স্থায়ীভাবে ফুলে গিয়েছিল, যা তাঁকে বিন্দুমাত্র বিচলিত করছে বলে মনে হতো না। সম্প্রতি, তিনি ভারতীয় ও পাকিস্তানি পাগলদের আসন্ন আদান-প্রদান সম্পর্কিত আলোচনা মন দিয়ে শুনতে শুরু করেছিলেন। যখন তাঁর মতামত জানতে চাওয়া হলো, তখন তিনি গম্ভীরভাবে মন্তব্য করলেন, ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য বে ধ্যায়ানা দ্য মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ দ্য গভর্নমেন্ট অফ পাকিস্তান।’ Of late, however, the Government of Pakistan had been replaced by the government of Toba Tek Singh, a small town in the Punjab which was his home. He had also begun inquiring where Toba Tek Singh was to go. However, nobody was quite sure whether it was in India or Pakistan. Those who had tried to solve this mystery had become utterly confused when told that Sialkot, which used to be in India, was now in Pakistan. It was anybody’s guess what was going to happen to Lahore, which was currently in Pakistan, but could slide into India any moment. It was also possible that the entire subcontinent of India might become Pakistan. And who could say if both India and Pakistan might not entirely vanish from the map of the world one day? The old man’s hair was almost gone and what little was left had become a part of the beard, giving him a strange, even frightening, appearance. However, he was a harmless fellow and had never been known to get into fights. Older attendants at the asylum said that he was a fairly prosperous landlord from Toba Tek Singh, who had quite suddenly gone mad. His family had brought him in, bound and fettered. That was fifteen years ago. Once a month, he used to have visitors but, since the start of communal troubles in the Punjab, they had stopped coming. His real name was Bishen Singh, but everybody called him Toba Tek Singh. He lived in a kind of limbo, having no idea what day of the week it was, or month, or how many years had passed since his confinement. However, he had developed a sixth sense about the day of the visit, when he used to bathe himself, soap his body, oil and comb his hair and put on clean clothes. He never said a word during these meetings, except occasional outbursts of, ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the mung the dal of the laltain.’ When he was first confined, he had left an infant daughter behind, now a pretty, young girl of fifteen. She would come occasionally, and sit in front of him with tears rolling down her cheeks. In the strange world that he inhabited, hers was just another face. Since the start of this India-Pakistan caboodle, he had got into the habit of asking fellow inmates where exactly Toba Tek Singh was, without receiving a satisfactory answer, because nobody knew. The visits had also suddenly stopped. He was increasingly restless, but, more than that, curious. The sixth sense, which used to alert him to the day of the visit, had also atrophied. তবে সম্প্রতি, পাকিস্তান সরকারের জায়গা দখল করেছিল টোবা টেক সিংয়ের সরকার—পাঞ্জাবের একটি ছোট শহর, যা ছিল তাঁর নিজ ভিটেমাটি। তিনি আরও খোঁজখবর নিতে শুরু করেছিলেন যে টোবা টেক সিং কোথায় যেতে চলেছে। তবে এটি ভারতে নাকি পাকিস্তানে, সে বিষয়ে কেউই পুরোপুরি নিশ্চিত ছিল না। যাঁরা এই রহস্যের সমাধান করার চেষ্টা করেছিলেন, তাঁদের বলা হলে যে আগে ভারতে থাকা শিয়ালকোট এখন পাকিস্তানে পড়েছে, তখন তাঁরা চরম বিভ্রান্ত হয়ে পড়েছিলেন। লাহোরের কপালে কী ঘটতে চলেছে তা ছিল যে কারও অনুমানের বিষয়—যা বর্তমানে পাকিস্তানে হলেও যেকোনো মুহূর্তে ভারতের পেটে চলে যেতে পারত। এমনটাও ঘটা সম্ভব ছিল যে পুরো ভারত উপমহাদেশটাই হয়তো পাকিস্তান হয়ে যাবে। আর কে-ই বা বলতে পারত যে ভারত ও পাকিস্তান উভয় দেশই একদিন পৃথিবীর মানচিত্র থেকে পুরোপুরি মুছে যাবে না? বৃদ্ধ লোকটির মাথার চুল প্রায় সব ঝরে গিয়েছিল এবং যে সামান্য অবশিষ্ট ছিল, তা দাড়ির সাথে মিশে একাকার হয়ে গিয়েছিল; যা তাঁকে একটি অদ্ভুত, এমনকি ভীতিপ্রদ রূপ দিয়েছিল। অথচ তিনি ছিলেন একজন নিরীহ মানুষ এবং কখনোই কোনো ঝগড়াঝাঁটিতে জড়াননি বলেই জানা ছিল। পাগলাগারদের বয়স্ক পরিচর্যাকারীরা বলতেন যে তিনি টোবা টেক সিংয়ের বেশ প্রভাবশালী এক জমিদার ছিলেন, যিনি হঠাৎ করেই পাগল হয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। তাঁর পরিবার তাঁকে হাত-পা বেঁধে শিকলে আটকে নিয়ে এসেছিল। তা-ও পনেরো বছর আগের কথা। মাসে একবার তাঁর দর্শনার্থীরা আসতেন, কিন্তু পাঞ্জাবে সাম্প্রদায়িক দাঙ্গা শুরুর পর থেকে তারা আসা বন্ধ করে দিয়েছিলেন। তাঁর আসল নাম ছিল বিষেন সিং, কিন্তু সবাই তাঁকে টোবা টেক সিং বলেই ডাকত। তিনি এক অদ্ভুত অনিশ্চয়তার জগতে বাস করতেন; সপ্তাহের কোন্ দিন, কোন্ মাস, কিংবা তাঁর গৃহবন্দিত্বের পর থেকে কত বছর কেটে গেছে—সে সম্পর্কে তাঁর কোনো ধারণাই ছিল না। তবুও, দর্শনার্থীদের আসার দিনটি সম্পর্কে তাঁর মধ্যে এক ষষ্ঠ ইন্দ্রিয় গড়ে উঠেছিল; যেদিন তিনি নিজে স্নান করতেন, গায়ে সাবান মাখতেন, চুলে তেল দিয়ে সিঁথি কাটতেন এবং পরিষ্কার জামাকাপড় পরতেন। এসব সাক্ষাতের সময় তিনি কখনোই কোনো কথা বলতেন না, কেবল মাঝেমধ্যে হঠাৎ চিৎকার করে বলে উঠতেন, ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য বে ধ্যায়ানা দ্য মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ দ্য লালটেন।’ তিনি যখন প্রথম বন্দি হন, তখন পেছনে ফেলে এসেছিলেন এক শিশুকন্যাকে, যে এখন পনেরো বছরের এক সুন্দরী তরুণী। সে মাঝেমধ্যে আসত এবং দুগাল বেয়ে জল গড়িয়ে পড়া অবস্থায় তাঁর সামনে বসে থাকত। তিনি যে অদ্ভুত জগতে বাস করতেন, তাতে তার মুখটি ছিল স্রেফ আরেকটি মুখ মাত্র। এই ভারত-পাকিস্তান গোলযোগ শুরুর পর থেকে, টোবা টেক সিং ঠিক কোথায় অবস্থিত—সহবন্দিদের কাছে তা জিজ্ঞাসা করা তাঁর অভ্যাসে দাঁড়িয়ে গিয়েছিল; যদিও কোনো সন্তোষজনক উত্তর মিলত না, কারণ কেউই তা জানত না। দর্শনার্থীদের আসাও হঠাৎ বন্ধ হয়ে গিয়েছিল। তিনি দিন দিন অস্থির হয়ে উঠছিলেন, কিন্তু তার চেয়েও বেশি ছিলেন কৌতূহলী। যে ষষ্ঠ ইন্দ্রিয়টি তাঁকে দর্শনের দিন সম্পর্কে সচেতন করে দিত, সেটিও নিষ্ক্রিয় হয়ে পড়েছিল। He missed his family, the gifts they used to bring and the concern with which they used to speak to him. He was sure they would have told him whether Toba Tek Singh was in India or Pakistan. He also had a feeling that they came from Toba Tek Singh, where he used to have his home. One of the inmates had declared himself God. Bishen Singh asked him one day if Toba Tek Singh was in India or Pakistan. The man chuckled. ‘Neither in India nor in Pakistan, because, so far, we have issued no orders in this respect.’ Bishen Singh begged ‘God’ to issue the necessary orders so that his problem could be solved, but he was disappointed, as ‘God’ appeared to be preoccupied with more pressing matters. Finally, he told him angrily, ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the mung the dal of Gurwji da Khalsa and Guruji ki fateh... jo boley so nihal sat sri akal.’ What he wanted to say was, ‘You don’t answer my prayers because you are a Muslim god. Had you been a Sikh god, you would have been more of a sport. A few days before the exchange was to take place, one of Bishen Singh’s Muslim friends from Toba Tek Singh came to see him—the first time in fifteen years. Bishen Singh looked at him once and turned away, until a guard said to him, ‘This is your old friend Fazal Din. He has come all the way to meet you’ Bishen Singh looked at Fazal Din and began to mumble something. Fazal Din placed his hand on his friend’s shoulder and said, ‘I have been meaning to come for some time to bring you news. All your family is well and has gone to India safely. I did what I could to help. Your daughter Roop Kaur... ’—he hesitated— ‘ She is safe too... in India. ’ Bishen Singh kept quiet; Fazal Din continued, ‘Your family wanted me to make sure you were well. Soon you will be moving to India. What can I say, except that you should remember me to bhai Balbir Singh, bhai Vadhawa Singh and bahain Amrit Kaur. Tell bhai Balbir Singh that Fazal Din is well by the grace of God. The two brown buffaloes he left behind are well too. Both of them gave birth to calves, but, unfortunately, one of them died after six days. Say I think of them often and to write to me if there is anything I can do.’ Then he added, ‘Here, I brought you a nice treat from home.’ Bishen Singh took the gift and handed it to one of the guards. ‘Where is Toba Tek Singh?’ he asked. ‘Where? Why, it is where it has always been.’ Tn India or in Pakistan?’ তিনি তাঁর পরিবার, তাঁদের আনা উপহারসামগ্রী এবং যে গভীর উদ্বেগের সাথে তাঁরা তাঁর সাথে কথা বলতেন, সেসবের অভাব বোধ করছিলেন। তিনি নিশ্চিত ছিলেন যে টোবা টেক সিং ভারতে নাকি পাকিস্তানে, তা তাঁরা তাঁকে জানিয়ে দিতেন। তাঁর এ-ও মনে হতো যে তাঁরা টোবা টেক সিং থেকেই আসছিলেন, যেখানে একসময় তাঁর ঘরবাড়ি ছিল। পাগলাগারদের একজন বন্দি নিজেকে ঈশ্বর বলে ঘোষণা করেছিল। একদিন বিষেন সিং তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, টোবা টেক সিং ভারতে নাকি পাকিস্তানে। লোকটা মুচকি হাসল। ‘ভারতেও না, পাকিস্তানেও না, কারণ এ পর্যন্ত আমরা এ বিষয়ে কোনো আদেশ জারি করিনি।’ বিষেন সিং ‘ঈশ্বর’-এর কাছে অনুরোধ জানালেন প্রয়োজনীয় আদেশ জারি করার জন্য যাতে তাঁর সমস্যার সমাধান হতে পারে; কিন্তু তিনি হতাশ হলেন, কারণ ‘ঈশ্বর’-কে আরও জরুরি বিষয় নিয়ে ব্যস্ত বলে মনে হলো। অবশেষে, তিনি ক্ষোভের সাথে তাকে বললেন, ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ গুরুজি দা খালসা অ্যান্ড গুরুজি কি ফাতেহ... জো বোলে সো নিহাল সৎ শ্রী আকাল।’ তিনি যা বলতে চেয়েছিলেন তা হলো, ‘তুমি আমার প্রার্থনার জবাব দিচ্ছ না কারণ তুমি একজন মুসলিম ঈশ্বর। তুমি যদি শিখদের ঈশ্বর হতে, তবে তুমি আরও উদার হতে।’ আদান-প্রদান ঘটার কয়েক দিন আগে, টোবা টেক সিং থেকে বিষেন সিংয়ের এক মুসলিম বন্ধু তাঁর সাথে দেখা করতে এলেন—পনেরো বছরের মধ্যে প্রথমবার। বিষেন সিং তাঁর দিকে একবার তাকালেন এবং মুখ ফিরিয়ে নিলেন, যতক্ষণ না এক প্রহরী তাঁকে বলল, ‘ইনি আপনার পুরোনো বন্ধু ফজল দিন। তিনি আপনার সাথে দেখা করতে অনেক দূর থেকে এসেছেন।’ বিষেন সিং ফজল দিনের দিকে তাকালেন এবং বিড়বিড় করে কিছু বলতে লাগলেন। ফজল দিন তাঁর বন্ধুর কাঁধে হাত রেখে বললেন, ‘আপনাকে খবর পৌঁছে দেওয়ার জন্য আমি বেশ কিছুদিন ধরেই আসার কথা ভাবছিলাম। আপনার পরিবারের সবাই ভালো আছেন এবং নিরাপদে ভারতে চলে গেছেন। সাহায্য করার জন্য যতটুকু সম্ভব আমি করেছি। আপনার মেয়ে রূপ কৌর...’—তিনি দ্বিধা করলেন—‘সে-ও নিরাপদে আছে... ভারতে।’ বিষেন সিং চুপ করে রইলেন; ফজল দিন বলে চললেন, ‘আপনার পরিবার চেয়েছিল আমি যেন নিশ্চিত হই আপনি ভালো আছেন। শীঘ্রই আপনি ভারতে চলে যাবেন। আমি আর কী-ই বা বলতে পারি, কেবল এইটুকু ছাড়া যে ভাই বলবীর সিং, ভাই বাধাওয়া সিং এবং বোন অমৃত কৌরকে আমার কথা স্মরণ করিয়ে দেবেন। ভাই বলবীর সিংকে বলবেন যে আল্লাহর রহমতে ফজল দিন ভালো আছে। তিনি যে দুটি বাদামি মোষ পেছনে ফেলে এসেছিলেন, সেগুলোও ভালো আছে। দুটি মোষই বাছুরের জন্ম দিয়েছিল, কিন্তু দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, তাদের একটি ছয় দিন পর মারা গেছে। বলবেন যে আমি প্রায়ই তাঁদের কথা মনে করি, আর যদি আমি কোনো সাহায্য করতে পারি তবে যেন আমাকে লেখেন।’ তারপর তিনি যোগ করলেন, ‘এই যে, আমি বাড়ি থেকে আপনার জন্য সুন্দর কিছু খাবার এনেছি।’ বিষেন সিং উপহারটি নিলেন এবং প্রহরীদের একজনের হাতে তুলে দিলেন। ‘টোবা টেক সিং কোথায়?’ তিনি জিজ্ঞেস করলেন। ‘কোথায় আবার? কেন, এটি সেখানেই আছে যেখানে এটি সব সময় ছিল।’ ‘ভারতে নাকি পাকিস্তানে?’ Tn India ... no, in Pakistan.’ Without saying another word, Bishen Singh walked away, murmuring, ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the mung the dal of the Pakistan and Hindustan dur fittay moun.’ Meanwhile, the exchange arrangements were rapidly being finalized. Lists of lunatics from the two sides had been exchanged between the governments, and the date of transfer fixed. On a cold winter evening, buses full of Hindu and Sikh lunatics, accompanied by armed police and officials, began moving out of the Lahore asylum towards Wagha, the dividing line between India and Pakistan. Senior officials from the two sides in charge of exchange arrangements met, signed documents and the transfer got under way. It was quite a job getting the men out of the buses and handing them over to officials. Some just refused to leave. Those who were persuaded to do so began to run pell-mell in every direction. Some were stark naked. All efforts to get them to cover themselves had failed because they couldn’t be kept from tearing off their garments. Some were shouting abuse or singing. Others were weeping bitterly. Many fights broke out. In short, complete confusion prevailed. Female lunatics were also being exchanged and they were even noisier. It was bitterly cold. Most of the inmates appeared to be dead set against the entire operation. They simply could not understand why they were being forcibly removed, thrown into buses and driven to this strange place.There were slogans of ‘Pakistan Zindabad’ and ‘Pakistan Murdabad’, followed by fights. When Bishen Singh was brought out and asked to give his name so that it could be recorded in a register, he asked the official behind the desk, ‘Where is Toba Tek Singh? In India or Pakistan?’ ‘Pakistan,’ he answered with a vulgar laugh. Bishen Singh tried to run, but was overpowered by the Pakistani guards who tried to push him across the dividing line towards India. However, he wouldn’t move. ‘This is Toba Tek Singh,’ he announced. ‘Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana mung the dal of Toba Tek Singh and Pakistan.’ Many efforts were made to explain to him that Toba Tek Singh had already been moved to India, or would be moved immediately, but it had no effect on Bishen Singh. The guards even tried force, but soon gave up. ‘ভারতে... না, পাকিস্তানে।’ আর একটি কথাও না বলে, বিষেন সিং বিড়বিড় করতে করতে হেঁটে চলে গেলেন, ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য বে ধ্যায়ানা দ্য মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ দ্য পাকিস্তান অ্যান্ড হিন্দুস্তান দূর ফিট্টে মু।’ ইতোমধ্যে, আদান-প্রদানের আয়োজন দ্রুত চূড়ান্ত করা হচ্ছিল। দুই সরকারের মধ্যে দুই পক্ষের পাগলদের তালিকা বিনিময় করা হয়েছিল, এবং হস্তান্তরের তারিখও নির্ধারিত হয়েছিল। শীতের এক কনকনে সন্ধ্যায়, সশস্ত্র পুলিশ ও কর্মকর্তাদের সাথে হিন্দু ও শিখ পাগলে ভরা বাসগুলো লাহোর পাগলাগারদ থেকে ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের মধ্যকার বিভক্তকারী রেখা ওয়াগার দিকে রওনা হতে শুরু করল। আদান-প্রদান ব্যবস্থাপনার দায়িত্বে থাকা উভয় পক্ষের জ্যেষ্ঠ কর্মকর্তারা সাক্ষাৎ করলেন, নথিপত্রে স্বাক্ষর করলেন এবং স্থানান্তর প্রক্রিয়া শুরু হয়ে গেল। বাস থেকে পুরুষদের নামানো এবং কর্মকর্তাদের হাতে তুলে দেওয়া বেশ কঠিন এক কাজ হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছিল। কেউ কেউ স্রেফ বের হতে অস্বীকার করছিল। যাদের বুঝিয়ে-সুঝিয়ে নামানো হয়েছিল, তারা চারদিকে এলোপাতাড়ি দৌড়াতে লাগল। কেউ কেউ ছিল সম্পূর্ণ উলঙ্গ। তাদের শরীর ঢাকার সমস্ত চেষ্টা ব্যর্থ হয়েছিল, কারণ তাদের জামাকাপড় ছিঁড়ে ফেলা থেকে আটকানো যাচ্ছিল না। কেউ কেউ গালিগালাজ করছিল কিংবা গান গাইছিল। অন্যরা অঝোরে কাঁদছিল। অনেকের মধ্যে হাতাহাতি-মারামারি বেঁধে গেল। এক কথায়, চরম বিশৃঙ্খলা বিরাজ করছিল। মহিলা পাগলদেরও আদান-প্রদান করা হচ্ছিল এবং তারা ছিল আরও বেশি হইচইপূর্ণ। হাড়কাঁপানো ঠান্ডা পড়ছিল। বেশিরভাগ বন্দিকেই পুরো প্রক্রিয়াটির বিরুদ্ধে দৃঢ়ভাবে অবস্থান নিতে দেখা গেল। তারা স্রেফ বুঝতে পারছিল না কেন তাদের জোরপূর্বক তুলে আনা হচ্ছে, বাসে ছুড়ে ফেলা হচ্ছে এবং এই অদ্ভুত জায়গায় তাড়িয়ে আনা হচ্ছে। ‘পাকিস্তান জিন্দাবাদ’ এবং ‘পাকিস্তান মুর্দাবাদ’ স্লোগান উঠছিল, আর তার পরপরই শুরু হচ্ছিল মারামারি। বিষেন সিংকে যখন বের করে আনা হলো এবং রেজিস্টারে নাম নথিভুক্ত করার জন্য তাঁর নাম জানতে চাওয়া হলো, তখন তিনি ডেস্কে বসা কর্মকর্তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, ‘টোবা টেক সিং কোথায়? ভারতে নাকি পাকিস্তানে?’ ‘পাকিস্তানে,’ এক কুৎসিত হাসি হেসে উত্তর দিলেন সেই কর্মকর্তা। বিষেন সিং দৌড়ে পালানোর চেষ্টা করলেন, কিন্তু পাকিস্তানি প্রহরীরা তাঁকে কাবু করে ফেলল এবং সীমানা রেখা পার করে ভারতের দিকে ঠেলে দেওয়ার চেষ্টা করল। কিন্তু তিনি নড়লেন না। ‘এটিই টোবা টেক সিং,’ তিনি ঘোষণা করলেন। ‘উপর দ্য গুড় গুড় দ্য অ্যানেক্স দ্য বে ধ্যায়ানা মুগ দ্য ডাল অফ টোবা টেক সিং অ্যান্ড পাকিস্তান।’ টোবা টেক সিং ইতোমধ্যে ভারতে চলে গেছে, অথবা এখনই নিয়ে যাওয়া হবে—একথা তাঁকে বোঝানোর অনেক চেষ্টা করা হলো, কিন্তু বিষেন সিংয়ের ওপর তার কোনো প্রভাবই পড়ল না। প্রহরীরা এমনকি বলপ্রয়োগেরও চেষ্টা করল, কিন্তু শীঘ্রই হাল ছেড়ে দিল। There he stood in no-man’s-land on his swollen legs like a colossus. Since he was a harmless old man, no further attempt was made to push him into India. He was allowed to stand where he wanted, while the exchange continued. The night wore on. Just before sunrise, Bishen Singh, the man who had stood on his legs for fifteen years, screamed and as officials from the two sides rushed towards him, he collapsed to the ground. There, behind barbed wire, on one side, lay India and behind more barbed wire, on the other side, lay Pakistan. In between, on a bit of earth, which had no name, lay Toba Tek Singh. (1955) —Translated by Khalid Hasan সেখানে তিনি নো-ম্যান্স-ল্যান্ডে তাঁর ফোলা পা দুটির ওপর বিশাল এক অতিকায় মূর্তির মতো দাঁড়িয়ে রইলেন। যেহেতু তিনি ছিলেন একজন নিরীহ বৃদ্ধ মানুষ, তাই তাঁকে ভারতের দিকে ঠেলে দেওয়ার আর কোনো চেষ্টা করা হলো না। আদান-প্রদান চলতে থাকার সময় তিনি যেখানে দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে চেয়েছিলেন, সেখানেই তাঁকে দাঁড়াতে দেওয়া হলো। রাত গড়িয়ে চলল। সূর্যোদয়ের ঠিক আগে, বিষেন সিং—যে মানুষটি পনেরো বছর ধরে নিজের পায়ের ওপর দাঁড়িয়ে ছিলেন—আর্ত চিৎকার করে উঠলেন; আর দুই পক্ষের কর্মকর্তারা যখন তাঁর দিকে ছুটে এলেন, তখন তিনি মাটিতে লুটিয়ে পড়লেন। সেখানে, একদিকের কাঁটাতারের পেছনে পড়ে ছিল ভারত, আর অন্যদিকের কাঁটাতারের পেছনে পড়ে ছিল পাকিস্তান। মাঝখানে, নামহীন এক টুকরো মাটিতে পড়ে ছিল টোবা টেক সিং। (১৯৫৫) — খালিদ হাসান কর্তৃক অনূদিত Glossary Inmates: People confined to an institution like a prison or asylum. Asylum: A place offering protection or shelter, often referring to an institution for the mentally ill. Enthusiasm: Intense and eager enjoyment or interest. Eavesdropping: Secretly listening to someone else's conversation. Rigmarole: A long, complicated, or confusing procedure. Vantage point: A position that gives a good view or understanding of something. Communal: Related to a group of people, often involving a community or shared culture; can also refer to conflicts between different religious or ethnic groups. Limbo: An uncertain state or condition. Atrophy: To waste away or deteriorate, typically through lack of use. Fettered: Restrained or bound, usually with chains. Atrophied: Weakened or shrunk because it hasn't been used. Colossus - A person or thing of enormous size, importance, or power. শব্দকোষ (Glossary) Inmates (ইনমেটস / বন্দি বা আবাসিক): কোনো প্রতিষ্ঠান যেমন কারাগার বা পাগলাগারদে আবদ্ধ ব্যক্তিগণ। Asylum (অ্যাসাইলাম / আশ্রয়কেন্দ্র বা পাগলাগারদ): সুরক্ষা বা আশ্রয় প্রদানকারী স্থান; সাধারণত মানসিকভাবে অসুস্থদের চিকিৎসা ও আশ্রয়ের প্রতিষ্ঠানকে বোঝায়। Enthusiasm (এনথুসিয়াজম / উৎসাহ বা উদ্দীপনা): তীব্র এবং ব্যাকুল আনন্দ বা প্রবল আগ্রহ। Eavesdropping (ইভসড্রপিং / আড়ি পাতা): গোপনে অন্য কারও কথোপকথন শোনা। Rigmarole (রিগম্যারোল / জটিল প্রক্রিয়া বা প্যাঁচাল): একটি দীর্ঘ, জটিল বা বিভ্রান্তিকর প্রক্রিয়া। Vantage point (ভ্যান্টেজ পয়েন্ট / সুবিধাজনক পর্যবেক্ষণ স্থান): এমন একটি অবস্থান যা কোনো বিষয়কে ভালোভাবে দেখার বা গভীরভাবে বোঝার সুযোগ করে দেয়। Communal (কম্যুন্যাল / সাম্প্রদায়িক): জনগোষ্ঠীর কোনো নির্দিষ্ট দলের সাথে সম্পর্কিত, যাতে প্রায়শই কোনো সম্প্রদায় বা যৌথ সংস্কৃতি অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকে; এটি বিভিন্ন ধর্মীয় বা জাতিগত গোষ্ঠীর মধ্যকার দ্বন্দ্ব বা সংঘাতকেও বোঝাতে পারে। Limbo (লিম্বো / অনিশ্চিত বা ঝুলন্ত অবস্থা): একটি অনিশ্চিত বা অনির্ধারিত অবস্থা বা পরিস্থিতি। Atrophy (অ্যাট্রফি / ক্ষয় পাওয়া বা নিস্তেজ হওয়া): সাধারণত ব্যবহারের অভাবে ক্ষয় পাওয়া বা অবক্ষয় ঘটা। Fettered (ফেটার্ড / শৃঙ্খলিত বা শিকলবদ্ধ): অবরুদ্ধ বা শক্তভাবে আবদ্ধ, সাধারণত শিকল দিয়ে বাঁধা। Atrophied (অ্যাট্রফাইড / ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত বা কার্যক্ষমতাহীন): অব্যবহারের কারণে দুর্বল, সংকুচিত বা নিষ্ক্রিয় হয়ে যাওয়া। Colossus (কলসাস / অতিকায় মূর্তি বা মহাশক্তিশালী সত্তা): প্রকাণ্ড আকার, অত্যন্ত গুরুত্ব বা বিশাল ক্ষমতার অধিকারী কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু। Study Questions 1. How does the lack of clear communication among the inmates reflect the broader confusion caused by the partition? 2. What does Toba Tek Singh represent in the story, and why is it significant for understanding the impact of partition? 3. How does Bishan Singh’s refusal represent a form of resistance against the imposed national identities of being an Indian or a Pakistani ? 1. How does the lack of clear communication among the inmates reflect the broader confusion caused by the partition? The inmates' confusion serves as a microcosm for the massive disorientation experienced by the general public during the 1947 Partition. Just as the inmates cannot comprehend how their hometowns could suddenly "slide" into a new country overnight, millions of citizens were left clueless by the abrupt and arbitrary drawing of borders. The failure of newspapers, guards, and officials to explain the situation to the inmates mirrors the lack of clear communication from political leaders to the masses, resulting in a traumatic, forced migration where people were uprooted without understanding the geographic or social reality of their new national identities. অনুবাদ (Translation): অন্তেবাসীদের (পাগলাগারদের বাসিন্দাদের) বিভ্রান্তি ১৯৪৭ সালের দেশভাগের সময় সাধারণ মানুষের বিশাল দিকভ্রান্তির একটি ক্ষুদ্র রূপ হিসেবে কাজ করে। ঠিক যেমন অন্তেবাসীরা বুঝতে পারে না কীভাবে তাদের নিজ শহর রাতারাতি একটি নতুন দেশে "চলে যেতে" পারে, তেমনি লক্ষ লক্ষ নাগরিক সীমানার আকস্মিক এবং স্বেচ্ছাচারী নির্ধারণের কারণে দিশেহারা হয়ে পড়েছিল। অন্তেবাসীদের কাছে পরিস্থিতি ব্যাখ্যা করতে সংবাদপত্র, প্রহরী এবং কর্মকর্তাদের ব্যর্থতা, সাধারণ মানুষের প্রতি রাজনৈতিক নেতাদের স্পষ্ট যোগাযোগের অভাবকে প্রতিফলিত করে। এর ফলে একটি যন্ত্রণাদায়ক ও জোরপূর্বক অভিবাসন ঘটেছিল, যেখানে মানুষ তাদের নতুন জাতীয় পরিচয়ের ভৌগোলিক বা সামাজিক বাস্তবতা না বুঝেই উৎখাত হয়েছিল। 2. What does Toba Tek Singh represent in the story, and why is it significant for understanding the impact of partition? Toba Tek Singh represents the deeply rooted concept of home, ancestral belonging, and a unified human identity that transcends artificial political or religious boundaries. Because Bishen Singh and his hometown share the same name by the end of the story, the town becomes a symbol of the man himself. This is significant because it highlights the tragic human cost of Partition. It demonstrates that for the common person, an abstract allegiance to a newly invented state ("India" or "Pakistan") meant nothing compared to their physical and emotional connection to the land where they lived, loved, and raised their families. অনুবাদ (Translation): টোবা টেক সিং বাড়ি, পৈতৃক শিকড় এবং একটি ঐক্যবদ্ধ মানব পরিচয়ের গভীরভাবে প্রোথিত ধারণার প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে, যা কৃত্রিম রাজনৈতিক বা ধর্মীয় সীমানাকে অতিক্রম করে। যেহেতু গল্পের শেষে বিষেন সিং এবং তার নিজ শহরের নাম একই হয়ে যায়, তাই শহরটি মানুষটির নিজেরই প্রতীক হয়ে ওঠে। এটি তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ কারণ এটি দেশভাগের মর্মান্তিক মানবিক মূল্যকে তুলে ধরে। এটি দেখায় যে সাধারণ মানুষের জন্য, একটি সদ্য সৃষ্ট রাষ্ট্রের ("ভারত" বা "পাকিস্তান") প্রতি বিমূর্ত আনুগত্যের কোনো অর্থ ছিল না, বরং তাদের কাছে বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ছিল সেই ভূমির সাথে তাদের শারীরিক এবং মানসিক সম্পর্ক, যেখানে তারা বাস করত, ভালোবাসত এবং তাদের পরিবারকে বড় করেছিল। 3. How does Bishan Singh’s refusal represent a form of resistance against the imposed national identities of being an Indian or a Pakistani? Bishen Singh’s refusal to cross the border is a powerful rejection of the binary logic that forced people to identify solely by their religion or new nationality. By planting his permanently swollen legs in the stateless "no-man's-land" between the two barbed-wire fences, he actively rejects a fractured identity dictated by politicians. His final stance and subsequent death on that narrow strip of unnamed earth expose the sheer absurdity of the Partition, suggesting that the true "madness" belonged to the governments who tore the subcontinent apart, while the "lunatic" remained fiercely loyal to a purer, more authentic connection to his homeland. অনুবাদ (Translation): সীমান্ত অতিক্রম করতে বিষেন সিংয়ের অস্বীকৃতি সেই দ্বৈত যুক্তির একটি শক্তিশালী প্রত্যাখ্যান, যা মানুষকে কেবল তাদের ধর্ম বা নতুন জাতীয়তা দ্বারা নিজেদের পরিচয় দিতে বাধ্য করেছিল। দুটি কাঁটাতারের বেড়ার মাঝখানে রাষ্ট্রহীন "নো-ম্যানস-ল্যান্ডে" (কারো নয় এমন জমিতে) তার স্থায়ীভাবে ফুলে যাওয়া পা দুটি গেঁথে দিয়ে তিনি রাজনীতিবিদদের চাপিয়ে দেওয়া একটি খণ্ডিত পরিচয়কে সক্রিয়ভাবে প্রত্যাখ্যান করেন। সেই নামহীন এক টুকরো মাটিতে তার চূড়ান্ত অবস্থান এবং পরবর্তীতে মৃত্যু দেশভাগের চরম অযৌক্তিকতা প্রকাশ করে। এটি ইঙ্গিত দেয় যে সত্যিকারের "উন্মাদনা" ছিল সেই সরকারগুলোর মধ্যে যারা উপমহাদেশকে ছিন্নভিন্ন করেছিল, আর সেই তথাকথিত "পাগল" তার জন্মভূমির প্রতি এক বিশুদ্ধ ও আরও খাঁটি সম্পর্কের প্রতি অটল অনুগত ছিল। Toba Tek Singh — Comprehensive Vocabulary List No. Word / Expression বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 1 Abolish বিলুপ্ত করা eliminate 2 Accompanied by সঙ্গে থাকা escorted by 3 Actual exchange প্রকৃত/বাস্তব বিনিময় real transfer 4 Affected প্রভাবিত influenced 5 Alert সতর্ক করা / সচেতন করা warn 6 All the way সম্পূর্ণ পথ / বহুদূর throughout the journey 7 Annexe সংলগ্ন ভবন/অংশ extension 8 Apprehend আশঙ্কা করা / গ্রেপ্তার করা anticipate 9 Apprehending আশঙ্কা করে fearing 10 Arise সৃষ্টি হওয়া occur 11 Armed police সশস্ত্র পুলিশ armed security 12 Arrangements ব্যবস্থা preparations 13 Asylum মানসিক রোগীদের আশ্রয়কেন্দ্র institution 14 Atrophy ব্যবহারের অভাবে ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত হওয়া deteriorate 15 Atrophied ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত / দুর্বল হয়ে যাওয়া deteriorated 16 Authorities কর্তৃপক্ষ officials 17 Bargain দর-কষাকষি negotiate 18 Barbed wire কাঁটাতারের বেড়া razor wire 19 Be bound to বাধ্য/নিশ্চিত হওয়া be obliged 20 Be convinced নিশ্চিতভাবে বিশ্বাস করা be certain 21 Be in charge of দায়িত্বে থাকা supervise 22 Be located অবস্থিত হওয়া be situated 23 Be replaced by দ্বারা প্রতিস্থাপিত হওয়া be superseded by 24 Beg অনুরোধ/আবেদন করা plead 25 Beloved প্রিয়জন darling 26 Bitterly cold অত্যন্ত ঠান্ডা freezing 27 Bloody রক্তাক্ত / এখানে অবজ্ঞাসূচক অর্থে ব্যবহৃত contemptuous 28 Border সীমান্ত frontier 29 Broader বৃহত্তর wider 30 Caboodle পুরো দল/সমষ্টি; জটিল বিষয় collection 31 Calves বাছুর young cattle 32 Captivity বন্দিত্ব confinement 33 Communal সাম্প্রদায়িক / সম্প্রদায়ভিত্তিক sectarian 34 Communal conflict সাম্প্রদায়িক সংঘাত sectarian conflict 35 Conferences সম্মেলন meetings 36 Conferring পরামর্শ/আলোচনা করা consulting 37 Confined বন্দি / আবদ্ধ imprisoned 38 Confusion বিভ্রান্তি disorder 39 Congratulations অভিনন্দন good wishes 40 Conscious সচেতন aware 41 Considerable উল্লেখযোগ্য substantial 42 Constitution গঠন / সংবিধান framework 43 Contempt অবজ্ঞা scorn 44 Curious কৌতূহলী inquisitive 45 Current বর্তমান present 46 Current debate চলমান বিতর্ক ongoing discussion 47 Cut-throat ভয়ংকর / নির্মম ruthless 48 Decision সিদ্ধান্ত determination 49 Declare ঘোষণা করা announce 50 Declared dangerous বিপজ্জনক বলে ঘোষণা করা classified as dangerous 51 Deep shock গভীর আঘাত/বিস্ময় severe shock 52 Delicate problem জটিল/সংবেদনশীল সমস্যা sensitive issue 53 Depression বিষণ্ণতা despondency 54 Devoted নিবেদিত / অনুগত dedicated 55 Deteriorate অবনতি হওয়া worsen 56 Difficult to say বলা কঠিন uncertain 57 Dividing line বিভাজনরেখা boundary 58 Documents নথিপত্র records 59 Dread ভয় / আতঙ্ক fear 60 Entire সম্পূর্ণ whole 61 Entirely সম্পূর্ণভাবে completely 62 Enthusiasm উদ্দীপনা eagerness 63 Eavesdrop গোপনে কারও কথা শোনা overhear secretly 64 Exchange বিনিময় transfer 65 Exchange arrangements বিনিময়ের ব্যবস্থা transfer arrangements 66 Extradition প্রত্যর্পণ handing over 67 Families পরিবারবর্গ relatives 68 Fated ভাগ্যনির্ধারিত destined 69 Fettered শৃঙ্খলিত / বাঁধা chained 70 Final details চূড়ান্ত বিষয়াবলি concluding details 71 Forthcoming আসন্ন upcoming 72 Frightening ভীতিকর alarming 73 Fully convinced সম্পূর্ণভাবে নিশ্চিত completely certain 74 Gibberish অর্থহীন অসংলগ্ন কথা nonsense 75 Grant independence স্বাধীনতা প্রদান করা give freedom 76 Hangman’s noose ফাঁসির দড়ি execution rope 77 Heated discussion উত্তপ্ত আলোচনা intense debate 78 Hindostan / Hindustan ভারত India 79 Home country নিজ দেশ homeland 80 Immigrant অভিবাসী migrant 81 Imposed চাপিয়ে দেওয়া enforced 82 In charge of দায়িত্বপ্রাপ্ত responsible for 83 Inmates বন্দি/আশ্রয়কেন্দ্রে থাকা ব্যক্তি confined persons 84 Inquiring জানতে চাওয়া / অনুসন্ধান করা asking 85 Insane উন্মাদ mad 86 Institution প্রতিষ্ঠান establishment 87 Intention উদ্দেশ্য / ইচ্ছা purpose 88 Invasion আক্রমণ / অনুপ্রবেশ incursion 89 Issue জারি করা / বিষয় release / matter 90 Lack অভাব absence 91 Landlord জমিদার landowner 92 Lunatic উন্মাদ ব্যক্তি mentally ill person 93 Lunatic asylum মানসিক রোগীদের আশ্রয়কেন্দ্র psychiatric institution 94 Migrate দেশান্তরিত হওয়া move 95 Migration দেশান্তর / স্থানান্তর relocation 96 Mingle মেশা mix 97 Misdirection ভুল পথে পরিচালনা misleading 98 Mystery রহস্য enigma 99 Mysterious রহস্যময় enigmatic 100 No-man’s-land দুই দেশের মধ্যবর্তী নিরপেক্ষ এলাকা neutral zone 101 Non-Muslim অমুসলিম non-Islamic 102 Notice লক্ষ্য করা observe 103 Official সরকারি কর্মকর্তা authority 104 Operation কার্যক্রম procedure 105 Overpowered শক্তিতে পরাস্ত subdued 106 Partially mad আংশিকভাবে উন্মাদ partly insane 107 Partition দেশভাগ division 108 Pell-mell এলোমেলোভাবে / বিশৃঙ্খলভাবে chaotically 109 Population জনসংখ্যা inhabitants 110 Preoccupied অন্য বিষয়ে গভীরভাবে ব্যস্ত absorbed 111 Profound গভীর / অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ deep 112 Prosperous সমৃদ্ধশালী wealthy 113 Pressing matters জরুরি বিষয় urgent matters 114 Procedure কার্যপ্রণালী process 115 Proclaim ঘোষণা করা declare 116 Queer অদ্ভুত strange 117 Rigmarole দীর্ঘ ও জটিল/বিভ্রান্তিকর প্রক্রিয়া complicated procedure 118 Restless অস্থির uneasy 119 Respective নিজ নিজ corresponding 120 Resist প্রতিরোধ করা oppose 121 Satisfactory সন্তোষজনক acceptable 122 Satisfied সন্তুষ্ট pleased 123 Sectarian সাম্প্রদায়িক communal 124 Serious গুরুতর grave 125 Significant তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ important 126 Solemnly গম্ভীরভাবে seriously 127 Stark naked সম্পূর্ণ নগ্ন completely naked 128 Subcontinent উপমহাদেশ large region 129 Subsist কোনোমতে জীবনধারণ করা survive 130 Surrender আত্মসমর্পণ করা yield 131 Suspicion সন্দেহ doubt 132 Sympathy সহানুভূতি compassion 133 Transfer স্থানান্তর করা move 134 Unconscious অচেতন senseless 135 Uncertainty অনিশ্চয়তা doubt 136 Uncertain অনিশ্চিত doubtful 137 Utterly সম্পূর্ণভাবে completely 138 Vague অস্পষ্ট unclear 139 Vantage point সুবিধাজনক অবস্থান/দৃষ্টিকোণ viewpoint 140 Vanish অদৃশ্য হয়ে যাওয়া disappear 141 Victim শিকার sufferer 142 Vulgar অশালীন / রুচিহীন crude 143 Weary ক্লান্ত tired 144 Whisper ফিসফিস করে বলা murmur 145 Widespread ব্যাপকভাবে বিস্তৃত extensive Important Words from Bishen Singh’s Story No. Word / Expression বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 146 Atrophy of the sixth sense ষষ্ঠ ইন্দ্রিয়ের দুর্বল হয়ে যাওয়া loss of instinct 147 Be confined for years বহু বছর বন্দি থাকা remain imprisoned 148 Be in limbo অনিশ্চিত অবস্থায় থাকা remain in uncertainty 149 Be on the verge of দ্বারপ্রান্তে থাকা be close to 150 Be preoccupied with কোনো বিষয়ে গভীরভাবে ব্যস্ত থাকা be absorbed in 151 Develop a sixth sense ষষ্ঠ ইন্দ্রিয় তৈরি হওয়া develop an instinct 152 Fairly prosperous মোটামুটি সচ্ছল reasonably wealthy 153 Fellow inmate সহবন্দি fellow prisoner 154 Home town নিজ শহর native town 155 Increasingly restless ক্রমশ অস্থির progressively uneasy 156 Infant daughter শিশুকন্যা baby daughter 157 In a kind of limbo এক ধরনের অনিশ্চিত অবস্থায় in an uncertain state 158 Keep quiet নীরব থাকা remain silent 159 Lose one’s mind মানসিক ভারসাম্য হারানো go insane 160 Mumble something অস্পষ্টভাবে কিছু বলা mutter 161 Roll down one’s cheeks গাল বেয়ে গড়িয়ে পড়া stream down 162 Run pell-mell এলোমেলোভাবে দৌড়ানো run chaotically 163 Satisfactory answer সন্তোষজনক উত্তর acceptable answer 164 Stand solemnly গম্ভীরভাবে দাঁড়ানো stand seriously 165 Take place সংঘটিত হওয়া occur 166 Tear off ছিঁড়ে ফেলা / খুলে ফেলা rip off 167 Turn away মুখ ফিরিয়ে নেওয়া avert 168 Vague idea অস্পষ্ট ধারণা unclear notion 169 Walk away চলে যাওয়া depart 170 Without saying a word কোনো কথা না বলে silently Political / Historical Vocabulary No. Word / Expression বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 171 Communal trouble সাম্প্রদায়িক অশান্তি sectarian conflict 172 Dividing line বিভাজনরেখা boundary 173 Government officials সরকারি কর্মকর্তারা state officials 174 Grant independence স্বাধীনতা প্রদান করা confer independence 175 Hindu হিন্দু Hindu person 176 Independence স্বাধীনতা self-rule 177 Muslim মুসলিম Muslim person 178 National identity জাতীয় পরিচয় national affiliation 179 Partition দেশভাগ division 180 Political identity রাজনৈতিক পরিচয় political affiliation 181 Separate country পৃথক রাষ্ট্র independent state 182 Transfer of population জনসংখ্যার স্থানান্তর population relocation 183 Two sides দুই পক্ষ opposing sides 184 National boundary জাতীয় সীমারেখা state border 185 Subcontinent উপমহাদেশ region 186 Religious community ধর্মীয় সম্প্রদায় faith community 187 Communal identity সাম্প্রদায়িক পরিচয় group identity 188 National division জাতীয় বিভাজন territorial division 189 Imposed identity চাপিয়ে দেওয়া পরিচয় enforced identity 190 Cross-border transfer সীমান্ত অতিক্রম করে স্থানান্তর transborder movement Important Verbs and Phrasal Verbs No. Verb / Phrasal Verb বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 191 Bring about ঘটানো cause 192 Bring up উত্থাপন করা raise 193 Come across হঠাৎ দেখা পাওয়া encounter 194 Come to a decision সিদ্ধান্তে আসা decide 195 Cut into ভাগ/বিভক্ত করা divide 196 Die out বিলুপ্ত হওয়া disappear 197 Find out জানতে পারা discover 198 Get into কোনো অবস্থায় পড়া enter 199 Get into fights মারামারিতে জড়িয়ে পড়া become involved in fights 200 Give up ছেড়ে দেওয়া abandon 201 Go off one’s head মানসিক ভারসাম্য হারানো go insane 202 Go on চলতে থাকা continue 203 Go through অভিজ্ঞতার মধ্য দিয়ে যাওয়া experience 204 Hand over হস্তান্তর করা transfer 205 Keep away দূরে রাখা keep apart 206 Keep coming আসতে থাকা continue arriving 207 Keep quiet নীরব থাকা remain silent 208 Lay behind পেছনে অবস্থিত থাকা lie beyond 209 Move out বেরিয়ে যাওয়া / স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া leave 210 Move to স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া relocate 211 Pass away মারা যাওয়া die 212 Push across ঠেলে পার করা force across 213 Put on পরা wear 214 Run into হঠাৎ জড়িয়ে পড়া / প্রবেশ করা encounter 215 Set up প্রতিষ্ঠা করা establish 216 Shut up বন্ধ করে রাখা confine 217 Stand up দাঁড়িয়ে থাকা remain standing 218 Take off খুলে ফেলা remove 219 Take place সংঘটিত হওয়া occur 220 Tear off খুলে/ছিঁড়ে ফেলা rip off 221 Turn away মুখ ফিরিয়ে নেওয়া turn aside 222 Turn into রূপান্তরিত করা transform into 223 Work out পরিকল্পনা/সমাধান করা arrange / solve Important Expressions & Collocations No. Expression / Collocation বাংলা অর্থ Synonym / Equivalent 224 A couple of years কয়েক বছর a few years 225 A deep reflection গভীর চিন্তা profound thought 226 A state of shock প্রচণ্ড বিস্ময়/আঘাতের অবস্থা shocked condition 227 All of a sudden হঠাৎ suddenly 228 At the time সেই সময়ে then 229 Be unable to decide সিদ্ধান্ত নিতে অক্ষম হওয়া fail to decide 230 By the grace of God সৃষ্টিকর্তার কৃপায় through God’s mercy 231 Come to a decision সিদ্ধান্তে পৌঁছানো reach a decision 232 Deeply confused গভীরভাবে বিভ্রান্ত utterly bewildered 233 For the last fifteen years গত পনেরো বছর ধরে during the past fifteen years 234 From time to time মাঝে মাঝে occasionally 235 Give one’s opinion মতামত দেওয়া express an opinion 236 Go into a depression বিষণ্ণতায় ডুবে যাওয়া become depressed 237 Have no intention of কোনো ইচ্ছা না থাকা have no plan to 238 In charge of দায়িত্বে responsible for 239 Inquiring about সম্পর্কে জানতে চাওয়া asking about 240 Keep someone informed কাউকে অবহিত রাখা keep someone updated 241 Lose one’s balance ভারসাম্য হারানো become unsteady 242 Make an effort চেষ্টা করা attempt 243 Make arrangements ব্যবস্থা করা prepare 244 On the other hand অন্যদিকে alternatively 245 On the verge of দ্বারপ্রান্তে close to 246 Out of curiosity কৌতূহলবশত inquisitively 247 Pay attention to মনোযোগ দেওয়া heed 248 Put into practice বাস্তবায়ন করা implement 249 Reach a conclusion সিদ্ধান্তে পৌঁছানো conclude 250 Remain undisturbed অপরিবর্তিত/বিঘ্নহীন থাকা stay unaffected 251 Run the risk ঝুঁকি নেওয়া risk 252 Stand against প্রতিরোধ করা resist 253 Take place সংঘটিত হওয়া occur 254 The entire operation পুরো কার্যক্রম whole procedure 255 The other day সেদিন / কিছুদিন আগে recently 256 To one’s surprise কারও বিস্ময়ের জন্য unexpectedly 257 Under way চলমান in progress 258 With the help of সাহায্যে aided by 259 Without a doubt নিঃসন্দেহে certainly Especially Important HSC Words Word বাংলা অর্থ Synonym Asylum আশ্রয়কেন্দ্র / মানসিক রোগীদের প্রতিষ্ঠান institution Atrophy ব্যবহারের অভাবে ক্ষয়প্রাপ্ত হওয়া deteriorate Communal সাম্প্রদায়িক sectarian Confined বন্দি / আবদ্ধ imprisoned Confusion বিভ্রান্তি disorder Depression বিষণ্ণতা despondency Devoted নিবেদিত / অনুগত dedicated Eavesdropping গোপনে কথা শোনা secretly listening Fettered শৃঙ্খলিত / বাঁধা chained Forthcoming আসন্ন upcoming Gibberish অর্থহীন অসংলগ্ন কথা nonsense Inmate বন্দি / আশ্রমবাসী confined person Limbo অনিশ্চিত অবস্থা uncertainty Lunatic উন্মাদ ব্যক্তি mad person Migrate দেশান্তরিত হওয়া relocate Murmur বিড়বিড়/অস্পষ্টভাবে বলা mutter No-man’s-land দুই দেশের মধ্যবর্তী নিরপেক্ষ এলাকা neutral zone Overpowered শক্তিতে পরাস্ত subdued Pell-mell এলোমেলোভাবে chaotically Profound গভীর / অত্যন্ত তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ deep Prosperous সমৃদ্ধশালী wealthy Preoccupied গভীরভাবে ব্যস্ত absorbed Rigmarole জটিল ও বিভ্রান্তিকর প্রক্রিয়া complicated procedure Restless অস্থির uneasy Solemnly গম্ভীরভাবে seriously Subsist কোনোমতে জীবনধারণ করা survive Vantage point সুবিধাজনক অবস্থান/দৃষ্টিকোণ viewpoint Vanish অদৃশ্য হয়ে যাওয়া disappear Most Important Expressions to Learn Communal trouble — সাম্প্রদায়িক অশান্তিExchange arrangements — বিনিময়ের ব্যবস্থাHeated discussion — উত্তপ্ত আলোচনাIn a state of shock — প্রচণ্ড আঘাত/বিস্ময়ের অবস্থায়Go off one’s head — মানসিক ভারসাম্য হারানোBe in limbo — অনিশ্চিত অবস্থায় থাকাBe preoccupied with — কোনো বিষয়ে গভীরভাবে ব্যস্ত থাকাHave no intention of — কোনো ইচ্ছা না থাকাMake arrangements — ব্যবস্থা করাNo-man’s-land — দুই দেশের মধ্যবর্তী নিরপেক্ষ এলাকাOn the verge of — দ্বারপ্রান্তেPell-mell — এলোমেলোভাবেTake place — সংঘটিত হওয়াUnder way — চলমানVantage point — সুবিধাজনক দৃষ্টিকোণWithout a word — কোনো কথা না বলেCross-border transfer — সীমান্ত অতিক্রম করে স্থানান্তরImposed national identity — চাপিয়ে দেওয়া জাতীয় পরিচয়Communal conflict — সাম্প্রদায়িক সংঘাতDividing line — বিভাজনরেখাNational boundary — জাতীয় সীমারেখা Toba Tek Singh — Summary English Summary Saadat Hasan Manto’s Toba Tek Singh is a powerful story about the human cost of the Partition of India in 1947. A few years after Partition, the governments of India and Pakistan decide to exchange the inmates of mental asylums according to their religious identities. Muslim inmates in India are to be sent to Pakistan, while Hindu and Sikh inmates in Pakistan are to be sent to India. However, the inmates are confused because many of them do not understand the meaning of the new political borders or even know which country their homes now belong to. In the Lahore asylum, the news of the exchange creates confusion and heated discussions among the inmates. Some try to understand whether India or Pakistan is the better country, while others have no idea where the two countries are located. Their conversations show how ordinary people have been affected by political decisions that they neither understand nor control. The central character, Bishen Singh, is a Sikh inmate who has been in the asylum for about fifteen years. Everyone calls him “Toba Tek Singh,” after his hometown. He repeatedly asks where Toba Tek Singh is located. Different people give him different answers, and he becomes increasingly confused. His concern is not really about political identity; he simply wants to know where his home is. Fazal Din, a Muslim man who knows Bishen Singh’s family, later visits him and tells him that his family is safe and that they have moved to India. Bishen Singh struggles to understand this information. His emotional attachment to his homeland becomes stronger as the exchange approaches. Finally, the inmates are taken to the border for the exchange. Bishen Singh refuses to move to either India or Pakistan because he cannot accept that his homeland has suddenly become part of another country. The officials try to make him cross the dividing line, but he refuses. Eventually, he remains standing in the no-man’s-land between the two countries. Just before sunrise, he collapses and dies there. The ending is deeply symbolic. Bishen Singh’s death in no-man’s-land suggests that Partition has left many people without a clear sense of belonging. His hometown, identity, memories, and homeland cannot simply be divided by political boundaries. Through Bishen Singh and the other inmates, Manto shows the absurdity, confusion, and human suffering created by Partition. বাংলা অনুবাদ — সারাংশ সাদাত হাসান মান্টোর Toba Tek Singh গল্পটি ১৯৪৭ সালের ভারত বিভাজনের মানবিক মূল্য ও এর ফলে সৃষ্ট গভীর বিভ্রান্তির একটি শক্তিশালী চিত্র তুলে ধরে। দেশভাগের কয়েক বছর পর ভারত ও পাকিস্তান সরকার ধর্মীয় পরিচয়ের ভিত্তিতে দুই দেশের মানসিক হাসপাতালের বন্দিদের বিনিময় করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেয়। ভারতের মুসলিম বন্দিদের পাকিস্তানে এবং পাকিস্তানের হিন্দু ও শিখ বন্দিদের ভারতে পাঠানোর পরিকল্পনা করা হয়। কিন্তু বন্দিরা এই সিদ্ধান্তে বিভ্রান্ত হয়ে পড়ে, কারণ নতুন রাজনৈতিক সীমারেখার অর্থ তারা বুঝতে পারে না। এমনকি তাদের অনেকেই জানে না, তাদের নিজের বাড়ি এখন কোন দেশের অন্তর্ভুক্ত। লাহোরের মানসিক হাসপাতালে বন্দিদের মধ্যে এই বিনিময়ের খবর নিয়ে ব্যাপক বিভ্রান্তি ও উত্তপ্ত আলোচনা শুরু হয়। কেউ ভারত ও পাকিস্তানের অবস্থান ও পার্থক্য বোঝার চেষ্টা করে, আবার কেউ জানেই না দেশ দুটি কোথায় অবস্থিত। তাদের কথাবার্তার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায় যে, সাধারণ মানুষ এমন রাজনৈতিক সিদ্ধান্তের শিকার হয়েছে, যা তারা নিজেরা বুঝতে বা নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারে না। গল্পের কেন্দ্রীয় চরিত্র বিষেণ সিং একজন শিখ বন্দি, যিনি প্রায় পনেরো বছর ধরে ওই হাসপাতালে আছেন। তার নিজের শহরের নাম টোবা টেক সিং হওয়ায় সবাই তাকে সেই নামেই ডাকে। তিনি বারবার জানতে চান, টোবা টেক সিং কোথায় অবস্থিত। কিন্তু বিভিন্ন মানুষ তাকে বিভিন্ন উত্তর দেয়। ফলে তার বিভ্রান্তি আরও বাড়তে থাকে। তার মূল চিন্তা আসলে রাজনৈতিক পরিচয় নয়; তিনি শুধু জানতে চান, তার নিজের বাড়ি কোথায়। পরবর্তীতে বিষেণ সিংয়ের পরিবারের পরিচিত একজন মুসলিম ব্যক্তি ফজল দীন তার সঙ্গে দেখা করতে আসে। সে বিষেণ সিংকে জানায় যে তার পরিবার নিরাপদে আছে এবং তারা ভারতে চলে গেছে। বিষেণ সিং এই তথ্য সহজে বুঝতে পারে না। দেশভাগের ফলে তার নিজের দেশ ও বাড়ির পরিচয় বদলে যাওয়ার বিষয়টি তার কাছে আরও বেদনাদায়ক হয়ে ওঠে। শেষ পর্যন্ত বন্দিদের সীমান্তে নিয়ে যাওয়া হয়। বিষেণ সিং ভারত বা পাকিস্তান—কোনো দিকেই যেতে রাজি হয় না, কারণ সে মেনে নিতে পারে না যে তার নিজের জন্মভূমি হঠাৎ করে অন্য একটি দেশের অংশ হয়ে গেছে। কর্মকর্তারা তাকে সীমান্ত পার করানোর চেষ্টা করলেও সে অস্বীকার করে। শেষ পর্যন্ত সে দুই দেশের মাঝের no-man’s-land-এ দাঁড়িয়ে থাকে। সূর্য ওঠার ঠিক আগে সে সেখানে মাটিতে পড়ে যায় এবং মারা যায়। গল্পটির সমাপ্তি অত্যন্ত প্রতীকী। দুই দেশের মাঝের no-man’s-land-এ বিষেণ সিংয়ের মৃত্যু বোঝায় যে দেশভাগ অনেক মানুষকে নিজের পরিচয় ও আপন ভূমি সম্পর্কে অনিশ্চয়তার মধ্যে ফেলে দিয়েছিল। রাজনৈতিক সীমারেখা টেনে মানুষের স্মৃতি, ভালোবাসা, জন্মভূমি ও পরিচয়কে সহজে ভাগ করা যায় না। বিষেণ সিং ও অন্যান্য বন্দির মাধ্যমে মান্টো দেশভাগের অযৌক্তিকতা, বিভ্রান্তি এবং মানবিক দুর্ভোগ তুলে ধরেছেন। Theme of the Story English Theme The main theme of Toba Tek Singh is the absurdity and human suffering caused by the Partition of India. Manto presents Partition not through political leaders or official speeches, but through the confused inmates of a mental asylum. This makes the political situation appear even more absurd because the supposedly “mad” people often seem more confused about the new borders than the authorities themselves. Another important theme is the conflict between political identity and personal identity. The governments classify people as Indian or Pakistani according to religion, but Bishen Singh’s identity is connected to his home, memories, family, and birthplace. He cannot understand why a political decision should determine where he belongs. The story also explores displacement and loss of homeland. For Bishen Singh, Toba Tek Singh is not simply a place on a map. It represents his home and his sense of belonging. When he is unable to discover which country it belongs to, he loses the certainty of where he belongs. A further theme is the failure of communication. The inmates repeatedly ask questions but receive unclear, contradictory, or meaningless answers. This reflects the wider confusion surrounding Partition and the inability of ordinary people to understand the political changes imposed upon them. Finally, the story presents resistance against imposed identities and artificial boundaries. Bishen Singh’s refusal to move to either India or Pakistan can be understood as a symbolic rejection of a political system that forces a new identity upon him. His final position in no-man’s-land represents the tragic condition of people who found themselves caught between two newly created nations. Overall, Manto uses irony, satire, symbolism, and the setting of a mental asylum to show that the political division of a country can create a world in which the boundaries between sanity and madness, belonging and displacement, and identity and confusion become difficult to distinguish. বাংলা অনুবাদ — মূলভাব / Theme Toba Tek Singh গল্পের প্রধান মূলভাব হলো ভারত বিভাজনের অযৌক্তিকতা এবং এর ফলে সৃষ্ট মানবিক দুর্ভোগ। মান্টো রাজনৈতিক নেতা বা সরকারি বক্তৃতার মাধ্যমে দেশভাগকে তুলে ধরেননি; বরং একটি মানসিক হাসপাতালের বিভ্রান্ত বন্দিদের চোখ দিয়ে ঘটনাটিকে দেখিয়েছেন। এর ফলে পরিস্থিতির অযৌক্তিকতা আরও স্পষ্ট হয়ে ওঠে। কারণ, যাদের “পাগল” বলা হচ্ছে, তারাই অনেক সময় নতুন দেশ ও সীমান্ত সম্পর্কে কর্তৃপক্ষের চেয়ে বেশি বিভ্রান্ত। গল্পের আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো রাজনৈতিক পরিচয় ও ব্যক্তিগত পরিচয়ের সংঘাত। সরকার ধর্মের ভিত্তিতে মানুষকে ভারতীয় বা পাকিস্তানি হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করতে চায়। কিন্তু বিষেণ সিংয়ের পরিচয় তার বাড়ি, স্মৃতি, পরিবার এবং জন্মভূমির সঙ্গে যুক্ত। সে বুঝতে পারে না, কেন একটি রাজনৈতিক সিদ্ধান্ত তার নিজের পরিচয় ও অবস্থান নির্ধারণ করবে। আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মূলভাব হলো বাস্তুচ্যুতি এবং জন্মভূমি হারানোর বেদনা। বিষেণ সিংয়ের কাছে টোবা টেক সিং শুধু মানচিত্রের একটি স্থান নয়; এটি তার বাড়ি এবং আপন পরিচয়ের প্রতীক। কিন্তু সেটি কোন দেশের অংশ, তা সে জানতে পারে না। ফলে সে নিজের অস্তিত্ব ও কোথায় তার স্থান—এই মৌলিক প্রশ্নের উত্তরও খুঁজে পায় না। গল্পে যোগাযোগের ব্যর্থতাও একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়। বন্দিরা বারবার প্রশ্ন করে, কিন্তু তারা অস্পষ্ট, পরস্পরবিরোধী অথবা অর্থহীন উত্তর পায়। এটি দেশভাগের সময় সাধারণ মানুষের মধ্যে সৃষ্টি হওয়া বৃহত্তর বিভ্রান্তি এবং রাজনৈতিক পরিবর্তন সম্পর্কে তাদের অজ্ঞতাকে প্রতিফলিত করে। সবশেষে, গল্পটি জোর করে চাপিয়ে দেওয়া পরিচয় ও কৃত্রিম সীমারেখার বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিরোধের বিষয়টিও তুলে ধরে। বিষেণ সিং ভারত বা পাকিস্তান—কোনো দেশেই যেতে রাজি না হওয়াকে এমন একটি রাজনৈতিক ব্যবস্থার প্রতীকী প্রত্যাখ্যান হিসেবে দেখা যায়, যা তার ওপর একটি নতুন পরিচয় চাপিয়ে দিতে চায়। দুই দেশের মাঝখানের no-man’s-land-এ তার অবস্থান এমন মানুষের করুণ অবস্থার প্রতীক, যারা দুটি নতুন দেশের মাঝখানে নিজেদের পরিচয় ও আপন স্থান হারিয়ে ফেলেছিল। সামগ্রিকভাবে, মান্টো ব্যঙ্গ, প্রতীক, বিদ্রূপ ও মানসিক হাসপাতালের পটভূমি ব্যবহার করে দেখিয়েছেন যে একটি দেশকে রাজনৈতিকভাবে ভাগ করা হলেও মানুষের স্মৃতি, আবেগ, জন্মভূমি ও পরিচয়কে এত সহজে ভাগ করা যায় না। গল্পটি দেশভাগের ফলে সৃষ্ট বিভ্রান্তি, বাস্তুচ্যুতি এবং মানবিক বেদনার একটি শক্তিশালী প্রতিচ্ছবি।

Thank You, Ma’am Langston Hughes She was a large woman with a large purse that had everything in it but hammer and nails. It had a long strap, and she carried it slung across her shoulder. It was about eleven o’clock at night, and she was walking alone, when a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch her purse. The strap broke with the single tug the boy gave it from behind. But the boy’s weight and the weight of the purse combined caused him to lose his balance so, instead of taking off full blast as he had hoped, the boy fell on his back on the sidewalk, and his legs flew up. The large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. Then she reached down, picked the boy up by his shirt front, and shook him until his teeth rattled. After that the woman said, “Pick up my pocketbook, boy, and give it here.” She still held him. But she bent down enough to permit him to stoop and pick up her purse. Then she said, “Now ain’t you ashamed of yourself?” Firmly gripped by his shirt front, the boy said, “Yes’m.” The woman said, “What did you want to do it for?” The boy said, “I didn’t aim to.” She said, “You a lie!” By that time two or three people passed, stopped, turned to look, and some stood watching. “If I turn you loose, will you run?” asked the woman. “Yes’m,” said the boy. “Then I won’t turn you loose,” said the woman. She did not release him. “I’m very sorry, lady, I’m sorry,” whispered the boy. “Um-hum! And your face is dirty. I got a great mind to wash your face for you. Ain’t you got nobody home to tell you to wash your face?” “No’m,” said the boy. “Then it will get washed this evening,” said the large woman starting up the street, dragging the frightened boy behind her. ল্যাংস্টন হিউজ থ্যাঙ্ক ইউ, ম্যাম (ধন্যবাদ, ম্যাম) তিনি ছিলেন প্রকাণ্ড চেহারার এক নারী, আর তাঁর সাথে ছিল একটি বিশাল পার্স—যাতে হাতুড়ি আর পেরেক ছাড়া বাকি সবই ছিল। সেটিতে একটি লম্বা ফিতে ছিল, এবং তিনি তা কাঁধে ঝুলিয়ে নিয়ে যাচ্ছিলেন। রাত তখন প্রায় এগারোটা, তিনি একাই হেঁটে যাচ্ছিলেন, এমন সময় পেছন থেকে একটি ছেলে দৌড়ে এসে তাঁর পার্সটি ছিনিয়ে নেওয়ার চেষ্টা করল। পেছন থেকে ছেলেটির দেওয়া মাত্র একটি হ্যাঁচকা টানেই ফিতেটি ছিঁড়ে গেল। কিন্তু ছেলেটির নিজস্ব ওজন আর পার্সের ওজনের যৌথ চাপে সে ভারসাম্য হারিয়ে ফেলল; ফলে সে যেমনটা ভেবেছিল যে এক দৌড়ে চম্পট দেবে, তা না হয়ে ফুটপাতে চিত হয়ে আছাড় খেল এবং তার পা দুটি শূন্যে উঠে গেল। বিশালাকৃতির নারীটি স্রেফ ঘুরে দাঁড়ালেন এবং ছেলেটির নীল জিন্স পরা পাছায় সজোরে এক লাথি মারলেন। তারপর তিনি হাত বাড়িয়ে ছেলেটির শার্টের সামনের অংশ ধরে তাকে তুলে ধরলেন এবং এমনভাবে ঝাঁকালেন যে তার দাঁত নড়ে উঠল। এর পর মহিলাটি বললেন, “আমার পার্সটা তোল, ছোকরা, আর আমার কাছে দাও।” তিনি তখনও তাকে ধরে রেখেছিলেন। তবে ছেলেটি যেন ঝুঁকে ব্যাগটি তুলে নিতে পারে, সে জন্য তিনি নিজেও খানিকটা নিচু হলেন। তারপর তিনি বললেন, “এখন কি তোমার নিজের ওপর লজ্জা হচ্ছে না?” শার্টের কলার শক্ত করে ধরা অবস্থায় ছেলেটি বলল, “জ্বী, ম্যাম।” মহিলাটি বললেন, “তুমি কেন এমনটা করতে গেলে?” ছেলেটি বলল, “আমার এমন কোনো ইচ্ছা ছিল না।” তিনি বললেন, “তুমি একদম মিথ্যা বলছ!” ততক্ষণে দুই-তিনজন লোক পাশ দিয়ে হেঁটে যাওয়ার সময় থামল, ফিরে তাকাল এবং কয়েকজন দাঁড়িয়ে দেখতে লাগল। “আমি যদি তোমাকে ছেড়ে দিই, তবে কি তুমি দৌড়ে পালাবে?” মহিলাটি জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন। “জ্বী, ম্যাম,” ছেলেটি বলল। “তাহলে আমি তোমাকে ছাড়ছি না,” মহিলাটি বললেন। তিনি তাকে ছাড়লেন না। “আমি খুবই দুঃখিত, ম্যাডাম, আমাকে ক্ষমা করবেন,” ছেলেটি ফিসফিস করে বলল। “হুম! আর তোমার মুখটাও ময়লা। আমার খুব ইচ্ছে করছে তোমার মুখটা ধুইয়ে দিই। তোমার ঘরে কি এমন কেউ নেই যে তোমাকে মুখ ধুতে বলবে?” “না, ম্যাম,” ছেলেটি বলল। “তাহলে আজ সন্ধ্যায়ই তা ধোয়া হবে,” বিশালাকৃতির নারীটি রাস্তা ধরে এগোতে এগোতে বললেন, আর আতঙ্কিত ছেলেটিকে তাঁর পেছনে টেনে-হিঁচড়ে নিয়ে চললেন। He looked as if he were fourteen or fifteen, frail and willow-wild, in tennis shoes and blue jeans. The woman said, “You ought to be my son. I would teach you right from wrong. Least I can do right now is to wash your face. Are you hungry?” “No’m,” said the being dragged boy. “I just want you to turn me loose.” “Was I bothering you when I turned that comer?” asked the woman. “No’m.” “But you put yourself in contact with me,” said the woman. “If you think that that contact is not going to last awhile, you got another though coming. When I get through with you, sir, you are going to remember Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones.” Sweat popped out on the boy’s face and he began to struggle. Mrs. Jones stopped, jerked him around in front of her, put a half-nelson about his neck, and continued to drag him up the street. When she got to her door, she dragged the boy inside, down a hall, and into a large kitchenette-furnished room at the rear of the house. She switched on the light and left the door open. The boy could hear other roomers laughing and talking in the large house. Some of their doors were open, too, so he knew he and the woman were not alone. The woman still had him by the neck in the middle of her room. She said, “What is your name?” “Roger,” answered the boy. “Then, Roger, you go to that sink and wash your face,” said the woman, whereupon she turned him loose—at last. Roger looked at the door—looked at the woman—looked at the door— and went to the sink. Let the water run until it gets warm,” she said. “Here’s a clean towel.” “You gonna take me to jail?” asked the boy, bending over the sink. “Not with that face, I would not take you nowhere,” said the woman. “Here I am trying to get home to cook me a bite to eat and you snatch my pocketbook! Maybe, you ain’t been to your supper either, late as it be. Have you?” “There’s nobody home at my house,” said the boy. “Then we’ll eat,” said the woman, “I believe you’re hungry—or been hungry—to try to snatch my pocketbook.” “I wanted a pair of blue suede shoes,” said the boy. “Well, you didn’t have to snatch my pocketbook to get some suede shoes,” said Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones. “You could of asked me.” “M’am?” The water dripping from his face, the boy looked at her. There was a long pause. A very long pause. After he had dried his face and not knowing what else to do dried it again, the boy turned around, wondering what next. The door was open. He could make a dash for it down the hall. He could run, run, run, run, run! The woman was sitting on the day-bed. তাকে দেখে মনে হচ্ছিল তার বয়স চোদ্দো কি পনেরো, রুগ্ন এবং উইলো ডালের মতো ছিপছিপে ও বন্য, পায়ে টেনিস জুতো আর পরনে নীল জিন্স। মহিলাটি বললেন, “তোমার আমার ছেলে হওয়া উচিত ছিল। আমি তোমাকে ঠিক আর ভুলের পার্থক্য শিখিয়ে দিতাম। এই মুহূর্তে অন্ততপক্ষে আমি যা করতে পারি তা হলো তোমার মুখটা ধুইয়ে দেওয়া। তুমি কি ক্ষুধার্ত?” “না, ম্যাম,” হিঁচড়ে টেনে নিয়ে যাওয়া ছেলেটি বলল। “আমি শুধু চাই আপনি আমাকে ছেড়ে দিন।” “আমি যখন ওই মোড়টা ঘুরলাম, তখন কি আমি তোমাকে বিরক্ত করছিলাম?” মহিলাটি জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন। “না, ম্যাম।” “কিন্তু তুমি নিজেই আমার সংস্পর্শে এসেছ,” মহিলাটি বললেন। “তুমি যদি ভেবে থাকো যে এই সংস্পর্শ কিছুক্ষণ স্থায়ী হতে যাচ্ছে না, তবে তুমি সম্পূর্ণ ভুল ভাবছ। যখন আমি তোমার সাথে বোঝাপড়া শেষ করব, জনাব, তুমি মিসেস লুয়েলা বেটস ওয়াশিংটন জোনসকে মনে রাখবে।” ছেলেটির মুখে ঘাম ফুটে উঠল এবং সে ধস্তাধস্তি করতে শুরু করল। মিসেস জোনস থামলেন, তাকে এক হ্যাঁচকায় ঘুরিয়ে নিজের সামনে নিয়ে এলেন, তার ঘাড়ে একটি হাফ-নেলসন (কুস্তির) প্যাঁচ কষলেন এবং রাস্তা ধরে তাকে টেনে নিয়ে চলতে থাকলেন। নিজের দরজার কাছে পৌঁছে, তিনি ছেলেটিকে টেনে ভেতরে নিয়ে গেলেন, একটি হলঘর পেরিয়ে বাড়ির পেছনের দিকের একটি বড়, ছোট-রান্নাঘর সমেত সাজানো কামরায় প্রবেশ করলেন। তিনি আলো জ্বাললেন এবং দরজাটি খোলাই রেখে দিলেন। ছেলেটি সেই বড় বাড়িটিতে অন্যান্য আবাসিকদের হাসাহাসি ও কথা বলার শব্দ শুনতে পাচ্ছিল। তাদেরও কয়েকজনের দরজা খোলা ছিল, তাই সে বুঝতে পারল যে সে এবং মহিলাটি সেখানে একা নয়। মহিলাটি তখনো ঘরের মাঝখানে তার ঘাড় ধরে রেখেছিলেন। তিনি বললেন, “তোমার নাম কী?” “রজার,” ছেলেটি উত্তর দিল। “তাহলে, রজার, তুমি ওই সিঙ্কের কাছে যাও এবং তোমার মুখ ধুয়ে নাও,” মহিলাটি বললেন, এরপর অবশেষে তিনি তাকে ছেড়ে দিলেন। রজার দরজার দিকে তাকাল—মহিলাটির দিকে তাকাল—দরজার দিকে তাকাল—এবং সিঙ্কের কাছে গেল। “পানি গরম না হওয়া পর্যন্ত কল ছেড়ে রাখো,” তিনি বললেন। “এই নাও একটি পরিষ্কার তোয়ালে।” “আপনি কি আমাকে জেলে নিয়ে যাবেন?” সিঙ্কের ওপর ঝুঁকে পড়ে ছেলেটি জিজ্ঞাসা করল। “ওই মুখ নিয়ে, আমি তোমাকে কোথাও নিয়ে যাব না,” মহিলাটি বললেন। “এখানে আমি বাড়ি ফিরে নিজের জন্য একটু কিছু রেঁধে খাওয়ার চেষ্টা করছি আর তুমি কি না আমার পকেটবুক ছিনতাই করতে এলে! এত রাত হওয়া সত্ত্বেও সম্ভবত তুমিও তোমার রাতের খাবার খাওনি। খেয়েছ কি?” “আমার বাড়িতে কেউ নেই,” ছেলেটি বলল। “তাহলে আমরা খাব,” মহিলাটি বললেন, “আমার বিশ্বাস তুমি ক্ষুধার্ত—অথবা ক্ষুধার্ত ছিলে বলেই—আমার পকেটবুক ছিনিয়ে নেওয়ার চেষ্টা করেছ।” “আমি এক জোড়া নীল সোয়েড চামড়ার জুতো চাচ্ছিলাম,” ছেলেটি বলল। “বেশ তো, কয়েক জোড়া সোয়েড জুতো পাওয়ার জন্য তোমার আমার পকেটবুক ছিনিয়ে নেওয়ার কোনো দরকার ছিল না,” মিসেস লুয়েলা বেটস ওয়াশিংটন জোনস বললেন। “তুমি আমাকে বললেও পারতে।” “ম্যাম?” মুখ থেকে পানি ঝরা অবস্থায়, ছেলেটি তাঁর দিকে তাকাল। সেখানে দীর্ঘক্ষণ নীরবতা বিরাজ করল। অতি দীর্ঘ এক নীরবতা। নিজের মুখ মোছার পর আর কী করবে বুঝতে না পেরে সে আবার তা মুছল, এরপর ছেলেটি ঘুরে দাঁড়াল, ভাবল এরপর কী হবে। দরজাটি খোলা ছিল। সে এক ছুটে হলঘর পেরিয়ে বেরিয়ে যেতে পারত। সে দৌড়াতে পারত, দৌড়াতে, দৌড়াতে, দৌড়াতে, দৌড়াতে পারত! মহিলাটি তখন ডে-বেডের (শয্যাসনের) ওপর বসে ছিলেন। After a while she said, “I were young once and I wanted things I could not get.” There was another long pause. The boy’s mouth opened. Then he frowned, but not knowing he frowned. The woman said, “Um-hum! You thought I was going to say but, didn’t you? You thought I was going to say, but I didn’t snatch people’s pocketbooks. Well, I wasn’t going to say that.” Pause. Silence. “I have done things, too, which I would not tell you, son—neither tell God, if he didn’t already know. So you set down while I fix us something to eat. You might run that comb through your hair so you will look presentable.” In another comer of the room behind a screen was a gas plate and an icebox. Mrs. Jones got up and went behind the screen. The woman did not watch the boy to see if he was going to run now, nor did she watch her purse which she left behind her on the day-bed. But the boy took care to sit on the far side of the room where he thought she could easily see him out of the comer other eye, if she wanted to. He did not trust the woman not to trust him. And he did not want to be mistrusted now. “Do you need somebody to go to the store,” asked the boy, “maybe to get some milk or something?” “Don’t believe I do,” said the woman, “unless you just want sweet milk yourself. I was going to make cocoa out of this canned milk I got here.” “That will be fine,” said the boy. She heated some lima beans and ham she had in the icebox, made the cocoa, and set the table. The woman did not ask the boy anything about where he lived, or his folks, or anything else that would embarrass him. Instead, as they ate, she told him about her job in a hotel beauty shop that stayed open late, what the work was like, and how all kinds of women came in and out, blondes, red-heads, and Spanish. Then she cut him a half of her ten-cent cake. “Eat some more, son,” she said. When they were finished eating she got up and said, “Now, here, take this ten dollars and buy yourself some blue suede shoes. And next time, do not make the mistake of latching onto my pocketbook nor nobody else’s—because shoes come by devilish like that will bum your feet. I got to get my rest now. But I wish you would behave yourself, son, from here on in.” She led him down the hall to the front door and opened it. “Goodnight!” Behave yourself, boy!” she said, looking out into the street. The boy wanted to say something else other that “Thank you, ma’am” to Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones, but he couldn’t do so as he turned at the barren stoop and looked back at the large woman in the door. He barely managed to say “Thank you” before she shut the door. And he never saw her again. (1958) কিছুক্ষণ পর তিনি বললেন, “একসময় আমিও তরুণী ছিলাম এবং আমি এমন সব জিনিস চেয়েছিলাম যা আমি পেতাম না।” আবার এক দীর্ঘ নীরবতা নেমে এল। ছেলেটির মুখ খুলে গেল। তারপর সে ভ্রু কুঁচকাল, তবে সে নিজেই জানল না যে সে ভ্রু কুঁচকেছে। মহিলাটি বললেন, “হুম-হুম! তুমি ভেবেছিলে আমি ‘কিন্তু’ বলব, তাই না? তুমি ভেবেছিলে আমি বলব, কিন্তু আমি মানুষের পকেটবুক ছিনিয়ে নিতাম না। বেশ, আমি সে কথা বলতে যাচ্ছিলাম না।” বিরতি। নীরবতা। “আমিও এমন সব কাজ করেছি, যা আমি তোমাকে বলব না, বাছা—এমনকি ঈশ্বরকেও বলতাম না, যদি তিনি আগে থেকেই তা না জানতেন। কাজেই তুমি বোসো, এদিকে আমি আমাদের খাওয়ার জন্য কিছুর ব্যবস্থা করি। তুমি ওই চিরুনিটা তোমার চুলে চালিয়ে নিতে পারো যাতে তোমাকে পরিপাটি দেখায়।” ঘরের অন্য এক কোণে একটি পর্দার আড়ালে ছিল একটি গ্যাস-প্লেট এবং একটি আইসবক্স। মিসেস জোনস উঠে দাঁড়ালেন এবং পর্দার পেছনে গেলেন। ছেলেটি এখন দৌড়ে পালাবে কি না তা দেখার জন্য মহিলাটি তার দিকে নজর রাখলেন না, আর তিনি তাঁর পার্সটির দিকেও লক্ষ্য রাখলেন না যেটি তিনি তাঁর পেছনে ডে-বেডের ওপর ফেলে রেখে এসেছিলেন। কিন্তু ছেলেটি সতর্কতার সাথে ঘরের দূরবর্তী এক প্রান্তে বসল যেখানে সে ভাবল যে মহিলাটি চাইলে তাঁর চোখের কোণ দিয়ে সহজেই তাকে দেখতে পাবেন। মহিলাটি তাকে অবিশ্বাস করবেন না—এইটুকু ভরসা ছেলেটির নিজেরই ছিল না। আর এখন সে আর অবিশ্বাসের পাত্র হতে চাইল না। “দোকানে যাওয়ার জন্য আপনার কি কাউকে লাগবে,” ছেলেটি জিজ্ঞাসা করল, “হয়তো একটু দুধ বা অন্য কিছু আনার জন্য?” “আমার মনে হয় না লাগবে,” মহিলাটি বললেন, “যদি না তুমি নিজেই মিষ্টি দুধ খেতে চাও। আমার কাছে এখানে যে টিনজাত দুধ আছে তা দিয়েই আমি কোকো বানাতে যাচ্ছিলাম।” “ওটাই ঠিক হবে,” ছেলেটি বলল। আইসবক্সে রাখা কিছু লিমা বিনস এবং হ্যাম তিনি গরম করলেন, কোকো বানালেন এবং টেবিল গুছিয়ে দিলেন। মহিলাটি ছেলেটিকে সে কোথায় থাকে, বা তার পরিবার-পরিজন সম্পর্কে, অথবা এমন অন্য কোনো বিষয়ে কিছুই জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন না যা তাকে বিব্রত করতে পারে। তার বদলে, খাওয়ার সময় তিনি তাকে একটি হোটেলের বিউটি শপে তাঁর কাজের কথা শোনালেন যেটি অনেক রাত পর্যন্ত খোলা থাকে, কাজটি কেমন, এবং কীভাবে সেখানে সব ধরনের নারীদের আসা-যাওয়া চলে—স্বর্ণকেশী, লাল-চুলো এবং স্প্যানিশ নারীদের। তারপর তিনি তাঁর দশ-সেন্ট দামের কেকটির অর্ধেক কেটে তাকে দিলেন। “আরও একটু খাও, বাছা,” তিনি বললেন। তাদের খাওয়া শেষ হলে তিনি উঠে দাঁড়ালেন এবং বললেন, “এখন, এই নাও, এই দশ ডলার নাও এবং নিজের জন্য এক জোড়া নীল সোয়েড জুতো কিনে নিয়ো। আর পরের বার, আমার কিংবা অন্য কারও পকেটবুক ছিনিয়ে নেওয়ার ভুল কোরো না—কারণ শয়তানির পথে আসা এমন জুতো তোমার পা পুড়িয়ে দেবে। আমাকে এখন বিশ্রাম নিতে হবে। তবে আমি আশা করি এখন থেকে তুমি নিজের আচরণ ঠিক রাখবে, বাছা।” তিনি তাকে হলঘর দিয়ে সামনের দরজা পর্যন্ত নিয়ে গেলেন এবং তা খুলে দিলেন। “শুভরাত্রি! নিজের আচরণ ঠিক রেখো, ছোকরা!” রাস্তার দিকে তাকিয়ে তিনি বললেন। ছেলেটি মিসেস লুয়েলা বেটস ওয়াশিংটন জোনসকে “ধন্যবাদ, ম্যাম” ছাড়া অন্য আরও কিছু বলতে চেয়েছিল, কিন্তু সে তা পারল না, যখন সে সেই ফাঁকা সিঁড়ির ধাপে ঘুরে দাঁড়াল এবং দরজায় দাঁড়িয়ে থাকা বিশালাকৃতির নারীটির দিকে ফিরে তাকাল। তিনি দরজাটি বন্ধ করে দেওয়ার আগে সে কোনোমতে শুধু “ধন্যবাদ” টুকু বলতে পারল। আর সে তাঁকে আর কখনোই দেখতে পায়নি। (১৯৫৮) Vocabulary Frail: Physically weak or delicate, often due to age or lack of strength. Nelson: A wrestling hold in which one arm is passed around the neck of an opponent, usually to control or restrain them. Cocoa: A beverage made from cocoa powder, usually mixed with milk and sugar, often served hot. শব্দার্থ Frail (রুগ্ন/দুর্বল): শারীরিক বা গঠনগতভাবে দুর্বল অথবা ভঙ্গুর, যা প্রায়শই বয়স বা শক্তির অভাবের কারণে হয়ে থাকে। Nelson (নেলসন): কুস্তির এমন একটি প্যাঁচ যেখানে প্রতিপক্ষকে সাধারণত নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে বা আটকে রাখতে তার ঘাড়ের চারপাশ দিয়ে এক হাত পেঁচিয়ে ধরা হয়। Cocoa (কোকো): কোকো পাউডার থেকে তৈরি একটি পানীয়, যা সাধারণত দুধ ও চিনির সাথে মেশানো হয় এবং প্রায়শই গরম অবস্থায় পরিবেশন করা হয়। Study Questions 1. Examine the theme of trust and its importance in human relationships as portrayed in the story. 2. How does Mrs. Jones’ reaction to Roger’s attempted theft challenge conventional response to crime? 3. How does the story suggest about the impact of Mrs. Jones action on Roger’s future behaviour? Thank You, Ma’am — Study Questions and Answers 1. Examine the theme of trust and its importance in human relationships as portrayed in the story. Answer Trust is one of the most important themes in Thank You, Ma’am. At first, Roger tries to steal Mrs. Jones’s purse, so she has every reason to distrust him. However, instead of treating him only as a criminal, she gives him an unexpected opportunity to change. She takes him home, gives him food, allows him to wash his face, and even leaves her purse where he can easily take it. She does not watch him constantly because she wants him to understand that she trusts him. Roger is deeply affected by this trust. He could have escaped when Mrs. Jones went behind the screen, but he chooses to stay. He becomes careful not to make her distrust him. This shows that genuine trust can encourage a person to become honest and responsible. Mrs. Jones’s kindness and confidence in Roger help him regain his self-respect and understand the value of responsible behaviour. Thus, the story shows that trust can create positive human relationships and can influence a person more effectively than fear or punishment. বাংলা অনুবাদ উত্তর:Thank You, Ma’am গল্পের অন্যতম গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো বিশ্বাস। গল্পের শুরুতে রজার মিসেস জোন্সের ব্যাগ চুরি করার চেষ্টা করে। তাই তার প্রতি অবিশ্বাস করার যথেষ্ট কারণ মিসেস জোন্সের ছিল। কিন্তু তিনি রজারকে শুধু একজন অপরাধী হিসেবে দেখেননি; বরং তাকে পরিবর্তনের একটি সুযোগ দেন। তিনি তাকে নিজের বাড়িতে নিয়ে যান, খাবার দেন, মুখ ধুতে দেন এবং এমনকি নিজের ব্যাগটিও এমন জায়গায় রেখে দেন, যেখান থেকে রজার সহজেই সেটি নিয়ে পালাতে পারত। তিনি তাকে সবসময় নজরদারিতে রাখেন না, কারণ তিনি চান রজার বুঝতে পারে যে তিনি তাকে বিশ্বাস করছেন। মিসেস জোন্সের এই বিশ্বাস রজারের ওপর গভীর প্রভাব ফেলে। মিসেস জোন্স যখন পর্দার আড়ালে যান, তখন রজার চাইলে পালিয়ে যেতে পারত; কিন্তু সে তা করে না। বরং সে এমনভাবে বসে থাকে যাতে মিসেস জোন্স তাকে বিশ্বাস করতে পারেন। এতে বোঝা যায়, সত্যিকারের বিশ্বাস একজন মানুষকে সৎ ও দায়িত্বশীল হতে উৎসাহিত করতে পারে। মিসেস জোন্সের দয়া ও বিশ্বাস রজারের আত্মসম্মান ফিরিয়ে আনতে এবং ভালো আচরণের গুরুত্ব বুঝতে সাহায্য করে। তাই গল্পটি দেখায় যে ভয় বা শাস্তির চেয়ে বিশ্বাস ও মানবিকতা অনেক সময় একজন মানুষকে পরিবর্তন করতে বেশি কার্যকর হতে পারে। 2. How does Mrs. Jones’ reaction to Roger’s attempted theft challenge conventional response to crime? Answer Mrs. Jones’s reaction to Roger’s attempted theft is very different from the usual response to crime. Instead of calling the police or simply punishing him, she takes control of the situation and tries to understand the reason behind his behaviour. She takes Roger home, makes him wash his face, gives him food and talks to him with care. She learns that he wants money to buy a pair of blue suede shoes. Mrs. Jones does not approve of his attempt to steal. She clearly tells him that he should not take other people’s belongings. However, she chooses correction, kindness and guidance instead of severe punishment. She also gives Roger ten dollars so that he can buy the shoes honestly. Her action suggests that a person who does something wrong should be given an opportunity to learn from the mistake and change. Through Mrs. Jones, Langston Hughes presents a more humane approach to wrongdoing. The story does not justify theft; rather, it shows that understanding, compassion and moral guidance can sometimes be more effective than punishment alone. বাংলা অনুবাদ উত্তর:রজারের চুরি করার চেষ্টার প্রতি মিসেস জোন্সের প্রতিক্রিয়া অপরাধের প্রতি প্রচলিত প্রতিক্রিয়া থেকে সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন। সাধারণত তিনি পুলিশ ডাকতে পারতেন অথবা রজারকে শুধু শাস্তি দিতে পারতেন। কিন্তু তিনি তা না করে পরিস্থিতি নিজের নিয়ন্ত্রণে নেন এবং রজার কেন এমন কাজ করেছে তা বোঝার চেষ্টা করেন। তিনি রজারকে নিজের বাড়িতে নিয়ে যান, মুখ ধুতে বলেন, তাকে খাবার দেন এবং যত্নের সঙ্গে তার সঙ্গে কথা বলেন। তিনি জানতে পারেন যে রজার একজোড়া নীল সোয়েড জুতা কেনার জন্য টাকা চেয়েছিল। মিসেস জোন্স রজারের চুরির চেষ্টাকে সমর্থন করেন না। তিনি স্পষ্টভাবে তাকে বলেন যে অন্যের জিনিস নেওয়া উচিত নয়। তবে কঠোর শাস্তির পরিবর্তে তিনি সংশোধন, দয়া ও সঠিক দিকনির্দেশনাকে বেছে নেন। এমনকি তিনি রজারকে দশ ডলার দেন, যাতে সে সৎভাবে জুতা কিনতে পারে। তার এই কাজ বোঝায় যে কেউ ভুল করলে তাকে সেই ভুল থেকে শিক্ষা নিয়ে নিজেকে পরিবর্তন করার সুযোগ দেওয়া উচিত। মিসেস জোন্সের মাধ্যমে ল্যাংস্টন হিউজ অন্যায় কাজের প্রতি আরও মানবিক দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি তুলে ধরেছেন। গল্পটি চুরিকে সমর্থন করে না; বরং দেখায় যে শুধু শাস্তি দেওয়ার চেয়ে বোঝাপড়া, সহানুভূতি ও নৈতিক দিকনির্দেশনা অনেক সময় বেশি কার্যকর হতে পারে। 3. How does the story suggest about the impact of Mrs. Jones’ action on Roger’s future behaviour? Answer The story strongly suggests that Mrs. Jones’s kindness and trust will have a lasting effect on Roger’s future behaviour. At the beginning, Roger is a frightened boy who tries to steal a purse because he wants to buy blue suede shoes. He expects punishment, but Mrs. Jones treats him with both firmness and kindness. She teaches him that stealing is wrong, but she also helps him meet his need in an honest way. The most important change can be seen when Mrs. Jones leaves her purse unattended. Roger has a clear opportunity to run away with it, but he does not. Instead, he deliberately sits where she can see him. This shows that he does not want to betray her trust. Her treatment makes him feel respected rather than simply condemned. When Mrs. Jones gives him ten dollars and tells him to behave himself, Roger wants to express much more than a simple “Thank you.” Although he cannot find the words, his response suggests that the experience has touched him deeply. The story therefore implies that Mrs. Jones’s compassion, trust and moral guidance may lead Roger towards honesty, self-respect and better behaviour in the future. বাংলা অনুবাদ উত্তর:গল্পটি জোরালোভাবে ইঙ্গিত করে যে মিসেস জোন্সের দয়া ও বিশ্বাস রজারের ভবিষ্যৎ আচরণের ওপর দীর্ঘস্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলবে। গল্পের শুরুতে রজার একজন ভীত কিশোর, যে নীল সোয়েড জুতা কেনার জন্য একটি ব্যাগ চুরি করার চেষ্টা করে। সে শাস্তি পাওয়ার আশা করেছিল। কিন্তু মিসেস জোন্স তার সঙ্গে কঠোরতার পাশাপাশি দয়া ও মানবিকতারও আচরণ করেন। তিনি তাকে শেখান যে চুরি করা ভুল, আবার তার প্রয়োজনটিও সৎভাবে পূরণ করার সুযোগ দেন। রজারের পরিবর্তন সবচেয়ে স্পষ্টভাবে দেখা যায় যখন মিসেস জোন্স তার ব্যাগটি তার নাগালের মধ্যে রেখে অন্যদিকে চলে যান। তখন রজারের সামনে ব্যাগটি নিয়ে পালিয়ে যাওয়ার সহজ সুযোগ ছিল। কিন্তু সে তা করে না। বরং সে এমন জায়গায় গিয়ে বসে, যেখান থেকে মিসেস জোন্স চাইলে তাকে দেখতে পারেন। এতে বোঝা যায় যে সে মিসেস জোন্সের বিশ্বাস ভঙ্গ করতে চায় না। তার আচরণ রজারকে শুধু অপরাধী হিসেবে নিন্দা না করে একজন সম্মানযোগ্য মানুষ হিসেবে অনুভব করতে সাহায্য করে। মিসেস জোন্স যখন তাকে দশ ডলার দিয়ে ভালোভাবে চলার পরামর্শ দেন, তখন রজার শুধু “Thank you” বলার চেয়েও বেশি কিছু বলতে চেয়েছিল। যদিও সে নিজের অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করার মতো শব্দ খুঁজে পায়নি, তার প্রতিক্রিয়া বোঝায় যে ঘটনাটি তাকে গভীরভাবে প্রভাবিত করেছে। তাই গল্পটি ইঙ্গিত করে যে মিসেস জোন্সের সহানুভূতি, বিশ্বাস ও নৈতিক দিকনির্দেশনা রজারকে ভবিষ্যতে আরও সৎ, আত্মমর্যাদাসম্পন্ন ও ভালো মানুষ হতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। Thank You, Ma’am — Summary English Summary Thank You, Ma’am by Langston Hughes is a story about kindness, trust, forgiveness and moral change. The story begins when a young boy named Roger tries to snatch the purse of Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones. However, his attempt fails, and Mrs. Jones catches him. Instead of handing him over to the police, she takes him home. At her home, Mrs. Jones asks Roger to wash his dirty face and then gives him food. She talks to him kindly and learns that he tried to steal her purse because he wanted to buy a pair of blue suede shoes. She tells him that stealing is wrong, but she does not humiliate or harshly punish him. Instead, she shares something about her own past and admits that she, too, had made mistakes in her life. Mrs. Jones then gives Roger ten dollars to buy the shoes honestly. She also advises him to behave properly in the future. Throughout the story, she treats Roger with a mixture of firmness, kindness and trust. At one point, she leaves her purse where Roger could easily take it, but he does not do so. This shows that her trust has already begun to influence him. At the end, Roger wants to say more than “Thank you” to Mrs. Jones, but he cannot find the right words. He leaves with a feeling of gratitude and a valuable lesson about honesty, trust and human kindness. The story suggests that compassion and understanding can help a person change more effectively than punishment alone. বাংলা অনুবাদ সারসংক্ষেপ: ল্যাংস্টন হিউজের Thank You, Ma’am গল্পটি দয়া, বিশ্বাস, ক্ষমা এবং নৈতিক পরিবর্তনের ওপর ভিত্তি করে রচিত। গল্পের শুরুতে রজার নামের এক কিশোর মিসেস লুয়েলা বেটস ওয়াশিংটন জোন্সের ব্যাগ ছিনিয়ে নেওয়ার চেষ্টা করে। কিন্তু তার চেষ্টা ব্যর্থ হয় এবং মিসেস জোন্স তাকে ধরে ফেলেন। তাকে পুলিশের হাতে তুলে না দিয়ে তিনি তাকে নিজের বাড়িতে নিয়ে যান। বাড়িতে মিসেস জোন্স রজারকে তার নোংরা মুখ ধুতে বলেন এবং তাকে খাবার দেন। তিনি তার সঙ্গে আন্তরিকভাবে কথা বলেন এবং জানতে পারেন যে একজোড়া নীল সোয়েড জুতা কেনার জন্য রজার তার ব্যাগ চুরি করতে চেয়েছিল। তিনি তাকে বোঝান যে চুরি করা অন্যায়, কিন্তু তাকে অপমান বা কঠোর শাস্তি দেন না। বরং তিনি নিজের অতীতের কিছু কথা বলেন এবং স্বীকার করেন যে তিনিও জীবনে কিছু ভুল করেছিলেন। এরপর মিসেস জোন্স রজারকে জুতা কেনার জন্য দশ ডলার দেন এবং ভবিষ্যতে ভালোভাবে চলার পরামর্শ দেন। পুরো গল্পে তিনি রজারের সঙ্গে কঠোরতা, দয়া ও বিশ্বাসের সমন্বয়ে আচরণ করেন। একসময় তিনি তার ব্যাগটি এমন জায়গায় রেখে দেন, যেখান থেকে রজার সহজেই সেটি নিয়ে পালাতে পারত। কিন্তু রজার তা করে না। এতে বোঝা যায় যে মিসেস জোন্সের বিশ্বাস ইতিমধ্যে তার ওপর প্রভাব ফেলতে শুরু করেছে। শেষে রজার শুধু “Thank you” বলার চেয়েও বেশি কিছু বলতে চায়, কিন্তু সে উপযুক্ত শব্দ খুঁজে পায় না। সে কৃতজ্ঞতা এবং সততা, বিশ্বাস ও মানবিকতার একটি মূল্যবান শিক্ষা নিয়ে চলে যায়। গল্পটি বোঝায় যে শুধু শাস্তি দেওয়ার চেয়ে সহানুভূতি ও বোঝাপড়া একজন মানুষকে পরিবর্তন করতে বেশি কার্যকর হতে পারে। Theme English Theme The main theme of Thank You, Ma’am is the power of kindness, trust and compassion to bring about positive change in a person. Mrs. Jones does not ignore Roger’s wrongdoing, but she chooses to guide him instead of simply punishing him. Her behaviour shows that discipline can be combined with understanding and care. Another important theme is trust and responsibility. Mrs. Jones trusts Roger even though he has tried to steal from her. When she leaves her purse unattended, Roger chooses not to take it. Her trust makes him feel responsible for his actions and encourages him to behave honestly. The story also deals with second chances and moral transformation. Roger is not presented as an evil person; he is a young boy who has made a wrong choice. Mrs. Jones gives him an opportunity to correct that mistake. Her kindness, advice and financial help make him understand that he can achieve what he wants without stealing. Thus, Langston Hughes suggests that human kindness, forgiveness, trust and proper guidance can touch a person’s heart and inspire positive change. The story presents compassion as a powerful force in human relationships. বাংলা অনুবাদ মূলভাব: Thank You, Ma’am গল্পের প্রধান বিষয় হলো দয়া, বিশ্বাস ও সহানুভূতির মাধ্যমে একজন মানুষের মধ্যে ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনা সম্ভব। মিসেস জোন্স রজারের অন্যায় কাজকে উপেক্ষা করেন না; তবে শুধু শাস্তি না দিয়ে তাকে সঠিক পথে পরিচালিত করার চেষ্টা করেন। তার আচরণ দেখায় যে শাসনের সঙ্গে বোঝাপড়া ও মমত্ববোধের সমন্বয় করা সম্ভব। গল্পটির আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হলো বিশ্বাস ও দায়িত্ববোধ। রজার তার ব্যাগ চুরি করার চেষ্টা করলেও মিসেস জোন্স তাকে বিশ্বাস করেন। যখন তিনি তার ব্যাগটি অসতর্কভাবে রেখে দেন, তখন রজার সেটি নেয় না। মিসেস জোন্সের বিশ্বাস রজারের মধ্যে নিজের কাজের প্রতি দায়িত্ববোধ সৃষ্টি করে এবং তাকে সৎ আচরণ করতে উৎসাহিত করে। গল্পটি দ্বিতীয় সুযোগ ও নৈতিক পরিবর্তনের বিষয়ও তুলে ধরে। রজারকে একজন খারাপ মানুষ হিসেবে দেখানো হয়নি; বরং সে একজন কিশোর, যে একটি ভুল সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছিল। মিসেস জোন্স তাকে সেই ভুল সংশোধনের সুযোগ দেন। তার দয়া, পরামর্শ ও আর্থিক সাহায্য রজারকে বুঝতে সাহায্য করে যে চুরি না করেও নিজের প্রয়োজন পূরণ করা সম্ভব। সুতরাং, ল্যাংস্টন হিউজ বোঝাতে চেয়েছেন যে মানবিকতা, ক্ষমা, বিশ্বাস ও সঠিক দিকনির্দেশনা একজন মানুষের হৃদয়কে স্পর্শ করে তাকে ইতিবাচকভাবে পরিবর্তিত হতে অনুপ্রাণিত করতে পারে। গল্পটি মানবিক সম্পর্কের ক্ষেত্রে সহানুভূতির শক্তিকে বিশেষভাবে তুলে ধরে। Thank You, Ma’am — Comprehensive Vocabulary List No. Word / Expression বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 1 Abandon পরিত্যাগ করা leave 2 About to করতে যাচ্ছে / করতে উদ্যত on the point of 3 Ache ব্যথা করা / কষ্ট পাওয়া hurt 4 Aim উদ্দেশ্য করা / ইচ্ছা করা intend 5 Appear মনে হওয়া / দেখা দেওয়া seem 6 Approach এগিয়ে আসা come near 7 Attempt চেষ্টা effort 8 Attempted theft চুরি করার চেষ্টা attempted robbery 9 Attend to দেখাশোনা করা / মনোযোগ দেওয়া deal with 10 Awkward অস্বস্তিকর / বিব্রতকর uncomfortable 11 Barely কষ্টেসৃষ্টে / মাত্র hardly 12 Behave আচরণ করা act 13 Behaviour আচরণ conduct 14 Barren অনুর্বর / নির্জন empty 15 Betray বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা করা deceive 16 Blue-jeaned নীল জিন্স পরিহিত wearing blue jeans 17 Blue suede shoes নীল সোয়েডের জুতা suede footwear 18 Bother বিরক্ত করা disturb 19 Break ভেঙে যাওয়া snap 20 Bring about ঘটানো cause 21 Burden বোঝা load 22 Catch ধরে ফেলা seize 23 Care যত্ন / সতর্কতা attention 24 Careful সতর্ক cautious 25 Canned milk কৌটাজাত দুধ tinned milk 26 Challenge চ্যালেঞ্জ করা / কঠিন প্রশ্নের মুখোমুখি করা confront 27 Character চরিত্র personality 28 Compassion সহানুভূতি sympathy 29 Contact সংস্পর্শ connection 30 Conventional প্রচলিত traditional 31 Corner কোণ angle 32 Correct সংশোধন করা rectify 33 Correction সংশোধন rectification 34 Crime অপরাধ offence 35 Criminal অপরাধী offender 36 Cruel নিষ্ঠুর harsh 37 Dash দ্রুত ছুটে যাওয়া rush 38 Day-bed দিনের বেলায় ব্যবহৃত বিশ্রামের খাট couch 39 Deceive প্রতারণা করা cheat 40 Deliberately ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে intentionally 41 Deserve প্রাপ্য হওয়া merit 42 Determination দৃঢ়সংকল্প resolve 43 Discipline শৃঙ্খলা / শাসন order 44 Dirty নোংরা unclean 45 Disappoint হতাশ করা let down 46 Dishonest অসৎ deceitful 47 Dignity মর্যাদা self-respect 48 Drip টপটপ করে পড়া trickle 49 Embarrass বিব্রত করা humiliate 50 Embarrassed বিব্রত uncomfortable 51 Encourage উৎসাহিত করা motivate 52 Escape পালিয়ে যাওয়া flee 53 Essential অপরিহার্য necessary 54 Expect আশা করা anticipate 55 Experience অভিজ্ঞতা encounter 56 Face মুখোমুখি হওয়া confront 57 Firmly দৃঢ়ভাবে strongly 58 Firmness দৃঢ়তা determination 59 Frail দুর্বল / ভঙ্গুর weak 60 Frightened ভীত scared 61 Full blast সর্বশক্তি দিয়ে / প্রচণ্ড গতিতে at full speed 62 Genuine প্রকৃত / আন্তরিক sincere 63 Get through শেষ করা / সম্পন্ন করা finish 64 Grab আঁকড়ে ধরা / ছিনিয়ে নেওয়া seize 65 Grip শক্ত করে ধরা grasp 66 Gripped শক্ত করে ধরা held tightly 67 Guidance দিকনির্দেশনা direction 68 Guilty অপরাধী / দোষী culpable 69 Half-nelson গলার ওপর প্রয়োগ করা এক ধরনের কুস্তির কৌশল wrestling hold 70 Harsh কঠোর severe 71 Humiliate অপমান করা disgrace 72 Hungry ক্ষুধার্ত starving 73 Humanity মানবিকতা humaneness 74 Impact প্রভাব effect 75 Influence প্রভাবিত করা affect 76 Intend ইচ্ছা করা mean 77 Justice ন্যায়বিচার fairness 78 Kindness দয়া / সদয়তা generosity 79 Kitchenette ছোট রান্নাঘর small kitchen 80 Latch onto শক্তভাবে ধরে ফেলা grab 81 Last স্থায়ী হওয়া endure 82 Lead পথ দেখানো / নিয়ে যাওয়া guide 83 Least সর্বনিম্ন minimum 84 Lesson শিক্ষা moral 85 Lie মিথ্যা বলা tell an untruth 86 Moral নৈতিক ethical 87 Morality নৈতিকতা ethics 88 Mistrust অবিশ্বাস করা distrust 89 Neglect অবহেলা করা disregard 90 Naughty দুষ্ট / অবাধ্য mischievous 91 Opportunity সুযোগ chance 92 Ordinary সাধারণ usual 93 Presentable দেখার মতো পরিপাটি neat 94 Prevent প্রতিরোধ করা stop 95 Purse হাতব্যাগ handbag 96 Punish শাস্তি দেওয়া penalize 97 Punishment শাস্তি penalty 98 Reach পৌঁছানো arrive 99 Regain পুনরায় অর্জন করা recover 100 Release ছেড়ে দেওয়া free 101 Remorse অনুশোচনা regret 102 Responsible দায়িত্বশীল accountable 103 Responsibility দায়িত্ব accountability 104 Rob ছিনতাই করা steal 105 Roomer বাড়িতে ভাড়া থাকা ব্যক্তি lodger 106 Run away পালিয়ে যাওয়া escape 107 Rattle ঝনঝন/ঠকঠক শব্দ করা clatter 108 Scold বকাঝকা করা rebuke 109 Self-respect আত্মসম্মান dignity 110 Shame লজ্জা disgrace 111 Snatch ছিনিয়ে নেওয়া grab 112 Struggle সংগ্রাম করা / ছটফট করা wrestle 113 Suede নরম চামড়ার এক ধরনের উপাদান soft leather 114 Sympathy সহানুভূতি compassion 115 Tempt প্রলুব্ধ করা entice 116 Theft চুরি stealing 117 Threat হুমকি menace 118 Tug জোরে টানা pull 119 Trust বিশ্বাস confidence 120 Unattended তত্ত্বাবধানহীন unsupervised 121 Uncomfortable অস্বস্তিকর uneasy 122 Understand বোঝা comprehend 123 Unjust অন্যায় unfair 124 Unlikely অসম্ভাব্য improbable 125 Victim শিকার sufferer 126 Weakness দুর্বলতা frailty 127 Willing ইচ্ছুক ready 128 Willow-wild খুবই পাতলা/দুর্বল গড়নের thin and frail 129 Wrongdoing অন্যায় কাজ misconduct 130 Youth তরুণ / কিশোর youngster Important Verbs and Phrasal Verbs No. Verb / Phrasal Verb বাংলা অর্থ Synonym 131 Back away পিছিয়ে যাওয়া retreat 132 Break down ভেঙে পড়া collapse 133 Break free মুক্ত হয়ে যাওয়া escape 134 Bring in নিয়ে আসা introduce 135 Carry on চালিয়ে যাওয়া continue 136 Come along সঙ্গে আসা accompany 137 Come by পাওয়া / অর্জন করা obtain 138 Come up উঠে আসা / এগিয়ে আসা approach 139 Cut কেটে দেওয়া divide 140 Cut off বিচ্ছিন্ন করা sever 141 Drag টেনে নিয়ে যাওয়া pull 142 Dry off শুকিয়ে নেওয়া dry 143 Get away পালিয়ে যাওয়া escape 144 Get through শেষ করা complete 145 Give away দিয়ে দেওয়া donate 146 Give in নতি স্বীকার করা yield 147 Give up ছেড়ে দেওয়া abandon 148 Go through অভিজ্ঞতার মধ্য দিয়ে যাওয়া experience 149 Hold on শক্ত করে ধরা grip 150 Let go ছেড়ে দেওয়া release 151 Look after যত্ন নেওয়া care for 152 Look back পেছনে তাকানো turn back 153 Look for খোঁজা search for 154 Look like দেখতে মনে হওয়া resemble 155 Make up তৈরি করা prepare 156 Pick up তুলে নেওয়া lift 157 Run off দ্রুত পালিয়ে যাওয়া flee 158 Run through চিরুনি দিয়ে আঁচড়ানো comb 159 Set down বসানো / নামিয়ে রাখা place 160 Set up স্থাপন করা establish 161 Sit down বসা take a seat 162 Stand up দাঁড়ানো rise 163 Take care সতর্ক থাকা / যত্ন নেওয়া be careful 164 Take in গ্রহণ করা / বুঝতে পারা absorb 165 Take off দ্রুত চলে যাওয়া depart 166 Take out বের করে নেওয়া remove 167 Turn around ঘুরে দাঁড়ানো turn back 168 Turn loose ছেড়ে দেওয়া release 169 Turn to কারও দিকে ফিরে তাকানো face 170 Wash off ধুয়ে পরিষ্কার করা cleanse Important Expressions & Collocations No. Expression / Collocation বাংলা অর্থ Synonym / Equivalent 171 A great mind to প্রবল ইচ্ছা strong desire 172 A pair of shoes একজোড়া জুতা two shoes 173 At last অবশেষে finally 174 At once সঙ্গে সঙ্গে immediately 175 Behave yourself ভালোভাবে আচরণ করা act properly 176 Blue suede shoes নীল সোয়েডের জুতা suede footwear 177 By mistake ভুলবশত accidentally 178 Come to think of it ভেবে দেখলে on reflection 179 Do the right thing সঠিক কাজ করা act properly 180 For a while কিছু সময়ের জন্য for some time 181 From here on in এখন থেকে from now on 182 Get one’s rest বিশ্রাম নেওয়া rest 183 Give someone a chance কাউকে সুযোগ দেওয়া provide an opportunity 184 Have a mind to ইচ্ছা থাকা intend 185 In contact with সংস্পর্শে connected with 186 In the middle of মাঝখানে amid 187 In the street রাস্তায় on the road 188 In the future ভবিষ্যতে henceforth 189 In trouble বিপদে / সমস্যায় in difficulty 190 Keep an eye on নজর রাখা watch 191 Lose one’s balance ভারসাম্য হারানো become unsteady 192 Make a dash for দ্রুত ছুটে যাওয়া rush toward 193 Make a mistake ভুল করা err 194 Make a living জীবিকা অর্জন করা earn a livelihood 195 Make up one’s mind সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া decide 196 No matter কোনো ব্যাপার নয় / পরোয়া না করা regardless 197 On the spot ঘটনাস্থলেই immediately 198 On the way পথে en route 199 Out of control নিয়ন্ত্রণের বাইরে uncontrollable 200 Pick up the purse ব্যাগটি তুলে নেওয়া lift the handbag 201 Run away পালিয়ে যাওয়া escape 202 Run the comb through one’s hair চুলে চিরুনি চালানো comb one’s hair 203 Take care of যত্ন নেওয়া look after 204 Take someone home কাউকে বাড়িতে নিয়ে যাওয়া bring someone home 205 Take someone to jail কাউকে জেলে নিয়ে যাওয়া imprison 206 Take responsibility for দায়িত্ব গ্রহণ করা assume responsibility 207 Tell the truth সত্য বলা speak honestly 208 Treat someone with kindness কারও সঙ্গে দয়ালু আচরণ করা show kindness 209 Turn someone loose কাউকে ছেড়ে দেওয়া release someone 210 Wash one’s face মুখ ধোয়া cleanse one’s face 211 With all one’s might সর্বশক্তি দিয়ে with full strength 212 Without hesitation দ্বিধা ছাড়াই readily 213 Wrong side of the law বেআইনি/অপরাধমূলক কাজের দিক unlawful conduct Particularly Important Words for HSC Word বাংলা অর্থ Synonym Compassion সহানুভূতি sympathy Conventional প্রচলিত traditional Deceive প্রতারণা করা cheat Dignity মর্যাদা honour Discipline শৃঙ্খলা order Embarrass বিব্রত করা humiliate Frail দুর্বল weak Guidance দিকনির্দেশনা direction Influence প্রভাব effect Kindness দয়া generosity Mistrust অবিশ্বাস distrust Moral নৈতিক ethical Opportunity সুযোগ chance Presentable পরিপাটি/দেখতে সুন্দর neat Regain পুনরায় অর্জন করা recover Remorse অনুশোচনা regret Responsible দায়িত্বশীল accountable Self-respect আত্মসম্মান dignity Snatch ছিনিয়ে নেওয়া grab Struggle ছটফট/সংগ্রাম করা wrestle Trust বিশ্বাস confidence Unattended তত্ত্বাবধানহীন unsupervised Wrongdoing অন্যায় কাজ misconduct Key Vocabulary for Understanding the Story Trust → বিশ্বাসCompassion → সহানুভূতিKindness → দয়াForgiveness → ক্ষমাGuidance → দিকনির্দেশনাSelf-respect → আত্মসম্মানResponsibility → দায়িত্ববোধMoral change → নৈতিক পরিবর্তনSecond chance → দ্বিতীয় সুযোগWrongdoing → অন্যায় কাজAttempted theft → চুরির চেষ্টাConventional response → প্রচলিত প্রতিক্রিয়াHuman relationship → মানবিক সম্পর্কPositive change → ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তনMoral guidance → নৈতিক দিকনির্দেশনাLasting impact → দীর্ঘস্থায়ী প্রভাব

Sultana’s Dream Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain One evening I was lounging in an easy chair in my bedroom and thinking lazily of the condition of Indian womanhood. I am not sure whether I dozed off or not. But, as far as I remember, I was wide awake. I saw the moonlit sky sparkling with thousands of diamond-like stars, very distinctly. All on a sudden a lady stood before me; how she came in, I do not know. I took her for my friend, Sister Sara. ‘Good morning,’ said Sister Sara. I smiled inwardly as I knew it was not morning, but starry night. However, I replied to her, saying, ‘How do you do?’ ‘I am all right, thank you. Will you please come out and have a look at our garden?’ I looked again at the moon through the open window, and thought there was no harm in going out at that time. The men-servants outside were fast asleep just then, and I could have a pleasant walk with Sister Sara. I used to have my walks with Sister Sara, when we were at Darjeeling. Many a time did we walk hand in hand and talk light-heartedly in the botanical gardens there. I fancied, Sister Sara had probably come to take me to some such garden and I readily accepted her offer and went out with her. When walking I found to my surprise that it was a fine morning. The town was fully awake and the streets alive with bustling crowds. I was feeling very shy, thinking I was walking in the street in broad daylight, but there was not a single man visible. Some of the passers-by made jokes at me. Though I could not understand their language, yet I felt sure they were joking. I asked my friend, ‘What do they say?’ ‘The women say that you look very mannish.’ ‘Mannish?’ said I, ‘What do they mean by that?’ ‘They mean that you are shy and timid like men.’ ‘Shy and timid like men?’ It was really a joke. I became very nervous, when I found that my companion was not Sister Sara, but a stranger. Oh, what a fool had I been to mistake this lady for my dear old friend, Sister Sara. সুলতানার স্বপ্ন রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন এক সন্ধ্যায় আমি আমার শোবার ঘরে একটি আরামকেদারায় হেলান দিয়ে বসে ভারতীয় নারীদের অবস্থা সম্পর্কে অলসভাবে ভাবছিলাম। আমি তন্দ্রাচ্ছন্ন হয়ে পড়েছিলাম কি না, তা আমি নিশ্চিত নই। তবে যতদূর আমার মনে পড়ে, আমি সম্পূর্ণ জাগ্রতই ছিলাম। আমি খুব স্পষ্টভাবে দেখলাম, চাঁদের আলোয় ভরা আকাশ হাজার হাজার হীরের মতো নক্ষত্রে ঝলমল করছিল। হঠাৎ একজন মহিলা আমার সামনে এসে দাঁড়ালেন; তিনি কীভাবে ঘরে প্রবেশ করলেন, তা আমি জানি না। আমি তাঁকে আমার বান্ধবী সিস্টার সারাহ্ বলে মনে করলাম। ‘সুপ্রভাত,’ সিস্টার সারাহ্ বললেন। আমি মনে মনে হাসলাম, কারণ আমি জানতাম তখন সকাল নয়, বরং ছিল তারাভরা রাত। তবুও আমি তাঁকে উত্তর দিয়ে বললাম, ‘কেমন আছেন?’ ‘আমি ভালো আছি, ধন্যবাদ। আপনি কি দয়া করে বাইরে এসে আমাদের বাগানটি একটু দেখে যাবেন?’ আমি খোলা জানালা দিয়ে আবার চাঁদের দিকে তাকালাম এবং ভাবলাম, এই সময় বাইরে গেলে কোনো ক্ষতি নেই। তখন বাইরের পুরুষ চাকররা গভীর ঘুমে আচ্ছন্ন ছিল, আর সিস্টার সারাহ্র সঙ্গে আমি আনন্দে কিছুক্ষণ হাঁটাহাঁটি করতে পারতাম। দার্জিলিংয়ে থাকাকালে আমি সিস্টার সারাহ্র সঙ্গে প্রায়ই হাঁটতে বের হতাম। সেখানে বোটানিক্যাল গার্ডেনে আমরা বহুবার হাত ধরাধরি করে হাঁটতাম এবং হাসি-আনন্দে নানা হালকা কথাবার্তা বলতাম। আমার মনে হলো, সিস্টার সারাহ্ সম্ভবত আমাকে তেমনই কোনো বাগানে নিয়ে যেতে এসেছেন। তাই আমি আনন্দের সঙ্গে তাঁর প্রস্তাব গ্রহণ করলাম এবং তাঁর সঙ্গে বাইরে বেরিয়ে পড়লাম। হাঁটতে হাঁটতে আমি অবাক হয়ে দেখলাম যে, সকালটি অত্যন্ত সুন্দর। শহরটি পুরোপুরি জেগে উঠেছে এবং ব্যস্ত জনসমাগমে রাস্তাগুলো সরগরম হয়ে উঠেছে। দিনের উজ্জ্বল আলোয় রাস্তায় হাঁটছি—এই কথা ভেবে আমি খুব লজ্জাবোধ করছিলাম; কিন্তু আশ্চর্যের বিষয়, সেখানে একজন পুরুষকেও দেখা গেল না। পথচারীদের মধ্যে কয়েকজন আমাকে নিয়ে রসিকতা করতে লাগল। যদিও তারা কী বলছিল, তা আমি বুঝতে পারছিলাম না, তবুও আমি নিশ্চিত ছিলাম যে তারা আমাকে নিয়ে ঠাট্টা করছে। আমি আমার বান্ধবীকে জিজ্ঞেস করলাম, ‘তারা কী বলছে?’ ‘মহিলারা বলছে, তোমাকে দেখতে অনেকটা পুরুষের মতো মনে হচ্ছে।’ ‘পুরুষের মতো?’ আমি বললাম, ‘তারা এর দ্বারা কী বোঝাতে চায়?’ ‘তারা বলতে চায়, তুমি পুরুষদের মতোই লাজুক ও ভীরু।’ ‘পুরুষদের মতো লাজুক ও ভীরু?’—এ তো সত্যিই এক মজার কথা! যখন বুঝতে পারলাম যে আমার সঙ্গিনী সিস্টার সারাহ্ নন, বরং একজন অপরিচিত মহিলা, তখন আমি ভীষণ অস্থির হয়ে পড়লাম। হায়! কী বোকাই না আমি—এই মহিলাকে আমার প্রিয় পুরোনো বন্ধু সিস্টার সারাহ্ বলে ভুল করেছিলাম! She felt my fingers tremble in her hand, as we were walking hand in hand. ‘What is the matter, dear?’ she said affectionately. ‘I feel somewhat awkward,’ I said in a rather apologizing tone, ‘as being a purdahnishin woman I am not accustomed to walking about unveiled.’ ‘You need not be afraid of coming across a man here. This is Ladyland, free from sin and harm. Virtue herself reigns here.’ By and by I was enjoying the scenery. Really it was very grand. I mistook a patch of green grass for a velvet cushion. Feeling as if I were walking on a soft carpet, I looked down and found the path covered with moss and flowers. ‘How nice it is,’ said I. ‘Do you like it?’ asked Sister Sara. (I continued calling her ‘Sister Sara,’ and she kept calling me by my name). ‘Yes, very much; but I do not like to tread on the tender and sweet flowers.’ ‘Never mind, dear Sultana; your treading will not harm them; they are street flowers.’ ‘The whole place looks like a garden,’ said I admiringly. ‘You have arranged every plant so skilfully.’ ‘Your Calcutta could become a nicer garden than this if only your countrymen wanted to make it so.’ ‘They would think it useless to give so much attention to horticulture, while they have so many other things to do.’ ‘They could not find a better excuse,’ said she with smile. I became very curious to know where the men were. I met more than a hundred women while walking there, but not a single man. ‘Where are the men?’ I asked her. Tn their proper places, where they ought to be.’ ‘Pray let me know what you mean by “their proper places”.’ ‘O, I see my mistake, you cannot know our customs, as you were never here before. We shut our men indoors.’ ‘Just as we are kept in the zenana?’ ‘Exactly so.’ তিনি আমার হাত ধরে হাঁটতে হাঁটতে অনুভব করলেন যে আমার আঙুলগুলো কাঁপছে। ‘কী হয়েছে, প্রিয়?’ তিনি স্নেহভরে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন। ‘আমি কিছুটা অস্বস্তি বোধ করছি,’ আমি কিছুটা ক্ষমাপ্রার্থনার সুরে বললাম, ‘কারণ আমি একজন পর্দানশীন নারী। পর্দা ছাড়া বাইরে চলাফেরা করতে আমি অভ্যস্ত নই।’ ‘এখানে কোনো পুরুষের সঙ্গে দেখা হয়ে যাবে—এমন ভয় পাওয়ার কোনো কারণ নেই। এটি লেডিল্যান্ড—পাপ ও বিপদ থেকে মুক্ত একটি দেশ। এখানে স্বয়ং পুণ্যই রাজত্ব করে।’ ক্রমে ক্রমে আমি চারপাশের দৃশ্য উপভোগ করতে শুরু করলাম। সত্যিই, দৃশ্যটি ছিল অত্যন্ত মনোরম। এক জায়গায় সবুজ ঘাসের একটি অংশকে আমি মখমলের গদির মতো মনে করেছিলাম। নরম কার্পেটের ওপর দিয়ে হাঁটছি বলে মনে হওয়ায় আমি নিচের দিকে তাকালাম এবং দেখলাম, পথটি শ্যাওলা ও ফুলে ঢাকা। ‘কী সুন্দর!’ আমি বললাম। ‘তোমার কি ভালো লাগছে?’ সিস্টার সারাহ্ জিজ্ঞেস করলেন। (আমি তাঁকে সিস্টার সারাহ্ বলেই ডাকতে থাকলাম, আর তিনিও আমাকে আমার নাম ধরে ডাকতে থাকলেন।) ‘হ্যাঁ, খুবই ভালো লাগছে; কিন্তু কোমল ও সুন্দর ফুলগুলোর ওপর পা রাখতে আমার ভালো লাগছে না।’ ‘কোনো চিন্তা নেই, প্রিয় সুলতানা; তোমার পায়ের নিচে পড়লেও এগুলোর কোনো ক্ষতি হবে না। এগুলো রাস্তার ফুল।’ ‘পুরো জায়গাটিই তো একটি বাগানের মতো মনে হচ্ছে,’ আমি মুগ্ধ হয়ে বললাম। ‘আপনারা অত্যন্ত দক্ষতার সঙ্গে প্রতিটি গাছপালা সাজিয়েছেন।’ ‘তোমাদের কলকাতাও এর চেয়ে সুন্দর একটি বাগানে পরিণত হতে পারত, যদি তোমাদের দেশের মানুষ তা করতে চাইত।’ ‘তারা হয়তো মনে করত, বাগান পরিচর্যার কাজে এত বেশি মনোযোগ দেওয়া অর্থহীন, যখন তাদের করার মতো আরও অনেক কাজ রয়েছে।’ ‘এর চেয়ে ভালো অজুহাত তারা আর খুঁজে পেত না,’ তিনি মৃদু হেসে বললেন। সেখানে পুরুষেরা কোথায়, তা জানার জন্য আমি অত্যন্ত কৌতূহলী হয়ে উঠলাম। সেখানে হাঁটতে হাঁটতে আমি একশোরও বেশি মহিলার সঙ্গে দেখা করলাম, কিন্তু একজন পুরুষকেও দেখতে পেলাম না। ‘পুরুষেরা কোথায়?’ আমি তাঁকে জিজ্ঞেস করলাম। ‘তাদের যথাযথ স্থানে, যেখানে তাদের থাকা উচিত।’ ‘দয়া করে বলুন, “তাদের যথাযথ স্থান” বলতে আপনি কী বোঝাচ্ছেন?’ ‘ওহ, আমি আমার ভুল বুঝতে পেরেছি। তুমি তো আমাদের রীতিনীতি সম্পর্কে জানতে পারবে না, কারণ এর আগে তুমি কখনো এখানে আসোনি। আমরা আমাদের পুরুষদের ঘরের ভেতরে রাখি।’ ‘ঠিক যেমন আমাদের জেনানায় রাখা হয়?’ ‘ঠিক তাই।’ ‘How funny,’ I burst into a laugh. Sister Sara laughed too. ‘But dear Sultana, how unfair it is to shut in the harmless women and let loose the men.’ ‘Why? It is not safe for us to come out of the zenana, as we are naturally weak.’ ‘Yes, it is not safe so long as there are men about the streets, nor is it so when a wild animal enters a marketplace.’ ‘Of course not.’ ‘Suppose, some lunatics escape from the asylum and begin to do all sorts of mischief to men, horses and other creatures; in that case what will your countrymen do?’ ‘They will try to capture them and put them back into their asylum.’ ‘Thank you! And you do not think it wise to keep sane people inside an asylum and let loose the insane?’ ‘Of course not!’ said I laughing lightly. ‘As a matter of fact, in your country this very thing is done! Men, who do or at least are capable of doing no end of mischief, are let loose and the innocent women, shut up in the zenana! How can you trust those untrained men out of doors?’ ‘We have no hand or voice in the management of our social affairs. In India man is lord and master, he has taken to himself all powers and privileges and shut up the women in the zenana.’ ‘Why do you allow yourselves to be shut up?’ ‘Because it cannot be helped as they are stronger than women.’ ‘A lion is stronger than a man, but it does not enable him to dominate the human race. You have neglected the duty you owe to yourselves and you have lost your natural rights by shutting your eyes to your own interests.’ ‘But my dear Sister Sara, if we do everything by ourselves, what will the men do then?’ ‘They should not do anything, excuse me; they are fit for nothing. Only catch them and put them into the zenana.’ ‘But would it be very easy to catch and put them inside the four walls?’ said I. ‘And even if this were done, would all their business - political and commercial - also go with them into the zenana?’ কী মজার ব্যাপার!’—বলেই আমি হেসে উঠলাম। সিস্টার সারাহ্ও হেসে উঠলেন। ‘কিন্তু প্রিয় সুলতানা, নিরীহ নারীদের ঘরের মধ্যে আটকে রেখে পুরুষদের বাইরে স্বাধীনভাবে চলাফেরা করতে দেওয়া কতই না অন্যায়!’ ‘কেন? আমাদের স্বভাবতই দুর্বল বলে জেনানা থেকে বাইরে বের হওয়া আমাদের জন্য নিরাপদ নয়।’ ‘হ্যাঁ, যতক্ষণ রাস্তায় পুরুষেরা ঘোরাফেরা করে, ততক্ষণ বাইরে বের হওয়া নিরাপদ নয়। আবার কোনো বন্য প্রাণী যদি বাজারে ঢুকে পড়ে, তখনও তো তা নিরাপদ নয়।’ ‘অবশ্যই নয়।’ ‘ধরো, কোনো মানসিক চিকিৎসালয় থেকে কয়েকজন উন্মাদ ব্যক্তি পালিয়ে গেল এবং পুরুষ, ঘোড়া ও অন্যান্য প্রাণীর নানা ধরনের ক্ষতি করতে শুরু করল; সেক্ষেত্রে তোমাদের দেশের লোকেরা কী করবে?’ ‘তারা তাদের ধরে আবার চিকিৎসালয়ে ফিরিয়ে দেওয়ার চেষ্টা করবে।’ ‘ধন্যবাদ! তাহলে তুমি কি মনে করো, সুস্থ মানুষদের চিকিৎসালয়ের ভেতরে আটকে রেখে উন্মাদদের বাইরে ছেড়ে দেওয়া বুদ্ধিমানের কাজ?’ ‘অবশ্যই নয়!’ আমি মৃদু হেসে বললাম। ‘বাস্তবে তোমাদের দেশে ঠিক এই কাজটিই করা হচ্ছে! পুরুষেরা—যারা নানা ধরনের অনিষ্ট করে বা অন্তত অনিষ্ট করার ক্ষমতা রাখে—তাদের বাইরে স্বাধীনভাবে চলাফেরা করতে দেওয়া হয়, আর নিরীহ নারীদের জেনানার মধ্যে বন্দি করে রাখা হয়! এমন অপ্রশিক্ষিত পুরুষদের কীভাবে তোমরা ঘরের বাইরে স্বাধীনভাবে চলাফেরা করতে বিশ্বাস করো?’ ‘আমাদের সামাজিক বিষয়গুলো পরিচালনার ক্ষেত্রে আমাদের কোনো হাত বা কণ্ঠস্বর নেই। ভারতে পুরুষই প্রভু ও কর্তা; সে সমস্ত ক্ষমতা ও সুযোগ-সুবিধা নিজের হাতে নিয়ে নারীদের জেনানার মধ্যে বন্দি করে রেখেছে।’ ‘তোমরা নিজেদের এভাবে বন্দি হতে দাও কেন?’ ‘কারণ এ ছাড়া আমাদের আর কোনো উপায় নেই; পুরুষেরা নারীদের চেয়ে শক্তিশালী।’ ‘একটি সিংহ একজন মানুষের চেয়ে শক্তিশালী, কিন্তু তাই বলে কি সে মানবজাতির ওপর কর্তৃত্ব করতে পারে? তোমরা নিজেদের প্রতি যে কর্তব্য রয়েছে, তা অবহেলা করেছ এবং নিজেদের স্বার্থের প্রতি চোখ বন্ধ করে তোমাদের স্বাভাবিক অধিকার হারিয়েছ।’ ‘কিন্তু প্রিয় সিস্টার সারাহ্, আমরা যদি সবকিছু নিজেরাই করি, তাহলে পুরুষেরা কী করবে?’ ‘তাদের কিছুই করা উচিত নয়, আমাকে ক্ষমা করো; তারা কোনো কাজেরই উপযুক্ত নয়। শুধু তাদের ধরে জেনানার মধ্যে ঢুকিয়ে রাখো।’ ‘কিন্তু তাদের ধরে চার দেয়ালের মধ্যে আটকে রাখা কি খুব সহজ হবে?’ আমি বললাম। ‘আর তা যদি করাও হয়, তাহলে তাদের সব কাজ—রাজনৈতিক ও বাণিজ্যিক কাজগুলোও—কি তাদের সঙ্গে জেনানার ভেতরে চলে যাবে?’ Sister Sara made no reply. She only smiled sweetly. Perhaps she thought it useless to argue with one who was no better than a frog in a well. By this time we reached Sister Sara’s house. It was situated in a beautiful heart-shaped garden. It was a bungalow with a corrugated iron roof. It was cooler and nicer than any of our rich buildings. I cannot describe how neat and how nicely furnished and how tastefully decorated it was. We sat side by side. She brought out of the parlour a piece of embroidery work and began putting on a fresh design. ‘Do you know knitting and needle work?’ ‘Yes; we have nothing else to do in our zenana.’ ‘But we do not trust our zenana members with embroidery!’ she said laughing, ‘as a man has not patience enough to pass thread through a needlehole even! ’ ‘Have you done all this work yourself?’ I asked her pointing to the various pieces of embroidered teapoy cloths. ‘Yes.’ ‘How can you find time to do all these? You have to do the office work as well? Have you not?’ ‘Yes. I do not stick to the laboratory all day long. I finish my work in two hours.’ ‘In two hours! How do you manage? In our land the officers, - magistrates, for instance - work seven hours daily.’ ‘I have seen some of them doing their work. Do you think they work all the seven hours?’ ‘Certainly they do!’ ‘No, dear Sultana, they do not. They dawdle away their time in smoking. Some smoke two or three cheroots during the office time. They talk much about their work, but do little. Suppose one cheroot takes half an hour to bum off, and a man smokes twelve choroots daily; then you see, he wastes six hours every day in sheer smoking.’ We talked on various subjects, and I learned that they were not subject to any kind of epidemic disease, nor did they suffer from mosquito bites as we do. I was very much astonished to hear that in Ladyland no one died in youth except by rare accident. ‘Will you care to see our kitchen?’ she asked me. সিস্টার সারাহ্ কোনো উত্তর দিলেন না। তিনি শুধু মিষ্টি করে হাসলেন। সম্ভবত তিনি ভেবেছিলেন, কূপের ব্যাঙের চেয়ে যার জ্ঞান বেশি নয়, তার সঙ্গে তর্ক করে কোনো লাভ নেই। এতক্ষণে আমরা সিস্টার সারাহ্র বাড়িতে পৌঁছালাম। বাড়িটি একটি সুন্দর হৃদয়াকৃতির বাগানের মধ্যে অবস্থিত ছিল। এটি ঢেউটিনের ছাউনি দেওয়া একটি বাংলো। আমাদের ধনী লোকদের যেকোনো বাড়ির চেয়ে এটি ছিল শীতল ও মনোরম। বাড়িটি কতটা পরিচ্ছন্ন, কত সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো এবং কত রুচিশীলভাবে সজ্জিত ছিল, তা আমি বর্ণনা করতে পারি না। আমরা পাশাপাশি বসে পড়লাম। তিনি বসার ঘর থেকে এক টুকরো সূচিকর্মের কাজ নিয়ে এলেন এবং তাতে একটি নতুন নকশা ফুটিয়ে তুলতে শুরু করলেন। ‘তুমি কি বুনন ও সূচিকর্মের কাজ জানো?’ ‘হ্যাঁ; আমাদের জেনানায় এ ছাড়া আর করার মতো কিছুই নেই।’ ‘কিন্তু আমরা আমাদের জেনানার সদস্যদের সূচিকর্মের কাজের দায়িত্ব দিই না!’ তিনি হেসে বললেন, ‘কারণ একজন পুরুষের ধৈর্যই নেই যে একটি সূঁচের ছিদ্রের মধ্য দিয়ে সুতা পর্যন্ত প্রবেশ করাবে!’ বিভিন্ন নকশায় সেলাই করা টেবিলের কাপড়গুলোর দিকে ইঙ্গিত করে আমি তাঁকে জিজ্ঞেস করলাম, ‘এই সব কাজ কি তুমি নিজেই করেছ?’ ‘হ্যাঁ।’ ‘এতসব কাজ করার সময় তুমি কীভাবে পাও? তোমাকে তো অফিসের কাজও করতে হয়, তাই না?’ ‘হ্যাঁ। আমি সারা দিন পরীক্ষাগারে বসে থাকি না। আমি দুই ঘণ্টার মধ্যেই আমার কাজ শেষ করে ফেলি।’ ‘দুই ঘণ্টায়! তুমি কীভাবে তা করো? আমাদের দেশে কর্মকর্তারা—যেমন ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটরা—প্রতিদিন সাত ঘণ্টা কাজ করেন।’ ‘আমি তাদের কয়েকজনকে কাজ করতে দেখেছি। তুমি কি মনে করো, তারা পুরো সাত ঘণ্টা কাজ করেন?’ ‘অবশ্যই করেন!’ ‘না, প্রিয় সুলতানা, তাঁরা তা করেন না। তাঁরা ধূমপান করে তাঁদের সময় নষ্ট করেন। কেউ কেউ অফিস চলাকালীন দুই-তিনটি চুরুট পর্যন্ত ধূমপান করেন। তাঁরা তাঁদের কাজ নিয়ে অনেক কথা বলেন, কিন্তু কাজ করেন খুব সামান্য। ধরো, একটি চুরুট শেষ হতে আধা ঘণ্টা সময় লাগে এবং একজন ব্যক্তি প্রতিদিন বারোটি চুরুট ধূমপান করেন; তাহলে দেখতেই পাচ্ছ, তিনি প্রতিদিন শুধু ধূমপানের পেছনেই ছয় ঘণ্টা নষ্ট করেন।’ আমরা বিভিন্ন বিষয় নিয়ে কথাবার্তা বলতে থাকলাম। তখন আমি জানতে পারলাম যে, তারা কোনো ধরনের মহামারি রোগে আক্রান্ত হয় না এবং আমাদের মতো মশার কামড়েও তাদের ভুগতে হয় না। শুনে আমি অত্যন্ত বিস্মিত হলাম যে, লেডিল্যান্ডে বিরল দুর্ঘটনা ছাড়া অল্প বয়সে কেউ মারা যায় না। ‘তুমি কি আমাদের রান্নাঘরটি দেখতে চাও?’ তিনি আমাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন। ‘With pleasure,’ said I, and we went to see it. Of course the men had been asked to clear off when I was going there. The kitchen was situated in a beautiful vegetable garden. Every creeper, every tomato plant was itself an ornament. I found no smoke, nor any chimney either in the kitchen—it was clean and bright; the windows were decorated with flower gardens. There was no sign of coal or fire. ‘How do you cook?’ I asked. ‘With solar heat,’ she said, at the same time showing me the pipe, through which passed the concentrated sunlight and heat. And she cooked something then and there to show me the process. ‘How did you manage to gather and store up the sun-heat?’ I asked her in amazement. ‘Let me tell you a little of our past history then. Thirty years ago, when our present Queen was thirteen years old, she inherited the throne. She was Queen in name only, the Prime Minister really ruling the country. ‘Our good Queen liked science very much. She circulated an order that all the women in her country should be educated. Accordingly a number of girls’ schools were founded and supported by the government. Education was spread far and wide among women. And early marriage also was stopped. No woman was to be allowed to marry before she was twenty-one. I must tell you that, before this change we had been kept in strict purdah.’ ‘How the tables are turned,’ I interposed with a laugh. ‘But the seclusion is the same,’ she said. Tn a few years we had separate universities, where no men were admitted.’ Tn the capital, where our Queen lives, there are two universities. One of these invented a wonderful balloon, to which they attached a number of pipes. By means of this captive balloon which they managed to keep afloat above the cloud-land, they could draw as much water from the atmosphere as they pleased. As the water was incessantly being drawn by the university people no cloud gathered and the ingenious Lady Principal stopped rain and storms thereby.’ ‘Really! Now I understand why there is no mud here!’ said I. But I could not understand how it was possible to accumulate water in the pipes. She explained to me how it was done, but I was unable to understand her, as my scientific knowledge was very limited. However, she went on, ‘When the other university came to know of this, they became exceedingly jealous and tried to do something more extraordinary still. They invented an instrument by which they could collect as much sun-heat as they wanted. And they kept the heat stored up to be distributed among others as required. ‘সানন্দে,’ আমি বললাম এবং আমরা রান্নাঘরটি দেখতে গেলাম। অবশ্য আমি সেখানে যাওয়ার সময় পুরুষদের সরে যেতে বলা হয়েছিল। রান্নাঘরটি একটি সুন্দর সবজির বাগানের মধ্যে অবস্থিত ছিল। প্রতিটি লতাগাছ, প্রতিটি টমেটোগাছই যেন নিজেই একটি অলংকার। রান্নাঘরে আমি কোনো ধোঁয়া দেখতে পেলাম না, এমনকি কোনো চিমনিও ছিল না—রান্নাঘরটি ছিল পরিষ্কার ও উজ্জ্বল; জানালাগুলো ফুলের বাগান দিয়ে সজ্জিত ছিল। কয়লা বা আগুনের কোনো চিহ্নই সেখানে ছিল না। ‘তোমরা রান্না করো কীভাবে?’ আমি জিজ্ঞেস করলাম। ‘সৌর তাপ দিয়ে,’ তিনি বললেন। একই সঙ্গে তিনি আমাকে সেই নলটি দেখালেন, যার মধ্য দিয়ে ঘনীভূত সূর্যালোক ও তাপ প্রবাহিত হতো। আমাকে প্রক্রিয়াটি দেখানোর জন্য তিনি তখনই সেখানে কিছু রান্না করে দেখালেন। ‘তোমরা কীভাবে সূর্যের তাপ সংগ্রহ করে জমিয়ে রাখলে?’ আমি বিস্মিত হয়ে তাঁকে জিজ্ঞেস করলাম। ‘তাহলে তোমাকে আমাদের অতীত ইতিহাসের কিছু কথা বলি। ত্রিশ বছর আগে, যখন আমাদের বর্তমান রানির বয়স ছিল তেরো বছর, তখন তিনি সিংহাসনের উত্তরাধিকারী হন। তিনি নামমাত্র রানি ছিলেন; প্রকৃতপক্ষে প্রধানমন্ত্রীই দেশ শাসন করতেন। ‘আমাদের মহারানি বিজ্ঞানের প্রতি খুবই অনুরাগী ছিলেন। তিনি একটি আদেশ জারি করলেন যে, তাঁর দেশের সকল নারীকে শিক্ষিত করতে হবে। সেই অনুযায়ী সরকার বেশ কয়েকটি বালিকা বিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠা ও পরিচালনা করতে শুরু করল। নারীদের মধ্যে সর্বত্র শিক্ষার প্রসার ঘটল। বাল্যবিবাহও বন্ধ করা হলো। একুশ বছর বয়সের আগে কোনো নারীকে বিয়ে করার অনুমতি দেওয়া হতো না। তোমাকে অবশ্যই বলি, এই পরিবর্তনের আগে আমাদের কঠোর পর্দাপ্রথার মধ্যে রাখা হতো।’ ‘বাহ! কী সুন্দরভাবে পরিস্থিতি পুরোপুরি বদলে গেছে!’—আমি হেসে বললাম। ‘কিন্তু অন্তরীণ থাকার ব্যবস্থা একই রয়ে গেছে,’ তিনি বললেন। ‘কয়েক বছরের মধ্যেই আমরা পৃথক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠা করলাম, যেখানে কোনো পুরুষকে ভর্তি হতে দেওয়া হতো না।’ ‘রাজধানীতে, যেখানে আমাদের রানি বাস করেন, সেখানে দুটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় রয়েছে। এর মধ্যে একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় একটি আশ্চর্যজনক বেলুন আবিষ্কার করেছিল, যার সঙ্গে বেশ কয়েকটি নল সংযুক্ত করা হয়েছিল। এই বদ্ধ বেলুনটির সাহায্যে, যেটিকে তারা মেঘের স্তরের ওপরে ভাসমান অবস্থায় রাখতে সক্ষম হয়েছিল, তারা ইচ্ছেমতো বায়ুমণ্ডল থেকে প্রচুর পরিমাণে পানি সংগ্রহ করতে পারত। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের লোকেরা যেহেতু অবিরাম পানি সংগ্রহ করত, তাই কোনো মেঘ জমতে পারত না এবং বুদ্ধিমতী মহিলা অধ্যক্ষ এভাবেই বৃষ্টি ও ঝড় বন্ধ করে দিয়েছিলেন।’ ‘সত্যিই! এখন বুঝতে পারছি, এখানে কোনো কাদা নেই কেন!’ আমি বললাম। কিন্তু নলগুলোর মধ্যে কীভাবে পানি জমা করা সম্ভব, তা আমি বুঝতে পারলাম না। তিনি আমাকে বিষয়টি কীভাবে করা হয় তা ব্যাখ্যা করলেন, কিন্তু আমার বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান অত্যন্ত সীমিত হওয়ায় আমি তা বুঝতে পারলাম না। তবে তিনি বলতে থাকলেন, ‘অন্য বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়টি যখন এ বিষয়টি জানতে পারল, তখন তারা ভীষণ ঈর্ষান্বিত হয়ে উঠল এবং তার চেয়েও বিস্ময়কর কিছু করার চেষ্টা করল। তারা এমন একটি যন্ত্র আবিষ্কার করল, যার সাহায্যে তারা নিজেদের প্রয়োজনমতো যতখুশি সূর্যের তাপ সংগ্রহ করতে পারত। এরপর তারা সেই তাপ সঞ্চিত করে রাখত, যাতে প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী অন্যদের মধ্যে তা বিতরণ করা যায়।’ ‘While the women were engaged in scientific research, the men of this country were busy increasing their military power. When they came to know that the female universities were able to draw water from the atmosphere and collect heat from the sun, they only laughed at the members of the universities and called the whole thing “a sentimental nightmare”!’ ‘Your achievements are very wonderful indeed! But tell me, how you managed to put the men of your country into the zenana. Did you entrap them first?’ ‘No.’ ‘It is not likely that they would surrender their free and open air life of their own accord and confine themselves within the four walls of the zenana! They must have been overpowered.’ ‘Yes, they have been! ’ ‘By whom? By some lady-warriors, I suppose?’ ‘No, not by arms.’ ‘Yes, it cannot be so. Men’s arms are stronger than women’s. Then?’ ‘By brain.’ ‘Even their brains are bigger and heavier than women’s. Are they not?’ ‘Yes, but what of that? An elephant also has got a bigger and heavier brain than a man has. Yet man can enchain elephants and employ them, according to their own wishes.’ ‘Well said, but tell me please, how it all actually happened. I am dying to know it! ’ ‘Women’s brains are somewhat quicker than men’s. Ten years ago, when the military officers called our scientific discoveries “a sentimental nightmare,” some of the young ladies wanted to say something in reply to those remarks. But both the Lady Principals restrained them and said, they should reply not by word, but by deed, if ever they got the opportunity. And they had not long to wait for that opportunity.’ ‘How marvellous!’ I heartily clapped my hands. ‘And now the proud gentlemen are dreaming sentimental dreams themselves.’ ‘নারীরা যখন বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণায় নিয়োজিত ছিল, তখন এই দেশের পুরুষেরা তাদের সামরিক শক্তি বৃদ্ধি করতে ব্যস্ত ছিল। তারা যখন জানতে পারল যে, নারী-পরিচালিত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো বায়ুমণ্ডল থেকে পানি সংগ্রহ করতে এবং সূর্য থেকে তাপ আহরণ করতে সক্ষম হয়েছে, তখন তারা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের সদস্যদের নিয়ে শুধু হাসাহাসিই করল এবং পুরো বিষয়টিকে “আবেগপ্রসূত দুঃস্বপ্ন” বলে অভিহিত করল!’ ‘তোমাদের অর্জন সত্যিই অত্যন্ত বিস্ময়কর! কিন্তু আমাকে বলো, তোমরা কীভাবে তোমাদের দেশের পুরুষদের জেনানার মধ্যে ঢুকিয়ে রাখতে সক্ষম হলে? তোমরা কি প্রথমে তাদের কোনো ফাঁদে ফেলেছিলে?’ ‘না।’ ‘এটা তো বিশ্বাস করা কঠিন যে, তারা স্বেচ্ছায় তাদের স্বাধীন ও মুক্ত পরিবেশের জীবন ত্যাগ করে জেনানার চার দেয়ালের মধ্যে নিজেদের আবদ্ধ করবে! নিশ্চয়ই তাদের পরাভূত করা হয়েছিল।’ ‘হ্যাঁ, তাদের পরাভূত করা হয়েছিল!’ ‘কার দ্বারা? নিশ্চয়ই কোনো নারী যোদ্ধার দ্বারা?’ ‘না, অস্ত্রের দ্বারা নয়।’ ‘হ্যাঁ, তা তো সম্ভব নয়। পুরুষদের অস্ত্র নারীদের চেয়ে শক্তিশালী। তাহলে?’ ‘বুদ্ধির দ্বারা।’ ‘এমনকি তাদের মস্তিষ্কও নারীদের চেয়ে বড় ও ভারী। তাই নয় কি?’ ‘হ্যাঁ, কিন্তু তাতে কী হয়েছে? একটি হাতির মস্তিষ্কও একজন মানুষের মস্তিষ্কের চেয়ে বড় ও ভারী। তবুও মানুষ হাতিকে শৃঙ্খলিত করে নিজের ইচ্ছামতো কাজে লাগাতে পারে।’ ‘বেশ ভালো বলেছ! কিন্তু দয়া করে আমাকে বলো, আসলে কীভাবে পুরো ঘটনাটি ঘটেছিল। আমি তা জানার জন্য অধীর হয়ে আছি!’ ‘নারীদের মস্তিষ্ক পুরুষদের তুলনায় কিছুটা দ্রুত কাজ করে। দশ বছর আগে, যখন সামরিক কর্মকর্তারা আমাদের বৈজ্ঞানিক আবিষ্কারগুলোকে “আবেগপ্রসূত দুঃস্বপ্ন” বলে অভিহিত করেছিল, তখন কয়েকজন তরুণী সেই মন্তব্যের জবাবে কিছু বলতে চেয়েছিল। কিন্তু উভয় মহিলা অধ্যক্ষই তাদের থামিয়ে দিয়ে বলেছিলেন, সুযোগ পেলে তারা যেন কথার মাধ্যমে নয়, কাজের মাধ্যমে এর জবাব দেয়। আর সেই সুযোগের জন্য তাদের বেশি দিন অপেক্ষা করতে হয়নি।’ ‘কী আশ্চর্য!’ আমি অত্যন্ত আনন্দের সঙ্গে হাততালি দিয়ে উঠলাম। ‘আর এখন সেই অহংকারী ভদ্রলোকেরাই নিজেরা আবেগপ্রসূত স্বপ্ন দেখছে।’ ‘Soon afterwards certain persons came from a neighbouring country and took shelter in ours. They were in trouble having committed some political offense. The king who cared more for power than for good government asked our kind-hearted Queen to hand them over to his officers. She refused, as it was against her principle to turn out refugees. For this refusal the king declared war against our country. ‘Our military officers sprang to their feet at once and marched out to meet the enemy. The enemy however, was too strong for them. Our soldiers fought bravely, no doubt. But in spite of all their bravery the foreign army advanced step by step to invade our country. ‘Nearly all the men had gone out to fight; even a boy of sixteen was not left home. Most of our warriors were killed, the rest driven back and the enemy came within twenty-five miles of the capital. ‘A meeting of a number of wise ladies was held at the Queen’s palace to advise as to what should be done to save the land. Some proposed to fight like soldiers; others objected and said that women were not trained to fight with swords and guns, nor were they accustomed to fighting with any weapons. A third party regretfully remarked that they were hopelessly weak of body. “If you cannot save your country for lack of physical strength,” said the Queen, “try to do so by brain power.” ‘There was a dead silence for a few minutes. Her Royal Highness said again, “I must commit suicide if the land and my honour are lost.” ‘Then the Lady Principal of the second university (who had collected sun-heat), who had been silently thinking during the consultation, remarked that they were all but lost, and there was little hope left for them. There was, however, one plan which she would like to try, and this would be her first and last efforts; if she failed in this, there would be nothing left but to commit suicide. All present solemnly vowed that they would never allow themselves to be enslaved, no matter what happened. ‘এর কিছুদিন পরেই একটি প্রতিবেশী দেশ থেকে কিছু লোক এসে আমাদের দেশে আশ্রয় নিল। কোনো রাজনৈতিক অপরাধ করে তারা বিপদে পড়েছিল। যে রাজা সুশাসনের চেয়ে ক্ষমতার মোহই বেশি পছন্দ করতেন, তিনি আমাদের সহৃদয় রানিকে অনুরোধ করলেন ওই লোকগুলোকে তাঁর কর্মকর্তাদের হাতে তুলে দিতে। রানি তা প্রত্যাখ্যান করলেন, কারণ আশ্রয়প্রার্থীদের তাড়িয়ে দেওয়া ছিল তাঁর নীতির পরিপন্থী। এই প্রত্যাখ্যানের দরুন রাজা আমাদের দেশের বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা করলেন। ‘আমাদের সামরিক কর্মকর্তারা তৎক্ষণাৎ প্রস্তুত হয়ে শত্রুর মোকাবিলা করার জন্য বেরিয়ে পড়লেন। তবে শত্রু তাদের চেয়ে অনেক বেশি শক্তিশালী ছিল। আমাদের সৈন্যরা নিঃসন্দেহে অত্যন্ত বীরত্বের সাথে লড়াই করেছিল। কিন্তু তাদের সমস্ত বীরত্ব সত্ত্বেও বিদেশি সেনাবাহিনী আমাদের দেশ দখল করতে ধাপে ধাপে এগিয়ে এল। ‘প্রায় সব পুরুষই যুদ্ধে চলে গিয়েছিল; এমনকি ষোলো বছরের কোনো কিশোরকেও ঘরে রাখা হয়নি। আমাদের অধিকাংশ যোদ্ধা নিহত হলো, বাকিদের পিছু হটিয়ে দেওয়া হলো এবং শত্রু রাজধানী থেকে পঁচিশ মাইলের মধ্যে চলে এল। ‘দেশকে কীভাবে রক্ষা করা যায় সে বিষয়ে পরামর্শ করতে রানির প্রাসাদে কয়েকজন প্রজ্ঞাবান নারীর এক সভা অনুষ্ঠিত হলো। কেউ কেউ সৈন্যদের মতো লড়াই করার প্রস্তাব দিলেন; অন্যরা আপত্তি জানিয়ে বললেন যে নারীরা তলোয়ার কিংবা বন্দুক দিয়ে যুদ্ধ করার প্রশিক্ষণ পায়নি, আর তারা কোনো অস্ত্র চালনায় অভ্যস্তও নয়। তৃতীয় একটি দল অনুতাপের সাথে মন্তব্য করল যে শারীরিক দিক থেকে তারা চরম দুর্বল। “শারীরিক শক্তির অভাবে যদি দেশকে রক্ষা করতে না পারো,” রানি বললেন, “তবে মেধা ও বুদ্ধিবল দিয়ে তা করার চেষ্টা করো।” ‘কয়েক মিনিটের জন্য সেখানে পিনপতন নীরবতা নেমে এল। মহামান্য রানি পুনরায় বললেন, “আমার দেশ এবং আমার সম্মান যদি হারিয়ে যায়, তবে আমি আত্মহত্যা করতে বাধ্য হব।” ‘তখন দ্বিতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের লেডি প্রিন্সিপ্যাল (যিনি সৌর-উত্তাপ সংগ্রহ করেছিলেন), যিনি আলোচনার সময় নীরবে চিন্তা করছিলেন, মন্তব্য করলেন যে তারা প্রায় সবই হারিয়ে বসেছেন এবং তাদের বেঁচে ফেরার আশা খুব সামান্যই অবশিষ্ট আছে। তবে তাঁর একটি পরিকল্পনা আছে যা তিনি চেষ্টা করে দেখতে চান, এবং এটিই হবে তাঁর প্রথম ও শেষ চেষ্টা; এতে যদি তিনি ব্যর্থ হন, তবে আত্মহত্যা করা ছাড়া আর কোনো পথ খোলা থাকবে না। উপস্থিত সবাই গাম্ভীর্যের সাথে শপথ নিলেন যে পরিস্থিতি যা-ই ঘটুক না কেন, তারা কখনোই নিজেদের পরাধীন হতে দেবেন না। ‘The Queen thanked them heartily, and asked the Lady Principal to try her plan. The Lady Principal rose again and said, “before we go out the men must enter the zenanas. I make this prayer for the sake of purdah.” “Yes, of course,” replied Her Royal Highness. ‘On the following day the Queen called upon all men to retire into zenanas for the sake of honour and liberty. Wounded and tired as they were, they took that order rather for a boon! They bowed low and entered the zenanas without uttering a single word of protest. They were sure that there was no hope for this country at all. ‘Then the Lady Principal with her two thousand students marched to the battle field, and arriving there directed all the rays of the concentrated sunlight and heat towards the enemy. ‘The heat and light were too much for them to bear. They all ran away panic-stricken, not knowing in their bewilderment how to counteract that scorching heat. When they fled away leaving their guns and other ammunitions of war, they were burnt down by means of the same sun-heat. Since then no one has tried to invade our country any more.’ ‘And since then your countrymen never tried to come out of the zenana?’ ‘Yes, they wanted to be free. Some of the police commissioners and district magistrates sent word to the Queen to the effect that the military officers certainly deserved to be imprisoned for their failure; but they never neglected their duty and therefore they should not be punished and they prayed to be restored to their respective offices. ‘Her Royal Highness sent them a circular letter intimating to them that if their services should ever be needed they would be sent for, and that in the meanwhile they should remain where they were. Now that they are accustomed to the purdah system and have ceased to grumble at their seclusion, we call the system “Mardana” instead of “zenana”.’ ‘But how do you manage,’ I asked Sister Sara, ‘to do without the police or magistrates in case of theft or murder?’ ‘রানি তাদের আন্তরিক ধন্যবাদ জানালেন এবং লেডি প্রিন্সিপ্যালকে তাঁর পরিকল্পনাটি প্রয়োগ করার অনুরোধ করলেন। লেডি প্রিন্সিপ্যাল পুনরায় উঠে দাঁড়িয়ে বললেন, “আমরা বাইরে যাওয়ার আগে পুরুষদের অবশ্যই জনানামহলে প্রবেশ করতে হবে। পর্দার খাতিরেই আমি এই প্রার্থনাটি করছি।” “হ্যাঁ, অবশ্যই,” মহামান্য রানি উত্তর দিলেন। ‘পরের দিন রানি সম্মান ও স্বাধীনতার স্বার্থে সমস্ত পুরুষকে জনানামহলে সরে যাওয়ার আহ্বান জানালেন। তারা যেমন আহত ও ক্লান্ত ছিল, সেই আদেশকে তারা একপ্রকার আশীর্বাদ বলেই মনে করল! তারা মাথা নিচু করে বিন্দুমাত্র প্রতিবাদ না জানিয়ে জনানামহলে প্রবেশ করল। তারা নিশ্চিত ছিল যে এই দেশের আর কোনো আশা অবশিষ্ট নেই। ‘তারপর লেডি প্রিন্সিপ্যাল তাঁর দুই হাজার ছাত্রী নিয়ে যুদ্ধক্ষেত্রের দিকে যাত্রা করলেন এবং সেখানে পৌঁছে কেন্দ্রীভূত সূর্যালোক ও উত্তাপের সমস্ত রশ্মি শত্রুর দিকে পরিচালিত করলেন। ‘সেই তীব্র উত্তাপ ও আলো সহ্য করা তাদের পক্ষে অসম্ভব হয়ে উঠল। সেই ঝলসানো তাপ কীভাবে প্রতিহত করতে হবে তা বুঝতে না পেরে তারা কিংকর্তব্যবিমূঢ় হয়ে আতঙ্কিত অবস্থায় পালিয়ে গেল। তারা যখন তাদের বন্দুক এবং যুদ্ধের অন্যান্য গোলাবারুদ ফেলে রেখে পালিয়ে গেল, তখন সেই সৌর-উত্তাপের সাহায্যেই সেগুলোকে পুড়িয়ে ছাই করে দেওয়া হলো। সেই থেকে আর কেউ আমাদের দেশ আক্রমণ করার সাহস করেনি।’ ‘আর সেই থেকে আপনাদের দেশবাসী পুরুষেরা কখনো জনানামহল থেকে বের হওয়ার চেষ্টা করেনি?’ ‘হ্যাঁ, তারা মুক্ত হতে চেয়েছিল। কিছু পুলিশ কমিশনার এবং জেলা ম্যাজিস্ট্রেট রানির কাছে বার্তা পাঠিয়ে জানালেন যে সামরিক কর্মকর্তারা তাদের ব্যর্থতার জন্য অবশ্যই কারাদণ্ড পাওয়ার যোগ্য; কিন্তু তারা (পুলিশ ও ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটরা) কখনোই নিজেদের দায়িত্ব অবহেলা করেননি, তাই তাদের শাস্তি হওয়া উচিত নয় এবং তারা নিজ নিজ পদে পুনর্বহাল করার আবেদন জানালেন। ‘মহামান্য রানি তাদের একটি বিজ্ঞপ্তি পাঠিয়ে জানিয়ে দিলেন যে যদি কখনো তাদের সেবার প্রয়োজন হয়, তবে তাদের ডেকে পাঠানো হবে; আর তত দিন পর্যন্ত তারা যেন যে যার জায়গায় অবস্থান করে। এখন যেহেতু তারা পর্দা প্রথায় অভ্যস্ত হয়ে উঠেছে এবং তাদের এই গৃহবন্দিত্ব নিয়ে অভিযোগ করা বন্ধ করেছে, তাই আমরা এই প্রথাকে “জনানা”র বদলে “মরদানা” বলি।’ ‘কিন্তু চুরি বা খুনের মতো অপরাধের ক্ষেত্রে পুলিশ কিংবা ম্যাজিস্ট্রেট ছাড়া আপনারা কীভাবে সবকিছু সামলান?’ আমি সিস্টার সারাকে জিজ্ঞাসা করলাম। ‘Since the “Mardana” system has been established, there has been no more crime or sin; therefore we do not require a policeman to find out a culprit, nor do we want a magistrate to try a criminal case.’ ‘That is very good, indeed. I suppose if there was any dishonest person, you could very easily chastise her. As you gained a decisive victory without shedding a single drop of blood, you could drive off crime and criminals too without much difficulty!’ ‘Now, dear Sultana, will you sit here or come to my parlour?’ she asked me. ‘Your kitchen is not inferior to a queen’s boudoir! ’ I replied with a pleasant smile, ‘but we must leave it now; for the gentlemen may be cursing me for keeping them away from their duties in the kitchen so long.’ We both laughed heartily. ‘How my friends at home will be amused and amazed, when I go back and tell them that in the far-off Ladyland, ladies rule over the country and control all social matters, while gentlemen are kept in the Mardanas to mind babies, to cook and to do all sorts of domestic work; and that cooking is so easy a thing that it is simply a pleasure to cook! ’ ‘Yes, tell them about all that you see here.’ ‘Please let me know, how you carry on land cultivation and how you plough the land and do other hard manual work. ’ ‘Our fields are tilled by means of electricity, which supplies motive power for other hard work as well, and we employ it for our aerial conveyances too. We have no rail road nor any paved streets here.’ ‘Therefore neither street nor railway accidents occur here,’ said I. ‘Do not you ever suffer from want of rainwater?’ I asked. ‘Never since the “water balloon” has been set up. You see the big balloon and pipes attached thereto. By their aid we can draw as much rainwater as we require. Nor do we ever suffer from flood or thunderstorms. We are all very busy making nature yield as much as she can. We do not find time to quarrel with one another as we never sit idle. Our noble Queen is exceedingly fond of botany; it is her ambition to convert the whole country into one grand garden.’ ‘The idea is excellent. What is your chief food?’ ‘Fruits.’ ‘How do you keep your country cool in hot weather? We regard the rainfall in summer as a blessing from heaven.’ ‘“মরদানা” প্রথা চালুর পর থেকে এখানে আর কোনো অপরাধ বা পাপকাজ ঘটে না; তাই কোনো অপরাধীকে খুঁজে বের করার জন্য আমাদের পুলিশের প্রয়োজন হয় না, কিংবা কোনো ফৌজদারি মামলার বিচার করার জন্য ম্যাজিস্ট্রেটেরও দরকার পড়ে না।’ ‘তা তো খুবই ভালো কথা। আমার মনে হয়, কোনো অসৎ ব্যক্তি যদি থেকেও থাকে, তবে আপনারা তাকে খুব সহজেই শোধরাতে পারবেন। এক ফোঁটা রক্ত না ঝরিয়ে আপনারা যখন এমন এক নির্ণায়ক জয় অর্জন করেছেন, তখন কোনো বড় ধরনের অসুবিধা ছাড়াই আপনারা নিশ্চয়ই অপরাধ ও অপরাধীদের দূর করতে পারবেন!’ ‘এখন, প্রিয় সুলতানা, তুমি কি এখানেই বসে থাকবে নাকি আমার বসার ঘরে আসবে?’ সে আমাকে জিজ্ঞাসা করল। ‘আপনার রান্নাঘরটি কোনো রানির খাসকামরার চেয়ে কম কিছু নয়!’ আমি এক চিলতে মিষ্টি হাসি দিয়ে উত্তর দিলাম, ‘তবে আমাদের এখন এখান থেকে যাওয়া উচিত; কারণ ভদ্রলোকেরা হয়তো আমাকে অভিশাপ দিচ্ছেন, কেননা আমি তাদের এতক্ষণ রান্নাঘরের কাজ থেকে দূরে সরিয়ে রেখেছি।’ আমরা দুজনই মন খুলে হেসে উঠলাম। ‘আমি যখন দেশে ফিরে গিয়ে আমার বন্ধুদের বলব যে সুদূর নারীস্থানে (লেডিল্যান্ডে) নারীরা দেশ শাসন করে এবং সমস্ত সামাজিক বিষয় পরিচালনা করে, অন্যদিকে পুরুষদের মরদানায় আটকে রেখে সন্তান দেখাশোনা, রান্না করা এবং সব ধরনের গৃহস্থালি কাজ করানো হয়; আর রান্না করা এতটাই সহজ যে তা কেবলই আনন্দের বিষয়—তখন তারা কতটা আমোদিত ও বিস্মিত হবে!’ ‘হ্যাঁ, তুমি এখানে যা কিছু দেখছ তার সবই তাদের বোলো।’ ‘দয়া করে আমাকে জানান, আপনারা কীভাবে জমি চাষাবাদ করেন, কীভাবে জমি লাঙল দেন এবং অন্যান্য কঠিন কায়িক পরিশ্রমের কাজ সম্পন্ন করেন।’ ‘আমাদের খেতখামার বিদ্যুৎচালিত যন্ত্রের সাহায্যে চাষ করা হয়, যা অন্যান্য সব কঠিন কাজের জন্যও চালিকাশক্তি জোগায় এবং আমরা আমাদের আকাশযানের ক্ষেত্রেও এটি ব্যবহার করি। আমাদের এখানে কোনো রেলপথ বা পাকা রাস্তা নেই।’ ‘তাই এখানে সড়ক দুর্ঘটনা কিংবা ট্রেন দুর্ঘটনা কিছুই ঘটে না,’ আমি বললাম। ‘আপনাদের কি কখনো বৃষ্টির জলের অভাবে কষ্ট পেতে হয় না?’ আমি জিজ্ঞাসা করলাম। ‘“ওয়াটার বেলুন” (জল-বেলুন) স্থাপন করার পর থেকে কখনোই না। আপনি ওই বড় বেলুনটি এবং তার সাথে যুক্ত পাইপগুলো দেখতে পাচ্ছেন। সেগুলোর সাহায্যে আমরা যতটুকু প্রয়োজন ততটুকু বৃষ্টির জল টেনে নিতে পারি। আমরা কখনো বন্যা বা বজ্রঝড়ের সমস্যার মুখেও পড়ি না। আমরা সবাই প্রকৃতি থেকে যতটা সম্ভব সুফল আদায় করে নিতে খুব ব্যস্ত থাকি। আমরা কখনোই অলস বসে থাকি না বলে একে অপরের সাথে ঝগড়া করার মতো সময় পাই না। আমাদের মহীয়সী রানি উদ্ভিদবিদ্যা অত্যন্ত পছন্দ করেন; পুরো দেশকে একটি বিশাল ও সুন্দর উদ্যানে রূপান্তরিত করাই তাঁর প্রধান লক্ষ্য।’ ‘ভাবনাটি চমৎকার। আপনাদের প্রধান খাদ্য কী?’ ‘ফলমূল।’ ‘গরম আবহাওয়ায় আপনারা আপনাদের দেশ কীভাবে ঠান্ডা রাখেন? আমরা তো গ্রীষ্মকালের বৃষ্টিপাতকে স্বর্গের আশীর্বাদ মনে করি।’ ‘When the heat becomes unbearable, we sprinkle the ground with plentiful showers drawn from the artificial fountains. And in cold weather we keep our room warm with sun-heat.’ She showed me her bathroom, the roof of which was removable. She could enjoy a shower bath whenever she liked, by simply removing the roof (which was like the lid of a box) and turning on the tap of the shower pipe. ‘You are a lucky people! ’ ejaculated I. ‘You know no want. What is your religion, may I ask?’ ‘Our religion is based on Love and Truth. It is our religious duty to love one another and to be absolutely truthful. If any person lies, she or he is....’ ‘Punished with death?’ ‘No, not with death. We do not take pleasure in killing a creature of God, especially a human being. The liar is asked to leave this land for good and never to come to it again.’ ‘Is an offender never forgiven?’ ‘Yes, if that person repents sincerely.’ ‘Are you not allowed to see any man, except your own relations?’ ‘No one except sacred relations.’ ‘Our circle of sacred relations is very limited; even first cousins are not sacred.’ ‘But ours is very large; a distant cousin is as sacred as a brother.’ ‘That is very good. I see purity itself reigns over your land. I should like to see the good Queen, who is so sagacious and far-sighted and who has made all these rules.’ ‘All right,’ said Sister Sara. Then she screwed a couple of seats onto a square piece of plank. To this plank she attached two smooth and well-polished balls. When I asked her what the balls were for, she said they were hydrogen balls and they were used to overcome the force of gravity. The balls were of different capacities to be used according to the different weights desired to be overcome. She then fastened to the air-car two wing-like blades, which, she said, were worked by electricity. After we were comfortably seated she touched a knob and the blades began to whirl, moving faster and faster every moment. At first we were raised to the height of about six or seven feet and then off we flew. And before I could realize that we had commenced moving, we reached the garden of the Queen. My friend lowered the air-car by reversing the action of the machine, and when the car touched the ground the machine was stopped and we got out. ‘যখন উত্তাপ অসহনীয় হয়ে ওঠে, তখন আমরা কৃত্রিম ফোয়ারা থেকে প্রচুর পানি ছিটিয়ে মাটি ঠান্ডা করি। আর ঠান্ডা আবহাওয়ায় আমরা সৌর-উত্তাপ দিয়ে ঘর গরম রাখি।’ সে আমাকে তার স্নানাগার দেখাল, যার ছাদটি সরিয়ে নেওয়া যেত। কেবল ছাদটি (যা বাক্সের ঢাকনার মতো ছিল) সরিয়ে দিয়ে এবং ঝরনার পাইপের কলটি চালু করে সে যখন ইচ্ছা ঝরনা-স্নান উপভোগ করতে পারত। ‘আপনারা সত্যিই কত ভাগ্যবান!’ আমি বলে উঠলাম। ‘আপনাদের কোনো অভাব নেই। আমি কি জিজ্ঞাসা করতে পারি আপনাদের ধর্ম কী?’ ‘আমাদের ধর্ম প্রেম ও সত্যের ওপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত। একে অপরকে ভালোবাসা এবং সম্পূর্ণ সত্যবাদী হওয়া আমাদের ধর্মীয় কর্তব্য। যদি কোনো ব্যক্তি মিথ্যা বলে, তবে তাকে....’ ‘মৃত্যুদণ্ডে দণ্ডিত করা হয়?’ ‘না, মৃত্যুদণ্ড দেওয়া হয় না। ঈশ্বরের সৃষ্টি কোনো জীবকে—বিশেষ করে কোনো মানুষকে হত্যা করে আমরা আনন্দ পাই না। মিথ্যাবাদীকে চিরতরে এই দেশ ছেড়ে চলে যেতে বলা হয় এবং সে আর কখনোই এখানে ফিরে আসতে পারে না।’ ‘কোনো অপরাধীকে কি কখনো ক্ষমা করা হয় না?’ ‘হ্যাঁ, যদি সে ব্যক্তি আন্তরিকভাবে অনুশোচনা প্রকাশ করে।’ ‘আপনাদের কি নিজের আত্মীয় ছাড়া অন্য কোনো পুরুষের সাথে দেখা করার অনুমতি নেই?’ ‘পবিত্র বা নিকটসম্পর্কের আত্মীয় ছাড়া আর কারও সাথে নয়।’ ‘আমাদের পবিত্র আত্মীয়তার পরিধি খুবই সীমিত; এমনকি আপন চাচাতো, মামাতো, খালাতো বা ফুপাতো ভাইরাও এই পবিত্র সম্পর্কের অন্তর্ভুক্ত নয়।’ ‘কিন্তু আমাদের পরিধি অনেক বিস্তৃত; একজন দূরসম্পর্কের ভাইও আপন ভাইয়ের মতোই পবিত্র।’ ‘তা তো খুবই ভালো কথা। আমি দেখছি পবিত্রতা নিজেই আপনাদের দেশে রাজত্ব করছে। আমি সেই মহীয়সী রানির সাথে দেখা করতে চাই, যিনি এত বিচক্ষণ ও দূরদর্শী এবং যিনি এই সমস্ত নিয়মকানুন তৈরি করেছেন।’ ‘ঠিক আছে,’ সিস্টার সারা বলল। তারপর সে একটি বর্গাকার কাঠের তক্তার ওপর দুটি আসন স্ক্রু দিয়ে বসাল। এই তক্তাটির সাথে সে দুটি মসৃণ ও সুপালিশ করা বল যুক্ত করল। বলগুলো কী কাজের জন্য আমি জানতে চাইলে সে বলল, সেগুলো হাইড্রোজেন বল এবং মাধ্যাকর্ষণ শক্তি জয় করতে এগুলো ব্যবহৃত হয়। কাঙ্ক্ষিত ওজন নিয়ন্ত্রণ করার জন্য বিভিন্ন ক্ষমতার বল ব্যবহার করা হতো। তারপর সে উড়োজাহাজটিতে ডানার মতো দুটি পাখা আটকে দিল, যেগুলো বিদ্যুতের সাহায্যে চালিত হয় বলে সে জানাল। আমরা স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যে বসার পর সে একটি বোতামে চাপ দিল এবং পাখাগুলো ঘুরতে শুরু করল, যা প্রতি মুহূর্তে আরও দ্রুত থেকে দ্রুততর হতে লাগল। প্রথমে আমরা প্রায় ছয়-সাত ফুট উঁচুতে উঠলাম এবং তারপর উড়ে চললাম। আর আমরা যে চলতে শুরু করেছি তা বুঝে ওঠার আগেই আমরা রানির বাগানে পৌঁছে গেলাম। আমার বন্ধু যন্ত্রটির ক্রিয়া বিপরীতমুখী করে উড়োজাহাজটিকে নিচে নামিয়ে আনল, এবং যানটি মাটি স্পর্শ করা মাত্রই যন্ত্রটি বন্ধ হয়ে গেল আর আমরা বাইরে নেমে এলাম। I had seen from the air-car the Queen walking on a garden path with her little daughter (who was four years old) and her maids of honour. ‘Halloo! You here!’ cried the Queen addressing Sister Sara. I was introduced to Her Royal Highness and was received by her cordially without any ceremony. I was very much delighted to make her acquaintance. In the course of the conversation I had with her, the Queen told me that she had no objection to permitting her subjects to trade with other countries. ‘But,’ she continued, ‘no trade was possible with countries where the women were kept in the zenanas and so unable to come and trade with us. Men, we find, are rather of lower morals and so we do not like dealing with them. We do not covet other people’s land, we do not fight for a piece of diamond though it may be a thousand-fold brighter than the Koh-i-Noor, nor do we grudge a ruler his Peacock Throne. We dive deep into the ocean of knowledge and try to find out the precious gems, which nature has kept in store for us. We enjoy nature’s gifts as much as we can.’ After taking leave of the Queen, I visited the famous universities, and was shown some of their manufactories, laboratories and observatories. After visiting the above places of interest we got again into the air-car, but as soon as it began moving, I somehow slipped down and the fall startled me out of my dream. And on opening my eyes, I found myself in my own bedroom still lounging in the easy-chair! (1905) Glossary Bustling: Full of energetic and noisy activity; busy and lively. Boudoir: A woman’s private sitting room or bedroom. Conveyances: Means of transporting people or goods; vehicles. Ejaculate: Say something quickly and suddenly. Sagacious: Having keen mental discernment and good judgment; wise. Covet: To desire something very strongly, often something that belongs to someone else. আমি আকাশযান থেকেই রানিকে তাঁর চার বছর বয়সী ছোট্ট মেয়ে এবং সহচরীদের নিয়ে বাগানের পথ ধরে হাঁটতে দেখেছিলাম। ‘ওহে! তুমি এখানে!’ সিস্টার সারাকে সম্বোধন করে রানি ডেকে উঠলেন। মহামান্য রানির সাথে আমাকে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেওয়া হলো এবং কোনো আনুষ্ঠানিকতা ছাড়াই তিনি আমাকে অত্যন্ত আন্তরিকতার সাথে গ্রহণ করলেন। তাঁর সাথে পরিচিত হতে পেরে আমি অত্যন্ত আনন্দিত হলাম। কথোপকথনের একপর্যায়ে রানি আমাকে জানালেন যে, অন্য দেশের সাথে তাঁর প্রজাদের বাণিজ্য করার অনুমতি দিতে তাঁর কোনো আপত্তি নেই। ‘কিন্তু,’ তিনি বলে চললেন, ‘যেসব দেশে নারীদের জনানামহলে বন্দি রাখা হয় এবং যার ফলে তারা আমাদের সাথে এসে বাণিজ্য করতে পারে না, সেসব দেশের সাথে তো কোনো বাণিজ্য করা সম্ভব নয়। আমরা দেখেছি, পুরুষদের নৈতিকতা কিছুটা নিচু মানের, তাই তাদের সাথে লেনদেন করা আমাদের পছন্দ নয়। আমরা অন্যের জমির প্রতি লোভ করি না, কোহিনূরের চেয়ে হাজার গুণ উজ্জ্বল একখণ্ড হীরের জন্যও আমরা যুদ্ধ করি না, কিংবা কোনো শাসকের ময়ূর সিংহাসন নিয়ে আমাদের কোনো ঈর্ষাও নেই। আমরা জ্ঞানের মহাসমুদ্রে ডুব দিই এবং প্রকৃতি আমাদের জন্য যে অমূল্য রত্নভাণ্ডার জমা করে রেখেছে তা খুঁজে বের করার চেষ্টা করি। আমরা প্রকৃতির উপহার যতটা সম্ভব উপভোগ করি।’ রানির কাছ থেকে বিদায় নিয়ে আমি বিখ্যাত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলো ঘুরে দেখলাম এবং সেখানকার কিছু কারখানা, গবেষণাগার ও মানমন্দির আমাকে দেখানো হলো। উক্ত দর্শনীয় স্থানগুলো পরিদর্শনের পর আমরা আবারও আকাশযানে উঠলাম, কিন্তু সেটি চলতে শুরু করা মাত্রই আমি কোনোভাবে পিছলে নিচে পড়ে গেলাম এবং সেই পতনের ধাক্কায় চমকে উঠে আমার ঘুম ভেঙে গেল। আর চোখ মেলে দেখি, আমি আমার নিজের শোবার ঘরে আরামকেদারায় এখনো হেলান দিয়ে শুয়ে আছি! (১৯০৫) শব্দকোষ (Glossary) Bustling (বাসলিং): চঞ্চল ও কোলাহলপূর্ণ; ব্যস্ত এবং প্রাণবন্ত। Boudoir (বুডোয়ার): নারীর ব্যক্তিগত বসার ঘর বা শোবার ঘর (খাসকামরা)। Conveyances (কনভেয়েন্স): মানুষ বা মালামাল পরিবহনের মাধ্যম; যানবাহন। Ejaculate (ইজ্যাকুলেট): হঠাৎ বা আকস্মিকভাবে কিছু বলে ওঠা। Sagacious (সাগেশিয়াস): প্রখর বিচারবুদ্ধি ও তীক্ষ্ণ দূরদৃষ্টিসম্পন্ন; বিজ্ঞ বা প্রজ্ঞাবান। Covet (কাভেট): অন্যের কোনো বস্তু বা বিষয়ের প্রতি তীব্র আকাঙ্ক্ষা বা লোভ করা। Study Questions 1. Write a short note on the main theme of the story. 2. What are the scientific achievements this story is based upon? Do you think they are accurate enough? Why do you think so? 3. Explain these two concepts: “Our religion is based on Love and Truth. It is our religious duty to love one another and to be absolutely truthful.” “We do not take pleasure in killing a creature of God, especially a human being.” Answers: Question 1 Write a short note on the main theme of the story. Answer: The main theme of Sultana’s Dream is women’s freedom, equality, education, and empowerment. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain presents an imaginary country called Ladyland, where women are educated, scientifically advanced, peaceful, and responsible for running the country. On the other hand, men are kept indoors in a place called Mardana, just as women were traditionally confined to the zenana. The story reverses the traditional roles of men and women to expose the injustice of restricting women’s freedom. It shows that women can successfully manage society, develop science, maintain peace, and contribute to national progress if they receive education and opportunities. The story also emphasizes reason, scientific knowledge, cooperation, love, truth, and peaceful living. Thus, Sultana’s Dream is both a feminist vision and a criticism of the social customs that deny women their rights. বাংলা অনুবাদ: প্রশ্ন ১: গল্পটির মূলভাব সম্পর্কে একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত নোট লেখো। উত্তর: সুলতানার স্বপ্ন গল্পের মূলভাব হলো নারীর স্বাধীনতা, সমতা, শিক্ষা ও ক্ষমতায়ন। রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেন লেডিল্যান্ড নামে একটি কাল্পনিক দেশের চিত্র তুলে ধরেছেন, যেখানে নারীরা শিক্ষিত, বৈজ্ঞানিকভাবে উন্নত, শান্তিপ্রিয় এবং দেশ পরিচালনার দায়িত্বে নিয়োজিত। অন্যদিকে, পুরুষদের মারদানা নামের একটি স্থানে ঘরের মধ্যে রাখা হয়, ঠিক যেভাবে প্রচলিত সমাজব্যবস্থায় নারীদের জেনানায় আবদ্ধ রাখা হতো। নারীদের স্বাধীনতা সীমাবদ্ধ করার অন্যায়কে তুলে ধরার জন্য গল্পটিতে নারী ও পুরুষের প্রচলিত ভূমিকা উল্টে দেওয়া হয়েছে। গল্পটি দেখায় যে নারীরা যদি শিক্ষা ও সুযোগ পায়, তাহলে তারা সফলভাবে সমাজ পরিচালনা করতে, বিজ্ঞানের উন্নতি ঘটাতে, শান্তি বজায় রাখতে এবং দেশের অগ্রগতিতে অবদান রাখতে পারে। গল্পটিতে যুক্তি, বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান, সহযোগিতা, ভালোবাসা, সত্যবাদিতা ও শান্তিপূর্ণ জীবনযাপনের ওপরও গুরুত্ব দেওয়া হয়েছে। তাই সুলতানার স্বপ্ন একই সঙ্গে নারীমুক্তির একটি কল্পিত আদর্শ এবং নারীদের অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিতকারী সামাজিক রীতিনীতির সমালোচনা। Question 2 What are the scientific achievements this story is based upon? Do you think they are accurate enough? Why do you think so? Answer: The story contains several remarkable scientific achievements. The women of Ladyland have developed a water balloon that can collect water from the atmosphere and help prevent rain, storms, and floods. They have also invented a device for collecting and storing solar heat. This stored energy is used for cooking and other purposes. The fields are cultivated with the help of electricity, which also provides power for other difficult work. Another important invention is the air-car, which uses electricity and hydrogen-filled balls to overcome gravity and move through the air. Ladyland also has advanced universities, laboratories, observatories, and scientific research centres. These inventions are not completely scientifically accurate according to modern scientific knowledge, because some of them are imaginary or greatly exaggerated. For example, collecting all atmospheric water to prevent rain and using hydrogen balls in the way described are not scientifically realistic as presented in the story. However, the scientific ideas are important because the author wrote the story in 1905, when many modern technologies were still developing. The inventions therefore represent her imaginative vision of how science could be used for human welfare, peace, and national development. বাংলা অনুবাদ: প্রশ্ন ২: এই গল্পটি কোন কোন বৈজ্ঞানিক সাফল্যের ওপর ভিত্তি করে রচিত? তুমি কি মনে করো এগুলো যথেষ্ট বাস্তবসম্মত? কেন মনে করো? উত্তর: গল্পটিতে বেশ কিছু অসাধারণ বৈজ্ঞানিক সাফল্যের কথা বলা হয়েছে। লেডিল্যান্ডের নারীরা একটি ‘ওয়াটার বেলুন’ আবিষ্কার করেছে, যার সাহায্যে বায়ুমণ্ডল থেকে পানি সংগ্রহ করা যায় এবং বৃষ্টি, ঝড় ও বন্যা প্রতিরোধে সহায়তা করা যায়। তারা সৌর তাপ সংগ্রহ ও সংরক্ষণ করার একটি যন্ত্রও আবিষ্কার করেছে। এই সংরক্ষিত শক্তি রান্নাসহ বিভিন্ন কাজে ব্যবহার করা হয়। বিদ্যুতের সাহায্যে জমিতে চাষাবাদ করা হয় এবং অন্যান্য কঠিন কাজেও বিদ্যুৎ শক্তি হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ আবিষ্কার হলো এয়ার-কার, যা বিদ্যুৎ ও হাইড্রোজেনভর্তি বলের সাহায্যে মাধ্যাকর্ষণ শক্তিকে অতিক্রম করে আকাশে চলাচল করে। লেডিল্যান্ডে উন্নত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, পরীক্ষাগার, মানমন্দির এবং বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণাকেন্দ্রও রয়েছে। আধুনিক বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞানের দৃষ্টিতে এসব আবিষ্কার সম্পূর্ণ বাস্তবসম্মত নয়, কারণ এগুলোর কিছু কাল্পনিক এবং কিছু অতিরঞ্জিত। যেমন, বায়ুমণ্ডলের সমস্ত পানি সংগ্রহ করে বৃষ্টি বন্ধ করে দেওয়া এবং গল্পে বর্ণিত পদ্ধতিতে হাইড্রোজেনের বল ব্যবহার করা বাস্তব বিজ্ঞানের দৃষ্টিতে সম্ভব নয়। তবে এসব বৈজ্ঞানিক ধারণা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, কারণ লেখিকা ১৯০৫ সালে গল্পটি লিখেছিলেন, যখন আধুনিক প্রযুক্তির অনেক কিছুই তখনো বিকাশের পর্যায়ে ছিল। তাই এসব আবিষ্কারকে মানুষের কল্যাণ, শান্তি ও দেশের উন্নয়নে বিজ্ঞান ব্যবহারের লেখিকার কল্পনাশক্তির প্রকাশ হিসেবে দেখা যায়। Question 3 Explain these two concepts: “Our religion is based on Love and Truth. It is our religious duty to love one another and to be absolutely truthful.” “We do not take pleasure in killing a creature of God, especially a human being.” Answer: The first statement shows that the people of Ladyland believe that love, truthfulness, and mutual respect are the foundations of a good society. Their religion does not focus merely on rituals; instead, it teaches people to care for one another and to be honest in their words and actions. The statement also reflects the peaceful nature of Ladyland. People do not seek conflict or harm others. They value cooperation and social harmony. The author suggests that if people genuinely practise love and truth, society can become more peaceful, just, and humane. The second statement expresses the value of human life and non-violence. The women of Ladyland do not believe that killing should be used as a form of punishment. Instead, when someone lies or seriously violates their principles, the person may be excluded from their society, and sincere repentance can lead to forgiveness. The statement also connects with the story’s wider message of peaceful conflict resolution. Ladyland does not depend on violence or military strength for its progress. The author presents knowledge, science, morality, and intelligence as better alternatives to violence. বাংলা অনুবাদ: প্রশ্ন ৩: নিচের দুটি ধারণা ব্যাখ্যা করো: “আমাদের ধর্ম ভালোবাসা ও সত্যের ওপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত। একে অপরকে ভালোবাসা এবং সম্পূর্ণ সত্যবাদী হওয়া আমাদের ধর্মীয় কর্তব্য।” “আমরা সৃষ্টিকর্তার কোনো সৃষ্টিকে, বিশেষ করে কোনো মানুষকে হত্যা করে আনন্দ পাই না।” উত্তর: প্রথম বক্তব্যটি দেখায় যে লেডিল্যান্ডের মানুষ বিশ্বাস করে, ভালোবাসা, সত্যবাদিতা ও পারস্পরিক শ্রদ্ধা একটি সুন্দর সমাজের ভিত্তি। তাদের ধর্ম কেবল ধর্মীয় আচার-অনুষ্ঠানের মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ নয়; বরং এটি মানুষকে একে অপরের প্রতি যত্নশীল হতে এবং কথা ও কাজে সৎ থাকতে শিক্ষা দেয়। এই বক্তব্য লেডিল্যান্ডের শান্তিপূর্ণ চরিত্রকেও তুলে ধরে। সেখানকার মানুষ সংঘাত সৃষ্টি করতে বা অন্যের ক্ষতি করতে চায় না। তারা সহযোগিতা ও সামাজিক সম্প্রীতিকে গুরুত্ব দেয়। লেখিকা বোঝাতে চেয়েছেন যে মানুষ যদি সত্যিকার অর্থে ভালোবাসা ও সত্যকে অনুসরণ করে, তাহলে সমাজ আরও শান্তিপূর্ণ, ন্যায়ভিত্তিক ও মানবিক হয়ে উঠতে পারে। দ্বিতীয় বক্তব্যটি মানবজীবনের মূল্য ও অহিংসার আদর্শ প্রকাশ করে। লেডিল্যান্ডের নারীরা শাস্তি হিসেবে হত্যাকে গ্রহণ করে না। বরং কেউ মিথ্যা বললে বা তাদের নীতির গুরুতর লঙ্ঘন করলে তাকে সমাজ থেকে বহিষ্কার করা হয় এবং সে আন্তরিকভাবে অনুতপ্ত হলে তাকে ক্ষমা করা যেতে পারে। এই বক্তব্যটি গল্পের শান্তিপূর্ণভাবে সমস্যার সমাধানের বৃহত্তর ধারণার সঙ্গেও সম্পর্কিত। লেডিল্যান্ড তার উন্নতির জন্য সহিংসতা বা সামরিক শক্তির ওপর নির্ভর করে না। লেখিকা জ্ঞান, বিজ্ঞান, নৈতিকতা ও বুদ্ধিমত্তাকে সহিংসতার তুলনায় অধিক কার্যকর বিকল্প হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করেছেন। Sultana’s Dream Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain Detailed Summary Sultana’s Dream is a feminist utopian story by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain. It presents an imaginary country called Ladyland, where women are educated, independent, peaceful, and scientifically advanced. The story begins when Sultana falls asleep while thinking about the condition of Indian women and dreams that she has entered Ladyland. In Ladyland, Sultana is surprised to see that there are no men in the streets. Sister Sara explains that men are kept indoors in the Mardana, just as women are traditionally confined to the zenana. This reversal of social roles makes Sultana understand the injustice of keeping women confined while allowing men complete freedom. Sister Sara tells Sultana that the progress of Ladyland began when their young Queen encouraged female education. Schools and universities were established for women, early marriage was stopped, and women became involved in scientific research. They invented a water balloon to collect water from the atmosphere and a device to collect and store solar heat. Electricity was also used for agriculture and other difficult work. When the men of Ladyland were busy increasing their military power, they mocked the scientific achievements of women. Later, a neighbouring country attacked Ladyland. The men failed to defend the country, but the women used their scientific knowledge and concentrated solar heat to defeat the enemy without depending on traditional weapons. Ladyland is also shown as a peaceful and morally disciplined society. Its religion is based on Love and Truth. People value human life and do not use death as a punishment. Crime is almost unknown. The people use science to control rainwater, prevent floods and storms, improve agriculture, and make their lives comfortable. The Queen dreams of turning the whole country into a beautiful garden. Sultana finally meets the wise Queen and visits the universities, laboratories, factories, and observatories. She learns that the people of Ladyland do not desire other countries’ land or wealth; they prefer to explore knowledge and enjoy nature’s gifts. At the end, Sultana falls from the air-car and suddenly wakes up in her own bedroom. She realizes that her visit to Ladyland was a dream. বাংলা অনুবাদ সুলতানার স্বপ্ন রোকেয়া সাখাওয়াত হোসেনের একটি নারীবাদী আদর্শ সমাজভিত্তিক গল্প। এতে লেডিল্যান্ড নামে একটি কাল্পনিক দেশের চিত্র তুলে ধরা হয়েছে, যেখানে নারীরা শিক্ষিত, স্বাধীন, শান্তিপ্রিয় এবং বৈজ্ঞানিকভাবে উন্নত। গল্পের শুরুতে সুলতানা ভারতীয় নারীদের অবস্থা নিয়ে ভাবতে ভাবতে ঘুমিয়ে পড়েন এবং স্বপ্নে নিজেকে লেডিল্যান্ডে দেখতে পান। লেডিল্যান্ডে সুলতানা বিস্মিত হয়ে দেখেন যে রাস্তায় কোনো পুরুষ নেই। সিস্টার সারা তাঁকে জানান যে পুরুষদের মারদানা নামের একটি স্থানে ঘরের মধ্যে রাখা হয়, ঠিক যেমন প্রচলিত সমাজে নারীদের জেনানায় আবদ্ধ রাখা হয়। নারী ও পুরুষের সামাজিক ভূমিকার এই পরিবর্তনের মাধ্যমে সুলতানা বুঝতে পারেন যে নারীদের আবদ্ধ রেখে পুরুষদের সম্পূর্ণ স্বাধীনতা দেওয়া কতটা অন্যায়। সিস্টার সারা জানান যে তাদের তরুণ রানি নারীশিক্ষাকে উৎসাহিত করার পর থেকেই লেডিল্যান্ডের উন্নতি শুরু হয়। নারীদের জন্য বিদ্যালয় ও বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়, বাল্যবিবাহ বন্ধ করা হয় এবং নারীরা বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণায় যুক্ত হয়। তারা বায়ুমণ্ডল থেকে পানি সংগ্রহের জন্য একটি ‘ওয়াটার বেলুন’ এবং সৌর তাপ সংগ্রহ ও সংরক্ষণের একটি যন্ত্র আবিষ্কার করে। কৃষিকাজ ও অন্যান্য কঠিন কাজেও বিদ্যুৎ ব্যবহার করা হয়। লেডিল্যান্ডের পুরুষেরা যখন সামরিক শক্তি বৃদ্ধিতে ব্যস্ত ছিল, তখন তারা নারীদের বৈজ্ঞানিক সাফল্যকে উপহাস করত। পরে একটি প্রতিবেশী দেশ লেডিল্যান্ড আক্রমণ করে। পুরুষেরা দেশ রক্ষায় ব্যর্থ হলেও নারীরা তাদের বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান ও কেন্দ্রীভূত সৌর তাপ ব্যবহার করে প্রচলিত অস্ত্রের ওপর নির্ভর না করেই শত্রুকে পরাজিত করে। লেডিল্যান্ডকে একটি শান্তিপূর্ণ ও নৈতিকভাবে নিয়ন্ত্রিত সমাজ হিসেবেও দেখানো হয়েছে। তাদের ধর্ম ভালোবাসা ও সত্যের ওপর প্রতিষ্ঠিত। তারা মানবজীবনকে মূল্য দেয় এবং শাস্তি হিসেবে মৃত্যুদণ্ড ব্যবহার করে না। সেখানে অপরাধ প্রায় নেই বললেই চলে। মানুষ বিজ্ঞান ব্যবহার করে বৃষ্টির পানি নিয়ন্ত্রণ, বন্যা ও ঝড় প্রতিরোধ, কৃষির উন্নতি এবং জীবনযাত্রাকে আরামদায়ক করে তোলে। রানি সমগ্র দেশকে একটি সুন্দর বাগানে পরিণত করার স্বপ্ন দেখেন। শেষ পর্যন্ত সুলতানা জ্ঞানী রানির সঙ্গে দেখা করেন এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, পরীক্ষাগার, কারখানা ও মানমন্দির পরিদর্শন করেন। তিনি জানতে পারেন যে লেডিল্যান্ডের মানুষ অন্য দেশের জমি বা সম্পদ দখল করতে চায় না; তারা বরং জ্ঞান অন্বেষণ করতে এবং প্রকৃতির দান উপভোগ করতে চায়। শেষে সুলতানা এয়ার-কার থেকে পড়ে যান এবং হঠাৎ তাঁর ঘুম ভেঙে যায়। তিনি বুঝতে পারেন যে লেডিল্যান্ডে তাঁর ভ্রমণ আসলে একটি স্বপ্ন ছিল। Theme The theme of Sultana’s Dream is women’s emancipation through education, freedom, science, and equal opportunities. Rokeya criticizes the social system that confines women to the home and denies them their natural rights. By placing men in the Mardana and allowing women to run the country, she reverses the traditional social order and exposes its unfairness. The story also highlights the importance of education and scientific knowledge. The educated women of Ladyland use science to improve their society, protect their country, and make life easier. The story further promotes peace, truth, love, morality, and cooperation instead of violence and military power. Thus, Ladyland represents Rokeya’s dream of an ideal society where women are free to develop their abilities and contribute equally to the progress of society. বাংলা অনুবাদ সুলতানার স্বপ্ন গল্পের প্রধান মূলভাব হলো শিক্ষা, স্বাধীনতা, বিজ্ঞান ও সমান সুযোগের মাধ্যমে নারীমুক্তি। রোকেয়া সেই সামাজিক ব্যবস্থার সমালোচনা করেছেন, যে ব্যবস্থা নারীদের ঘরের মধ্যে আবদ্ধ রাখে এবং তাদের স্বাভাবিক অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করে। পুরুষদের মারদানায় আবদ্ধ রেখে নারীদের দেশ পরিচালনার সুযোগ দেওয়ার মাধ্যমে তিনি প্রচলিত সামাজিক ব্যবস্থাকে উল্টে দিয়েছেন এবং এর বৈষম্যকে স্পষ্ট করেছেন। গল্পটিতে শিক্ষা ও বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞানের গুরুত্বও তুলে ধরা হয়েছে। লেডিল্যান্ডের শিক্ষিত নারীরা বিজ্ঞানকে কাজে লাগিয়ে সমাজের উন্নতি করে, দেশকে রক্ষা করে এবং মানুষের জীবনকে সহজ ও আরামদায়ক করে তোলে। গল্পটি সহিংসতা ও সামরিক শক্তির পরিবর্তে শান্তি, সত্য, ভালোবাসা, নৈতিকতা ও সহযোগিতার ওপরও গুরুত্ব দেয়। সুতরাং, লেডিল্যান্ড হলো রোকেয়ার একটি আদর্শ সমাজের স্বপ্নের প্রতীক, যেখানে নারীরা স্বাধীনভাবে নিজেদের যোগ্যতা বিকাশ করতে পারে এবং সমাজের অগ্রগতিতে পুরুষদের সমানভাবে অবদান রাখতে পারে।

SSC English English 2nd Paper Exam Strategies https://www.babarenglish.com/exam-strategies-ssc-english-2nd-paper Exam Strategy and Its Importance Success in examinations depends on proper strategy, discipline, and regular preparation. Every student needs strong exam fitness to achieve good results. Students should study regularly from the beginning of the academic year. Consistent study helps in deep learning. They should focus on understanding lessons instead of memorizing. Preparing their own notes is important, as it helps them write unique answers. Regular revision keeps lessons fresh and strengthens memory. Before the examination, students must check exam dates, times, and necessary materials carefully to avoid confusion and stress. Inside the Examination Hall In the examination hall, students should first go through the entire question paper carefully before starting to write. This helps them understand the pattern and difficulty level. They should also take mental preparation to attempt all questions. While reading the questions, it is useful to underline or identify key words, so that answers remain focused and relevant. Students should start with easier questions and manage time properly. During writing, answers should be clear, relevant, and to the point. They should avoid unnecessary details. A ‘halfway check’ is important during writing to ensure they are on the right track. Special care should be given to handwriting, which must be neat and legible so that the examiner can read it easily. Proper spacing and correct numbering also improve presentation. Students should try to attempt all questions, even if they are not fully sure, because partial answers can still earn marks. They should not spend too much time on one question. At the end, students must revise their answer script, checking for mistakes and ensuring no question is left unanswered. In conclusion, exam fitness helps a student perform well in the examination hall, which ultimately leads to success. Exam Strategies SSC Examination-2027 English 2nd Paper Mark Distribution Focus: Mark Distribution of SSC Exam 2027 (Short Syllabus) Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 100 Detailed Mark Distribution Category Marks Test Items Test Marks Part A: Grammar 60 01. Gap Filling with Clues 1×10=10 02. Substitution Table 1×5=05 03. Right form of Verbs 1×10=10 04. Changing Sentences (Affirmative, Negative, Assertive, Interrogative, Exclamatory, Simple, Complex, Compound) 1×10=10 05. Tag Questions 1×5=05 06. Suffixes and Prefixes 1×5=05 07. Preposition I×5=05 08. Connectors/Linking Words 1×5=05 09. Punctuation & Capitalization 1×5=05 Part B: Writing 40 10. Writing Paragraph 10 11. Writing - E-mail/Letter/ Application 10 12. Writing Short composition 20 How to approach questions in English 2nd paper and achieve very good score Primary Writing Strategy (Very Important) In the exam hall: Start with the easiest grammar questions → build confidence. Never stay stuck on one question for more than 2–3 minutes. Write only what is required (no extra words, no explanations). Keep your answers clean, short, and correct. 📘 Part-A: Grammar (How to Answer Each Question) Question-1 Gap Filling Activities- With Clues Strategies: How to Answer Read the words given in boxes first Read the whole passage once quickly. Go blank by blank: Look at word before + word after Ask: Is it preposition? → (to, of, on) Is it article? → (a, an, the) What parts of speech is needed? –(Noun, Pronoun, Adj, Verb, Adv. Conjunction or Interjection) 5. Write only the correct word form 6. Remember that you can use any word which may fit in the gap but give special attention to the form of the word. 7. You are usually allowed to use one word only. 8. You may need to use one word more than once 9. After writing read the sentence again to check whether chosen word makes senses/grammatically fits in the gap. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Always write the answers downward. 3. You can write like- (a)developed (b) in (c) happy …… ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t write full sentence Don’t guess randomly Don’t forget to change verb form if required Question 2 Substitution Table / Matching Strategies: 1. Read the all parts of the given table carefully (2 times) Take one subject → match correct verb → match correct ending Make complete sentence 4. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) Check: Does it make sense? Is tense correct? Is it grammatically correct 6. Give special attention to first column 7. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-2” Answer: Hamlet was the prince of Denmark. His father died suddenly. ……… ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t mix parts randomly Don’t leave sentence incomplete Don’t ignore tense Question 3 Right forms of Verbs Strategies: Read the words given in boxes first 2. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times). 3. Determine the tense of the passage and write the appropriate form of the verbs. 4. Use the negatives where necessary. 5. Use Active/ passive form of the verbs depending on the subject is doer or receiver of the action. 6. Write the answers 7. Re-read the passage using the form of the verbs to see whether your words sound reasonable in the context How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing … ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t mix past & present Don’t use wrong verb form Don’t ignore passive Question 4 Changing Sentence Strategies: 1. At first read the sentences carefully and notice the instruction in the bracket. 2. Sometimes all the sentences are given on the same topic, So your sentences should also match the theme. 3. Write only the answers. 4. Don’t get stuck in one question rather move forward and attempt the next question. Later you can come back and write answer of the remaining ones. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) Everyone wants to be happy. (b) ….. (c) ….. … …………. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t change meaning Don’t use wrong structure Don’t forget auxiliary Question 5 Tag Question Strategies: 1. At first read the given sentence carefully 2. Give special attention to the auxiliary verb used in the sentences. 3. Determine the tense and person of the sentences 4. Write the answer accordingly How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) They used to play football in the afternoon, didn’t they? (b) ….. (c) ….. … ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t use same polarity Don’t use wrong auxiliary Question 6 Prefix and Suffix Strategies: 1. Read the given passage very carefully (2 times). 2. Determine the person , tense and the theme of the passage. 3. Look at sentence → what type needed? a. noun / adjective / adverb 4. Write the answers adding prefix, suffix or both to the given words in the brackets. 5. Write only the answers 6. Read all answers to see whether they make sense in the context . How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” 2. You can write your answer like this: 3. You can write like- (a)developed (b) happily …… ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t change meaning wrongly Don’t make spelling mistake Question 7 Preposition Strategies: 1. At first read the given passage carefully 2. Give special attention to adjective and verb after which specific prepositions are used. 3. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions 4. You may use same preposition more than once 5. Determine what type of preposition can used in the given situation/context. 6. After writing read back to see whether the sentence makes sense or not. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) in (b) by (c) for ……… ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t translate from Bangla Don’t guess blindly Question 8 Linking Words/Connectors Strategies: 1. At first read the given passage carefully 2. Give special attention to subject, the sequence of ideas expressed in the passage. 3. Don’t write one answer after reading only one sentence or part of a sentence. 4. Determine what type of connectors can used in the given situation. 5. Decide relation: a. contrast → but b. cause → because c. result → so d. Reason ………………….. 6. After writing read back to see whether the sentence makes sense or not. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) because (b) which (c) ….. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t use random connector Don’t ignore meaning Question 9 Punctuation Strategies: 1. At first read the passage carefully (2 times) 2. Determine whether the given passage is written in direct or indirect speech. If the passage is in direct speech, Identify speaker and use the quotation mark accordingly. Don’t , forget to write the first letter of a sentence and start a proper noun with capital letter. 3. Rewrite the passage using punction marks. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. Rewrite the full passage with correct punctuation marks and capitalization where necessary. You can write like- “Do not worry about a few mistakes,” said the teacher. “You can learn a lot through your mistakes.” “Do we learn from our mistakes?” asked the boy. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t miss quotation marks Don’t forget capital letters ✍️ Part-B: Writing (How to Answer Properly) Question 10 Writing Paragraph Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) 4. Never write more than one paragraph. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. 7. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- stater, developer and concluding remark. 8. Start with topic sentence 9. Add 7–8 supporting ideas. 10. End with conclusion How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 3. Write the paragraph 4. Revise the paragraph once you have finished writing. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t write too long Don’t go off-topic Question 11 Formal Letter (Application) Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Underline the key words of the application. 3. Start writing from the beginning of the page. 4. Don’t write overleaf 5 .You may write across two pages, starting from the left page to the right, so both can be seen in a single view. 6. Always use formal language in application. 7. Use formal tone and academic vocabulary. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. Write the application starting from the beginning of the page. 3. You can use small hand writing to accommodate more words. 4. Revise the application once you have finished writing. (or) Informal Letters/Email Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 4. Draw an envelop with address at the end. Informat letter might be written in more than 1 pages How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. For Email You can write like this: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear…., ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t forget format Don’t use slang Question 12 Writing composition Strategies: 1. Start writing the composition from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write the Name of the composition(heading/title) 4. Write 4-6 paragraphs. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 250 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Maintain the key writing techniques for composition- stater, developer and conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-16” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 3. Write the composition ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t write without structure Don’t repeat same idea Final Exam Trick (Most Important) If confused → write simple correct answer Don’t try to be “fancy” Clean writing = better marks SSC English Final Suggestion for SSC English 1st & 2nd Papers English 1st Paper Suggestion Seen Comprehension (English 1st Q1&2) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Fill in the Blanks (English 1st - Q 3) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Unseen Comprehension (English 1st – Q4&5) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Matching (Eng.1st Q.6) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Rearranging (English 1st -Q.7) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Answering Questions from Poems(English 1st -Q.8) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Answering Questions from Stories (English 1st -Q.9) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Completing Story Suggestion (Eng 1st Q.10) for SSC 2026 Dialogue Suggestion (English 1st Q.11) for SSC 2026 English 2nd Paper Suggestion Composition (Eng 2nd Q.12 ) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Paragraph (Eng 2nd Q.10 )Suggestion for SSC 2026 Letters , Applications, Emails (Eng 2nd Q. 11) Suggestion for SSC 2026

SSC English English 1st Paper Exam Strategies https://www.babarenglish.com/exam-strategies-ssc-english-1st-paper Exam Strategy and Its Importance Success in examinations depends on proper strategy, discipline, and regular preparation. Every student needs strong exam fitness to achieve good results. Students should study regularly from the beginning of the academic year. Consistent study helps in deep learning. They should focus on understanding lessons instead of memorizing. Preparing their own notes is important, as it helps them write unique answers. Regular revision keeps lessons fresh and strengthens memory. Before the examination, students must check exam dates, times, and necessary materials carefully to avoid confusion and stress. Inside the Examination Hall In the examination hall, students should first go through the entire question paper carefully before starting to write. This helps them understand the pattern and difficulty level. They should also take mental preparation to attempt all questions. While reading the questions, it is useful to underline or identify key words, so that answers remain focused and relevant. Students should start with easier questions and manage time properly. During writing, answers should be clear, relevant, and to the point. They should avoid unnecessary details. A ‘halfway check’ is important during writing to ensure they are on the right track. Special care should be given to handwriting, which must be neat and legible so that the examiner can read it easily. Proper spacing and correct numbering also improve presentation. Students should try to attempt all questions, even if they are not fully sure, because partial answers can still earn marks. They should not spend too much time on one question. At the end, students must revise their answer script, checking for mistakes and ensuring no question is left unanswered. In conclusion, exam fitness helps a student perform well in the examination hall, which ultimately leads to success. SSC Examination-2027 English 1st Paper SSC 2026 English 1st Paper: Marks Distribution Part A: Reading (70 Marks) Q.No. Question Type Marks Calculation Total Marks 01 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) 1 x 7 07 02 Answering Questions 2 x 5 10 03 Gap Filling (Seen Passage) 1 x 5 05 04 Information Transfer (Unseen Passage) 1 x 5 05 05 Writing Summary (Unseen Passage) 10 x 1 10 06 Matching 1 x 5 05 07 Re-arranging Sentences 1 x 8 08 08 Answering Questions from Poems (5 out of 8) 2 x 5 10 09 Answering Questions from Stories (5 out of 8) 2 x 5 10 Part B: Writing (30 Marks) No. Question Type Marks Calculation Total Marks 10 Completing a Story 15 x 1 15 11 Writing a Dialogue 15 x 1 15 Grand Total 100 How to approach questions in English 1st paper and get good score Question-1 Multiple Choice Question Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. Locate the answer of the questions in the given passage and underline the key words. 3. Choose the answers in the light of the given text. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Then Write letter, number of the option then the word or phrase of the chosen option Example: (a)(iv) people to go abroad 3. Write all the answer vertically not the side by side Question -2 Short Answer Question Strategies: 1. At first read the questions locate the answers in the text. 2. Then write the answer according to the text. 3. Try to paraphrase ( re-write in your own words) the information given in the text. 4. You should not add any piece of information from outside of the given passage. 5. Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-2(a)” after finishing the first answer then write “Answer to the Question No-2(b)”…. Etc (You can write “Answer to the Question No-2” then simply write a,b,c,d,e before start writing the answer of the respective question) 2. Keep some space after each answer Question 3 Coze Test Without Clues Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times) 2. Write the answers 3. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words make sense in the context How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. You can write like- (a) ….. (b) ….. (c) …… … Question 4 Information Transfer Strategies: 1. Read the given passage very carefully (2 times) 2. Read the table with gaps carefully 3. Locate the answer in the passage 4. Take the words from the passage to fill in the blanks and see whether the completed sentence make sense or not. 5. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. 6. Give special attention to first row of the table 7. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-4” You can write like- (i) ….. (ii) ….. (iii) …… … Question 5 Summary Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Write only the key points in your own words. 3. Don’t add any information from outside. 4. Usually, examples and explanation are not written in summary. 5. Summary must be written in one paragraph. 6. Use impersonal tone in summary (don’t use I , we, you….) 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. Write the summary Question 6 Matching/ Table Strategies: 1. Read the all parts of the given table carefully (2 times) 2. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) 3. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. 4. Give special attention to Column A 5. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Answer: (a)+(iii)→(v)- Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man Question 7 Rearranging Strategies: 6. Read the story/text very carefully (2 times) 7. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) 8. See whether the arrangement seems a coherent one or not. 9. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-7” Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) Then write the whole story like this: Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Question-8: Answer Questions from Poems Strategies: First read the question carefully and understand what it asks (theme, speaker, feeling, message, etc.). Try to identify the general idea or emotion (e.g., nature, time, life, sadness, love). Recall the main concept of the poem, even if the poem name is not mentioned. Write the answer in your own words (paraphrase). Do not write irrelevant or extra information. Keep the answer short, clear, and to the point (4–5 sentences). Use simple expressions like: The poet expresses…, The speaker feels…, The poem highlights… How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-8(a)”, then continue for (b), (c), etc. (Or write “Answer to the Question No-8” and then write a, b, c, d, e separately) Write each answer in 4–5 sentences only. Maintain clear and simple language. Keep some space after each answer. Question-9: Answer Questions from Stories Strategies: First read the question carefully and identify who, what, and why. Recall the relevant part of the story (character, event, or reason). Focus on main events and causes, not the full story. Write the answer in your own words (paraphrase). Do not add any information outside the story. Answer especially “why” questions using cause and result. Keep the answer short and relevant (4–5 sentences). How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-9(a)”, then continue for (b), (c), etc. (Or write “Answer to the Question No-9” and then write a, b, c, d, e separately) Follow structure: Sentence 1 → Direct answer Sentence 2 → Reason Sentence 3 → Result/detail Use simple and correct English. Keep some space after each answer. Question 10 Story Compeltion Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Classic/Traditional story should be completed in a traditional way. ( e.g. The hare and the tortoise) 4. Creative story can be completed in your own way. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Must write Title/ heading 3. Write the given prompt and complete the story 4. Write the moral of the story in one sentence in separate paragraph at the end. Moral:................................................................................................................................ . Question No. 11: Dialogue Writing Topic Analysis Dear students, in the SSC examination, you are usually asked to write a dialogue based on a theme. An important point is that questions from previous years are often repeated.So, practicing theme-based dialogues and solving past questions will help you achieve maximum preparation in this section. Some Tricks Before writing a dialogue, you must imagine a background or situation. You should not start the conversation suddenly; it must begin naturally. If specific names are given in the question, you must use those names. If they mention ‘you and your friend you may write Myself and your friend’s name mentioned in the question Use a bit of imagination, and if suitable, include humour and wit to make it lively. Core Guidelines for Writing Dialogue Arrange ideas in a logical order, so that one idea follows another naturally. Use simple, natural, and spontaneous language. Sentences should be short and clear. Avoid bookish language; use spoken English style. Think about the topic and include arguments, reasoning, and different viewpoints. Use words appropriate to the age and character of the speakers. Ensure that all characters participate equally—no one should dominate the conversation. Use contractions to make it natural (e.g., did not → didn’t, am not → aren’t, shall not → shan’t). You may start sentences using question words like: who, what, why, how, when, which. Style & Planning Read the prompt very carefully. Make a quick plan before writing. Maintain the correct style: Semi-formal → between friends Formal → with teacher/headmaster Write according to the word limit (or manage time if not mentioned). How to Write a Good Dialogue Think about the topic and note key ideas or opinions. Arrange them in a logical sequence. Imagine the speakers clearly so they can speak naturally according to their character. Make the dialogue realistic, spontaneous, and conversational. Avoid stiff and bookish expressions; follow natural speech style. Things to Be Careful About (a) Do not let one character dominate the conversation. Keep it balanced and lively. (b) You may use occasional interruptions to make it realistic. (c) A speaker may sometimes answer a question with another question or anticipate it. (d) Use interjections (e.g., Oh!, Well!, My word!, How nice!) carefully, not excessively. (Avoid slang and inappropriate words.) Start the dialogue in an interesting way and end with a clear conclusion. Even though it is conversational, it must be grammatically correct English. Keep the dialogue short, relevant, and engaging. How to Write Answer in Exam Write: “Answer to the Question No-11” You may give a heading, e.g., “A Dialogue between Two Friends about Tree Plantation” Use proper punctuation: Write speaker’s name followed by a colon (:) After finishing, revise your dialogue carefully. SSC English Final Suggestion for SSC English 1st & 2nd Papers English 1st Paper Suggestion Seen Comprehension (English 1st Q1&2) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Fill in the Blanks (English 1st - Q 3) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Unseen Comprehension (English 1st – Q4&5) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Matching (Eng.1st Q.6) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Rearranging (English 1st -Q.7) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Answering Questions from Poems(English 1st -Q.8) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Answering Questions from Stories (English 1st -Q.9) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Completing Story Suggestion (Eng 1st Q.10) for SSC 2026 Dialogue Suggestion (English 1st Q.11) for SSC 2026 English 2nd Paper Suggestion Composition (Eng 2nd Q.12 ) Suggestion for SSC 2026 Paragraph (Eng 2nd Q.10 )Suggestion for SSC 2026 Letters , Applications, Emails (Eng 2nd Q. 11) Suggestion for SSC 2026

HSC Examination-2027 English 2nd Paper Test Items and distribution of marks Total marks 100 Grammar 60 Composition 40 Grammar test items marks 1 Gap filling activities without clues (for articles) 2 Gap filling activities without clues (for preposition) 5 3 Gap filling with clues ( Special uses : was born, have to/has to, would rather, had better, let alone, what if, as if, as soon as, what’s —- like, what does —- look like, introductory ‘there’ or ‘it’) 5 4 Completing sentences (use of conditionals, phrase, and clause) 5 5 Use of verbs (right form of verbs and subject verb agreement as per context) 5 6 Changing sentences ( change of voice, sentence types, degrees) 5 7 Narrative style (direct to indirect and vice versa) 5 8 Pronoun reference/ pronoun agreement 5 9 Use of modifiers 5 10 Use of sentence connectors 5 11 Use of synonym and antonym 5 12 Punctuation 5 Composition test items Marks 13 Formal letter / email 08 14 Report writing 08 15 Paragraphs 10 16 Free writing (200-250 words) 14 Question no-1 Article Write only the answers Write the answer in single column downward Question-2 Preposition- Gap Filling Activities Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap . 3. Remember that most of them might be appropriate preposition. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-2” 2. Always write the answers downward. 3. You can write like- (a)on (b) to (c) at …… Question -3 Gap Filling Activities ( Special of some phrases) Strategies: 1. At first read the options very carefully. 2. Try to determine which option will fit in the specific gaps 3. One word/phrase is used once only 4. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap 5. .Write only the answers How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a)have to (b) what’s it like (c) let alone …… Question-4 Completing Sentences Strategies: 1. Read all sentences from the beginning to the last. 2. Determine the topic or subject matter of the exercise. 3. Complete the sentences using preferably a clause or phrase according to the context. 4. Read the completed sentences again to see whether they make sense or not. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. Write the sentence which you are to complete. 3. Underline the portion that you have written. 4. You can write like- (a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick. (b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled. (c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it. …………. Question 5 Use of Verbs Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times). 2. Determine the tense of the passage and write the appropriate form of the verbs. 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the passage using the form of the verbs to see whether your words sound reasonable in the context How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing … Question 6 Changing Sentence Strategies: 1. At first read the sentences carefully and notice the instruction in the bracket. 2. Sometimes all the sentences are given on the same topic, So your sentences should also match the theme. 3. Write only the answers. 4. Don’t get stuck in one question rather move forward and attempt the next question. Later you can come back and write answer of the remaining ones. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) Everyone wants to be happy. (b) ….. (c) ….. … …………. ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t change meaning Don’t use wrong structure Don’t forget auxiliary Question- 7 Narrative Style Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully (2 times). 2. Determine the speaker, the person spoken to and tense and person of the given text. 3. Write the answer accordingly. 4. Put the inverted comma according to rule if you are to convert indirect to direct. 5. Read your full answer . How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. You can write your answer like this: Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they would cost three thousand taka. Question no-8 Pronoun Write the full paragraph and must underline the changes you have made to the paragraph Question 9 Modifiers Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Starting from the beginning read the hints given in the brackets. 3. After writing the answers, read the sentences back to examine whether sentences make sense. 4. Write only the answers. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) begging (b) to earn (c) landless … Question 10 Sentence Connectors Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Try to determine the topic and sequence of the actions. 3. You may use one connector twice. 4. After writing the answers, examine whether the connector sounds correct in the given gap 5. Write only the answers. 6. Remember, connectors are easy but confusing. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) In fact (b) But (c) Rather … Question-11 Synonyms and Antonyms Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. 2. Observe how the words are used in the text. 3. According to the text try to write the synonyms/antonyms. 4. When synonyms are written the meaning should remain similar. In case of antonyms the meaning might become opposite. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. You can write like- (a)great (b) easy (c) necessity … Question 12 Punctuation Strategies: 1. At first read the passage carefully (2 times) 2. Determine whether the given passage is written in direct or indirect speech. 3. If the passage is in direct speech, use the quotation mark accordingly. 4. Rewrite the passage using punctuation marks. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-12” 2. Rewrite only the answers. You can write like- “Do not worry about a few mistakes,” said the teacher. “You can learn a lot through your mistakes.” “Do we learn from our mistakes?” asked the boy. Writing Part Question 13 Formal Letter/Email (Application) Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Underline the key words of the application. 3. Start writing from the beginning of the page. 4. Don’t write overleaf. 5. Always use formal language in application. 6. Use formal tone and academic vocabulary. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-13” 2. Write the application starting from the beginning of the page. 3. You can use small hand writing to accommodate more words. Question 14 Report Writing Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write (heading/title) 4.Write your name , place date 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Students usually write paragraph 1-2 pages. 7. Write 2-4 paragraphs How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-14” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 3. Write the paragraph Question 15 Writing Paragraph Strategies: Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. Keep reasonable margin in all sides Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) Never write more than one paragraph. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- starter, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-15” Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. Write the paragraph Question 16 Writing composition Strategies: 1. Start writing the composition from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write the Name of the composition(heading/title) 4. Write 4-6 paragraphs. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 250 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Maintain the key writing techniques for composition- stater, developer and conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-16” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 1. Write the compostion ❌ What to Avoid: Don’t write without structure Don’t repeat same idea HSC Examination-2023 English 2nd Paper Question-1 Preposition- Gap Filling Activities Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap . 3. Remember that most of them might be appropriate preposition. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Always write the answers downward. 3. You can write like- (a)on (b) to (c) at …… Question -2 Gap Filling Activities ( Special of some phrases) Strategies: 1. At first read the options very carefully. 2. Try to determine which option will fit in the specific gaps 3. One word/phrase is used once only 4. After writing the answers , examine whether the preposition sounds correct in the given gap 5. .Write only the answers How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-2” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a)have to (b) what’s it like (c) let alone …… Question-3 Completing Sentences Strategies: 1. Read all sentences from the beginning to the last. 2. Determine the topic or subject matter of the exercise. 3. Complete the sentences using preferably a clause or phrase according to the context. 4. Read the completed sentences again to see whether they make sense or not. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write the sentence which you are to complete. 3. Underline the portion that you have written. 4. You can write like- (a) If we drink arsenic polluted water, we are sure to fall sick. (b) Surface water is safe when it is boiled. (c) Pond water is not safe as different types of filthy things are mixed with it. …………. Question 4 Use of Verbs Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times). 2. Determine the tense of the passage and write the appropriate form of the verbs. 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the passage using the form of the verbs to see whether your words sound reasonable in the context How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. Write only the answers. 3. Always write the answers downward. 4. You can write like- (a) happened (b) has been being done (c) will be doing … Question- 5 Narrative Style Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully (2 times). 2. Determine the speaker, the person spoken to and tense and person of the given text. 3. Write the answer accordingly. 4. Put the inverted comma according to rule if you are to convert indirect to direct. 5. Read your full answer . How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 2. You can write your answer like this: Answer: The ticket seller asked the stranger respectfully where he (S) liked to go. The stranger replied that he (S) liked to go to Cox's Bazar. The ticket seller asked the stranger how many tickets he (S) needed. He (S) replied that he (S) would buy five tickets. The ticket seller told him (S) to take those tickets. He (T) added that they would cost three thousand taka. Question 6 Modifiers Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Starting from the beginning read the hints given in the brackets. 3. After writing the answers, read the sentences back to examine whether sentences make sense. 4. Write only the answers. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) begging (b) to earn (c) landless … Question 7 Sentence Connectors Strategies: 1. At first read the passage with gaps very carefully. 2. Try to determine the topic and sequence of the actions. 3. You may use one connector twice. 4. After writing the answers, examine whether the connector sounds correct in the given gap 5. Write only the answers. 6. Remember, connectors are easy but confusing. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. Write only the answers. 3. You can write like- (a) In fact (b) But (c) Rather … Question-8 Synonyms and Antonyms Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. 2. Observe how the words are used in the text. 3. According to the text try to write the synonyms/antonyms. 4. When synonyms are written the meaning should remain similar. In case of antonyms the meaning might become opposite. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. You can write like- (a)great (b) easy (c) necessity … Question 9 Punctuation Strategies: 1. At first read the passage carefully (2 times) 2. Determine whether the given passage is written in direct or indirect speech. 3. If the passage is in direct speech, use the quotation mark accordingly. 4. Rewrite the passage using punctuation marks. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. Rewrite only the answers. You can write like- “Do not worry about a few mistakes,” said the teacher. “You can learn a lot through your mistakes.” “Do we learn from our mistakes?” asked the boy. Question 10 Formal Letter/Email (Application) Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Underline the key words of the application. 3. Start writing from the beginning of the page. 4. Don’t write overleaf. 5. Always use formal language in application. 6. Use formal tone and academic vocabulary. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write the application starting from the beginning of the page. 3. You can use small hand writing to accommodate more words. Question 11 Writing Paragraph Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 3. Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) 4. Never write more than one paragraph. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. 7. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- starter, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-11” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 3. Write the paragraph Question 12 Writing Paragraph Strategies: 8. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 9. Keep reasonable margin in all sides 10. Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading/title) 11. Never write more than one paragraph. 12. Write as many words as mentioned in the question( usually 200 words) if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 13. Students usually write paragraph 1-3 pages. 14. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- starter, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: 4. Write “Answer to the Question No-12” 5. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. 6. Write the paragraph

HSC Examination-2027 English 1st Paper How to approach questions in HSC English 1st paper and get good score HSC English 1st Paper Subject Code: 107 Total Marks: 100 Doing Well in the HSC English First Paper Exam Many students feel worried about the English exam for HSC. But if you practice with old exam questions and sample tests, it's not too hard to pass. Also, if you use some smart tricks in the exam hall, you can get a really good result. The HSC English First Paper exam is worth 100 marks in total. These marks are split into two main parts: Reading (Part 1), which is 60 marks, and Guided Writing (Part 2), which is 40 marks. To achieve a high score in the HSC English 1st Paper, candidates must deeply understand the marks distribution and apply targeted strategies for both the Reading and Guided Writing sections. Below is the official breakdown of the assessment format alongside professional strategies for maximizing your score Part A : Reading Comprehension (60 Marks) Q. No. Test Item / Question Type Marks Calculation Total Marks 1-A Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) 0.5 × 10 05 1-B Short Answer Questions 3.0 × 5 15 2 Information Transfer / Flow Chart 1.0 × 5 05 3 Summary Writing 1.0 × 10 10 4 Cloze Test with Clues (Unseen) 0.5 × 10 05 5 Cloze Test without Clues (Unseen) 1.0 × 10 10 6 Rearranging Sentences (Unseen) 1.0 × 10 10 Part B (Writing) Q. No. Test Item / Question Type Total Marks 7 Paragraph Writing 10 8 Story Writing 07 9 Letter / Email Writing 05 10 Interpreting Graph / Chart 10 11 Theme Writing 08 Question-1 A -Multiple Choice Question Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. Locate the answer of the questions in the given passage and underline the key words. 3. Choose the answers in the light of the given text. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Then Write letter, number of the option then the word or phrase of the chosen option Example: (a)(iv) people to go abroad Question -1-B Short Answer Question Strategies: 1. At first locate the answers in the text. 2. Then write the answer according to the text. 3. Try to paraphrase ( re-write in your own words) the information given in the text. 4. You should not add any piece of information from outside of the given passage. 5. Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1-B (a)……………………………………….. after finishing the first answer then write “ (b)……………………………………….. Etc Question 2 Information Transfer/Flow Chart Strategies: 1. Read the given passage very carefully (2 times) 2. Read the table with gaps carefully 3. Locate the answer in the passage 4. Take the words from the passage to fill in the blanks and see whether the completed sentence make sense or not. 5. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. 6. Give special attention to first row of the table 7. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” You can write like- (i) ….. (ii) ….. (iii) …… … Flow Chart A flowchart is essentially a visual representation of data, presented in the form of a picture with various information elements. Flowcharts can come in different types, such as a graph chart or a pie chart. Regardless of the type, each information element is represented in the form of shapes in the chart. Since flowcharts are data-rich, it is important to pay attention to the information presented in the flowchart. Flowcharts contain various indicators on the left, right, or bottom side. These indicators are highlighted with different colors or shades in the flowchart to indicate specific meanings. Similarly, the same colors or shades are incorporated into the flowchart to convey the intended message. To describe or explain a flowchart, all the scales need to be considered in terms of quantity or measurement. Even without a scale, an approximate number can be assumed based on visual estimation. For Flow Chart, first of all, the students should choose the objectives of a flow chart. The next thing to do is to decide on the start and end points. Once that is decided the students should break it down into multiple flows. While drawing, the students should keep it in their mind that a flow chart should be as simple as possible so that the readers make sense of the complex patterns and forces. For the sake of simplicity, detailed information is kept to a minimum leaving a framework upon which readers can later attach details as the patterns of events become clear. However, each flowchart's design is also determined by the nature of the text. Now, let's move on to describing a flowchart. To start, it is essential to understand what is being asked or what needs to be described. Only the information specifically mentioned in the flowchart should be written. In the description of the flowchart, begin by stating: "This description or information is presenting exactly what is mentioned in the question," or by merging the question's sentence into the first sentence. This way, we can clearly present the information and help visualize the data in the flowchart. Rules of Flow Chart 1. At first give a title. 2. Use 6 (six) rectangular/square boxes including the given box. 3. Boxes can be horizontal or vertical. 4. Use arrow sign between two boxes. 5. Use numeric letters serially in each box. 6. Start points with capital letters. 7. Start points according to the given box in the question. Question 3 Summary Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Write only the key points in your own words. 3. Don’t add any information from outside. 4. Usually, examples and explanation are not written in summary. 5. Summary must be written in one paragraph. 6. Use impersonal tone in summary (don’t use I , we, you….) 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write one third of the given passage. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write the summary Question 4 Coze Test With Clues Strategies: 1. Read the give clues very carefully 2. Read the given text at least 2 times 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 5 Coze Test Without Clues Strategies: 5. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times) 6. Write the answers 7. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 3. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 4. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 6 Rearranging Strategies: 1. Read the story/text very carefully (2 times) 2. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) 3. See whether the arrangement seems a coherent one or not. 4. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) Then write the whole story like this: Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Question 7 Paragraph Writing Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin at all sides 3. Must write the Name of the paragraph (heading) 4. Never write more than one paragraph. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 6. Students usually write more than 1-3 pages 7. Maintain the key writing techniques for paragraph- stater, developer and concluding remark. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. Write the name of the paragraph keeping equal space on both sides. Question 8 Story Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Classic/Traditional story should be completed in a traditional way. ( e.g. The hare and the tortoise) 4. Creative story can be completed in your own way. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. Must write Title/ heading 3. Write the given prompt and complete the story 4. Write the moral of the story in one sentence in separate paragraph. Question 9 Informal Letters/Email Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. For Email You can write like this: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear…., For letter writing follow the format of informal letter Question 10 Describing Graph Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin at all sides 3. Don’t need to write heading /title 4. Study the graph meticulously 5. Write the answer in three to four paragraphs 6. Never add extra information what is not mentioned in the graph. 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 8. Maintain the key writing techniques for describing graph- Introduction, Overview, Detail trend, Conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-10” 2. Write answer keeping equal space on both sides. Question 11 Theme Writing While appreciating a short story or poem, students should focus on identifying the theme. The length of the answer is secondary; what matters most is the underlying message. The theme of a text represents the author's core belief about life, which ultimately transcends cultural boundaries. Marks Distribution for HSC English 1st paper Total- 100 Subject Code-107 Test item Marks Part 1: Reading (60 Marks) A - Multiple choice questions .5×10 = 05 B-Short answer questions 3×´5 = 15 Information transfer/flow chart 1×´5 = 05 Summary writing 1´ ×10 = 10 Cloze test with clues (unseen) .5´ ×10 = 05 Cloze test without clues (unseen) 1×´ 10 = 10 Rearranging (unseen) 10 ​ Part 2: Guided Writing (40 Marks) 7.Paragraph Writing 10 8. Story Writing 7 9.Letter 5 10.Interpreting graph/chart 10 11.Theme Writing 8 Question-1 A -Multiple Choice Question Strategies: 1. Read the passage very carefully ( 2 times). 2. Locate the answer of the questions in the given passage and underline the key words. 3. Choose the answers in the light of the given text. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1” 2. Then Write letter, number of the option then the word or phrase of the chosen option Example: (a)(iv) people to go abroad Question -1-B Short Answer Question Strategies: 1. At first locate the answers in the text. 2. Then write the answer according to the text. 3. Try to paraphrase ( re-write in your own words) the information given in the text. 4. You should not add any piece of information from outside of the given passage. 5. Try to write at least two sentences for each answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-1-B (a)……………………………………….. after finishing the first answer then write “ (b)……………………………………….. Etc Question 2 Information Transfer/Flow Chart Strategies: 1. Read the given passage very carefully (2 times) 2. Read the table with gaps carefully 3. Locate the answer in the passage 4. Take the words from the passage to fill in the blanks and see whether the completed sentence make sense or not. 5. See whether the sentences make sense and grammatically correct. 6. Give special attention to first row of the table 7. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: Write “Answer to the Question No-2” You can write like- (i) ….. (ii) ….. (iii) …… … Flow Chart A flowchart is essentially a visual representation of data, presented in the form of a picture with various information elements. Flowcharts can come in different types, such as a graph chart or a pie chart. Regardless of the type, each information element is represented in the form of shapes in the chart. Since flowcharts are data-rich, it is important to pay attention to the information presented in the flowchart. Flowcharts contain various indicators on the left, right, or bottom side. These indicators are highlighted with different colors or shades in the flowchart to indicate specific meanings. Similarly, the same colors or shades are incorporated into the flowchart to convey the intended message. To describe or explain a flowchart, all the scales need to be considered in terms of quantity or measurement. Even without a scale, an approximate number can be assumed based on visual estimation. For Flow Chart, first of all, the students should choose the objectives of a flow chart. The next thing to do is to decide on the start and end points. Once that is decided the students should break it down into multiple flows. While drawing, the students should keep it in their mind that a flow chart should be as simple as possible so that the readers make sense of the complex patterns and forces. For the sake of simplicity, detailed information is kept to a minimum leaving a framework upon which readers can later attach details as the patterns of events become clear. However, each flowchart's design is also determined by the nature of the text. Now, let's move on to describing a flowchart. To start, it is essential to understand what is being asked or what needs to be described. Only the information specifically mentioned in the flowchart should be written. In the description of the flowchart, begin by stating: "This description or information is presenting exactly what is mentioned in the question," or by merging the question's sentence into the first sentence. This way, we can clearly present the information and help visualize the data in the flowchart. Rules of Flow Chart 1. At first give a title. 2. Use 6 (six) rectangular/square boxes including the given box. 3. Boxes can be horizontal or vertical. 4. Use arrow sign between two boxes. 5. Use numeric letters serially in each box. 6. Start points with capital letters. 7. Start points according to the given box in the question. Question 3 Summary Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given text very carefully. ( at least 2 times) 2. Write only the key points in your own words. 3. Don’t add any information from outside. 4. Usually, examples and explanation are not written in summary. 5. Summary must be written in one paragraph. 6. Use impersonal tone in summary (don’t use I , we, you….) 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write one third of the given passage. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-3” 2. Write the summary Question 4 Coze Test With Clues Strategies: 1. Read the give clues very carefully 2. Read the given text at least 2 times 3. Write the answers 4. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-4” 2. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 5 Coze Test Without Clues Strategies: 5. Read the given text very carefully. (at least 2 times) 6. Write the answers 7. Re-read the sentences to see whether your words sound reasonable in the contxt How to write answer: 3. Write “Answer to the Question No-5” 4. You can write like- (a) happen (b) see (c) amazing … Question 6 Rearranging Strategies: 1. Read the story/text very carefully (2 times) 2. Arrange the sentences roughly ( you can use pencil) 3. See whether the arrangement seems a coherent one or not. 4. If you are sure, write the final answer. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-6” Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) Then write the whole story like this: Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Question 7 Describing Graph Strategies: 1. Start writing the paragraph from the beginning of the page. 2. Keep reasonable margin at all sides 3. Don’t need to write heading /title 4. Study the graph meticulously 5. Write the answer in three to four paragraphs 6. Never add extra information what is not mentioned in the graph. 7. Write as many words as mentioned in the question if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. 8. Maintain the key writing techniques for describing graph- Introduction, Overview, Detail trend, Conclusion. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-7” 2. Write answer keeping equal space on both sides. Question 8 Story Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Classic/Traditional story should be completed in a traditional way. ( e.g. The hare and the tortoise) 4. Creative story can be completed in your own way. 5. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-8” 2. Must write Title/ heading 3. Write the given prompt and complete the story 4. Write the moral of the story in one sentence in separate paragraph. Question 9 Informal Letters/Email Writing Strategies: 1. Read the given prompt very carefully. 2. Make a plan for your writing. 3. Write as many words as mentioned in the question; if number of words is not mentioned write according to your allotment of time. How to write answer: 1. Write “Answer to the Question No-9” 2. For Email You can write like this: To: mim@yahoo.com Subject: describing the importance of physical exercise. Dear….,

Exam Strategies SSC SSC English English 1st Paper Exam Strategies SSC English English 2nd Paper Exam Strategies HSC HSC English 1st Paper Exam Strategies HSC English First Paper Exam Strategies HSC English 2nd Paper Exam Strategies HSC English 2nd Paper Exam Strategies

Short Marks Distribution Summary Section Topic Focus Marks Part 1 Reading & Understanding (Comprehension Test) 20 Part 2 Writing (Sentences, Situational, Paragraph, Letter, Essay) 40 Part 3 Grammar (Re-arranging, Wh-Questions, Articles, Verbs, Punctuation) 25 Part 4 Vocabulary (Changing Word Forms, Synonyms/Antonyms, Affixes) 10 Part 5 Translation (Bengali to English) 5 Total 100 Syllabus & Assessment Framework National University Course Target: BA/BSS/BSc Honours (Non-Credit) 2nd Year Paper Title: English (Compulsory) Paper Code: 221109 Total Marks: 100 Class Hours: 60 Exam Duration: 4 Hours I. Course Aims and Objectives The primary objective of this course is to develop students' English language skills, enabling them to benefit both personally and professionally. The curriculum integrates the four fundamental skills—listening, speaking, reading, and writing—to encourage superior and practical language use. II. Comprehensive Syllabus & Marks Distribution 1. Reading and Understanding (Comprehension Test) — 20 Marks Students are expected to read unseen passages commonly found in everyday life, such as newspapers, magazines, general books, and simple stories, to build familiarity with diverse language uses. · Answering Questions (6 Marks): Typically, two to three questions are set based on the passage. Answers must be creative and written in the student's own words; direct copying of sentences from the passage is strictly prohibited. Main Idea and Supporting Ideas (4 Marks): Students must identify the core theme (main idea/gist) and the ancillary or helping ideas (supporting ideas) that amplify the fundamental concept of the text. Word Meaning (5 Marks): Students will be given seven words from the passage and must answer any five. They are required to write the English meaning of the words and frame meaningful sentences in English using those given words. Writing Summary or Key Word (5 Marks): o Summary: Students must write a concise summary not exceeding one-third of the passage's length. The summary must assemble rational ideas centered around key words without quoting directly. Examples, analogies, and advisory statements must be avoided. o Key Word (Alternative): Identifying the core word or phrase around which a meaningful sentence is built. 2. Writing — 40 Marks · Sentence Construction (5 Marks): Tasks include writing correct sentences, completing incomplete sentences, or combining two or more sentences into one. In the exam, students are typically asked to correct 5 out of 7 incorrect sentences. Situational Writing (4 Marks): Students must draft one item from given options such as a Poster, Notice, Slogan, Memo, or Advertisement. Paragraph Writing or Newspaper Writing (8 Marks): o Paragraph: Focuses on structure, topic sentences, developing ideas, and writing a conclusion. Types include narrative, descriptive, expository, and persuasive, using techniques like listing, cause and effect, or comparison and contrast. o Alternatives: Reports, press releases, dialogues, or amplification. Letter or Resume Writing (8 Marks): o Formal/Informal Letters: Writing personal letters, letters to the editor, request letters, or complaint letters. o Resume/Job Application: Drafting a professional job application, which must include a Resume (Curriculum Vitae). Essay Writing (15 Marks): Students must write an essay focusing on generating ideas, outlining, formulating a thesis sentence, drafting introductions and conclusions, developing ideas, and revising/editing. 3. Grammar — 25 Marks Knowledge of grammar is tested through contextualized passages or standalone sentences. Students typically answer 5 out of 7 options for each segment. Word Order / Re-arranging (5 Marks): Organizing jumbled words to form sensible, grammatically correct sentences. Framing Wh-Questions (5 Marks): Creating questions using Wh-words (who, what, where, etc.) based on provided statements. Articles (5 Marks): Filling in the blanks of a short passage with appropriate articles. Right Form of Verbs & General Grammar (5 Marks): Applying rules related to tenses, subject-verb agreement, noun-pronoun agreement, conditionals, prepositions, infinitives, participles, and gerunds. Punctuation (5 Marks): Inserting correct punctuation marks and capitalization into an unpunctuated passage. 4. Developing Vocabulary — 10 Marks · Changing Word Forms (5 Marks): Changing a given root word into another part of speech (e.g., from verb to noun) and using the newly formed word in a sentence. · Antonyms & Synonyms OR Suffix & Prefix (5 Marks): Providing antonyms or synonyms for given words and framing sentences, or adding affixes to create new words. 5. Translation — 5 Marks · Bengali to English Translation: Translating a provided Bengali passage into English. Students must maintain the fluency, significance, and core meaning of the original text, strictly avoiding literal or word-for-word translation. 6. Speaking Skills (Integrated) · Note: This is integrated into classroom activities rather than the written exam. · Focuses on the English sound system, pronunciation skills, the IPA system, problem sounds, vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and lexical/syntactic stress. · Dialogue writing and oral practice are used to develop these speaking skills. Model Question Paper National University [BA/BSS/BSc (Hon's) 2nd Year; Exam.-2024 (Held in-22/10/2025)] ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Subject Code: 221109 Time: 3 hours; Full marks: 100 [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] 1. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow: Corruption spoils human character. It is one of the maladies worsening the society. Since her emergence in 1971, Bangladesh has been experiencing violence, terrorism and misrule. The country is beset with corruption and political turmoil. Bangladesh has been ranked as the world's most corrupt nation in the consecutive three years. Corruption has raised its ugly head in different sectors in the society. It is prevalent at every field of the society. Allegations of wide spread corruption are the daily news of newspapers and other news media. There is little debate concerning the negative impact of corruption in Bangladesh. While Bangladesh has made good progress in several areas of the development agenda, she continues to impede her development potentials. The country has made notable advancement in meeting a combination of development challenges. The government, past and present, have totally failed to stamp out corruption. It is the use of public resources for private purpose. It is like termite nibbling at the structure of the society. In the case of Bangladesh, corruption and the misrule of the political parties and regime changes through military take overs ostensibly to root out corruption have impeded the progress of a democratic political system. (a) Write answers to the following questions (2 x 3 = 6): (i) What is corruption? (ii) What are the negative impacts of corruption in Bangladesh? (iii) What are the daily news of newspapers and other news media? (b) What is the main idea and what are the supporting ideas of this passage? (4) (c) Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make sentences of your own with the given words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): violence, prevalent, widespread, impact, notable, structure, development. (d) Write a summary of the passage. (5) 2. Correct the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) He is angry with your conduct. (b) You drank a hot cup tea. (c) He was accused for murder. (d) She feels comparatively better today. (e) Stay here until I do not come. (f) One should do his duty. (g) Do you know where does he live? 3. Suppose, you are the Principal of 'X' college, Rangpur. Your students are not regular in their classes. Now write a notice to warn them to be regular in attending their classes. (4) Or, Write a poster to raise public awareness about the spread of corona virus across the country. 4. Write a paragraph on any one of the following (8): (a) Tolerance (b) Qualities of a good student (c) Mobile Phone 5. Write an application the Chairman of your Union Parishad for repairing a damaged bridge in your locality. (8) Or, Write a letter to your friend who has recently lost his/her father. 6. Write an essay on any one of the following (15): (a) Natural Calamities in Bangladesh (b) A Journey You Enjoyed (c) July Uprising-2024 7. Re-arrange the words to make sensible sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) He know you do who is? (b) letter receive your to very am I glad (c) Warfare skilled he was in (d) Our of the country hot climate is (e) good vegetables for green are health (f) Wrong he that he done knew had. (g) a man demoralizes frustration 8. Frame Wh-questions from the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) I bought five books. (b) She goes to college on foot. (c) He looks like a hero. (d) I saw him in the park. (e) They are working hard for the country. (f) The office closes at 5 p.m. (g) Everybody wants to be happy. 9. Use articles in the gaps (1 x 5 = 5): Dhaka is (a)—big city. It is (b)—capital of Bangladesh. Once it was famous for Muslim in (c)—whole world. Now there are lots of attractive places for (d)—tourists. It is also (e)—city of mosques. 10. Use the right form of verbs in the following sentences (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) Charity (begin) at home. (b) He as well as his friends (be) selfish. (c) Why he (go) to market yesterday? (d) I wish I (buy) a car. (e) The rose (call) the queen of flowers. (f) It is high time we (serve) the nation. (g) He (be) absent for a week. 11. Punctuate and capitalize the following passage (5): William Shakespeare the monarch of world literature was born on April 12, 1564 in Stratford-on-avon his mother was mary Arden and his father was John Shakespeare he was not much educated he had little knowledge of grammar. 12. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) starve (Noun) (b) depend (Noun) (c) kindness (Adjective) (d) sure (verb) (e) independence (Adverb) (f) history (Adjective) (g) success (verb) 13. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words (any five) (1 x 5 = 5): (a) Ordinary (Antonym) (b) Completely (Synonym) (c) Brave (Antonym) (d) Help (Synonym) (e) Ignorant (Antonym) (f) Costly (Synonym) (g) Poverty (Antonym) 14. Translate the following passage in English (5): সততা একটি মহৎ গুণ। এই গুণ সম্পন্ন ব্যক্তি অত্যন্ত সম্মানিত। কেউ তাকে ঘৃণা করে না। এমনকি একজন অসৎ লোকও তাকে সম্মান না করে পারে না। একজন সৎ ব্যক্তি সবসময় মনের শান্তি অনুভব করতে পারেন। BA/BSS/BBS/B.Sc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam Marks Distribution BA/BSS/BBS/B.Sc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam Subject: English (Compulsory) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus Total Marks: 100 Marks Distribution Assessment Area Section / Content focus Marks Written Examination Part-A: Reading and Understanding 10 Part-B: Grammar (Answer any 5 questions) 20 Part-C: Writing (Answer any 5 questions) 50 Internal Assessment In-course: College-level evaluation 20 Total 100 Detail Marks Distribution & Syllabus Guidelines Part-A: Reading and Understanding (10 Marks) An unseen passage will be provided at the beginning of the question paper. Students must answer the following based on the passage: Answering Questions (4 Marks): Two to three questions will be set from the passage. Answers must be written creatively in the student's own words; direct sentences cannot be copied from the passage. Vocabulary or Summary (6 Marks): Students will face one of the following formats: Meaning of Word: Write the English meanings of given words from the passage and frame sentences in English. Key Word: Identify the central word or phrase that forms a meaningful sentence. Writing Summary: Write a summary not exceeding one-third of the passage length. Direct quotes, examples, and advice must be avoided, and concluding sentences should synthesize the core theme. Part-B: Grammar (20 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five of the following question types. Each question carries 4 marks (4 x 5 = 20). Word Transformation: Change given root words into specific parts of speech (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb) and create sentences with the newly formed words. Suitable Words: Fill in the blanks with grammatically accurate words, strictly adhering to rules of tense and sequence. 0r, Sentence Correction: Identify and rectify the grammatical errors in the provided sentences, applying rules for articles, voice, narration, prepositions, etc., without altering the entire sentence structure. Right Form of Verbs: Apply the correct verb forms based on subject-verb agreement, tense, and prepositional rules. or, Articles: Fill in the blanks of a short passage using appropriate definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) articles. Antonyms & Synonyms OR Suffix & Prefix: Write antonyms/synonyms and frame sentences, or attach prefixes/suffixes to root words to form new words and frame sentences. Framing Wh-Questions: Construct pronominal (who, whom, what, etc.) or adjectival (why, where, when, how) questions based on given statements. Re-arranging Sentences: Organize jumbled words into a logical, grammatically correct sentence structure. Punctuation: Insert appropriate punctuation marks and capital letters into an unpunctuated passage. Translation: Translate a Bengali passage into English. Literal, word-for-word translation is discouraged; the focus must remain on retaining the core meaning and proper English sentence structure. Part-C: Writing (50 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five questions. Each question carries 10 marks (10 x 5 = 50). Paragraph Writing: Write one paragraph from two provided topics. Report Writing: Draft a newspaper report on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Informal Letter: Write a personal letter (no alternative options provided). Formal Letter: Write a Resume, Application, or Job Application. Essay Writing: Write one essay from two provided topics. Amplification: Expand upon an idea or proverb (choose one from two options). Dialogue Writing: Compose a dialogue on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Situational Writing (10 Marks Total): Typically divided into two 5-mark segments covering Posters, Advertisements, Notices, Memos, or Slogans. Internal Assessment (20 Marks) In-course Exam: Conducted internally by the respective colleges. The final grading is calculated as 80% written examination and 20% in-course assessment, which is mandatory for both regular and private students. Model Question Paper Subject: ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus of 2017 Exam Session Reference: BA/BSS/BBS/BSc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam-2018; held on- 11.12-09-2019 Time: 3 hours and 30 minutes Full Marks: 80 Part-A (Marks- 10) 1. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below: According to Aristotle, tragedy is an imitation of an action. An action is the process of an individual from one position to another. In other words, an action consists of incidents and events; and the arrangement of these incidents and events is plot. As stated by Aristotle, a plot has a beginning, a middle and an end; and it is so well constructed that no incident can be omitted without destroying the unity of the whole. A plot which consists of a series of disconnected incidents is called episodic plot and it ranks the worst. According to Aristotle, plots are of two kinds: simple and complex. A simple plot is one which is single and continuous and in which the change of fortune comes about without a reversal or a discovery. A complex plot, on the other hand, is one in which the change of fortune is accompanied by a discovery or reversal or both. (a) Answer the questions below (4 Marks): (i) What is action? (ii) What is episodic plot? (iii) What is plot? (iv) How many types of plot has Aristotle mentioned here? (b) Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with the basic words (6 Marks): Position, Imitation, Omit, Whole, Simple, Change. Part-B (Marks- 20) (Answer any five questions; 4 × 5 = 20) 2. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words: Beauty (Adjective); Encourage (Noun); Great (Adverb); Power (Verb). 3. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences: (a) It is a pen _____ I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of _____. (c) He does not know how to _____. (d) I would _____ to use this car. 4. Use the right form of verbs within brackets: (a) I wish I (be) a poet. (b) It (be) raining for three days. (c) He (die) last night. (d) I saw two boys (swim) in the pond. 5. Write down the antonyms of the following words and make sentences with those antonyms: development; courage; good; black. 6. Frame Wh-questions from the following sentences: (a) He went to Dhaka to buy a car. (b) Shakespeare was a playwright. (c) He lives in London. (d) He went to India yesterday. 7. Re-arrange the following words to make sentences: (a) in sky the birds fly. (b) lives the grass cow on. (c) today well I not am. (d) for long I have known him a time. 8. Punctuate the following passage: the most Important of all the parts of a Tragedy is the structure of the Incidents Because Tragedy is an imitation not of men but of an action and life. 9. Translate the following passage into English: শিক্ষা অর্জন করা প্রত্যেক মানুষের জন্য ভীষণ জরুরি। শিক্ষা ছাড়া মানুষ উন্নতি করতে পারে না। শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তি সকলের কাছে প্রিয়। তাই আমাদের সকলের শিক্ষিত হওয়া উচিত। Part-C (Marks- 50) (Answer any five questions; 10 × 5 = 50) 10. Write a paragraph on any one of the following: (a) Price Hike; (b) Air Pollution. 11. Write a report for the newspaper on the abuse of mobile phone. 12. Write a letter to your younger brother on the importance of reading newspaper. 13. Write an application to the Principal of your college for a canteen in the college. 14. Write an essay on any one of the following: (a) A Journey by Train; (b) Birds of Bangladesh. 15. Amplify the idea (any one): (a) An empty vessel sounds much; (b) Tit for tat. 16. Write a dialogue between two friends about child labour. 17. (i) Write a poster creating awareness about the dangers of impure water. (ii) Prepare an advertisement for a new Shampoo. Model Question Solutions Part-A Solutions 1. (a) Comprehension Answers: (i) According to the text, an action is the process of an individual transitioning from one position to another. (ii) An episodic plot is a plot structure that consists of a series of disconnected incidents. (iii) A plot is defined as the specific arrangement of incidents and events within a narrative. (iv) Aristotle has mentioned two types of plots: simple and complex. 1. (b) Vocabulary & Sentence Construction: Position (Meaning: Location or status) - The manager offered her a senior position in the firm. Imitation (Meaning: The act of copying) - Art is often considered an imitation of real life. Omit (Meaning: To leave out) - Please do not omit any crucial details from your final report. Whole (Meaning: Entire or complete) - He read the whole novel in just one afternoon. Simple (Meaning: Uncomplicated or basic) - The instructions provided were very simple to follow. Change (Meaning: Alteration or modification) - A sudden change in the weather disrupted our travel plans. Part-B Solutions 2. Word Transformation: Beauty (Adjective) -> Beautiful: The scenery in the mountains is absolutely beautiful. Encourage (Noun) -> Encouragement: Employees perform better when they receive regular encouragement. Great (Adverb) -> Greatly: The scientific community was greatly impacted by his research. Power (Verb) -> Empower: The new initiative aims to empower local businesses. 3. Suitable Words: (a) It is a pen which (or that) I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of reading. (c) He does not know how to swim. (d) I would like (or love) to use this car. 4. Right Form of Verbs: (a) I wish I were a poet. (b) It has been raining for three days. (c) He died last night. (d) I saw two boys swimming in the pond. 5. Antonyms & Sentence Construction: Development -> Decline: The sudden economic decline affected many local industries. Courage -> Cowardice: The soldier was punished for his cowardice during the battle. Good -> Bad: Eating too much processed sugar is bad for your health. Black -> White: The company requires employees to wear a crisp white shirt. 6. Framing Wh-Questions: (a) Why did he go to Dhaka? (b) Who was Shakespeare? (c) Where does he live? (d) When did he go to India? 7. Re-arranging Sentences: (a) The birds fly in the sky. (b) The cow lives on grass. (c) I am not well today. (d) I have known him for a long time. 8. Punctuation: The most important of all the parts of a tragedy is the structure of the incidents, because tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and life. 9. Translation into English: Acquiring education is highly essential for every human being. Without education, a person cannot progress in life. An educated person is well-loved by everyone. Therefore, we should all become educated. Part-C Solutions (Exemplar selection) 10. Paragraph: (b) Air Pollution Air pollution is the introduction of harmful chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the Earth's atmosphere, leading to adverse effects on living organisms and the environment. In modern times, rapid industrialization, the proliferation of vehicles, and the burning of fossil fuels are the primary culprits behind this phenomenon. Toxic emissions such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides significantly degrade air quality, resulting in severe health crises like asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases among urban populations. Furthermore, air pollution contributes heavily to global warming, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion. To mitigate these catastrophic effects, it is imperative to enforce stricter environmental regulations on factories, promote the use of public transport and renewable energy, and launch massive afforestation campaigns to restore our natural air filtration systems. 13. Formal Application: Canteen in the College Date: September 25, 2026 To The Principal, [Insert College Name], [Insert City Name] Subject: Prayer for setting up a canteen in the college campus. Respected Sir/Madam, We, the students of your esteemed institution, beg most respectfully to draw your attention to a pressing issue we face daily: the absence of a proper canteen within our college premises. Due to continuous classes, practical sessions, and in-course examinations, students are required to stay on campus for extended hours. Without an on-campus facility, we are frequently compelled to consume unhygienic food from roadside vendors, which has led to numerous cases of food poisoning and gastrointestinal issues among the student body. A well-regulated college canteen would provide us with safe, hygienic, and affordable meals, while also serving as a proper resting area during off-periods, ultimately saving valuable academic time. We, therefore, sincerely pray and hope that you would be kind enough to take immediate and necessary steps to establish a canteen on the college campus and oblige thereby. Yours obediently, [Your Name] On behalf of the students of [Insert College Name] 17. Situational Writing (i) Poster WATER IS LIFE – DO NOT LET IT BE THE CAUSE OF DEATH! Beware of the hidden dangers of impure water. Boil or filter your water before drinking to prevent Cholera and Typhoid. Protect our rivers and ponds from industrial and household waste. Cover all stored water containers immediately. Act Now for a Healthier Tomorrow! Drink Safe, Stay Safe. (Issued in public interest by the Student Health Committee) (ii) Advertisement REVITALIZE YOUR HAIR WITH THE ALL-NEW AURA SILK SHAMPOO! Struggling with hair fall, split ends, and dullness? Discover the magic of Aura Silk Herbal Shampoo, packed with the natural goodness of Aloe Vera, Argan Oil, and Vitamin E! Reduces hair breakage by 85% in just 14 days! 100% free of harmful sulfates and parabens. Leaves your hair irresistibly smooth and radiantly shiny. Hurry! 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Paragraph Writing A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing at the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school, it was 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. Model Answer-2 A Farewell Function A farewell function is a very emotional and important day for students. The day I left my school for the SSC examination will always remain in my memory. We were the outgoing students, and the new class ten students arranged a beautiful farewell party for us. It was a Thursday afternoon. I went to the school at 3 p.m. and saw nice decorations made by the junior students. The program started with a touching speech by a junior student. He talked about our sweet memories and long relationship with the school. Then, on behalf of my class, I gave a short speech. I thanked them for their love, respect, and good wishes. After that, our senior teachers and the Headmaster gave their valuable advice for our future life. They told us to be honest, hardworking, and good human beings. Their wise words touched our hearts. Then, the junior students presented a nice cultural program. We sat quietly and enjoyed the beautiful songs and poems. During the program, they gave us packets of tasty snacks. We ate, talked, and laughed together for the last time as school students. Finally, the function came to an end. We took blessings from our dear teachers and said goodbye to our junior friends. When we were leaving the school gate, we felt very sad. We looked back at our beloved school where we spent the best and most important days of our lives. [একটি বিদায় অনুষ্ঠান ছাত্রছাত্রীদের জন্য একটি খুব আবেগপূর্ণ এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিন। এসএসসি পরীক্ষার জন্য যে দিন আমি আমার স্কুল ছেড়েছিলাম তা চিরকাল আমার স্মৃতিতে থাকবে। আমরা ছিলাম বিদায়ী ছাত্র, এবং নতুন দশম শ্রেণির ছাত্ররা আমাদের জন্য একটি সুন্দর বিদায় অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করেছিল। দিনটি ছিল বৃহস্পতিবার বিকেল। আমি বিকেল ৩টায় স্কুলে গিয়েছিলাম এবং দেখলাম ছোট ছাত্ররা সুন্দর সাজসজ্জা করেছে। ছোট একজন ছাত্রের হৃদয়স্পর্শী বক্তব্যের মাধ্যমে অনুষ্ঠানটি শুরু হয়। সে আমাদের মিষ্টি স্মৃতি এবং স্কুলের সাথে দীর্ঘ সম্পর্কের কথা বলে। তারপর, আমার ক্লাসের পক্ষ থেকে আমি একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত বক্তব্য দিই। আমি তাদের ভালোবাসা, সম্মান এবং শুভকামনার জন্য ধন্যবাদ জানাই। এরপর আমাদের প্রবীণ শিক্ষক এবং প্রধান শিক্ষক আমাদের ভবিষ্যৎ জীবনের জন্য মূল্যবান উপদেশ দেন। তারা আমাদের সৎ, পরিশ্রমী ও ভালো মানুষ হতে বলেন। তাদের জ্ঞানগর্ভ কথাগুলো আমাদের হৃদয় ছুঁয়ে যায়। এরপর ছোট ছাত্ররা চমৎকার একটি সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান পরিবেশন করে। আমরা চুপচাপ বসে সুন্দর গান ও কবিতাগুলো উপভোগ করি। অনুষ্ঠান চলাকালীন তারা আমাদের সুস্বাদু নাস্তার প্যাকেট দেয়। আমরা স্কুলের ছাত্র হিসেবে শেষবারের মতো একসাথে খেয়েছি, কথা বলেছি এবং হেসেছি। অবশেষে অনুষ্ঠানের সমাপ্তি ঘটে। আমরা আমাদের প্রিয় শিক্ষকদের কাছ থেকে আশীর্বাদ নিই এবং ছোট বন্ধুদের বিদায় জানাই। যখন আমরা স্কুলের গেট দিয়ে বের হচ্ছিলাম, তখন আমাদের খুব মন খারাপ লাগছিল। আমরা আমাদের প্রিয় স্কুলের দিকে ফিরে তাকালাম যেখানে আমরা আমাদের জীবনের সেরা এবং সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিনগুলো কাটিয়েছি।] Composition / Essay Writing A Farewell Function A farewell function is an important event in a student's life. It is a day of mixed feelings. The day I left my school to take the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination will always be remembered. We were the senior outgoing class, and the students of the new class ten arranged a wonderful farewell function for us. It was a day to remember our past and get ready for the future. [একটি বিদায় অনুষ্ঠান ছাত্রজীবনের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনা। এটি মিশ্র অনুভূতির একটি দিন। মাধ্যমিক স্কুল সার্টিফিকেট (এসএসসি) পরীক্ষায় অংশ নেওয়ার জন্য আমি যেদিন স্কুল ছেড়েছিলাম তা সবসময় মনে থাকবে। আমরা ছিলাম প্রবীণ বিদায়ী ব্যাচ, এবং নতুন দশম শ্রেণির ছাত্ররা আমাদের জন্য একটি চমৎকার বিদায় অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করেছিল। এটি ছিল আমাদের অতীতকে স্মরণ করার এবং ভবিষ্যতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হওয়ার একটি দিন।] The farewell party was arranged on a Thursday afternoon. I arrived at the school at 3 p.m. and saw that the host students had made excellent arrangements. The large school hall was beautifully decorated with colorful charts, flowers, and placards. The main table was nicely set with flowerpots for the Headmaster and the Inspector of Schools. There were many chairs arranged properly for the teachers, outgoing students, and junior students. [বিদায় অনুষ্ঠানটি বৃহস্পতিবার বিকেলে আয়োজন করা হয়েছিল। আমি বিকেল ৩টায় স্কুলে পৌঁছাই এবং দেখি যে আয়োজক ছাত্ররা চমৎকার ব্যবস্থা করেছে। স্কুলের বড় হলরুমটি রঙিন চার্ট, ফুল এবং প্ল্যাকার্ড দিয়ে সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো হয়েছিল। প্রধান শিক্ষক এবং স্কুল পরিদর্শকের জন্য প্রধান টেবিলটি ফুলের টব দিয়ে সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো ছিল। শিক্ষক, বিদায়ী ছাত্র এবং ছোট ছাত্রদের জন্য সঠিকভাবে অনেক চেয়ার সাজানো ছিল।] The program began with a very emotional speech by a junior student of class ten. He praised our class and mentioned our deep connection with the school. After him, I spoke on behalf of my class. I thanked the host party for their beautiful arrangements and good wishes. While speaking, I felt both happy and sad. I was sad to leave the lap of this great institution where I received education and training for my mind and body. [দশম শ্রেণির এক ছোট ছাত্রের অত্যন্ত আবেগপূর্ণ বক্তব্যের মাধ্যমে অনুষ্ঠানটি শুরু হয়। সে আমাদের ক্লাসের প্রশংসা করে এবং স্কুলের সাথে আমাদের গভীর সম্পর্কের কথা উল্লেখ করে। তার পর, আমি আমার ক্লাসের পক্ষ থেকে কথা বলি। আমি আয়োজকদের তাদের সুন্দর ব্যবস্থা এবং শুভকামনার জন্য ধন্যবাদ জানাই। কথা বলার সময়, আমি একই সাথে আনন্দ এবং বিষাদ অনুভব করছিলাম। আমি এই মহান প্রতিষ্ঠানের কোল ছেড়ে যেতে দুঃখিত ছিলাম যেখানে আমি আমার মন ও শরীরের জন্য শিক্ষা এবং প্রশিক্ষণ পেয়েছিলাম।] Following the student speeches, some of our senior teachers gave valuable lectures. They shared good advice for our future life. In the end, our respected Headmaster delivered a very powerful speech. He advised us to build a strong character. He also told us to serve our country with patriotism and become honest citizens. We listened to his wise words with deep respect. [ছাত্রদের বক্তব্যের পর, আমাদের কয়েকজন প্রবীণ শিক্ষক মূল্যবান বক্তৃতা দেন। তারা আমাদের ভবিষ্যৎ জীবনের জন্য ভালো উপদেশ দেন। শেষে, আমাদের শ্রদ্ধেয় প্রধান শিক্ষক একটি অত্যন্ত শক্তিশালী বক্তব্য রাখেন। তিনি আমাদের একটি শক্তিশালী চরিত্র গঠনের উপদেশ দেন। তিনি আমাদের দেশপ্রেমের সাথে দেশের সেবা করতে এবং সৎ নাগরিক হতে বলেন। আমরা গভীর শ্রদ্ধার সাথে তার জ্ঞানগর্ভ কথাগুলো শুনি।] After the speeches, a short cultural program started. We enjoyed the songs and poems in complete silence. Meanwhile, the junior students distributed packets of snacks. We ate, gossiped, and laughed together. Finally, the function came to an end. We took the blessings of our teachers and said goodbye to our friends. We cast a sad, lingering look at our noble school as we left with deep memories. [বক্তব্যের পর একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হয়। আমরা সম্পূর্ণ নীরবে গান এবং কবিতাগুলো উপভোগ করি। এর মধ্যে, ছোট ছাত্ররা নাস্তার প্যাকেট বিতরণ করে। আমরা একসাথে খেয়েছি, গল্প করেছি এবং হেসেছি। অবশেষে, অনুষ্ঠানের সমাপ্তি ঘটে। আমরা আমাদের শিক্ষকদের আশীর্বাদ নিই এবং আমাদের বন্ধুদের বিদায় জানাই। গভীর স্মৃতি নিয়ে যাওয়ার সময় আমরা আমাদের মহান স্কুলের দিকে বিষণ্ণ ও দীর্ঘ দৃষ্টিতে ফিরে তাকাই।] A Farewell Function A farewell function is a special event arranged to say goodbye to outgoing students. It is a day full of both joy and sorrow. The day when I took leave from my beloved school to appear at the SSC examination will always stay in my mind. As we were the senior-most students, the junior students of the new class ten arranged a wonderful farewell party for us. It was a day to remember our past memories and prepare for the future. [একটি বিদায় অনুষ্ঠান হলো বিদায়ী ছাত্রদের বিদায় জানানোর জন্য আয়োজিত একটি বিশেষ অনুষ্ঠান। এটি আনন্দ এবং বিষাদ উভয় দিয়েই পূর্ণ একটি দিন। এসএসসি পরীক্ষায় বসার জন্য যে দিন আমি আমার প্রিয় স্কুল থেকে বিদায় নিয়েছিলাম তা সবসময় আমার মনে থাকবে। যেহেতু আমরা ছিলাম সবচেয়ে প্রবীণ ছাত্র, তাই নতুন দশম শ্রেণির ছোট ছাত্ররা আমাদের জন্য একটি চমৎকার বিদায় অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করেছিল। এটি ছিল আমাদের অতীতের স্মৃতি মনে করার এবং ভবিষ্যতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হওয়ার একটি দিন।] The farewell function was held on a Thursday afternoon. I arrived at the school campus at 3 p.m. and saw that the host students had made excellent arrangements. The school hall room was decorated beautifully with colorful papers and flowers. The program started with a very touching speech given by a junior student of class ten. He nicely described our long relationship, sweet memories, and the happy days we passed together in the school. [বিদায় অনুষ্ঠানটি বৃহস্পতিবার বিকেলে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। আমি বিকেল ৩টায় স্কুল ক্যাম্পাসে পৌঁছাই এবং দেখি যে আয়োজক ছাত্ররা চমৎকার ব্যবস্থা করেছে। স্কুলের হলরুমটি রঙিন কাগজ ও ফুল দিয়ে সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো হয়েছিল। দশম শ্রেণির এক ছোট ছাত্রের খুব হৃদয়স্পর্শী বক্তব্যের মধ্য দিয়ে অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হয়। সে স্কুলে আমাদের দীর্ঘ সম্পর্ক, মিষ্টি স্মৃতি এবং একসাথে কাটানো আনন্দের দিনগুলোর কথা সুন্দরভাবে বর্ণনা করেছিল।] After his speech, I went to the stage to speak on behalf of my class. In my short speech, I thanked the junior students for their hard work and good wishes. Then, some of our senior teachers delivered their speeches. Finally, our respected Headmaster gave a very emotional speech. He gave us valuable advice for our future life. He told us how to be successful and honest citizens. We listened to his wise words with deep respect. [তার বক্তব্যের পর, আমি আমার ক্লাসের পক্ষ থেকে কথা বলতে মঞ্চে যাই। আমার সংক্ষিপ্ত বক্তব্যে, আমি ছোট ছাত্রদের তাদের কঠোর পরিশ্রম এবং শুভকামনার জন্য ধন্যবাদ জানাই। তারপর, আমাদের কয়েকজন প্রবীণ শিক্ষক তাদের বক্তব্য রাখেন। পরিশেষে, আমাদের শ্রদ্ধেয় প্রধান শিক্ষক একটি খুব আবেগপূর্ণ বক্তব্য দেন। তিনি আমাদের ভবিষ্যৎ জীবনের জন্য মূল্যবান উপদেশ দেন। তিনি আমাদের বলেন কীভাবে সফল এবং সৎ নাগরিক হতে হয়। আমরা গভীর শ্রদ্ধার সাথে তার জ্ঞানগর্ভ কথাগুলো শুনেছি।] After the speeches were over, a short and enjoyable cultural program started. The younger students arranged this program to make us happy. They sang beautiful songs and recited poems. There was complete silence in the room, and everyone enjoyed the performances. At the same time, some junior students came to us and distributed packets of delicious snacks. We ate the food, gossiped with each other, and laughed happily during the program. [বক্তব্য শেষ হওয়ার পর একটি সংক্ষিপ্ত ও আনন্দদায়ক সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হয়। ছোট ছাত্ররা আমাদের খুশি করার জন্য এই অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করেছিল। তারা সুন্দর গান গেয়েছে এবং কবিতা আবৃত্তি করেছে। ঘরে সম্পূর্ণ নীরবতা ছিল এবং সবাই পরিবেশনাগুলো উপভোগ করেছিল। একই সময়ে, কয়েকজন ছোট ছাত্র আমাদের কাছে আসে এবং সুস্বাদু নাস্তার প্যাকেট বিতরণ করে। আমরা খাবার খেয়েছি, একে অপরের সাথে আড্ডা দিয়েছি এবং অনুষ্ঠান চলাকালীন আনন্দে হেসেছি।] Finally, the beautiful function came to an end in the late afternoon. It was time for us to leave the school. We went to our teachers, touched their feet, and took their blessings for our upcoming board exams. We also exchanged good wishes with our friends and juniors. As we walked out of the school gate, our eyes were full of tears. We looked back lovingly at the great institution where we grew up and learned so many good things. [অবশেষে, পড়ন্ত বিকেলে সুন্দর অনুষ্ঠানটির সমাপ্তি ঘটে। আমাদের স্কুল ছাড়ার সময় হয়ে এসেছিল। আমরা আমাদের শিক্ষকদের কাছে গিয়ে তাদের পা ছুঁয়ে সালাম করি এবং আমাদের আসন্ন বোর্ড পরীক্ষার জন্য তাদের আশীর্বাদ নিই। আমরা আমাদের বন্ধু ও ছোটদের সাথেও শুভকামনা বিনিময় করেছি। স্কুলের গেট দিয়ে যখন আমরা বেরিয়ে আসছিলাম, আমাদের চোখ জলে ভরে গিয়েছিল। আমরা ভালোবেসে সেই মহান প্রতিষ্ঠানের দিকে ফিরে তাকিয়েছিলাম যেখানে আমরা বড় হয়েছি এবং অনেক ভালো জিনিস শিখেছি।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Advice উপদেশ / পরামর্শ Arrangement আয়োজন / ব্যবস্থা Arrive পৌঁছানো Association সম্পর্ক / মেলামেশা Behalf পক্ষে Blessing আশীর্বাদ Cast নিক্ষেপ করা / ফেলা Cultural সাংস্কৃতিক Deep গভীর Deliver প্রদান করা (বক্তৃতা) Distribute বিতরণ করা / ভাগ করে দেওয়া Emotion আবেগ Enjoyable আনন্দদায়ক Event ঘটনা / অনুষ্ঠান Excellent চমৎকার Farewell বিদায় Feeling অনুভূতি Formative গঠনমূলক / গড়ন-সংক্রান্ত Function অনুষ্ঠান Gossip গল্পগুজব করা / আড্ডা দেওয়া Headmaster প্রধান শিক্ষক Heart-rending হৃদয়স্পর্শী / মর্মান্তিক Host আয়োজক Impassioned আবেগপূর্ণ Institution প্রতিষ্ঠান Lap কোল / স্নেহচ্ছায়া Lecture বক্তৃতা Lingering দীর্ঘস্থায়ী / বিলম্বিত Longing আকাঙ্ক্ষা / তীব্র ইচ্ছা Memory স্মৃতি Message বার্তা / সংবাদ Noble মহান Outgoing বিদায়ী Packet প্যাকেট / মোড়ক Part বিচ্ছিন্ন হওয়া / বিদায় নেওয়া Pin-drop silence সম্পূর্ণ নীরবতা Programme কর্মসূচি / অনুষ্ঠান Remember মনে রাখা Responsibility দায়িত্ব Reverend শ্রদ্ধেয় Senior প্রবীণ / বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ Snacks হালকা নাস্তা Speech বক্তব্য / ভাষণ Valuable মূল্যবান Wish কামনা করা / ইচ্ছা Points for the Examination 1. The Occasion Leaving school for the SSC Examination. A memorable day for the outgoing students. Farewell arranged by Class X (New) students. 2. Beginning of the Function Arrived at school at 3 p.m. on a Thursday. Junior students made excellent arrangements. A junior student gave a moving, heart-rending speech. A senior student thanked everyone on behalf of the class. 3. Speeches and Advice Senior teachers gave valuable lectures. The respected Headmaster delivered an impassioned speech. Teachers gave advice for the future course of life. 4. Entertainment and Food A cultural program was arranged by the juniors. Everyone listened in pin-drop silence. Packets of delicious snacks were distributed. Students ate, gossiped, and laughed together. 5. Conclusion and Departure The function ended in the late afternoon. Outgoing students took blessings from teachers. Exchanged good wishes with friends. Left the school with lingering and longing looks.

Paragraph Writing A Day Labourer ​ Everything is possible by means of labour. Without it, nothing can be done or achieved. A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of his brow. He may work as a sweeper, a black-smith, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant or a porter. His service is, no doubt, essential for the country. Still now a day labourer is very poor. He lives from hand to mouth. He has no fixed income. If he works daily, he gets wages. During the rainy days, he finds no work and he has to starve along with his family. He can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He works in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields and even in games and sports for overall prosperity of a country. He builds houses, sky-scrapers, but he himself lives in slums. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He brings mineral from the bottom of the earth. Thus he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. Though he works hard all day long, he lives in misery and want. So, everyone of us should try heart and soul to improve the lot of these day labourers. If we are sympathetic with them, they will be benefited. একজন দিনমজুর শ্রমের মাধ্যমে সবকিছুই সম্ভব। শ্রম ছাড়া কোনো কাজই সম্পন্ন করা বা কোনো কিছু অর্জন করা সম্ভব নয়। দিনমজুর হলেন এমন একজন ব্যক্তি, যার নিজের কোনো জমিজমা নেই এবং যিনি নিজের শ্রমের বিনিময়ে জীবিকা নির্বাহ করেন। তিনি ঝাড়ুদার, কামার, রাজমিস্ত্রি, কাঠমিস্ত্রি, স্বর্ণকার, কৃষক অথবা কুলি হিসেবে কাজ করতে পারেন। দেশের জন্য তাঁর শ্রম নিঃসন্দেহে অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজনীয়। তা সত্ত্বেও একজন দিনমজুর অত্যন্ত দরিদ্র। তাঁকে প্রতিদিনের উপার্জনের ওপর নির্ভর করে জীবনযাপন করতে হয়। তাঁর কোনো নির্দিষ্ট আয় নেই। তিনি প্রতিদিন কাজ করতে পারলে মজুরি পান। কিন্তু বর্ষাকালে অনেক সময় তিনি কোনো কাজ পান না এবং তখন তাঁকে পরিবারের সদস্যদের নিয়ে অনাহারে দিন কাটাতে হয়। তাঁর পক্ষে প্রয়োজনীয় পোশাক-পরিচ্ছদ কিংবা শখের কোনো সামগ্রী কেনাও প্রায় অসম্ভব হয়ে পড়ে। একজন দিনমজুর দেশের সামগ্রিক উন্নতি ও সমৃদ্ধির জন্য বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে কাজ করেন। তিনি কারখানা, জাহাজ, খনি ও কৃষিক্ষেত্রে কাজ করেন। এমনকি দেশের সার্বিক সমৃদ্ধির জন্য খেলাধুলার বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রেও তাঁর শ্রমের প্রয়োজন হয়। তিনি বাড়িঘর ও সুউচ্চ অট্টালিকা নির্মাণ করেন, অথচ নিজে বস্তিতে বসবাস করেন। তিনি রেললাইন স্থাপন করেন এবং মহাসড়ক নির্মাণ করেন। তিনি পৃথিবীর গভীর থেকে বিভিন্ন খনিজ সম্পদ উত্তোলন করেন। এভাবে জীবিকা নির্বাহের জন্য তিনি নানা ধরনের কাজ করে থাকেন। যদিও তিনি সারাদিন কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন, তবুও তাঁকে দুঃখ-কষ্ট ও অভাব-অনটনের মধ্যে জীবনযাপন করতে হয়। তাই আমাদের প্রত্যেকেরই আন্তরিকভাবে দিনমজুরদের জীবনযাত্রার মান উন্নত করার জন্য চেষ্টা করা উচিত। আমরা যদি তাঁদের প্রতি সহানুভূতিশীল হই এবং তাঁদের সাহায্যের জন্য এগিয়ে আসি, তাহলে তাঁরা উপকৃত হবেন। A Day Labourer Labor is the cornerstone of achievement; without it, nothing can be accomplished. A day laborer is someone who doesn't own land and earns their livelihood through physical work. They may engage in various occupations such as sweeping, blacksmithing, masonry, carpentry, goldsmithing, farming, or portering. Their contribution to the country is undeniable, yet many day laborers live in poverty, barely making ends meet. Their income is inconsistent, dependent on daily work availability. During rainy seasons or times of economic downturn, they struggle to find employment, leading to hardships for themselves and their families. Basic necessities like clothing or luxuries are often out of reach. Day laborers can be found in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields, and even in sports and entertainment, contributing to the nation's prosperity. They construct buildings, skyscrapers, and infrastructure like railways and highways, yet often reside in slums themselves. Despite their tireless efforts, they endure lives marked by hardship and deprivation. It is incumbent upon all of us to strive diligently to ameliorate the conditions of these day laborers. Through empathy and support, we can make a meaningful difference in their lives. A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common figure in our agricultural land. A day labourer is a man who lives by unskilled and manual works. He usually lives in a slum or in a small hut. He has no good house of his own. He is a very laborious and strong bodied man. He lives from hand to mouth. He gets up at dawn After taking some stale rice lie goes out of doors in search of work .He works from dawn to dusk. He gets his wages at the end of the day. Then he goes to market. buys daily goods and returns home. He usually works in the agriculture or in the construction fields. Generally he wears old and dirty clothes. He works both in fair and rough weather. His income is very poor. He has to starvewith his family, when he finds no work. He lives below extreme poverty line. He looks older than his age . He hardly enjoy peace and happiness in life. He leads a very sorrowful and miserable life .In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. He is unable to educate his children owing to acute poverty. Inspite of unhappy life, he feels happy because he leads an honest life. Our agriculture, construction works and development activities can not be thought of without his honest labour. In fact, a day labourer is our real friend but he has no dignity ('jolts' Cam) and love in bur society. Necessary steps should be adopted to improve his wheels of lot for our greater interest. THE LIFE OF A DAY LABOURER A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of the brow. He may work as a sweeper, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant and an earth digger. His service is essential for the country. He produces crops by his hard labour. He cleans dirty places and makes them habitable. He builds houses, skyscrapers. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He works in the dockyard. He helps making launches, steamers and barges. He carries heavy loads of earth and digs canals. It is he who also works in ports. He works in mines. Drilling in gas-fields is made possible by his labour. In this way he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. A day labourer is very poor. He can hardly make his both ends meet. He has no fixed income. He gets wages if he can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He lives in slums. In some cases, he is found passing his time in gambling and drinking. He does not think of the future. So, he leads a hard and miserable life. We should find out ways and means to raise his position. A Day Labourer A day laborer is he who usually does hard manual labour to earn his livelihood for each single day m various fields. The picture of a day labourer is quite known to all. He is supposed to be healthy, strong and stout. He lives in a slum with his family, no wakes up early in the morning and goes out to searching of work. He works hard from dawn dusk for his employer and gets his wages in evening. Then he buys his daily necessaries by market and returns his slum. He is always dependent on his employer. He earns a little which is not enough to lead a smooth life. So. he and his family usually live from hand to mouth. When gets more work, he earns more and then he and members of his family eat to their heart's comic But in most of the cases it becomes hard for manage a work every day. Then his sufferings no bound. He and his family have to go without The life of a day labourer is full of sorrows and sufferings. He can hardly enjoy peace and happiness. He has to go out in search of work in all weathers. He works hard all day long and earns his livelihood by the sweat of his brow. He does not know what rest is. Though the service of a day labourer is of great importance, he is very much neglected. He is ill paid and can hardly make both ends. Anyway, he helps the rich to lead a comfortable life working in all weathers-foul or fair. Advanced A Day Labourer A day laborer is an individual who engages in arduous manual work to earn a livelihood on a daily basis in various fields. The portrayal of a day laborer is well-known; he is typically regarded as sturdy, robust, and physically fit. Often living in impoverished slums with his family, he rises early each morning in search of work. From dawn until dusk, he labors tirelessly for his employer, receiving his meager wages in the evening to purchase his daily necessities from the market before returning to his abode. The day laborer is entirely reliant on his employer and earns a meager wage that is insufficient to sustain a comfortable standard of living, forcing him and his family to exist from hand to mouth. In the event that he obtains more work, he earns more, and then he and his family may enjoy a hearty meal. However, finding work every day is often a challenging task, and in such cases, his hardships know no bounds. The life of a day laborer is fraught with sorrows and suffering, with little room for peace and happiness. He must venture out in all weather conditions in search of work, toiling all day long to eke out a living by the sweat of his brow. He is perpetually without respite. Although the service of a day laborer is of immense importance, he is often neglected, poorly compensated, and struggles to make ends meet. Nonetheless, he aids the affluent in leading a comfortable life, working tirelessly through all weathers, fair or foul. Bangla Translation: Paragraph: A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very familiar person in our country. He is a person who does hard physical work every day to earn his livelihood. He usually lives in a small hut or a slum because he is very poor. He is a strong and hard-working man. He wakes up very early in the morning. After eating a simple breakfast of stale rice, he goes out to find work. He works from morning to evening in fields, construction sites, or on roads. He works hard in the hot sun and heavy rain. At the end of the day, he gets his wages. With this small amount of money, he buys daily food for his family and goes back home. His income is very low, and he lives from hand to mouth. Sometimes, when he does not find any work, he and his family have to go without food. He wears old and dirty clothes. Because of his hard life and lack of good food, he looks older than his actual age. He cannot send his children to school due to acute poverty. However, he is an honest man. He feels happy because he earns money by his own hard work. We cannot think of our daily development without him. So, we should respect him and try to improve his condition. [দিনমজুর আমাদের দেশে খুব পরিচিত একজন মানুষ। তিনি এমন একজন ব্যক্তি যিনি জীবিকা নির্বাহের জন্য প্রতিদিন কঠোর শারীরিক পরিশ্রম করেন। তিনি খুব গরিব বলে সাধারণত একটি ছোট কুঁড়েঘর বা বস্তিতে থাকেন। তিনি একজন শক্তিশালী ও পরিশ্রমী মানুষ। তিনি খুব ভোরে ঘুম থেকে ওঠেন। পান্তা ভাতের একটি সাধারণ নাস্তা খাওয়ার পর তিনি কাজের সন্ধানে বেরিয়ে পড়েন। তিনি সকাল থেকে সন্ধ্যা পর্যন্ত মাঠে, নির্মাণস্থলে বা রাস্তায় কাজ করেন। তিনি কড়া রোদ এবং ভারী বৃষ্টিতে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন। দিনের শেষে, তিনি তার মজুরি পান। এই অল্প পরিমাণ টাকা দিয়ে তিনি পরিবারের জন্য প্রতিদিনের খাবার কেনেন এবং বাড়ি ফিরে যান। তার আয় খুব কম, এবং তিনি দিন এনে দিন খান। মাঝে মাঝে, যখন তিনি কোনো কাজ পান না, তখন তাকে ও তার পরিবারকে না খেয়ে থাকতে হয়। তিনি পুরনো ও নোংরা কাপড় পরেন। তার কঠোর জীবন এবং ভালো খাবারের অভাবে তাকে তার আসল বয়সের চেয়ে বয়স্ক দেখায়। তীব্র দারিদ্র্যের কারণে তিনি তার সন্তানদের স্কুলে পাঠাতে পারেন না। তবে, তিনি একজন সৎ মানুষ। তিনি খুশি থাকেন কারণ তিনি নিজের কঠোর পরিশ্রমে টাকা উপার্জন করেন। তাকে ছাড়া আমরা আমাদের দৈনন্দিন উন্নয়নের কথা ভাবতে পারি না। তাই, আমাদের উচিত তাকে সম্মান করা এবং তার অবস্থার উন্নতি করার চেষ্টা করা।] Composition / Essay Writing A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common and hardworking person in our country. He is a familiar face in both villages and cities. He earns his living by doing physical work every day. He does not have any fixed job or regular salary. He usually lives in a small hut or in a slum. He does not have a lot of money, but he has a lot of bodily strength. He plays a big role in building our country. [দিনমজুর আমাদের দেশে একটি খুব সাধারণ এবং পরিশ্রমী মানুষ। তিনি গ্রাম এবং শহর উভয় জায়গাতেই একটি পরিচিত মুখ। তিনি প্রতিদিন শারীরিক পরিশ্রম করে তার জীবিকা উপার্জন করেন। তার কোনো স্থায়ী চাকরি বা নিয়মিত বেতন নেই। তিনি সাধারণত একটি ছোট কুঁড়েঘর বা বস্তিতে বাস করেন। তার অনেক টাকা নেই, তবে তার অনেক শারীরিক শক্তি আছে। তিনি আমাদের দেশ গঠনে বড় ভূমিকা পালন করেন।] The daily life of a day labourer starts very early in the morning. He wakes up before the sun rises. He eats some leftover or stale rice and goes out to look for work. He works in agricultural fields, brickfields, or construction sites. He carries heavy loads on his head or back. He works continuously from morning to evening. He does not care about the hot sun or heavy rain. Sometimes he gets very tired, but he cannot take a long rest. [একজন দিনমজুরের দৈনন্দিন জীবন খুব ভোরে শুরু হয়। সূর্য ওঠার আগেই তিনি ঘুম থেকে ওঠেন। তিনি কিছু উদ্বৃত্ত বা পান্তা ভাত খেয়ে কাজের সন্ধানে বেরিয়ে পড়েন। তিনি কৃষিক্ষেত, ইটের ভাটা বা নির্মাণস্থলে কাজ করেন। তিনি তার মাথা বা পিঠে ভারী বোঝা বহন করেন। তিনি সকাল থেকে সন্ধ্যা পর্যন্ত একটানা কাজ করেন। তিনি কড়া রোদ বা ভারী বৃষ্টির তোয়াক্কা করেন না। কখনো কখনো তিনি খুব ক্লান্ত হয়ে পড়েন, কিন্তু তিনি দীর্ঘ বিশ্রাম নিতে পারেন না।] At the end of the day, the day labourer gets his daily wages. His income is very poor. Life is a daily struggle for him. With that small amount of money, he goes to the local market. He buys rice, vegetables, and other necessary things for his family. He lives from hand to mouth. Sometimes the money he earns is not enough to buy good food like fish or meat. If he does not find any work on a day, his whole family has to starve. [দিনের শেষে দিনমজুর তার দৈনিক মজুরি পান। তার আয় খুব কম। জীবন তার জন্য একটি দৈনন্দিন সংগ্রাম। সেই অল্প টাকা নিয়ে তিনি স্থানীয় বাজারে যান। তিনি তার পরিবারের জন্য চাল, শাকসবজি এবং অন্যান্য প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস কেনেন। তিনি দিন এনে দিন খান। কখনো কখনো তার উপার্জিত টাকা মাছ বা মাংসের মতো ভালো খাবার কেনার জন্য যথেষ্ট হয় না। কোনো দিন কাজ না পেলে তার পুরো পরিবারকে অনাহারে থাকতে হয়।] A day labourer leads a very sorrowful and miserable life. He wears old, torn, and dirty clothes. His hut cannot protect him from the cold wind or heavy rain. Because of continuous hard work and poor food, he looks much older than his real age. He suffers from various diseases but cannot buy good medicines. He wants to educate his children, but he cannot do it because of his extreme poverty. His family lives in a helpless condition. [দিনমজুর অত্যন্ত দুঃখজনক ও শোচনীয় জীবনযাপন করেন। তিনি পুরোনো, ছেঁড়া ও নোংরা কাপড় পরেন। তার কুঁড়েঘর তাকে ঠান্ডা বাতাস বা ভারী বৃষ্টি থেকে রক্ষা করতে পারে না। একটানা কঠোর পরিশ্রম এবং নিম্নমানের খাবারের কারণে তাকে তার আসল বয়সের চেয়ে অনেক বেশি বয়স্ক দেখায়। তিনি বিভিন্ন রোগে ভোগেন কিন্তু ভালো ওষুধ কিনতে পারেন না। তিনি তার সন্তানদের শিক্ষিত করতে চান, কিন্তু চরম দারিদ্র্যের কারণে তিনি তা করতে পারেন না। তার পরিবার অসহায় অবস্থায় জীবনযাপন করে।] In spite of having a very difficult life, a day labourer is an honest man. He never steals or does any bad thing. He feels happy with his hard-earned money. Our agriculture and construction works depend heavily on his physical labour. We cannot think of a beautiful city or a green field without his sweat. He is a true friend of our society. Therefore, everyone should behave well with him and take necessary steps to improve his condition. [খুব কঠিন জীবন হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, একজন দিনমজুর একজন সৎ মানুষ। তিনি কখনো চুরি বা কোনো খারাপ কাজ করেন না। তিনি তার কষ্টার্জিত টাকা নিয়ে খুশি থাকেন। আমাদের কৃষি ও নির্মাণ কাজ তার শারীরিক শ্রমের ওপর অনেক বেশি নির্ভরশীল। তার ঘাম ছাড়া আমরা সুন্দর শহর বা সবুজ মাঠের কথা ভাবতে পারি না। তিনি আমাদের সমাজের একজন প্রকৃত বন্ধু। তাই, সবার উচিত তার সাথে ভালো ব্যবহার করা এবং তার অবস্থার উন্নতির জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Actual আসল / প্রকৃত Agricultural কৃষিজাত / কৃষি বিষয়ক Amount পরিমাণ Behave আচরণ করা Common সাধারণ Condition অবস্থা Construction নির্মাণ Continuously একটানা Daily দৈনন্দিন / প্রতিদিনের Depend নির্ভর করা Development উন্নয়ন Dirty নোংরা Disease রোগ / অসুখ Earn উপার্জন করা Educate শিক্ষিত করা Extreme চরম / তীব্র Familiar পরিচিত Fixed নির্দিষ্ট / স্থায়ী Hand to mouth দিন এনে দিন খাওয়া Hardworking পরিশ্রমী Helpless অসহায় Honest সৎ Income আয় Labourer শ্রমিক / মজুর Livelihood জীবিকা Medicine ওষুধ Miserable শোচনীয় / দুস্থ Necessary প্রয়োজনীয় Physical শারীরিক Poverty দারিদ্র্য Protect রক্ষা করা Regular নিয়মিত Respect সম্মান করা Salary বেতন Slum বস্তি Sorrowful দুঃখজনক Stale rice পান্তা ভাত Starve অনাহারে থাকা / না খেয়ে থাকা Strength শক্তি Struggle সংগ্রাম Sweat ঘাম Torn ছেঁড়া Wages মজুরি Weather আবহাওয়া Points for the Examination 1. Introduction of a Day Labourer A very common and familiar person. Does hard physical work every day. Does not have a fixed job or salary. Lives in a small hut or slum. 2. Daily Routine and Work Gets up very early in the morning. Eats stale rice for breakfast. Works from dawn to dusk (morning to evening). Works in agriculture or construction fields. Does not stop for hot sun or heavy rain. 3. Income and Hardship Earns daily wages at the end of the day. Income is very low. Lives from hand to mouth. Buys daily food from the local market. Has to starve if he finds no work. 4. Family and Miserable Life Leads a sorrowful and poor life. Wears old, torn, and dirty clothes. Looks older than his real age. Cannot educate his children due to poverty. Suffers from diseases without good medicine. 5. Importance and Conclusion Leads a very honest life. Happy with his hard-earned money. Agriculture and construction depend on him. He is a true friend of society. We must respect him and improve his lot. একজন দিনমজুরের জীবন দিনমজুর হলেন এমন একজন ব্যক্তি, যার নিজের কোনো জমিজমা নেই এবং যিনি নিজের শ্রমের বিনিময়ে জীবিকা নির্বাহ করেন। তিনি ঝাড়ুদার, রাজমিস্ত্রি, কাঠমিস্ত্রি, স্বর্ণকার, কৃষক কিংবা মাটি কাটার শ্রমিক হিসেবে কাজ করতে পারেন। দেশের অর্থনৈতিক ও সামাজিক কর্মকাণ্ডে তাঁর শ্রম অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। তিনি কঠোর পরিশ্রমের মাধ্যমে ফসল উৎপাদন করেন। নোংরা ও অপরিচ্ছন্ন স্থান পরিষ্কার করে সেগুলোকে মানুষের বসবাসের উপযোগী করে তোলেন। তিনি বাড়িঘর ও সুউচ্চ অট্টালিকা নির্মাণ করেন। রেললাইন স্থাপন ও মহাসড়ক নির্মাণেও তিনি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেন। তিনি জাহাজ নির্মাণশালায় কাজ করেন এবং লঞ্চ, স্টিমার ও বার্জ নির্মাণে সহায়তা করেন। তিনি ভারী মাটির বোঝা বহন করেন এবং খাল খনন করেন। বন্দরেও তিনি বিভিন্ন ধরনের শ্রমসাধ্য কাজে নিয়োজিত থাকেন। তিনি খনিতে কাজ করেন। গ্যাসক্ষেত্রে খননকাজ ও গ্যাস উত্তোলনের বিভিন্ন কার্যক্রমও তাঁর শ্রমের মাধ্যমে সম্ভব হয়। এভাবে জীবিকা অর্জনের জন্য একজন দিনমজুরকে নানা ধরনের কঠিন ও পরিশ্রমসাধ্য কাজ করতে হয়।একজন দিনমজুর অত্যন্ত দরিদ্র। তাঁর পক্ষে সংসারের দৈনন্দিন প্রয়োজন মেটানোও অনেক সময় কঠিন হয়ে পড়ে। তাঁর কোনো নির্দিষ্ট ও স্থায়ী আয় নেই। কাজ পেলে তিনি মজুরি পান, কিন্তু সেই আয় দিয়ে প্রয়োজনীয় পোশাক-পরিচ্ছদ বা অন্যান্য সামগ্রী কেনাই তাঁর জন্য কষ্টকর হয়ে পড়ে। সাধারণত তিনি বস্তি এলাকায় বসবাস করেন। কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্রে তাঁকে জুয়া খেলে বা মদ্যপান করে সময় কাটাতেও দেখা যায়। তিনি ভবিষ্যতের কথা চিন্তা করেন না। ফলে তাঁকে অত্যন্ত কঠিন ও দুর্দশাপূর্ণ জীবনযাপন করতে হয়।তাই সমাজে একজন দিনমজুরের জীবনমান উন্নয়নের জন্য আমাদের যথাযথ উদ্যোগ গ্রহণ করা উচিত। তাঁর শ্রমের যথাযথ মূল্য নিশ্চিত করার পাশাপাশি তাঁর জীবনযাত্রার মান উন্নয়নের জন্য কার্যকর ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা প্রয়োজন। কারণ দেশের উন্নয়ন ও অগ্রগতিতে দিনমজুরদের অবদান অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। All Paragraph / Composition / Essay -Alphabetically ordered A Balanced Diet A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A Book Fair / Your Visit to a Book Fair / Bangla Academy Book Fair A Bridal Party A bus Stand A College and A University A COLLEGE CANTEEN A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A Day Labourer A FAREWELL FUNCTION A Farmer /Life of a Farmer A FILM / MOVIE I HAVE RECENTLY ENJOYED / YOUR FAVOURITE MOVIE A Fisherman / FISHES AND FISHERMEN OF BANGLADESH A GOOD CITIZEN A Good Student You Know / AN IDEAL STUDENT A Good Teacher A Hartal Day A HAWKER A HAWKER A JOUNRY BY TRAIN A JOURNEY BY BOAT / A BOAT JOURNEY YOU HAVE ENJOYED A JOURNEY BY LAUNCH A JOURNEY BY PLANE (AIR) / MY FIRST FLIGHT A LIBRARY /A School Library /A COLLEGE LIBRARY A MEMORABLE DAY IN MY LIFE / AN OCCASION I REMEMBER A Moonlit Night A Morning Walk A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A Railway Station A Rainy Day / MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY A Rickshaw Puller A Road Accident / Street Accidents/ Causes and Effects of Road Accidents A School / College Magazine A Science Fair /A SCIENCE FAIR I HAVE VISITED A Society I Dream of A STREET BEGGAR A Street Beggar A Street Hawker A Tea Stall A Traffic Police A Village Doctor A VILLAGE MARKET A Wedding Ceremony I Enjoyed/ Attended A Winter Morning ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) A ZOO / My Visit to a Zoo A JOURNEY BY BUS Accommodation Problems in Dhaka City Acid Rain Acid Violence Acid Violence​ (Paragraph / Composition / Essay on ) Adolescence Adopting unfair means in the examination Adult Literacy Afforestation AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Air Pollution An Earthquake AN EXCITING CRICKET MATCH I HAVE WITNESSED AN EXCITING FOOTBALL MATCH I HAVE WITNESSE Ancient Age and Modern Age Annual Cultural Function / Program of Your School / College Annual Sports Day of Your School /College Arranging books in a library Arsenic Pollution / ARSENICOSIS Bangabandhu Satellite Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Bangladesh : My Country / MY COUNTRY Bangladeshi Culture BANNING OF POLYBAGS Banning of Polythene Bags Basic Human Rights BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Brain Drain Campus Violence Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies / Causes of Students’ Failure in English Celebration Of 15th Birthday / My Last Birthday Party Child Labour Child Trafficking City Life / Town Life /City Life vs. Village Life / City Life and Rural Life Climate Change / Causes and Effects of Climate Change College Campus Compulsory Primary Education Computer / IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) Corona Virus /COVID-19 CORPORAL PUNISHMENT / The Impact of Corporal Punishment on Students Corruption in Bangladesh and How to Remove It Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries​ Courtesy in the Perspective of Bangladesh and the Perspective of the Western World Craftwork Cricket and Football Cyber Café Cyberbullying and its causes and effects on Young Generation Cyclone / A Natural Disaster I have Experienced DANGER OF SMOKING /BAD EFFECTS OF SMOKING/ SMOKING IS A BAD HABIT DEBATING Deforestation Democracy Democracy and Autocracy Dengue Fever Diaspora Digital Bangladesh Dignity of Labour Discipline Dowry System Dream Drug Addiction / The Curse of Drug Addiction DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS E – Learning Early Marriage Early Rising /Benefits of Early Rising Eating Habits of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh EID FESTIVAL / Eid-ul-Fitr E-learning E-mail Employment of Women / Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh Empowering Women in Bangladesh / Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Entertainment in Different Parts of Bangladesh Environment Pollution / The Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh Etiquette and Manners Eve–Teasing Exam Fitness / Strategies Extracurricular Activities / The Importance of Extra-Curricular Activities / Extra-Curricular Activities in Your School Family Life and Hostel Life Female Education / The Importance of Female Education/ GIRLS’ EDUCATION FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH / Our National Festivals FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL Floods /A flood I have witnessed / Floods in Bangladesh / FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Folk Music Food Adulteration Food Habits Prevailing in the Urban and Rural Areas FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH FRUITS OF BANGLADESH Gender Discrimination / Disparity Global Warming Globalisation /Globalization GOOD MANNERS GRAMEEN BANK HOUSING IN BANGLADESH How to Arrange a Picnic HOW TO KEEP FIT How to Open a Bank Account How to Publish a College Magazine HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE IF I WERE THE PRIME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH / IF I WERE THE HOME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH If I Win a Lottery Illiteracy Importance of Education Importance of Learning English /Necessity of Learning English IMPORTANCE OF RADIO / THE RADIO Independence Day / 26th March INFLUENCE OF WESTERN CULTURE / The Impact of Western Culture / OPEN AIR CULTURE/ WESTERN CULTURE Information Technology International Mother Language Day / THE SHAHEED DAY/ The 21st February Internet / Uses and Abuses of Internet The July Revolution or the Student–People's Uprising (2024) Junk Food/ Home-cooked Food/ Bad Effects of Eating Junk Food Life before and after Digitalization in Bangladesh Life in the Past and Life in the Present Time Life of Youths Before and After Getting Used to a Social NetworkHow to Learn English / How to Have a Good Command in English Load Shedding MASS EDUCATION MAY DAY Metro Rail / Dhaka Metro Rail Metro Rail vs Traditional Bus Mobile Phone / The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone Modern Technology Money and Happiness Moral Values / Moral Degradation of the Young Generation Mujib Borsho MY AIM IN LIFE / My Future Plan of Life /CHOICE OF CAREER/Your Ambition in Life My Best Friend / MY INTIMATE FRIEND My Childhood / My Childhood Memories My Class Teacher MY DAILY ACTIVITIES /MY DAILY LIFE/ My Daily Routine MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT MY FAMILY My Favorite Sportsman MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD MY FAVOURITE GAME / MY FAVOURITE SPORT MY FAVOURITE HOBBY / YOUR HOBBY MY FAVOURITE PERSON /MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY /THE PERSON I ADMIRE MOST My Favourite Poet / Author My Favourite Season/ The Season I Like Most/ Seasons of Bangladesh /SPRING IN BANGLADESH /SPRING IN BANGLADESH MY FAVOURITE SPORT My Favourite Teacher / The Teacher I like Best My First Day at College My First Visit to Dhaka / A TRIP TO DHAKA MY GARDEN MY HOME My Idea About Leisure MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL MY LIKINGS AND DISLIKINGS MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN MY NEIGHBOURS/ MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR MY OWN PROFILE My Parents /OBEDIENCE TO PARENTS MY PET ANIMAL My Visit to the Shat Gombuj Mosque NATIONAL LOCAL GAME OF BANGLADESH / GAMES AND SPORTS OF BANGLADESH Natural Beauties of Bangladesh Natural Calamities / Natural Calamities of Bangladesh NEWSPAPER/ NEWSPAPER READING /READING NEWSPAPER NOISE POLLUTION Nuclear family Olympic Games Online Classes / On-campus Class and Online Class / Online vs Offline or Traditional Class / Online Education ProgrammeScience and Religion Our College / School Common Room Our National Flag OUR School Over-Population /The Curse of Over-Population / Population Problems in Bangladesh Pahela Baishakh / Baishakhi Mela / My Visit to Baishakhi Mela PAPER PASTIMES /LEISURE Patriotism PERSEVERANCE Physical exercise POLLUTION Power of Media: Mass Media and Politics Present Life Is Better Than the Life of 30 Years Ago Preserving Good Health / HEALTH IS WEALTH Presidential Government and Parliamentary Government Price-Hike / Causes of Price Hike PRIVATE COACHING / PRIVATE TUTORSHIP Private University and Public University PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE / THE PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF YOUR SCHOOL Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh PROBLEMS OF ROADS IN BANGLADESH PUNCTUALITY Recalling School Days / School Life RECYCLING RICE Rivers of Bangladesh ROAD COMMUNICATION IN BANGLADESH Rohingya Repatriation / Crisis Role of media School Life and College Life Self-employment Sidr Smart Bangladesh Social Media (Networks) / Facebook / The Impact of Facebook on the Young Generation / The Effects of social media on Mental Health /The Impact of Facebook on Teenager SOUND POLLUTION STREET CHILDREN Street Children / Tokai STRIKE STUDENTS AND SOCIAL SERVICE / Duties of Students / Student Life Superstition TEA / A POPULAR DRINK Technical Education and General Education Television/ My Favourite Television Programme THE BLESSINGS / WONDERS OF SCIENCE / THE VALUE OF SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE/ THE TRIUMPH OF SCIENCE / The Advancement of Science in Modern Age The communication system in Bangladesh THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENT CHANGE OF THE SYLLABUS The Greenhouse Effect The Happiest Day In My Life The Historic 7th March Speech THE HOUSE I LIVE IN THE IMPORTANCE / UTILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The Importance of Games and Sports/ The Utility (Importance) of Sports and Games / My Favourite Game / Sports / The Game I Like Most THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE ELDERLY THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY THE LIBERATION WAR THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER / GARMENT WORKERS / Garments Industries in Bangladesh THE MOST INTERESTING PERSON I HAVE EVER MET THE NATIONAL DAYS OF BANGLADESH THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL / My Visit to the National Memorial THE NIGHT BEFORE EXAMINATION The Padma Bridge / The Importance of the Padma Bridge The Postman THE PROPER USE OF TIME / The Value of Time THE RAINY SEASON THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH The Sangsad Bhaban THE SHAT GAMBUJ MOSQUE The Times before and after the Introduction of Internet The Uses and Abuses Of Satellite Channels/ Satellite TV Channels The Utility (Importance) of Sports and Games / THE IMPORTANCE OF GAMES AND SPORTS / My Favourite Game/Sports / The Game I Like Most The Victory Day / 16 December / The Last Victory Day I Celebrated THE WILD ANIMAL I LIKE BEST Trade Fair / AN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR/ My Visit To An International Trade Fair Traffic Jam TRAVELLING / THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVELLING Tree Plantation / The Usefulness of Trees TRIBALS OF BANGLADESH TRUTHFULNESS Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh / Problems and Prospects of Employment Visit to A Place of Historical Interest Visiting A Village Fair Waste Management Water Pollution WHAT I WILL DO AFTER MY SSC / HSC EXAMINATION What You Would Do If You Got Aladdin’s Magic Lamp At Your Hand WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR COUNTRY / Role of Women World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh Your Favourite Book/ A BOOK THAT IS FAVOURITE TO ME Your Favourite TV Program / The TV Programme I Enjoy Most Your mother

Paragraph Writing A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A teacher is the philosopher guide of a nation. She is an idol to her students. All her activities and performances are often followed and imitated by her students. Hence her life style is an ideal one. She is to maintain a routined life for her daily activities. She passes all through a busy day with the exception on holidays. Everyday she is to get up early in the morning. Then she prepares herself and the other younger members of the family for their respective outgoing purpose. After taking breakfast she sends her children to school and she herself goes out for school. In time she arrives at school. So she can get some preparations and photocopying done for the students. She does playground duty as parents deliver their children. She supervises the school assembly. Then she starts classes. In her scheduled classes she delivers lectures and imparts education very cordially. Attending to two or three consecutive classes, she becomes tired. Hence she needs a break. In the leisure hour she takes her tiffin in the staff room. Again she attends to one or two classes till the last bell rings. Then she reaches home. Having wash, she takes her lunch with other members of the family. After that she takes rest for some time. In the evening she cooks for family. She does her lesson plans and preparations for the next day. She spends some time for watching television or enjoying music. Then she takes her supper and goes to bed. Thus she passes her regular day with full of activities. একজন শিক্ষকের এক দিনের জীবন একজন শিক্ষক একটি জাতির দার্শনিক ও পথপ্রদর্শক। তিনি তাঁর শিক্ষার্থীদের কাছে একজন আদর্শ ব্যক্তিত্ব। তাঁর যাবতীয় কর্মকাণ্ড ও আচরণ শিক্ষার্থীরা প্রায়ই অনুসরণ ও অনুকরণ করে। তাই তাঁর জীবনযাপন হওয়া উচিত আদর্শ ও সুশৃঙ্খল। দৈনন্দিন কাজকর্ম সুষ্ঠুভাবে সম্পন্ন করার জন্য তাঁকে একটি নিয়মতান্ত্রিক জীবনযাপন করতে হয়। ছুটির দিন ছাড়া তিনি প্রতিদিন নানা কর্মব্যস্ততার মধ্য দিয়ে দিন অতিবাহিত করেন। প্রতিদিন তাঁকে খুব ভোরে ঘুম থেকে উঠতে হয়। এরপর তিনি নিজে প্রস্তুত হন এবং পরিবারের ছোট সদস্যদেরও তাদের নিজ নিজ প্রয়োজনীয় কাজে বাইরে যাওয়ার জন্য প্রস্তুত হতে সাহায্য করেন। সকালের নাশতা খাওয়ার পর তিনি তাঁর সন্তানদের বিদ্যালয়ে পাঠান এবং নিজেও বিদ্যালয়ের উদ্দেশে রওনা হন। যথাসময়ে তিনি বিদ্যালয়ে পৌঁছান। ফলে শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় কিছু প্রস্তুতি নেওয়া এবং বিভিন্ন কাগজপত্রের ফটোকপি করার সুযোগ পান। শিক্ষার্থীদের অভিভাবকেরা তাঁদের সন্তানদের বিদ্যালয়ে পৌঁছে দেওয়ার সময় তিনি মাঠে দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। এরপর তিনি বিদ্যালয়ের সমাবেশ তদারকি করেন। এরপর তিনি শ্রেণিকক্ষে পাঠদান শুরু করেন। নির্ধারিত শ্রেণিগুলোতে তিনি অত্যন্ত আন্তরিকতার সঙ্গে পাঠদান করেন এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের জ্ঞানার্জনে সহায়তা করেন। পরপর দুই বা তিনটি ক্লাস নেওয়ার পর তিনি ক্লান্ত হয়ে পড়েন। তাই তাঁর কিছুটা বিশ্রামের প্রয়োজন হয়। অবসর সময়ে তিনি শিক্ষকদের বিশ্রামকক্ষে বসে টিফিন করেন। এরপর আবার এক বা দুইটি শ্রেণিতে পাঠদান করেন এবং শেষ ঘণ্টা বাজার আগ পর্যন্ত তাঁর নির্ধারিত দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। বিদ্যালয়ের কার্যক্রম শেষ হলে তিনি বাড়িতে ফিরে আসেন। হাত-মুখ ধুয়ে পরিবারের অন্যান্য সদস্যদের সঙ্গে দুপুরের খাবার খান। এরপর কিছু সময় বিশ্রাম নেন। সন্ধ্যায় তিনি পরিবারের জন্য রান্নাবান্না করেন। পাশাপাশি পরবর্তী দিনের জন্য পাঠ পরিকল্পনা ও প্রয়োজনীয় প্রস্তুতি সম্পন্ন করেন। অবসর সময়ে তিনি কিছুক্ষণ টেলিভিশন দেখেন অথবা গান শুনে আনন্দ উপভোগ করেন। এরপর তিনি রাতের খাবার গ্রহণ করেন এবং ঘুমাতে যান। এভাবেই একজন শিক্ষক প্রতিদিন নানা ধরনের দায়িত্ব ও কর্মকাণ্ডের মধ্য দিয়ে তাঁর নিয়মিত দিন অতিবাহিত করেন। তাঁর প্রতিটি দিন কর্মব্যস্ততা, দায়িত্ববোধ ও কর্তব্যপরায়ণতায় পরিপূর্ণ থাকে। Model Answer-2 Bangla Translation: একজন শিক্ষকের জীবনের একটি দিন একজন শিক্ষক জাতির দার্শনিক পথপ্রদর্শক। তিনি তার ছাত্রদের কাছে একজন আদর্শ। তার সমস্ত ক্রিয়াকলাপ এবং অভিনয় প্রায়শই তার ছাত্ররা অনুসরণ করে এবং অনুকরণ করে। তাই তার জীবনধারা একটি আদর্শ। তাকে তার দৈনন্দিন কাজকর্মের জন্য একটি রুটিনড জীবন বজায় রাখতে হবে। ছুটির দিন বাদ দিয়ে তিনি ব্যস্ত দিন পার করেন। প্রতিদিন তাকে খুব ভোরে উঠতে হয়। তারপর সে নিজেকে এবং পরিবারের অন্যান্য ছোট সদস্যদের তাদের নিজ নিজ বিদায়ী উদ্দেশ্যে প্রস্তুত করে। নাস্তা খাওয়ার পর সে তার বাচ্চাদের স্কুলে পাঠায় এবং সে নিজেও স্কুলে যায়। যথাসময়ে সে স্কুলে আসে। তাই তিনি শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য কিছু প্রস্তুতি এবং ফটোকপি করাতে পারেন। মা-বাবা তাদের সন্তানদের ডেলিভারি করার সময় তিনি খেলার মাঠের দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। তিনি স্কুল সমাবেশ তত্ত্বাবধান. তারপর সে ক্লাস শুরু করে। তার নির্ধারিত ক্লাসে সে বক্তৃতা দেয় এবং খুব আন্তরিকতার সাথে শিক্ষা দেয়। পরপর দুই-তিনটি ক্লাসে উপস্থিত হয়ে সে ক্লান্ত হয়ে পড়ে। তাই তার একটা বিরতি দরকার। অবসর সময়ে তিনি স্টাফ রুমে তার টিফিন নিয়ে যান। আবার শেষ ঘণ্টা বাজানো পর্যন্ত সে এক বা দুটি ক্লাসে অংশ নেয়। তারপর সে বাড়িতে পৌঁছায়। গোসল করার পর, তিনি পরিবারের অন্যান্য সদস্যদের সাথে তার দুপুরের খাবার গ্রহণ করেন। এরপর তিনি কিছুক্ষণ বিশ্রাম নেন। সন্ধ্যায় সে পরিবারের জন্য রান্না করে। সে তার পাঠ পরিকল্পনা এবং পরের দিনের জন্য প্রস্তুতি নেয়। তিনি টেলিভিশন দেখার জন্য বা সঙ্গীত উপভোগ করার জন্য কিছু সময় ব্যয় করেন। তারপর সে তার রাতের খাবার নেয় এবং বিছানায় যায়। এভাবে তার নিয়মিত দিন কাটে নানা কর্মকাণ্ডে। Composition / Essay Writing A Day in the Life of a Teacher A teacher plays a vital role as a guide and mentor for her students, shaping their future and inspiring them through her actions and words. Her life is often a model of discipline and dedication, as she follows a structured routine to balance her responsibilities at work and home. A teacher begins her day early in the morning, preparing herself and her family for their daily activities. After breakfast, she ensures her children are ready for school before heading to her own workplace. Upon arriving at school, she uses any available time to prepare lessons or materials, including photocopying resources for her students. She might also supervise the playground as parents drop off their children, ensuring safety and order. Once the school assembly begins, she oversees the proceedings and starts her scheduled classes. During these sessions, she passionately delivers lessons and engages students in learning. Teaching multiple consecutive classes can be exhausting, so a short break for refreshments in the staff room provides her with some much-needed energy. Afterward, she continues teaching until the final bell signals the end of the school day. Returning home, the teacher takes time to freshen up and enjoy lunch with her family. In the afternoon, she rests briefly before attending to household chores, including cooking. The evening is dedicated to preparing lesson plans and reviewing materials for the next day's classes. If time permits, she unwinds by watching television or listening to music before having dinner and retiring for the night. In summary, a teacher’s day is filled with responsibilities that require energy, dedication, and time management. From shaping young minds in the classroom to caring for her family at home, her life exemplifies service and commitment, making her a true role model for society. A Day in the Life of a Teacher A teacher is a very important and respected person in our society. She is a true guide and a good friend to her students. Her daily life is very busy and active. Every day, she wakes up very early in the morning. She washes her face and says her daily prayers. Then she prepares breakfast for her family and helps her children get ready for school. After eating her breakfast, she goes to her own school. She reaches school on time and gets ready for her classes. Sometimes, she stands in the playground to watch and welcome the students. Then she attends the school assembly. When the bell rings, she goes to the classroom. She teaches her students with great love and care. She uses easy words so that everyone can understand the lesson perfectly. After taking two or three classes, she feels a little tired. During the tiffin break, she sits in the staff room, talks with other teachers, and eats her tiffin. After the break, she takes more classes until the school ends. Then she returns home. She washes herself and eats lunch with her family. In the evening, she prepares her lesson plans for the next day. She also helps with cooking. At night, she watches some television or listens to music to relax her mind. Finally, she eats her supper and goes to sleep. A teacher works very hard all day to build a bright future for her students. [একজন শিক্ষক আমাদের সমাজে একজন খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ এবং সম্মানিত ব্যক্তি। তিনি তার ছাত্রছাত্রীদের জন্য একজন সত্যিকারের পথপ্রদর্শক এবং একজন ভালো বন্ধু। তার দৈনন্দিন জীবন খুব ব্যস্ত এবং কর্মঠ। প্রতিদিন, তিনি খুব সকালে ঘুম থেকে ওঠেন। তিনি মুখ ধুয়ে তার প্রতিদিনের প্রার্থনা করেন। তারপর তিনি তার পরিবারের জন্য সকালের নাস্তা তৈরি করেন এবং তার সন্তানদের স্কুলের জন্য প্রস্তুত হতে সাহায্য করেন। সকালের নাস্তা খাওয়ার পর, তিনি তার নিজের স্কুলে যান। তিনি সময়মতো স্কুলে পৌঁছান এবং তার ক্লাসের জন্য প্রস্তুত হন। কখনো কখনো, তিনি ছাত্রছাত্রীদের দেখতে এবং স্বাগত জানাতে খেলার মাঠে দাঁড়ান। তারপর তিনি স্কুলের সমাবেশে যোগ দেন। ঘণ্টা বাজলে তিনি শ্রেণিকক্ষে যান। তিনি খুব ভালোবাসা ও যত্নের সাথে তার ছাত্রছাত্রীদের পড়ান। তিনি সহজ শব্দ ব্যবহার করেন যাতে সবাই পাঠটি নিখুঁতভাবে বুঝতে পারে। দুই-তিনটি ক্লাস নেওয়ার পর তিনি কিছুটা ক্লান্ত বোধ করেন। টিফিনের বিরতির সময়, তিনি স্টাফ রুমে বসেন, অন্য শিক্ষকদের সাথে কথা বলেন এবং তার টিফিন খান। বিরতির পর, স্কুল ছুটি না হওয়া পর্যন্ত তিনি আরও ক্লাস নেন। তারপর তিনি বাড়ি ফিরে আসেন। তিনি হাত-মুখ ধুয়ে পরিবারের সাথে দুপুরের খাবার খান। সন্ধ্যায়, তিনি পরের দিনের জন্য তার পাঠ পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করেন। তিনি রান্নায়ও সাহায্য করেন। রাতে, তিনি তার মনকে শিথিল করতে কিছুটা টেলিভিশন দেখেন বা গান শোনেন। সবশেষে তিনি রাতের খাবার খেয়ে ঘুমাতে যান। একজন শিক্ষক তার ছাত্রছাত্রীদের উজ্জ্বল ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ার জন্য সারাদিন কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন।] A Day in the Life of a Teacher A teacher is a highly respected person in our society. She is the guide and builder of a nation. Students love her and always try to follow her good manners. Because students learn from her, she always leads a very disciplined and simple life. Her lifestyle is an ideal example for everyone. Except for holidays, she passes a very busy day full of different helpful activities. [আমাদের সমাজে একজন শিক্ষক অত্যন্ত সম্মানিত ব্যক্তি। তিনি একটি জাতির পথপ্রদর্শক এবং নির্মাতা। ছাত্রছাত্রীরা তাকে ভালোবাসে এবং সর্বদা তার ভালো আচরণ অনুসরণ করার চেষ্টা করে। যেহেতু ছাত্রছাত্রীরা তার কাছ থেকে শেখে, তাই তিনি সবসময় একটি খুব সুশৃঙ্খল এবং সাধারণ জীবনযাপন করেন। তার জীবনধারা সবার জন্য একটি আদর্শ উদাহরণ। ছুটির দিন ছাড়া, তিনি বিভিন্ন উপকারী কার্যকলাপে পূর্ণ একটি খুব ব্যস্ত দিন পার করেন।] Her day starts very early in the morning. After waking up, she says her prayers and begins her regular household work. She cooks food and prepares a healthy breakfast for everyone. She also helps the younger members of her family, especially her children, to get dressed and ready for their school. After finishing these morning duties and taking her breakfast, she starts her journey to her school. [তার দিনটি খুব সকালে শুরু হয়। ঘুম থেকে ওঠার পর, তিনি প্রার্থনা করেন এবং তার নিয়মিত গৃহস্থালির কাজ শুরু করেন। তিনি সবার জন্য খাবার রান্না করেন এবং একটি স্বাস্থ্যকর সকালের নাস্তা তৈরি করেন। তিনি তার পরিবারের ছোট সদস্যদের, বিশেষ করে তার সন্তানদের পোশাক পরতে এবং স্কুলের জন্য প্রস্তুত হতে সাহায্য করেন। সকালের এসব দায়িত্ব শেষ করে এবং নাস্তা খাওয়ার পর, তিনি তার স্কুলের উদ্দেশ্যে যাত্রা শুরু করেন।] She always arrives at the school on time. Before the classes begin, she makes some preparations and photocopies necessary papers for her students. She also does playground duty to look after the children when their parents drop them off. Then she joins the school assembly. After that, she goes to the classroom and teaches her students very affectionately. She explains the lessons clearly so that everyone can learn easily. [তিনি সবসময় সময়মতো স্কুলে পৌঁছান। ক্লাস শুরু হওয়ার আগে, তিনি কিছু প্রস্তুতি নেন এবং তার ছাত্রছাত্রীদের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় কাগজপত্র ফটোকপি করেন। বাবা-মা যখন বাচ্চাদের স্কুলে নামিয়ে দেয় তখন তিনি তাদের দেখাশোনা করার জন্য খেলার মাঠেও দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। তারপর তিনি স্কুলের সমাবেশে যোগ দেন। এর পরে, তিনি শ্রেণিকক্ষে যান এবং তার ছাত্রছাত্রীদের খুব স্নেহের সাথে পড়ান। তিনি পাঠগুলো স্পষ্টভাবে বুঝিয়ে দেন যাতে সবাই সহজে শিখতে পারে।] Teaching continuously for two or three periods makes her physically and mentally tired. So, she needs a break. During the leisure hour, she goes to the staff room. There she eats her tiffin, checks some exam papers, and talks nicely with the other teachers. When the tiffin break is over, she goes back to the classrooms. She takes a few more classes until the last bell of the school rings. [টানা দুই-তিন পিরিয়ড পড়ানোর কারণে তিনি শারীরিক ও মানসিকভাবে ক্লান্ত হয়ে পড়েন। তাই, তার একটি বিরতি প্রয়োজন। অবসরের সময় তিনি স্টাফ রুমে যান। সেখানে তিনি তার টিফিন খান, কিছু পরীক্ষার খাতা দেখেন এবং অন্য শিক্ষকদের সাথে সুন্দরভাবে কথা বলেন। টিফিনের বিরতি শেষ হলে, তিনি আবার শ্রেণিকক্ষে ফিরে যান। স্কুলের শেষ ঘণ্টা না বাজা পর্যন্ত তিনি আরও কয়েকটি ক্লাস নেন।] After finishing her school duties, she returns to her sweet home. She washes her hands and face, and eats lunch with her family. Then she takes a rest for some time to remove her tiredness. In the evening, she sits down to make lesson plans for the next day's classes. She also cooks supper. Before going to bed, she watches television or listens to music to relax. A teacher works very hard from morning to night to build a good nation. [তার স্কুলের দায়িত্ব শেষ করে তিনি তার মিষ্টি বাড়িতে ফিরে আসেন। তিনি হাত-মুখ ধুয়ে পরিবারের সাথে দুপুরের খাবার খান। তারপর তার ক্লান্তি দূর করতে তিনি কিছু সময় বিশ্রাম নেন। সন্ধ্যায়, তিনি পরের দিনের ক্লাসের জন্য পাঠ পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করতে বসেন। তিনি রাতের খাবারও রান্না করেন। ঘুমাতে যাওয়ার আগে, তিনি শিথিল হওয়ার জন্য টেলিভিশন দেখেন বা গান শোনেন। একজন শিক্ষক একটি ভালো জাতি গড়তে সকাল থেকে রাত পর্যন্ত কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন।] Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Activity কার্যকলাপ / কাজ Affectionately স্নেহের সাথে / ভালোবেসে Arrive পৌঁছানো Assembly সমাবেশ Breakfast সকালের নাস্তা Busy ব্যস্ত Consecutive পরপর / একটানা Cordially আন্তরিকভাবে Daily দৈনন্দিন Deliver প্রদান করা (যেমন- বক্তৃতা দেওয়া) Disciplined সুশৃঙ্খল Duty দায়িত্ব / কর্তব্য Early সকালে / তাড়াতাড়ি Evening সন্ধ্যা Example উদাহরণ Family পরিবার Future ভবিষ্যৎ Guide পথপ্রদর্শক / নির্দেশক Holiday ছুটির দিন Household গৃহস্থালি / বাড়ির কাজ Ideal আদর্শ Idol অনুকরণীয় ব্যক্তি / প্রতিমা Imitate অনুকরণ করা Impart প্রদান করা / দান করা Leisure অবসর Lesson পাঠ / পড়া Lunch দুপুরের খাবার Manner আচরণ Nation জাতি Perfectly নিখুঁতভাবে Philosopher দার্শনিক Photocopy ফটোকপি করা Playground খেলার মাঠ Prepare প্রস্তুত করা Regular নিয়মিত Relax শিথিল করা / বিশ্রাম নেওয়া Respected সম্মানিত Rest বিশ্রাম Return ফিরে আসা Routine রুটিন / নিয়ম Scheduled নির্ধারিত Staff room শিক্ষকদের বসার ঘর Student ছাত্র / ছাত্রী Supper রাতের খাবার Teacher শিক্ষক / শিক্ষিকা Tired ক্লান্ত Watch দেখা / লক্ষ্য রাখা Points for the Examination 1. Introduction of a Teacher A teacher is a highly respected person. She is the guide and builder of a nation. Students love and imitate her good manners. She leads an ideal and disciplined life. 2. Morning Routine Wakes up very early in the morning. Says her daily prayers. Cooks food and prepares breakfast. Helps family members get ready for school. 3. Activities at School Reaches the school on time. Does playground duty to look after children. Attends the daily school assembly. Teaches students cordially in the classroom. Uses easy words to explain the lessons. 4. Tiffin Break and Afternoon Becomes tired after taking continuous classes. Takes a break in the staff room. Eats tiffin and talks with other teachers. Takes remaining classes until the last bell. 5. Evening and Night Routine Returns home and eats lunch with family. Takes some rest to remove tiredness. Cooks supper for the family in the evening. Prepares lesson plans for the next day. Relaxes by watching TV or listening to music. Goes to sleep after a very busy day. Paragraph Writing - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List How to Write Paragraph with Examples Paragraphs | babarenglish Types of Paragraphs Cause and Effect Paragraph Compare and Contrast Paragraphs Descriptive Paragraph. Listing Paragraph Listing Paragraph Descriptive Paragraph Digital Literacy Important Paragraphs for Examination PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (A) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (B) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (C) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (D) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (E) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (F) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (G) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (H) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (I) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (J) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (K) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (L) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (M-1) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (M-2) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (N) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (O) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (P) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (R) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (S) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (T) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (U) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (V) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (W) PARAGRAPHS FOR JSC, SSC, HSC & OTHER EXAMINATIONS (Y) All Paragraph / Composition / Essay -Alphabetically ordered A Balanced Diet A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A Book Fair / Your Visit to a Book Fair / Bangla Academy Book Fair A Bridal Party A bus Stand A College and A University A COLLEGE CANTEEN A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A Day Labourer A FAREWELL FUNCTION A Farmer /Life of a Farmer A FILM / MOVIE I HAVE RECENTLY ENJOYED / YOUR FAVOURITE MOVIE A Fisherman / FISHES AND FISHERMEN OF BANGLADESH A GOOD CITIZEN A Good Student You Know / AN IDEAL STUDENT A Good Teacher A Hartal Day A HAWKER A HAWKER A JOUNRY BY TRAIN A JOURNEY BY BOAT / A BOAT JOURNEY YOU HAVE ENJOYED A JOURNEY BY LAUNCH A JOURNEY BY PLANE (AIR) / MY FIRST FLIGHT A LIBRARY /A School Library /A COLLEGE LIBRARY A MEMORABLE DAY IN MY LIFE / AN OCCASION I REMEMBER A Moonlit Night A Morning Walk A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A Railway Station A Rainy Day / MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY A Rickshaw Puller A Road Accident / Street Accidents/ Causes and Effects of Road Accidents A School / College Magazine A Science Fair /A SCIENCE FAIR I HAVE VISITED A Society I Dream of A STREET BEGGAR A Street Beggar A Street Hawker A Tea Stall A Traffic Police A Village Doctor A VILLAGE MARKET A Wedding Ceremony I Enjoyed/ Attended A Winter Morning ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) A ZOO / My Visit to a Zoo A JOURNEY BY BUS Accommodation Problems in Dhaka City Acid Rain Acid Violence Acid Violence​ (Paragraph / Composition / Essay on ) Adolescence Adopting unfair means in the examination Adult Literacy Afforestation AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Air Pollution An Earthquake AN EXCITING CRICKET MATCH I HAVE WITNESSED AN EXCITING FOOTBALL MATCH I HAVE WITNESSE Ancient Age and Modern Age Annual Cultural Function / Program of Your School / College Annual Sports Day of Your School /College Arranging books in a library Arsenic Pollution / ARSENICOSIS Bangabandhu Satellite Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Bangladesh : My Country / MY COUNTRY Bangladeshi Culture BANNING OF POLYBAGS Banning of Polythene Bags Basic Human Rights BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Brain Drain Campus Violence Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies / Causes of Students’ Failure in English Celebration Of 15th Birthday / My Last Birthday Party Child Labour Child Trafficking City Life / Town Life /City Life vs. Village Life / City Life and Rural Life Climate Change / Causes and Effects of Climate Change College Campus Compulsory Primary Education Computer / IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) Corona Virus /COVID-19 CORPORAL PUNISHMENT / The Impact of Corporal Punishment on Students Corruption in Bangladesh and How to Remove It Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries​ Courtesy in the Perspective of Bangladesh and the Perspective of the Western World Craftwork Cricket and Football Cyber Café Cyberbullying and its causes and effects on Young Generation Cyclone / A Natural Disaster I have Experienced DANGER OF SMOKING /BAD EFFECTS OF SMOKING/ SMOKING IS A BAD HABIT DEBATING Deforestation Democracy Democracy and Autocracy Dengue Fever Diaspora Digital Bangladesh Dignity of Labour Discipline Dowry System Dream Drug Addiction / The Curse of Drug Addiction DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS E – Learning Early Marriage Early Rising /Benefits of Early Rising Eating Habits of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh EID FESTIVAL / Eid-ul-Fitr E-learning E-mail Employment of Women / Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh Empowering Women in Bangladesh / Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Entertainment in Different Parts of Bangladesh Environment Pollution / The Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh Etiquette and Manners Eve–Teasing Exam Fitness / Strategies Extracurricular Activities / The Importance of Extra-Curricular Activities / Extra-Curricular Activities in Your School Family Life and Hostel Life Female Education / The Importance of Female Education/ GIRLS’ EDUCATION FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH / Our National Festivals FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL Floods /A flood I have witnessed / Floods in Bangladesh / FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Folk Music Food Adulteration Food Habits Prevailing in the Urban and Rural Areas FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH FRUITS OF BANGLADESH Gender Discrimination / Disparity Global Warming Globalisation /Globalization GOOD MANNERS GRAMEEN BANK HOUSING IN BANGLADESH How to Arrange a Picnic HOW TO KEEP FIT How to Open a Bank Account How to Publish a College Magazine HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE IF I WERE THE PRIME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH / IF I WERE THE HOME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH If I Win a Lottery Illiteracy Importance of Education Importance of Learning English /Necessity of Learning English IMPORTANCE OF RADIO / THE RADIO Independence Day / 26th March INFLUENCE OF WESTERN CULTURE / The Impact of Western Culture / OPEN AIR CULTURE/ WESTERN CULTURE Information Technology International Mother Language Day / THE SHAHEED DAY/ The 21st February Internet / Uses and Abuses of Internet The July Revolution or the Student–People's Uprising (2024) Junk Food/ Home-cooked Food/ Bad Effects of Eating Junk Food Life before and after Digitalization in Bangladesh Life in the Past and Life in the Present Time Life of Youths Before and After Getting Used to a Social NetworkHow to Learn English / How to Have a Good Command in English Load Shedding MASS EDUCATION MAY DAY Metro Rail / Dhaka Metro Rail Metro Rail vs Traditional Bus Mobile Phone / The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone Modern Technology Money and Happiness Moral Values / Moral 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/ Most Important Paragraphs for HSC 2025 / Paragraph Suggestion for HSC 2025/ Paragraph Writing for HSC 2025 Important Paragraphs for HSC 2026 / Most Important Paragraphs for HSC 2026 / Paragraph Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Paragraph Writing for HSC 2026

Paragraph Writing A COLLEGE CANTEEN ​ College canteen is a stall where the students, teachers, employees and guests can take light snacks as well as rice. This type of canteen is very important for the students because they can take food front there without going outside. If they go outside, it takes a lot of time and costs money for rickshaw fare. The canteen provides the students with various food items ranging from rice to bread, chicken to vegetables, sandwich to singara, coke to tea, banana to grapes etc. There area wide varieties of food for them. They can cat rice and curry or singara and tea. They can sit in the canteen or take away food from there. In some canteens there are facilities like photocopy, computer and boat stall. Students can bay books, pens, pencils etc from the stall. The canteen is usually furnished with chairs, tables. fans etc. Some canteens keep pure drinking water for the students. Students usually come to the canteen during leisure period to take food or tiffin. But some of the students come here to gossip and pass time discussing fashion, politics, personal affairs etc. Some of them come here to smoke and drink water and tea. So, canteen serves various necessities of students – both good and bad. Model Answer-2 Our College Canteen A college canteen is one of the important and useful parts of a college. An ideal college should have all teaching aids and necessary tools in order to ensure a standard education. A canteen is a place where the employees or the workers of an office or a bank or an industry or a mill take a tiffin during interval. Today a canteen is very common to any educational institutions. A college, canteen is a canteen belonging to a college. It serves tiffin and drinks to the students, staffs and the .teachers of a college during leisure hours or free time. Ours is a big and old college. More- than 2000 students both male and female are reading here. I am lucky that there is a big and modern canteen in our college compound. It is housed (located) at one corner of the college premises. It is south-facing. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There are necessary chairs, tables and other tools in the canteen. The college canteen supplies us delicious and healthful dishes. It also supplies us hot tea and coffee. Only the students of our college gather here for tiffin during tiffin hours. No outsider is allowed here. We need not go to outside for refreshment or tiffin. We abide by the rules and discipline of our college canteen. So, a -decent er-14ronment always prevails in our college canteen. A college canteen plays a vital role in saving time and keeping sound health of the students. A standard education is not possible in a college without a canteen. So each and every college should have a good canteen in order to ensure a standard education. A College Canteen A college canteen is a very important and favorite part of college life. It is a place where students, teachers, and other staff can eat food and take rest during their free time. In our college, we have a big and clean canteen. It is situated in a sunny corner of the college campus. There are many chairs and tables for everyone to sit comfortably. The canteen sells many types of food like rice, bread, chicken, vegetables, singara, sandwiches, and sweets. We can also buy tea, coffee, cold drinks, and fresh fruits here. Some canteens even have small shops to buy pens, pencils, and notebooks. A canteen is very useful because students do not need to go outside the college to eat. Going outside takes a lot of time and money. During the tiffin period, the canteen becomes very busy and noisy. Many students come here to eat delicious food with their friends. Some students also come here to sit, drink tea, and talk about their studies, sports, or politics. It is a great place to make new friends and share happiness. However, students should not waste their valuable class time sitting in the canteen. A good canteen saves our time, keeps us healthy with fresh food, and gives us fresh energy for our next classes. Every college must have a good canteen to help students stay active and happy. [কলেজ ক্যান্টিন কলেজ জীবনের একটি খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ এবং প্রিয় অংশ। এটি এমন একটি জায়গা যেখানে ছাত্র, শিক্ষক এবং অন্যান্য কর্মচারীরা তাদের অবসরে খাবার খেতে এবং বিশ্রাম নিতে পারে। আমাদের কলেজে একটি বড় এবং পরিষ্কার ক্যান্টিন আছে। এটি কলেজ ক্যাম্পাসের একটি রৌদ্রোজ্জ্বল কোণে অবস্থিত। সেখানে সবার আরাম করে বসার জন্য অনেক চেয়ার এবং টেবিল আছে। ক্যান্টিনে অনেক ধরনের খাবার বিক্রি হয় যেমন ভাত, রুটি, মুরগি, শাকসবজি, সিঙ্গারা, স্যান্ডউইচ এবং মিষ্টি। আমরা এখান থেকে চা, কফি, ঠান্ডা পানীয় এবং তাজা ফলও কিনতে পারি। কিছু ক্যান্টিনে কলম, পেন্সিল এবং খাতা কেনার জন্য ছোট দোকানও থাকে। একটি ক্যান্টিন খুব দরকারি কারণ ছাত্রদের খাওয়ার জন্য কলেজের বাইরে যাওয়ার প্রয়োজন হয় না। বাইরে গেলে অনেক সময় এবং টাকা নষ্ট হয়। টিফিনের সময়, ক্যান্টিন খুব ব্যস্ত এবং কোলাহলপূর্ণ হয়ে ওঠে। অনেক ছাত্র তাদের বন্ধুদের সাথে সুস্বাদু খাবার খেতে এখানে আসে। কিছু ছাত্র এখানে বসে চা পান করতে এবং তাদের পড়াশোনা, খেলাধুলা বা রাজনীতি নিয়ে কথা বলতেও আসে। এটি নতুন বন্ধু তৈরি করার এবং আনন্দ ভাগ করে নেওয়ার একটি দুর্দান্ত জায়গা। তবে, ছাত্রদের ক্যান্টিনে বসে তাদের মূল্যবান ক্লাসের সময় নষ্ট করা উচিত নয়। একটি ভালো ক্যান্টিন আমাদের সময় বাঁচায়, তাজা খাবার দিয়ে আমাদের সুস্থ রাখে এবং পরবর্তী ক্লাসগুলোর জন্য আমাদের নতুন শক্তি দেয়। ছাত্রদের কর্মঠ ও খুশি রাখতে প্রতিটি কলেজে একটি ভালো ক্যান্টিন থাকা উচিত।] Composition / Essay Writing A College Canteen A college canteen is a small but essential facility within a college where students, teachers, employees, and guests can enjoy light snacks, meals, or refreshments. It plays an important role in the daily lives of students by offering them easy access to food without the need to leave the campus. This saves time and money that would otherwise be spent on transportation or outside dining. The canteen typically provides a wide variety of food, including rice, bread, chicken, vegetables, sandwiches, singara, bananas, and even beverages like tea and soft drinks. It caters to different preferences, allowing students to either dine in or take their food to go. In addition to food services, some canteens offer other facilities like photocopying, access to computers, or small bookstalls where students can buy stationery items such as books, pens, and pencils. Canteens are usually furnished with basic amenities like chairs, tables, and fans to ensure a comfortable environment. Some canteens even provide clean drinking water for students, adding to their convenience. Students often visit the canteen during their free periods, not only to eat but also to relax, gossip, or discuss various topics such as fashion, politics, and personal matters. However, it is also common to see some students misusing the space for activities like smoking, which can be a negative aspect of its use. In conclusion, a college canteen serves multiple purposes beyond just providing food. It is a hub for social interaction, a space to relax, and a source of necessary supplies. While it offers numerous benefits to the students, it is important for them to use the canteen responsibly to maintain its value as a positive space within the college. Composition: A College Canteen A college canteen is an essential part of any educational institution. It is a place where students, teachers, and office staff can eat light snacks or full meals during their break times. A good college must have a good canteen to provide healthy food to its students. Without a canteen, students would face many problems regarding their daily food. [কলেজ ক্যান্টিন যেকোনো শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানের একটি অপরিহার্য অংশ। এটি এমন একটি জায়গা যেখানে ছাত্র, শিক্ষক এবং অফিসের কর্মচারীরা তাদের বিরতির সময় হালকা নাস্তা বা পূর্ণাঙ্গ খাবার খেতে পারে। শিক্ষার্থীদের স্বাস্থ্যকর খাবার দেওয়ার জন্য একটি ভালো কলেজে অবশ্যই একটি ভালো ক্যান্টিন থাকতে হবে। ক্যান্টিন না থাকলে শিক্ষার্থীদের তাদের প্রতিদিনের খাবার নিয়ে অনেক সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হতে হতো।] In our college, we have a very big, modern, and beautiful canteen. It is located at the south corner of the college campus. Because of its location, the canteen is very airy and gets plenty of sunlight. Inside the canteen, there are many clean chairs, large tables, and moving ceiling fans. The environment is always kept neat and clean so that everyone can sit and eat in peace. [আমাদের কলেজে একটি খুব বড়, আধুনিক এবং সুন্দর ক্যান্টিন আছে। এটি কলেজ ক্যাম্পাসের দক্ষিণ কোণে অবস্থিত। এর অবস্থানের কারণে, ক্যান্টিনটি খুব বাতাসপূর্ণ এবং প্রচুর সূর্যের আলো পায়। ক্যান্টিনের ভেতরে অনেক পরিষ্কার চেয়ার, বড় টেবিল এবং চলন্ত সিলিং ফ্যান রয়েছে। পরিবেশ সবসময় পরিষ্কার-পরিচ্ছন্ন রাখা হয় যাতে সবাই শান্তিতে বসে খেতে পারে।] The college canteen provides a wide variety of fresh and delicious food. Students can buy rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables for their lunch. For light snacks, the canteen sells singara, sandwiches, cakes, and biscuits. Hot tea, coffee, and cold drinks are also available here at a low price. Besides, the canteen always supplies pure drinking water for everyone. Sometimes, students can even buy small things like pens and notebooks from a small corner of the canteen. [কলেজ ক্যান্টিন বিভিন্ন ধরনের তাজা এবং সুস্বাদু খাবার সরবরাহ করে। শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের দুপুরের খাবারের জন্য ভাত, মাছ, মুরগি এবং শাকসবজি কিনতে পারে। হালকা নাস্তার জন্য, ক্যান্টিনে সিঙ্গারা, স্যান্ডউইচ, কেক এবং বিস্কুট বিক্রি হয়। গরম চা, কফি এবং ঠান্ডা পানীয়ও এখানে কম দামে পাওয়া যায়। এছাড়া, ক্যান্টিন সবসময় সবার জন্য বিশুদ্ধ পানীয় জল সরবরাহ করে। কখনো কখনো, শিক্ষার্থীরা ক্যান্টিনের একটি ছোট কোণ থেকে কলম এবং খাতার মতো ছোট জিনিসও কিনতে পারে।] The atmosphere in the canteen changes throughout the day. During class hours, it remains quiet. But when the bell rings for the tiffin period, it becomes very crowded and noisy. Students gather here in groups. They eat food, drink tea, and gossip with their friends. They discuss their studies, sports, daily news, and personal matters. This place becomes a center of joy and friendship. Since outsider people are not allowed, the students feel very safe and comfortable here. [ক্যান্টিনের পরিবেশ সারাদিন ধরে বদলাতে থাকে। ক্লাসের সময় এটি শান্ত থাকে। কিন্তু যখন টিফিনের জন্য ঘণ্টা বাজে, তখন এটি খুব জনাকীর্ণ এবং কোলাহলপূর্ণ হয়ে ওঠে। শিক্ষার্থীরা এখানে দল বেঁধে জড়ো হয়। তারা খাবার খায়, চা পান করে এবং বন্ধুদের সাথে আড্ডা দেয়। তারা তাদের পড়াশোনা, খেলাধুলা, প্রতিদিনের খবর এবং ব্যক্তিগত বিষয় নিয়ে আলোচনা করে। এই জায়গাটি আনন্দ এবং বন্ধুত্বের কেন্দ্র হয়ে ওঠে। যেহেতু বাইরের লোকদের অনুমতি নেই, তাই শিক্ষার্থীরা এখানে খুব নিরাপদ এবং আরামদায়ক বোধ করে।] A college canteen is very useful because it saves a lot of time. If there were no canteen, students would have to go to outside restaurants, which takes time and extra money. However, some students misuse the canteen by sitting there all day and missing their classes. Students should be careful about this bad habit. In conclusion, a college canteen plays a great role in keeping students healthy, active, and happy throughout their busy college hours. [একটি কলেজ ক্যান্টিন খুব দরকারী কারণ এটি অনেক সময় বাঁচায়। যদি কোনো ক্যান্টিন না থাকত, তবে শিক্ষার্থীদের বাইরের রেস্তোরাঁয় যেতে হতো, যাতে সময় এবং অতিরিক্ত অর্থ ব্যয় হয়। তবে, কিছু শিক্ষার্থী সারাদিন সেখানে বসে থেকে এবং ক্লাস মিস করে ক্যান্টিনের অপব্যবহার করে। শিক্ষার্থীদের এই খারাপ অভ্যাসের ব্যাপারে সতর্ক হওয়া উচিত। উপসংহারে বলা যায়, ব্যস্ত কলেজ চলাকালীন শিক্ষার্থীদের সুস্থ, কর্মঠ এবং খুশি রাখতে একটি কলেজ ক্যান্টিন দারুণ ভূমিকা পালন করে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Active কর্মঠ / সক্রিয় Allowed অনুমোদিত / অনুমতি আছে Atmosphere পরিবেশ / আবহাওয়া Beautiful সুন্দর Canteen ক্যান্টিন / খাবার ঘর Careful সতর্ক / সাবধান Center কেন্দ্র Comfortable আরামদায়ক Corner কোণ Crowded জনাকীর্ণ / ভিড়ে ঠাসা Delicious সুস্বাদু Discuss আলোচনা করা Educational শিক্ষামূলক Environment পরিবেশ Essential অপরিহার্য / প্রয়োজনীয় Extra অতিরিক্ত Facility সুযোগ-সুবিধা Favorite প্রিয় Fresh তাজা / সতেজ Friendship বন্ধুত্ব Gather জড়ো হওয়া / একত্রিত হওয়া Gossip আড্ডা দেওয়া / গল্পগুজব করা Habit অভ্যাস Healthy স্বাস্থ্যকর Institution প্রতিষ্ঠান Leisure অবসর Located অবস্থিত Misuse অপব্যবহার করা Modern আধুনিক Necessity প্রয়োজনীয়তা Outside বাইরে Period সময় / পিরিয়ড Personal ব্যক্তিগত Plenty প্রচুর Premises প্রাঙ্গণ Provide সরবরাহ করা / দেওয়া Pure বিশুদ্ধ Quiet শান্ত Refreshment হালকা নাস্তা / জলখাবার Restaurant রেস্তোরাঁ Save বাঁচানো / সংরক্ষণ করা Snack হালকা খাবার Standard মানসম্মত Tiffin টিফিন / হালকা খাবার Useful উপকারী / দরকারি Variety বৈচিত্র্য / বিভিন্ন ধরনের Vital অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Waste নষ্ট করা / অপচয় করা Points for the Examination 1. Introduction and Location A place to eat light snacks and meals. Essential for students, teachers, and staff. Usually located in a good, airy corner of the campus. Furnished with clean tables, chairs, and fans. 2. Food Items and Facilities Provides rice, chicken, fish, and vegetables. Sells snacks like singara, sandwiches, cakes, and biscuits. Offers hot tea, coffee, and cold drinks. Supplies pure drinking water. Some have small stalls for pens and notebooks. 3. Atmosphere and Activities Quiet during classes, very noisy during tiffin time. Students gather in groups to eat and gossip. A place to discuss studies, politics, and personal matters. Outsiders are usually not allowed. 4. Importance and Advantages Saves time from going outside the college. Saves extra rickshaw fare or money. Provides safe and hygienic food for students. Refreshes the mind for the next classes. 5. Demerits and Conclusion Some students waste time gossiping. Some students miss classes to sit in the canteen. Overall, it is highly necessary for a healthy college life. Every standard college must have one.

Paragraph Writing A College and A University Colleges and universities both offer higher education, but they have some differences. In our country, colleges are overseen by the National University. However, in Dhaka, seven public colleges are managed by the University of Dhaka. Colleges can't freely decide their syllabus and curriculum, unlike universities, which have full independence in this regard. Universities have more privileges than colleges. They have larger campuses and operate on a bigger scale academically, while colleges are confined to smaller areas. Universities have enough teaching materials and skilled teachers, leading to more developed teaching methods. In contrast, colleges often lack qualified teachers. University teachers also enjoy additional facilities, allowing them to dedicate more time compared to their college counterparts. University certificates hold more weight in job fields compared to those from colleges. College students often face various challenges and frustrations, but both colleges and universities contribute significantly to the nation. In summary, colleges and universities serve the purpose of higher education, but universities typically have more autonomy, resources, and qualified faculty. This results in enhanced teaching methods and more prestigious certificates. Despite the challenges faced by college students, both institutions play crucial roles in the education system. Model Answer-2 A College and A University Colleges and universities are two very important places for higher education in our country. After passing the higher secondary exams, students go to these places to get their higher degrees and build a good life. But there are some big differences between a college and a university. In our country, most of the colleges are run by the National University. A college cannot make its own syllabus, rules, or exam routine. It must always follow the strict instructions of the main university. On the other hand, a public university is totally free to make its own rules, syllabus, and exam routines. A university is also much bigger than a normal college. It has a very large campus, big libraries filled with many books, modern science laboratories, and big residential halls for students to live in. Colleges usually have smaller areas and fewer facilities. Also, a university has many highly educated and skilled teachers. These teachers get good facilities and can give more time to teach their students properly. So, the teaching system in a university is very advanced and helpful. But in many colleges, there is often a sad lack of expert teachers and proper teaching materials. Because of this high quality, a university degree has much more value in the job market than a college degree. When students from universities look for jobs, they get a little more preference. College students sometimes face different problems and feel sad. However, both colleges and universities are doing a great job today. [কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আমাদের দেশে উচ্চশিক্ষার জন্য দুটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ স্থান। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক পরীক্ষায় পাসের পর শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের উচ্চতর ডিগ্রি অর্জন করতে এবং একটি সুন্দর জীবন গড়তে এসব জায়গায় যায়। তবে একটি কলেজ এবং একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের মধ্যে কিছু বড় পার্থক্য রয়েছে। আমাদের দেশে বেশিরভাগ কলেজ জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের অধীনে পরিচালিত হয়। একটি কলেজ তার নিজস্ব সিলেবাস, নিয়ম বা পরীক্ষার রুটিন তৈরি করতে পারে না। একে অবশ্যই মূল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের কঠোর নির্দেশ সর্বদা মেনে চলতে হয়। অন্যদিকে, একটি পাবলিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় তার নিজস্ব নিয়ম, সিলেবাস এবং পরীক্ষার রুটিন তৈরি করতে সম্পূর্ণ স্বাধীন। একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সাধারণ কলেজের চেয়ে অনেক বড়ও হয়। এর একটি বিশাল ক্যাম্পাস, অনেক বইয়ে ভরা বড় লাইব্রেরি, আধুনিক বিজ্ঞান গবেষণাগার এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের থাকার জন্য বড় আবাসিক হল থাকে। কলেজগুলোর সাধারণত ছোট এলাকা এবং কম সুযোগ-সুবিধা থাকে। এছাড়াও, একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে অনেক উচ্চ শিক্ষিত এবং দক্ষ শিক্ষক থাকেন। এই শিক্ষকরা ভালো সুযোগ-সুবিধা পান এবং তাদের শিক্ষার্থীদের সঠিকভাবে পড়ানোর জন্য বেশি সময় দিতে পারেন। তাই, একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থা অনেক উন্নত এবং সহায়ক। কিন্তু অনেক কলেজে প্রায়ই বিশেষজ্ঞ শিক্ষক এবং সঠিক শিক্ষা উপকরণের দুঃখজনক অভাব থাকে। এই উচ্চ মানের কারণে, চাকরির বাজারে একটি কলেজের ডিগ্রির চেয়ে একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ডিগ্রির অনেক বেশি মূল্য রয়েছে। যখন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে আসা শিক্ষার্থীরা চাকরি খোঁজে, তারা একটু বেশি অগ্রাধিকার পায়। কলেজের শিক্ষার্থীরা মাঝে মাঝে বিভিন্ন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয় এবং মন খারাপ করে। তবে, আজ কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় উভয়ই একটি দুর্দান্ত কাজ করছে।] Composition / Essay Writing A College and A University: A Comparative Analysis Colleges and universities both serve the purpose of providing higher education, but they differ in several aspects. These differences relate to their administration, academic freedom, resources, and impact on students’ careers. In our country, colleges are governed by the National University, except for the seven public colleges in Dhaka, which are managed by the University of Dhaka. This administrative structure limits the autonomy of colleges, as they cannot independently decide their syllabus or curriculum. Universities, on the other hand, have full academic freedom, allowing them to create and implement their own programs and courses. This independence gives universities a distinct advantage in shaping education. Another key difference lies in the scale and resources of these institutions. Universities typically have larger campuses, extensive facilities, and access to abundant teaching materials. They also employ highly skilled teachers, which enhances the quality of education. In contrast, colleges often operate within smaller areas and sometimes struggle with inadequate teaching resources and fewer qualified faculty members. These limitations can hinder the learning experience for college students. Universities also offer their teachers additional facilities, enabling them to focus more on research and teaching. This contributes to better teaching methods and a more dynamic academic environment. Furthermore, degrees from universities hold greater value in the job market compared to those from colleges, providing university graduates with better career opportunities. Despite these differences, both colleges and universities are vital to the education system. College students often face frustrations due to resource limitations, but colleges still play a significant role in providing accessible education to a larger population. Similarly, universities contribute to advanced learning and research, which are essential for national progress. In conclusion, while colleges and universities share the common goal of higher education, universities stand out for their autonomy, superior resources, and better-qualified faculty. However, both institutions are indispensable in shaping an educated and skilled workforce for the nation. A College and A University Education is the backbone of a nation. After finishing school and higher secondary education, students dream of going to colleges and universities. Both of these places are very important for higher education. They give degrees and help students to build a successful career. However, even though they do the same kind of work, there are some clear differences between a college and a university. [শিক্ষা একটি জাতির মেরুদণ্ড। স্কুল ও উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা শেষ করার পর, শিক্ষার্থীরা কলেজ ও বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে যাওয়ার স্বপ্ন দেখে। উচ্চশিক্ষার জন্য এই দুটি জায়গাই খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এগুলো ডিগ্রি প্রদান করে এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের একটি সফল ক্যারিয়ার গড়তে সাহায্য করে। তবে, যদিও তারা একই ধরনের কাজ করে, কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের মধ্যে কিছু স্পষ্ট পার্থক্য রয়েছে।] The main difference between them is the level of freedom. In our country, most of the colleges are controlled by the National University. There is an exception in Dhaka, where seven public colleges are run by the University of Dhaka. Colleges cannot make their own syllabus, curriculum, or exam routine. They must follow the strict rules of the main university. But a university has full freedom. It can make its own syllabus, routine, and decide how to teach its students perfectly. [এদের মধ্যে প্রধান পার্থক্য হলো স্বাধীনতার মাত্রা। আমাদের দেশে বেশিরভাগ কলেজ জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রিত হয়। ঢাকায় এর একটি ব্যতিক্রম রয়েছে, যেখানে সাতটি সরকারি কলেজ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় দ্বারা পরিচালিত হয়। কলেজগুলো নিজেদের সিলেবাস, শিক্ষাক্রম বা পরীক্ষার রুটিন তৈরি করতে পারে না। তাদের অবশ্যই মূল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের কঠোর নিয়ম মেনে চলতে হয়। কিন্তু একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের পূর্ণ স্বাধীনতা রয়েছে। এটি তার নিজস্ব সিলেবাস, রুটিন তৈরি করতে পারে এবং কীভাবে তার শিক্ষার্থীদের নিখুঁতভাবে পড়াবে তা নির্ধারণ করতে পারে।] Another big difference is the size of the campus and the number of facilities. A university is built on a very large area. It has big playgrounds, rich libraries, modern laboratories, and many residential halls for students to live in. On the other hand, a college is usually confined to a smaller area. It does not have as many facilities or as much money as a university. The educational activities in a university are much bigger and wider than in a college. [আরেকটি বড় পার্থক্য হলো ক্যাম্পাসের আকার এবং সুযোগ-সুবিধার সংখ্যা। একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় অনেক বড় এলাকার ওপর নির্মিত হয়। এতে বড় খেলার মাঠ, সমৃদ্ধ লাইব্রেরি, আধুনিক গবেষণাগার এবং শিক্ষার্থীদের থাকার জন্য অনেক আবাসিক হল থাকে। অন্যদিকে, একটি কলেজ সাধারণত একটি ছোট এলাকায় সীমাবদ্ধ থাকে। এতে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের মতো এত সুযোগ-সুবিধা বা অর্থ থাকে না। একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষামূলক কার্যক্রম কলেজের চেয়ে অনেক বড় এবং বিস্তৃত।] Teachers and teaching methods are also quite different. A university has many expert and highly educated teachers. These teachers get better facilities, which allows them to spend more time on reading, research, and teaching. This makes the teaching method in a university very advanced. Sadly, colleges often do not have enough qualified teachers or modern teaching materials. Because of this high quality, a university certificate is much more valued in the job market than a college certificate. [শিক্ষক এবং শিক্ষাদানের পদ্ধতিও বেশ ভিন্ন। একটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে অনেক বিশেষজ্ঞ এবং উচ্চ শিক্ষিত শিক্ষক থাকেন। এই শিক্ষকরা ভালো সুযোগ-সুবিধা পান, যা তাদের পড়াশোনা, গবেষণা এবং শিক্ষাদানে বেশি সময় ব্যয় করতে সাহায্য করে। এটি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের শিক্ষাদানের পদ্ধতিকে খুব উন্নত করে তোলে। দুঃখজনকভাবে, কলেজগুলোতে প্রায়ই পর্যাপ্ত যোগ্য শিক্ষক বা আধুনিক শিক্ষা উপকরণের অভাব থাকে। এই উচ্চ মানের কারণে, চাকরির বাজারে একটি কলেজের সার্টিফিকেটের চেয়ে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের সার্টিফিকেটের অনেক বেশি মূল্য দেওয়া হয়।] In conclusion, college students often face many problems and sometimes feel frustrated about their studies and career. But we can never ignore the value of colleges. Not every student can get a chance to study in a public university. Colleges give higher education to millions of students all over the country. Both colleges and universities play a huge role in our education system. They work together to educate the people and build a bright, strong future for our country. [উপসংহারে বলা যায়, কলেজের শিক্ষার্থীরা প্রায়ই অনেক সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয় এবং কখনো কখনো তাদের পড়াশোনা ও ক্যারিয়ার নিয়ে হতাশ বোধ করে। কিন্তু আমরা কখনোই কলেজের মূল্যকে উপেক্ষা করতে পারি না। প্রতিটি শিক্ষার্থী পাবলিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে পড়ার সুযোগ পায় না। কলেজ সারা দেশের লাখ লাখ শিক্ষার্থীকে উচ্চশিক্ষা দেয়। কলেজ এবং বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় উভয়েই আমাদের শিক্ষাব্যবস্থায় বিশাল ভূমিকা পালন করে। তারা জনগণকে শিক্ষিত করতে এবং আমাদের দেশের জন্য একটি উজ্জ্বল, শক্তিশালী ভবিষ্যৎ গড়তে একসাথে কাজ করে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Academically শিক্ষাগতভাবে Advanced উন্নত / আধুনিক Area এলাকা / জায়গা Autonomy স্বায়ত্তশাসন / স্বাধীনতা Backbone মেরুদণ্ড Campus শিক্ষাঙ্গন / ক্যাম্পাস Career পেশা / কর্মজীবন Certificate সনদপত্র / সার্টিফিকেট Challenge চ্যালেঞ্জ / সমস্যা Confined সীমাবদ্ধ / আবদ্ধ Contribute অবদান রাখা Control নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা Crucial অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Curriculum শিক্ষাক্রম / পাঠ্যক্রম Dedicate উৎসর্গ করা / সময় দেওয়া Degree উপাধি / ডিগ্রি Difference পার্থক্য / তফাত Educate শিক্ষিত করা Enhanced উন্নত / বর্ধিত Exception ব্যতিক্রম Expert বিশেষজ্ঞ / দক্ষ Facility সুযোগ-সুবিধা Faculty শিক্ষকবৃন্দ / অনুষদ Freedom স্বাধীনতা / মুক্তি Frustration হতাশা / নিরাশা Higher education উচ্চশিক্ষা Ignore উপেক্ষা করা / অগ্রাহ্য করা Independence স্বাধীনতা Institution প্রতিষ্ঠান Job market চাকরির বাজার Laboratory গবেষণাগার / ল্যাবরেটরি Lack অভাব / ঘাটতি Leader নেতা Material উপকরণ / জিনিসপত্র Method পদ্ধতি / উপায় Nation জাতি Overseen তদারকি করা / দেখাশোনা করা Preference অগ্রাধিকার / পছন্দ Prestigious সম্মানজনক / মর্যাদাপূর্ণ Privilege বিশেষ সুবিধা Qualified যোগ্য Resource সম্পদ / উৎস Role ভূমিকা Routine রুটিন / নিয়ম Scale পরিসর / মাত্রা Significantly তাৎপর্যপূর্ণভাবে Skilled দক্ষ Strict কঠোর Student শিক্ষার্থী / ছাত্র-ছাত্রী Successful সফল Syllabus পাঠ্যসূচি / সিলেবাস System পদ্ধতি / ব্যবস্থা University বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় Value মূল্য / গুরুত্ব Points for the Examination 1. Introduction & Basic Role Both offer higher education. Students go there after passing higher secondary exams. Both help students build their careers. Both play a crucial role in building the nation. 2. Management and Freedom Colleges are overseen by the National University. (Exception: 7 public colleges in Dhaka under Dhaka University). Colleges cannot make their own syllabus or rules. Universities have full independence and autonomy. 3. Campus and Facilities Universities have very large campuses. Universities have big libraries, labs, and residential halls. Colleges are confined to smaller areas. Colleges operate on a much smaller scale. 4. Teachers and Teaching Methods Universities have many highly qualified and skilled teachers. University teachers get more facilities and give more time. Teaching methods in universities are very advanced. Colleges often lack qualified teachers and teaching materials. 5. Job Market and Value University certificates are more prestigious. University students get preference in the job market. College students often face challenges and frustration. 6. Conclusion Not everyone gets a chance to study at a university. Colleges educate millions of students across the country. Both institutions are essential for the education system.

Paragraph Writing A bus Stand A bus stand is a place from where service buses stop and start for the passengers in a fixed time. A great number of up and down buses touch the stand at different hours of the day and night. It is a part and parcel of bus communication of a country. It is generally situated besides the roadside. From here buses go for various destinations and buses come here from different places. A bus stand is a busy and noisy place. It remains crowed almost at all hours of the day. There are some ticket counters in a bus stand. People are found standing to buy tickets in a long line. Around a bus stand some stationary shops, restaurants, saloons, book-stalls and tea-stalls are found. Even magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. Besides, rickshaws, vans, auto-rickshaws are seen standing for the passengers. The passengers wait impatiently for the buses in the bus stand. When the buses come and buses go, it looks very noisy. At this moment some hawkers cry out to sell their goods and some beggars sing for begging. Actually a bus stand is a very noisy and dirty place. In spite of being a noisy and dirty place it helps us in many ways. In fact, a bus stand is a useful place. A bus stand plays an important role in communication of a country. A Bus Stand A bus stand serves as a crucial place for buses to stop and start their journeys. Due to the advancement of roads and highways, the number of buses operating daily has risen considerably, hence elevating the importance of bus stands. These stands can be commonly found alongside roads, with a few significant ones located at district headquarters or prominent cities, including the capital city. Besides these major bus stands, several smaller ones are scattered all over the country. At certain bus stands, shelters are provided to ensure the convenience of the waiting passengers. Nowadays, popular bus stands have ticket counters for passengers to book their seats in advance. Such places are typically chaotic and noisy, with passengers waiting under the open sky in the absence of shelters. Tea stalls are often found nearby, offering refreshments to passengers. Street hawkers are also present, attempting to attract the attention of passengers by selling betel leaves, biscuits, breads, cigarettes, pamphlets, magazines, and other items. Furthermore, some street beggars make loud cries to draw the attention of the passengers. Upon the arrival of a bus, there is a general hurry and bustle among the passengers, who push one another to get on the often overcrowded vehicles. Certain bus stands may be filthy and noisy, with thieves, swindlers, and pickpockets disguised among the crowds, attempting to deceive innocent passengers. In spite of being a noisy and dirty place it helps us in many ways. In fact, a bus stand is a useful place. A bus stand plays an important role in communication of a country. A BUS STAND ​ A bus stand is a place where service buses stop and start from. After a fixed time a good number of up and down buses touch at a bus stand at different hours of the day and night. In cities there are sheds for passengers at a bus stand. It is a temporary shelter for passengers. Passengers wait for sometime to get on a bus. In some bus stands there are counters for ticket. Passengers stand in a line for buying tickets. Sometimes there is exchange of hot words if anybody breaks the line. A bus stand is a busy place. One bus comes and another stands for. The passengers become busy in procuring a seat. The drivers and conductors are also very busy. Their shouts are heard. They try to get as many passengers as they can. A bus stand is always noisy. There are roadside tea-stalls, small shops and hawkers selling betel leaf and cigarette at a bus stand. Magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. It is a useful place indeed. ​ A BUS STAND ​ A bus stand is generally a place where public buses usually stay for some time. Near the place there lies a shed which protects the passengers from the sun and the rain. Sometimes, there is a long queue of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus arrives, there is a rush of passengers to get down and to get into the bus. Taking the advantage of this, pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. There are different types of shops that sell foods, fruits, newspapers and other essentials. Hawkers, with their peculiar shouting, try to sell betels, cigarettes, biscuits, chocolates, newspapers, and such other things. People of all ages while away time here when they get chance. A bus stand in Bangladesh often causes traffic jam because most of the bus drivers do not follow traffic rules. This is a great threat to our smooth communication. So steps should be taken to improve the condition of the bus stands for the betterment of the passengers. ​ A Bus Stand ​ A bus stand is nothing but a halting and starting place for buses. In a bus stand, there is a temporary shed for the passengers. It is open on all sides. The passengers wait here to avail a bus. There is a heavy rush of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus comes, passengers rush to get into it. The passengers who are inside the bus are not able to get down from it due to on-rush of the passengers who try to get into the bus. In this way, pushing and pulling among the passengers go on. In some bus stands, there are book stalls and small tea shops. The hawkers sell betel leaf, bread, chanachur, betel nuts, cigarettes, chocolates, newspapers and magazines etc. Now and then, seasonal fruits are sold in a bus stand. When a bus comes, shouts of the helpers and conductors of the buses are hoard continually. Hawkers try to draw the attention of the passengers by their peculiar shouts. In Bangladesh, most of the bus stands do not have sheds. So the passengers suffer under scorching heat of the sun. They also get wet by the sudden shower of rain. A bus stand is not an attractive place. Yet it is a very useful place undoubtedly. Bangla Translation একটা বাস স্ট্যান্ড বাসস্ট্যান্ড হল এমন একটি স্থান যেখান থেকে একটি নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে যাত্রীদের জন্য সার্ভিস বাসগুলি থামে এবং শুরু করে। দিন ও রাতের বিভিন্ন সময়ে প্রচুর সংখ্যক আপ এবং ডাউন বাস স্ট্যান্ড স্পর্শ করে। এটি একটি দেশের বাস যোগাযোগের একটি অংশ এবং পার্সেল। এটি সাধারণত রাস্তার পাশে অবস্থিত। এখান থেকে বাস বিভিন্ন গন্তব্যে যায় এবং বিভিন্ন স্থান থেকে বাস এখানে আসে। একটি বাসস্ট্যান্ড একটি ব্যস্ত এবং কোলাহলপূর্ণ জায়গা। এটি দিনের প্রায় সব সময় কাক থাকে। একটি বাসস্ট্যান্ডে কয়েকটি টিকেট কাউন্টার রয়েছে। টিকিট কিনতে দীর্ঘ লাইনে দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে দেখা যায় লোকজনকে। বাসস্ট্যান্ডের আশেপাশে কিছু স্থির দোকান, রেস্তোরাঁ, সেলুন, বইয়ের স্টল এবং চা-স্টল দেখা যায়। এমনকি পত্রিকা ও মৌসুমি ফলও এখানে বিক্রি হয়। এছাড়া রিকশা, ভ্যান, অটোরিকশাগুলো যাত্রীদের জন্য দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে দেখা যায়। বাসস্ট্যান্ডে বাসের জন্য যাত্রীরা অধীর অপেক্ষায় থাকে। যখন বাস আসে এবং বাস যায় তখন খুব কোলাহল দেখায়। এই মুহুর্তে কিছু হকার তাদের পণ্য বিক্রির জন্য চিৎকার করে এবং কিছু ভিক্ষুক ভিক্ষার জন্য গান করে। আসলে বাসস্ট্যান্ড খুবই কোলাহলপূর্ণ এবং নোংরা জায়গা। একটি কোলাহলপূর্ণ এবং নোংরা জায়গা হওয়া সত্ত্বেও এটি আমাদের বিভিন্ন উপায়ে সাহায্য করে। আসলে, একটি বাস স্ট্যান্ড একটি দরকারী জায়গা। একটি বাসস্ট্যান্ড একটি দেশের যোগাযোগে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। Paragraph: A Bus Stand A bus stand is a very busy and important place where buses stop to take and drop passengers. We can see bus stands beside main roads, in small towns, and in big cities like the capital. Every day, thousands of men, women, and children come here to travel from one place to another. A bus stand is always noisy and crowded. People wait for their buses with bags and luggage in their hands. Some big bus stands have sheds or waiting rooms for passengers, but in many small places, people have to wait under the open sky. There are ticket counters where people stand in a line to buy tickets. When a bus arrives at the stand, the real rush begins. Everyone tries to get on the bus quickly. They push each other, and it becomes very chaotic. The drivers and helpers shout loudly to call the passengers. There are also many small shops and tea stalls around the bus stand. Hawkers walk around the buses selling fruits, water, betel leaves, biscuits, and magazines. Sometimes, beggars are seen asking for money in a loud voice. Passengers must be very careful because there are pickpockets and thieves in the crowd. Although a bus stand is often a dirty and noisy place, it is very useful for our daily life. It makes our journey easy and helps us to connect with different parts of the country. [বাস স্ট্যান্ড একটি খুব ব্যস্ত এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ জায়গা যেখানে বাসগুলো যাত্রী ওঠাতে এবং নামাতে থামে। আমরা প্রধান রাস্তার পাশে, ছোট শহরে এবং রাজধানীর মতো বড় শহরগুলোতে বাস স্ট্যান্ড দেখতে পাই। প্রতিদিন হাজার হাজার পুরুষ, মহিলা এবং শিশু এক জায়গা থেকে অন্য জায়গায় ভ্রমণের জন্য এখানে আসে। একটি বাস স্ট্যান্ড সবসময় কোলাহলপূর্ণ এবং জনাকীর্ণ থাকে। মানুষ তাদের হাতে ব্যাগ এবং লাগেজ নিয়ে বাসের জন্য অপেক্ষা করে। কিছু বড় বাস স্ট্যান্ডে যাত্রীদের জন্য শেড বা অপেক্ষার ঘর থাকে, কিন্তু অনেক ছোট জায়গায় মানুষকে খোলা আকাশের নিচে অপেক্ষা করতে হয়। সেখানে টিকিট কাউন্টার থাকে যেখানে মানুষ টিকিট কেনার জন্য লাইনে দাঁড়ায়। যখন একটি বাস স্ট্যান্ডে পৌঁছায়, তখন আসল ভিড় শুরু হয়। সবাই তাড়াতাড়ি বাসে ওঠার চেষ্টা করে। তারা একে অপরকে ধাক্কা দেয় এবং এটি খুব বিশৃঙ্খল হয়ে ওঠে। চালক এবং হেলপাররা যাত্রীদের ডাকার জন্য জোরে চিৎকার করে। বাস স্ট্যান্ডের চারপাশে অনেক ছোট দোকান এবং চায়ের দোকানও থাকে। হকাররা বাসের চারপাশে ফল, পানি, পান, বিস্কুট এবং পত্রিকা বিক্রি করতে হাঁটে। কখনো কখনো ভিক্ষুকদের উচ্চস্বরে টাকা চাইতে দেখা যায়। যাত্রীদের খুব সতর্ক থাকতে হবে কারণ ভিড়ের মধ্যে পকেটমার এবং চোর থাকে। যদিও বাস স্ট্যান্ড প্রায়ই একটি নোংরা এবং কোলাহলপূর্ণ জায়গা, এটি আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের জন্য খুবই উপকারী। এটি আমাদের যাত্রাকে সহজ করে এবং দেশের বিভিন্ন অংশের সাথে সংযুক্ত হতে সাহায্য করে।] Composition / Essay Writing A Bus Stand A bus stand is a designated place where service buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers at scheduled times. It plays a vital role in the communication network of a country, serving as a hub for bus transportation. Typically located beside a roadside, a bus stand connects different destinations, with buses arriving and departing at various hours, both day and night. A bus stand is usually a bustling and noisy area, crowded with passengers and vehicles. People are often seen waiting in long lines at ticket counters to buy tickets. Around the bus stand, there are various shops and stalls, including stationary shops, restaurants, bookstalls, saloons, and tea stalls. Hawkers selling magazines, seasonal fruits, and other items add to the vibrant yet chaotic atmosphere. In addition to buses, other modes of transportation, such as rickshaws, auto-rickshaws, and vans, are stationed nearby to carry passengers to their destinations. The scene is lively and full of activity, especially when buses arrive or depart, creating a flurry of movement and noise. Hawkers loudly advertise their goods, and beggars often sing or appeal for alms, adding to the overall commotion. Despite being noisy and sometimes dirty, a bus stand is an essential part of everyday life. It facilitates travel and transportation, making it a crucial component of a country’s communication system. A bus stand may not be a comfortable place, but its utility in connecting people and places cannot be overstated. A Bus Stand A bus stand is a regular stopping place for buses. It is a very important part of the transport system in our country. A bus stand is a place where buses halt to pick up and drop off passengers. Due to the development of roads and highways, people travel by bus a lot. So, the number of bus stands has increased everywhere. We can find them in villages, towns, and big cities. [বাস স্ট্যান্ড হলো বাস থামার একটি নিয়মিত জায়গা। এটি আমাদের দেশের পরিবহন ব্যবস্থার একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। বাস স্ট্যান্ড এমন একটি জায়গা যেখানে যাত্রীদের ওঠাতে এবং নামাতে বাসগুলো থামে। রাস্তা ও মহাসড়কের উন্নয়নের কারণে মানুষ বাসে করে অনেক যাতায়াত করে। তাই, সব জায়গায় বাস স্ট্যান্ডের সংখ্যা বেড়েছে। আমরা এগুলো গ্রাম, শহর এবং বড় শহরগুলোতে দেখতে পাই।] The scenery of a bus stand is always busy and full of life. From early morning till late at night, a bus stand is crowded with different types of people. At big bus stands, there are ticket counters where people book their seats. There are also sheds for passengers to sit and rest. But at smaller bus stands, there are no sheds, and people have to stand under the hot sun or rain to wait for their bus. [বাস স্ট্যান্ডের দৃশ্য সবসময় ব্যস্ত এবং প্রাণবন্ত থাকে। ভোর থেকে গভীর রাত পর্যন্ত একটি বাস স্ট্যান্ড বিভিন্ন ধরনের মানুষে ভরপুর থাকে। বড় বাস স্ট্যান্ডগুলোতে টিকিট কাউন্টার থাকে যেখানে মানুষ তাদের সিট বুক করে। যাত্রীদের বসার এবং বিশ্রাম নেওয়ার জন্য শেডও থাকে। কিন্তু ছোট বাস স্ট্যান্ডগুলোতে কোনো শেড থাকে না এবং বাসের জন্য অপেক্ষা করতে মানুষকে প্রখর রোদ বা বৃষ্টির নিচে দাঁড়াতে হয়।] When a bus arrives at the stand, the situation changes completely. A general hurry and bustle start among the waiting people. The helpers of the buses shout loudly to attract the passengers. Everyone wants to get on the bus first to get a good seat. People push one another, and the door of the bus becomes overcrowded. People getting off the bus also face a lot of trouble. [যখন একটি বাস স্ট্যান্ডে আসে, তখন পরিস্থিতি পুরোপুরি বদলে যায়। অপেক্ষমাণ মানুষদের মধ্যে এক সাধারণ তাড়াহুড়ো ও ব্যস্ততা শুরু হয়। বাসের হেলপাররা যাত্রীদের আকর্ষণ করতে জোরে চিৎকার করে। একটি ভালো সিট পাওয়ার জন্য সবাই আগে বাসে উঠতে চায়। মানুষ একে অপরকে ধাক্কা দেয় এবং বাসের দরজা অতিরিক্ত ভিড়ে পূর্ণ হয়ে যায়। বাস থেকে নামা মানুষরাও অনেক সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।] A bus stand is also a place of small businesses. Around the bus stand, there are many tea stalls and small food shops. Passengers drink tea or eat light snacks while waiting. Street hawkers are seen walking everywhere. They sell betel leaves, cigarettes, breads, biscuits, and daily newspapers. Besides them, street beggars sing or cry loudly to get money from the passengers. [বাস স্ট্যান্ড ছোট ব্যবসারও একটি জায়গা। বাস স্ট্যান্ডের চারপাশে অনেক চায়ের দোকান এবং ছোট খাবারের দোকান থাকে। যাত্রীরা অপেক্ষার সময় চা পান করে বা হালকা নাস্তা খায়। রাস্তার হকারদের সব জায়গায় হাঁটতে দেখা যায়। তারা পান, সিগারেট, রুটি, বিস্কুট এবং দৈনিক খবরের কাগজ বিক্রি করে। তাদের পাশাপাশি রাস্তার ভিক্ষুকরা যাত্রীদের কাছ থেকে টাকা পাওয়ার জন্য জোরে গান গায় বা কাঁদে।] Though a bus stand is a useful place, it has some bad sides too. It is mostly a dirty and noisy place. The air is filled with dust and the black smoke of buses. Moreover, thieves, swindlers, and pickpockets hide in the busy crowd. They try to steal money and bags from innocent passengers. Despite these problems, a bus stand is very essential for us. It keeps the communication of the country active and moving. [যদিও বাস স্ট্যান্ড একটি উপকারী জায়গা, এর কিছু খারাপ দিকও আছে। এটি বেশিরভাগ ক্ষেত্রেই একটি নোংরা ও কোলাহলপূর্ণ জায়গা। বাতাস ধুলাবালি এবং বাসের কালো ধোঁয়ায় পূর্ণ থাকে। এছাড়া চোর, প্রতারক এবং পকেটমাররা ব্যস্ত ভিড়ের মধ্যে লুকিয়ে থাকে। তারা সাধারণ যাত্রীদের কাছ থেকে টাকা ও ব্যাগ চুরি করার চেষ্টা করে। এসব সমস্যা সত্ত্বেও, বাস স্ট্যান্ড আমাদের জন্য খুবই প্রয়োজনীয়। এটি দেশের যোগাযোগ ব্যবস্থাকে সচল ও গতিশীল রাখে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Arrive পৌঁছানো / আসা Attract আকর্ষণ করা Beggar ভিক্ষুক Betel leaf পান Bustle ব্যস্ততা / হট্টগোল Careful সতর্ক Chaotic বিশৃঙ্খল Communication যোগাযোগ Completely পুরোপুরি Counter কাউন্টার / টিকিট কাটার জায়গা Crowded জনাকীর্ণ / ভিড়যুক্ত Daily দৈনন্দিন / প্রতিদিন Deceive প্রতারণা করা / ধোঁকা দেওয়া Dirty নোংরা Drop নামিয়ে দেওয়া Dust ধুলাবালি Essential অপরিহার্য / প্রয়োজনীয় Filthy অত্যন্ত নোংরা General সাধারণ Halt থামা Hawker হকার / ফেরিওয়ালা Highway মহাসড়ক Hurry তাড়াহুড়ো Increase বৃদ্ধি পাওয়া Innocent নির্দোষ / সাধারণ (লোক) Journey যাত্রা / ভ্রমণ Loudly উচ্চস্বরে / জোরে Luggage মালপত্র / লাগেজ Magazine সাময়িকী / পত্রিকা Noisy কোলাহলপূর্ণ Overcrowded অতিরিক্ত ভিড় Passenger যাত্রী Pickpocket পকেটমার Push ধাক্কা দেওয়া Refreshment হালকা নাস্তা Scenery দৃশ্য Shelter আশ্রয় / শেড Shout চিৎকার করা Smoke ধোঁয়া Steal চুরি করা Swindler প্রতারক / ঠক Thief চোর Ticket টিকিট Transport পরিবহন Trouble সমস্যা / কষ্ট Useful উপকারী / দরকারি Waiting অপেক্ষমাণ Points for the Examination 1. Definition and Location A place where buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. Located beside roads, highways, towns, and big cities. A very important part of the transport system. 2. The Overall Scenery Always busy, crowded, and noisy. Ticket counters for booking seats. Some stands have sheds, some are under the open sky. Filled with passengers carrying bags and luggage. 3. Arrival of a Bus A general hurry and bustle begins. Drivers and helpers shout loudly. Passengers push one another to get on first. The bus doors become heavily overcrowded. 4. People and Shops Around Many tea stalls and small food shops nearby. Hawkers sell fruits, water, biscuits, and magazines. Beggars cry loudly asking for money. 5. Problems and Dangers The place is often very dirty and dusty. Air is filled with black smoke. Pickpockets, thieves, and swindlers hide in the crowd. Passengers must be very careful with their money. 6. Importance Essential for daily life and travel. Keeps the country's communication active. Helps people travel easily from one place to another.

Paragraph Writing A BRIDAL PARTY A woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman is called a bride. Hence a bridal party is a party which consists of the bride and her friends and attendants. This party is formed to observe certain rites peculiar to women both before and after solemnization of marriage. They also make arrangement for rejoicings and merry-making. They sing nuptial songs while they help the bride observe various rites and ceremonies. As for example, they perform the ceremony of smearing the person of the bride or bridegroom with turmeric preparatory to marriage. They also welcome the bridegroom and his friends when they arrive at the bride’s house. After solemnization of marriage the ‘ruyyat’ ceremony is observed under the supervision and guidance of the bridal party. It is the young girls of the bridal party that take the bridegroom to the ‘Zenana’ where in a room the richly decorated bride adorned with precious ornaments is kept waiting. She is surrounded by the jovial ladies and gay young girls of the bridal party. The bridegroom is made to sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is placed before the bride and the bridegroom. Then they have to exchange looks and to go through certain other rites. The witty devices that the girls and ladies of the bridal party take to put the bridegroom to feminine harassment draw forth a peal of laughter from the assemblage in the ‘Zenana’. In fact, the bridal party, like the bridegroom’s party, plays a vital role in bringing the bride and bridegroom into a happy wedlock. Model Answer-2 A Bridal Party A woman on the day of her marriage is called a bride. The group of girls, friends, and female relatives who stay with her is called a bridal party. This party is very important in a wedding. They do many fun things and follow special rules before and after the marriage. For example, they arrange the turmeric ceremony. They put yellow turmeric on the bride's face and body to make her look more beautiful. During this time, they sing sweet wedding songs and laugh a lot. When the bridegroom and his friends arrive at the bride's house, the bridal party welcomes them with joy. After the main marriage is over, the young girls of the bridal party take the bridegroom inside the house. The bride waits there wearing a beautiful new dress and golden ornaments. They make the bridegroom sit beside the bride. Then, a big mirror is placed in front of them. The bride and the bridegroom look at each other's faces in the mirror. This is a very sweet moment. The girls in the bridal party also play many funny games with the bridegroom. They ask him funny questions and make everyone in the room laugh loudly. Without the bridal party, a wedding cannot be totally happy. They play a big role in bringing the bride and the bridegroom together in a very joyful way. [বিয়ের দিন একজন নারীকে কনে বলা হয়। যে সব মেয়ে, বন্ধু এবং মহিলা আত্মীয়রা তার সাথে থাকে তাদের দলকে ব্রাইডাল পার্টি বা কনেপক্ষ বলা হয়। বিয়েতে এই দলের অনেক গুরুত্ব রয়েছে। তারা বিয়ের আগে ও পরে অনেক মজার কাজ করে এবং বিশেষ নিয়ম পালন করে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, তারা গায়ে হলুদের আয়োজন করে। কনেকে আরও সুন্দর দেখানোর জন্য তারা তার মুখে ও শরীরে হলুদ মাখায়। এ সময় তারা মিষ্টি বিয়ের গান গায় এবং অনেক হাসাহাসি করে। বর ও তার বন্ধুরা যখন কনের বাড়িতে পৌঁছায়, তখন কনেপক্ষ আনন্দের সাথে তাদের স্বাগত জানায়। মূল বিয়ে শেষ হওয়ার পর কনেপক্ষের কমবয়সী মেয়েরা বরকে ঘরের ভেতরে নিয়ে যায়। কনে সুন্দর নতুন পোশাক ও সোনার গহনা পরে সেখানে অপেক্ষা করে। তারা বরকে কনের পাশে বসায়। এরপর তাদের সামনে একটি বড় আয়না রাখা হয়। কনে ও বর আয়নায় একে অপরের মুখ দেখে। এটি একটি খুব মধুর মুহূর্ত। কনেপক্ষের মেয়েরা বরের সাথে অনেক মজার খেলাও খেলে। তারা তাকে মজার প্রশ্ন করে এবং ঘরের সবাইকে জোরে হাসায়। কনেপক্ষ ছাড়া বিয়ে পুরোপুরি আনন্দদায়ক হতে পারে না। তারা কনে ও বরকে খুব আনন্দদায়কভাবে একত্রিত করতে বড় ভূমিকা পালন করে।] Composition / Essay Writing A Bridal Party A bridal party refers to a group of women, including the bride's friends and attendants, who play an important role in the wedding festivities. The bride, a woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman, is the central figure of this party. The bridal party is responsible for organizing traditional rites and ceremonies, as well as creating an atmosphere of joy and celebration. Before the wedding, the bridal party assists the bride in performing various rituals, such as the turmeric ceremony, where turmeric paste is applied to the bride and groom as a symbol of purification and blessing. They also sing nuptial songs, enhancing the festive spirit. On the wedding day, the bridal party welcomes the groom and his entourage with warmth and cheer when they arrive at the bride's house. After the marriage ceremony, the bridal party oversees the "Rukhsati" or departure ritual, symbolizing the bride's transition to her new home. Another notable tradition involves the young girls of the bridal party escorting the groom to the bridal chamber, where the beautifully adorned bride, dressed in rich attire and jewelry, awaits. In a light-hearted tradition, the bridal party engages in playful antics, teasing the groom as part of the fun. These moments are often accompanied by laughter and create unforgettable memories for everyone present. The bridal party not only enhances the cultural significance of the wedding but also ensures that the bride and groom are surrounded by love, support, and happiness as they embark on their married life together. The role of the bridal party is crucial in making the wedding a joyful and memorable occasion, uniting families and friends in celebration. A Bridal Party A woman who is getting married is called a bride. To help her on this special day, a group of her close friends, sisters, and female relatives stay together. This joyful group is known as the bridal party. A wedding in our country is a big festival, and the bridal party is the heart of this festival. They make the whole wedding house lively and full of joy. [যে নারীর বিয়ে হচ্ছে তাকে কনে বলা হয়। এই বিশেষ দিনে তাকে সাহায্য করার জন্য তার ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধু, বোন এবং মহিলা আত্মীয়দের একটি দল একসাথে থাকে। এই আনন্দময় দলটিকে কনেপক্ষ বা ব্রাইডাল পার্টি বলা হয়। আমাদের দেশে বিয়ে একটি বড় উৎসব, এবং কনেপক্ষ হলো এই উৎসবের প্রাণ। তারা পুরো বিয়ের বাড়িকে প্রাণবন্ত এবং আনন্দে ভরিয়ে রাখে।] Before the main wedding day, the bridal party has many important duties. They arrange the turmeric ceremony, which is very popular. During this time, the girls put soft turmeric paste on the bride's body. This makes her skin glow. While doing this, the girls sing traditional wedding songs and clap their hands. The house becomes full of happy noises. [মূল বিয়ের দিনের আগে কনেপক্ষের অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দায়িত্ব থাকে। তারা গায়ে হলুদের আয়োজন করে, যা খুব জনপ্রিয়। এই সময়ে, মেয়েরা কনের শরীরে নরম হলুদের পেস্ট মাখায়। এতে তার ত্বক উজ্জ্বল হয়। এটি করার সময়, মেয়েরা ঐতিহ্যবাহী বিয়ের গান গায় এবং হাততালি দেয়। বাড়িটি আনন্দের শব্দে ভরে ওঠে।] On the day of the wedding, the bridal party waits eagerly for the bridegroom to come. When the bridegroom and his friends arrive at the gate, the young girls of the bridal party welcome them. Sometimes, they stop the bridegroom at the gate and ask for some money to let him inside. This is a very old and funny game that everyone enjoys. [বিয়ের দিন, কনেপক্ষ বরের আসার জন্য অধীর আগ্রহে অপেক্ষা করে। বর ও তার বন্ধুরা যখন গেটে পৌঁছায়, তখন কনেপক্ষের কমবয়সী মেয়েরা তাদের স্বাগত জানায়। কখনো কখনো, তারা বরকে গেটে আটকে দেয় এবং তাকে ভেতরে ঢুকতে দেওয়ার জন্য কিছু টাকা চায়। এটি একটি খুব পুরোনো ও মজার খেলা যা সবাই উপভোগ করে।] After the main marriage is completed, there are more traditional rules to follow. The young girls of the bridal party hold the bridegroom's hands and take him to the inner room of the house. The bride sits there looking very beautiful. She wears a rich dress and precious ornaments. A big mirror is placed in front of them so that they can look at each other happily. [মূল বিয়ে শেষ হওয়ার পর, অনুসরণ করার মতো আরও ঐতিহ্যগত নিয়ম থাকে। কনেপক্ষের কমবয়সী মেয়েরা বরের হাত ধরে তাকে বাড়ির ভেতরের ঘরে নিয়ে যায়। কনে সেখানে খুব সুন্দরভাবে বসে থাকে। সে দামি পোশাক ও মূল্যবান গহনা পরে থাকে। তাদের সামনে একটি বড় আয়না রাখা হয় যাতে তারা আনন্দের সাথে একে অপরের দিকে তাকাতে পারে।] In conclusion, the bridal party brings life to the wedding. They tease the bridegroom, play jokes on him, and make everyone laugh out loud. The bride feels very safe and happy because her friends are always around her. Indeed, the bridal party plays a very important role in starting the new life of the bride and bridegroom with smiles and blessings. [উপসংহারে বলা যায়, কনেপক্ষ বিয়েতে প্রাণ নিয়ে আসে। তারা বরকে খেপায়, তার সাথে রসিকতা করে এবং সবাইকে জোরে হাসায়। কনে খুব নিরাপদ এবং খুশি বোধ করে কারণ তার বন্ধুরা সবসময় তার চারপাশে থাকে। সত্যিই, কনেপক্ষ হাসি এবং আশীর্বাদের সাথে কনে ও বরের নতুন জীবন শুরু করতে একটি খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Adorn সজ্জিত করা / সাজানো Arrive পৌঁছানো Assemblage সমাবেশ / জমায়েত Attendant সঙ্গী / সাহায্যকারী Beautiful সুন্দর Blessing আশীর্বাদ Bride কনে / পাত্রী Bridegroom বর / পাত্র Ceremony অনুষ্ঠান Decorate সাজানো Dress পোশাক Duties দায়িত্বসমূহ Eagerly অধীর আগ্রহে Exchange বিনিময় করা Festival উৎসব Friend বন্ধু Funny মজার Gate ফটক / দরজা Girl বালিকা / মেয়ে Glow উজ্জ্বল হওয়া Guidance নির্দেশনা Harassment হয়রানি (এখানে মজার ছলে খেপানো) Heart হৃদয় / প্রাণ Important গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Inner ভেতরের Joke কৌতুক / রসিকতা Jovial প্রফুল্ল / আনন্দিত Laugh হাসা Lively প্রাণবন্ত Marriage বিবাহ / বিয়ে Mirror আয়না Noise শব্দ / কোলাহল Nuptial বিবাহ সংক্রান্ত / বিয়ের Ornament অলঙ্কার / গহনা Party দল / পক্ষ Peal of laughter হাসির রোল Peculiar বিশেষ / অদ্ভুত Precious মূল্যবান / দামি Rejoicing আনন্দ-উল্লাস Relative আত্মীয় Right side ডান পাশ Rite প্রথা / নিয়ম Smear মাখানো Solemnization আনুষ্ঠানিকতা সম্পন্ন করা Song গান Supervision তত্ত্বাবধান Tease খেপানো / উত্ত্যক্ত করা Traditional ঐতিহ্যবাহী Turmeric হলুদ Vital অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Wedding বিয়ে Wedlock বিবাহবন্ধন Welcome স্বাগত জানানো Witty রসিক / বুদ্ধিমত্তাপূর্ণ Woman নারী / মহিলা Young তরুণ / কমবয়সী Points for the Examination 1. Introduction to the Bridal Party Consists of the bride's friends and female relatives. Stays closely with the newly married woman. Brings joy and life to the wedding. 2. Pre-Wedding Activities Arranges important rites before marriage. Performs the turmeric (halud) ceremony. Smears turmeric to make the bride beautiful. Sings traditional nuptial songs. 3. Welcoming the Bridegroom Waits eagerly for the groom's arrival. Welcomes the groom and his friends at the gate. Plays funny games (like gate-blocking) for money. 4. Post-Wedding Customs (The Mirror Ceremony) Takes the groom to the inner room (Zenana). The bride waits in beautiful clothes and ornaments. Makes the groom sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is used for exchanging looks. 5. Joy and Merry-Making Plays witty games and jokes with the groom. Draws out peals of laughter from everyone. Helps start the happy wedlock with blessings.

Paragraph Writing A Book Fair These days the book fair has become very much popular. It has created a sense of interest for books among us. In a book fair hundreds of pavilions are set up. Miscellaneous books, fictions, textbook, dramas, children books, reference books etc. are displayed in a shop. The stalls are well decorated which enchant the mind of customers. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers take rest and refreshment there. The whole atmosphere wears a beautiful look. The main purpose of a book fair is not sale but it offers a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in publication of books. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their own interest. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly and sit in some stalls. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in a book fair. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best comrades. They can change our outlook of life and widen our domain of wisdom. It is book, which assists us to forget jealousy, malice, superstition and covetousness. After all, we get our most advantages from a book fair and that is why we should purchase book from a book fair or from a bookstall. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book reminds us that books are our best comrades. একটি বইমেলা বর্তমানে বইমেলা অত্যন্ত জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠেছে। এটি আমাদের মধ্যে বইয়ের প্রতি আগ্রহ সৃষ্টি করেছে। একটি বইমেলায় শত শত প্যাভিলিয়ন স্থাপন করা হয়। বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই, যেমন—উপন্যাস, পাঠ্যবই, নাটক, শিশুতোষ বই, তথ্যগ্রন্থ ইত্যাদি দোকানে প্রদর্শন করা হয়। স্টলগুলো সুন্দরভাবে সজ্জিত করা হয়, যা ক্রেতাদের মনকে আকৃষ্ট করে। এখানে খাবার ও পানীয়ের স্টলও থাকে। ক্লান্ত ক্রেতারা সেখানে বিশ্রাম ও সতেজতা লাভ করেন। সমগ্র পরিবেশ একটি মনোরম রূপ ধারণ করে। বইমেলার প্রধান উদ্দেশ্য বই বিক্রি করা নয়; বরং এটি বই প্রকাশনার ক্ষেত্রে অর্জিত অগ্রগতি মূল্যায়নের একটি বিরল সুযোগ প্রদান করে। হাজার হাজার মানুষ মেলায় এসে নিজেদের পছন্দ অনুযায়ী বই কিনছে—এ দৃশ্য অত্যন্ত আনন্দদায়ক। বিশেষ করে সন্ধ্যায় বইমেলা অত্যন্ত জনাকীর্ণ হয়ে ওঠে। বইমেলায় নারী-পুরুষ উভয় ধরনের ক্রেতার সমাগম ঘটে। লেখকরাও নিয়মিত মেলা পরিদর্শন করেন এবং বিভিন্ন স্টলে বসেন। বইমেলায় সেমিনার ও সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানও অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। একটি বইমেলা একটি দেশের পরিশীলিত সংস্কৃতির পরিচয় বহন করে। বইমেলা আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে বই আমাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ সঙ্গী। বই আমাদের জীবন সম্পর্কে দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি পরিবর্তন করতে পারে এবং আমাদের জ্ঞানের পরিধি বিস্তৃত করতে পারে। বই-ই আমাদের হিংসা, বিদ্বেষ, কুসংস্কার ও লোভ ভুলে যেতে সহায়তা করে। সর্বোপরি, আমরা বইমেলা থেকে অনেক উপকার লাভ করি; তাই আমাদের বইমেলা বা বইয়ের দোকান থেকে বই কেনা উচিত। একটি বইমেলা একটি দেশের পরিশীলিত সংস্কৃতির পরিচয় বহন করে। একটি বই আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় যে বই আমাদের শ্রেষ্ঠ সঙ্গী। A Book Fair ​ A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. I am also fond of visiting a book fair. ​ Bangla Academy Book Fair A book fair is a cherished event that brings together readers and publishers, fostering a love for literature and knowledge sharing. Recently, I had the pleasure of attending a book fair held at the Bangla Academy campus, an experience that left an indelible mark on me. As I arrived around 5 pm, I was greeted by the sight of the beautifully decorated main gate, signaling the excitement within. Inside, the vast premises housed around three hundred book stalls, each adorned with a plethora of literary treasures from different publishing houses. The diversity of genres and topics on display was staggering, catering to the varied interests of readers. Amidst the bustling crowd, I wandered through the aisles, soaking in the vibrant atmosphere and feeling a sense of camaraderie with fellow book enthusiasts. It was heartening to see people of all ages, from children to adults, coming together to celebrate the written word. One of the highlights of my visit was the opportunity to meet renowned poets and novelists, whose works had left a lasting impact on me. Additionally, I couldn't resist indulging in some literary shopping, and I left the fair with five new books, eager to delve into their pages. However, beyond the thrill of making purchases, the true essence of the book fair lay in the celebration of literature itself. It was a platform for publishers to showcase their latest offerings and for readers to discover new voices and perspectives. With participation from esteemed publishers like the National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, and Bangla Academy, the fair truly encapsulated the spirit of literary excellence. Rubbing shoulders with literary luminaries like Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, and Imdadul Haque Milan only added to the richness of the experience, leaving me inspired and invigorated in my love for books. বাংলা একাডেমি বইমেলা (বইমেলা এমন একটি আনন্দঘন ও আকাঙ্ক্ষিত আয়োজন, যা পাঠক ও প্রকাশকদের একত্রিত করে এবং সাহিত্য ও জ্ঞানচর্চার প্রতি ভালোবাসা বৃদ্ধি করে। সম্প্রতি আমার বাংলা একাডেমি প্রাঙ্গণে অনুষ্ঠিত একটি বইমেলায় যাওয়ার সুযোগ হয়েছিল। এটি ছিল এমন এক অভিজ্ঞতা, যা আমার মনে চিরস্থায়ী ছাপ ফেলেছে। বিকেল প্রায় পাঁচটার দিকে আমি মেলায় পৌঁছাই। সেখানে সুন্দরভাবে সজ্জিত প্রধান ফটক দেখে আমি মুগ্ধ হই, যা মেলার ভেতরের উৎসবমুখর পরিবেশের আভাস দিচ্ছিল। মেলার ভেতরে বিশাল প্রাঙ্গণজুড়ে প্রায় তিনশটি বইয়ের স্টল ছিল। প্রতিটি স্টল বিভিন্ন প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানের অসংখ্য মূল্যবান ও আকর্ষণীয় বই দিয়ে সাজানো ছিল। প্রদর্শিত বইয়ের বিষয় ও বৈচিত্র্য ছিল বিস্ময়কর, যা বিভিন্ন রুচি ও আগ্রহের পাঠকদের চাহিদা পূরণ করছিল। ব্যস্ত জনসমাগমের মধ্যে আমি এক স্টল থেকে অন্য স্টলে ঘুরে বেড়াচ্ছিলাম এবং প্রাণবন্ত পরিবেশ উপভোগ করছিলাম। একই সঙ্গে অন্যান্য বইপ্রেমীর সঙ্গে আমার এক ধরনের আত্মিক বন্ধন অনুভূত হচ্ছিল। শিশু থেকে শুরু করে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক পর্যন্ত সব বয়সের মানুষকে বই ও সাহিত্যের প্রতি ভালোবাসা উদ্‌যাপনের জন্য একত্রিত হতে দেখে আমি অত্যন্ত আনন্দিত হয়েছিলাম। আমার এই সফরের অন্যতম আকর্ষণ ছিল খ্যাতিমান কবি ও ঔপন্যাসিকদের সঙ্গে সাক্ষাতের সুযোগ লাভ করা, যাঁদের রচনা আমার মনে গভীর ও দীর্ঘস্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলেছে। এছাড়াও কিছু বই কেনার লোভ সামলাতে পারিনি এবং পাঁচটি নতুন বই নিয়ে মেলা থেকে বের হই। বইগুলোর পাতা উল্টে পড়ার জন্য আমি অধীর আগ্রহে অপেক্ষা করছিলাম। তবে বই কেনার আনন্দের বাইরেও বইমেলার প্রকৃত তাৎপর্য নিহিত ছিল সাহিত্যের উদ্‌যাপনের মধ্যে। এটি প্রকাশকদের জন্য তাঁদের সর্বশেষ প্রকাশনাগুলো পাঠকদের সামনে তুলে ধরার এবং পাঠকদের জন্য নতুন লেখক ও নতুন চিন্তাধারার সঙ্গে পরিচিত হওয়ার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মঞ্চ। জাতীয় গ্রন্থকেন্দ্র, জুপিটার পাবলিকেশন এবং বাংলা একাডেমির মতো সম্মানিত প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানের অংশগ্রহণে মেলাটি সত্যিই সাহিত্যিক উৎকর্ষের চেতনাকে ধারণ করেছিল। আনিসুল হক, হুমায়ূন আহমেদ, জাফর ইকবাল এবং ইমদাদুল হক মিলনের মতো খ্যাতিমান সাহিত্যিকদের সান্নিধ্য লাভ আমার অভিজ্ঞতাকে আরও সমৃদ্ধ করেছিল। সবশেষে, বইয়ের প্রতি আমার ভালোবাসা আরও গভীর ও অনুপ্রাণিত হয়ে আমি মেলা থেকে ফিরে আসি।) A Book Fair In contemporary times, the book fair has emerged as an increasingly popular event, imbuing us with a profound fascination for books. These fairs are characterized by a multitude of pavilions that showcase an extensive array of literary genres, ranging from fiction to textbooks, plays to children's books, and reference books to other works. The shops are adorned with tasteful decorations that entice the customers, who are further gratified by the provision of food and drink stalls, which offer a respite to the weary fair-goers. The ambiance of the book fair is replete with a resplendent beauty, underscoring the fact that the central aim of this event is not merely the sale of books, but also the opportunity to appreciate the advances made in the publishing world. The sight of numerous visitors thronging to the fair and purchasing books that pique their individual interests is heartening. The book fair is most crowded in the evening, attracting both male and female patrons. Furthermore, writers often frequent the stalls and participate in cultural programs and seminars. A book fair is a testament to the refined culture of a country, reinforcing the fact that books are our most cherished companions. They can expand our knowledge and transform our perspectives, leading us away from traits such as jealousy, malice, superstition, and covetousness. Ultimately, the most substantial benefits from a book fair are derived from purchasing books either at the fair or at a bookstall, as this fosters our ongoing relationship with literature. A Book Fair A book fair is an enchanting and captivating event that showcases and vends books to the masses. In today's society, individuals of intellect possess an ardent fondness for visiting book fairs as it is perceived as an opportunity to amass knowledge. Consequently, book fairs have become exceedingly popular in our developing nation, and are held annually on special occasions in towns and cities. The Bangla Academy, for instance, organizes a month-long book fair on the occasion of International Mother Language Day, and prominent book publishers also organize book fairs every year. Typically, book fairs last for a week or even a month, with hundreds of book publishers and book sellers participating in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls are arranged in neat rows and are tastefully decorated, with books on various subjects available in both Bangla and English. At a book fair, book enthusiasts and readers gather in great numbers, including students, teachers, and educated individuals, while sometimes even scholars, writers, and poets make an appearance. Seminars on books are also conducted at book fairs, and folk songs are sung, further adding to the cultural richness of the event. A book fair is an integral component of the education system, facilitating the expansion of our kingdom of knowledge and promoting a cultural attitude. Books are sold at affordable prices at book fairs, fostering the habit of reading, purchasing, writing, and preserving books. Therefore, it is incumbent upon every student and educated person to visit the book fair every year, as it is a vital activity that promotes intellectual growth and cultural enrichment. ​একটি বইমেলা (বইমেলা একটি মনোমুগ্ধকর ও আকর্ষণীয় আয়োজন, যেখানে সাধারণ মানুষের জন্য বই প্রদর্শন ও বিক্রয় করা হয়। বর্তমান সমাজে জ্ঞানী ও বুদ্ধিমান মানুষ বইমেলায় যেতে অত্যন্ত আগ্রহী, কারণ এটি জ্ঞান অর্জনের একটি চমৎকার সুযোগ হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়। ফলে আমাদের উন্নয়নশীল দেশে বইমেলা অত্যন্ত জনপ্রিয় হয়ে উঠেছে এবং বিশেষ বিশেষ উপলক্ষে শহর ও নগরগুলোতে প্রতিবছর বইমেলার আয়োজন করা হয়। যেমন, আন্তর্জাতিক মাতৃভাষা দিবস উপলক্ষে বাংলা একাডেমি এক মাসব্যাপী বইমেলার আয়োজন করে। এছাড়াও বিশিষ্ট প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলো প্রতিবছর বিভিন্ন বইমেলার আয়োজন করে থাকে। সাধারণত বইমেলা এক সপ্তাহ বা এমনকি এক মাসব্যাপীও চলে। একুশে বইমেলায় শত শত প্রকাশক ও বই বিক্রেতা অংশগ্রহণ করেন। স্টলগুলো সুন্দরভাবে সারিবদ্ধভাবে স্থাপন করা হয় এবং আকর্ষণীয়ভাবে সাজানো হয়। সেখানে বাংলা ও ইংরেজি ভাষায় বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের বই পাওয়া যায়। বইমেলায় বইপ্রেমী ও পাঠকদের ব্যাপক সমাগম ঘটে। শিক্ষার্থী, শিক্ষক ও শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তিদের পাশাপাশি কখনো কখনো পণ্ডিত, লেখক ও কবিরাও মেলায় উপস্থিত হন। বইমেলায় বই নিয়ে সেমিনারেরও আয়োজন করা হয় এবং লোকসংগীত পরিবেশন করা হয়, যা মেলার সাংস্কৃতিক বৈচিত্র্যকে আরও সমৃদ্ধ করে। বইমেলা আমাদের শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। এটি আমাদের জ্ঞানের ভাণ্ডার সম্প্রসারণে সহায়তা করে এবং সাংস্কৃতিক মনোভাব গড়ে তোলে। বইমেলায় সাশ্রয়ী মূল্যে বই বিক্রি করা হয়, ফলে মানুষের মধ্যে বই পড়া, বই কেনা, বই লেখা ও বই সংরক্ষণের অভ্যাস গড়ে ওঠে। তাই প্রত্যেক শিক্ষার্থী ও শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তির প্রতিবছর বইমেলায় যাওয়া উচিত, কারণ এটি জ্ঞানচর্চা ও সাংস্কৃতিক সমৃদ্ধি বৃদ্ধিতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে।) A BOOK FAIR I VISITED ​ A fair is a collection of outdoor entertainment, stalls etc. on a large piece of open ground where a huge number of people gather and enjoy themselves. In other words, a fair can be defined as an exhibition of different types of products. Similarly a book fair is an exhibition of hundreds of thousands of books. In a book fair books on different subjects are systematically displayed for the attention of the readers. Recently I visited a book fair. It was held on the premises of the Bangla Academy. I went there with my parents. In the fair, I saw hundreds of bookstalls selling them displaying different types of books. Almost all of the bookstalls were arranged by different famous publications of the country. A few bookstalls were also organised by some leading cultural organisations of the country. As it was evening, there was a huge rush of crowd in the fair. Even it was difficult to walk freely at that hour. I along with my parents went to a number of bookstalls and bought some books. I also attended a seminar organised by the Bangla Academy. After passing some hours there we started for home just after the sunset. It was a nice experience for me which will remain long in my mind. ​ A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. ​ A BOOK FAIR ​ A book fair is a fair where a large number of books are displayed. It is usually held on certain occasions. Books of different tastes on different subjects are displayed in a book fair. The fair is normally held fora week for some days and sometimes fora whole month. For example Bangla Academy Boi Mela is held fora whole month. A book fair is place of union of readers, the book lovers, the writers, the publishers and soon. The stalls sit in rows. They arc decorated tastefully. Thousands of visitors gather in a book fair to visit or to buy the chosen books of their favourite writers. There area large number of books. So a reader can choose a book according to his/her own choice. There are also some arrangements for refreshments. Sometimes discussions are held on various topics. Speaking truly, a book fair upholds the culture of a particular society or country. It plays an important role in spreading the light of education and knowledge. Again, books are the best companions of our life. Hence a book fair revives the conscience of a nation. A Book Fair A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude. Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. Your Visit to a Book Fair MY Visit to a Book Fair A visit to a book fair is an exciting and enriching experience that I recently had the pleasure of enjoying. It's a special event where many different kinds of books are displayed for people to explore and enjoy. This year, I was lucky enough to go to the Ekushe Boi Mela with some friends. When we arrived, I was amazed by the sight of so many books spread out before us. There were books of all types – stories, textbooks, plays, books for kids, and more. People from all walks of life, young and old, were there to check out the books. It seemed like everyone was eager to find something interesting to read. We visited different stalls run by different publishers, each offering a unique selection of books. I found some books by my favorite authors and couldn't wait to start reading them. The atmosphere was buzzing with excitement, especially with the presence of famous writers and poets. What I enjoyed most was that the book fair wasn't just about books. There were also seminars and cultural programs happening throughout the evening. One play about the Language Movement of 1952 left a lasting impression on me. We spent about three hours at the book fair, soaking in the atmosphere and enjoying every moment of it. As we headed home later that evening, I couldn't help but feel grateful for the experience. The excitement and passion for literature at the book fair were truly inspiring, and I know that the memories of this special day will stay with me for a long time. তোমার একটি বইমেলা পরিদর্শন (বইমেলা পরিদর্শন একটি আনন্দদায়ক ও জ্ঞানবর্ধক অভিজ্ঞতা, যা সম্প্রতি আমার লাভ করার সৌভাগ্য হয়েছিল। এটি এমন একটি বিশেষ আয়োজন, যেখানে বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই প্রদর্শন করা হয় এবং মানুষ সেগুলো দেখার ও উপভোগ করার সুযোগ পায়। এ বছর কয়েকজন বন্ধুর সঙ্গে আমার একুশে বইমেলায় যাওয়ার সৌভাগ্য হয়েছিল। আমরা সেখানে পৌঁছানোর পর চারদিকে এত বই দেখে আমি বিস্মিত হয়ে যাই। সেখানে বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই ছিল—গল্পের বই, পাঠ্যবই, নাটকের বই, শিশুদের বই এবং আরও অনেক কিছু। সমাজের বিভিন্ন শ্রেণি-পেশার মানুষ, ছোট-বড় সবাই বই দেখার জন্য সেখানে উপস্থিত হয়েছিল। মনে হচ্ছিল, সবাই নিজের পছন্দের কোনো আকর্ষণীয় বই খুঁজে পাওয়ার জন্য অধীর আগ্রহে অপেক্ষা করছে। আমরা বিভিন্ন প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানের পরিচালিত বিভিন্ন স্টল ঘুরে দেখলাম। প্রতিটি স্টলেই ছিল স্বতন্ত্র ও বৈচিত্র্যময় বইয়ের সমাহার। আমি আমার প্রিয় কয়েকজন লেখকের কিছু বই খুঁজে পেলাম এবং সেগুলো পড়ার জন্য অধীর হয়ে উঠলাম। বিখ্যাত লেখক ও কবিদের উপস্থিতিতে মেলার পরিবেশ ছিল অত্যন্ত প্রাণবন্ত ও উৎসবমুখর। আমার সবচেয়ে ভালো লেগেছিল যে, বইমেলা শুধু বইকেন্দ্রিক ছিল না; সেখানে সন্ধ্যাজুড়ে বিভিন্ন সেমিনার ও সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানেরও আয়োজন করা হয়েছিল। ১৯৫২ সালের ভাষা আন্দোলনের ওপর পরিবেশিত একটি নাটক আমার মনে গভীর ছাপ ফেলেছিল। আমরা প্রায় তিন ঘণ্টা বইমেলায় অবস্থান করি এবং সেখানকার মনোরম পরিবেশ উপভোগ করতে করতে প্রতিটি মুহূর্ত আনন্দের সঙ্গে কাটাই। সেদিন সন্ধ্যায় বাড়ি ফেরার সময় এই সুন্দর অভিজ্ঞতার জন্য আমি নিজেকে অত্যন্ত ভাগ্যবান মনে করছিলাম। বইমেলায় সাহিত্য ও বইয়ের প্রতি মানুষের উৎসাহ ও ভালোবাসা আমাকে সত্যিই অনুপ্রাণিত করেছিল। আমি জানি, এই বিশেষ দিনের স্মৃতি দীর্ঘদিন আমার মনে অম্লান হয়ে থাকবে।) My Visit to a Book Fair A book fair is a highly anticipated celebration of literature where various genres and types of books are displayed for public perusal. For individuals like myself, a book fair serves as a veritable utopia of knowledge, inspiration, and entertainment. In contemporary times, this cultural phenomenon has surged in popularity, resulting in a multitude of book fairs held annually across the country. Of these fairs, two main events, the Ekushe Boi Mela and Dhaka Boi Mela, are widely recognized. It was my great fortune to have attended the Ekushe Boi Mela this year, accompanied by a group of friends.Upon entering the main gate, a sprawling landscape of books unfurled before me. Fictional literature, textbooks, dramas, children's literature, reference books, and much more lined the shelves, attracting a diverse range of visitors, from all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Notably, young adults, in particular, converged in large numbers to procure their preferred selections. The stalls were presided over by various publishers, each vying for the attention of discerning readers. From one such stall, I procured a number of books authored by some of my favorite writers. The evening was graced by the presence of esteemed poets, novelists, and writers, who added to the already vibrant ambiance of the event. It was a thrill to discover that the book fair had extended its offerings beyond the literary realm, with seminars and cultural programs being hosted throughout the evening. One such program, a staged drama based on the Language Movement of 1952, left an indelible impression on me. My visit to the book fair lasted approximately three hours, during which I savored every moment of the experience. As I journeyed back home in the late evening, I reflected upon how deeply moved I was by the atmosphere of intellectual curiosity and enthusiasm that permeated the event. I left the fair feeling utterly elated, secure in the knowledge that the memories of this remarkable celebration of literature will forever hold a special place in my heart. Bangla Academy Book Fair A book fair is a cherished event that brings together readers and publishers, fostering a love for literature and knowledge sharing. Recently, I had the pleasure of attending a book fair held at the Bangla Academy campus, an experience that left an indelible mark on me. As I arrived around 5 pm, I was greeted by the sight of the beautifully decorated main gate, signaling the excitement within. Inside, the vast premises housed around three hundred book stalls, each adorned with a plethora of literary treasures from different publishing houses. The diversity of genres and topics on display was staggering, catering to the varied interests of readers. Amidst the bustling crowd, I wandered through the aisles, soaking in the vibrant atmosphere and feeling a sense of camaraderie with fellow book enthusiasts. It was heartening to see people of all ages, from children to adults, coming together to celebrate the written word. One of the highlights of my visit was the opportunity to meet renowned poets and novelists, whose works had left a lasting impact on me. Additionally, I couldn't resist indulging in some literary shopping, and I left the fair with five new books, eager to delve into their pages. However, beyond the thrill of making purchases, the true essence of the book fair lay in the celebration of literature itself. It was a platform for publishers to showcase their latest offerings and for readers to discover new voices and perspectives. With participation from esteemed publishers like the National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, and Bangla Academy, the fair truly encapsulated the spirit of literary excellence. Rubbing shoulders with literary luminaries like Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, and Imdadul Haque Milan only added to the richness of the experience, leaving me inspired and invigorated in my love for books. আমার একটি বইমেলা পরিদর্শন (বইমেলা সাহিত্যপ্রেমীদের বহুল প্রতীক্ষিত একটি আয়োজন, যেখানে বিভিন্ন ধরনের ও বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের বই সাধারণ পাঠকদের দেখার ও কেনার জন্য প্রদর্শন করা হয়। আমার মতো বইপ্রেমী মানুষের কাছে বইমেলা জ্ঞান, অনুপ্রেরণা ও বিনোদনের এক অপূর্ব ভাণ্ডার। বর্তমান সময়ে এই সাংস্কৃতিক আয়োজনটি ব্যাপক জনপ্রিয়তা লাভ করেছে এবং প্রতিবছর সারা দেশে অসংখ্য বইমেলার আয়োজন করা হয়। এসব মেলার মধ্যে একুশে বইমেলা ও ঢাকা বইমেলা বিশেষভাবে উল্লেখযোগ্য। এ বছর একদল বন্ধুর সঙ্গে একুশে বইমেলায় যাওয়ার সৌভাগ্য আমার হয়েছিল। মেলার প্রধান ফটক দিয়ে প্রবেশ করতেই আমার চোখের সামনে বইয়ের এক বিশাল সমারোহ ভেসে উঠল। উপন্যাস, পাঠ্যবই, নাটক, শিশুতোষ বই, তথ্যবহুল বই এবং আরও নানা ধরনের বইয়ের সমারোহ ছিল সেখানে। বিভিন্ন বয়স ও আর্থ-সামাজিক শ্রেণির মানুষ বইমেলায় এসেছিল। বিশেষ করে তরুণ-তরুণীদের তাদের পছন্দের বই সংগ্রহের জন্য বিপুল সংখ্যায় সমবেত হতে দেখা গেল। বিভিন্ন প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানের পরিচালনায় অসংখ্য স্টল স্থাপন করা হয়েছিল এবং প্রতিটি প্রকাশক আগ্রহী পাঠকদের দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণের চেষ্টা করছিলেন। একটি স্টল থেকে আমি আমার প্রিয় কয়েকজন লেখকের লেখা বেশ কিছু বই কিনলাম। সন্ধ্যায় বিশিষ্ট কবি, ঔপন্যাসিক ও লেখকদের উপস্থিতিতে মেলার প্রাণবন্ত পরিবেশ আরও আকর্ষণীয় হয়ে উঠেছিল। বইমেলার আয়োজন যে শুধু সাহিত্যকেন্দ্রিক ছিল না, তা জেনে আমি আরও আনন্দিত হই। সন্ধ্যাজুড়ে সেখানে বিভিন্ন সেমিনার ও সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করা হয়েছিল। এসব অনুষ্ঠানের মধ্যে ১৯৫২ সালের ভাষা আন্দোলনের ওপর ভিত্তি করে মঞ্চস্থ একটি নাটক আমার মনে গভীর ও অমোচনীয় ছাপ ফেলেছিল। বইমেলায় আমার পরিদর্শন প্রায় তিন ঘণ্টা স্থায়ী হয়েছিল এবং এ সময় আমি প্রতিটি মুহূর্ত অত্যন্ত আনন্দের সঙ্গে উপভোগ করেছি। গভীর রাতে বাড়ি ফেরার পথে আমি ভাবছিলাম, মেলার জ্ঞানান্বেষী ও উৎসাহপূর্ণ পরিবেশ আমাকে কতটা গভীরভাবে অনুপ্রাণিত করেছে। মেলা থেকে ফিরে আমার মন ছিল অত্যন্ত আনন্দে পরিপূর্ণ। সাহিত্য উদ্‌যাপনের এই অসাধারণ আয়োজনের স্মৃতি যে চিরকাল আমার হৃদয়ে বিশেষ স্থান দখল করে থাকবে, সে বিষয়ে আমার কোনো সন্দেহ নেই।) Visiting A Book Fair Visiting is a book fair is a great part of education. Educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to widen and enrich knowledge. So at present a book fair has become very popular in our developing country. Every year, a book fair is held almost in all big cities and towns on some special occasions. I have a great thirst for promoting my knowledge. So I am very fond of visiting book fairs and reading and buying books. This time too I have visited the Amar Ekushey book fair. It was organized by the Bangla Academy on its ground. I visited the rich book fair with my elder brother who is Bangla teacher as well as a freedom fighter of our Liberation War. Hundreds of book stalls were decorated nicely in rows I could find books on various branches both in Bangla and English in the fair. I went round the whole vast area of the fair. Men, women and children of all classes gathered the book fair. Really, it was a huge gathering of books lovers and readers. I also met many students of my own age there. I attended a seminar of publishers, writers and poets in the fair. Everybody in the book fair was busy in buying and reading books. I also bought some valuable books on computer and English Language. Visiting a book fair has a great educative value. It helps to build up the habit of reading, writing and buying books. It removes the monotony of routine life and widens our outlook. So every educated person and every student should visit every book fair to broaden his knowledge. It is true that a student can't make a good result only by reading text books. Visiting A Book Fair Visiting a book fair is a significant aspect of education, and it is highly regarded by those who value knowledge and learning. In our developing country, book fairs have gained immense popularity, with annual events held in most major cities and towns on special occasions. Personally, I have a strong thirst for knowledge and am enthusiastic about attending book fairs to expand my understanding and acquire new books. This time, I had the privilege of visiting the Amar Ekushey book fair, which was organized by the Bangla Academy on its grounds. Accompanied by my elder brother, who is not only a Bangla teacher but also a freedom fighter from our Liberation War, we explored the fair's offerings. The book fair was a sight to behold, with hundreds of well-decorated book stalls neatly arranged in rows. I was delighted to find an extensive collection of books in both Bangla and English, covering a wide range of subjects. I wandered through the vast fairground, where individuals from all walks of life, including men, women, and children, gathered to celebrate their love for books. It was truly a massive congregation of book enthusiasts a nd avid readers. I also had the pleasure of meeting many students my age at the fair. Additionally, I attended a seminar featuring publishers, writers, and poets, which added an intellectual dimension to the event. In the midst of the fair's bustling atmosphere, everyone was engrossed in buying and reading books. I, too, made some valuable purchases, including books on computer science and the English language. Visiting a book fair holds immense educational value as it fosters the habit of reading, writing, and book acquisition. It breaks the monotony of our daily routines and broadens our horizons. Therefore, it is essential for every educated individual and student to visit book fairs to enhance their knowledge. It is a well-established truth that a student cannot excel solely by studying textbooks; exposure to diverse sources of knowledge is equally vital for academic success. একটি বইমেলা পরিদর্শন (বইমেলা পরিদর্শন শিক্ষার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ এবং জ্ঞান ও শিক্ষার প্রতি যাঁদের আগ্রহ রয়েছে, তাঁদের কাছে এটি অত্যন্ত মূল্যবান। আমাদের উন্নয়নশীল দেশে বইমেলা ব্যাপক জনপ্রিয়তা লাভ করেছে এবং বিশেষ বিশেষ উপলক্ষে প্রতিবছর দেশের অধিকাংশ বড় শহর ও নগরে বইমেলার আয়োজন করা হয়। ব্যক্তিগতভাবে জ্ঞান অর্জনের প্রতি আমার প্রবল আগ্রহ রয়েছে এবং নিজের জ্ঞান ও উপলব্ধি বিস্তৃত করার পাশাপাশি নতুন বই সংগ্রহের জন্য আমি বইমেলায় যেতে অত্যন্ত উৎসাহী। এবার বাংলা একাডেমি প্রাঙ্গণে আয়োজিত অমর একুশে বইমেলা পরিদর্শনের সৌভাগ্য আমার হয়েছিল। আমার বড় ভাই, যিনি একজন বাংলা শিক্ষক এবং একই সঙ্গে আমাদের মহান মুক্তিযুদ্ধের একজন মুক্তিযোদ্ধা, তাঁর সঙ্গে আমি মেলায় গিয়েছিলাম। বইমেলার দৃশ্য ছিল অত্যন্ত মনোমুগ্ধকর। সারিবদ্ধভাবে শত শত সুন্দরভাবে সজ্জিত বইয়ের স্টল স্থাপন করা হয়েছিল। বাংলা ও ইংরেজি উভয় ভাষায় বিভিন্ন বিষয়ের বিপুলসংখ্যক বই দেখে আমি অত্যন্ত আনন্দিত হয়েছিলাম। আমি বিশাল মেলার মাঠে ঘুরে বেড়াচ্ছিলাম এবং সেখানে নারী, পুরুষ ও শিশুসহ সমাজের বিভিন্ন শ্রেণি-পেশার মানুষের বইয়ের প্রতি ভালোবাসা উদ্‌যাপনের দৃশ্য উপভোগ করছিলাম। সত্যিই সেখানে বইপ্রেমী ও আগ্রহী পাঠকদের এক বিশাল সমাবেশ ঘটেছিল। মেলায় আমার বয়সী অনেক শিক্ষার্থীর সঙ্গেও দেখা করার আনন্দ হয়েছিল। এছাড়াও আমি প্রকাশক, লেখক ও কবিদের অংশগ্রহণে অনুষ্ঠিত একটি সেমিনারে যোগ দিয়েছিলাম, যা মেলার পরিবেশে জ্ঞানচর্চার একটি বিশেষ মাত্রা যোগ করেছিল। মেলার ব্যস্ত ও প্রাণবন্ত পরিবেশের মধ্যে সবাই বই কেনা ও পড়ায় ব্যস্ত ছিল। আমিও কয়েকটি মূল্যবান বই কিনেছিলাম, যার মধ্যে কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞান ও ইংরেজি ভাষার ওপর লেখা বই ছিল। বইমেলা পরিদর্শনের শিক্ষামূলক গুরুত্ব অপরিসীম, কারণ এটি বই পড়া, লেখা ও বই সংগ্রহের অভ্যাস গড়ে তোলে। এটি আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনের একঘেয়েমি দূর করে এবং আমাদের জ্ঞানের পরিধি বিস্তৃত করে। তাই জ্ঞান বৃদ্ধির জন্য প্রত্যেক শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তি ও শিক্ষার্থীর বইমেলা পরিদর্শন করা অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজন। এটি একটি সুপ্রতিষ্ঠিত সত্য যে, একজন শিক্ষার্থী কেবল পাঠ্যবই পড়েই ভালো ফলাফল করতে পারে না; জ্ঞানের বিভিন্ন উৎসের সঙ্গে পরিচিত হওয়াও তার শিক্ষাজীবনে সাফল্যের জন্য সমানভাবে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।) Your Visit to a Book Fair A book fair is a very wonderful place where many different types of books are displayed and sold. Last month, I visited the famous Ekushe Boi Mela in Dhaka with some of my close friends. We went there in the afternoon. When we entered the fair, I was very surprised and happy to see so many books in one place. There were hundreds of stalls decorated beautifully with colored lights, banners, and flowers. We saw books of all kinds, like storybooks, poems, novels, religious books, and picture books for small children. Many people, including men, women, and children, came to visit the fair. They were walking happily from one stall to another, reading book covers, and buying their favorite books. I visited the stalls of different publishers and bought two storybooks and one science book. The whole place was full of joy and excitement. We also saw some famous writers sitting in their stalls, signing books, and talking to the readers. In the evening, we sat down to enjoy a nice cultural program. Some people sang beautiful songs, and some recited poems about our country. We also ate some delicious snacks from a food stall. We stayed at the fair for about three hours. It was a very happy and special day for me. I came back home with a happy heart and some great books. I will never forget the sweet memories of my visit to the book fair. [বইমেলা একটি খুব চমৎকার জায়গা যেখানে বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই প্রদর্শন ও বিক্রি করা হয়। গত মাসে, আমি আমার কয়েকজন ঘনিষ্ঠ বন্ধুর সাথে ঢাকার বিখ্যাত একুশে বইমেলায় গিয়েছিলাম। আমরা বিকেলে সেখানে গিয়েছিলাম। যখন আমরা মেলায় প্রবেশ করি, তখন এক জায়গায় এত বই দেখে আমি খুব অবাক এবং আনন্দিত হয়েছিলাম। সেখানে রঙিন আলো, ব্যানার এবং ফুল দিয়ে সুন্দরভাবে সাজানো শত শত স্টল ছিল। আমরা গল্পের বই, কবিতা, উপন্যাস, ধর্মীয় বই এবং ছোট বাচ্চাদের ছবির বইয়ের মতো সব ধরনের বই দেখেছি। পুরুষ, মহিলা এবং শিশুসহ অনেক মানুষ মেলা দেখতে এসেছিল। তারা আনন্দের সাথে এক স্টল থেকে অন্য স্টলে হাঁটছিল, বইয়ের কভার পড়ছিল এবং তাদের পছন্দের বই কিনছিল। আমি বিভিন্ন প্রকাশনীর স্টল ঘুরে দুটি গল্পের বই এবং একটি বিজ্ঞানের বই কিনেছি। পুরো জায়গাটি আনন্দ ও উত্তেজনায় পূর্ণ ছিল। আমরা কিছু বিখ্যাত লেখককেও তাদের স্টলে বসে থাকতে, বইয়ে স্বাক্ষর করতে এবং পাঠকদের সাথে কথা বলতে দেখেছি। সন্ধ্যায় আমরা একটি সুন্দর সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান উপভোগ করতে বসেছিলাম। কেউ কেউ সুন্দর গান গেয়েছিল, আর কেউ কেউ আমাদের দেশ নিয়ে কবিতা আবৃত্তি করেছিল। আমরা একটি খাবারের দোকান থেকে কিছু সুস্বাদু খাবারও খেয়েছিলাম। আমরা প্রায় তিন ঘণ্টা মেলায় ছিলাম। এটি আমার জন্য খুব আনন্দের এবং বিশেষ একটি দিন ছিল। আমি একটি সুখী হৃদয় এবং কিছু দুর্দান্ত বই নিয়ে বাড়ি ফিরেছি। বইমেলায় যাওয়ার মিষ্টি স্মৃতি আমি কখনোই ভুলব না।] Composition / Essay Writing A Book Fair A book fair is a delightful event where books are showcased and sold to the public, providing an opportunity for people to expand their knowledge and indulge in their love for reading. In our developing country, book fairs have gained significant popularity among educated individuals who eagerly seek to enrich their minds. These fairs are typically held annually in towns and cities, often coinciding with special occasions or celebrations. For instance, the Bangla Academy hosts a month-long book fair on the occasion of International Mother Language Day, while renowned publishers organize their own book fairs throughout the year. These events can last anywhere from a week to a month, attracting hundreds of publishers and sellers who set up stalls adorned with captivating decorations. The array of books available at a book fair is vast, covering various subjects in both Bangla and English. From literature to science, history to poetry, there's something for everyone. The fairgrounds buzz with activity as book lovers, readers, students, teachers, and even scholars gather to explore the offerings. It's not uncommon to spot writers and poets attending book signings or participating in seminars and discussions about literature. One of the highlights of a book fair is the affordability of books, with many being sold at discounted rates. This encourages people to cultivate the habit of reading and to cherish books as valuable treasures. Visiting a book fair fosters a sense of appreciation for literature and cultural exchange, helping to promote a society that values education and knowledge. In conclusion, attending a book fair is not just a leisurely activity but an essential part of one's educational journey. Every student and educated individual should make it a point to visit a book fair each year, as it not only broadens our horizons but also instills a lifelong love for reading and learning. একটি বইমেলা বইমেলা একটি আনন্দময় ও মনোরম আয়োজন, যেখানে সাধারণ মানুষের জন্য বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই প্রদর্শন ও বিক্রি করা হয়। এটি মানুষের জ্ঞান ও প্রজ্ঞা বৃদ্ধির পাশাপাশি বই পড়ার প্রতি তাদের ভালোবাসা ও আগ্রহকে লালন করার একটি চমৎকার সুযোগ সৃষ্টি করে। আমাদের উন্নয়নশীল দেশে শিক্ষিত মানুষের মধ্যে বইমেলা ব্যাপক জনপ্রিয়তা অর্জন করেছে। জ্ঞানপিপাসু ও সচেতন মানুষ নিজেদের জ্ঞান ও মননকে সমৃদ্ধ করার উদ্দেশ্যে আগ্রহভরে বইমেলায় অংশগ্রহণ করেন। সাধারণত প্রতিবছর বিভিন্ন শহর ও নগরে বইমেলার আয়োজন করা হয়। অনেক সময় বিশেষ দিবস, জাতীয় অনুষ্ঠান কিংবা কোনো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ উপলক্ষকে কেন্দ্র করে এসব মেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, আন্তর্জাতিক মাতৃভাষা দিবস উপলক্ষে বাংলা একাডেমি মাসব্যাপী বইমেলার আয়োজন করে। এ ছাড়া দেশের খ্যাতনামা প্রকাশনা প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোও সারা বছর বিভিন্ন সময়ে নিজস্ব উদ্যোগে বইমেলার আয়োজন করে থাকে। এসব মেলা এক সপ্তাহ থেকে এক মাস পর্যন্ত স্থায়ী হতে পারে। মেলায় শত শত প্রকাশক ও বিক্রেতা অংশগ্রহণ করেন এবং তাঁরা আকর্ষণীয় সাজসজ্জায় সজ্জিত বিভিন্ন স্টল স্থাপন করেন। একটি বইমেলায় বিভিন্ন ধরনের ও বিষয়ের বইয়ের বিপুল সমাহার দেখা যায়। বাংলা ও ইংরেজি উভয় ভাষাতেই সাহিত্যের বই থেকে শুরু করে বিজ্ঞান, ইতিহাস, কবিতা প্রভৃতি নানা বিষয়ের বই পাওয়া যায়। ফলে শিশু-কিশোর থেকে শুরু করে সাধারণ পাঠক, শিক্ষার্থী, শিক্ষক ও গবেষক—সবার জন্যই বইমেলায় পছন্দের বই খুঁজে পাওয়ার সুযোগ থাকে। মেলাপ্রাঙ্গণ বইপ্রেমী ও পাঠকদের পদচারণায় মুখর হয়ে ওঠে। অনেক সময় মেলায় লেখক ও কবিদেরও দেখা যায়। তাঁরা বইয়ে স্বাক্ষর প্রদান করেন এবং সাহিত্যবিষয়ক বিভিন্ন সেমিনার, আলোচনা ও মতবিনিময় অনুষ্ঠানে অংশগ্রহণ করেন। বইমেলার অন্যতম আকর্ষণ হলো তুলনামূলকভাবে সাশ্রয়ী মূল্যে বই কেনার সুযোগ। অনেক বইতে বিশেষ ছাড় দেওয়া হয়, ফলে পাঠকেরা স্বল্পমূল্যে পছন্দের বই সংগ্রহ করতে পারেন। এটি মানুষের মধ্যে বই পড়ার অভ্যাস গড়ে তুলতে এবং বইকে অমূল্য সম্পদ হিসেবে ভালোবাসতে উৎসাহিত করে। বইমেলায় যাওয়ার মাধ্যমে সাহিত্যের প্রতি মানুষের শ্রদ্ধা ও ভালোবাসা বৃদ্ধি পায় এবং বিভিন্ন চিন্তা, জ্ঞান ও সংস্কৃতির সঙ্গে পরিচিত হওয়ার সুযোগ সৃষ্টি হয়। এর ফলে শিক্ষা ও জ্ঞানকে মূল্য দেয়—এমন একটি সচেতন ও সংস্কৃতিমনা সমাজ গড়ে তুলতে বইমেলা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। পরিশেষে বলা যায়, বইমেলায় অংশগ্রহণ কেবল একটি আনন্দদায়ক অবসর বিনোদন নয়; বরং এটি একজন মানুষের শিক্ষাজীবনের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। প্রত্যেক শিক্ষার্থী ও শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তির প্রতিবছর অন্তত একবার বইমেলা পরিদর্শন করা উচিত। কারণ বইমেলা আমাদের জ্ঞানের পরিধি বিস্তৃত করার পাশাপাশি বই পড়া ও জ্ঞানার্জনের প্রতি আজীবন ভালোবাসা ও আগ্রহ সৃষ্টি করে। Your Visit to a Book Fair A book fair is a big market or festival where different types of books are brought to show and sell to the public. It is a very happy and important event for students, teachers, and book lovers. In our country, the Ekushe Boi Mela is the biggest and most popular book fair. It is held every year in February. This year, I went to visit this famous book fair with my friends, and it was a great experience. [বইমেলা হলো একটি বড় বাজার বা উৎসব যেখানে বিভিন্ন ধরনের বই জনগণকে দেখানোর ও বিক্রি করার জন্য আনা হয়। এটি ছাত্র, শিক্ষক এবং বইপ্রেমীদের জন্য একটি খুব আনন্দের এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ঘটনা। আমাদের দেশে, একুশে বইমেলা সবচেয়ে বড় এবং জনপ্রিয় বইমেলা। এটি প্রতি বছর ফেব্রুয়ারিতে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। এই বছর, আমি আমার বন্ধুদের সাথে এই বিখ্যাত বইমেলা দেখতে গিয়েছিলাম, এবং এটি একটি দুর্দান্ত অভিজ্ঞতা ছিল।] We reached the fair in the late afternoon. When we entered the main gate, I saw a huge area full of book stalls. The whole place was decorated with colorful papers, banners, and bright lights. A lot of people were already there. There were students, young children holding their parents' hands, and older people. Everyone looked very excited and happy to be surrounded by so many books. [আমরা পড়ন্ত বিকেলে মেলায় পৌঁছাই। যখন আমরা প্রধান ফটক দিয়ে প্রবেশ করি, আমি বইয়ের স্টলে ভরা একটি বিশাল এলাকা দেখতে পাই। পুরো জায়গাটি রঙিন কাগজ, ব্যানার এবং উজ্জ্বল আলো দিয়ে সাজানো ছিল। সেখানে আগে থেকেই অনেক মানুষ ছিল। সেখানে ছাত্রছাত্রী, বাবা-মায়ের হাত ধরে থাকা ছোট বাচ্চা এবং বয়স্ক মানুষ ছিল। এত এত বই দিয়ে ঘেরা থাকায় সবাইকে খুব উত্তেজিত এবং খুশি দেখাচ্ছিল।] We started walking from one stall to another. There were hundreds of stalls run by different publishers. They had all kinds of books. I saw storybooks, novels, science books, history books, and beautifully colored books for children. I love reading science fiction and adventure stories. So, I visited my favorite publishers and bought four new books. My friends also bought some storybooks and poetry books. [আমরা এক স্টল থেকে অন্য স্টলে হাঁটতে শুরু করলাম। সেখানে বিভিন্ন প্রকাশকের পরিচালিত শত শত স্টল ছিল। তাদের কাছে সব ধরনের বই ছিল। আমি গল্পের বই, উপন্যাস, বিজ্ঞানের বই, ইতিহাসের বই এবং শিশুদের জন্য সুন্দর রঙিন বই দেখেছি। আমি কল্পবিজ্ঞান এবং রোমাঞ্চকর গল্প পড়তে ভালোবাসি। তাই, আমি আমার প্রিয় প্রকাশকদের স্টলে গিয়েছিলাম এবং চারটি নতুন বই কিনেছিলাম। আমার জমানো টাকা দিয়ে আমার বন্ধুরাও কিছু গল্পের বই এবং কবিতার বই কিনেছিল।] Besides buying books, there were many other fun things to do. We saw some famous writers and poets sitting in their stalls. They were talking to their fans and signing books. It was wonderful to see them so close. In the evening, there was a cultural program on a large stage. We watched a short play about our Language Movement. We also listened to some beautiful patriotic songs. [বই কেনার পাশাপাশি, করার মতো আরও অনেক মজার জিনিস ছিল। আমরা কিছু বিখ্যাত লেখক ও কবিকে তাদের স্টলে বসে থাকতে দেখেছি। তারা তাদের ভক্তদের সাথে কথা বলছিল এবং বইয়ে স্বাক্ষর করছিল। তাদের এত কাছে দেখতে পেয়ে দারুণ লেগেছিল। সন্ধ্যায়, একটি বড় মঞ্চে একটি সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান হয়েছিল। আমরা আমাদের ভাষা আন্দোলন নিয়ে একটি ছোট নাটক দেখেছি। আমরা কিছু সুন্দর দেশাত্মবোধক গানও শুনেছি।] After spending about three hours, we felt hungry and ate some snacks from a food stall outside the fair. Then, it was time to go back home. I was a bit tired, but my mind was full of joy. A book fair is not just a place to buy books; it is a place to learn and get inspired. I will always remember this wonderful visit to the book fair. [প্রায় তিন ঘণ্টা কাটানোর পর আমাদের ক্ষুধা পেয়েছিল এবং মেলার বাইরে একটি খাবারের দোকান থেকে কিছু নাস্তা খেয়েছিলাম। তারপর, বাড়ি ফিরে যাওয়ার সময় হলো। আমি একটু ক্লান্ত ছিলাম, কিন্তু আমার মন আনন্দে পূর্ণ ছিল। বইমেলা শুধু বই কেনার জায়গা নয়; এটি শেখার এবং অনুপ্রাণিত হওয়ার একটি জায়গা। আমি সবসময় বইমেলার এই চমৎকার ভ্রমণের কথা মনে রাখব।] Comprehensive Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Adventure দুঃসাহসিক কাজ / রোমাঞ্চ Afternoon বিকেল Arrive পৌঁছানো Beautifully সুন্দরভাবে Buy কেনা Colorful রঙিন Country দেশ Decorate সাজানো Delicious সুস্বাদু Display প্রদর্শন করা Event ঘটনা / অনুষ্ঠান Excited উত্তেজিত / আনন্দিত Experience অভিজ্ঞতা Famous বিখ্যাত Favorite প্রিয় Festival উৎসব Gate ফটক / দরজা Happily আনন্দের সাথে History ইতিহাস Hungry ক্ষুধার্ত Important গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Inspired অনুপ্রাণিত Joy আনন্দ Language ভাষা Memory স্মৃতি Movement আন্দোলন Novel উপন্যাস Patriotic দেশাত্মবোধক People মানুষ Poem কবিতা Poet কবি Popular জনপ্রিয় Publisher প্রকাশক Recite আবৃত্তি করা Religious ধর্মীয় Science বিজ্ঞান Sell বিক্রি করা Sign স্বাক্ষর করা Snack হালকা খাবার / নাস্তা Special বিশেষ Stall দোকান / স্টল Surprised অবাক হওয়া Surrounded পরিবেষ্টিত / ঘেরা Tired ক্লান্ত Visit পরিদর্শন করা / বেড়াতে যাওয়া Wonderful চমৎকার / বিস্ময়কর Writer লেখক Points for the Examination 1. Introduction to Book Fair A place where books are displayed and sold. Very popular among students and book lovers. Ekushe Boi Mela is the biggest in Bangladesh. Held every year in February. 2. Arrival and Decorations Reached the fair in the afternoon. Went with close friends. The area was huge and crowded. Decorated with colorful lights and banners. 3. The Book Stalls Hundreds of stalls by different publishers. Many types of books (stories, poems, science, history). Colorful picture books for children. People were walking and reading book covers. 4. Buying Books and Seeing Writers Bought favorite storybooks and science books. Friends also bought poetry books. Saw famous writers sitting in stalls. Writers were signing books for readers. 5. Cultural Programs and Food Enjoyed a stage program in the evening. Watched a drama on the Language Movement. Listened to patriotic songs and poems. Ate delicious snacks from food stalls. 6. Conclusion Stayed at the fair for three hours. Returned home with a happy heart. Book fairs inspire us to read more. Will always remember the sweet memories.

Paragraph Writing A BIRTHDAY PARTY I ENJOYED ​ A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are many charms in a birthday party because both the guests and the hosts get much pleasure in a birthday party. I have recently enjoyed a birthday party of one of my younger cousins. It was his 13 /14 / 15th birthday. As I am very close to him I had gone to their residence earlier to help him. We together decorated their house nicely. My cousin put on his new dress which my uncle had bought for him. Then the birthday cake arrived, which was the main attraction of the party. It had been ordered earlier. At 7 p.m. the arrival of the invited guests started. My cousin lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food was served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme was arranged after the meal. I also took part in the function by cutting a joke in the party. Everybody became happy to hear this. Then the guests gradually were leaving the function. All the guests left wishing my cousin many happy returns of the day. Finally it was my turn. In the mean time I extended my helping hand to do everything up nicely. Then I took farewell from my cousin. He did not like to leave me but I had to, as I had an important class next day. So I came back and all the night I cherished the sweet memories of the party. Model Answer-2 A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A birthday party is a very happy event. People celebrate it to remember the day they were born and to have fun with friends and family. A few days ago, I enjoyed the birthday party of my younger cousin. It was his fourteenth birthday. I went to his house early to help him. We decorated the drawing room with colorful balloons and ribbons. My cousin wore a beautiful new dress bought by his father. In the evening, the guests started to arrive. The main attraction was a big, beautiful birthday cake. My cousin lit the candles on the cake. Then he cut the cake with a big smile. Everyone clapped their hands and sang the birthday song. After that, we ate delicious food. There was rice, meat, sweets, and cold drinks. After eating, we arranged a small cultural program. Some sang songs, and I told a funny joke. Everyone laughed and enjoyed it very much. Slowly, the guests started to go home. They wished my cousin a long and happy life. I helped my aunt clean up the room. Then I said goodbye to my cousin and came back home. The sweet memories of the party stayed in my mind for a long time. [জন্মদিনের পার্টি খুব আনন্দের একটি অনুষ্ঠান। মানুষ জন্মগ্রহণের দিনটিকে স্মরণ রাখতে এবং বন্ধু ও পরিবারের সাথে মজা করার জন্য এটি উদযাপন করে। কয়েকদিন আগে, আমি আমার ছোট কাজিনের জন্মদিনের পার্টি উপভোগ করেছি। এটি ছিল তার চৌদ্দতম জন্মদিন। আমি তাকে সাহায্য করার জন্য আগেই তার বাড়িতে গিয়েছিলাম। আমরা রঙিন বেলুন এবং ফিতা দিয়ে বসার ঘরটি সাজিয়েছিলাম। আমার কাজিন তার বাবার কিনে দেওয়া একটি সুন্দর নতুন পোশাক পরেছিল। সন্ধ্যায় অতিথিরা আসতে শুরু করে। প্রধান আকর্ষণ ছিল একটি বড়, সুন্দর জন্মদিনের কেক। আমার কাজিন কেকের মোমবাতিগুলো জ্বালায়। এরপর সে হাসিমুখে কেকটি কাটে। সবাই হাততালি দেয় এবং জন্মদিনের গান গায়। এরপর আমরা সুস্বাদু খাবার খাই। সেখানে ভাত, মাংস, মিষ্টি এবং ঠান্ডা পানীয় ছিল। খাওয়ার পর আমরা একটি ছোট সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করি। কেউ কেউ গান গায়, আর আমি একটি মজার জোকস বলি। সবাই খুব হাসে এবং উপভোগ করে। ধীরে ধীরে অতিথিরা বাড়ি যেতে শুরু করে। তারা আমার কাজিনের দীর্ঘ ও সুখী জীবন কামনা করে। আমি আমার খালাকে ঘর পরিষ্কার করতে সাহায্য করি। তারপর আমি আমার কাজিনকে বিদায় জানাই এবং বাড়ি ফিরে আসি। পার্টির মিষ্টি স্মৃতিগুলো অনেকক্ষণ আমার মনে ছিল।] Composition / Essay Writing A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A birthday party is a joyful occasion, celebrated to make the day memorable and bring happiness to everyone involved. Recently, I had the pleasure of attending my younger cousin’s birthday party, which turned out to be a delightful and unforgettable experience. It was his 14th birthday, and as I am very close to him, I reached his house early to help with preparations. Together, we decorated the house with colorful balloons, ribbons, and lights, creating a festive atmosphere. My cousin was excited and wore a beautiful new outfit gifted by his father. The centerpiece of the celebration, a large and beautifully decorated birthday cake, arrived just before the guests. The party began at 7 p.m. with the arrival of friends, relatives, and neighbors. My cousin lit the candles on the cake and, with a big smile, cut the cake as everyone clapped and cheered. The room was filled with laughter and joy. Afterward, the delicious food, including a variety of dishes and desserts, was served to all the guests. The evening continued with a cultural program organized for entertainment. Some guests sang songs, while others shared funny anecdotes. I contributed by cracking a joke, which made everyone laugh. The cheerful atmosphere brought everyone closer. As the night progressed, the guests began to leave, wishing my cousin "many happy returns of the day." I stayed back to help clean up and ensure everything was in order. Though my cousin wanted me to stay longer, I had to leave because of an important class the next day. That night, I cherished the beautiful memories of the celebration. The joy, laughter, and togetherness made the event truly special. This birthday party reminded me of the happiness that small gatherings with loved ones can bring. A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A birthday is a very special day in a person’s life. It comes once a year and brings a lot of joy. People celebrate this day to make happy memories and share their joy with others. Both the host and the guests get much pleasure from a birthday party. Recently, I attended the birthday party of my younger cousin, and I enjoyed it very much. [জন্মদিন মানুষের জীবনের একটি খুব বিশেষ দিন। এটি বছরে একবার আসে এবং অনেক আনন্দ নিয়ে আসে। মানুষ আনন্দের স্মৃতি তৈরি করতে এবং অন্যদের সাথে আনন্দ ভাগ করে নিতে এই দিনটি উদযাপন করে। আয়োজক এবং অতিথি উভয়েই জন্মদিনের পার্টি থেকে অনেক আনন্দ পায়। সম্প্রতি, আমি আমার ছোট কাজিনের জন্মদিনের পার্টিতে গিয়েছিলাম এবং আমি এটি খুব উপভোগ করেছি।] It was my cousin’s fourteenth birthday. Because I am very close to him, I went to his house early in the morning to help with the preparations. We worked together and decorated the house nicely with colorful papers, lights, and balloons. My cousin put on his new clothes that my uncle had bought for him. He looked very handsome and happy. [এটি ছিল আমার কাজিনের চৌদ্দতম জন্মদিন। যেহেতু আমি তার খুব কাছের, তাই প্রস্তুতির কাজে সাহায্য করার জন্য আমি সকাল সকাল তার বাড়িতে চলে গিয়েছিলাম। আমরা একসাথে কাজ করেছি এবং রঙিন কাগজ, আলো ও বেলুন দিয়ে বাড়িটি সুন্দরভাবে সাজিয়েছি। আমার কাজিন তার চাচার কিনে দেওয়া নতুন পোশাক পরেছিল। তাকে খুব সুদর্শন এবং খুশি দেখাচ্ছিল।] In the evening, around 7 p.m., the invited guests started to arrive. They brought beautiful gifts and flowers. The main attraction of the party was a large and beautiful birthday cake that was ordered earlier. My cousin stood in front of the cake. He lit the candles and then blew them out. He cut the cake with a happy smile while all the friends and relatives clapped and sang the happy birthday song. [সন্ধ্যায়, প্রায় ৭টার দিকে আমন্ত্রিত অতিথিরা আসতে শুরু করে। তারা সুন্দর উপহার এবং ফুল নিয়ে এসেছিল। পার্টির প্রধান আকর্ষণ ছিল একটি বড় এবং সুন্দর জন্মদিনের কেক যা আগেই অর্ডার করা হয়েছিল। আমার কাজিন কেকের সামনে দাঁড়িয়েছিল। সে মোমবাতিগুলো জ্বালিয়েছিল এবং তারপর ফুঁ দিয়ে নিভিয়েছিল। সে হাসিমুখে কেকটি কেটেছিল, আর তখন সব বন্ধু ও আত্মীয়রা হাততালি দিচ্ছিল এবং শুভ জন্মদিনের গান গাচ্ছিল।] After the cake cutting, delicious food was served to all the guests. We ate many tasty items and enjoyed the meal together. After eating, everyone wanted to do something fun. So, a short cultural program was arranged. Some friends sang beautiful songs. I also took part in the program by telling a funny joke. Everyone laughed loudly and felt very happy to hear it. [কেক কাটার পর সব অতিথিদের সুস্বাদু খাবার পরিবেশন করা হয়। আমরা অনেক মজাদার খাবার খেয়েছি এবং একসাথে খাবার উপভোগ করেছি। খাওয়ার পর সবাই মজার কিছু করতে চেয়েছিল। তাই একটি ছোট সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করা হয়। কয়েকজন বন্ধু সুন্দর গান গেয়েছে। আমি একটি মজার জোকস বলে অনুষ্ঠানে অংশ নিয়েছিলাম। সবাই জোরে হেসেছিল এবং এটি শুনে খুব খুশি হয়েছিল।] The party was finally coming to an end. The guests slowly started leaving the house. Before leaving, everyone wished my cousin many happy returns of the day and a bright future. I stayed a bit longer to help clean up the place. Then, I took farewell from my cousin. He did not want me to leave, but I had an important class the next day. I came back home and remembered the sweet memories of the party all night. [পার্টি অবশেষে শেষের দিকে আসছিল। অতিথিরা ধীরে ধীরে বাড়ি ছাড়তে শুরু করেছিল। যাওয়ার আগে সবাই আমার কাজিনের দীর্ঘায়ু ও উজ্জ্বল ভবিষ্যৎ কামনা করে। আমি জায়গাটি পরিষ্কার করতে সাহায্য করার জন্য আরেকটু বেশি সময় ছিলাম। তারপর, আমি আমার কাজিনের কাছ থেকে বিদায় নিই। সে চায়নি আমি চলে যাই, কিন্তু পরের দিন আমার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ক্লাস ছিল। আমি বাড়ি ফিরে আসি এবং সারা রাত পার্টির মিষ্টি স্মৃতিগুলো মনে করি।] Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Amusement বিনোদন / আনন্দ Applause হাততালি / প্রশংসা Arrange আয়োজন করা / ব্যবস্থা করা Arrival আগমন / পৌঁছানো Attraction আকর্ষণ Beautiful সুন্দর Celebrate উদযাপন করা Cherish সযত্নে লালন করা / মনে রাখা Chuckle মুখ টিপে হাসা / মৃদু হাসা Close কাছের / ঘনিষ্ঠ Cultural সাংস্কৃতিক Decorate সাজানো / সজ্জিত করা Delicious সুস্বাদু Dress পোশাক / জামা Enjoy উপভোগ করা Extended প্রসারিত করা / বাড়িয়ে দেওয়া Farewell বিদায় Gradually ধীরে ধীরে / ক্রমান্বয়ে Guest অতিথি Host আয়োজক Important গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Invited আমন্ত্রিত Joke কৌতুক / জোকস Joyous আনন্দময় Lighted জ্বালিয়েছিল Meal খাবার / আহার Memorable স্মরণীয় Merriment আনন্দ-উল্লাস Pleasure আনন্দ / সুখ Prepare প্রস্তুত করা Recently সম্প্রতি / কিছুদিন আগে Relative আত্মীয় Residence বাসস্থান / বাড়ি Return ফিরে আসা (Happy returns = দীর্ঘায়ু) Serve পরিবেশন করা Sweet মিষ্টি / মধুর Wish কামনা করা / ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করা Points for the Examination 1. Introduction Birthday is a day of joy. Gives pleasure to host and guests. Helps make happy memories. Everyone feels very joyous. 2. Preparation for the Party Went to cousin's house early. Helped with decorations. Decorated drawing room nicely. Cousin wore a beautiful new dress. 3. The Main Event Guests arrived at 7 p.m. Ordered a big, nice birthday cake. Cousin lit the candles. Cut the cake with a happy smile. Guests clapped and cheered. 4. Food and Entertainment Delicious food was served. Everyone enjoyed the meal. Arranged a cultural program. Told a funny joke. Everyone laughed and enjoyed. 5. Conclusion Guests started leaving slowly. Wished him "happy returns of the day". Helped clean up the house. Took farewell to attend class. Cherished sweet memories all night.

Paragraph Writing A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. Model Answer-2 A Balanced Diet A balanced diet is very important for a healthy life. It means eating the right kinds of food in the right amounts. Our body needs different nutrients to work properly. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates give us energy, while proteins help build and repair our body. Fats also give energy but should be eaten in small amounts. Vitamins and minerals keep our body strong and help fight diseases. Fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products, and meat are parts of a balanced diet. Fruits and vegetables give us vitamins and fiber. Grains like rice, bread, and pasta give carbohydrates. Milk and cheese give calcium, which is good for our bones and teeth. Meat, fish, and eggs are good sources of protein. Eating too much or too little of any food can be harmful. Junk food, like chips and sugary drinks, is not part of a balanced diet because it has too much fat and sugar but no real nutrients. Drinking enough water is also important for staying healthy. A balanced diet keeps our body strong, gives us energy, and helps us avoid many diseases. It also helps us grow properly, stay fit, and live a happy life. Everyone, from children to adults, should follow a balanced diet to stay healthy. Bangla Translation: একটি সুষম খাদ্য একটি সুস্থ জীবনের জন্য খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এর অর্থ সঠিক পরিমাণে সঠিক ধরণের খাবার খাওয়া। আমাদের শরীরের সঠিকভাবে কাজ করার জন্য বিভিন্ন পুষ্টির প্রয়োজন। এই পুষ্টির মধ্যে রয়েছে কার্বোহাইড্রেট, প্রোটিন, চর্বি, ভিটামিন এবং খনিজ। কার্বোহাইড্রেট আমাদের শক্তি দেয়, যখন প্রোটিন আমাদের শরীর গঠন ও মেরামত করতে সাহায্য করে। চর্বিও শক্তি দেয় তবে অল্প পরিমাণে খাওয়া উচিত। ভিটামিন এবং মিনারেল আমাদের শরীরকে শক্তিশালী রাখে এবং রোগের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করতে সাহায্য করে। ফল, শাকসবজি, শস্য, দুগ্ধজাত দ্রব্য এবং মাংস একটি সুষম খাদ্যের অংশ। ফলমূল এবং শাকসবজি আমাদের ভিটামিন এবং ফাইবার দেয়। ভাত, রুটি এবং পাস্তার মতো শস্য শর্করা দেয়। দুধ এবং পনির ক্যালসিয়াম দেয়, যা আমাদের হাড় ও দাঁতের জন্য ভালো। মাংস, মাছ এবং ডিম প্রোটিনের ভালো উৎস। যে কোনো খাবার খুব বেশি বা খুব কম খাওয়া ক্ষতিকর হতে পারে। চিপস এবং চিনিযুক্ত পানীয়ের মতো জাঙ্ক ফুড একটি সুষম খাদ্যের অংশ নয় কারণ এতে প্রচুর পরিমাণে চর্বি এবং চিনি রয়েছে কিন্তু প্রকৃত পুষ্টি নেই। সুস্থ থাকার জন্য পর্যাপ্ত পানি পান করাও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। একটি সুষম খাদ্য আমাদের শরীরকে শক্তিশালী রাখে, আমাদের শক্তি দেয় এবং আমাদের অনেক রোগ এড়াতে সাহায্য করে। এটি আমাদের সঠিকভাবে বেড়ে উঠতে, ফিট থাকতে এবং একটি সুখী জীবনযাপন করতে সহায়তা করে। শিশু থেকে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক সকলেরই সুস্থ থাকার জন্য সুষম খাদ্য গ্রহণ করা উচিত। Model Answer-3 A Balanced Diet A balanced diet means eating the right foods in the right amounts every day. Our body is like a machine. To run this machine well, we need good fuel. Food is the fuel for our body. But all foods do not do the same work. We need different types of foods to stay healthy and strong. A balanced diet has six main parts. These are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates give us energy to work and play. We get them from rice, bread, and potatoes. Proteins help our body to grow big and repair our muscles. Fish, meat, eggs, and milk have a lot of protein. Fats also give us energy and keep our body warm. Oil, butter, and ghee are fats. We should eat a little bit of fat, not too much. Vitamins and minerals protect us from different diseases. They keep our eyes, skin, and bones healthy. Fresh fruits and green vegetables are full of vitamins and minerals. Lastly, we must drink plenty of safe water every day to keep our body clean from the inside. If we do not eat a balanced diet, we will become weak and fall sick very easily. Junk food like chips and cold drinks are not good for our health. So, every student in Bangladesh should eat a balanced diet every day to get good health, a sharp mind, and a happy life. [সুষম খাদ্য বলতে প্রতিদিন সঠিক পরিমাণে সঠিক খাবার খাওয়াকে বোঝায়। আমাদের শরীর একটি মেশিনের মতো। এই মেশিনটি ভালোভাবে চালানোর জন্য আমাদের ভালো জ্বালানি দরকার। খাদ্য হলো আমাদের শরীরের জ্বালানি। কিন্তু সব খাবার একই কাজ করে না। সুস্থ ও সবল থাকার জন্য আমাদের বিভিন্ন ধরনের খাবার প্রয়োজন। সুষম খাদ্যের ছয়টি প্রধান অংশ রয়েছে। এগুলো হলো শর্করা, আমিষ, চর্বি, ভিটামিন, খনিজ লবণ এবং পানি। শর্করা আমাদের কাজ করতে এবং খেলতে শক্তি দেয়। আমরা ভাত, রুটি এবং আলু থেকে এগুলো পাই। আমিষ আমাদের শরীরকে বড় হতে এবং পেশি গঠনে সাহায্য করে। মাছ, মাংস, ডিম এবং দুধে প্রচুর আমিষ থাকে। চর্বিও আমাদের শক্তি দেয় এবং শরীর গরম রাখে। তেল, মাখন এবং ঘি হলো চর্বি। আমাদের সামান্য চর্বি খাওয়া উচিত, বেশি নয়। ভিটামিন এবং খনিজ লবণ আমাদের বিভিন্ন রোগ থেকে রক্ষা করে। এগুলো আমাদের চোখ, ত্বক এবং হাড় সুস্থ রাখে। তাজা ফল এবং সবুজ শাকসবজি ভিটামিন ও খনিজ লবণে ভরপুর। সবশেষে, শরীরের ভেতর পরিষ্কার রাখতে আমাদের প্রতিদিন প্রচুর নিরাপদ পানি পান করতে হবে। আমরা যদি সুষম খাবার না খাই, তবে আমরা দুর্বল হয়ে পড়ব এবং খুব সহজে অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়ব। চিপস এবং কোল্ড ড্রিংকসের মতো জাঙ্ক ফুড আমাদের স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো নয়। তাই, সুস্বাস্থ্য, প্রখর মন এবং সুখী জীবন পেতে বাংলাদেশের প্রতিটি শিক্ষার্থীর প্রতিদিন সুষম খাবার খাওয়া উচিত।] Composition / Essay Writing A Balanced Diet A balanced diet is essential for a healthy and active life. It means eating the right types and amounts of food to provide the body with all the nutrients it needs. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each of these plays an important role in keeping our body fit and strong. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy. Foods like rice, bread, and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates. Proteins help build and repair our body tissues. Fish, meat, eggs, and beans are good sources of protein. Fats, though needed in smaller amounts, provide energy and help absorb certain vitamins. Healthy fats can be found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil. Vitamins and minerals are essential for protecting the body from diseases and keeping it healthy. Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins like Vitamin C, which boosts immunity, and Vitamin A, which is good for eyesight. Minerals like calcium and iron are also important. Calcium strengthens bones and teeth, while iron helps carry oxygen in the blood. Water is another crucial part of a balanced diet. It helps digest food, removes waste, and keeps the body hydrated. Without enough water, our body cannot function properly. Eating junk food, such as chips, sweets, and sugary drinks, can harm our health. These foods are high in fat, sugar, and salt but low in nutrients. They may lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems. A balanced diet should also be taken in proper portions. Overeating or undereating can disturb the balance and lead to health issues. Along with eating healthy, regular exercise is important to maintain a fit body and mind. In conclusion, a balanced diet helps us grow, stay active, and avoid diseases. It is the foundation of good health and happiness. Everyone should make a habit of eating a balanced diet to live a long and healthy life. A Balanced Diet A balanced diet is very important for all of us to live a healthy and happy life. It means taking the proper food in the correct amount. We eat food every day to live, but all foods are not the same. To build a strong and healthy body, we must eat foods that have all the necessary elements. A balanced diet gives our body the right nutrition it needs to work properly all day long. [সুস্থ ও সুখী জীবনযাপনের জন্য সুষম খাদ্য আমাদের সবার জন্য খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এর অর্থ হলো সঠিক পরিমাণে সঠিক খাবার গ্রহণ করা। বাঁচার জন্য আমরা প্রতিদিন খাবার খাই, কিন্তু সব খাবার এক রকম নয়। একটি শক্তিশালী ও সুস্থ শরীর গঠন করতে, আমাদের এমন খাবার খেতে হবে যাতে সব প্রয়োজনীয় উপাদান আছে। একটি সুষম খাদ্য আমাদের শরীরকে সারাদিন ঠিকমতো কাজ করার জন্য সঠিক পুষ্টি দেয়।] A balanced diet has different elements. Carbohydrates and proteins are two very important parts. Carbohydrates give us the heat and energy we need to move, work, and read. We get carbohydrates by eating everyday foods like rice, bread, potatoes, and sugar. On the other hand, proteins build our body and repair it when we get hurt. We get protein from fish, meat, eggs, milk, and different types of dal. [সুষম খাদ্যে বিভিন্ন উপাদান থাকে। শর্করা এবং আমিষ দুটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। শর্করা আমাদের চলাফেরা, কাজ এবং পড়ার জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় তাপ ও শক্তি দেয়। আমরা প্রতিদিনের খাবার যেমন ভাত, রুটি, আলু এবং চিনি খেয়ে শর্করা পাই। অন্যদিকে, আমিষ আমাদের শরীর গঠন করে এবং আমরা আহত হলে তা নিরাময় করে। আমরা মাছ, মাংস, ডিম, দুধ এবং বিভিন্ন ধরনের ডাল থেকে আমিষ পাই।] The next parts of a balanced diet are fats, vitamins, and minerals. Fat gives us more energy than carbohydrates and keeps our body warm. We get fat from cooking oil, butter, and ghee. But we must eat fat in very small amounts. Vitamins and minerals are needed to keep us safe from diseases. They make our eyes clear and our bones strong. We get them from eating lots of fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables. [সুষম খাদ্যের পরবর্তী অংশগুলো হলো চর্বি, ভিটামিন এবং খনিজ লবণ। চর্বি আমাদের শর্করার চেয়ে বেশি শক্তি দেয় এবং আমাদের শরীরকে গরম রাখে। আমরা রান্নার তেল, মাখন এবং ঘি থেকে চর্বি পাই। তবে আমাদের খুব অল্প পরিমাণে চর্বি খাওয়া উচিত। রোগ থেকে আমাদের নিরাপদ রাখতে ভিটামিন এবং খনিজ লবণ প্রয়োজন। এগুলো আমাদের চোখ পরিষ্কার এবং হাড় মজবুত করে। প্রচুর তাজা ফল এবং সবুজ শাকসবজি খেলে আমরা এগুলো পাই।] Water is also a main part of a balanced diet. We must drink plenty of pure and safe water every single day. Water helps to digest our food and keeps our blood clean. At the same time, we must remember what foods to avoid. Junk foods like chips, burgers, and sweet drinks are not part of a balanced diet. They have too much fat and sugar, which makes us sick and lazy. [পানিও সুষম খাদ্যের একটি প্রধান অংশ। আমাদের প্রতিদিন প্রচুর পরিমাণে বিশুদ্ধ ও নিরাপদ পানি পান করতে হবে। পানি আমাদের খাবার হজম করতে সাহায্য করে এবং রক্ত পরিষ্কার রাখে। একই সাথে, আমাদের মনে রাখতে হবে কোন খাবারগুলো এড়িয়ে চলতে হবে। চিপস, বার্গার এবং মিষ্টি পানীয়ের মতো জাঙ্ক ফুড সুষম খাদ্যের অংশ নয়। এগুলোতে অতিরিক্ত চর্বি এবং চিনি থাকে, যা আমাদের অসুস্থ ও অলস করে তোলে।] In conclusion, we cannot think of good health without a balanced diet. Good health is the root of all happiness. Students need a healthy body to have a healthy mind for their studies. If we eat a balanced diet every day, we will grow up strong, fit, and active. Therefore, everyone should learn about the value of good food and always try to follow a balanced diet for a long and beautiful life. [উপসংহারে বলা যায়, সুষম খাদ্য ছাড়া আমরা সুস্বাস্থ্যের কথা ভাবতে পারি না। সুস্বাস্থ্যই সকল সুখের মূল। পড়াশোনার জন্য সুস্থ মনের পাশাপাশি শিক্ষার্থীদের একটি সুস্থ শরীরের প্রয়োজন। আমরা যদি প্রতিদিন সুষম খাবার খাই, তবে আমরা শক্তিশালী, ফিট এবং কর্মঠ হয়ে বেড়ে উঠব। তাই, সকলের উচিত ভালো খাবারের মূল্য সম্পর্কে জানা এবং একটি দীর্ঘ ও সুন্দর জীবনের জন্য সবসময় সুষম খাদ্য মেনে চলার চেষ্টা করা।] Vocabulary Table English Word Bangla Meaning (বাংলা অর্থ) Active কর্মঠ / সক্রিয় Amount পরিমাণ Avoid এড়িয়ে চলা Balanced সুষম / ভারসাম্যপূর্ণ Blood রক্ত Body শরীর / দেহ Bone হাড় Build গঠন করা / তৈরি করা Carbohydrate শর্করা Correct সঠিক Diet খাদ্যতালিকা / খাবার Different ভিন্ন / বিভিন্ন Digest হজম করা Disease রোগ / অসুখ Element উপাদান Energy শক্তি Essential অপরিহার্য / প্রয়োজনীয় Fat চর্বি / স্নেহ পদার্থ Fit উপযুক্ত / সুস্থ Food খাদ্য / খাবার Fresh তাজা / সতেজ Grow বেড়ে ওঠা / বড় হওয়া Health স্বাস্থ্য Healthy স্বাস্থ্যবান / সুস্থ Heat তাপ Important গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Junk food ক্ষতিকর খাবার Lazy অলস Live বেঁচে থাকা Meat মাংস Mineral খনিজ পদার্থ Necessary প্রয়োজনীয় Nutrition পুষ্টি Plenty প্রচুর Prevent প্রতিরোধ করা / বাধা দেওয়া Proper সঠিক / উপযুক্ত Proportion অনুপাত / মাত্রা Protein আমিষ Pure বিশুদ্ধ Quantity পরিমাণ Ratio অনুপাত Repair মেরামত করা / নিরাময় করা Requirement চাহিদা / প্রয়োজন Root মূল / শিকড় Safe নিরাপদ Sick অসুস্থ Strong শক্তিশালী / মজবুত System পদ্ধতি / ব্যবস্থা Value মূল্য / গুরুত্ব Vegetable শাকসবজি Vitamin খাদ্যপ্রাণ / ভিটামিন Warm উষ্ণ / গরম Water পানি Weak দুর্বল Points for the Examination 1. Definition of a Balanced Diet Eating right food in right amounts. Contains all necessary food elements. Meets the nutritional needs of the body. Maintains proper food ratio. 2. The Six Main Elements Carbohydrates (শর্করা). Proteins (আমিষ). Fats (চর্বি). Vitamins (ভিটামিন). Minerals (খনিজ লবণ). Water (পানি). 3. Sources of Food Elements Carbohydrates: Rice, bread, potato, sugar. Proteins: Meat, fish, egg, milk, dal, beans. Fats: Oil, butter, ghee. Vitamins & Minerals: Fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables. Water: Pure drinking water. 4. Functions of the Elements Carbohydrate & Fat: Give heat and energy. Protein: Builds the body and repairs muscles. Vitamins & Minerals: Protect from diseases, keep bones/eyes healthy. Water: Digests food, keeps blood clean. 5. Things to Avoid Do not eat too much fat or sugar. Avoid junk food (chips, burgers, cold drinks). Do not eat too little or too much of any food. 6. Benefits of a Balanced Diet Keeps the body strong and fit. Gives energy for work and play. Fights against diseases. Ensures proper growth. Brings a happy and healthy life.

Paragraph Writing An Earthquake An earthquake is a natural event where the ground shakes suddenly. Even though earthquakes don't happen often in Bangladesh, they can still be dangerous. When an earthquake occurs, it can cause a lot of damage to buildings and roads. It can also hurt people. In big cities, where there are many buildings close together, earthquakes can be especially harmful. Bangladesh is in an area where earthquakes sometimes happen. While they don't happen frequently, it's important to be ready in case one occurs. This means learning what to do to stay safe during an earthquake. When an earthquake happens, it's best to find shelter inside a sturdy building. If you can't get inside, it's safer to be in an open area away from buildings and trees. It's also important to be careful of aftershocks, which can happen after the main earthquake. After an earthquake, communities need to check for damage and help people who are hurt or need shelter. This includes providing medical care, clean water, and a safe place to stay. It's also important to fix buildings and roads that were damaged by the earthquake. By being prepared and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake, we can help keep everyone safe. (ভূমিকম্প হলো একটি প্রাকৃতিক ঘটনা যেখানে হঠাৎ মাটি কেঁপে ওঠে। বাংলাদেশে ঘন ঘন ভূমিকম্প না হলেও এগুলো বেশ বিপজ্জনক হতে পারে। যখন কোনো ভূমিকম্প হয়, তখন এটি ভবন ও রাস্তাঘাটের ব্যাপক ক্ষতিসাধন করতে পারে। এতে মানুষের প্রাণহানিও ঘটতে পারে। বড় বড় শহরগুলোতে, যেখানে বাড়িঘর খুব কাছাকাছি গড়ে উঠেছে, সেখানে ভূমিকম্প বিশেষত ক্ষতিকর হতে পারে। বাংলাদেশ এমন একটি এলাকায় অবস্থিত যেখানে মাঝে মাঝে ভূমিকম্প হয়। যদিও এগুলো ঘন ঘন ঘটে না, তবু তা মোকাবিলার জন্য প্রস্তুত থাকা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এর অর্থ হলো—ভূমিকম্পের সময় সুরক্ষিত থাকার জন্য কী করা উচিত তা জানা। ভূমিকম্প শুরু হলে কোনো মজবুত ভবনের ভেতরে আশ্রয় নেওয়া সবচেয়ে ভালো। আর যদি ঘরের ভেতরে যাওয়া সম্ভব না হয়, তবে ভবন ও গাছপালা থেকে দূরে কোনো উন্মুক্ত স্থানে থাকাই বেশি নিরাপদ। প্রধান ভূমিকম্পটির পর আবার যেসব অনুকম্পন (আফটারশক) হতে পারে, সেগুলোর বিষয়েও সতর্ক থাকা জরুরি। ভূমিকম্পের পর ক্ষয়ক্ষতির পরিমাণ পরীক্ষা করা এবং যারা আহত হয়েছে বা যাদের আশ্রয়ের প্রয়োজন, তাদের সাহায্য করা প্রতিটি সমাজের কর্তব্য। এর মধ্যে রয়েছে চিকিৎসাসেবা, বিশুদ্ধ পানি এবং নিরাপদ আশ্রয়ের ব্যবস্থা করা। এছাড়া ভূমিকম্পে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত ভবন ও রাস্তাঘাট মেরামত করাও অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি গ্রহণ করে এবং ভূমিকম্পের সময় ও পরে কী করণীয় তা জেনে আমরা সবাইকে নিরাপদ রাখতে সাহায্য করতে পারি।) Model Answer-2 An Earthquake An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground caused by movements deep inside the Earth. It happens when the Earth's plates shift, releasing energy that travels as waves. Earthquakes can be small and barely felt or very strong, causing serious damage to buildings, roads, and lives. There are many reasons for earthquakes. Most happen naturally because of shifts in the Earth’s crust, but human activities like mining, building dams, or drilling can also trigger them. Some areas, especially near fault lines, experience earthquakes more often than others. The effects of an earthquake depend on its strength. Strong earthquakes can destroy homes, schools, and hospitals, leaving people injured or homeless. They can also cause landslides, tsunamis, and fires, making the damage even worse. In addition to physical damage, earthquakes create fear and suffering for those who experience them. To reduce the risks, buildings in earthquake-prone areas should be designed to withstand shaking. People should also learn what to do during an earthquake, like staying under a sturdy table or moving to an open area away from buildings. Emergency supplies like water, food, and first aid kits can help during such disasters. In conclusion, earthquakes are powerful natural events that remind us of the Earth’s strength. While we cannot stop them, being prepared and building safer structures can save lives and reduce damage. Everyone should be aware of how to stay safe during an earthquake. (ভূমিকম্প হলো পৃথিবীর গভীরে সৃষ্ট আলোড়নের কারণে ভূ-পৃষ্ঠের আকস্মিক কম্পন। টেকটোনিক প্লেটগুলোর স্থানচ্যুতির ফলে যে শক্তি নির্গত হয়, তা তরঙ্গের আকারে ছড়িয়ে পড়লে ভূমিকম্পের সৃষ্টি হয়। ভূমিকম্প মৃদু হতে পারে—যা খালি চোখে বোঝাই যায় না, আবার অত্যন্ত তীব্রও হতে পারে, যা দালানকোঠা, রাস্তাঘাট ও মানবজীবনের মারাত্মক ক্ষতিসাধন করে। ভূমিকম্পের পেছনে নানা কারণ রয়েছে। এর অধিকাংশই পৃথিবীর ভূ-ত্বকের স্বাভাবিক নাড়াচাড়ার কারণে ঘটে থাকে, তবে খনি খনন, বাঁধ নির্মাণ বা ড্রিলিংয়ের মতো মানবসৃষ্ট কর্মকাণ্ডের ফলেও এটি ঘটতে পারে। কিছু কিছু অঞ্চল, বিশেষ করে ফল্ট লাইনের (ভূ-চ্যুতি রেখা) নিকটবর্তী এলাকাগুলোতে অন্যান্য অঞ্চলের তুলনায় ঘন ঘন ভূমিকম্প হয়ে থাকে। ভূমিকম্পের প্রভাব নির্ভর করে এর তীব্রতার ওপর। শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্প ঘরবাড়ি, স্কুল ও হাসপাতাল ধ্বংস করে মানুষ আহত ও গৃহহীন করে তুলতে পারে। এগুলো ভূমিধস, সুনামি এবং অগ্নিকাণ্ডের মতো দুর্যোগও সৃষ্টি করতে পারে, যা ক্ষয়ক্ষতির পরিমাণকে আরও বাড়িয়ে দেয়। বস্তুগত ক্ষতির পাশাপাশি ভূমিকম্প ভুক্তভোগীদের মনে গভীর ভয় ও কষ্টের সৃষ্টি করে। ঝুঁকি কমাতে ভূমিকম্পপ্রবণ অঞ্চলের ভবনগুলো এমনভাবে নকশা করা উচিত যাতে সেগুলো কম্পন সহ্য করতে পারে। মানুষেরও ভূমিকম্পের সময় করণীয় সম্পর্কে জানা উচিত—যেমন কোনো মজবুত টেবিলের নিচে আশ্রয় নেওয়া বা দালানকোঠা থেকে দূরে খোলা জায়গায় চলে যাওয়া। এই ধরনের দুর্যোগের সময় প্রয়োজনীয় পানি, খাবার এবং প্রাথমিক চিকিৎসার সামগ্রী প্রস্তুত রাখা বেশ সহায়ক হতে পারে।পরিশেষে বলা যায়, ভূমিকম্প হলো একটি শক্তিশালী প্রাকৃতিক ঘটনা যা আমাদের পৃথিবীর শক্তির কথা স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয়। যদিও আমরা এগুলো থামাতে পারব না, তবে পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি এবং নিরাপদ অবকাঠামো নির্মাণের মাধ্যমে জীবন রক্ষা ও ক্ষয়ক্ষতি বহুগুণ কমিয়ে আনা সম্ভব। ভূমিকম্পের সময় কীভাবে নিরাপদ থাকতে হয় সে বিষয়ে সবারই সচেতন হওয়া উচিত।) Model Answer-3 Threat of a Major Earthquake in Bangladesh Bangladesh faces a huge threat from a major earthquake in the future. The country sits near three active tectonic plates deep inside the earth. These giant plates keep moving and build up a lot of energy over time. Experts warn that a strong earthquake can hit Bangladesh at any moment. Since no big earthquake has happened for many years, a massive amount of energy is stored underground. The biggest danger is in crowded cities like Dhaka. Millions of people live very close together in tall buildings. Many buildings in these cities are old, weak, and built without following proper safety rules. If a powerful earthquake strikes, thousands of these buildings could collapse instantly. This can trap many people under heavy concrete walls and cause many deaths. Narrow streets will make it very hard for rescue workers, fire trucks, and ambulances to reach the victims in time. Broken gas lines and electric wires can also start big fires across the city. Clean water pipes may break, leaving people without safe drinking water. Hospitals might also suffer heavy damage, making it hard to treat injured people quickly. Therefore, a major earthquake can bring total destruction to lives and property in Bangladesh. We cannot stop an earthquake from happening, but we can prepare for it together. The government must make sure that all buildings are strong and safe. Every person should also learn basic safety rules and know how to protect themselves. Being fully prepared today can save thousands of precious lives tomorrow. বাংলাদেশে বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্পের ঝুঁকি ভবিষ্যতে বাংলাদেশে একটি বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্পের মারাত্মক ঝুঁকি রয়েছে। দেশটি ভূ-গর্ভের গভীরে অবস্থিত তিনটি সক্রিয় টেকটোনিক প্লেটের সীমানার কাছাকাছি অবস্থিত। এই বিশাল প্লেটগুলো ক্রমাগত নড়াচড়া করে এবং সময়ের সাথে সাথে প্রচুর শক্তি সঞ্চয় করে। বিশেষজ্ঞরা সতর্ক করেছেন যে যেকোনো মুহূর্তে বাংলাদেশে একটি শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানতে পারে। বহু বছর ধরে কোনো বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্প না হওয়ায় মাটির নিচে বিশাল পরিমাণ শক্তি জমা হয়ে আছে। সবচেয়ে বেশি বিপদ ঢাকার মতো জনবহুল শহরগুলোতে। এসব শহরের উঁচু উঁচু দালানকোঠায় লাখ লাখ মানুষ খুব কাছাকাছি বসবাস করে। অনেক ভবনই পুরনো, দুর্বল এবং সঠিক নিরাপত্তা নিয়ম না মেনে তৈরি করা হয়েছে। যদি কোনো শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানে, তবে মুহূর্তের মধ্যেই হাজার হাজার ভবন ধসে পড়তে পারে। এতে বহু মানুষ ভারী কংক্রিটের দেয়ালের নিচে আটকা পড়তে পারে এবং ব্যাপক প্রাণহানি ঘটতে পারে। শহরের সরু গলিপথের কারণে উদ্ধারকারী দল, ফায়ার সার্ভিস এবং অ্যাম্বুলেন্সের পক্ষে সময়মতো দুর্ঘটনাস্থলে পৌঁছানো অত্যন্ত কঠিন হয়ে পড়বে। গ্যাস লাইন এবং বিদ্যুতের তার ছিঁড়ে পুরো শহরজুড়ে বড় ধরনের অগ্নিকাণ্ড ঘটতে পারে। খাবার পানির পাইপ ভেঙে গিয়ে মানুষ নিরাপদ পানীয় জল থেকে বঞ্চিত হতে পারে। হাসপাতালগুলোও মারাত্মকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হতে পারে, যার ফলে আহতদের দ্রুত চিকিৎসা দেওয়া কঠিন হয়ে পড়বে।সুতরাং, একটি বড় ভূমিকম্প বাংলাদেশে জীবন ও সম্পদের চরম ধ্বংস ডেকে আনতে পারে। আমরা ভূমিকম্প হওয়া থামাতে পারব না, তবে আমরা সবাই মিলে এর প্রস্তুতি নিতে পারি। সরকারকে নিশ্চিত করতে হবে যেন সব ভবন মজবুত ও নিরাপদ হয়। পাশাপাশি প্রতিটি মানুষের উচিত মৌলিক নিরাপত্তা নিয়মগুলো জানা এবং নিজেদের রক্ষা করার উপায় শেখা। আজকের পূর্ণ প্রস্তুতিই আগামীকাল হাজার হাজার মূল্যবান জীবন বাঁচাতে পারে। An Earthquake An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the Earth’s surface caused by the rapid release of energy stored in the Earth's crust. It is primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates along geological fault lines, though human activities like mining, heavy dam construction, and underground drilling can also trigger minor tremors. Geographically, Bangladesh lies in a seismically active region near the junction of three major tectonic plates—the Indian, Eurasian, and Burmese plates—making it highly vulnerable to major seismic events. The effects of a powerful earthquake can be catastrophic. It can lead to the widespread collapse of buildings, roads, and bridges, causing massive loss of human life and severe property damage. Secondary hazards like fires from broken gas lines, landslides, tsunamis, and soil liquefaction further escalate the destruction. In densely populated urban centers like Dhaka, unplanned urbanization and weak infrastructure multiply the threat exponentially. Although science cannot predict or prevent earthquakes, effective solutions can significantly minimize the risks. Strict enforcement of the Bangladesh National Building Code is essential to ensure that all new structures are built using earthquake-resistant techniques. Existing vulnerable buildings should be retrofitted for safety. Furthermore, governments and educational institutions must raise public awareness, conduct regular safety drills, and maintain emergency response systems equipped with medical and rescue supplies. By combining resilient infrastructure with community preparedness, we can reduce the devastating impacts of earthquakes and safeguard precious lives. An Earthquake An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. It happens when energy released from deep inside the earth creates strong waves. The main cause of earthquakes is the movement of tectonic plates under the earth's surface. When these huge plates shift or slide against each other, they release a lot of energy. Sometimes, human activities like deep mining, drilling, and building huge dams can also cause small earthquakes. Bangladesh lies in a risky zone because three active tectonic plates meet near this region. Therefore, a big earthquake can hit our country at any time.The effects of a strong earthquake are very dangerous and harmful. It can destroy houses, schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges in just a few seconds. Thousands of people can get injured or lose their lives under collapsed buildings. In crowded cities like Dhaka, tall buildings are built very close together. If these buildings fall, rescue workers cannot enter the narrow streets easily. Earthquakes can also break gas pipes and electric cables, which causes big fires. Moreover, clean water pipes break, creating a big shortage of drinking water.We cannot stop earthquakes, but we can take smart steps to reduce the danger. First, the government must ensure that all new buildings are built following strict safety codes. Old and weak buildings should be repaired and made stronger. Second, people must learn basic safety rules. During an earthquake, everyone should drop, cover, and hold under a strong table or move to an open area. Finally, schools and colleges should hold safety drills regularly. By being prepared, we can protect lives and lessen the damage. ভূমিকম্প ভূমিকম্প হলো ভূ-পৃষ্ঠের হঠাৎ কেঁপে ওঠা। পৃথিবীর গভীরে জমা হয়ে থাকা শক্তি নির্গত হয়ে শক্তিশালী তরঙ্গের সৃষ্টি করলে এই কম্পন হয়। ভূমিকম্পের প্রধান কারণ হলো ভূ-গর্ভের টেকটোনিক প্লেটগুলোর নাড়াচাড়া। যখন এই বিশাল প্লেটগুলো একে অপরের সাথে ধাক্কা খায় বা সরে যায়, তখন তারা প্রচুর শক্তি নির্গত করে। মাঝেমধ্যে মানুষের তৈরি বিভিন্ন কারণ যেমন—গভীর খনি খনন, ড্রিলিং এবং বড় বাঁধ নির্মাণের ফলেও মৃদু ভূমিকম্প হতে পারে। বাংলাদেশ একটি ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ এলাকায় অবস্থিত কারণ তিনটি সক্রিয় প্লেট এই অঞ্চলের কাছাকাছি মিলিত হয়েছে। তাই যেকোনো সময় আমাদের দেশে বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানতে পারে।একটি শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্পের প্রভাব অত্যন্ত বিপজ্জনক এবং ক্ষতিকর। মাত্র কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে এটি ঘরবাড়ি, স্কুল, হাসপাতাল, রাস্তাঘাট এবং সেতু ধ্বংস করে দিতে পারে। ধসে পড়া ভবনের নিচে চাপা পড়ে হাজার হাজার মানুষ আহত হতে পারে বা প্রাণ হারাতে পারে। ঢাকার মতো জনবহুল শহরে উঁচু উঁচু দালানগুলো খুব কাছাকাছি তৈরি করা হয়েছে। এসব ভবন ধসে পড়লে উদ্ধারকর্মীরা সহজে সরু গলিতে ঢুকতে পারবেন না। ভূমিকম্পের ফলে গ্যাস পাইপ এবং বিদ্যুতের তার ছিঁড়ে বড় ধরনের অগ্নিকাণ্ড ঘটতে পারে। তাছাড়া, বিশুদ্ধ পানির পাইপ ভেঙে যাওয়ার কারণে তীব্র খাবার পানির সংকট তৈরি হয়।আমরা ভূমিকম্প থামাতে পারব না, তবে বিপদ কমাতে আমরা কিছু বুদ্ধিমত্তার পদক্ষেপ নিতে পারি। প্রথমত, সরকারকে নিশ্চিত করতে হবে যেন সব নতুন ভবন কঠোর নিরাপত্তা নিয়ম মেনে তৈরি করা হয়। পুরনো ও দুর্বল ভবনগুলো মেরামত করে মজবুত করতে হবে। দ্বিতীয়ত, মানুষকে মৌলিক নিরাপত্তা নিয়মগুলো শিখতে হবে। ভূমিকম্পের সময় সবাইকে কোনো মজবুত টেবিলের নিচে আশ্রয় নিতে হবে অথবা খোলা জায়গায় চলে যেতে হবে। অবশেষে, স্কুল ও কলেজে নিয়মিত নিরাপত্তা মহড়ার আয়োজন করা উচিত। পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে আমরা জীবন রক্ষা করতে পারি এবং ক্ষয়ক্ষতি কমাতে পারি। Composition / Essay Writing An Earthquake An earthquake is a sudden and scary natural disaster. It happens when the ground under our feet starts shaking without any warning. The main cause of an earthquake is the movement of tectonic plates deep inside the earth's crust. These giant land plates are always moving slowly. When they slide or push against each other, a huge amount of energy is created. When this energy breaks free, it travels to the surface as strong waves and makes the earth shake. Sometimes, human activities like blasting rocks, deep mining, and building large dams can also cause small earthquakes. Bangladesh is at high risk of facing a major earthquake. This is because three active tectonic plates meet near our country. In big cities like Dhaka, the danger is even higher. Dhaka is very crowded, and many tall buildings are built close to each other. Many of these buildings are weak and do not follow safety rules. A strong earthquake can cause these buildings to collapse completely. It can destroy roads, bridges, and hospitals in just a few seconds. Thousands of people can get trapped and hurt. Broken gas lines can start big fires, and broken water pipes can cause a shortage of clean drinking water. Although we cannot stop an earthquake, we can take simple steps to stay safe. First, the government must enforce strict building rules. Engineers must design every new building so that it can stand strong during a quake. Old buildings should be tested and made stronger. Second, people must learn basic safety rules. During an earthquake, everyone should follow the rule: Drop, Cover, and Hold On. You should take shelter under a sturdy table or desk. If you are outdoors, you should move to an open place away from tall buildings, trees, and electric poles. In conclusion, earthquakes are powerful natural events that can cause total destruction in a very short time. We cannot predict when an earthquake will hit us. However, proper awareness and strong preparation can save thousands of lives and reduce property damage. Schools and colleges should hold safety drills regularly. By working together and staying prepared today, we can build a safer nation for tomorrow. রচনা: ভূমিকম্প ভূমিকম্প একটি আকস্মিক ও ভীতিকর প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ। এটি ঘটে যখন আমাদের পায়ের নিচের মাটি কোনো আগাম সতর্কবার্তা ছাড়াই হঠাৎ কেঁপে ওঠে। ভূমিকম্পের প্রধান কারণ হলো ভূ-গর্ভের গভীরে অবস্থিত টেকটোনিক প্লেটগুলোর নাড়াচাড়া। এই বিশাল ভূ-খণ্ডগুলো সবসময় ধীরে ধীরে সরে যাচ্ছে। যখন এগুলো একটি অন্যটির সাথে ধাক্কা খায় বা ঘষা খায়, তখন প্রচুর শক্তি তৈরি হয়। এই শক্তি যখন বের হয়ে আসে, তখন তা শক্তিশালী তরঙ্গের মতো ভূ-পৃষ্ঠে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে এবং মাটিকে কাঁপিয়ে তোলে। কখনো কখনো খনি খনন, পাথর বিস্ফোরণ এবং বড় বড় বাঁধ নির্মাণের মতো মানবসৃষ্ট কর্মকাণ্ডের ফলেও ছোটখাটো ভূমিকম্প হতে পারে। বাংলাদেশ একটি বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্পের মারাত্মক ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে। কারণ তিনটি সক্রিয় টেকটোনিক প্লেট আমাদের দেশের কাছাকাছি মিলিত হয়েছে। ঢাকার মতো বড় বড় শহরগুলোতে এই বিপদ আরও বেশি। ঢাকা অত্যন্ত জনবহুল একটি শহর এবং এখানে বহু উঁচু উঁচু ভবন খুব কাছাকাছি তৈরি করা হয়েছে। এসব ভবনের অনেকগুলোই দুর্বল এবং নিরাপত্তা নিয়ম না মেনে তৈরি। একটি শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্প মুহূর্তের মধ্যে এসব ভবন ধসিয়ে দিতে পারে। এটি মাত্র কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে রাস্তাঘাট, সেতু ও হাসপাতাল ধ্বংস করে দিতে পারে। এতে হাজার হাজার মানুষ আটকা পড়তে পারে এবং আহত হতে পারে। ছেঁড়া গ্যাসের লাইন থেকে বড় ধরনের আগুন লাগতে পারে এবং পানির পাইপ ভেঙে পানীয় জলের তীব্র সংকট তৈরি হতে পারে। যদিও আমরা ভূমিকম্প থামাতে পারব না, তবে নিরাপদ থাকার জন্য কিছু সহজ পদক্ষেপ নিতে পারি। প্রথমত, সরকারকে অবশ্যই কঠোর ভবন নির্মাণ বিধিমালা মেনে চলতে বাধ্য করতে হবে। প্রকৌশলীদের প্রতিটি নতুন ভবন এমনভাবে নকশা করতে হবে যেন তা ভূমিকম্পে টিকে থাকতে পারে। পুরনো ভবনগুলো পরীক্ষা করে আরও মজবুত করতে হবে। দ্বিতীয়ত, মানুষকে মৌলিক নিরাপত্তা নিয়মগুলো শিখতে হবে। ভূমিকম্পের সময় সবাইকে একটি নিয়ম মেনে চলতে হবে: নিচু হয়ে বসে পড়া, কভার নেওয়া এবং শক্ত করে ধরে রাখা। ঘরের মধ্যে থাকলে কোনো মজবুত টেবিল বা ডেস্কের নিচে আশ্রয় নেওয়া উচিত। আর বাইরে থাকলে উঁচু ভবন, গাছপালা এবং বিদ্যুতের খুঁটি থেকে দূরে কোনো খোলা জায়গায় চলে যাওয়া উচিত। উপসংহারে বলা যায়, ভূমিকম্প হলো একটি শক্তিশালী প্রাকৃতিক ঘটনা যা খুব অল্প সময়ে চরম ধ্বংসলীলা চালাতে পারে। ভূমিকম্প কখন আঘাত হানবে তা আমরা আগে থেকে বলতে পারি না। তবে সঠিক সচেতনতা এবং সঠিক প্রস্তুতি হাজার হাজার জীবন বাঁচাতে পারে এবং সম্পদের ক্ষয়ক্ষতি কমাতে পারে। বিদ্যালয় ও কলেজগুলোতে নিয়মিত নিরাপত্তা মহড়ার আয়োজন করা উচিত। সবাই একসাথে কাজ করে এবং প্রস্তুত থেকে আমরা ভবিষ্যতের জন্য একটি নিরাপদ জাতি গড়ে তুলতে পারি। An Earthquake An earthquake is a natural disaster that occurs when the earth's crust suddenly shifts, causing the ground to shake. While earthquakes are not very common in Bangladesh, they can still happen, posing a significant threat to lives and property. When an earthquake strikes, it can unleash tremendous force, leading to widespread destruction of buildings, roads, and infrastructure. In densely populated areas, such as cities and towns, the impact of an earthquake can be particularly devastating, resulting in loss of life and displacement of communities. Despite the relatively low frequency of earthquakes in Bangladesh, the country is situated in a seismically active region, prone to the effects of seismic activity originating from neighboring tectonic plates. The potential for earthquakes underscores the importance of being prepared and knowing how to respond when one occurs. Earthquake preparedness involves educating the public about safety measures, establishing building codes that ensure structural resilience, and implementing early warning systems to provide timely alerts. During an earthquake, it is crucial for individuals to seek shelter indoors, away from windows and heavy objects that may fall. Getting under a sturdy table or desk can provide protection from falling debris. If outdoors, it is advisable to move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines. Additionally, people should be aware of the potential for aftershocks, which can occur in the aftermath of a major earthquake and cause further damage. Following an earthquake, communities must assess the extent of damage and prioritize rescue and relief efforts. This includes providing medical assistance to the injured, ensuring access to clean water and shelter for those displaced, and restoring essential services such as electricity and transportation. Furthermore, efforts should be made to strengthen infrastructure and promote disaster resilience through improved building construction techniques and urban planning practices. While earthquakes can be unpredictable and frightening, proactive measures can help mitigate their impact and save lives. By raising awareness, enhancing preparedness, and investing in disaster resilience, Bangladesh can better withstand the challenges posed by seismic activity and build a safer, more resilient future for its citizens. ভূমিকম্প ভূমিকম্প হলো একটি প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ, যা ভূ-ত্বকের আকস্মিক স্থানচ্যুতির ফলে ঘটে এবং এর প্রভাবে ভূ-পৃষ্ঠ কেঁপে ওঠে। বাংলাদেশে ভূমিকম্প খুব বেশি ঘন ঘন না হলেও এগুলো ঘটার সম্ভাবনা রয়েছে, যা জীবন ও সম্পদের জন্য মারাত্মক হুমকি হয়ে দাঁড়াতে পারে। যখন কোনো ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানে, তখন তা প্রখণ্ড শক্তি নির্গত করে—যার ফলে দালানকোঠা, রাস্তাঘাট এবং বিভিন্ন অবকাঠামোর ব্যাপক ক্ষয়ক্ষতি হয়। শহর ও নগরের মতো ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ এলাকাগুলোতে ভূমিকম্পের প্রভাব অত্যন্ত ভয়াবহ হতে পারে, যা প্রাণহানি এবং অনেক মানুষকে গৃহহীন করার কারণ হয়ে দাঁড়ায়। বাংলাদেশে ভূমিকম্পের প্রবণতা তুলনামূলকভাবে কম হলেও দেশটি একটি ভূ-কম্পন সক্রিয় অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত। ফলে পার্শ্ববর্তী টেকটোনিক প্লেটগুলোর গতিবিধির কারণে এখানে ভূমিকম্পের ঝুঁকিসমূহ থেকে যায়। ভূমিকম্পের এই সম্ভাব্য ঝুঁকি মোকাবিলায় পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি গ্রহণ করা এবং ঘটনা ঘটলে কীভাবে প্রতিক্রিয়া জানাতে হবে তা জেনে রাখা অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। ভূমিকম্পের প্রস্তুতির মধ্যে রয়েছে সাধারণ জনগণকে নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা সম্পর্কে শিক্ষিত করা, অবকাঠামোগত মজবুতি নিশ্চিত করতে উপযুক্ত ইমারত নির্মাণ বিধিমালা প্রণয়ন করা এবং সময়মতো সতর্কবার্তা পৌঁছে দেওয়ার জন্য পূর্বাভাস ব্যবস্থা চালু করা। ভূমিকম্প চলাকালীন ব্যক্তিদের ঘরের ভেতরে জানালা এবং পড়ে যেতে পারে এমন ভারী জিনিসপত্র থেকে দূরে আশ্রয় নেওয়া অত্যন্ত জরুরি। কোনো মজবুত টেবিল বা ডেস্কের নিচে অবস্থান নিলে ওপর থেকে পড়া ধ্বংসাবশেষ থেকে রক্ষা পাওয়া সম্ভব। আর যদি কেউ বাইরে থাকেন, তবে ভবন, গাছপালা ও বৈদ্যুতিক তার থেকে দূরে কোনো উন্মুক্ত স্থানে সরে যাওয়াই শ্রেয়। এছাড়া প্রধান ভূমিকম্পের পরপরই অনুকম্পন (আফটারশক) হতে পারে সে বিষয়েও সবাইকে সতর্ক থাকতে হবে, কারণ এগুলো পরবর্তীতে আরও ক্ষতির কারণ হতে পারে। ভূমিকম্পের পর প্রতিটি সমাজ ও সম্প্রদায়কে ক্ষয়ক্ষতির মাত্রা নিরূপণ করে উদ্ধার ও ত্রাণকাজকে সর্বোচ্চ অগ্রাধিকার দিতে হবে। এর মধ্যে রয়েছে আহতদের চিকিৎসা প্রদান, বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষের জন্য বিশুদ্ধ পানি ও আশ্রয়ের ব্যবস্থা করা এবং বিদ্যুৎ ও পরিবহন ব্যবস্থার মতো জরুরি সেবাগুলো পুনরুজ্জীবিত করা। তদুপরি, উন্নত নির্মাণ প্রযুক্তি এবং সুপরিকল্পিত নগর পরিকল্পনার মাধ্যমে অবকাঠামো শক্তিশালী করা ও দুর্যোগ মোকাবিলা সক্ষমতা বৃদ্ধির ওপর জোর দেওয়া উচিত। যদিও ভূমিকম্প অপ্রত্যাশিত এবং ভীতিকর হতে পারে, তবে পূর্বপ্রস্তুতিমূলক পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করলে এর ক্ষয়ক্ষতি হ্রাস করা এবং জীবন রক্ষা করা সম্ভব। গণসচেতনতা বৃদ্ধি, প্রস্তুতি জোরদার করা এবং দুর্যোগ সহনশীলতায় বিনিয়োগ করার মাধ্যমে বাংলাদেশ ভূ-কম্পনজনিত চ্যালেঞ্জগুলো আরও ভালোভাবে মোকাবিলা করতে পারে এবং নাগরিকদের জন্য একটি নিরাপদ ও সুদৃঢ় ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ে তুলতে পারে। Essay: An Earthquake Introduction An earthquake is one of the most frightening natural disasters in the world. It is the sudden and violent shaking of the Earth's surface. Unlike rain, floods, or cyclones, an earthquake strikes without any prior warning. Within just a few seconds, it can transform busy, beautiful cities into piles of rubble. Understanding how earthquakes happen and knowing how to respond is essential for saving lives. Causes of an Earthquake The Earth’s outer shell is divided into several massive pieces called tectonic plates. These giant plates constantly float on hot, melted rock deep beneath the surface. As they move, they sometimes push against each other or slide past one another. Over time, friction holds the edges together, building up enormous pressure. When the pressure becomes too great, the rocks break or slip suddenly, releasing energy in the form of seismic waves. This energy travels to the surface and makes the ground shake. Human activities, such as deep underground mining, blasting rocks, and filling huge water reservoirs behind dams, can also trigger minor earthquakes. Effects of an Earthquake The consequences of a powerful earthquake can be catastrophic. Strong tremors can cause houses, schools, hospitals, bridges, and roads to collapse completely. People can get trapped under heavy concrete walls, resulting in thousands of injuries and deaths. Beyond physical destruction, earthquakes trigger secondary hazards. Broken gas pipes can cause widespread fires, while damaged electrical lines increase the danger. Water mains can burst, leaving entire populations without clean drinking water. Furthermore, earthquakes near oceans can generate giant, deadly waves known as tsunamis. Earthquake Threat in Bangladesh Bangladesh is located in a high-risk zone for earthquakes. The country lies near the junction of three active tectonic plates: the Indian, Eurasian, and Burmese plates. Scientists warn that a major earthquake could hit Bangladesh at any time. The situation is especially alarming in large cities like Dhaka. Dhaka is densely populated, with millions of people living in closely packed tall buildings. Unfortunately, many of these structures were built without proper engineering standards. If a strong earthquake hits, narrow streets will prevent rescue vehicles like ambulances and fire trucks from reaching trapped victims in time. Solutions and Safety Measures Although human beings cannot stop or predict earthquakes, we can take effective steps to reduce the risk. First, governments must enforce strict building codes so that all new structures are earthquake-resistant. Old, unsafe buildings should be tested and retrofitted with stronger materials. Second, public education is vital. Every citizen should learn the golden safety rule: "Drop, Cover, and Hold On." During shaking, people should take cover under a sturdy table and protect their head and neck. Third, schools, offices, and communities should conduct regular emergency evacuation drills. Having an emergency kit with food, water, and first aid supplies at home can also save lives. Conclusion In conclusion, earthquakes are powerful natural forces that remind us of humanity's vulnerability. We cannot control the Earth's tectonic plates, but we can control our preparation. By investing in safe building design, raising public awareness, and practicing emergency responses, we can minimize loss and damage. Preparation and readiness today are the keys to surviving an earthquake tomorrow. রচনা: ভূমিকম্প ভূমিকা ভূমিকম্প পৃথিবীর সবচেয়ে ভীতিকর প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগগুলোর মধ্যে একটি। এটি ভূ-পৃষ্ঠের হঠাৎ এবং তীব্র কেঁপে ওঠা। বৃষ্টি, বন্যা বা ঘূর্ণিঝড়ের মতো নয়—ভূমিকম্প কোনো পূর্ব সতর্কবার্তা ছাড়াই আঘাত হানে। মাত্র কয়েক সেকেন্ডের মধ্যে এটি ব্যস্ত ও সুন্দর শহরগুলোকে ধ্বংসস্তূপে পরিণত করতে পারে। কীভাবে ভূমিকম্প ঘটে তা বোঝা এবং কীভাবে প্রতিক্রিয়া জানাতে হয় তা জানা জীবন রক্ষার জন্য অত্যন্ত অপরিহার্য। ভূমিকম্পের কারণ পৃথিবীর উপরিভাগের আবরণটি টেকটোনিক প্লেট নামক কয়েকটি বিশাল খণ্ডে বিভক্ত। এই বিশালাকার প্লেটগুলো ভূ-গর্ভের গভীরে থাকা উত্তপ্ত গলিত পাথরের ওপর অনবরত ভাসছে। এরা যখন চলাচল করে, তখন মাঝেমধ্যে একে অপরকে ধাক্কা দেয় বা একটির পাশ দিয়ে অন্যটি ঘেঁষে চলে। সময়ের সাথে সাথে ঘর্ষণের ফলে এগুলোর প্রান্তে প্রচুর চাপ জমা হয়। যখন চাপ অত্যন্ত বেশি হয়ে যায়, তখন পাথরগুলো হঠাৎ ভেঙে বা পিছলে যায় এবং ভূ-কম্পন তরঙ্গের আকারে শক্তি নির্গত করে। এই শক্তি ভূ-পৃষ্ঠে পৌঁছে মাটিকে কাঁপিয়ে তোলে। এছাড়া গভীর খনি খনন, পাথর বিস্ফোরণ এবং বড় বাঁধের পেছনে বিশাল জলাধার তৈরির মতো মানবসৃষ্ট কর্মকাণ্ডের ফলেও মৃদু ভূমিকম্প হতে পারে। ভূমিকম্পের প্রভাব একটি শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্পের পরিণতি অত্যন্ত ভয়াবহ হতে পারে। তীব্র কম্পনের ফলে ঘরবাড়ি, স্কুল, হাসপাতাল, সেতু এবং রাস্তাঘাট পুরোপুরি ধসে পড়তে পারে। বহু মানুষ ভারী কংক্রিটের দেয়ালের নিচে আটকা পড়তে পারে, যার ফলে হাজার হাজার মানুষ আহত হয় ও প্রাণ হারায়। ভৌত ধ্বংসের পাশাপাশি ভূমিকম্প দ্বিতীয় পর্যায়ের অন্যান্য বিপদ ডেকে আনে। ছেঁড়া গ্যাসের লাইন থেকে দাবানলের মতো আগুন লেগে যেতে পারে এবং ছিঁড়ে যাওয়া বিদ্যুতের তার বিপদ আরও বাড়িয়ে দেয়। পানির প্রধান পাইপগুলো ফেটে গিয়ে সমগ্র জনগোষ্ঠী নিরাপদ পানীয় জল থেকে বঞ্চিত হতে পারে। তাছাড়া সমুদ্রের কাছাকাছি ভূমিকম্প ঘটলে সুনামি নামে বিশাল ও ভয়ানক ঢেউয়ের সৃষ্টি হতে পারে। বাংলাদেশে ভূমিকম্পের ঝুঁকি বাংলাদেশ ভূমিকম্পের জন্য একটি উচ্চ ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ অঞ্চলে অবস্থিত। দেশটি ভারতীয়, ইউরেশীয় এবং বর্মি—এই তিনটি সক্রিয় টেকটোনিক প্লেটের সংযোগস্থলের কাছাকাছি অবস্থিত। বিজ্ঞানীরা সতর্ক করেছেন যে যেকোনো সময় বাংলাদেশে একটি বড় ধরনের ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানতে পারে। ঢাকার মতো বড় শহরগুলোতে পরিস্থিতি বিশেষভাব বিপজ্জনক। ঢাকা অত্যন্ত জনবহুল এবং এখানকার লাখ লাখ মানুষ খুব কাছাকাছি নির্মিত উঁচু উঁচু দালানে বসবাস করে। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, এসব ভবনের অনেকগুলোই সঠিক প্রকৌশলগত নিয়ম না মেনে তৈরি করা হয়েছে। একটি শক্তিশালী ভূমিকম্প আঘাত হানলে সরু গলিপথগুলোর কারণে অ্যাম্বুলেন্স এবং ফায়ার সার্ভিসের মতো উদ্ধারকারী যানবাহন আটকে পড়া মানুষের কাছে পৌঁছাতে পারবে না। সমাধান এবং নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা যদিও মানুষ ভূমিকম্প থামাতে বা আগে থেকে অনুমান করতে পারে না, তবে আমরা ঝুঁকি কমানোর জন্য কিছু কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে পারি। প্রথমত, সরকারকে অবশ্যই কঠোর ভবন নির্মাণ বিধিমালা প্রয়োগ করতে হবে যেন সব নতুন ভবন ভূমিকম্প সহনশীল হয়। পুরনো ও অনিরাপদ ভবনগুলো পরীক্ষা করে নতুন উপকরণ দিয়ে মজবুত করা উচিত। দ্বিতীয়ত, জনসচেতনতা বৃদ্ধি অত্যন্ত জরুরি। প্রতিটি নাগরিকের উচিত নিরাপত্তার মূল নিয়মটি শেখা: "নিচু হওয়া, কভার নেওয়া এবং শক্ত করে ধরে রাখা" (Drop, Cover, and Hold On)। কম্পনের সময় মানুষের উচিত কোনো মজবুত টেবিলের নিচে আশ্রয় নেওয়া এবং মাথা ও ঘাড় রক্ষা করা। третьত, স্কুল, অফিস এবং এলাকাগুলোতে নিয়মিত জরুরি নির্গমন মহড়ার আয়োজন করা উচিত। বাসায় খাবার, পানি এবং প্রাথমিক চিকিৎসার সরঞ্জামসহ একটি জরুরি কিট রাখাও জীবন বাঁচাতে পারে। উপসংহার উপসংহারে বলা যায়, ভূমিকম্প হলো একটি শক্তিশালী প্রাকৃতিক শক্তি যা আমাদের প্রকৃতির সামনে মানুষের ভঙ্গুরতার কথা মনে করিয়ে দেয়। আমরা পৃথিবীর টেকটোনিক প্লেটগুলোকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারব না, তবে আমরা আমাদের প্রস্তুতি নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে পারি। নিরাপদ ভবন নকশায় বিনিয়োগ করে, জনসচেতনতা বাড়িয়ে এবং জরুরি পরিস্থিতি মোকাবিলার চর্চা করে আমরা ক্ষয়ক্ষতি ও প্রাণহানি সর্বনিম্ন পর্যায়ে নামিয়ে আনতে পারি। আজকের সজাগতা ও পূর্ণ প্রস্তুতিই আগামীকাল ভূমিকম্পের হাত থেকে বেঁচে থাকার প্রধান চাবিকাঠি। Vocabulary List (In Alphabetical Order) Word English Meaning Bangla Meaning Context / Usage Aftershock Smaller shaking after a big quake অনুকম্পন (আফটারশক) Secondary Hazard Awareness Knowledge and understanding of a situation সচেতনতা Education Building Code Official rules for safe construction ইমারত নির্মাণ বিধিমালা Law & Engineering Casualty Person injured or killed in a disaster হতাহত / প্রাণহানি Loss Collapse To fall down suddenly ধসে পড়া Damage Crust The hard outer layer of the earth ভূ-ত্বক Geology Debris / Rubble Broken pieces of buildings and concrete ধ্বংসস্তূপ Post-Disaster Densely Populated Having many people living in a small area অত্যন্ত জনবহুল Society Destruction Severe damage or ruin ধ্বংসলীলা Effect Drill Regular practice for emergency situations নিরাপত্তা মহড়া Preparedness Earthquake Sudden shaking of the earth's surface ভূমিকম্প Natural Event Enforce To make people follow a law or rule প্রয়োগ করা / মানতে বাধ্য করা Government Evacuation Moving people away from a dangerous place নিরাপদ স্থানে সরিয়ে নেওয়া Safety Action Fault Line A crack in the earth's crust ভূ-চ্যুতি রেখা Geography First Aid Kit A box of basic medical supplies প্রাথমিক চিকিৎসার বাক্স Preparedness Friction Rubbing of two surfaces against each other ঘর্ষণ Physics Infrastructure Basic physical structures like roads & bridges অবকাঠামো Development Injured Physically hurt or wounded আহত Health Landslide Mass movement of rock and dirt down a slope ভূমিধস Hill Hazard Liquefaction Soil behaving like liquid during heavy shaking মাটি তরলীকরণ Ground Effect Natural Disaster A harmful event caused by nature প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ Environment Pressure Force built up in a limited space চাপ Science Prevent To stop something from happening প্রতিরোধ করা Action Reduce To make something smaller or less হ্রাস করা / কমানো Action Release To let go or set free নির্গত হওয়া Energy Movement Resilient Strong and able to recover quickly সহনশীল / মজবুত Solution Retrofit Making old structures stronger with new parts সংস্কার করে মজবুত করা Solution Seismic Wave Wave of energy travelling through the earth ভূ-কম্পন তরঙ্গ Energy Shelter A safe place to protect oneself আশ্রয় Safety Sturdy Strong and solid মজবুত Structural State Tectonic Plates Giant moving slabs of rock under the earth টেকটোনিক প্লেট Underground Threat Possible danger or risk ঝুঁকি / হুমকি Condition Trapped Unable to move out of a place আটকা পড়া Condition Tremor A minor or weak shaking of the earth মৃদু কম্পন Minor Event Tsunami Giant sea waves caused by undersea quakes সুনামি Ocean Hazard Vulnerable At high risk of being hurt or damaged ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ Condition Short Points for Easy Memorization 1. Introduction (ভূমিকা) An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth. (ভূমিকম্প হলো ভূ-পৃষ্ঠের আকস্মিক কম্পন।) It is a very scary natural disaster. (এটি একটি অত্যন্ত ভীতিকর প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ।) It occurs without any prior warning. (এটি কোনো আগাম সতর্কতা ছাড়াই ঘটে।) It can destroy cities in just a few seconds. (এটি মাত্র কয়েক সেকেন্ডে শহর ধ্বংস করে দিতে পারে।) It causes great loss of lives and property. (এটি জীবন ও সম্পদের ব্যাপক ক্ষতি করে।) Knowing safety rules helps us stay safe. (নিরাপত্তা নিয়ম জানা আমাদের নিরাপদ রাখতে সাহায্য করে।) 2. Causes of Earthquakes (কারণসমূহ) The earth's outer shell is made of tectonic plates. (পৃথিবীর উপরিভাগ টেকটোনিক প্লেট দিয়ে তৈরি।) These giant plates continuously move deep underground. (এই বিশাল প্লেটগুলো মাটির নিচে অনবরত নড়াচড়া করে।) When plates slide or hit each other, friction creates pressure. (প্লেটগুলো ধাক্কা খেলে ঘর্ষণের ফলে চাপ তৈরি হয়।) When the pressure breaks, energy is released. (চাপ যখন ভেঙে যায়, তখন শক্তি নির্গত হয়।) This energy travels as seismic waves and shakes the ground. (এই শক্তি ভূ-কম্পন তরঙ্গ হিসেবে মাটিকে কাঁপিয়ে তোলে।) Deep underground mining can trigger small earthquakes. (গভীর খনি খননের ফলে ছোট ভূমিকম্প হতে পারে।) Blasting rocks for roads can cause minor tremors. (রাস্তার জন্য পাথর বিস্ফোরণ ঘটালেও মৃদু কম্পন হতে পারে।) Building huge dams creates extra pressure on rocks. (বড় বাঁধ তৈরি করলেও পাথরের ওপর অতিরিক্ত চাপ পড়ে।) 3. Effects / Consequences (প্রভাব ও ক্ষয়ক্ষতি) Tall buildings and houses collapse quickly. (উঁচু ভবন ও ঘরবাড়ি দ্রুত ধসে পড়ে।) Roads, bridges, and railway lines break down. (রাস্তাঘাট, সেতু ও রেলপথ ভেঙে যায়।) Thousands of people get trapped under heavy concrete. (হাজার হাজার মানুষ ভারী কংক্রিটের নিচে আটকা পড়ে।) Many people get injured or lose their lives. (অনেক মানুষ আহত হয় বা প্রাণ হারায়।) Broken gas pipes lead to massive city fires. (ভাঙা গ্যাসের পাইপ থেকে শহরে বড় আগুন লাগে।) Electric wires break and cut off power supply. (বিদ্যুতের তার ছিঁড়ে বিদ্যুৎ সংযোগ বন্ধ হয়ে যায়।) Water pipes burst, causing a clean water crisis. (পানির পাইপ ফেটে বিশুদ্ধ পানির সংকট তৈরি হয়।) Earthquakes under the sea cause deadly tsunamis. (সমুদ্রের নিচে ভূমিকম্প হলে প্রাণঘাতী সুনামি হয়।) Earthquakes in hilly areas cause dangerous landslides. (পাহাড়ি এলাকায় ভূমিকম্পের কারণে বিপজ্জনক ভূমিধস হয়।) 4. Threat in Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশে ঝুঁকি) Bangladesh lies near three active tectonic plates. (বাংলাদেশ তিনটি সক্রিয় টেকটোনিক প্লেটের কাছে অবস্থিত।) These are the Indian, Eurasian, and Burmese plates. (এগুলো হলো ভারতীয়, ইউরেশীয় এবং বর্মি প্লেট।) A large amount of energy is stored underground here. (এখানে মাটির নিচে প্রচুর শক্তি জমা হয়ে আছে।) Experts warn that a big earthquake can hit anytime. (বিশেষজ্ঞরা সতর্ক করেছেন যেকোনো সময় বড় ভূমিকম্প হতে পারে।) Dhaka is one of the most crowded cities in the world. (ঢাকা বিশ্বের অন্যতম জনবহুল শহর।) Many buildings in Dhaka are old, weak, and unsafe. (ঢাকার অনেক ভবন পুরনো, দুর্বল ও অনিরাপদ।) People often build houses without following safety rules. (মানুষ প্রায়ই নিরাপত্তা নিয়ম না মেনে বাড়ি তৈরি করে।) Narrow streets will block ambulances and fire trucks. (সরু গলি অ্যাম্বুলেন্স ও ফায়ার সার্ভিসকে আটকে দেবে।) 5. Solutions and Safety Measures (সমাধান ও নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা) The government must enforce strict building construction codes. (সরকারকে কঠোর নির্মাণ বিধিমালা প্রয়োগ করতে হবে।) All new buildings must be made earthquake-resistant. (সব নতুন ভবন ভূমিকম্প-সহনশীল করতে হবে।) Old and weak buildings must be tested and retrofitted. (পুরনো ও দুর্বল ভবন পরীক্ষা করে মজবুত করতে হবে।) Everyone should learn the rule: Drop, Cover, and Hold On. (সবাইকে শিখতে হবে: নিচু হওয়া, কভার নেওয়া এবং শক্ত করে ধরে রাখা।) Take shelter under a sturdy table during shaking. (কম্পনের সময় মজবুত টেবিলের নিচে আশ্রয় নিন।) Move to an open field away from buildings if outside. (বাইরে থাকলে ভবন থেকে দূরে খোলা মাঠে চলে যান।) Keep an emergency box with food, water, and first aid. (খাবার, পানি ও প্রাথমিক চিকিৎসার জরুরি বাক্স রাখুন।) Schools, colleges, and offices must hold regular safety drills. (স্কুল, কলেজ ও অফিসে নিয়মিত নিরাপত্তা মহড়া করতে হবে।) Media should spread safety awareness among all citizens. (মিডিয়ার উচিত সব নাগরিকের মাঝে নিরাপত্তা সচেতনতা ছড়ানো।) 6. Conclusion (উপসংহার) Earthquakes are powerful forces of nature. (ভূমিকম্প হলো প্রকৃতির অত্যন্ত শক্তিশালী একটি ঘটনা।) We cannot stop or predict an earthquake. (আমরা ভূমিকম্প থামাতে বা আগে থেকে পূর্বাভাস দিতে পারি না।) However, proper preparation can save thousands of lives. (তবে সঠিক প্রস্তুতি হাজার হাজার জীবন বাঁচাতে পারে।) Strong buildings reduce property damage significantly. (মজবুত ভবন সম্পদের ক্ষয়ক্ষতি অনেকটাই কমিয়ে দেয়।) Staying educated and ready is the best protection. (সচেতন ও প্রস্তুত থাকাই হলো সেরা সুরক্ষা।)

Marks Distribution BA/BSS/BBS/B.Sc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam Subject: English (Compulsory) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus Total Marks: 100 Marks Distribution Assessment Area Section / Content focus Marks Written Examination Part-A: Reading and Understanding 10 Part-B: Grammar (Answer any 5 questions) 20 Part-C: Writing (Answer any 5 questions) 50 Internal Assessment In-course: College-level evaluation 20 Total 100 Detail Marks Distribution & Syllabus Guidelines Part-A: Reading and Understanding (10 Marks) An unseen passage will be provided at the beginning of the question paper. Students must answer the following based on the passage: Answering Questions (4 Marks): Two to three questions will be set from the passage. Answers must be written creatively in the student's own words; direct sentences cannot be copied from the passage. Vocabulary or Summary (6 Marks): Students will face one of the following formats: Meaning of Word: Write the English meanings of given words from the passage and frame sentences in English. Key Word: Identify the central word or phrase that forms a meaningful sentence. Writing Summary: Write a summary not exceeding one-third of the passage length. Direct quotes, examples, and advice must be avoided, and concluding sentences should synthesize the core theme. Part-B: Grammar (20 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five of the following question types. Each question carries 4 marks (4 x 5 = 20). Word Transformation: Change given root words into specific parts of speech (Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb) and create sentences with the newly formed words. Suitable Words: Fill in the blanks with grammatically accurate words, strictly adhering to rules of tense and sequence. 0r, Sentence Correction: Identify and rectify the grammatical errors in the provided sentences, applying rules for articles, voice, narration, prepositions, etc., without altering the entire sentence structure. Right Form of Verbs: Apply the correct verb forms based on subject-verb agreement, tense, and prepositional rules. or, Articles: Fill in the blanks of a short passage using appropriate definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) articles. Antonyms & Synonyms OR Suffix & Prefix: Write antonyms/synonyms and frame sentences, or attach prefixes/suffixes to root words to form new words and frame sentences. Framing Wh-Questions: Construct pronominal (who, whom, what, etc.) or adjectival (why, where, when, how) questions based on given statements. Re-arranging Sentences: Organize jumbled words into a logical, grammatically correct sentence structure. Punctuation: Insert appropriate punctuation marks and capital letters into an unpunctuated passage. Translation: Translate a Bengali passage into English. Literal, word-for-word translation is discouraged; the focus must remain on retaining the core meaning and proper English sentence structure. Part-C: Writing (50 Marks) Note: Students must answer any five questions. Each question carries 10 marks (10 x 5 = 50). Paragraph Writing: Write one paragraph from two provided topics. Report Writing: Draft a newspaper report on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Informal Letter: Write a personal letter (no alternative options provided). Formal Letter: Write a Resume, Application, or Job Application. Essay Writing: Write one essay from two provided topics. Amplification: Expand upon an idea or proverb (choose one from two options). Dialogue Writing: Compose a dialogue on a specified topic (no alternative options provided). Situational Writing (10 Marks Total): Typically divided into two 5-mark segments covering Posters, Advertisements, Notices, Memos, or Slogans. Internal Assessment (20 Marks) In-course Exam: Conducted internally by the respective colleges. The final grading is calculated as 80% written examination and 20% in-course assessment, which is mandatory for both regular and private students. Model Question Paper Subject: ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Subject Code: 121101 Curriculum: According to the New Syllabus of 2017 Exam Session Reference: BA/BSS/BBS/BSc Degree (Pass) & Certificate Course 3rd Year Exam-2018; held on- 11.12-09-2019 Time: 3 hours and 30 minutes Full Marks: 80 Part-A (Marks- 10) 1. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below: According to Aristotle, tragedy is an imitation of an action. An action is the process of an individual from one position to another. In other words, an action consists of incidents and events; and the arrangement of these incidents and events is plot. As stated by Aristotle, a plot has a beginning, a middle and an end; and it is so well constructed that no incident can be omitted without destroying the unity of the whole. A plot which consists of a series of disconnected incidents is called episodic plot and it ranks the worst. According to Aristotle, plots are of two kinds: simple and complex. A simple plot is one which is single and continuous and in which the change of fortune comes about without a reversal or a discovery. A complex plot, on the other hand, is one in which the change of fortune is accompanied by a discovery or reversal or both. (a) Answer the questions below (4 Marks): (i) What is action? (ii) What is episodic plot? (iii) What is plot? (iv) How many types of plot has Aristotle mentioned here? (b) Write down the meaning of the following words in English and make your own sentences with the basic words (6 Marks): Position, Imitation, Omit, Whole, Simple, Change. Part-B (Marks- 20) (Answer any five questions; 4 × 5 = 20) 2. Change the following words as directed and make sentences with the changed words: Beauty (Adjective); Encourage (Noun); Great (Adverb); Power (Verb). 3. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences: (a) It is a pen _____ I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of _____. (c) He does not know how to _____. (d) I would _____ to use this car. 4. Use the right form of verbs within brackets: (a) I wish I (be) a poet. (b) It (be) raining for three days. (c) He (die) last night. (d) I saw two boys (swim) in the pond. 5. Write down the antonyms of the following words and make sentences with those antonyms: development; courage; good; black. 6. Frame Wh-questions from the following sentences: (a) He went to Dhaka to buy a car. (b) Shakespeare was a playwright. (c) He lives in London. (d) He went to India yesterday. 7. Re-arrange the following words to make sentences: (a) in sky the birds fly. (b) lives the grass cow on. (c) today well I not am. (d) for long I have known him a time. 8. Punctuate the following passage: the most Important of all the parts of a Tragedy is the structure of the Incidents Because Tragedy is an imitation not of men but of an action and life. 9. Translate the following passage into English: শিক্ষা অর্জন করা প্রত্যেক মানুষের জন্য ভীষণ জরুরি। শিক্ষা ছাড়া মানুষ উন্নতি করতে পারে না। শিক্ষিত ব্যক্তি সকলের কাছে প্রিয়। তাই আমাদের সকলের শিক্ষিত হওয়া উচিত। Part-C (Marks- 50) (Answer any five questions; 10 × 5 = 50) 10. Write a paragraph on any one of the following: (a) Price Hike; (b) Air Pollution. 11. Write a report for the newspaper on the abuse of mobile phone. 12. Write a letter to your younger brother on the importance of reading newspaper. 13. Write an application to the Principal of your college for a canteen in the college. 14. Write an essay on any one of the following: (a) A Journey by Train; (b) Birds of Bangladesh. 15. Amplify the idea (any one): (a) An empty vessel sounds much; (b) Tit for tat. 16. Write a dialogue between two friends about child labour. 17. (i) Write a poster creating awareness about the dangers of impure water. (ii) Prepare an advertisement for a new Shampoo. Model Question Solutions Part-A Solutions 1. (a) Comprehension Answers: (i) According to the text, an action is the process of an individual transitioning from one position to another. (ii) An episodic plot is a plot structure that consists of a series of disconnected incidents. (iii) A plot is defined as the specific arrangement of incidents and events within a narrative. (iv) Aristotle has mentioned two types of plots: simple and complex. 1. (b) Vocabulary & Sentence Construction: Position (Meaning: Location or status) - The manager offered her a senior position in the firm. Imitation (Meaning: The act of copying) - Art is often considered an imitation of real life. Omit (Meaning: To leave out) - Please do not omit any crucial details from your final report. Whole (Meaning: Entire or complete) - He read the whole novel in just one afternoon. Simple (Meaning: Uncomplicated or basic) - The instructions provided were very simple to follow. Change (Meaning: Alteration or modification) - A sudden change in the weather disrupted our travel plans. Part-B Solutions 2. Word Transformation: Beauty (Adjective) -> Beautiful: The scenery in the mountains is absolutely beautiful. Encourage (Noun) -> Encouragement: Employees perform better when they receive regular encouragement. Great (Adverb) -> Greatly: The scientific community was greatly impacted by his research. Power (Verb) -> Empower: The new initiative aims to empower local businesses. 3. Suitable Words: (a) It is a pen which (or that) I bought yesterday. (b) I am fond of reading. (c) He does not know how to swim. (d) I would like (or love) to use this car. 4. Right Form of Verbs: (a) I wish I were a poet. (b) It has been raining for three days. (c) He died last night. (d) I saw two boys swimming in the pond. 5. Antonyms & Sentence Construction: Development -> Decline: The sudden economic decline affected many local industries. Courage -> Cowardice: The soldier was punished for his cowardice during the battle. Good -> Bad: Eating too much processed sugar is bad for your health. Black -> White: The company requires employees to wear a crisp white shirt. 6. Framing Wh-Questions: (a) Why did he go to Dhaka? (b) Who was Shakespeare? (c) Where does he live? (d) When did he go to India? 7. Re-arranging Sentences: (a) The birds fly in the sky. (b) The cow lives on grass. (c) I am not well today. (d) I have known him for a long time. 8. Punctuation: The most important of all the parts of a tragedy is the structure of the incidents, because tragedy is an imitation, not of men, but of an action and life. 9. Translation into English: Acquiring education is highly essential for every human being. Without education, a person cannot progress in life. An educated person is well-loved by everyone. Therefore, we should all become educated. Part-C Solutions (Exemplar selection) 10. Paragraph: (b) Air Pollution Air pollution is the introduction of harmful chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the Earth's atmosphere, leading to adverse effects on living organisms and the environment. In modern times, rapid industrialization, the proliferation of vehicles, and the burning of fossil fuels are the primary culprits behind this phenomenon. Toxic emissions such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides significantly degrade air quality, resulting in severe health crises like asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular diseases among urban populations. Furthermore, air pollution contributes heavily to global warming, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion. To mitigate these catastrophic effects, it is imperative to enforce stricter environmental regulations on factories, promote the use of public transport and renewable energy, and launch massive afforestation campaigns to restore our natural air filtration systems. 13. Formal Application: Canteen in the College Date: September 25, 2026 To The Principal, [Insert College Name], [Insert City Name] Subject: Prayer for setting up a canteen in the college campus. Respected Sir/Madam, We, the students of your esteemed institution, beg most respectfully to draw your attention to a pressing issue we face daily: the absence of a proper canteen within our college premises. Due to continuous classes, practical sessions, and in-course examinations, students are required to stay on campus for extended hours. Without an on-campus facility, we are frequently compelled to consume unhygienic food from roadside vendors, which has led to numerous cases of food poisoning and gastrointestinal issues among the student body. A well-regulated college canteen would provide us with safe, hygienic, and affordable meals, while also serving as a proper resting area during off-periods, ultimately saving valuable academic time. We, therefore, sincerely pray and hope that you would be kind enough to take immediate and necessary steps to establish a canteen on the college campus and oblige thereby. Yours obediently, [Your Name] On behalf of the students of [Insert College Name] 17. Situational Writing (i) Poster WATER IS LIFE – DO NOT LET IT BE THE CAUSE OF DEATH! Beware of the hidden dangers of impure water. Boil or filter your water before drinking to prevent Cholera and Typhoid. Protect our rivers and ponds from industrial and household waste. Cover all stored water containers immediately. Act Now for a Healthier Tomorrow! Drink Safe, Stay Safe. (Issued in public interest by the Student Health Committee) (ii) Advertisement REVITALIZE YOUR HAIR WITH THE ALL-NEW AURA SILK SHAMPOO! Struggling with hair fall, split ends, and dullness? Discover the magic of Aura Silk Herbal Shampoo, packed with the natural goodness of Aloe Vera, Argan Oil, and Vitamin E! Reduces hair breakage by 85% in just 14 days! 100% free of harmful sulfates and parabens. Leaves your hair irresistibly smooth and radiantly shiny. Hurry! Grab your 250ml bottle today at any leading supermarket and get a 15% introductory discount! Aura Silk – The premium care your hair truly deserves.

Summarizing (Seen Passage-3) প্রিয় শিক্ষার্থী, এ অংশে একটি Passage বা Poem দেওয়া থাকবে, যার Summary তোমাকে নিজের ভাষায় লিখতে হবে। Summary লেখার সময় কয়েকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় মনে রাখতে হবে— Summary-এর দৈর্ঘ্য মূল Passage-এর প্রায় এক-তৃতীয়াংশ (1/3) হতে হবে। Passage বা Poem থেকে হুবহু কোনো লাইন বা বাক্য লেখা যাবে না। Summary অবশ্যই নিজের ভাষায় লিখতে হবে। Summary-তে উদাহরণ, ব্যাখ্যা, উদ্ধৃতি, সংলাপ, অপ্রয়োজনীয় তথ্য বা ব্যক্তিগত মতামত অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা যাবে না। মূল বক্তব্য ও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ তথ্যগুলো সংক্ষিপ্ত, সুসংগঠিত এবং স্পষ্টভাবে উপস্থাপন করতে হবে। এ প্রশ্নের জন্য মোট নম্বর ১০। তোমাদের প্রস্তুতিকে আরও কার্যকর করার জন্য এ অংশে পূর্ববর্তী বছরের বিভিন্ন বোর্ড পরীক্ষা ও টেস্ট পরীক্ষার প্রশ্নপত্র বিশ্লেষণ করে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Passage ও Poem নির্বাচন করা হয়েছে। আমরা আশা করি, শিক্ষার্থীরা এসব নির্বাচিত Passage ও Poem মনোযোগ সহকারে অধ্যয়ন ও নিয়মিত অনুশীলনের মাধ্যমে অল্প সময়েই Summary Writing-এর উপর দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে পারবে এবং পরীক্ষায় কাঙ্ক্ষিত ফলাফল অর্জন করবে। Summarizing 1: The Parrot's TaleU-1:L-1(B) ➡The world is short of many things but not detractors. They said, "The cage looks better no doubt, but has anyone taken notice of the bird?" This was reported to the King. He said to a nephew, "What's this I hear?" "Your Majesty," replied the nephew. "If you wish to hear the truth summon the goldsmiths, the scholars, the scribes, the maintenance crew and their supervisors. Those who haven't got a share of the royal bounty are resorting to slander." Everything became clear to the King and he rewarded his nephew with a gold chain. The King wished to see for himself at what an awesome pace the bird's schooling was going on. One day he turned up at the schoolroom with his friends, counselors and courtiers. At once the musicians at the gate struck up on their many wind and percussion instruments: The teachers shook their sacred tufts of hair as they loudly chanted mantras, and all the workmen, labourers, goldsmiths, scribes and their numerous cousins raised slogans in praise of the King. Summarizing 2: Advantages of Al in the Classroom U-1:L-2(B) There are already a few Al tools that support learning in classroom or workplace contexts. For example, Ahura is an Al-powered learning assistant that tracks learning habits by observing attention and engagement. Knewton offers an adaptive learning platform that provides personalized learning experiences for students. Querium is an Al-powered tutor that provides students with step-by-step tutoring on math problems and builds personalized lesson plans. ALEKS is an Al-powered learning platform that provides individualized learning paths based on students' strengths and weaknesses. Carnegie Learning offers an Al-powered tutor that helps students improve their math skills by providing personalised learning based on their performance. There's also Smart Sparrow, which allows users to provide constructive feedback that is unique to each student. Finally, Gradescope is an Al-powered grading tool that automates the grading process, which can free up teachers' time and allow them to provide more individualised attention to students. Summarizing 3: The New School U-1:L-3(A) When she saw the gate of the new school, Totto-chan stopped. The gate of the school she used to go to had fine concrete pillars with the name of the school in large characters. But the gate of this new school simply consisted of two rather short posts that still had twigs and leaves on them. "This gate's growing." said Totto-chan. "It'll probably go on growing till it's taller than the telephone poles!" The two "gateposts" were clearly trees with roots. When she got closer, she had to put her head to one side to read the name of the school because the wind had blown the sign askew. "To-mo-e Ga-ku-en. Totto-chan was about to ask Mother what "Tomoe" meant, when she caught a glimpse of something that made her think she must be dreaming. She squatted down and peered through the shrubbery to get a better look, and she couldn't believe her eyes. "Mother, is that really a train! There, in the school grounds!" For its classrooms, the school had made use of six abandoned railroad cars. To Totto- chan it seemed something you might dream about. A school in a train! The windows of the railroad cars sparkled in the morning sunlight. But the eyes of the rosy- cheeked little girl gazing at them through the shrubbery sparkled even more. "I like this school!". Summarizing 4: Civic Engagement U-1:L-4(C) | Rajshahi Board-2025; Chattogram Board-2023 a. Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates- we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works. Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice. discrimination and other forms of social ills. In civic engagement, issues of public concern are crucial. Civic engagement includes individual or group activities to protect public interests and change the way the community values itself. For example, if you are protesting against any unjust decision of the local municipality such as raising taxes or an act that might work against people's interest, you are civically engaged and your action is considered a civic engagement. This protest can be done in different ways such as organizing rallies, collecting signatures, making human chains, writing petitions etc. You can also help control traffic in front of a school, help children to cross the roads, work in a team to clean a park or a sea beach. You can also give some service to elderly people. These are all examples of civic engagement as what you do directly affects the community. [RB-25] b. Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that docs not illuminate our minds or docs not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all.Learners’ civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life of the community using knowledge, skills. values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people. [Ctg.B-23] Summarizing 5: Folk Music- Chattogram Board-2019 | U-2; L-2(B) In Bangladesh folk music has great variety, with songs composed on culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty. rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Nature plays a role in providing the content and rhythm of folk music. The folk music of Bangladesh varies from region to region, reflecting changes in the natural environment and the dialects people use. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Summarizing 6: Lalon Shah- Summarize the following text. [Ctg.B.-19] | U-2: L-2(F) Lalon Shah (1774-1890) is best known as an icon of the Baul tradition in Bengal, although he was also a philosopher, thinker and social reformer. He preached religious tolerance and rejected social differences based on class, caste and creed. He also believed that a search for truth should begin with the body, which reflects the mystery of creation. Although Lalon's songs are admired for the profound philosophical and mystical insights they offer, he did not receive any formal education. Not much is known about his early life. A popular story about him - which many believe to be true-- is that while on a pilgrimage to a holy place, Lalon, who was born a Hindů, contracted smallpox and was abandoned by his companions. A Muslim fakir, Siraj Sain, picked him up and took him to his own house where he nursed him back to health. When Lalon returned home, his family refused to take him in as he had lived in a Muslim household. So Lalon returned to Siraj Sain and took up a life of devotion and asceticism under his guidance. After the death of Sainji. Lalon set up an akhrah or monastery in Chheuriya near Kushtia. It soon attracted admirers and mystics in search of salvation who became initiated into Baul asceticism and became his disciples. As Lalon began writing and composing songs, which his disciples sang with the accompaniment of ektara or dotara, his fame spread to faraway places. Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam were among those who admired him and were influenced by his Shahajiya philosophy (the attainment of the self through the simple truths that reside in one's own body and soul- not outside -- which can be reached through sadhana or meditation). Many of his disciples also became famous for their songs. They included Kangal Harinath Majumder, Pagla Kanai and Dudu Shah. Summarizing 7: Art- U-2:L-3(B) a. Art is generally understood as an expression of human imagination and creative skills in a range of activities including painting, drawing, sculpture and architecture. The aim of art is to evoke feelings and emotions that are considered aesthetic - that is, concerned with beauty- but art also can be a form of social commentary. A painting of sunset over the sea glorifies nature, but one that shows a war ravaged town can convey a sense of anguish. Throughout the world people appreciate art for its power to affect them in creative ways. As the famous painter Pablo Picasso said, "the purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls." Art in our country has a long history. It has been practiced in households in the form of pottery, nakshikantha or embroidered quilt, alpana or intricate, mostly floral designs in rice paste done on clay yards and shokher harhi or painted earthen pots (and their lids). These are examples of folk art. But there is another form of art which is called modern art, which owes its origin to the industrial revolution in Western Europe in the middle of-19th century and the changes it brought in technology, education, manufacturing and communication. Modern art rejected traditional ar forms and began to create new types of artistic expression using styles, techniques, colours and, materials that could adequately reflect the spirit of the time and the profound changes in human thought. b. The beginning of modern art practices in our country date from 1948, when the great artist Zainul Abedin (1914-1976), with the help of some colleagues set up an institute of art in Dhaka (now the Faculty of Fine Art, University of Dhaka). As it began to offer art education, the institute drew together a number of talented teachers and students who contributed to the development of modern art almost from scratch. But within a decade, artists were reflecting most recent trends and styles in their work - such as expressionism and abstract expressionism- while maintaining a close contact with the traditions of folk art. Zainul had earned all-India fame for his Famine Sketches, a series of haunting. sketches based on the Bengal famine of 1943 which took hundreds of thousands of lives. His watercolors, scroll paintings and drawings inspire our artists even today The other prominent artists who had major contributions to the spectacular rise of our contemporary art include Qamrul Hassan, SM Sultan, Safiuddin Ahmed, Abdur Razzak, Qayyum Chowdhury, Murtaza Baseer, Aminul Islam, Syed Jahangir, Debdas Chakravarty, Novera Ahmed and Muhammad Kibria. Summarizing 8: S M Sultan- U-2; L-3(C) a. Sheikh Mohammed Sultan, widely known as S M Sultan, was a distinguished Bangladeshi painter renowned for his distinctive personal and artistic style. Born on August 1923, in Jessore, Bangladesh, Sultan is often remembered as a bohemian artist who traveled extensively. Despite his unique vision, he only achieved widespread recognition later in life. His work was first showcased in Dhaka in 1976, and a significant retrospective organized by the Goethe Institute. Dhaka in 1987 solidified his status as a major artist. Despite coming from an underprivileged background, S M Sultan made his mark in the art world through sheer passion and his ability to build enduring connections. Although his family could not afford his education at the Calcutta School of Arts, he received a special recommendation that allowed him to study there for three years. His very simple but highly philosophic art, which features nature and the people of Bangladesh, has become the prime source of inspiration for the new generation of painters. b. Sultan's characters were farmers, rural women, children, animals, and even pets. The main feature of his paintings is the muscular farmers, with extensive muscles and godly physical stature which make his farmers larger than life. Sultan took little care of his finished works, and many are lost. He was unconcerned about using materials that would preserve. Sultan's song was never about a legacy of artwork but of ideas. Apart from being awarded prestigious awards, accolades, and being featured in top art institutions. Sultan received wide press coverage and laudatory critical reviews in renowned newspapers like the New York Times, Washington Post, The Telegraph, The Times, The Guardian, Le Monde, and many more. He became internationally acclaimed as a great painter of classic dimensions. Sultan received the Ekushey Padak, Swadhinata Padak, Bangladesh Charu Shilpi Sangsad Padak, and other prestigious awards. Summarizing 9: Novera Ahmed--U-2; L-3(D) Novera Ahmed was the pioneer of modern sculpting in Bangladesh. She is also one of the most under and misrepresented artists in the country. When describing the works of the first modern Bangladeshi sculptor Novera Ahmed, Shilpacharja Zainul Abedin proclaimed "What Novera is doing now will take us a long time to understand - she is that kind of artist." This aptly describes her progressive thoughts in the field of sculpture. Novera Ahmed was born in a culturally inclined family in Chittagong, where she was inspired by her mother's skills in making dolls' houses out of clay and became fascinated with working with three-dimensional forms. As Ahmed was educated in London and Florence, her sculptural vocabulary was based on a combination of western ideas and folk traditions. Many of her artefacts were based on village lives and folk motifs, of which she was a keen observer. She also incorporated Buddhist themes in her works, and developed an individual style that depicted the experiences of women. Summarizing 10: Behula- U-3: L-1(F) ➡Behula is a legendary folk heroine and one of the main characters of Manasamangal, a medieval epic. She was the daughter of Sayven of Ujaninagar. Lakhindar was the youngest son of Chand Saudagar of Champaknagar. Behula grew up to be a beautiful and intelligent woman and was married to Lakhindar. Chand Saudagar had boasted that he was cleverer and stronger than Manasa, the snake goddess. To protect his son, Chand built an iron chamber for Lakhindar, believing it to be impregnable. However on the wedding night of Behula and Lakhindar, Manasa sent a snake to kill Lakhindar. The snake made itself as fine as a strand of hair and, entering the chamber through a minute hole, bit Lakhindar. Behula refused to accept her husband's death. She placed his body on a banana raft and set out on a hazardous journey towards the abode of the gods. Despite all the dangers and temptations she encountered, Behula continued her Journey and finally succeeded in reaching the abode of the gods. She pleaded for her husband's life and promised Manasa that Chand Saodagar would worship her. Moved by Behula's love for her husband, Manasa not only restored Lakhindar but also his brothers whom she had killed earlier. Behula returned home with her husband and brothers-in-law, and Chand Saodagar finally bowed before the might of Manasa. Lakhindar and Behula then returned to their heavenly abode as Aniruddha and Usa. Summarizing 11: Icarus-U-3: L-2(B) On the island of Crete, the fearsome Minotaur, a creature that was half-man and half-bull, terrorized the inhabitants. To contain the beast, King Minos enlisted the help of Daedalus, a masterful architect and inventor. Daedalus constructed an intricate labyrinth so complex that escape was nearly impossible. Once the Minotaur was imprisoned within the maze, King Minos believed he had the perfect trap for his enemies, who would be sent into the labyrinth to meet a gruesome end. However, King Minos, no longer needing Daedalus, cruelly imprisoned the inventor and his son. Icarus, within the same labyrinth. Yet, Daedalus, familiar with the labyrinth's design, managed to escape with Icarus. After fleeing, they found themselves stranded on the island with no means of escape by sea. Observing the birds flying above, Daedalus was inspired to craft wings from feathers and wax for himself and his son. He warned Icarus to fly at a moderate height too close to the sea, and the wings would become heavy with moisture; too close to the sun, and the wax would melt. Initially, Icarus heeded his father's advice, but soon, overwhelmed by the excitement of the flight, he soared higher and higher, forgetting the warning. As he ascended, the sun's heat melted the wax binding his wings. Helplessly, Icarus plummeted into the sea and drowned, leaving Daedalus to fly on alone, devastated by his son's tragic fate. He eventually reached Sicily, where he inourned Icarus and named the sea where his son fell the Icarian Sea in his memory. Summarizing 12: The Legend of Gazi-- Rajshahi Board-2019 | U-3; L-3(B) According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was a Muslim saint who is said to have spread Islam in the parts of Bengal close to the Sunderbans. He was credited with many miracles. For example, he could supposedly calm dangerous animals and make them docile. He is usually depicted in paats or scroll paintings riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger, a snake in his hand, but in no apparent danger. According to some stories, he also fought crocodiles who threatened the people of the region full of canals and creeks, indeed, a kind of watery jungle bordering the Bay of Bengal. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and jungles and cultivate their lands. Consequently, people of these regions would pray to him for protection. The story of Gazi Pir has been preserved in folk literature as well as art and has been performed in indigenous theatre. Some Gazir paat scrolls are part of the collection of the British Museum. Summarizing 13: Khona--U-3; L-4(B) The mythical story of Khona is deeply rooted in Bangla folklore. Khona, originally named Lila, was an incredible woman with a gift for predicting weather and understanding the ways of farming. Her wisdom was shared through memorable, rhyming verses known as "Khona's Words" or "Khonar Bochon." These sayings, though simple and easy to remember, were filled with deep knowledge and practical advice for farmers. Khona used her knowledge to help the peasants, but her actions often challenged the ruling class. The rulers, not pleased with her defiance, punished her cruelly by cutting out her tongue. Thus, she became known as Khona, which means "someone who cannot speak." Despite this harsh punishment, her wisdom lived on through her sayings, which have been passed down for over 1500 years. Summarizing 14: July Uprising--U-4 L-1(B) a. The July Uprising was a mass movement in Bangladesh that led to the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina's regime in August 2024. Also referred to as the 'Monsoon Revolution' or 'July Revolution, the movement began with a student-led protest for quota reform at the University of Dhaka. The unprovoked repression of the government and the subsequent loss of life transformed the initially apolitical protest into a widespread uprising that united various political cultural, fleeing the country. The uprising was not a sudden event, rather was the nation of 16 years of public frustration stemming from tyranny, human rights abuses, and the systematic dismentling of state institutions. b. July1, 2024: The 'Anti-Discrimination Student Movement' platform was launched, initiating nationwide demonstrations traffic in Dhaka and districts. July 14, 2024; After a mocking comment by Sheikh Hasina, student protests intensified with new slogans. July 15, 2024: Students at Dhaka and Jahangirnagar Universities were brutally attacked by the members of Chatra League and police. July 16, 2024: Protests turned deadly as police opened fire on demonstrators, killing several people across the country, including Abu Sayed in Rangpur. July 17, 2024: Funerals and coffin processions were held for the deceased, with one at Dhaka University being violently dispersed by police. July 18, 2024: The movement gained broader support as students from private universities, schools, and colleges joined. More than 50 people were killed in attacks, and the government shut down the internet. Summarizing 15: Martin Luther King Jr.--U-4:L-1(B) a. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia. the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. b. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together". This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day..... And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. Summarizing 16: Wangari Maathai (Great Woman)--U 4:L-3(B) "We have a special responsibility to the ecosystem of this planet. In making sure that other species survive we will be ensuring the survival of our own." The first African woman and first environmentalist awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) reeceived that honour in 2004 as the founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, a nonprofit organization dedicated to planting trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights. Maathai introduced the idea of planting trees with the people and developed it into a broad-based, grassroots organization designed to conserve the environment and improve women's quality of life. In 1986 the Green Bell Movement established a Pan African Green Belt Network and has introduced over 40 individuals from other African countries to its approach. The Movement set both short and long-term objectives. The overall aim has been to create public awareness of the need to protect the environment through tree planting and sustainable management. More specifically, it has initiatives to promote and protect biodiversity, to protect the soil, to create jobs especially in the rural areas, to give women a positive image in the community and to assert their leadership qualities. It promotes food security and assists people to make the link between environmental degradation and many of the problems they face, including poverty and livelihood insecurity. Summarizing 17: Frederick Douglass-U-5; L-5(B) I was hom in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county. Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember to have ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than planting-time, harvest-time, cherry-time, spring-time. or fall-time. A want of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages. I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege. I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. He deemed all such inquiries on the part of a slave improper and impertinent, and evidence of a restless spirit. The nearest estimate I can give makes me now between twenty-seven and twenty-eight years of age. I come to this, from hearing my master say, sometime during 1835,1 was about seventeen years old. Summarizing 18: Dream-U-6: L-1 (0) Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream. or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague: filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. Summarizing 19: Crossing the English Channel--Cumilla Board-2024 | U-7:L-1(A) · Once in water, you get oblivious of time, distance or direction. The only thought which kept me worried. was that must make it and that I must get good weather all the way. The second half of the swim is always very difficult. And if even little waves develop, it saps the ebbing energy of the swimmer all the more. Taking a lesson from my previous swims kept my speed at a steady pace for I knew I would need every ounce of my energy towards the close..... I felt hungry and famished and shouted for my manager. In reply, I was told that I could not afford to waste 10 minutes in having the feed! If I have to break the record, I must swim on with all my might. But I refused...I am sorry now for it. For if I had gone on, I might have finished the whole swim in less than 10 hours and 15 minutes creating a new world record from both sides.... Summarizing 20: The Unbeaten Girls--Barishal Board-2025 | [C.B.-25] | U-7:L-3(B) a. In a traditional society like ours, little boys and girls are given separate sets of toys. While toys for boys include cars. guns or footballs. girls have to be satisfied with dolls (often Barbie dolls) and doll-houses of miniature cooking utensils. The underlying assumption is that boys are active and full of vigour, but girls are naive and lack the intelligence or energy to match their male counterparts. · This false assumption has been shattered plenty of times in the recent decades as girls began to show their power and women began competing with men in almost all areas of life. It has been conclusively proved wrong most recently by the girls of Kalsindur, a village in a remote area in Dhobaura upazila in Mymensingh district. The villagers are mostly low-income but hardworking people. Even a few years ago, there was no electricity in the village. But some girls have illuminated the village - both literally and metaphorically with their belief in themselves and their skill in the game of football. The village has emerged now as a footballer factory and a symbol of girl power. And in recognition of their success, the village was provided electricity by the government. [88-251] b. The success of Kalsindur girls reads like an epic. They started their journey with practically nothing. They didn't have any boots or jerseys to wear. Initially, they played wearing salwar and kumij. They also suffered from malnutrition. What made them win against all adversities then? What was the magic behind? Mohammad Mafiz Uddin was an assistant teacher at Kalsindur Government Free Primary School where Minati Rani Sheel was the head teacher. They observed the girls' interests in football and decided to help. It was however not that easy. Girls playing football is still not a common picture in Bangladesh. Guardians were not convinced as they were used to seeing girls helping mothers with household chores. A farmer, an auto-rickshaw driver, a tea-shop owner or a housemaid mother couldn't be that ambitious either. But Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin persuaded them to allow their daughters to play. Being great motivators, the two teachers supported the girls in their effort to overcome the odds. They inspired them. created opportunities for them and took personal care of them. Soon the girls could prove themselves, shaking off their inhibition. Their success has also persuaded the villagers to come to their support. Summarizing 21: Family Relationship--Jashore Board-2025, 2023 | U-B:L-1 (B) a. The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal. What he meant was that man. by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage: some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all. [JB-23] b. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. [JB-25] · Summarizing 22: A Mother in Mannville--Barishal Board-2024 | U-8: L-3(C) a. The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains. I was there in the autumn. I wanted quiet, isolation, to do some troublesome writing. I wanted mountain air to blow out the malaria from too long a time in the subtropics. I was homesick too, for the flaming of maples in October, and for corn shocks and pumpkins and black-walnut trees.... I found them all living in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage, half a mile beyond the orphanage farm. When I took the cabin. I asked for a boy or man to come and chop wood for the fireplace.... I looked up from my typewriter one late afternoon, a little startled. A boy stood at the door and my pointer dog. my companion, was at his side and had not barked to warn me. The boy was probably twelve years old, but undersized. He wore overalls and a torn shirt, and was barefooted. He said, "I can chop some wood today." [B.B-24] b. At daylight, I was half wakened by the sound of chopping. Again it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. When I left my bed in the cool morning, the boy had come and gone, and a stack of kindling was neat against the cabin wall. He came after school in the afternoon and worked until time to return to the orphanage. His name was Jerry.... he had been at the orphanage since he was four. I could picture him at four, with the same grave gray-blue eyes and the same independence? No, the word that comes to me is "integrity".... It is bedded on courage. but it is more than brave. It is honest, but it is more than honesty. The ax handle broke one day. Jerry said the woodshop at the orphanage would repair it. I brought money to pay for the job and he refused it. "I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the ax down careless." "But no one hits accurately every time " I told him. "The fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man from whom I bought it." It was only then that he would take the money. He was standing back of his own carelessness. He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge. Summarizing 23: Butterfly Forever--U-8: L-4(B) IT IS RAINING. The asphalt road looks cold and wet. It glitters with reflections of green, yellow, and red lights. We are taking shelter under the balcony. The green mailbox stands alone across the street. Inside the big pocket of my white windbreaker is a letter for my mother in the South. · Yingzi says she can mail the letter for me with the umbrella. I nod quietly and hand her the letter. · "Who told us to bring only one small umbrella?" She smiles, opens up the umbrella, and is ready to walk across the road to mail the letter for me. A few tiny raindrops from an umbrella rib fall onto my glasses. · With the piercing sound of a vehicle screeching to a halt, Yingzi's life flies in the air gently, and then slowly falls back on the cold and wet road, like a butterfly at night. · Although it is spring, it feels like deep autumn. · All she did was cross the road to mail a letter for me. A very simple act, yet I will never forget it as long as I live. Summarizing 24: The Storm and Stress of Adolescence--U-9.L 1(B) · a. Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become aduits. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things: infancy (birth to age 2), early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years). Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course. there are some who will try to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status. · World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. · The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. b. World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for Summarizing 25: Adolescence and Problems in Bangladesh Summarizing 25: Mymenshingh Board-2023 | U-9 L-2(B) · a. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. · When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the in- laws house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are significant health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate. [Μ.Β.-'23] · b. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the in- laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal. Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate. · When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia. Adolescent-fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers. · While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol. Summarizing 26: The Story of Shilpi--U-9; L-3(B) · ➡While maternal mortality in Bangladesh has declined by more than 50 percent since 2001, the rate remains high with 173 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017- dropping from 322 in 2001. Girls who get pregnant are at risk of serious health complications. These include dangerous hemorrhage and fistula, a painful internal injury caused by obstructed childbirth that commonly leads to serious maternal morbidities and social exclusion. · When Shilpi heard about those risks, she invited her husband, Rashid, to discuss pregnancy with a counsellor. After hearing about the risks. Rashid agreed to delay having children for five years despite pressures from his parents and neighbours to produce an offspring. Together, the couple met with a female health care provider, who informed them about the various family planning options available. · Shilpi's mother-in-law and neighbours continued to pressurize the newlyweds. Deeply rooted cultural practices and traditions caused a rift between Shilpi and Rashid and their extended family, some of whose members insulted and criticized the couple. Unable to convince their close relatives of the risks, Shilpi and Rashid returned to the counsellor They took the help of a parent peer who has been trained to speak to other parents about adolescent issues. Shilpi's mother- in-law and neighbours eventually came to understand the harmful effects of early pregnancy on mother and child. · Today, the village no longer pressurizes the couple; their parents and neighbours now support them and speak out against early marriage and pregnancy. Summarizing 27: The Burning Issue of Bullying--U-9; L-4(B) · ➡Many children start bullying others without the knowledge of the consequences, not realising that their actions may be hurtful, as the actions often leave them with a feeling of authority over others. On the other hand, many children suffer from external trauma within their personal lives and tend to normalise crude behaviour within themselves, exerting their pent-up frustration on other children. Flipping the coin towards another perspective, many bullies have often been victims themselves. · Mostly, bullies go on to suffer negative impacts further down the line. Issues in relationships with friends and family. difficulty coping with varying work environments, anxiety disorders, and many more problems may arise as they transition into adulthood. The victims of bullying, on the other hand, grow up with serious mental health issues. including depression, anxiety, inferiority complex, eating disorders, and loneliness. Moreover, bullied children may also resort to becoming bullies themselves, keeping the cycle going. Summarizing 28: Etiquette Netiquette--U-10:L-2(C) · The man was terribly happy with his success, but he didn't count on two little girls of special needs. They had speech difficulty and so they used to communicate using sign language. Since the machine couldn't steal gestures, these girls continued their previous practices of being kind and polite. Soon they realised the difference between them and other people which led them to investigate the reason. After much toil, they could discover the wicked man, who was in a hideout on the top of a hill next to the sea with his enormous machine busy in capturing people's polite words and separating them into letters. The girls found the man taking a nap when they crept up to the machine and rewind it so that people could get back to their normal behaviour. · As a result, the machine exploded, scattering all the letters it had gathered into the sky. After some moments, the letters started coming down, like rain, and ended up in the sea. After that, everyone became polite and respectful to each other again. The anger and the arguments stopped, proving that good manners are very useful for keeping people together in a spirit of happiness. Summarizing 29: Fitness--U-10: L-4(D) a.Training the mind can get us to a place of flow more quickly. Meditation is one way to exercise our mental muscles. There are many types of meditation, but they all have the same objective: calming the mind, observing our thoughts and emotions, and centering our focus on a single object. · The basic practice involves sitting with a straight back and focusing on your breath. Anyone can do it, and you feel a difference after just one session. By fixing your attention on the air moving in and out of your nose, you can slow the torrent of thoughts and clear your mental horizons. · If we want to get better at reaching a state of flow, meditation is an excellent antidote to our smartphones and their notifications constantly clamoring for our attention. b. One of the most common mistakes among people starting to meditate is worrying about doing it "right." achieving absolute mental silence, or reaching "nirvana." The most important thing is to focus on the journey. · Since the mind is a constant swirl of thoughts, ideas, and emotions, slowing down the "centrifuge"even for just a few seconds can help us feel more rested and leave us with a sense of clarity. · In fact, one of the things we learn in the practice of meditation is not to worry about anything that flits across our mental screen. The idea of killing our boss might flash into our mind, but we simply label it as a thought and let it pass like a cloud, without judging or rejecting it. It is only a thought-one of the sixty thousand we have every day, according to some experts. · Meditation generates alpha and theta brain waves. For those experienced in meditation, these waves appear right away. while it might take a half hour for a beginner to experience them. These relaxing brain waves are the ones that are activated right before we fall asleep, as we lie in the sun, or right after taking a hot bath. Summarizing 30: Consumerism--Dhaka Board-2025; Rajshahi Board-2024; Jashore Board-2024 | U-10:L-5(B) a. We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, heip others in need or invest in business and thus spend money every day. In fact, spending is a part of our life. · Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit. it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour. it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt. and for another, it may create unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. · Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often encourage customers to buy things by flattering them. This is a perfect match for you, they would say, or 'You look so stunning in that dress. Never forget, they say the same thing to most of their customers. [RB-24] It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. b. We spend money for different reasons. We buy foods, clothes or everyday essentials, pay for different services, entertain people, travel to places, help others in need or invest in business and thus spend money everyday. In fact, spending is a part of our life. Spending may make us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. When we spend money on things that we need and within our limit, it is good. When it becomes a compulsive behaviour, it makes life stressful. Unnecessary spending or spending beyond one's means has some bad effects. For one thing, it may lead to financial ruin or debt, and for another, it may create unhappiness within families. People who overspend are never satisfied with what they have. [DB-25; JB-24] They always rush for brands, fashion items, designer clothes etc. Over a period of time it becomes an addiction which may eventually create psychological problems. c. Nowadays consumer items are displayed in stores or in advertisements in ways that they create a feeling of immediate need for them. We are constantly tempted to buy, use or consume things even when we do not have a genuine need. We all need to be careful here. Salespersons often encourage customers to buy things by flattering them. This is a perfect match for you, they would say, or 'You look so stunning in that dress. Never forget, they say the same thing to most of their customers. It is better not to be persuaded by such words. They use these words to please the customers as the more a customer buys, the higher the profit is. Overspending is not only related to shopping, it applies to other activities as well such as eating out. Many people buy too many items to eat in a restaurant. They can eat only some of them and the rest are wasted. It's not a responsible attitude. We cannot simply waste food because we have money to buy it. · Young people in a shopping mall often look at an item on display and think "Oh I must buy this. I really need this.' They may not have the money needed in their wallet. So they use credit cards but using them is like taking a loan. If they are not careful, the loans increase which might lead them to a debt-trap. · Sometimes children insist on buying things that their parents cannot pay without stretching their budget. This may happen because the children's friends also have them. It's not fair as it becomes a burden for the parents. · Finally, don't get trapped by the glossy advertisements on television or the Internet. You should rather ask yourself: "Do I need this?" The best way to control the habit of spending is not to think 'What I need', but Can I do without it?" Summarizing 31: Story From Gaza--U-11:L-3(A) · ➡What do you want me to say about Gaza? From when I became aware of it, I was sad about everything inside it. Especially the kids and even the adults, youth, women, girls, animals, stones and trees, everything in it is crying... I'm looking for nice words to say and I can't find them. · The sea is the only thing that helps me dream. When I stand on the shore I can imagine Cyprus, travel to Paris, fly to Rome, all while standing in the same spot. I go around the whole world and in the end I land on my bed in our house. in the middle of the refugee camp. I go back to the reality of Gaza, the dirty market, overflowing sewage, the carts, and what's on top of the carts, the suffocating smell, and the silent people who can't speak. Summarizing 32: Water, Water Everywhere--U-12; L-1(B) · a. Coleridge's poem, a ballad, narrates the harrowing sea-voyage of an old mariner who at one point of his journey didn't have any water to drink because of a curse. Not only the cursed mariner, we too know how important drinking water is in our life. We know we cannot survive without it. In fact two-thirds of our body is made up of water. Not for nothing is it said that the other name of water is life. Is there a crisis in our time with regard to access to clean drinking water? The United Nations in a meeting on the eve of the new millennium identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. But do we need to worry about the problem as ours is a land of rivers and we have plenty of rainfall? Besides, we have a sea in our backyard too. · b. One of the sources of water in our country is the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life, literature, economy and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A few are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual stench fills the air around it. But that is not what it was like before. · The report says that the river had a glorious past. Once it was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleshwari. Gradually, it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marvelled at the tide level of the Buriganga and founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. The river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Jahangirnagar was renamed Dhaka which grew into a heavily populated city with a chronic shortage of space. Summarizing 33: The Greta Effect--U-12;L-2(B) · a. Greta Thunberg is an environmental activist. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2003. When she was eight, she started learning about climate change. The more she learned, the more baffled she became as to why so little was being done about it. At the age of 11, Greta became so sad about climate change that she temporarily stopped speaking! · Greta has Asperger syndrome, a condition that affects how people socialise. But Greta views her condition as a positive. calling it her "superpower"! She says it helps her see the world in black and white, and that there are "no grey areas when it comes to climate change." · In August 2018, Greta decided to take action. Instead of going to school, she made a large sign that read Skolstrejk for Klimatet": SCHOOL STRIKE FOR CLIMATE', and calmly sat down outside the Swedish parliament. Her aim? To make politicians take notice and act to stop global warming. · Greta's strike was picked up by the Swedish media, and the word started to spread. Soon enough, tens of thousands of students from around the world joined her #Fridays for Future strikes skipping school on Fridays to protest against climate change. · b. In March 2019, climate campaigners across the world, and inspired by Greta, came together to co-ordinate the first Global Strike for Climate. Over 1.6 million people from 125 countries took part! · Since her strike began, Greta's life has become a whirlwind! She's given rousing speeches to politicians, to the EU parliament, to the UK parliament, to protesters and more. She's appeared in documentaries and had loads of books and articles write about her. She's even been nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize! · In August 2019, Greta travelled on a wind and solar-powered boat from Plymouth UK, to New York, USA - the journey took 15 days. Her passionate speech "You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words... We are in the beginning of a mass extinction, and all you can talk about is money, and fairy tales of eternal economic growth. How dare you!" has drawn much attention from all over the world. Thunberg was known for changing how some people think and act about climate change. Her impact is called "the Greta effect." Summarizing 34: Nayaka People--U-12; L-3(F) · ➡One example of modem gatherers is the Nayaka people, who live in the jungles of southern India. When a Nayaka comes across a dangerous animal such as a tiger, snake or elephant in the jungle, the Nayaka might talk directly to the animal: 'You live in the forest, and I live in the forest too. You came here to eat, and I came here to gather roots and tubers. I didn't come to hurt you, so please don't hurt me.' · A Nayaka was once killed by a male elephant they called 'the elephant who always walks alone. People from the Indian government then came to capture the elephant, but the Nayaka refused to help the government officials. They explained that the elephant had a good reason to be violent: he used to have a very close friend, another male elephant, and the two always roamed the forest together. One day, some bad people shot the second elephant and took him away. "The elephant who always walks alone had been very lonely ever since and was very angry at humans. 'How would you feel if your partner was taken away from you? the Nayaka asked. That's exactly how this elephant felt. The two elephants sometimes went their separate ways at night, but in the morning, they always came together again. On that terrible day, the elephant watched his buddy fall to the ground. If two creatures are always together and then you shoot one, how's the other one going to feel? · Scientists have invented a special word for people who believe that animals can talk and that there are spirits who live in rocks and rivers: animists. Summarizing 35: Environmental Justice--U-12:L-4(A) · ➡ Environmental Justice links two large, foundational bodies of modem thought and activist engagement. It yokes concern for the environment, including all life on the planet, to commitment to social justice: human equity in terms of race. gender, religion, nationality, and class. Environmental Justice bridges the gap between [the] two movements: environmentalism and human rights advocacy. It not only brings them together for positive change but also shows their inextricable connectedness. · Environmental Justice therefore represents a new, important body of thought and action at the beginning of the twenty- first century, especially as people around the world face the realities of climate change, increasing toxicity, resource depletion, and the rapid disappearance of species and arable land on which the health of many human communities depends. Fundamental to both the concept of Environmental Justice and the activist EJ movement is the search for fair ways of sharing environmental burdens and benefits and collectively creating a future in which the dignity and rights of all people are respected. Summarizing 36: Scientific Method--U-12:L-5(A) · ➡Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers. They should consider what the human goal is. what it is that humanity should create. Doctors should first determine at the fundamental level what it is that human beings depend on for life. · In applying my theories to farming. I have been experimenting in growing my crops in various ways, always with the idea of developing a method close to nature. I have done this by whittling away unnecessary agricultural practices. · Modern scientific agriculture, on the other hand. has no such vision. Research wanders about aimlessly, each researcher seeing just one part of the infinite array of natural factors which affect harvest yields. · Furthermore, these natural factors change from place to place and from year to year. · Even though it is the same quarter acre. the farmer must grow his crops differently each year in accordance with variations in weather, insect populations, the condition of the soil, and many other natural factors. Nature is everywhere în perpetual motion; conditions are never exactly the same in any two years. · Modern research divides nature into tiny pieces and conducts tests that conform neither with natural law nor with practical experiences. The results are arranged for the convenience of research, not according to the needs of the farmer. · To think that these conclusions can be put to use with invariable success in the farmer's field is a big mistake. Answers to Summary Texts 1 Some people criticized the King by saying that the cage was beautiful but no one cared about the bird inside it. When the King heard this, he asked his nephew about it. The nephew explained that only those who did not receive royal rewards were spreading false stories. The King understood the truth and rewarded his nephew with a gold chain. Later. the King went to see the bird's school himself, and everyone welcomed him with music, prayers, and praise. 2 Several Al tools are available to support learning in classrooms and workplaces. Ahura tracks learning habits by monitoring attention and engagement. Knewton offers personalized learning experiences, while Querium provides step-by-step math tutoring and creates custom lesson plans. ALEKS designs individualized learning paths based on student strengths and weaknesses. Carnegie Learning focuses on improving math skills through personalized teaching. Smart Sparrow gives unique feedback to each student, and Gradescope automates grading, saving teachers time for other tasks. 3 Totto-chan arrives at her new school and notices the gate is made of two short posts with twigs and leaves, not like the usual concrete gates. She imagines the gate will grow taller than telephone poles. The sign for the school is crooked from the wind. When she looks closer, she sees that the school has railroad cars as classrooms, which seems like a dream to her. Totto-chan loves the school and says, "I like this school!" 4 a. Education helps us change our behaviour and improve our lives and society. True education is not only about getting good grades or certificates; it teaches us to use our knowledge and values in real life. One important part of education is civic engagement, which means working for the betterment of the community. Civically engaged people feel responsible for solving social problems and raising their voices against injustice. Civic engagement can include protesting unfair decisions, helping maintain public places, assisting children and elderly people, or joining community activities that help others. 4 b. Education plays a vital role in bringing about positive changes in human behavious. It helps us try to change our life as well as our society. Complete education not only illuminates our minds but also involves a learner to work for the community. The purpose of education is not getting grades and receiving certificates. The main objective of education is to make life better. Civic engagement of the learners is highly appreciated all over the world nowadays. A civically engaged person works to create a difference in the civic life taking action or raising voice against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills. 5 Folk music has great variety in Bangladesh. It is mainly composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers, rural life and revering life. These songs are about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. It is formed according to the environment. Differences in the natural environment are reflected in the people of the different regions. Thus, there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southern Baul songs. 6 Lalon Shah was a prominent figure in the Baul tradition of Bengal. He was known for his philosophical and mystical songs. He advocated for religious tolerance and rejected social divisions based on class, caste, and creed. Lalon believed that the search for truth begins with understanding the body and soul. He lived a life of devotion and asceticism, influenced by a Muslim fakir who cared for him. Lalon's teachings focused on self-realization through meditation (sadhana). His songs were sung by instruments like the ektara. They attracted many disciples, including famous figures like Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam. 7 a. Art is the expression of human creativity and imagination through activities like painting, drawing, and sculpture. It mainly creates feelings of beauty, but it can also show happiness, pain, or social problems. People all over the world value art because it touches emotions and refreshes the mind. In our country, art has a long tradition of folk forms such as pottery, nakshikantha, alpana, and painted earthen pots. Later, modern art started in Europe during the industrial revolution and used new styles and materials to show changes in society and human thinking. 7 b. The contribution of Zainul Abedin for establishing modern art in Bangladesh is unforgettable. He is known as shilpacharya. With the help of some colleagues, Zainul Abedin established an institute of art in Dhaka. A number of talented teachers and students contributed to the development of modern art. By maintaining a close contact with the traditional art, the artists were reflecting most recent trends and styles in their work such as expressionism and abstract expressionism. For his famine Sketches, Zainul Abedin had earned all-India fame. Besides his water colors, scroll paintings and drawings inspire our artists even today. The contributions of other prominent artists such as Qamrul Hasan, SM Sultan are mentionable. 8 a. S. M. Sultan was a famous Bangladeshi painter known for his simple but meaningful and philosophical art. He was born in 1923 in Jessore and lived a bohemian life, traveling to many places. Though he came from a poor family, his strong love for art helped him succeed. His family could not afford his education, but with special recommendation he studied at the Calcutta School of Arts for three years. He became widely known later in life after his exhibitions in Dhaka in 1976 and 1987. His paintings mainly showed nature and the hard-working people of Bangladesh and continue to inspire young painters today. 8 b. S.M. Sultan's art celebrated farmers, rural women, children, and animals. He portrayed muscular farmers with godlike physiques to symbolize their strength. Sultan cared little about preserving his works and focused more on ideas than legacy. He gained international recognition, with praise from top newspapers like The New York Times and The Guardian. Sultan received prestigious awards, including the Ekushey Padak and Swadhinata Padak cementing his legacy as a legendary Bangladeshi painter. 9 Novera Ahmed was the first modern sculptor in Bangladesh. She is often underappreciated and misrepresented, Novera was inspired by her mother's clay dolls and houses. She studied in London and Florence, blending Western ideas with folk traditions. Her sculptures focused on village life, folk motifs, and Buddhist themes. Novera developed a unique style that highlighted the experiences of women. 10 According to the medieval epic, Behula is a legendary folk heroine. She was the daughter of Sayven on the other hand Lakhindar was the youngest son of Chand Saodagar. She was married to Lakhindar. Manasa, the snake goddess, sent a snake to kill Lakhindar because of Chand Saodagar's boast. To protect his son from the Manasa, Chand built an iron chamber but it did not help him to save his son's life and at last the snake bit him. She (Behula) refused to accept her husband's death and set out on a hazardous journey to plead for her husband's life. Because of Behula's love for her husband, Manasa restored Lakkhindar and his brothers too. · 11 The Minotaur, a half-man, half-bull creature, terrorized Crete. King Minos asked Daedalus to build a maze to trap it Later, Minos imprisoned Daedalus and his son, Icarus, in the maze. Daedalus, knowing the maze's design, escaped with Icarus. Stranded on the island, Daedalus made wings from feathers and wax to fly away. He warned Icarus not to fly too high or too low. But Icarus flew too close to the sun, and his wings melted. He fell into the sea and drowned. Daedalus reached Sicily, sad for his son, and named the sea the Icarian Sea. · 12 According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir, a preacher of Islam, was credited with many miracles. Supposedly, he had power to calm dangerous animals and make them docile. Because of his alert and vigilant presence, all predatory animals were said to have been kept within bounds. It was also believed that he enabled villagers to live close to forests and cultivate their lands. His story is preserved in folk art and literature. Some Gazir paat scrolls are preserved in British Museum. · 13 Khona, originally Lila, was a wise woman in Bangla folklore who predicted the weather and understood farming. She shared her knowledge with farmers through simple rhyming verses called "Khona's Words." Her connection with the common people upset the rulers, who punished her by cutting out her tongue. She became known as Khona, meaning "the one who cannot speak." Despite this, her wisdom lived on in her sayings, passed down for over 1500 years. · 14 a. The July Uprising in Bangladesh (July-August 2024) began as a student protest for quota reform at Dhaka University. Government repression and loss of lives turned it into a nationwide movement. Sixteen years of public frustration from oppression, corruption, and rights abuses fueled the protests. Finally, people's collective action forced Sheikh Hasina to flee the country. · 14 b. In July 2024, students formed the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement and held nationwide protests. On July 7, the Bangla Blockade disrupted traffic. After Sheikh Hasina's mocking comment on July 14, protests grew stronger. On July 15-16, police and Chatra League attacked students, killing several, including Abu Sayed. Funerals were held, but some were violently dispersed. By July 18, more students joined, and the government shut down the internet. · 15 a. The passage narrates the dream of Martin Luther King Jr. He dreams that one day their nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. He hopes that their nation will come out from all injustice and oppression and their skin but by the content of their character. He hopes a state that will be free from all vicious race. enjoy the true meaning of freedom and justice. He also hopes that their people will not be judged by the color of skin. · 15 b. The speaker dreams of a future where there is equality and justice for everyone. He believes that with strong faith and hope, people can overcome despair and live in unity for faith, people will work, struggle, and stand together for freedom, believing that one day the like brothers. With this faith, become a great nation, this dream must come true. · 16 Wangari Maathai, the first African woman and environmentalist to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004, founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya. This nonprofit organization focuses on planting trees, environmental conservation. and women's rights. The movement started in 1986 and on planting entries. It aims to raise awareness about protecting the environment, improve women's lives, and the movement also promotes food security and shows the link between environmental damage and poverty. · 17 Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, but he did not know his exact age because there were no records. Most enslaved people were kept ignorant of their birthdates, unlike white children who knew theirs. Douglass felt unhappy about this lack of knowledge. He was not allowed to ask his master about it, as such questions were considered improper. He estimated his age based on his master's statement in 1835 that he was about 17 years old. · 18 Dream has a fascinating power for thousands of years. Dream includes any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. It can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague. According to the opinion of some researchers, dreams serve no real purpose while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. In fact, dreams represent some unconscious desire. · 19 The narrator feels anxious about the weather and the second half of the swim appears with difficulty. He utilizes his previous experiences to save time and energy upto the finishing line. Though he feels hungry, the manager apologizes and informs him that he (n) can create a new record if he (n) saves at least 10 minutes. The narrator understands that he is very close to a new world record from both sides. · 20 a. The passage describes about some girls who illuminated their village for their skill in the game of football. In our society, the boys and girls are not considered the same. The boys are thought to be an active and full of vigour whereas the girls are thought to be a lack of intelligence and energy. This false assumption has been changed now. Now the girls are showing their power in almost all areas of life. Some girls of Kalsindur village in Mymensingh district show an example by illuminating their own remote area through their skill of football game. In recognition of their success, the village was provided electricity by the government. · 20 b. The Kalsindur girls started playing football with almost nothing. They had no proper dress and suffered from poor health. Two teachers, Minati Rani Sheel and Mohammad Mafiz Uddin, noticed their interest and encouraged them. Though guardians were unsure at first, the teachers motivated them and supported the girls. With care and inspiration, the girls overcame difficulties and became successful, winning support from the villagers too. · · 21 a. Aristotle said humans are naturally social because they need companionship and support. We form relationships with family, friends, classmates, coworkers and even animals. These relationships give us love, care and emotional strength. Without them, people feel lonely and unhappy. To build good relationships, we need trust, respect and kindness, because sharing joy makes it bigger and sharing sorrow makes it lighter. 21 b. People have many kinds of relationships with family, friends, classmates, teachers, coworkers, animals and even favorite toys. These relationships keep us connected and give us love, care and support. Without relationships, a person feels lonely and sad. Sharing happiness makes it greater, and sharing sorrow makes it lighter. Therefore, relationships are important for our emotional well-being. · · 22 a. The writer went to an orphanage in the Carolina mountains to find quiet and fresh air and to work in a cabin nearby. He asked the orphanage to send someone to chop wood for him. One afternoon, he was surprised to see a small barefoot boy, about twelve years old, standing at the door with his dog. The boy quietly said he could chop wood for him. · · 22 b. The passage is about the glorification of the noble character of Jerry. At the orphanage, the honesty and integrity of an orphan boy caught the attention of the narrator. While he was chopping wood, the handle of the axe was broken down. By taking responsibility of his fault, he refused to take money from the narrator. But when he knew that the fault was in the wood of the handle, he then agreed to take money. Yet he was standing back of his own carelessness. Besides, he chose to do work carefully and took the responsibility without subterfuge. · · 23 It is raining, and the wet road shines with reflections of lights. We are taking shelter under a balcony. I hand Yingzi a letter to mail for me, and she offers to do it with the umbrella. As she crosses the road, a car screeches to a stop, and Yingzi falls onto the wet road. Despite it being spring, the moment feels like autumn. The simple act of mailing the letter stays in my memory forever. · · 24. a. The passage is about the transition period of the children from childhood to adulthood and its significance. Children have to pass through several stages to become adults. There are four stages. The first stage is infancy, then comes early childhood and later childhood and the final is adolescence. It is a very important and critical transitions in children's life. Adolescence is the period of human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before childhood. Because of being an important period for the adolescents, children have to face many difficulties to adjust it. Otherwise, they may go astray. For this, everyone remains aware of the health risks in this period. · · 24 b. Adolescence is the period after childhood and before adulthood, marked by rapid growth and change. It begins with puberty, which brings physical and biological changes. Although these changes happen everywhere, the length and nature of adolescence differ across cultures and societies. Over time, adolescence has changed due to factors like education, urban life, and global communication, leading to earlier puberty, later marriage, and different attitudes compared to earlier generations. · 25 a. Adolescent girls in Bangladesh face inequality in family and society. Early marriage forces many girls to leave school and makes them vulnerable to abuse and serious health risks during pregnancy. Because of poor knowledge about reproductive health, the death rate of adolescent mothers is higher than average. · 25 b. The passage upholds the physical and mental torture of a girl for her childhood marriage. In Bangladesh, a girl faces many social injustice and vices. Because of her early aged marriage, she drops out of school and work in her in- laws' house. She is deprived of basic knowledge like health issues. As a result, She is vulnerable to deadly diseases. On the other hand, the situation of adolescent boys is somewhat better. But still they are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities like drugs and alcohol. · 26 The passage is about the harmful effects of early marriage and how Shilpi manages to save herself from the risk of early pregnancy. After hearing the risks of pregnancy, Shilpi took her husband to the counsellor and her husband agreed to delay having children despite pressure from his parents and neighbours. They took the help of a parent peer. Eventually, her mother in law and neighbours understood the harmful effects of early pregnancy on mother and child. Now they support the couple and speak out against early marriage and pregnancy. · 27 Bullying often happens because students don't understand how harmful it is or because they are dealing with personal problems. Some bully others to feel powerful or release their frustrations. Many bullies were once victims themselves, creating a cycle of harm. Both bullies and victims face lasting problems: bullies may struggle with relationships, work environment, and mental health, while victims often feel depressed, anxious, lonely, or develop low self-esteem. Sometimes, victims become bullies, keeping the cycle going. · 28 The passage shows how two little girls with special needs investigated the reason and brought back normal behaviour among the victimized people. The wicked man's machine was unable to steal gestures. Hence, the girls remained polite and kind. Realizing the difference between them and other peoples they started investigation. They saw the machine capturing polite words and separating them into letters. The girl rewound the machine and it exploded. Then everyone became polite and respectful again. · 29 a. Meditation trains the mind for focus and calmness. Despite various types, all aim to quiet thoughts and improve attention. A simple method is sitting straight, focusing on your breath, and slowing your mind. Even one session can make a difference. Meditation also counters the constant distractions from smartphones and notifications, helping us reclaim mental clarity. · 29 b. A common mistake in meditation is worrying about doing it "right" or achieving mental silence. The mind is full of thoughts, but slowing down for a few seconds can help us feel more rested and clear. In meditation, we learn to let thoughts come and go without judging them. Meditation creates relaxing brain waves that help us feel calm. These waves are similar to those before sleep or after relaxing activities like taking a bath. · 30 a. This passage depicts spending money for different reasons and its results. It makes us happy or unhappy depending on how and why we spend. To spend money within our limit is good. Unnecessary spending has some bad effects. People who overspend are never satisfied. It may eventually create psychological problems. People are tempted to buy, use, or consume by salespersons' alluring words, attractive advertisements, and displays. In spite of having money, no one should waste money randomly. · 30 b. People spend money every day for different needs. Spending is good when we buy only what we need and stay within our limit. But overspending causes debt, stress, and family problems. People who always buy unnecessary of branded things become unhappy and addicted to spending, which may lead to psychological issues. · 30 c. People are often tempted to spend money unnecessarily due to the influence of shops and advertisements. Salespersons use sweet words to convince customers, but they should not be fooled by such talk. Overspending also happens in restaurants when people order more food than they should not be. Young people often use credit cards to buy things they cannot afford, which may lead to debt. Children also ask for costly items because their friends have them, creating pressure on parents. Therefore, before buying anything, we should think carefully and ask ourselves whether we truly need it or can live without it. · 31 The speaker feels very sad about Gaza. Everything there, from people to nature, seems to be in pain. They can't find any happy words to describe it. The sea is their only escape. Standing by the water, they dream of visiting places like Paris and Rome. even though they never leave. But the dream ends, and they return to the hard life in Gaza-crowded camps, dirty streets, bad smells, and quiet people who are suffering. · 32 a. Coleridge's poem emphasizes on the importance of drinking water. Water is a vital element in our life. We cannot survive without it. We know that two thirds of our body is made up of water. For this reason, it is said that the other name of water is life. The UN in a meeting on the eve of the new millennium identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. This challenge also marks an interrogation for Bangladesh. · 32 b. The passage depicts the importance of rivers in our way of life. Unfortunately, the rivers are not in a good shape now due to pollution. Human atrocities are mostly responsible for the miserable fate of river. A report about the deplorable condition of the Buriganga river is published by the Daily Sun; Once this river had a glorious past. The Mughals were marvelled at the tide level of the river Buriganga and they founded their capital Jahangirnagar on the bank of the river in 1610. The river Buriganga supplied drinking water and trade and commerce were run by the river. · 33 a. Greta Thunberg was an environmental activist. She learned about climate change at age eight and became very upset about the lack of action for climate change. In 2018, she started skipping school to protest outside the Swedish parliament with a sign saying "School Strike for Climate." Her movement, #Fridays for Future, inspired students worldwide to join her in demanding action on climate change. · 33 b. In March 2019, inspired by Greta, people worldwide joined the first Global Strike for Climate. Since her strike. Greta's life has been very busy. She gave speeches to politicians, appeared in documentaries, and was written about in books and articles. She was even nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize! In August 2019, Greta traveled from the UK to New York on a wind and solar-powered boat. Her powerful speech, "You have stolen my dreams and my childhood..." gained worldwide attention. Greta's influence on climate change is called "the Greta effect." · 34 The Nayaka people live in the jungles of southern India. When they encounter dangerous animals, like tigers or elephants, they talk to them peacefully, asking not to be harmed. One Nayaka was killed by an elephant known as "the elephant who always walks alone." The elephant became violent after losing its close friend, another elephant, who was shot by humans. The Nayaka people refused to help the government capture the elephant because they understood its anger and loneliness. The Nayakas believe animals can talk and that spirits live in nature, and this belief is called animism. · 35 Environmental Justice connects environmental care with social justice, emphasizing equality across race, gender, religion, nationality, and class. It unites environmentalism and human rights advocacy to address shared global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and species loss. The movement seeks fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens, promoting dignity and respect for all while building a sustainable future. · 36 Researchers should think like philosophers and understand human goals and needs. Doctors should find what people need to live. The author uses natural farming methods and avoids unnecessary work. Modern farming lacks vision and breaks nature into small parts. Farmers need to change methods every year because weather, soil, and insects always change. Nature is always moving and never stays the same.

Rules for Combining Sentences I. Using Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) Rule 1: Using and (adds similar ideas) Detached: She cooked dinner. She cleaned the house. Combined: She cooked dinner and cleaned the house. Detached: He opened the book. He began to read. Combined: He opened the book and began to read. Rule 2: Using but (contrast between ideas) Detached: He worked hard. He failed. Combined: He worked hard, but he failed. Detached: She is rich. She is not happy. Combined: She is rich, but not happy. Rule 3: Using or (gives choice) Detached: You can call me. You can email me. Combined: You can call me or email me. Detached: We must leave now. We must miss the bus. Combined: We must leave now, or miss the bus. Rule 4: Using nor (negative + negative) Detached: He didn’t speak. He didn’t smile. Combined: He neither spoke nor smiled. Detached: She never lied. She never cheated. Combined: She never lied, nor cheated. Rule 5: Using for (reason, like ‘because’) Detached: I stayed at home. It was raining. Combined: I stayed at home, for it was raining. Detached: He could not walk. He was very weak. Combined: He could not walk, for he was very weak. Rule 6: Using so (shows result) Detached: He was tired. He went to bed. Combined: He was tired, so he went to bed. Detached: It rained heavily. The match was canceled. Combined: It rained heavily, so the match was canceled. II. Using Subordinating Conjunctions Rule 7: Cause/Reason – because, since, as Detached: He was absent. He was ill. Combined: He was absent because he was ill. Detached: The match was stopped. It was raining. Combined: The match was stopped since it was raining. Rule 8: Concession/Contrast – although, though, even though Detached: He was tired. He continued working. Combined: Although he was tired, he continued working. Detached: She failed. She had worked hard. Combined: Though she had worked hard, she failed. Rule 9: Condition – if, unless, provided that Detached: You will succeed. You work hard. Combined: You will succeed if you work hard. Detached: He cannot enter. He has no ticket. Combined: He cannot enter unless he has a ticket. Rule 10: Time – when, while, after, before, until, as soon as Detached: I waited. The bus arrived. Combined: I waited until the bus arrived. Detached: She will call me. She arrives. Combined: She will call me as soon as she arrives. Rule 11: Place – where, wherever Detached: You may go. You like. Combined: You may go wherever you like. Detached: He follows me. I go. Combined: He follows me wherever I go. Rule 12: Purpose – so that, in order that Detached: He spoke loudly. Everyone could hear. Combined: He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear. Detached: She hurried. She might catch the train. Combined: She hurried in order that she might catch the train. Rule 13: Manner – as if, as though Detached: He talks. He knows everything. Combined: He talks as if he knows everything. Detached: She ran. She were chased. Combined: She ran as though she were chased. III. Relative Clauses Rule 14: Defining Relative Clause Detached: This is the boy. He won the prize. Combined: This is the boy who won the prize. Detached: I know the man. You met him. Combined: I know the man whom you met. Rule 15: Non-Defining Relative Clause (with commas) Detached: Dhaka is crowded. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Combined: Dhaka, which is the capital of Bangladesh, is crowded. Rule 16: Reduced Relative Clause Detached: The man is my uncle. The man is standing there. Combined: The man standing there is my uncle. Detached: The girl is my sister. She is singing. Combined: The girl singing is my sister. IV. Using Non-Finite Verb Forms Rule 17: Present Participle (-ing) Detached: He saw a snake. He ran away. Combined: Seeing a snake, he ran away. Detached: She heard the news. She fainted. Combined: Hearing the news, she fainted. Rule 18: Past Participle (V3) Detached: They were defeated in the game. They returned home. Combined: Defeated in the game, they returned home. Detached: The work was finished. They left the office. Combined: Finished with the work, they left the office. Rule 19: Perfect Participle (having + V3) Detached: He finished the work. He went home. Combined: Having finished the work, he went home. Detached: She had taken her meal. She went to bed. Combined: Having taken her meal, she went to bed. Rule 20: Infinitive (to + verb) Detached: He went abroad. He wanted to study. Combined: He went abroad to study. Detached: She works hard. She wants to succeed. Combined: She works hard to succeed. Rule 21: Gerund (-ing as noun) Detached: He loves novels. He reads novels. Combined: He loves reading novels. Detached: She hates cooking. She hates washing clothes. Combined: She hates cooking and washing clothes. V. Apposition & Noun Phrases Rule 22: Apposition Detached: Dhaka is crowded. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Combined: Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is crowded. Rule 23: Prepositional Phrase Detached: He is honest. He is poor. Combined: In spite of being poor, he is honest. Detached: She is weak. She works hard. Combined: In spite of being weak, she works hard. Rule 24: Noun Clause (as subject or object) Detached: He failed. It surprised everyone. Combined: That he failed surprised everyone. Detached: I don’t know. He will come. Combined: I don’t know whether he will come. VI. Using Punctuation Rule 25: Semicolon (;) – join related ideas Detached: He was tired. He went to bed. Combined: He was tired; he went to bed. Detached: It rained. We stayed indoors. Combined: It rained; we stayed indoors. Rule 26: Semicolon + Conjunctive Adverb Detached: He worked hard. He failed. Combined: He worked hard; however, he failed. Detached: She was angry. She remained calm. Combined: She was angry; nevertheless, she remained calm. Rule 27: Colon (:) – for explanation Detached: He had one dream. He wanted to become a doctor. Combined: He had one dream: to become a doctor. Detached: She bought three items. They were rice, milk, and sugar. Combined: She bought three items: rice, milk, and sugar. Rule 28: Dash (—) – for emphasis Detached: She gave him everything. She gave him her time, her love, her trust. Combined: She gave him everything—her time, her love, her trust. Detached: He needed one thing. He needed courage. Combined: He needed one thing—courage. Rule 29: Parentheses ( ) – extra info Detached: The city is now a metropolis. The city was once a small village. Combined: The city (once a small village) is now a metropolis. Rule 30: Comma + Coordinating Conjunction Detached: He tried hard. He failed. Combined: He tried hard, but he failed. Rule 31: Comma + Absolute Phrase Detached: The sun had set. We returned home. Combined: The sun having set, we returned home. VII. Using Conjunction Rule 32: Combining with “in order to / so that” (purpose) Description: Use in order to (formal) or so that (less formal) to show purpose. Detached: He studies hard. He wants to get a scholarship. Combined: He studies hard in order to get a scholarship. Detached: I spoke slowly. She could understand me. Combined: I spoke slowly so that she could understand me. Detached: We left early. We wanted to avoid traffic. Combined: We left early in order to avoid traffic. Rule 33: Combining with “because / since / as” (reason) Description: Use these conjunctions to show cause or reason. Detached: She stayed home. She was sick. Combined: She stayed home because she was sick. Detached: I took a taxi. I was late. Combined: I took a taxi since I was late. Detached: He could not play. He had a broken arm. Combined: He could not play as he had a broken arm. Rule 34: Combining with “although / though / even though” (contrast) Description: Use to show contrast between two ideas. Detached: It was raining. They went for a walk. Combined: They went for a walk although it was raining. Detached: He is poor. He is honest. Combined: He is honest though he is poor. Detached: She studied hard. She failed. Combined: She failed even though she studied hard. Rule 35: Combining with “while / whereas” (contrast of ideas) Description: Used to compare two opposite facts. Detached: He likes tea. She prefers coffee. Combined: He likes tea, whereas she prefers coffee. Detached: The north is cold. The south is warm. Combined: The north is cold, while the south is warm. Detached: Some students were sleeping. Others were reading. Combined: While some students were sleeping, others were reading. Rule 36: Combining with “if / unless” (condition) Description: Shows conditional relationship. Detached: Work hard. You will succeed. Combined: If you work hard, you will succeed. Detached: Don’t study. You won’t pass. Combined: Unless you study, you won’t pass. Detached: She hurries. She will miss the train. Combined: She will miss the train unless she hurries. Rule 37: Combining with “before / after / when / while” (time clauses) Description: Shows time relationship between actions. Detached: He finished homework. He went to bed. Combined: He went to bed after he finished his homework. Detached: She will come. The meeting will start. Combined: The meeting will start before she comes. Detached: I was cooking. The phone rang. Combined: The phone rang while I was cooking. Rule 38: Combining with “where / wherever” (place) Description: Indicates place. Detached: I saw him. It was in the park. Combined: I saw him where the park is. Detached: You go. I will follow you. Combined: I will follow you wherever you go. Detached: She lives. It is near the school. Combined: She lives where the school is. Rule 39: Combining with “so…that / such…that” Description: Used to show result. Detached: The box is heavy. I can’t lift it. Combined: The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it. Detached: He is a clever boy. He can solve any problem. Combined: He is such a clever boy that he can solve any problem. Detached: The tea is hot. I can’t drink it. Combined: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. Rule 40: Combining with “not only…but also” Description: To add emphasis on two related ideas. Detached: He is intelligent. He is hardworking. Combined: He is not only intelligent but also hardworking. Detached: She sings well. She dances beautifully. Combined: She not only sings well but also dances beautifully. Detached: He speaks English. He speaks French. Combined: He speaks not only English but also French. Rule 41: Combining with “both…and” Description: Shows equality of two ideas. Detached: He is tall. He is strong. Combined: He is both tall and strong. Detached: The boy is smart. The boy is polite. Combined: The boy is both smart and polite. Detached: She enjoys painting. She enjoys singing. Combined: She enjoys both painting and singing. Rule 42: Combining with “either…or / neither…nor” Description: Shows choice or negation. Detached: You can have tea. You can have coffee. Combined: You can have either tea or coffee. Detached: She didn’t sing. She didn’t dance. Combined: She did neither sing nor dance. Detached: He will come today. He will come tomorrow. Combined: He will come either today or tomorrow. Rule 43: Combining with “not…but / rather than” Description: Shows contrast in preference. Detached: He is not a teacher. He is a student. Combined: He is not a teacher but a student. Detached: I prefer tea. I don’t prefer coffee. Combined: I prefer tea rather than coffee. Detached: He wanted to walk. He did not want to ride. Combined: He wanted to walk rather than ride. VIII. Using More Techniques Rule 44: Combining with Apposition Description: Place one noun beside another to explain. Detached: Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka is very crowded. Combined: Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is very crowded. Detached: Rabindranath Tagore was a poet. He won the Nobel Prize. Combined: Rabindranath Tagore, a Nobel Prize-winning poet, wrote many songs. Detached: Cox’s Bazar is a tourist spot. It has the longest sea beach. Combined: Cox’s Bazar, a famous tourist spot, has the longest sea beach. Rule 45: Combining with Absolute Phrase Description: Add extra information without a full clause. Detached: The weather was fine. We went for a picnic. Combined: The weather being fine, we went for a picnic. Detached: The work was finished. He went home. Combined: The work finished, he went home. Detached: The sun having set. We returned home. Combined: The sun having set, we returned home. Rule 46: Combining with Infinitive Description: Use to + verb for purpose or connection. Detached: He went to London. He studied law. Combined: He went to London to study law. Detached: She called me. She asked for help. Combined: She called me to ask for help. Detached: He stopped. He drink water. Combined: He stopped to drink water. Rule 47: Combining with Participles Description: Present/Past participles reduce clauses. Detached: She saw a snake. She screamed. Combined: Seeing a snake, she screamed. Detached: The work was done. He left. Combined: The work done, he left. Detached: He opened the window. He looked outside. Combined: Opening the window, he looked outside. Rule 48: Combining with Relative Clause (who, which, that, whose, whom) Description: Add more information to nouns. Detached: I met a man. He is a doctor. Combined: I met a man who is a doctor. Detached: This is the book. You lent it to me. Combined: This is the book that you lent me. Detached: She is the girl. Her father is rich. Combined: She is the girl whose father is rich. Rule 49: Combining with Conditional Phrases (Had, Were, Should) Description: Formal/short conditional structures. Detached: If I had known the truth, I would have helped you. Combined: Had I known the truth, I would have helped you. Detached: If he were rich, he would travel the world. Combined: Were he rich, he would travel the world. Detached: If you need any help, call me. Combined: Should you need any help, call me. Rule 50: Combining with Comparative Structures (the…the) Description: Shows proportional change. Detached: You work hard. You succeed more. Combined: The harder you work, the more you succeed. Detached: He eats much. He becomes fat. Combined: The more he eats, the fatter he becomes. Detached: You practice more. You improve faster. Combined: The more you practice, the faster you improve. Rule 51: Combining with Correlative Conjunctions (as…as / so…as) Description: For equality or comparison. Detached: He is tall. His brother is tall too. Combined: He is as tall as his brother. Detached: She is not intelligent. Her sister is intelligent. Combined: She is not so intelligent as her sister. Detached: The house is big. The palace is big too. Combined: The house is as big as the palace. Rule 52: Combining with Prepositions + Noun/Pronoun Description: Use prepositional phrases to shorten. Detached: He spoke. He was full of anger. Combined: He spoke with anger. Detached: They met. It was during the night. Combined: They met at night. Detached: She works. It is in the morning. Combined: She works in the morning. Rule 53: Combining with Gerunds Description: Verb + -ing as subject/object. Detached: He likes football. He likes cricket. Combined: He likes playing football and cricket. Detached: She enjoys dancing. She enjoys singing. Combined: She enjoys dancing and singing. Detached: Reading is useful. Writing is useful. Combined: Reading and writing are useful. Rule 54: Combining with Ellipsis (omitting repeated words) Description: Remove repeated words. Detached: He can play football. He can play cricket. Combined: He can play football and cricket. Detached: I like tea. I like coffee. Combined: I like tea and coffee. Detached: She speaks English. She speaks French. Combined: She speaks English and French. Rule 55: Combining with Parallel Structure Description: Keep balanced form for clarity. Detached: He likes swimming. He likes running. Combined: He likes swimming and running. Detached: She wants to study. She wants to work. Combined: She wants to study and to work. Detached: He is honest. He is hardworking. Combined: He is honest and hardworking. Rule 56: Combining with Coordination of Adjectives/Adverbs Description: Use commas or “and.” Detached: The day was hot. The day was sunny. Combined: The day was hot and sunny. Detached: She spoke clearly. She spoke confidently. Combined: She spoke clearly and confidently. Detached: The boy is kind. The boy is polite. Combined: The boy is kind and polite. Rule 57: Combining with Colon (:) Description: Used for explanation, list, or elaboration. Detached: He has three hobbies. They are reading, writing, and painting. Combined: He has three hobbies: reading, writing, and painting. Detached: I know the truth. It is this. Combined: I know the truth: he lied. Detached: She gave me one gift. It was a book. Combined: She gave me one gift: a book. Rule 58: Combining with Semi-colon (;) Description: Links two closely related ideas. Detached: He is very rich. He is not happy. Combined: He is very rich; he is not happy. Detached: The rain stopped. We went outside. Combined: The rain stopped; we went outside. Detached: I have a meeting tomorrow. I cannot go with you. Combined: I have a meeting tomorrow; I cannot go with you. Rule 59: Combining with Dash (—) Description: Adds sudden explanation or extra info. Detached: I need one thing. That is honesty. Combined: I need one thing—honesty. Detached: He gave me a gift. It was unexpected. Combined: He gave me a gift—unexpected and wonderful. Detached: She has two problems. Lack of money and lack of time. Combined: She has two problems—lack of money and lack of time. Rule 60: Combining with Parentheses ( ) Description: To add extra, non-essential information. Detached: Dhaka is very crowded. It is the capital of Bangladesh. Combined: Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh) is very crowded. Detached: He will come tomorrow. At least, that’s what he said. Combined: He will come tomorrow (at least, that’s what he said). Detached: He gave me a pen. It was red. Combined: He gave me a pen (a red one). Rule 61: Combining with Adjectival Phrases Description: Replace a full clause with an adjective phrase. Detached: The man is kind. He is wearing a blue shirt. Combined: The man in a blue shirt is kind. Detached: The boy is smart. He has curly hair. Combined: The boy with curly hair is smart. Detached: The girl is happy. She has a sweet smile. Combined: The girl with a sweet smile is happy. Rule 62: Combining with Adverbial Phrases Description: Shorten time, place, or manner clauses. Detached: He came. It was in the morning. Combined: He came in the morning. Detached: She spoke. She spoke with confidence. Combined: She spoke with confidence. Detached: They waited. It was at the bus stop. Combined: They waited at the bus stop. Rule 63: Combining with Inversion Description: Rearrange for emphasis. Detached: He had never seen such a sight. It surprised him. Combined: Never had he seen such a sight, and it surprised him. Detached: She rarely goes out. She went yesterday. Combined: Rarely does she go out, but she went yesterday. Detached: He hardly spoke. He smiled. Combined: Hardly did he speak, but he smiled. Rule 64: Combining with “too…to” Description: Used to express impossibility. Detached: The bag is very heavy. I cannot carry it. Combined: The bag is too heavy to carry. Detached: He is very weak. He cannot walk. Combined: He is too weak to walk. Detached: She was very tired. She could not continue. Combined: She was too tired to continue. Rule 65: Combining with “enough to” Description: Shows sufficiency. Detached: He is very strong. He can lift the box. Combined: He is strong enough to lift the box. Detached: She is very clever. She can solve the puzzle. Combined: She is clever enough to solve the puzzle. Detached: The room is very big. It can hold 50 people. Combined: The room is big enough to hold 50 people. Rule 66: Combining with “as if / as though” Description: Expresses comparison or imagination. Detached: He speaks. He is a leader. Combined: He speaks as if he were a leader. Detached: She cried. She had lost everything. Combined: She cried as though she had lost everything. Detached: He walks. He owns the place. Combined: He walks as if he owns the place. Rule 67: Combining with “because of / due to / owing to” Description: Show cause using phrases. Detached: He was absent. He was ill. Combined: He was absent because of illness. Detached: The flight was delayed. There was heavy rain. Combined: The flight was delayed due to heavy rain. Detached: The match was cancelled. There was a storm. Combined: The match was cancelled owing to the storm. Rule 68: Combining with “with / without” Description: Using prepositions for conditions. Detached: He succeeded. He had hard work. Combined: He succeeded with hard work. Detached: She failed. She had no effort. Combined: She failed without effort. Detached: We cannot live. We have no air. Combined: We cannot live without air. Rule 69: Combining with Reported Speech Description: Turn direct speech into indirect. Detached: He said, “I am tired.” He sat down. Combined: He said that he was tired and sat down. Detached: She said, “I will come tomorrow.” She left. Combined: She said that she would come tomorrow and left. Detached: They said, “We are playing.” They laughed. Combined: They said that they were playing and laughed. Rule 70: Combining with Questions into Statements Description: Change a question clause into noun clause. Detached: Where does he live? I don’t know. Combined: I don’t know where he lives. Detached: What is his name? Can you tell me? Combined: Can you tell me what his name is? Detached: Why was she crying? I wonder. Combined: I wonder why she was crying. Rule 71: Combining with Exclamatory Sentences Description: Change exclamation into a clause. Detached: What a beautiful flower it is! Everyone admired it. Combined: Everyone admired how beautiful the flower was. Detached: How fast he runs! We were surprised. Combined: We were surprised at how fast he runs. Detached: What a great man he is! People respect him. Combined: People respect him for what a great man he is. Rule 72: Combining with Nominal Clauses Description: Whole sentence works as noun clause. Detached: He will pass. I am sure of this. Combined: I am sure that he will pass. Detached: She is honest. Everyone knows this. Combined: Everyone knows that she is honest. Detached: He can solve it. I believe this. Combined: I believe that he can solve it. Rule 73: Combining with Reduced Clauses Description: Drop subject/verb if same as main clause. Detached: When I saw him, I greeted him. Combined: Seeing him, I greeted him. Detached: Since he was tired, he went to bed. Combined: Being tired, he went to bed. Detached: Because she was ill, she stayed home. Combined: Being ill, she stayed home. Rule 74: Combining with “having + past participle” Description: Perfect participle for sequence of actions. Detached: He finished the work. Then he went home. Combined: Having finished the work, he went home. Detached: She had eaten. Then she left. Combined: Having eaten, she left. Detached: They had completed the project. Then they celebrated. Combined: Having completed the project, they celebrated. Rule 75: Combining with Absolute Construction Description: Noun + participle phrase gives background info. Detached: The teacher entered the class. The students stood up. Combined: The teacher entering the class, the students stood up. Detached: The bell rang. The boys rushed out. Combined: The bell ringing, the boys rushed out. Detached: The meeting was over. Everyone left. Combined: The meeting being over, everyone left. Rule 76: Combining with “No sooner…than” Description: Shows immediate sequence. Detached: He reached the station. The train left. Combined: No sooner had he reached the station than the train left. Detached: She entered the class. The students stood up. Combined: No sooner had she entered the class than the students stood up. Detached: The rain started. We went inside. Combined: No sooner had the rain started than we went inside. Rule 77: Combining with “Hardly/Scarcely…when” Description: Another immediate sequence form. Detached: He closed the door. Someone knocked. Combined: Hardly had he closed the door when someone knocked. Detached: She finished eating. She went to bed. Combined: Scarcely had she finished eating when she went to bed. Detached: He reached home. It began to rain. Combined: Hardly had he reached home when it began to rain. Rule 78: Combining with “As soon as” Description: Shows immediacy in simple style. Detached: He saw me. He smiled. Combined: He smiled as soon as he saw me. Detached: She heard the news. She cried. Combined: She cried as soon as she heard the news. Detached: The bell rang. The boys ran out. Combined: The boys ran out as soon as the bell rang. Rule 79: Combining with “By the time” Description: Indicates something already happened before another action. Detached: He arrived. The train had left. Combined: By the time he arrived, the train had left. Detached: She came. The movie had started. Combined: By the time she came, the movie had started. Detached: They reached the hall. The speech was over. Combined: By the time they reached the hall, the speech was over. Rule 80: Combining with “Until/Till” Description: Denotes continuation up to a point. Detached: He waited. She arrived. Combined: He waited until she arrived. Detached: We shall stay here. The rain stops. Combined: We shall stay here till the rain stops. Detached: He worked. It was midnight. Combined: He worked until midnight. Rule 81: Combining with “Whenever / Wherever / However” Description: Generalizing time, place, manner. Detached: He goes to London. He visits me. Combined: Whenever he goes to London, he visits me. Detached: You go. I will follow. Combined: Wherever you go, I will follow. Detached: She speaks. She speaks politely. Combined: She speaks however she likes. Rule 82: Combining with “Though / Although / Even though” Description: Expresses contrast. Detached: He is poor. He is honest. Combined: He is honest though he is poor. Detached: Although it rained, they played cricket. They got wet. Combined: Although it rained, they played cricket and got wet. Detached: He was tired. He kept working. Combined: He kept working even though he was tired. Rule 83: Combining with “In spite of / Despite” Description: Contrast in phrase form. Detached: He is poor. He is happy. Combined: He is happy in spite of being poor. Detached: It was raining. They went out. Combined: They went out despite the rain. Detached: She failed. She tried again. Combined: She tried again in spite of failure. Rule 84: Combining with “Rather than” Description: Preference. Detached: He will play football. He will not play cricket. Combined: He will play football rather than cricket. Detached: She prefers tea. She does not prefer coffee. Combined: She prefers tea rather than coffee. Detached: He walked. He did not wait for the bus. Combined: He walked rather than wait for the bus. Rule 85: Combining with “Instead of” Description: Substitution. Detached: He played. He did not study. Combined: He played instead of studying. Detached: She went to a park. She did not go to school. Combined: She went to a park instead of school. Detached: He watched TV. He did not read books. Combined: He watched TV instead of reading books. Rule 86: Combining with “Besides / In addition to” Description: Adding extra info. Detached: He reads. He writes. Combined: Besides reading, he writes. Detached: She sings. She dances too. Combined: She sings in addition to dancing. Detached: They bought apples. They bought oranges too. Combined: They bought apples besides oranges. Rule 87: Combining with “As well as” Description: To join two subjects/objects. Detached: He speaks English. He speaks French. Combined: He speaks English as well as French. Detached: She writes stories. She writes poems. Combined: She writes stories as well as poems. Detached: He reads books. He watches movies. Combined: He reads books as well as watches movies. Rule 88: Combining with “Not only…but also” Description: Stronger emphasis on addition. Detached: He is intelligent. He is hardworking. Combined: He is not only intelligent but also hardworking. Detached: She sings well. She dances well too. Combined: She not only sings well but also dances well. Detached: They visited Dhaka. They visited Chattogram too. Combined: They visited not only Dhaka but also Chattogram. Rule 89: Combining with “Either…or” Description: Shows choice. Detached: You may come today. You may come tomorrow. Combined: You may come either today or tomorrow. Detached: He will read a story. He will read a poem. Combined: He will read either a story or a poem. Detached: We can go by bus. We can go by train. Combined: We can go either by bus or by train. Rule 90: Combining with “Neither…nor” Description: Negative choice. Detached: He does not read. He does not write. Combined: He reads neither books nor writes stories. Detached: She did not sing. She did not dance. Combined: She did neither sing nor dance. Detached: They did not go to Dhaka. They did not go to Khulna. Combined: They went to neither Dhaka nor Khulna. Rule 91: Combining with “Both…and” Description: Inclusion of two. Detached: He is brave. He is honest. Combined: He is both brave and honest. Detached: She speaks English. She speaks Spanish. Combined: She speaks both English and Spanish. Detached: They bought rice. They bought flour. Combined: They bought both rice and flour. Rule 92: Combining with “Whether…or” Description: Shows doubt/uncertainty. Detached: He will come. He will not come. Combined: I don’t know whether he will come or not. Detached: She is guilty. She is innocent. Combined: We are not sure whether she is guilty or innocent. Detached: They will stay. They will leave. Combined: I wonder whether they will stay or leave. Rule 93: Combining with “So…that” Description: Shows cause-result intensity. Detached: He was very tired. He could not walk. Combined: He was so tired that he could not walk. Detached: She was very busy. She had no time to rest. Combined: She was so busy that she had no time to rest. Detached: The box was very heavy. I could not lift it. Combined: The box was so heavy that I could not lift it. Rule 94: Combining with “Such…that” Description: Similar to Rule 93 but with noun. Detached: It was a great mistake. Everyone noticed it. Combined: It was such a great mistake that everyone noticed it. Detached: She told an interesting story. We all enjoyed it. Combined: She told such an interesting story that we all enjoyed it. Detached: He made a foolish plan. It failed. Combined: He made such a foolish plan that it failed. Rule 95: Combining with “In order that / So that” Description: Shows purpose. Detached: He worked hard. He might succeed. Combined: He worked hard so that he might succeed. Detached: She studied well. She could pass the exam. Combined: She studied well in order that she could pass the exam. Detached: He hurried. He might catch the train. Combined: He hurried so that he might catch the train. Rule 96: Combining with “As much as / As many as” Description: For quantity comparison. Detached: He has ten books. I have ten books. Combined: He has as many books as I have. Detached: She earns five thousand. He earns five thousand too. Combined: She earns as much as he earns. Detached: I spent 500 taka. You spent 500 taka. Combined: I spent as much money as you. Rule 97: Combining with “Provided that / As long as” Description: Expresses condition. Detached: You work hard. You will succeed. Combined: You will succeed provided that you work hard. Detached: She helps me. I will help her. Combined: I will help her as long as she helps me. Detached: He pays the fee. He can enter the exam. Combined: He can enter the exam provided that he pays the fee. Rule 98: Combining with “So long as / Unless” Description: Conditional negatives. Detached: You obey me. I will support you. Combined: I will support you so long as you obey me. Detached: He does not study. He will not pass. Combined: He will not pass unless he studies. Detached: She does not work hard. She will fail. Combined: She will fail unless she works hard. Rule 99: Combining with “So as to / In order to” Description: Shows purpose in phrase form. Detached: He came. He wanted to see me. Combined: He came to see me. Detached: She went to Dhaka. She wanted to attend a meeting. Combined: She went to Dhaka in order to attend a meeting. Detached: He hurried. He wanted to catch the bus. Combined: He hurried so as to catch the bus. Rule 100: Combining with Absolute Noun Phrases (without verb) Description: Using a noun phrase for condition/background. Detached: The weather was fine. We went for a walk. Combined: The weather fine, we went for a walk. Detached: The work finished. They celebrated. Combined: The work finished, they celebrated. Detached: His duty done. He went home. Combined: His duty done, he went home.

Seen Comprehensions - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today Seen Passages for HSC Examination 35% of school students experience bullying in Bangladesh- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A craftwork is an applied form of art - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A most important truth / A teacher can never truly teach unless - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A Mother in Mannville / The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC A vast mangrove forest shared by Bangladesh and India - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Accessibility to higher education - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC According to a detailed study of the 54 Large / Greater Common Good - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Adolescents constitute a nation’s core resource - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC After the Assembly’s session was prorogued, the people of this country - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC AI in The Classroom / Artificial intelligence has the potential - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Art is generally understood as an expression of human imagination - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Artificial intelligence - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC As a child you must have been told to greet - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HS Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland water resources / Hakaluki Haor - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Before researchers become researchers / Limits of the Scientific Method - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Behula is a legendary folk heroine - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC British-Bangladeshis, also known as British-Bengalis - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Brojen Das: On Conquering the English Channel - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC But when we go to borrow help from a foreign neighbourhood - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Butterfly Forever / IT IS RAINING - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Children must pass through several stages in their lives - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Children's right to education also implies that the school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Coal Miners / Sharing the Earth is a collection - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Coleridge’s poem a ballad, narrate harrowing sea-voyage of an old mariner - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Conflict can be described as a disagreement among groups - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage Consumerism / We spend money tor different reasons- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Cyber bullying /The situation is commonly known as cyber bullying- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Dreams have fascinated philosophers - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Education aims to bring about positive changes - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Everyone has the right to a standard of living - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Folk music consists of songs and music of a community - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage Food and Culture / Our Bengali meals consist of live flavors of food bitter- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Frederick Douglass / Narrative of the Life - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Gazi Pir /According to some myths and legends, Gazi Pir was - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Greta Thunberg is an environmental activist / The Greta Effect - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Have you heard of Superman - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Hercules was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC I am in a tiny steel cage attached to a motorcycle - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage I caught sight of her at the play - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Icarus / On the island of Crete - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC In a traditional society like ours, little boys and girls - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC In the Bengali language there is a modern maxim - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Kalpana Chawla was born in Karnal, India - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Khona / The mystery that connects seasons - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Lalon Shah is best known as an icon of the Baul tradition - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Leela Nag / While Leela Nag made headlines during the 1947 Partition - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Like many other South Asian countries / Sexual Harassment in Public - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Manned Mission to Mars / Nanomedicine - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Man's intellect has a natural pride in its own aristocracy - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Many educators believe that - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Marie Curie / Marie Curie nee Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Migration from Bangladesh to Britain - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC My name is Amerigo - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Nelson Mandela’s statement / I am the First Accused. - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Nishat Mazumder, a Bangladeshi woman i - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Novera Ahmed / Novera Ahmed was the pioneer of modern sculpting - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Once there was a bird - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC One of the historical landmarks of Sonargaon / Panam Nagar - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers / Buriganga - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Sheikh Mohammed Sultan / S M Sultan - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Stories From Gaza / I want to write the most beautiful words about Gaza- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Tertiary education in Bangladesh comprises two categories - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Assembly has been called into session - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Burning Issue of Bullying / Bullying typically refers to deliberate - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The history of Bengal is the history of a people - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Negro is still not free...the life of the Negro - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The New School / When she saw the gate of the new school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The orphanage is high in the Carolina mountains - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Parrot’s Tale / Once upon a time there lived a bird - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The persona of a traffic police man - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The Story of Shilpi - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The success of Kalsindur girls - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The term 'diaspora' is used to refer to people - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC The first peace movement appeared in 1815-1816 - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Training the mind / Instant vacations: Getting there through meditation- Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Universities should never be made into mechanical organizations - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village Maslennikovo - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Wangari Maathai / We have a special responsibility - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Water, water, every where - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC What is Environmental Justice? / When an explosion in the Union Carbide - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC When you are in the driving seat of a car - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC While art is considered intuitive and visionary / Craft - Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Ad

Rearranging for SSC English 1st Paper-4.0 Please scroll to the last of questions to get the answers 1. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [D. B. 2020; Ctg. B. 2019; Syl. B. 2017 (a) In the evening, a lion entered the cave. (b) One day, he fled from his master's house and took shelter in a cave. (c) Once upon a time, there lived a young man named Androcles. (d) He came near Androcles and lifted his paw. (e) He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man in another country. (f) The lion seemed wounded as he was groaning. (g) His master was very bad and inflicted heavy torture on him. (h) He took the lion's paw in his hand and removed a big thorn from it. The lion was relieved of his pain. 2. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. (a) The king asked him why he was making such a small boat. (b) Napoleon, the king of France, was a great hero. (c) One day, he was walking along the seashore. (d) He won many battles and conquered many countries of Europe. (e) The boy said, "I shall cross the sea and go my home." (f) Suddenly, he noticed a wonderful thing. (g) The boy was brought before him. h) An English boy was making a small boat. 3. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [R. B. 2020; D. B., C. B. 2017 (a) Penicillin is the life-saving medicine. (b) He passed his boyhood with his parents. (c) It was discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming. (d) He was the seventh of the eight brothers and sisters. (e) He was never absent from school up to the age of twelve. (f) He was sent to London at the age of fourteen for higher study. (g) Fleming was born into a poor family in Scotland. (h) Fleming was a very regular and attentive student. 4. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [Din. B. 2020; Syl. B. 2019 (a) But his heart was not in medicine and he felt that he was born to be a poet. (b) This great poet met a premature death on February 23, 1821. (c) Finally, he abandoned surgery for literature. (d) John Keats was born on October 31, 1795. (e) He lost his father in 1804 and his mother in 1810. (f) His finest poems like 'Ode to a Nightingale', 'Ode on a Grecian Urn', etc. were published in 1820. (g) In 1811, Keats became an apprentice to a surgeon at Edmonton. (h) He was the eldest son of his parents. 5. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [J. B. 2020 (a) They got mony made a shelter in a makeshift house and started making 'Nakshi Kantha' with new and old clothes and thread of different colours. (b) Yet Nur Banu did not become frustrated and inspired her husband to stand against all odds. (c) Her husband was a farmer and they had everything but they became helpless. (d) As Nur Banu was good at art in her early age, she could make wonderful design in her Kanthas. (e) A few years back, Nur Banu lost everything for the river erosion. (f) Her husband sold them in the market and became solvent. (g) She together with her husband worked hard and made a lot of Kanthas. (h) She had an ornament made of gold and she gave it to her husband to sell it. 6. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written [C. B. 2020] (a) "I am not playing. I have already gone through these pages." (b) His father was passing by. (c) From his. boyhood, he was a very meritorious s boy. (d) He at once entered the room and said, "0 my boy, don't play with your book." (e) His father, Kazi Wazed Ali, was a renowned pleader in the Barishal Bar. (f) One day, the boy Fazlul Huq was reading in his study room. (g) He saw Fazlul Huq reading his lessons and tearing off the pages of his book. one after another. (h) The great leader of the country whom we love and admire is Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq. 7. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story–Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [Ctg. B. 2020; J. B. 2016] (a) The dog was cured. (b) He found a mad dog and injected some weak germs of its diseases into blood. (c) One day, a boy named Joseph Meister was brought to Pasteur. (d) He had been bitten by a mad dog. (e) Pasteur was a French scientist. (f) Pasteur gave him some injections and the boy did not get dog's disease. (g) He discovered that many diseases are caused by germs and he also found cures for several of them. (h) At first, he treated only animals because he did not want to cause the death of any human being. 8. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [Syl. B. 2020;. B. B. 2019; B. 2015] (a) Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942. (b) In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. (c) For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. (d) Mandela died at his home in Johannesburg on December 5, 2013 at the age of 95. (e) In 1993, South African President F.W. de lUerk was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. (f) In 2009, Mandela's birthday was declared 'Mandela Day' to promote global peace. (g) Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in South Africa. (h) In 1994, Mandela was elected as South Africa's first black President. 9. Put the following -parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [B. B. 2020] (a) On the way, people were showing due respect to the statue of the goddess. (b) So, feeling proud, the donkey started to bray in joy. (c) Once a statue of goddess was being taken to the town placing on the back of a donkey. (d) Then the driver of the donkey became very angry. (e) Saying this, he started beating the donkey with his stick. (f) Seeing this, the donkey thought that people were showing him honour. (g) He said, ''You wretched, do you think people show you this respect? Such a bad day for man will never come." (h) Moreover, it refused to move even a step. 10. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. [D. B. 2019] (a) Shamim got a lease of land in his village. (b) Shamim's lot has changed radically., (c) Poverty forced him to look for work. (d) He has also been raising hybrid cows for milk as well as to produce manure. (e) Shamim was an unemployed youth of an impoverished family. (f) Then he joined the training programme of youth development and received training in vegetable cultivation. (g) He is now very happy to be a self-sufficient man. (h) He applied his new and improved knowledge for cultivating vegetables. 11. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of sentences need to be written. R. B. 19 (a) Suddenly, he stopped one of the guests. (b) The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast. (c) He spoke so strangely that the guests stood still and listened to the story. (d) He saw people walking past him. (e) The old man told him about his last journey. (t) The old sailor sat on a stone outside the church. (g) He had a strange mad look in his eyes. (h) "There was a ship," the old sailor began. 12. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [Din. B. 2019 (a) The dog dropped the bone and barked at the crow. (b) One of them started pecking to dog's tail. (c) Both the crows went near the dog. (d) Once a dog was eating a bony piece of meat sitting under a tree. (e) The dog not only felt disturbed but also became angry. (f) It flew away and after some time returned with another crow. (g) A crow saw him and wished to eat that. (h) In the meantime, the other crow flew away with the bone. 13. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story.[J. B. 2019; Din. B. 2016] (a) The merchant sold him to a rich man in another country. (b) To escape torture, he one day fled from his master's house. (c) Once there lived a young man named Androcles. (d) Unfortunately, he was caught by a slave merchant. (e) He took shelter in a cave. (f) He used to inflict heavy torture on him. (g) It was unbearable for him. (h) The man was very rude and cruel. 14. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story.[C. B. 2019; Ctg B. 2017] (a) The old woman felt pity for him and quickly gave Taimur a full dish of food. (b) Then he disguised himself as a poor traveller and supported himself by begging. (c) As a result, he burnt his fingers. (d) He came to a house and asked an old woman to give him something to eat. (e) Once young Taimur attacked a province but unfortunately his soldiers were all killed. (f) The food was very hot. (g) One day, he became very hungry and could not get anything to eat. (h) He hurriedly dug his fingers right at the middle of the dish. 15. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [SSC Examination-2018] (a) He made his first appearance in literature by writing "Liza of Lambeth", a realistic study on the life of low neighbourhood in London. (b) Some of his well-known plays are Mrs. Cardilac, Lady Frederick and so on. (c) He was born in Paris in 1874. (d) This brought for him a good name. (e) He wrote a few other novels too. (f) William Somerset Maugham was one of the greatest short story writers of modern time. (g) Despite being a doctor, he gave up medicine for literature because of having no charm. (h) Then he took to writing plays. 16. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [R. B. 2017] (a) The king followed the advice of the physician and became slim and fully cured. (b) He, advised the king to move a heavy club in the air till he got tired. (c) He did not undergo physical labour. (d) The doctor was very wise. (e) He became bulky and could not move or do anything. (f) Once there was an idle king. (g) He did not prescribe any medicine. (h) He called in a doctor. 17. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story.[Din. B. 2017]. (a) He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. (b) In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of Secondary Education Board. (c) He has a great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. (d) At the age of six, he was admitted in a Furkania Madrasa and then in an. English school. (e) Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda was born in Birbhum district of West Bengal in 1900. (f) In 1925, he passed MSc in Chemistry from Kolkata University and in 1929, he passed DSc from Imperial College in England. (g) He died on 3 November 1977.' (h) His father Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit was a pious man and his mother Fashiha Khatun was also a pious woman. 18. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [J. B. 2017] (a) On the completion of his house educations, he was sent to school, but did not like institutional education. (b) In 1911, he translated his poems 'Gitanjali' into English. (c) He was given a Knight by the British Government in 1914 but he rejected it as a protest against the atrocities of the British Government. (d) Rabindranath Tagore, one of the most leading poets in the history of world literature, was born into the renowned Tagore family in March 186 1. (e) He was sent to London to study Law but he studied literature with Professor Henry Morley for a few months and then returned home. (f) It brought him the highest honour in the form of Nobel Prize in 1913. (g). At the age of eighty, he breathed his last. (h) In his twentieth year, Rabindranath along with his. father went to the Himalayas. 19. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [B. B. 2017] (a) He had no much education. (b) He ascended the throne of Delhi at the age of thirteen. (c) His full name was Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. (d) He was skilled in warfare. (e) Akbar was born in 1542 at Amarkot in Sind. (f) The battle of Second Panipath took place in 1556 and he won the battle. (g) When he was born, his father Humayun lost the throne of Delhi. (h) He was the grandson of Babar. 20. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [D. B. 2016 (a) When asked, the youngest daughter said, "Nothing.'' (b) But first, he wanted to know how much they loved him. (c) Being pleased, Lear gave each of them a third of his kingdom. (d) His eldest daughter declared, "Sir, I love you more than I can say." (e) Long ago, there was a mighty old king of England named Lear who wanted to divide his kingdom among his three daughters. (f) At first, Lear asked his eldest daughter, "How much do you love me?" (g) When asked, his second daughter said, "My love for you shall never change." (h) Lear was shocked and said, "Nothing will come of nothing." 21. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [R. B. 2016] a) But water was at the bottom and out of its reach. b) It flew from one place to another in search of water. c) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. d) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. e) It took some pebbles and then it dropped them into the jar. f) Then it hit upon a plan. (g) At last, it found a jar in a garden. (h) When the water came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank and quenched its thirst. 22. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [C. B. 2016] (a) She saw a box marked half a crown and considered that the box would be the most (b) appropriate gift for him. (b The princess had a fixed allowance for pocket money and she was not permitted to exceed it. (c) But her governess said, "No, you see the princess has not the money and so, of course, she cannot buy the box." (d) Queen Victoria was taught economical habits by her governess when she was a little girl. (e) Once at a market at Wales, she spent all her money in buying a number of presents for relatives and friends. (f) The people in shop wanted to enclose the box with the other articles. (g) But alas! She had no money. (h) As she was leaving, she remembered another.cousin for whom she did not buy any present. 23. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Ctg. B. 16 (a) He told her that if she could bring a handful of mustard seed from a house where nobody had died, her son would be alive again. (b) She requested Buddha to bring her dead son back to life again. (c) Buddha told her that death is inevitable to everybody and it was not possible to bring back her dead son's life. d) One day, a woman came to Buddha with her dead son. e) She returned to Buddha with a broken heart and told him everything. f) The sorrowful mother went from door to door but failed to collect the mustard seed. g) Buddha realized the emotion and sorrow of the mother. h) In every house, she saw that death had shown its cruel face. 24. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Syl. B. 2016 (a) The guests praised the king. (b) People praised him more than their king. (c) The name of that man was Hatem Tai. (d) But the guests praised Hatem Tai also. (e) Long long ago, there lived a very kind and generous man in Yemen. (f) One day, the king gave a dinner. (g) He was not rich but very hospitable. (h) So,the king felt happy and proud. 25. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story.B. B. 16 (a) Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked and assured the woman of providing her with food. (b) She also explained that she was boiling water in a pot only to console her children. (c) He instantly went to the godown and carried a sack of food himself for that woman and her children to that cottage. (d). Hazrat Omar (R) used to go out to see the condition of his subjects with his own eves at dead of night. (e) He asked the woman of that cottage about the cause of crying of her children. (f) One night, he was passing by a cottage: (g) The woman explained that the children were crying for food as they were starving for two days. (h) He heard that children were crying. 26. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [D. B. 2015] (a) She asked Bayazid to give her a glass of water, but he could not find any water in the pitcher. (b) Once Hazrat Bayazid.Bustami came home to see his ailing mother. (c) But she again fell asleep. (d) So, he went to the well quite far from their house. (e) She woke up some hours later. (f) fie filled the pitcher, came back and went to his mother with a glass of water. (g) As he was still standing by her bed, his mother drank the glass of water and blessed him from the core of heart. (h) He, instead of waking her up, stood by her bed with the glass of water in his hand. 27. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [R. B. 2015] (a) HE graduated from the Govt. School of Art in Kolkata. (b) He is recognized as the most valuable painter of Bangladesh. (c) He died of lungs cancer. (d) Zainul Abedin was born in 1914 in Kishoreganj. (e) Still now, he is referred with great respect as Shilpacharya in Bangladesh. (f) He is also the pioneer of Bangladeshi modern art. (g) He was also appointed as a teacher there. (h) He is highly admired for his 'Bengal Famine Sketches'. 28. Put the following . parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. B. 2015] (a) He took part in the revolt against King Edward I of England for the independence of his country. (b) But his army was defeated again and again. (c) Robert Bruce was the king d Scotland. (d) He led an expedition against England, overthrew the English army and secured the independence of Scotland. (e) It fell down time and again but it did not give up its attempts. At 'its seventh attempt, it was successful in reaching the top. (f) He noticed a spider trying to reach the top of the steep wall of the cave. (g) Being defeated for six times, he lost all hopes and fled away to save his life. One day he was lying in a cave in the forest. (h) Bruce got back his hope at that incident, took courage and gathered his soldiers together. 29. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. J. B. 2015 (a) He fell fast asleep there but a great noise woke him up. (b) It was crying for pain in his leg. (c) Androcles was very much afraid and he felt sure that the beast would kill him. (d) A lion had entered the cave roaring loudly. (e) He went to the lion. (f) Then he removed a thorn from the lion's paws. (g) Soon, he realised that the lion was not angry. (h) Once Androcles fled away from his masters house and hid himself in a forest. 30. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. [C. B. 2015] (a) The first friend climbed a tree but the later could not climb. (b) Suddenly, a bear came there. (c) Once upon a time, two friends were passing by a forest. (d) They were talking about their love for each other. (e) Finding no other way, the later one laid down on the ground and feigned death. (f) The bear smelt his ears, nose and face. (g) Then the bear went away. (h) He thought him to be dead. 31. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole sto Ctg. B. 14 (a) He had only one son named Sindbad. (b) Soon, he fell in economic difficulty. (c) At last, one of his father's friends helped him start a business and being successful in it, he became rich again. (d) He went to his friends and relatives for help but none helped him. (e) Sindbad's father died when he was only sixteen. (f) Sindbad, having inherited all his father's vast wealth, many of his relatives and friends gathered round Sindbad to look after him. (g) Sindbad, a young and inexperienced boy, spent money extravagantly for his relatives and friends. (h) Long long ago, there lived a rich man. 32. Put the following parts of the story 'in correct order to make the whole story. [B. B.'2015] (a) He was alone in this world. (b) One day, this old man became ill and tried to go to a doctor. (c) So, he was unable to maintain his livelihood happily. (d) Once there lived a poor arid old, man in a certain village. (e) To see him in this .condition, a school-going boy came forward and took him to the nearest hospital. (f) But he never begged to support himself in the midst of much hardship. (g) He could not move easily and fell down on the ground. (h) He had no land of his own. 33. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to.make the whole story. (a) She wanted freedom for the nation. (b) She extended her co-operative hands towards Surja Sen. (c) Unfortunately, she killed herself to avoid arrest. (d) She was a true patriot. (e) She was a meritorious student. (f) She proved that women can work like men. (g) Pritilata was born iii Chattogram on 5 May 1911. (h) She graduated in philosophy from Bathune College in Kolkata. 34. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) He was fond of adventures, music and jatra party. (b) He lost his father in his childhood. (c) He spent his early life in great hardship. (d) Nazrul Islam was born on 20 May 1899 in Burdwan. (e) As a boy being restless and absent-minded, he did not like the hard and fast rules of the school. [f) One day, this Dukhu Mia became a great poet. g) You win have heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. (h) So, he was called Dukhu Mia. 35. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) Meanwhile, the students dousing a parked army jeep with kerosene; set it on fire. (b) In this situation, Dr. Zoha came forward and requested the armed forces not to open fire on the students. (c) The situation went beyond control. (d) The teachers seeing this, requested the guards on. duty to open the gate. (e) But when they did not pay any heed to him, he declared that their bullets would pierce his heart first. (f) The agitated students of Rajshahi University started to jump over the locked gate and to scale the wall. (g) Finally, Dr. Zoha was shot in the back at 11 am and later he was bayonet charged too. (h) The armed forces saw the situation,.and started to take position against the students. 36. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) At the age of 25, he married a beautiful, wealthy, accomplished lady Khadija. (b) As a result, most of the people became his enemy and they wanted to kill him. (c) He got Nabuot at the age of forty and proclaimed that Allah is One with no partner. (d) His father had died before he was born. (e) Hazrat Mohammad (Sm) was born in the Quraish family of Makkah in 570 AD, (f) He was brought up by his grandfather whom he lost at the age of eight. (g) He lost his mother at the age of six. (h) He left Makkah in 622 AD with his follower for Medina and having performed Bidai Hay, he died at the age of 63. 37. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) There was excellent production of grapes. (b) I am about to leave you, dear sons, but I have something to say to you. (c) There was a farmer on the deathbed. (d) They sowed the grape seeds. (e) Thinking that there was hidden treasure, they began to .dig out but in vain. (1) Go to the vineyard and share everything you find there. (g) He called his sons to him. (h) They could realize the hidden meaning of their father and also learnt that industry is the key to success. 38. Put the following parts of the story in correct order. to make the whole story. (a) This scientist was Alfred Bernhard Nobel. (b) This prize is given to persons with most outstanding contribution in six fields. (c) Though he was a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. (d) For this discovery, he not only became famous all over the world but also earned a huge amount of money by selling it. (e) This prize was instituted by a man who was the inventor of science of destruction. (f) The Nobel Prize is the world's most important prize. (g) He was born in Stockholm on 21 October 1833 and he died on 10 December 1896.* (h) He invented dynamite which is widely used for breaking rocks, digging petrol wells and in war. 39. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) But the corporal, full of dignity, did nothing but stood by and shouted orders. (b) "Are you?" said the officer. (c) Presently an officer, not in uniform rode up. (d) ''Hello," he said to the corporal, "Why don't you lend your men a hand to get that beam up?" (e) He then getting down from his horse worked very hard to put the beam to its place and the man was none other Washington himself. (l) "Don't you know that I am a corporal?" was the reply. (g) There were too few men for the work. (h) In the American War of Independence, a corporal and a party of soldiers were sent to raise a hea beam for a battery. 40. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) He is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein. (b) He is very skilled in Mathematics from an early age and having a brilliant result, he was able to join Cambridge University as a Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. (c) In it, he explains cosmology for the general public. (d) He got married in 1963. (e) It became famous and established his reputation as a great scientist. (f) He got his PhD in cosmology from Cambridge University by the time he was 26 years old. (g) Stephen Hawking was born in an educated family. (h) He wrote a book, "A Brief History of Time : From the Big Bang to Black Holes''. 41. Put the following parts of thein correct order to make. the whole story. (a) He was very idle. (b) As a result, he was always in want of food. c) He had a few plots of land. (d) One day, seeing the fence round the garden broken, he said to himself, "I shall repair the fence tomorrow. But he totally forgot it the next day. (e) But he did not plough them well and sow seeds in time. (f) The farmer had a kitchen garden near his house. (g) Once there was a farmer in a village. (h) So, he could not raise good crops. 42. Put the following 'parts' of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) After a pair of years, he left the school and studied at St. Paul's School till 1624. (b) Milton was a great poet after Shakespeare. (c) He became blind in 1652 but in the state of blindness, he produced 'Paradise Lost'. (d) He took his MA degree at the age of 24. (e) At the age of 7, he got himself admitted into Star Palace School in 1615. (f) In 1643, he met Mary Powel on an occasion and married her. (g) But he could not pay attention to his studies in this school. (h) In the succeeding year, Milton entered Christ College in Cambridge. 43. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) He had left school before he completed primary school. (b) He wrote against the unruly behaviour of the then government and so he was called rebel poet. (c) Kazi Nazrul Islam, our national poet, was born in 1899. (d) He breathed his last in 1976 in Dhaka and was buried beside the Dhaka University mosque. (e) He was very poor and suffered a lot when he was a child. (f) First, he joined a team of singer namely 'Leto' and then he joined the army in 1917. (g) He was brought in Bangladesh and was given the citizenship of Bangladesh along with the - national recognition of national poet. (h) When he was forty-three, he was attacked with an incurable disease and never came round. 44. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers -of the sentences need to be written. (a) He was a specialist in treating boils. (b) He was a false doctor and patients from far and near used to come to him for treatment. (c) He would operate boils with his razor. (d) The barber treated them in their illness. (e) Once there lived a shrewd barber in a village who pretended to know everything. (f) When some of his patients were cured, the barber felt proud of his great success. (g) Finding no other way, the poor people called in him, because he was always available. (h) The patients would cry loudly in pain. 45. Put the -following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) When asked if he had any objection if they took him under the police custody, he answered 'no'. (b) A police officer went to that place and asked all the people there if they knew anything about the incident but the villagers replied in the negative. (c) The man being dull-headed could not learn English but could learn only 'yes', 'no'. and 'very well' without knowing their meaning. (d) At last, the police officer asked the man and he replied in the affirmative. (e) He came back to his village and whenever anybody asked him any question or discussed a thing with him, he would say either 'yes', 'no' or 'very well'. (f) Finally, when the police officer wanted to arrest him, he replied as 'very well' and accordingly he was arrested and put to jail. (g) One night, a theft took place in a house of the village and police was informed of it. (h) A man living in a village wanted to learn English and so he went to a teacher. 46. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) Our national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam was born of a poor parents in 1899. (b) After the war, he came back to Kolkata in 1919. (c) There Nazrul studied in a high school at Kazir Simla for three years and then returned to Burdwan. (d) During that time, a Muslim police officer took interest in this extraordinary boy and sent him to his village home. (e) From 1920, he started residing in the office of Bengal Muslim Literary Association. (f) In 1914, the First World War broke out, Nazrul joined the army at the age of 19 when he was a student of class 8. (g) When he was twelve years old, he fled away to Asansole and worked in a baker's shop there. (h) His remarkable poem 'Bidrohi' was published in 1920. 47. Put the following parts of the story in correct order. (a) But Fazlul Huq was a man of very independent character, so he resigned his post in 1911 and started legal practice. (b) Fazlul Huq attracted the attention of BF Fuller, the then governor of East Bengal who appointed him a Deputy Magistrate. (c) In 1897, he passed B.L. Examination with distinction and began his independent legal practice at Kolkata High Court. (d) Sher-e-Bangla A.K. Fazlul Huq was born in 1872 at Saturia in Barishal. (e) The next year, he was appointed lecturer and examiner of MA in Mathematics in Kolkata University. (f) He received his primary education there and then entered the Barishal Zilla School. (g) At the age of twenty-one, he passed the BSc Examination from the Presidency College, Kolkata, and MSc degree in Mathematics in 1895. (h) He passed the Entrance Examination standing first in Dhaka Division. 48. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. Only the corresponding numbers of the sentences need'to be written. (a) He was taken to Bangladesh in 1972 and lived in this country since his death in 1976. (b) It was a tragedy that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained almost half dead for the rest of his life. (c) He was declared our national poet by the then government of Bangladesh. (d) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the. district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (e) On return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (f) In 1914, the First World War broke out and he, at the age of 19, joined the war as an ordinary soldier. (g) He lost his father at the age of eight. (h) At the age of eleven, he showed his poetic genius by writing a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. 49. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) The thief was easily detected and was sent to jail. (b) All the servants went home and everyone kept his stick as it was, but the servant who had stolen the purse reduced the length of his stick by one inch. (c) The next day all the servants submitted their sticks to the judge, but one stick was found one inch short. (d) One day, a rich man lost his purse and thought that the purse had been stolen by someone of his servants. (e) Then he made a complaint before the judge. (f) The judge summoned all the servants, but all of them denied the charge. The (g) Th de then hit upon a plan to detect the thief and accordingly gave all of them the sticks of equal length and asked them to submit the sticks on the following day with the indication that the stick of the thief would increase by one inch. (h) He could not detect the real thief. 50. Put the following parts of the story in correct order to make the whole story. (a) But when the land yielded plenty of grapes that year, they realized the significance of their father's word. (b) Finding no treasure, they thought that their father had deceived them. (c). They turned over the soil of the vineyard, but they found no treasure. (d) Once there lived an old farmer who had three sons. (e) One day while the old farmer was on the point of death, he called his sons and said that he was departing from the world. (f) So, as soon as the farmer was dead, they came to the vineyard with spades. (g) The sons were extremely idle and averse to labour. (h) But he had buried all that he had in the vineyard. Key REARRANGING SENTENCES WORKSHEET-4.0 Answer 1. (c)-->(e)–>(g)-->(b) -->(a)–>(f)--->(d)--->(h) Once upon a time, there lived a. young man named Androcles. He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man in another country. His master was very bad and inflicted heavy torture on him. One day, he fled from his master's house and took shelter in a cave. In the evening, a lion entered the cave. The lion seemed wounded as he was groaning. He came near Androcles and lifted his paw. He took the lion's paw in his hand and removed a big thorn from it. The lion was relieved of his pain. 2. (b)--->(d)->(c)->(f)->(h)-->(g)-->(a)- -->(e) Napoleon, the king of France, was a great hero. He won many battles and conquered many countries of Europe. One day, he was walking along the seashore. Suddenly, he noticed a wonderful thing. An English boy was making a small boat. The boy was brought before him. The king asked him why he was making such a small boat. The boy said, "I shall cross the sea and go my home. 3. (a) --> (c)—)(g)->(d)-4(b)-->(h)-->(e)-->(f) Penicillin is the life-saving medicine. It was discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming was born in a poor family in Scotland. He was the seventh of the eight brothers and sisters. He passed his boyhood with his parents. Fleming was a very regular and attentive student. He was never absent from school up to the age of twelve. He was sent to London at the age of fourteen for higher study. 4. (d)--->(h)---)(e)--->(g) --> (a)-->(c)-->(f)-->(b) John Keats was born on October 31, 1795. He was the eldest son of his parents. He lost his father in 1804 and his mother in 1810. In 1811, Keats became an apprentice to a surgeon at Edmonton. But his heart was not in medicine and he felt that he was born to be a poet, Finally, he abandoned surgery for literature. His finest poems like 'Ode to a Nightingale', 'Ode on a Grecian.Urn', etc. were published in 1820. This great poet met a premature death on February 23, 1821. 5. (e)-->(c)-->(b)-->(h)-->(a)--->(d) ---> (g)-->(f) A few years back, Nur Banu lost everything for the river erosion.. Her husband was a farmer and they had everything but they became lAeFi less. Yet Nur Banu did not become frustrated andinspired her husband to stand against all odds. She had an ornament made of gold and she gave it to her husband to sell it. They of money, made a shelter in a makeshift house and started making Nakshi Kantha' with new and old clothes and thread of different colours. As Nur Bann was good at art in her early age, she could make wonderful design in her Kanthas. She, to ether with her husband worked and and made a lot of Kanthas. tier husband sold them in c market and, became solvent. 6. (h)—>(e)—>(c)--->(f)--->(b) ---- >(g) ---> (d)--->(a) The great leader of our country whom we love and admire is Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq. His father, Kazi Wazed Ali, was a renowned pleader in the Barishal Bar. From his boyhood, he was a very meritorious boy. One day the boy Fazlul Huq was reading in his study room. His father was passing bA_ He saw Fazlul Huq reading his lessons and tearing off the pa es of his book one after another. He at once entered the room and said, "0 my boy, don't play wig your book." "I am not playing. I have already gone through these pages." 7. (e)—>(g)—>(h)--->(b)--->(a) ---- >(c) ---> (d)--->(f) Pasteur was a French scientist. He discovered that many diseases are caused by germs and he also found cures for several of them. At first, he treated only animals because he did not want to cause the death of any human being. He found a mad dog and injected some weak germs of its diseases into blood. The dog was cured. One day, a boy namedJoseph Meister was brought to Pasteur. He had been bitten-by a mad dog. Pasteur gave him some injections and the boy did not get dog's disease. 8. (g)—>(a)—>(c)--->(b)--->(e) ---- >(h) ---> (f)--->(d) Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in South Africa. Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies.9n 1993, Mandela was awarded the -Nobel Peace Prize. 'In 1993, South African President F. W. de Klerk was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1994, Mandela was elected as South Africa's first black President. In 2009, Mandela's birthday was declared 'Mandela Day' to promote global peace. Mandela died at his home in Johannesburg on December 5, 2013, at the ageof 9. (c)-- --> (a) -->(f)-- --> (b)- --> (h) --> (d)-->(g)-->(e) Once a statue of goddess was being taken to the toven plating on the back ol a áoney. On \\le people were showmg due respect to the statue of the goddess. Seeing this, the donkey thought that people were showing him honour. So, feeling proud, the donkey started to brag in joy. Moreover, it refused to move even a step. Then the driver of the donkey became very angry. 14e said, "You wretched, do you think people show you this respect? Such a bad day for man well never tome.' Saying this, he started beating the donkey with his stick. 10. (e)---->(c) --> (f)-,-->(a) --> (h)--->(d) --> (b)->(g) Shamim was an unemployed youth of an impoverished family. Poverty forced hint to look for work. Then he joined the training programme of youth'development and received training in vegetable cultivation. Shamim got a lease of land in his vislage. He applied his new and improved knowledge for cultivating vegetables. He has also been raising hybrid cows for muk as well as to produce manure. Shamim s lot has changed radically. He is now very happy to be a self-sufficient man.. 11. (b)(f)-->(d)->(g)->(a)--->(h)->(c)-->(e) The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast. The old sailor sat on a stone outside the church. He saw people walking past him. He had a strange mad look in his eyes. Suddenly, he stopped one of the ;guests. "There was a ship," the old sailor began. He spoke so strangely that the guests stood still and listened to the story. The old man told him about his last journey. 12. (d)->(g)-->((c)--->(b)--)(e)->(a)--->(h) Once a dog was eating a bony piece of meat sitting under a tree. A crow saw him and wished to eatthat. It flew away and after some time returned with .another crow. Both the crows went near the dog. One of them started pecking the dog's tail. The dog not only felt disturbed but also became angry. The dog dropped the bone and barked at the crow. In the meantime, the other crow flew away with the bone. 13. (c)--->(d)->(a)->(h)-(f)- --> (g) --> (b) --> (e) Once there lived a young man named Androcles. Unfortunately, he was caught by a slave. merchant. The merchant sold him to a rich man in another country. The man was very rude and cruel. He used to inflict' heavy torture on him. It was unbearable for him. To escape torture, he one day fled from his master's house. He took shelter in a cave. 14. (e)--->(b)->(g)->(d) --> (a) --> (h)-->(c) Once young Taimur attacked a province but unfortunately his soldiers were all killed. Then he disguised himself as a poor traveller and supported himself by begging. One day, he became very hungry and could not get anything to eat. He came to a house- and asked an old woman to give him something to eat. The old woman felt pity for him and quickly gave Taimur a full dish of food. The food was very hot. He hurriedly dug his fingers right at the middle of the dish. As a result, he burnt his fingers. 15. (f) --> (c)->(g)->(a)->(d)->(h)-->(b)->(e) William Somerset Maugham was one of the greatest short story writers of modern time. He was born in: Paris in 1874. Despite being a doctor, he gave up medicine for literature because of having no charm. He made his first appearance in literature by writing 'Liza of Lambeth', a realistic study on the life of low neighbourhood in London. This brought for him a good name. Then he took to writing plays. Some of his well-known plays are Mrs. Cardilac, Lady Frederick and so on. He wrote a few other novels too. Or, (f)- --> (c)->(g)->(a)-->(d)-->(h)-->(e)-)(b) Or, (f)-(c)(g).->(a)-->(d)--->(e)(h)-->(b) 16. (f)-->(c)-)(e)->(h)--->(d)(g)--->(b)-->(a) Once there was an idle king. He did not undergo physical labour. He became bulky and could not move or do anything. He called in a doctor. The doctor was very wise. He did not prescribe any medicine. He advised the king to move a heavy club in the air till he got tired. The king followed the advice of the physician and became slim and fully cured. 17. (e)-->(h)->(d).-->(a)--->(f) --> (b),>(g)-->(c) Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda was born in Birbhum district of West Bengal in 1900. His father Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit was a pious man and his mother Fashia Khatun was also a pious woman. At the age of six, he was admitted in a Furkania Madrasa and then in an English school. He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. In 1925, he passed MSc in Chemistry from Kolkata University and in 1929, he passed DSc from Imperial College in. England. In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of Secondary Education Board. He died on 3 November 1977. He has a great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. 18. (d)---(a)--,(h)-->(e)--->(b)-->(f)->(c)->(g) Rabindranath Tagore, one of the most leading poets in the history of world literature, was born into the renowned Tagore family in March 1861. On the completion of his house education, he was sent to school, but did not like institutional education. In his twentieth year Rabindranath along with his father went to the Himalayas. He was sent to London to study Law but he studied literature with Professor Henry Morley for a few months and then returned home. In 1911, he iranslated his poems 'Gitanjali' into English. It brought him the highest honour in the form of Nobel Prize in 1913: He was given, a Knight by the British Government in 1914 but he rejected it as a protest against the atrocities of the British Government. At the age of eighty, he breathed his last. 19. (e) --> (c)- --> (h)-->(g)-->(a)-->(b) --> (d)-->(f) Akbar was born in 1542 at Amarkot in Sind. His full name was Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. He was- the grandson of Babar. When he was born, his father Humayun lost the throne of Delhi. He had no much education. He ascended the throne of Delhi at the age of thirteen. He was skilled in 'warfare. The battle of Second Panipath took place in 1556 and he won the battle. 20. (e) --> (b). --> (f) -->(d) --> (g)-->(c) --> (a) --> (h) Long ago, there was a mighty old king of England named Lear who wanted to divide his kingdom among his three daughters. But first,-he wanted to know how much they loved him. At first, Lear asked-his eldest daughter, "How much do you love me?" His eldest daughter declared, "Sir, I love you more than I can say." When asked, his second daughter said, "My love for you shall never change." Being pleased, Lear gave each of them a third of his kingdom. When asked, the youngest daughter said, 'Nothing." Lear was shocked and said "Nothing will- come of nothing." 21. (d)-->(b)-->(g)(a)(1)-->(e)--->(c)-3(h) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. It flew from one place to another in search of water. At last, it found a jar in a garden-. But water was at the bottom and out of its reach. Then it hit upon a plan. It took some pebbles and then it dropped them into the jar. As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. When the water Came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank and quenched its thirst. 22. (d) --> (b)--->(e) --> (h)-->(a)--->(g)->(f)--)(c) Queen Victoria was taught economical habits by her governess when she was a little girl. The princess had a fixed allowance for pocket money and she was not permitted to exceed it. Once at a market at Wales, she spent all her money in buying. a number of presents for relatives and friends. As she was leaving, she remembered another cousin for whom she did not buy any present. She saw a box marked-half a crown and considered that the box would be the most appropriate gift for him. But alas! She had no money. The people in shop wanted to enclose the box with the other articles. But her governess said, No, you see the princess has not the money and so, of course, she cannot buy the box. 23. (d) --> (b)-->(g)--->(a) --> (f)--->(h)---(e)--->(c) One day, a woman came to Buddha with her dead son. She requested Buddha to bring her dead son back to life again. Buddha realized the emotion and sorrow of the mother. He told her that if she could bring a handful of mustard seed from a house where nobody had died, her son would be alive again. The sorrowful mother went from door to door but failed to collect the mustard seed. In every house, she saw that death had shown its cruel face. She returned to Buddha with a broken heart and told him everything. Buddha told her that death is inevitable to everybody and it was not possible to bring back her dead son's life. 24. (e)->(c) --> (g) --> (f) --> (a)->(h)-->(d) -->(b) Long long ago, there lived a very kind and generous man in Yemen. The name of that man was Hatem' Tai. He was not rich but very hospitable. One day, the king gave a dinner. The guests praised the king. So, the king felt happy and proud. But the guests praised Hatem Tai also. People praised him more than their king. 25. (d)- --> (f)-->(h)--->(e) -->g) --> (b)-->(a)--->(c) Hazrat Omar (R) used to go out to see the condition of his subjects with his own eyes at dead of night. One night, he was passing by a cottage. He heard that children were crying. He asked the woman of that cottage about the cause of crying of her children. The woman explained that the children were crying-for food as they were starving for two days. She also explained that she was boiling water in a pot only to console her children. Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked and assured the woman of providing her with food. He instantly went to the godown and carried a sack of food hilnself for that woman and her children to that cottage. 26. (b)--(a)- --> (d)-->(f) --> (c)->(h) -->(e)->(g) Once Hazrat Bayazid Bustarni came home to see his ailing mother. She asked Bayazid to give her a glass of water, but he could not find any water in the pitcher. So,, he went to the well quite far from ,their house. He filled the pitcher, came back and went to his mother with a glass of water. But she again fell asleep. He, instead of waking her up, stood by her bed with the glass of water in his hand. She woke up some hours later. As he was still standing by her bed, his mother drank the glass of water and blessed him from the core of heart 27. (d) --> (a) --> (g)-->(b)-- --> (f)-->(h)-->(c) --> (e) Zainul Abediri was born in .1914 in Kishoreganj. He graduated from the Govt. School of Art in Kolkata. He was also appointed as a teacher there. He is recognized as the most valuable painter of Bangladesh. He is also the pioneer of Bangladeshi modern art. He is highly admired for his 'Bengal Famine Sketches'. He died of lungs cancer. Still now, he is referred with great respect as Shilpacharya in Bangladesh. 28. (c)--->(a)-->(b) --> (g) --> (f)-->(e)-->(h)->(d) Robert Bruce was the king of Scotland. He took part in the revolt against King Edward I of England for the independence of his country. But his army was defeated again and again. Being defeated for six times, he lost all hopes and fled away to save his life. One day, he was lying in a cave in the forest. He noticed a spider trying to reach the top of the steep wall of the cave. It fell down time and again but it did not give up its attempts. At its seventh attempt, it was successful in reaching the top. Bruce got back his hope at that incident, took courage and gathered his soldiers together. He led an expedition against England, overthrew the English army and secured the independence of Scotland. 29. (h)->(a) --> (d)-->(c)-->(g)--->(b) --> (e)-->(f) Once Androcles fled away from his master's house and hid himself in a forest. He fell fast asleep there but a great noise woke him up. A lion had entered the cave roaring loudly. Androcles was very much afraid and he felt sure that the beast would kill him. Soon he realized that the lion was not angry. It was crying for pain in his leg. He went to the lion. Then he removed a thorn from the lion's paws. 30. (c)-->(d)-->(b)-->(a)-->(e)->(f)--->(h)-->(g) Once upon a time, two friends were passing by a forest. They were talking about their love for each other. Suddenly, a bear came there. The first friend climbed a tree but The later could not climb. Finding no other way, the later one laid down on the ground and feigned death. The bear smelt his ears, nose and face. He thought him to be dead. Then the bear went away. 31. (h) --> (a) --> (e)-->(f)->(g)-->(b) --> (d)-->(c) Long long ago, there lived a rich man. He had only one son named Sindbad. Sindbad's father died when he was only sixteen. Sindbad, having inherited all his father's vast wealth, many of his relatives and friends gathered round Sindbad to look after him. Sindbad, a young and inexperienced boys pent money extravagantly for his relatives and friends. Soon, he fell in economic difficulty. He went to his friends and relatives for help but none helped him. At last, one of his father's friends helped him start a business and being successful in it, he became rich again. 32. (d)-->(a)-->(h)->(c)->(f)->(b)->(g)-->(e) Once there lived a poor and old man M a certain village. He was alone in this world. He had no land of his own. So, he was unable to maintain his livelihood happily. But he never begged to support himself in the midst of much hardship. One day, this old man became ill and tried to go to a doctor. He could not move easily and fell down on the ground. To see him in this condition, a school-going boy came forward and took him to the nearest -hospital. 33. (g)-->(e).-->(h)--(d)->(a)-->(b)--->(c) --> (f) Pritilata was born in Chattogram on 5 May 1911. She was a meritorious student. She graduated in philosophy from Bathune Cbllege in Kolkata. She was a true patriot. She wanted freedom for the nation. She extended her co-operative hands towards Surja Sen. Unfortunately, she killed herself to avoid arrest. She proved that women can work like men. 34. (g)->(d)->(b)-->(c)->(h)-->(e)-->(a)(f) You will have heard the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. Nazrul Islam was born on 20 May 1899 in Burdwan. He lost his father in his childhood. He spent his early life in great hardship. So, he was called Dukhu Mia. As a boy being restless and absent-minded, he did not like the hard and fast rules of the school. He was fond of adventures, music and jatra party. One day, this Dukhu Mia became a great poet. 35. (f)->(d)->(a)- --> (h)-->(b)->(e)->(c)--.>(g) The agitated students of Rajshahi University started to jump over the locked gate and .to scale the wall. The teachers seeing this, requested the guards on duty to open the gate. Meanwhile, the students dousing a parked army jeep with kerosene, set it on fire. The armed forces saw the situation and started to take position against the students. In this situation, Dr. Zoha came forward and requested the armed forces not to open fire on the students. But when they did not pay any heed to him, he declared that their bullets would pierce his heart first. The situation went beyond control. Finally, Dr. Zoha was shot in the back at 11 am and later he was bayonet charged too. 36. (e)--->(d)-->(g)- --> (f)--->(a) ---)(c)->(b)-->(h) Hazrat Mohammad (Sm) was born in the Quraish family of Makkah in 570 AD. His father had died before he was born. He lost his mother at the age of six. He was brought up by his grandfather whom he lost at the age of eight. At the age of 25, he married a beautiful, wealthy, accomplished lady Khadija. He got Nabuot at the age of forty and proclaimed that Allah is One with no partner. As a result, most of the people became his enemy andrthey wanted to kill him. He left Makkah in 622 AD with his follower for Medina and having performed Bidai Hall, he died at the age of 63. 37. (c)-->(g)-->(b)-->(f)-->(e) --> (d) --> (a)-->(h) There was a farmer on the deathbed. He called his sons to him. I am about to leave you, dear sons, but I have something to say to you. Go to the vineyard and share everything you find there. Thinking that there was hidden treasure, they began to dig out but in vain. They sowed the grape seeds. There was excellent production of grapes. They could realize the hidden meaning of their father and also learnt that industry is the key to success. 38. (f)->(b)--->(e)--(a) --> (g)-->(c)--->(h) --> (d) The Nobel Prize is the world's most important prize. This prize is given to persons with most outstanding contribution in six fields. This prize was instituted by a man who was the inventor of science of destruction. This scientist was Alfred Bernhard Nobel. He was born in Stockholm on 21 October 1833 and he died on 10 December 1896. Though he was a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. He invented dynamite which is widely used for breaking rocks, digging petrol wells and in war. For this discovery, he not only became famous all over the world but also earned a huge amount of money by selling it. 39. (h)--->(g)—>(a)- --> (c).- --> (d) --> (f)-->(b)--->(e) In the American War of Independence, a corporal and a party of soldiers were sent to raise a heavy beam for a battery. There were too few men for the work. But the corporal, full of dignity, did nothing but stood by and shouted orders. Presently an officer, not in uniform rode up. "Hello," he said to the corporal, "Why don't you lend your men a hand to get that beam up?" "Don't you know that .I am a corporal?" was the reply. "Are you?" said the officer. He then getting down from his horse worked very hard to put the beam to its place and the man was none other Washington himself. 40. (g) --> (a)---(h)--->(c) --> (e)-->(f)-->(d) --> (b) Stephen Hawking was born in an educated family. He is considered the greatest physicist after Einstein. He wrote a book, 'A Brief History of Time : From the Big Bang to Black Holes'. In it, he explains cosmology for the general public. It became famous and established his reputation as a great scientist.. He got his PhD in cosmology from Cambridge University by the time he was 26 years old. He got married in 1963. He is very skilled in Mathematics from an early age and having a brilliant result, he was able to join Cambridge University as a Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. 41. (g)-->(a)-(c)->(e)-(h)-->(b)->(f)-)(d) Once there was a farmer in a village. He was very idle. He had a few plots of land. But he did not plough them well and sow seeds in time. So, he could, not raisegood crops. As a result, he was always in want of food. The farmer had a kitchen garden near his house. One day, seeing the fence round the garden broken, he said to himself, "I shall repair the fence tomorrow." But he totally forgot it the next day. 42. (b)--(e)---(g)-->(a) --> (h) --> (d)-->(f)- -->(c) Milton was a great poet after Shakespeare. At the age of 7, he got himself admitted into Star Palace School in 1615. But he could not pay attention to his studies in this school. After a pair of years, he left the school and studied at St. Paul's School till 1624. In the succeeding year, Milton entered Christ College in Cambridge. He took his MA' degree at the age of 24. In 1643, he met Mary Powel on an occasion and married her. He became blind in 1652 but in the state of blindness, he produced 'Paradise Lost'. 43. (c)-->(e)(a)---->.(f)--›(b)--›(h)--›(g)- --> (d) Kazi Nazrul Islam, our national poet, was born in 1899. He was very poor and suffered a lot when he was a child. He had left school before he completed primary school. First, he joined a team of singer namely 'Leto' and then he joined the army in 1917. He wrote against the unruly behaviour of the then government and so he was called rebel poet. When he was forty-three, he was attacked with an incurable: disease and never came round. He was brought in Bangladesh and was given the citizenship of Bangladesh along with the national recognition of national poet. He breathed his last in 1976 in Dhaka and was buried beside the Dhaka University mosque. 44. (e)-->(b)--(d)- (g)->(a)-->(c)>(h)--> (f) Once there lived a shrewd barber in a village who pretended to know everything. He was a false ,cloctor and patients from far and near used to come to him for treatment. The barber treated them in their illness. Finding no other way, the poor people called in him, because he was always available. He was a specialist in treating boils. He would operate boils with his razor. The patients would cry loudly in pain. When some of his patients were cured, the barber felt proud of his great success. 45. (h)---) --> (c)->(e)->(g)--->(b)->(d)-->(a)->(f) A man living in a village wanted to learn English and so he 'went to a teacher. The man being dull-headed could not learn English but could learn only 'yes', no and 'very well without, knowing their meaning. He came back to his village and whenever anybody asked him any question or discussed a thing with him, he would say either 'yes', no or Very well'. One night, a theft took place in a house of the village and police was informed of it. A police officer went to that place and asked all the people there if they knew anything about the incident but the villagers replied in the negative. At last, the police officer asked the man and he replied in the affirmative. When asked if he had any objection if they took him under the police custody, he answered 'no'. Finally, when the police officer wanted to arrest him, he replied as 'very well and accordingly he was arrested and put to jail. 46. (a)->(g)- -->(d) --> (c)-->(f)->(b)->(e)-->(h) Our National poet Kazi Nazrul Islam was born of a poor parents in 1899. When he was twelve years old, he fled away to Asansole and worked in a baker's shop there. During that time, a Muslim police officer took interest in this extraordinary boy and sent him to his village home. There Nazrul studied in a high school at Kazir Simla for three years and then returned to Burdwan.- In 1914, the First World War broke out, Nazrul joined the army at the age of 19 when he was a student of class 8. After the war, he came back to Kolkata in 1919. From 1920, he started residing in the office of Bengal Muslim Literary Association. His remarkable poem 'Bidrohi' was published in 1920. 47. (d).-->(f)->(h)->(g)->(e)-->(c) --> (b)-->(a) Sher-e-Bangla A.K. Fazlul Huq was born in 1872 at Saturia in Barishal. He received his primary education there and then entered the Barishal Zilla School. He passed the Entrance Examination standing first in Dhaka Division. At the age of twenty-one, he passed the BSc Examination from the Presidency College, Kolkata, and MSc degree in Mathematics in 1895. The next year, he was appointed lecturer and examiner of MA in Mathematics in Kolkata University. In 1897, he passed BL Examination with distinction and began his independent legal practice at Kolkata High Court. Fazlul Huq attracted the attention of B.F, Fuller, the then governor of East Bengal who appointed him a Deputy Magistrate. But Fazlul Huq was a man of very independent character, so he resigned his post in 1911 and started legal practice. 48. (d)-(g)-->(h)--(f)->(e) --> (b)-->(a)-->(c) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. He lost his father at the age of eight. At the age of eleven, he showed his poetic genius by writing a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. In 1914, the First World War broke out and he, at the age of 19, joined the war as an ordinary soldier, On return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. It was a tragedy that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained almost half dead for the rest of his life. He was taken to Bangladesh in 1972 and lived in this country since his death in 1976. He was declared our national poet by the then government of Bangladesh. 49. (d)->(h)--)(e)--(f)-->(g)->(b)--(c)->(a) One day, a rich man lost his purse and thought that the purse had been stolen by someone of his servants. He could not detect the real thief. Then he made a complaint before the judge. The judge summoned all the servants, but all of them denied the charge. The judge then hit upon a plan to detect the thief and accordingly gave all of them the sticks of equal length and asked them to submit the sticks on the following day with the indication that the stick of the thief would increase by one inch. A11 the servants went home and everyone kept his stick as it was but the servant who had stolen the purse reduced the length of his stick by one inch. The next day all the servants submitted their sticks to the judge, but one stick was found one inch short. The thief was easily-detected and was sent to jail. 50. (d)-->(g)-->(e)- --> (h)->(f)--->(c)-->(b)-->(a) Once there lived an old farmer who had three sons. The sons were extremely idle and averse to labour. One day while the old farmer was on the point of death, he called his sons and said that he was departing from the world. But he had buried all that he had in the vineyard. So, as soon as the farmer was dead, they came to the vineyard with spades. They turned over the soil of the vineyard. but they found no treasure. Finding no treasure, they thought that their father had deceived them. But when the land yielded plenty of grapes that year, they realized the significance of their father's word. 51. (d)->(e)-->(f).-->(g)->(h)->(c)-->(b)--(a) The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BC. At that time, Greece were divided into many city states which were always at war against each other. The games were held to create brotherhood among the warring states. But during the two World Wars, the games could not be held. After that. the games were held after every four years until 394 AD. As it was held in the temple of Mount of Olympia, it was called Olympic Games. The modern Olympic Games began in 1896. Initially, it was meant only for men, but now it is open for the women too.

Rearranging Worksheet-5.0 HSC Board Questions - 2022 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board -2022] (a) MRT Line-6 is the first line to be approved from Uttara to Motijheel covering a length of 20 km. (b) This project is being developed by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company. (c) Moreover, this Metro Rail Project will have 16 elevated stations in total. (d) Indeed, the initiative will uplift the traffic system to an internationally advanced level. (e) It is projected to serve 60,000 passengers per hour. (f) The Dhaka Metro Rail Project' is a wise and far-sighted initiative by the current government. (g) It will also reduce the existing traffic jams to a great extent. (h) A total of five lines. MRT 1. 2. 4. 5, and 6 have been proposed for this project. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2022] (a) In 1994, Mandela was elected as the first black president of Africa. (b) After passing nearly three decades, he was freed. (c) Nelson Mandela, the black leader understood the fact. (d) Finally, he left his public life in 2004 and worldly life in 2013. (e) While domination in South Africa was a very inhuman practice. (f) So, he was arrested and sent behind the prison bar. (g) He raised his voice against the cruelties of apartheid. (h) The white African leader F.W. de Klerk 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Chattogram Board -2022] (a) He wrote a lot of poems, songs-gazals, short stories, poems, novels, etc. (b) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (c) At the age of nineteen, he joined the Army as an ordinary soldier to the fight in the First World War. (d) On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (e) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a fatal disease since 1942 and remained paralysed for the rest of his life. (f) In 1924 he married Promila in Kolkata. (g) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (h) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2022] (a) Due to this drastic change, people cannot decide what appropriately to do to fight this danger. (b) We are witnessing a serious education crisis that was once beyond imagination. (c) Because of the inconceivable Covid-19 disaster, the entire world is passing a very difficult time. (d) They also find difficulties keeping pace with this change. (e) This disaster has changed the world scenario drastically. (f) The hope is that with the problems, some prospects are also appearing. (g) Our education sector is undergoing the same critical condition. (h) However, there is a ray of hope. 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board -2022] (a) Haji Mohsin took him to another room and opened a box. (b) Haji Mohsin woke up and caught hold of the thief. (c) The box was full of gold and money. (d) He took pity with the poor man. (e) He was famous for his kindness. (f) Haji Mohsin helped the poor and the helpless people with food and clothes. (g) A thief entered into his bedroom one night. (h) The man said, "Sir, I am very poor, I have no food in my house." 6. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dinajpur Board -2022] (a) He died on August 29, 1976 and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. (b) He wrote a lot of poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, novels, etc. (c) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (d) At the age of nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier but after the First World War, he gave up the sword for the pen. (e) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. (f) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (g) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (h) Then he was declared our national poet by the government of Bangladesh. HSC Board Questions - 2022 Answer Jashore Board - 2022: Dhaka’s Metro Rail Project Sequence:f + b + h + a + c + e + g + d Story:The current government has taken a wise and far-sighted initiative called the Dhaka Metro Rail Project. This significant undertaking is being developed by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company. To accommodate the city's growing transportation needs, five lines, namely MRT 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, have been proposed. The first line to receive approval is MRT Line-6, which will stretch from Uttara to Motijheel, covering a length of 20 kilometers. In addition to its impressive reach, this line will feature 16 elevated stations. Remarkably, the system is projected to serve 60,000 passengers per hour, reducing existing traffic jams considerably. Ultimately, this initiative is expected to elevate the traffic system to an internationally advanced level. বাংলা অনুবাদ:বর্তমান সরকার দূরদর্শী ও জ্ঞানসম্পন্ন একটি উদ্যোগ গ্রহণ করেছে যার নাম ঢাকা মেট্রো রেল প্রকল্প। এই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ প্রকল্পটি ঢাকা মাস ট্রানজিট কোম্পানি দ্বারা উন্নয়ন করা হচ্ছে। শহরের ক্রমবর্ধমান পরিবহন চাহিদা পূরণের জন্য পাঁচটি লাইন প্রস্তাব করা হয়েছে, যথা MRT 1, 2, 4, 5, এবং 6। প্রথম অনুমোদিত লাইনটি হল MRT লাইন-6, যা উত্তরা থেকে মতিঝিল পর্যন্ত ২০ কিলোমিটার বিস্তৃত হবে। এই লাইনটিতে মোট ১৬টি উঁচু স্টেশন থাকবে। উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে, এই ব্যবস্থা প্রতি ঘণ্টায় ৬০,০০০ যাত্রী পরিবেশন করতে সক্ষম হবে, যা বিদ্যমান যানজটকে অনেকাংশে হ্রাস করবে। শেষ পর্যন্ত, এই উদ্যোগটি দেশের পরিবহন ব্যবস্থাকে আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে উন্নত স্তরে উন্নীত করবে। Cumilla Board - 2022: The Life and Struggle of Nelson Mandela Sequence:e + c + g + f + h + b + a + d Story:During a time when South Africa was marred by the inhuman practice of racial domination, Nelson Mandela, a determined black leader, understood the need for change. He bravely raised his voice against the cruelties of apartheid, which eventually led to his arrest and imprisonment. After nearly three decades, Mandela was finally freed, thanks to the efforts of the white African leader, F.W. de Klerk. In 1994, Mandela was elected as the first black president of Africa, a monumental achievement in the history of the continent. After decades of public service, Mandela retired in 2004 and left the world in 2013. বাংলা অনুবাদ:একসময় যখন দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকায় বর্ণবাদী শাসন ছিল অত্যন্ত অমানবিক, নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা, এক প্রতিজ্ঞাবদ্ধ কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ নেতা, পরিবর্তনের প্রয়োজন বুঝেছিলেন। তিনি সাহসের সঙ্গে বর্ণবৈষম্যের অত্যাচারের বিরুদ্ধে কণ্ঠ তুলেছিলেন, যা শেষ পর্যন্ত তাকে কারাবন্দী করে। প্রায় তিন দশক পর, শ্বেতাঙ্গ নেতা এফ ডব্লিউ ডি ক্লার্কের প্রচেষ্টায় ম্যান্ডেলাকে মুক্তি দেওয়া হয়। ১৯৯৪ সালে, ম্যান্ডেলা আফ্রিকার প্রথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচিত হন, যা মহাদেশের ইতিহাসে একটি বিশাল অর্জন। কয়েক দশক ধরে জনগণের সেবা করার পর, ম্যান্ডেলা ২০০৪ সালে অবসর নেন এবং ২০১৩ সালে পৃথিবী থেকে চিরবিদায় নেন। Chattogram Board - 2022: The Journey of Kazi Nazrul Islam Sequence:h + b + c + d + a + f + e + g Story:Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal. After losing his father at the tender age of eight, Nazrul showcased his poetic genius by the age of eleven. At nineteen, he joined the army as a soldier during the First World War, but after the war, he exchanged his sword for the pen, beginning a life devoted to literature. Nazrul went on to write numerous poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata, but tragedy struck in 1942 when he was afflicted with a debilitating disease that left him paralyzed. Despite this, his legacy endured, and after Bangladesh's independence in 1971, he was brought to Bangladesh in 1972 as a national hero. বাংলা অনুবাদ:কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলার একটি গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে পিতৃহারা হয়ে, তিনি এগারো বছর বয়সেই কাব্য প্রতিভা প্রদর্শন করেছিলেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে তিনি প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের সময় সৈনিক হিসেবে সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগ দেন, কিন্তু যুদ্ধের পর, তিনি তলোয়ার ছেড়ে কলম হাতে নেন এবং সাহিত্যে তার জীবন নিবেদিত করেন। নজরুল অসংখ্য কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোটগল্প এবং উপন্যাস রচনা করেছেন। ১৯২৪ সালে তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমীলা দেবীর সঙ্গে বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হন। কিন্তু ১৯৪২ সালে তিনি এক মারণরোগে আক্রান্ত হন, যা তাকে পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্ত করে দেয়। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতার পর, ১৯৭২ সালে তাকে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে নিয়ে আসা হয়, যেখানে তাকে জাতীয় কবির মর্যাদায় ভূষিত করা হয়। Sylhet Board - 2022: The Global Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic Sequence:c + e + a + d + g + b + h + f Story:The world is facing an unprecedented crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic, a disaster that has drastically altered the global landscape. As a result of these rapid changes, people are struggling to find appropriate ways to confront this challenge, often finding it hard to adapt to the shifting reality. Our education sector, like many others, is facing a critical moment, with challenges once unimaginable. Despite these hardships, there remains a glimmer of hope. Alongside the problems, new opportunities are beginning to emerge, suggesting a possible way forward. বাংলা অনুবাদ:কোভিড-১৯ মহামারীর কারণে বিশ্ব একটি অভূতপূর্ব সংকটের মুখোমুখি হয়েছে, যা বিশ্বব্যাপী দৃশ্যপটকে মারাত্মকভাবে পরিবর্তিত করেছে। এই দ্রুত পরিবর্তনের কারণে মানুষ এই চ্যালেঞ্জের মোকাবিলা করার উপযুক্ত উপায় খুঁজে পাচ্ছে না এবং পরিবর্তনের সাথে তাল মিলিয়ে চলতে কঠিন মনে করছে। আমাদের শিক্ষা খাতও একইভাবে সংকটের মুখোমুখি হয়েছে, যা একসময় কল্পনার বাইরে ছিল। এই কঠিন সময়ের মধ্যেও আশা রয়ে গেছে। সমস্যার পাশাপাশি নতুন সুযোগও আসতে শুরু করেছে, যা সম্ভবত অগ্রগতির পথ দেখাচ্ছে। Barishal Board - 2022: The Kindness of Haji Mohsin Sequence:f + e + g + b + h + d + a + c Story:Haji Mohsin was well-known for his generosity, often helping the poor and helpless with food and clothing. One night, while he was sleeping, a thief crept into his bedroom. Awakened by the intruder, Haji Mohsin caught hold of the thief, who pleaded, "Sir, I am very poor, and I have no food in my house." Taking pity on the man, Haji Mohsin led him to another room and opened a box. The box was full of gold and money, and instead of punishing the thief, he chose to show compassion. বাংলা অনুবাদ:হাজী মোহসীন তার দয়ালু স্বভাবের জন্য বিখ্যাত ছিলেন। তিনি প্রায়শই দরিদ্র এবং অসহায় মানুষদের খাদ্য এবং বস্ত্র দিয়ে সাহায্য করতেন। এক রাতে, যখন তিনি ঘুমাচ্ছিলেন, তখন একজন চোর তার শোবার ঘরে ঢুকে পড়ে। চোরকে ধরে ফেলেন হাজী মোহসীন, এবং সেই মানুষটি বলেন, "সাহেব, আমি খুব গরিব, আমার ঘরে কোনো খাবার নেই।" হাজী মোহসীন তার প্রতি করুণা অনুভব করে তাকে আরেকটি ঘরে নিয়ে যান এবং একটি বাক্স খোলেন। সেই বাক্সটি সোনা এবং টাকায় পূর্ণ ছিল, এবং তিনি সেই চোরকে শাস্তি না দিয়ে তার প্রতি দয়া প্রদর্শন করেন। Dinajpur Board - 2022: The Life and Legacy of Kazi Nazrul Islam Sequence:g + c + d + b + e + f + h + a Story:Kazi Nazrul Islam, one of the greatest poets of Bengal, was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal. After losing his father at the age of eight, he displayed his poetic talents early, composing remarkable works by the age of eleven. He wrote prolifically, creating poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. At nineteen, Nazrul joined the army but soon left it after the First World War to pursue a career in writing. Sadly, since 1942, he had been suffering from a debilitating illness that left him paralyzed for the rest of his life. After Bangladesh's independence in 1971, he was brought to Bangladesh in 1972, where he was declared the national poet. He passed away on August 29, 1976, and was laid to rest at Dhaka University. বাংলা অনুবাদ:কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম, যিনি বাংলা সাহিত্যের অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ কবি, ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে পিতৃহারা হয়ে, তিনি এগারো বছর বয়সেই তার কাব্য প্রতিভার প্রকাশ ঘটান। তিনি প্রচুর পরিমাণে কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোটগল্প, এবং উপন্যাস রচনা করেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে নজরুল সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগ দেন, কিন্তু প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধের পর তিনি লেখালেখিতে জীবন উৎসর্গ করেন। ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে নজরুল একটি মারাত্মক রোগে আক্রান্ত হন, যা তাকে পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্ত করে দেয়। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতার পর, ১৯৭২ সালে তাকে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হয়, যেখানে তাকে জাতীয় কবি ঘোষণা করা হয়। ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তিনি মৃত্যুবরণ করেন এবং তাকে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে সমাহিত করা হয়। HSC Board Questions - 2019 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board-2019] (i) All the servants were called and interrogated. (ii) In order to find out the thief, the judge chalked out an intelligent plan. (iii) Once a gold necklace was lost from a rich man's house. (iv) The servants were summoned to the court but they denied having stolen the necklace. (v) When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. (vi) But nobody confessed their guilt. (vii) So the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. (viii) The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others and in this way he could easily catch the thief. (ix) Naturally it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. (x) He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and said that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board-2019] (a) He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. (b) He has made great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. (c) Dr.Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May at village Maragra in the district of Birbhum in West Bengal in 1900 AD. (d) In 1925, getting star marks he passed M.Sc in Chemistry from Kolkata Varsity. (e) He died on 3rd November in 1977. His father Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit was a pious man. (f) In 1929, he passed D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. (h) At the age of six, he was admitted into a Furkania Madrasa and then he was admitted into an English School. (i) He made a great plan to give the new structure of education system. (j) In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of Secondary Education Board. Answer: c→f→h→a→d→g→j→ i→b→e 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board-2019, Dinajpur Board-2022] (i) He died on August 29, 1976 and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. (ii) He wrote a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. (iii) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (iv) At the age of nineteen, he joined the Army as an ordinary soldier to fight in the First World War. (v) On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (vi) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. (vii) In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. (viii) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (ix) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (x) Then he was declared our national poet by the Government of Bangladesh. Answer: (ix)→(iii)→(iv)→(v)→(ii)→(vii)→(vi)→ (viii)→(x)→(i) 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board-2019; Sylhet Board-2013; Rajshahi Board-2012; Dinajpur Board-2012; Dhaka Board-2005] (a) The king was fond of knowing his future from the astrologer. (b) The king called him to the palace. (c) At this, the king got furious and condemned him to death. (d) A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. (e) Once there was a king. (f) With ready wit he said, "The stars declare that I'll die only a week before your death." (g) But another thought crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for execution. (h) The king then asked, “How long would you like to live?” (i) The astrologer told something very unpleasant. (j) He then thought for a while some ways of escape. Answer: e→a →d→b→i→c→g→h→ j→f 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board -2019; Sylhet Board -2015] (i) The last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” (ii) Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. (iii) On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg. (v) It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in English language. (vi) He was going there to speak at a meeting. (vi) On the envelope, it was what he was going to say at the meeting. (vi) These words tell us what the best possible way of ruling a country is. (vii) He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. (ix) In the train, he was busy with writing something. (x) In fact, the speech on the envelope is now famous as “Gettysburg Address.” Answer: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii 6. Rearrange them in proper sequence. [Sylhet Board -2019; Chattogram Board -2016] (i) One day, he was very hungry. (ii) The grapes were too high for him to reach. (iii) Again and again he jumped. (iv) At last, he entered into a vineyard. (v) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (vi) But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. (vii) At last being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (viii) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (ix) He searched food everywhere but he did not get any food. (x) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. Answer: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii. HSC Board Questions - 2019 Answer 1. Dhaka Board - 2019: The Lost Necklace Rearranged Sequence: (iii) → (ix) → (i) → (vi) → (vii) → (iv) → (ii) → (x) → (v) → (viii) Story:Once, a gold necklace was lost from a rich man’s house. Naturally, it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. All the servants were called and interrogated, but nobody confessed their guilt. So, the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. The servants were summoned to the court, but they denied having stolen the necklace. In order to find out the thief, the judge devised an intelligent plan. He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and told them that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others, and in this way, he could easily catch the thief. Bangla Translation:একবার একটি ধনী ব্যক্তির বাড়ি থেকে একটি সোনার হার হারিয়ে যায়। স্বাভাবিকভাবেই সন্দেহ করা হয়েছিল যে এক জন কর্মচারী সেই হার চুরি করেছে। সমস্ত কর্মচারীকে ডাকা হয়েছিল এবং জিজ্ঞাসাবাদ করা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু কেউই তাদের অপরাধ স্বীকার করেনি। সুতরাং, বাড়ির মালিক আদালতে অভিযোগ দায়ের করেন। কর্মচারীদের আদালতে ডাকা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু তারা হার চুরির কথা অস্বীকার করে। চোরকে খুঁজে বের করার জন্য বিচারক একটি বুদ্ধিমান পরিকল্পনা করেছিলেন। তিনি প্রতিটি সন্দেহভাজনকে সমান দৈর্ঘ্যের একটি করে লাঠি দিয়েছিলেন এবং বলেছিলেন যে পরের দিন একটি লাঠি এক ইঞ্চি লম্বা হবে। পরের দিন যখন কর্মচারীরা আদালতে এল, তখন চোর তার লাঠি থেকে এক ইঞ্চি কেটে ফেলেছিল। বিচারক একটি লাঠিকে অন্যগুলোর চেয়ে ছোট দেখতে পান এবং এইভাবে তিনি সহজেই চোরকে ধরতে সক্ষম হন। 2. Rajshahi Board - 2019: Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda Rearranged Sequence: c → f → h → a → d → g → j → i → b → e Story:Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May 1900 in the village of Maragra, in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal. In 1929, he passed his D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. At the age of six, he was admitted to a Furkania Madrasa and later enrolled in an English school. He showed extraordinary credit in every school examination. In 1925, he passed M.Sc. in Chemistry from Kolkata University with star marks. His father, Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit, was a pious man. In 1953, Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda was appointed as the Chairman of the Secondary Education Board, where he made great plans to restructure the education system. He made significant contributions to scientific research in Bangladesh and passed away on 3rd November 1977. Bangla Translation:ড. কুদরাত-ই-খুদা ১৯০০ সালের ৮ই মে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বীরভূম জেলার মারাগ্রা গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ১৯২৯ সালে তিনি ইংল্যান্ডের ইম্পেরিয়াল কলেজ থেকে ডি.এস.সি. ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। ছয় বছর বয়সে তাকে ফুরকানিয়া মাদ্রাসায় ভর্তি করা হয়েছিল এবং পরে একটি ইংরেজি স্কুলে ভর্তি হন। তিনি প্রতিটি স্কুল পরীক্ষায় অসাধারণ কৃতিত্ব প্রদর্শন করেন। ১৯২৫ সালে তিনি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে রসায়নে এম.এসসি. ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। তার বাবা, হাজরাত শাহ আব্দুল মুকিত, একজন ধার্মিক মানুষ ছিলেন। ১৯৫৩ সালে, ড. কুদরাত-ই-খুদা মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা বোর্ডের চেয়ারম্যান নিযুক্ত হন, যেখানে তিনি শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থার নতুন কাঠামো দিতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরিকল্পনা করেন। তিনি বাংলাদেশের বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রেখেছেন এবং ১৯৭৭ সালের ৩রা নভেম্বর মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। 3. Cumilla Board - 2019, Dinajpur Board - 2022: Kazi Nazrul Islam Rearranged Sequence: (ix) → (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (ii) → (vii) → (vi) → (viii) → (x) → (i) Story:Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal. He lost his father when he was eight years old and showed his poetic talent by the age of eleven. At nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier to fight in World War I. After returning from the battlefield, he gave up the sword and started writing. He wrote a lot of poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. Unfortunately, he started suffering from a severe illness in 1942, which left him paralyzed for the rest of his life. In 1971, Bangladesh became independent, and Nazrul was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. He was declared the national poet of Bangladesh, and he passed away on 29th August 1976, being buried in the compound of Dhaka University. Bangla Translation:কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে তিনি তার বাবাকে হারান এবং এগারো বছর বয়সেই তার কবিত্বের প্রতিভা প্রকাশ করেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে, তিনি প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ করার জন্য সাধারণ সৈনিক হিসেবে সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগ দেন। যুদ্ধের ময়দান থেকে ফিরে এসে তিনি তরবারি ছেড়ে কলম ধরেন। তিনি অনেক কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোটগল্প, উপন্যাস লিখেছেন। ১৯২৪ সালে তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমীলাকে বিয়ে করেন। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে তিনি একটি ভয়াবহ অসুস্থতায় ভুগতে শুরু করেন এবং জীবনের বাকি সময়টি পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্ত অবস্থায় কাটান। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীন হলে ১৯৭২ সালে তাকে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হয়। তাকে বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি ঘোষণা করা হয় এবং ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তিনি মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। তার কবর ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের প্রাঙ্গণে অবস্থিত। 4. Jashore Board - 2019: The Astrologer and the King Rearranged Sequence: e → a → d → b → i → c → g → h → j → f Story:Once, there was a king who was fond of knowing his future from an astrologer. A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. The king called him to the palace. The astrologer told something very unpleasant, which made the king furious, and he condemned the astrologer to death. However, another thought crossed the king's mind before the astrologer was executed. The king then asked, "How long would you like to live?" The astrologer thought for a while about some ways to escape. With ready wit, he replied, "The stars declare that I’ll die only a week before your death." Bangla Translation:একবার একজন রাজা ছিলেন যিনি ভবিষ্যৎ জানার জন্য একজন জ্যোতিষীর প্রতি আগ্রহী ছিলেন। একটি ভালো জ্যোতিষী রাজার রাজধানীতে আসেন। রাজা তাকে রাজপ্রাসাদে ডেকে নেন। জ্যোতিষী কিছু খুব অসুন্দর কথা বললে রাজা রেগে যান এবং জ্যোতিষীকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দেওয়ার আদেশ দেন। তবে, মৃত্যুদণ্ডের আগে রাজার মনে আরেকটি চিন্তা আসে। রাজা তখন জিজ্ঞেস করেন, "তুমি কতদিন বাঁচতে চাও?" জ্যোতিষী তার জীবন রক্ষা করার উপায় নিয়ে কিছুক্ষণ ভাবেন। তিনি তৎপরতা দেখিয়ে উত্তর দেন, "তারা ঘোষণা করে যে আমি কেবল আপনার মৃত্যুর এক সপ্তাহ আগে মারা যাব।" 5. Barishal Board - 2019; Sylhet Board - 2015: Gettysburg Address Rearranged Sequence: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii Story:Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg, where he was going to speak at a meeting. It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in the English language. In the train, he was busy writing something on the back of an envelope. The speech on the envelope is now famous as the "Gettysburg Address." The last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. Bangla Translation:আব্রাহাম লিঙ্কন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ছিলেন। ১৮৬৩ সালের ১০ই নভেম্বর একটি রেলগাড়ি তাকে গেটিসবার্গ নামক স্থানে নিয়ে যাচ্ছিল, যেখানে তিনি একটি সভায় বক্তব্য রাখতে যাচ্ছিলেন। এটি ইংরেজি ভাষার সবচেয়ে সেরা এবং সংক্ষিপ্ত ভাষণগুলির মধ্যে একটি। রেলে তিনি কিছু লিখতে ব্যস্ত ছিলেন, যা একটি খামের পেছনে লেখা ছিল। খামের পেছনের সেই ভাষণটি এখন "গেটিসবার্গ ভাষণ" নামে বিখ্যাত। ভাষণের শেষ শব্দ ছিল: "জনতার সরকার, জনতার দ্বারা, জনতার জন্য পৃথিবী থেকে মুছে যাবে না।" তিনি কাগজে লেখার পরিবর্তে একটি খামের পেছনে লিখছিলেন। 6. Sylhet Board - 2019; Chattogram Board - 2016: The Fox and the Grapes Rearranged Sequence: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii Story:Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. One day, he was very hungry and searched for food everywhere but did not get anything to eat. At last, he entered a vineyard. There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. The grapes were too high for him to reach. He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. Again and again, he jumped, but each time, he failed to reach the grapes. At last, being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. Bangla Translation:একবার একটি জঙ্গলে একটি শিয়াল বাস করত। একদিন, সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত ছিল এবং চারপাশে খাবার খুঁজতে বের হয় কিন্তু কিছুই পায়নি। শেষ পর্যন্ত, সে একটি আঙ্গুরের বাগানে প্রবেশ করে। সেখানে লতা থেকে ঝুলন্ত পাকা আঙুর ছিল। আঙুরগুলি তার নাগালের বাইরে ছিল। সে কিছু দূর থেকে দৌড়ে গিয়ে আঙুরের একটি গুচ্ছের কাছে লাফিয়ে উঠতে চেষ্টা করে কিন্তু পৌঁছাতে পারে না। বারবার সে লাফায়, কিন্তু প্রতিবারই সে আঙুরগুলোর কাছে পৌঁছাতে ব্যর্থ হয়। অবশেষে, ক্লান্ত হয়ে সে চলে যায় এবং বলে যে আঙুরগুলো টক। HSC Board Questions - 2018 1. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013] a) In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. b) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. c) He returned home without any qualification of distinction. d) He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. e) Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. f) At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. g) He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. h) The experience had a lasting effect on his later life. i) However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. j) He gathered much experience from his stay in London. Answer: e→g→f→j →h→a→ c→i→d→b 2. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018(Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board -2011; Dhaka Board-2004] a) They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. b) The blacks were treated cruelly. c) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. d) They were denied all basic human rights. e) Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. f) Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. g) He was thrown behind the prison bar. h) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. i) But the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. j) In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. Answer: h→j→b→d→a→e→c→g→i→f HSC Board Questions - 2017 1. Rearrange the sentences to make a coherent order: [Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2017, Rajshahi Board-2022] a) Then he invited applicants. b) The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. c) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. d) Then he found the desired man. e) He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. f) A number of people applied for the job. g) All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. h) So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. i) When they all arrived, Sultan asked them to dance. j) They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. Answer: c→e→h→a→f→b→j→i→g→d 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Rajshahi Board 2017] a) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. b) He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. c) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. d) Aristotle was born in Greece. e) His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so. f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. g) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. h) ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. i) He was the son of a royal physician. j) He wanted to be a free thinker. Answer: d→i→e→j→a→c→f→h→b→g 3. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Cumilla Board 2017, Mymensingh Board-2022] a) As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. b) Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. c) He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. d) He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. e) He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. f) His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. g) Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. h) The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. i) The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. j) Gora Dighi is one of them. Answer: b→d→e→h→a→c→j→g→f→i 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Jashore Board 2017] a) He asked him where God was. b) He praised him highly. c) Once a lad went to a famous teacher. d) The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. f) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. g) He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. h) He agreed to teach the lad. i) He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. Answer: c→i→g→j→a→e→d→b→h 5. The sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Sylhet Board 2017] a) One prize is awarded in each field. b) The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. c) Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. d) He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. e) Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. f) Nobel prizes are awarded everyone for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature and for performing world’s peace. g) The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. h) If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. i) Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time. j) He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. Answer: c→b→d→j→e→f→i→g→a→h 6. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Chattogram Board 2017] a) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. b) He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. c) He was second to none in Bengali Language and literature. d) Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal in 1885. e) He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. f) He passed the entrance and FA exam, in 1904 and 1906. g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature. h) He passed Hons and M. A. in 1910 and 1912.i) He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. j) He got his Ph.D. in 1928. Answer: d→a→f→e→h→i→j→c→g→b 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Dinajpur Board 2017] a) “Please let me go to my country.” b) An English boy was making a small boat. c) “I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” d) He made all arrangements to send him to his country. e) Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. f) Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. g) “I haven’t seen my mother for a long time.” h) The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea.” i) One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. j) The boy was brought before him and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. Answer: i→e→b→j→h→c→g→a→f→d HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board -2016] (i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (ii) He never spoke the rest of his life. (iii) His name was Nambi. (iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (vi) There was a remote village named Somal. (vii) One day, he could not continue his story. (viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. (ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. (x) The villagers were enchanted by a man. Answer: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board- 2016] (i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. (ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. (iii) He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. (iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work. (v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupee is a lot of money.” (vi) Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. (vii) He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” (viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. (ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. (x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night. Answer: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2016, 2004; Barishal Board-2010] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over the over again but failed. (ii) At last he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar the crow drank his full. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. Answer: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2016] (i) The master was very amused. (ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg a car atat folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. (iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. (iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. (v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. (vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. (vii) At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. (viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master. (ix) The cook replied that his master was right. (x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. Answer: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i.

Rearranging Worksheet-5.0 HSC Board Questions - 2019 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board-2019] (i) All the servants were called and interrogated. (ii) In order to find out the thief, the judge chalked out an intelligent plan. (iii) Once a gold necklace was lost from a rich man's house. (iv) The servants were summoned to the court but they denied having stolen the necklace. (v) When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. (vi) But nobody confessed their guilt. (vii) So the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. (viii) The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others and in this way he could easily catch the thief. (ix) Naturally it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. (x) He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and said that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board-2019] (a) He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. (b) He has made great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. (c) Dr.Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May at village Maragra in the district of Birbhum in West Bengal in 1900 AD. (d) In 1925, getting star marks he passed M.Sc in Chemistry from Kolkata Varsity. (e) He died on 3rd November in 1977. His father Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit was a pious man. (f) In 1929, he passed D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. (h) At the age of six, he was admitted into a Furkania Madrasa and then he was admitted into an English School. (i) He made a great plan to give the new structure of education system. (j) In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of Secondary Education Board. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board-2019, Dinajpur Board-2022] (i) He died on August 29, 1976 and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. (ii) He wrote a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. (iii) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (iv) At the age of nineteen, he joined the Army as an ordinary soldier to fight in the First World War. (v) On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (vi) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. (vii) In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. (viii) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (ix) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (x) Then he was declared our national poet by the Government of Bangladesh. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board-2019; Sylhet Board-2013; Rajshahi Board-2012; Dinajpur Board-2012; Dhaka Board-2005] (a) The king was fond of knowing his future from the astrologer. (b) The king called him to the palace. (c) At this, the king got furious and condemned him to death. (d) A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. (e) Once there was a king. (f) With ready wit he said, "The stars declare that I'll die only a week before your death." (g) But another thought crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for execution. (h) The king then asked, “How long would you like to live?” (i) The astrologer told something very unpleasant. (j) He then thought for a while some ways of escape. 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board -2019; Sylhet Board -2015] (i) The last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” (ii) Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. (iii) On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg. (v) It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in English language. (vi) He was going there to speak at a meeting. (vi) On the envelope, it was what he was going to say at the meeting. (vi) These words tell us what the best possible way of ruling a country is. (vii) He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. (ix) In the train, he was busy with writing something. (x) In fact, the speech on the envelope is now famous as “Gettysburg Address.” 6. Rearrange them in proper sequence. [Sylhet Board -2019; Chattogram Board -2016] (i) One day, he was very hungry. (ii) The grapes were too high for him to reach. (iii) Again and again he jumped. (iv) At last, he entered into a vineyard. (v) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (vi) But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. (vii) At last being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (viii) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (ix) He searched food everywhere but he did not get any food. (x) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. HSC Board Questions - 2019 Answer 1. Dhaka Board - 2019: The Lost Necklace Rearranged Sequence: (iii) → (ix) → (i) → (vi) → (vii) → (iv) → (ii) → (x) → (v) → (viii) Story:Once, a gold necklace was lost from a rich man’s house. Naturally, it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. All the servants were called and interrogated, but nobody confessed their guilt. So, the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. The servants were summoned to the court, but they denied having stolen the necklace. In order to find out the thief, the judge devised an intelligent plan. He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and told them that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others, and in this way, he could easily catch the thief. Bangla Translation:একবার একটি ধনী ব্যক্তির বাড়ি থেকে একটি সোনার হার হারিয়ে যায়। স্বাভাবিকভাবেই সন্দেহ করা হয়েছিল যে এক জন কর্মচারী সেই হার চুরি করেছে। সমস্ত কর্মচারীকে ডাকা হয়েছিল এবং জিজ্ঞাসাবাদ করা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু কেউই তাদের অপরাধ স্বীকার করেনি। সুতরাং, বাড়ির মালিক আদালতে অভিযোগ দায়ের করেন। কর্মচারীদের আদালতে ডাকা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু তারা হার চুরির কথা অস্বীকার করে। চোরকে খুঁজে বের করার জন্য বিচারক একটি বুদ্ধিমান পরিকল্পনা করেছিলেন। তিনি প্রতিটি সন্দেহভাজনকে সমান দৈর্ঘ্যের একটি করে লাঠি দিয়েছিলেন এবং বলেছিলেন যে পরের দিন একটি লাঠি এক ইঞ্চি লম্বা হবে। পরের দিন যখন কর্মচারীরা আদালতে এল, তখন চোর তার লাঠি থেকে এক ইঞ্চি কেটে ফেলেছিল। বিচারক একটি লাঠিকে অন্যগুলোর চেয়ে ছোট দেখতে পান এবং এইভাবে তিনি সহজেই চোরকে ধরতে সক্ষম হন। 2. Rajshahi Board - 2019: Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda Rearranged Sequence: c → f → h → a → d → g → j → i → b → e Story:Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May 1900 in the village of Maragra, in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal. In 1929, he passed his D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. At the age of six, he was admitted to a Furkania Madrasa and later enrolled in an English school. He showed extraordinary credit in every school examination. In 1925, he passed M.Sc. in Chemistry from Kolkata University with star marks. His father, Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit, was a pious man. In 1953, Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda was appointed as the Chairman of the Secondary Education Board, where he made great plans to restructure the education system. He made significant contributions to scientific research in Bangladesh and passed away on 3rd November 1977. Bangla Translation:ড. কুদরাত-ই-খুদা ১৯০০ সালের ৮ই মে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বীরভূম জেলার মারাগ্রা গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ১৯২৯ সালে তিনি ইংল্যান্ডের ইম্পেরিয়াল কলেজ থেকে ডি.এস.সি. ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। ছয় বছর বয়সে তাকে ফুরকানিয়া মাদ্রাসায় ভর্তি করা হয়েছিল এবং পরে একটি ইংরেজি স্কুলে ভর্তি হন। তিনি প্রতিটি স্কুল পরীক্ষায় অসাধারণ কৃতিত্ব প্রদর্শন করেন। ১৯২৫ সালে তিনি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে রসায়নে এম.এসসি. ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। তার বাবা, হাজরাত শাহ আব্দুল মুকিত, একজন ধার্মিক মানুষ ছিলেন। ১৯৫৩ সালে, ড. কুদরাত-ই-খুদা মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা বোর্ডের চেয়ারম্যান নিযুক্ত হন, যেখানে তিনি শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থার নতুন কাঠামো দিতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরিকল্পনা করেন। তিনি বাংলাদেশের বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রেখেছেন এবং ১৯৭৭ সালের ৩রা নভেম্বর মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। 3. Cumilla Board - 2019, Dinajpur Board - 2022: Kazi Nazrul Islam Rearranged Sequence: (ix) → (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (ii) → (vii) → (vi) → (viii) → (x) → (i) Story:Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal. He lost his father when he was eight years old and showed his poetic talent by the age of eleven. At nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier to fight in World War I. After returning from the battlefield, he gave up the sword and started writing. He wrote a lot of poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. Unfortunately, he started suffering from a severe illness in 1942, which left him paralyzed for the rest of his life. In 1971, Bangladesh became independent, and Nazrul was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. He was declared the national poet of Bangladesh, and he passed away on 29th August 1976, being buried in the compound of Dhaka University. Bangla Translation:কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে তিনি তার বাবাকে হারান এবং এগারো বছর বয়সেই তার কবিত্বের প্রতিভা প্রকাশ করেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে, তিনি প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ করার জন্য সাধারণ সৈনিক হিসেবে সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগ দেন। যুদ্ধের ময়দান থেকে ফিরে এসে তিনি তরবারি ছেড়ে কলম ধরেন। তিনি অনেক কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোটগল্প, উপন্যাস লিখেছেন। ১৯২৪ সালে তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমীলাকে বিয়ে করেন। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে তিনি একটি ভয়াবহ অসুস্থতায় ভুগতে শুরু করেন এবং জীবনের বাকি সময়টি পক্ষাঘাতগ্রস্ত অবস্থায় কাটান। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীন হলে ১৯৭২ সালে তাকে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হয়। তাকে বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি ঘোষণা করা হয় এবং ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তিনি মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। তার কবর ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের প্রাঙ্গণে অবস্থিত। 4. Jashore Board - 2019: The Astrologer and the King Rearranged Sequence: e → a → d → b → i → c → g → h → j → f Story:Once, there was a king who was fond of knowing his future from an astrologer. A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. The king called him to the palace. The astrologer told something very unpleasant, which made the king furious, and he condemned the astrologer to death. However, another thought crossed the king's mind before the astrologer was executed. The king then asked, "How long would you like to live?" The astrologer thought for a while about some ways to escape. With ready wit, he replied, "The stars declare that I’ll die only a week before your death." Bangla Translation:একবার একজন রাজা ছিলেন যিনি ভবিষ্যৎ জানার জন্য একজন জ্যোতিষীর প্রতি আগ্রহী ছিলেন। একটি ভালো জ্যোতিষী রাজার রাজধানীতে আসেন। রাজা তাকে রাজপ্রাসাদে ডেকে নেন। জ্যোতিষী কিছু খুব অসুন্দর কথা বললে রাজা রেগে যান এবং জ্যোতিষীকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দেওয়ার আদেশ দেন। তবে, মৃত্যুদণ্ডের আগে রাজার মনে আরেকটি চিন্তা আসে। রাজা তখন জিজ্ঞেস করেন, "তুমি কতদিন বাঁচতে চাও?" জ্যোতিষী তার জীবন রক্ষা করার উপায় নিয়ে কিছুক্ষণ ভাবেন। তিনি তৎপরতা দেখিয়ে উত্তর দেন, "তারা ঘোষণা করে যে আমি কেবল আপনার মৃত্যুর এক সপ্তাহ আগে মারা যাব।" 5. Barishal Board - 2019; Sylhet Board - 2015: Gettysburg Address Rearranged Sequence: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii Story:Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg, where he was going to speak at a meeting. It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in the English language. In the train, he was busy writing something on the back of an envelope. The speech on the envelope is now famous as the "Gettysburg Address." The last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. Bangla Translation:আব্রাহাম লিঙ্কন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ছিলেন। ১৮৬৩ সালের ১০ই নভেম্বর একটি রেলগাড়ি তাকে গেটিসবার্গ নামক স্থানে নিয়ে যাচ্ছিল, যেখানে তিনি একটি সভায় বক্তব্য রাখতে যাচ্ছিলেন। এটি ইংরেজি ভাষার সবচেয়ে সেরা এবং সংক্ষিপ্ত ভাষণগুলির মধ্যে একটি। রেলে তিনি কিছু লিখতে ব্যস্ত ছিলেন, যা একটি খামের পেছনে লেখা ছিল। খামের পেছনের সেই ভাষণটি এখন "গেটিসবার্গ ভাষণ" নামে বিখ্যাত। ভাষণের শেষ শব্দ ছিল: "জনতার সরকার, জনতার দ্বারা, জনতার জন্য পৃথিবী থেকে মুছে যাবে না।" তিনি কাগজে লেখার পরিবর্তে একটি খামের পেছনে লিখছিলেন। 6. Sylhet Board - 2019; Chattogram Board - 2016: The Fox and the Grapes Rearranged Sequence: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii Story:Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. One day, he was very hungry and searched for food everywhere but did not get anything to eat. At last, he entered a vineyard. There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. The grapes were too high for him to reach. He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. Again and again, he jumped, but each time, he failed to reach the grapes. At last, being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. Bangla Translation:একবার একটি জঙ্গলে একটি শিয়াল বাস করত। একদিন, সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত ছিল এবং চারপাশে খাবার খুঁজতে বের হয় কিন্তু কিছুই পায়নি। শেষ পর্যন্ত, সে একটি আঙ্গুরের বাগানে প্রবেশ করে। সেখানে লতা থেকে ঝুলন্ত পাকা আঙুর ছিল। আঙুরগুলি তার নাগালের বাইরে ছিল। সে কিছু দূর থেকে দৌড়ে গিয়ে আঙুরের একটি গুচ্ছের কাছে লাফিয়ে উঠতে চেষ্টা করে কিন্তু পৌঁছাতে পারে না। বারবার সে লাফায়, কিন্তু প্রতিবারই সে আঙুরগুলোর কাছে পৌঁছাতে ব্যর্থ হয়। অবশেষে, ক্লান্ত হয়ে সে চলে যায় এবং বলে যে আঙুরগুলো টক। HSC Board Questions - 2018 1. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013] a) In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. b) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. c) He returned home without any qualification of distinction. d) He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. e) Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. f) At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. g) He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. h) The experience had a lasting effect on his later life. i) However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. j) He gathered much experience from his stay in London. 2. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018(Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board -2011; Dhaka Board-2004] a) They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. b) The blacks were treated cruelly. c) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. d) They were denied all basic human rights. e) Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. f) Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. g) He was thrown behind the prison bar. h) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. i) But the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. j) In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. HSC Board Questions - 2018 Answer 1. HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013: Rabindranath Tagore Rearranged Sequence: e → g → f → j → h → a → c → i → d → b Story:Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. He gathered much experience from his stay in London, and this experience had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. He returned home without any qualification of distinction. However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. Bangla Translation:রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ১৮৬১ সালে কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকোতে একটি মর্যাদাপূর্ণ পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ছোটবেলায় স্কুলে যান এবং আট বছর বয়সে তাঁর প্রথম কবিতা লেখেন। সতেরো বছর বয়সে, ১৮৭৮ সালে, তিনি পড়াশোনা করতে লন্ডনে যান। লন্ডনে থাকার সময় তিনি অনেক অভিজ্ঞতা অর্জন করেন এবং এই অভিজ্ঞতার জীবন তার পরবর্তী জীবনে একটি স্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলে। ১৮৮০ সালে রবীন্দ্রনাথকে ভারতের বাড়িতে ডেকে আনা হয়। তিনি কোনো বিশেষ যোগ্যতা ছাড়াই বাড়িতে ফিরে আসেন। তবে তিনি কখনই কবিতা লেখার অভ্যাস ছাড়েননি। তিনি গীতাঞ্জলি লিখেন, যা উচ্চমানের বাংলা গানের একটি সংকলন। ১৯১৩ সালে তিনি গীতাঞ্জলির জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার লাভ করেন। 2. HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board-2011; Dhaka Board-2004: Nelson Mandela Rearranged Sequence: h → j → b → d → a → e → c → g → i → f Story:Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. The blacks were treated cruelly and were denied all basic human rights. They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. He was thrown behind the prison bars, but the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. Bangla Translation:নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার সবচেয়ে মহান নেতা ছিলেন। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, তিনি আপারথেডের বিরুদ্ধে সারা জীবন ধরে সংগ্রাম করা বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে মহান নেতাদের একজন। কৃষ্ণাঙ্গদের প্রতি নিষ্ঠুর আচরণ করা হয়েছিল এবং তাদের সমস্ত মৌলিক মানবাধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করা হয়েছিল। তারা নিজেদের দেশে পরবাসী ছিল এবং সকল প্রকার অবমাননার শিকার হয়েছিল। এমনকি কুকুরগুলোরও কৃষ্ণাঙ্গদের চেয়ে অনেক ভালো আচরণ করা হয়েছিল। মহান নেতা অমানবিক এই অনুশীলন শেষ করার শপথ করেছিলেন। তাকে কারাগারের পেছনে নিক্ষেপ করা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু অত্যাচারী শাসকরা তার মনোবল ভাঙতে পারেনি। শেষ পর্যন্ত, মহান নেতা তার নিজের জনগণের মুক্তির লক্ষ্য অর্জন করেন। HSC Board Questions - 2017 1. Rearrange the sentences to make a coherent order: [Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2017, Rajshahi Board-2022] a) Then he invited applicants. b) The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. c) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. d) Then he found the desired man. e) He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. f) A number of people applied for the job. g) All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. h) So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. i) When they all arrived, Sultan asked them to dance. j) They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. Answer: c→e→h→a→f→b→j→i→g→d 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Rajshahi Board 2017] a) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. b) He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. c) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. d) Aristotle was born in Greece. e) His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so. f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. g) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. h) ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. i) He was the son of a royal physician. j) He wanted to be a free thinker. Answer: d→i→e→j→a→c→f→h→b→g 3. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Cumilla Board 2017, Mymensingh Board-2022] a) As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. b) Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. c) He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. d) He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. e) He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. f) His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. g) Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. h) The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. i) The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. j) Gora Dighi is one of them. Answer: b→d→e→h→a→c→j→g→f→i 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Jashore Board 2017] a) He asked him where God was. b) He praised him highly. c) Once a lad went to a famous teacher. d) The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. f) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. g) He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. h) He agreed to teach the lad. i) He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. Answer: c→i→g→j→a→e→d→b→h 5. The sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Sylhet Board 2017] a) One prize is awarded in each field. b) The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. c) Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. d) He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. e) Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. f) Nobel prizes are awarded everyone for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature and for performing world’s peace. g) The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. h) If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. i) Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time. j) He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. Answer: c→b→d→j→e→f→i→g→a→h 6. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Chattogram Board 2017] a) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. b) He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. c) He was second to none in Bengali Language and literature. d) Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal in 1885. e) He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. f) He passed the entrance and FA exam, in 1904 and 1906. g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature. h) He passed Hons and M. A. in 1910 and 1912.i) He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. j) He got his Ph.D. in 1928. Answer: d→a→f→e→h→i→j→c→g→b 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Dinajpur Board 2017] a) “Please let me go to my country.” b) An English boy was making a small boat. c) “I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” d) He made all arrangements to send him to his country. e) Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. f) Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. g) “I haven’t seen my mother for a long time.” h) The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea.” i) One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. j) The boy was brought before him and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. Answer: i→e→b→j→h→c→g→a→f→d HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board -2016] (i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (ii) He never spoke the rest of his life. (iii) His name was Nambi. (iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (vi) There was a remote village named Somal. (vii) One day, he could not continue his story. (viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. (ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. (x) The villagers were enchanted by a man. Answer: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board- 2016] (i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. (ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. (iii) He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. (iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work. (v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupee is a lot of money.” (vi) Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. (vii) He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” (viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. (ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. (x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night. Answer: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2016, 2004; Barishal Board-2010] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over the over again but failed. (ii) At last he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar the crow drank his full. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. Answer: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2016] (i) The master was very amused. (ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg a car atat folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. (iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. (iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. (v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. (vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. (vii) At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. (viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master. (ix) The cook replied that his master was right. (x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. Answer: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i.

Rearranging Worksheet-5.0 HSC Board Questions - 2024 Rearrange the sentence for HSC 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Dhaka Board-2024] (i) For this, he was awarded gold medal in all India. (ii) Joynul Abedin was such a personality who enriched our culture. (iii) The artist did not like the hard rules of school. (iv) He died on 28 May, 1976 in Dhaka. (v) Joynul Abedin was born at a village in Kishoregonj in 1914. (vi) The great personality is a person who contributed for his country or the people. (vii) He drew the pictures of the famine of the 2nd world war and got huge reputation. (viii) His father Tamij Uddin was a police officer. (ix) So, at the age of 15, he went to Kolkata and was admitted in a Government Art College. (x) He was a great artist who owned name and fame for himself and his country. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Rajshahi Board-2024] (i) Knowledge of these machines is essential to keep pace with the future world. (ii) The sooner we can make and activate this plan, the be for us.. better it will (iii) This is known to be AI (Artificial Intelligence) Revolution. (iv) Therefore, learning technology and achieving technological skill should be thought of seriously. (v) The machines will mainly include computer, mobile phone and robot. (vi) But we can no longer wait; exact an made now. and realistic plan should be (vii) The fourth revolution is knocking at the door. (viii) Those who are skillful in it will survive successfully. (ix) We have not yet been prepared for this sort of education. (x) This revolution will turn the world into a machine-based one. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Cumilla Board-2024] (a) The angel took down his request and went away. (b) His name was Abu Ben Adhem. (c) Abu then requested him to put his name in the list because he loved mankind and his fellow brothers. (d) He again appeared the next night and showed Abu that his name was at the top of the list. (e) The angel was writing the names of persons who loved God. (f) Once upon a time there was an honest and pious man. (g) He asked the angel if his name was there. (h) He was once sleeping peacefully. (i) In reply the angel said that his name was not there. (j) Suddenly he woke up and he saw an angel. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Mymensingh Board-2024] (i) He asked him where God is. (ii) He praised him highly. (iii) Once a lad went to a famous teacher. (iv) The teacher thought highly of the boy's understanding. (v) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. (vi) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. (vii) He begged to instruct him in arts and science. (viii) He agreed to teach the lad. (ix) He expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. (x) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Barishal Board-2024] (i) Hojja became furious and decided to teach him a lesson. (ii) Suddenly, he saw someone calling from below. (iii) Hojja immediately replied, "Why did you make me climb the way down stairs to ask for money? Couldn't you see that I was working?" (iv) When he came near, the man said that he was a beggar and wanted some money. (v) One day, Nasiruddin Hojja was mending a hole on the roof of his two storeyed house. (vi) The beggar was very surprised and asked why Hojja had made him climb the stairs to say he had no money. (vii) When they both got to the rooftop, where he was previously working, Hojja turned towards the man and said, "Sorry, I have no money, so you have to leave." (viii) He saw there was a man standing at the foot of the stairs and was asking him to get down and listen to him. (ix) So, he told the man to climb the stairs with him. (x) Being curious, he climbed down from the roof and went down the stairs. 6.Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order [Chattogram Board-2024] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over again and again, but it had no effect. (ii) At last, he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and dropped them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to have a drink. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank and met up his thirst. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Dinajpur Board-2024] (a) There she became a teacher of a school in Kolkata. (b) Soon her activities for the service of mankind spread all over the world. (c) She was on her heels for her selfless services to mankind even at her old age. (d) As a recognition to her service, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979. (e) She was one of those people who dedicated their lives to the service of mankind. When she was eighteen, she decided to be a nun and came to Kolkata. (g) She swore to dedicate her life for the cause of helpless and poor people. (h) She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910. (i) She was also given 'Bharat Ratna Award' in the following year. (j) You have heard the name of Mother Teresa. 8. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order[Jashore Board-2024] (a) The cook was very stubborn. (b) The cook could not check his temptation and ate one of the drumsticks. (c) The master was also very clever and was not to be fooled so easily. (d) The cook was more than clever. (e) He replied that it was a one-legged duck. (f) Once a cook roasted a duck for his master and it looked very delicious. (g) The master came to have his meal and noticed one of the legs missing. (h) He said that there was no one-legged duck. (i) He asserted that this duck had only one leg. (j) He asked what had happened to the other leg. HSC Board Questions - 2024 Answers: 1. Joynul Abedin: The Great Artist Sequence: (v) + (viii) + (ii) + (vi) + (x) + (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (iv) + (i) Joynul Abedin was born in 1914 in a village in Kishoregonj. His father, Tamij Uddin, was a police officer. From an early age, Joynul developed a passion for art, but he didn’t like the hard rules of school. At the age of 15, he went to Kolkata and enrolled in a Government Art College. Joynul Abedin was a great artist who enriched our culture. His artwork gained fame, especially his paintings depicting the famine during the 2nd World War, which earned him significant recognition. He was awarded a gold medal in all of India for his contributions. The great personality is someone who contributes to their country and people. Joynul Abedin was such a person. He died on 28 May, 1976, in Dhaka, leaving behind a legacy that will never be forgotten. Bangla Translation: জয়নুল আবেদিন: মহান শিল্পী ক্রম: (v) + (viii) + (ii) + (vi) + (x) + (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (iv) + (i) জয়নুল আবেদিন ১৯১৪ সালে কিশোরগঞ্জের একটি গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর পিতা তামিজ উদ্দিন একজন পুলিশ অফিসার ছিলেন। ছোটবেলা থেকেই জয়নুল শিল্পের প্রতি আগ্রহ দেখিয়েছিলেন, তবে তিনি স্কুলের কঠোর নিয়ম পছন্দ করতেন না। ১৫ বছর বয়সে তিনি কলকাতা চলে যান এবং একটি সরকারি শিল্পকলায় ভর্তি হন। জয়নুল আবেদিন ছিলেন একজন মহান শিল্পী যিনি আমাদের সংস্কৃতিকে সমৃদ্ধ করেছেন। তাঁর চিত্রকলার মধ্যে দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধের দুর্ভিক্ষের চিত্র বিশেষভাবে পরিচিত এবং এর জন্য তিনি ব্যাপক প্রশংসা লাভ করেন। তাঁর শিল্পকর্মের জন্য তিনি সারা ভারত থেকে স্বর্ণপদক পান। মহান ব্যক্তিত্ব সেই মানুষকে বলা হয় যারা দেশের বা মানুষের জন্য কিছু অবদান রাখেন। জয়নুল আবেদিন ছিলেন এমনই একজন। ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৮ মে ঢাকা শহরে তাঁর মৃত্যু ঘটে, কিন্তু তিনি যে অবদান রেখে গেছেন তা কখনো ভুলে যাওয়া যাবে না। 2. The Age of AI Revolution Sequence: (vii) + (iii) + (x) + (v) + (i) + (viii) + (iv) + (ix) + (ii) + (vi) The fourth revolution is knocking at the door. This is known as the AI (Artificial Intelligence) Revolution. The machines will mainly include computers, mobile phones, and robots. This revolution will turn the world into a machine-based one. Knowledge of these machines is essential to keep pace with the future world. Therefore, learning technology and achieving technological skills should be taken seriously. Those who are skillful in it will survive successfully. We have not yet been prepared for this kind of education. But we can no longer wait; a realistic plan should be made now. The sooner we can make and activate this plan, the better it will be for us. Bangla Translation: এআই বিপ্লবের যুগ ক্রম: (vii) + (iii) + (x) + (v) + (i) + (viii) + (iv) + (ix) + (ii) + (vi) চতুর্থ বিপ্লব দরজায় কড়া নাড়ছে। এটি এআই (কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা) বিপ্লব হিসেবে পরিচিত। মেশিনগুলোর মধ্যে প্রধানত কম্পিউটার, মোবাইল ফোন এবং রোবট থাকবে। এই বিপ্লব পৃথিবীকে একটি মেশিন-ভিত্তিক বিশ্বে পরিণত করবে। এই মেশিনগুলির সম্পর্কে জ্ঞান ভবিষ্যতের পৃথিবীর সাথে তাল মেলানোর জন্য অপরিহার্য। অতএব, প্রযুক্তি শেখা এবং প্রযুক্তিগত দক্ষতা অর্জনকে গুরুত্ব সহকারে নেওয়া উচিত। যারা এতে দক্ষ হবে তারা সফলভাবে বাঁচতে পারবে। আমরা এখনও এই ধরনের শিক্ষার জন্য প্রস্তুত নই। তবে আমরা আর অপেক্ষা করতে পারি না; এখনই একটি বাস্তবসম্মত পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করা উচিত। যত তাড়াতাড়ি আমরা এই পরিকল্পনাটি তৈরি এবং বাস্তবায়ন করতে পারব, তত ভাল হবে আমাদের জন্য। 3. Abu Ben Adhem: A Story of Selfless Love Sequence: (f) + (b) + (h) + (j) + (e) + (g) + (c) + (a) + (d) + (i) Once upon a time, there was an honest and pious man named Abu Ben Adhem. One night, while he was sleeping peacefully, he woke up and saw an angel. The angel was writing the names of persons who loved God. Abu asked the angel if his name was on the list. In reply, the angel said that his name was not there. Abu then requested the angel to add his name to the list because he loved mankind and his fellow brothers. The angel took down his request and went away. The next night, the angel appeared again and showed Abu that his name was at the top of the list. Abu's love for mankind earned him a place in God's list. Bangla Translation: আবু বেন আদহেম ক্রম: (f) + (b) + (h) + (j) + (e) + (g) + (c) + (a) + (d) + (i) একটি সময়ের কথা, একজন সৎ ও ধার্মিক ব্যক্তি ছিলেন, যাঁর নাম আবু বেন আদহেম। এক রাতে, যখন তিনি শান্তিপূর্ণভাবে ঘুমাচ্ছিলেন, তিনি হঠাৎ উঠে দেখেন একটি ফেরেশতা। ফেরেশতা ছিল সেই সব মানুষের নাম লিখছে যারা আল্লাহকে ভালোবাসে। আবু ফেরেশতাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, "আমার নাম কি তালিকায় আছে?" উত্তরে ফেরেশতা বললেন যে তাঁর নাম সেখানে নেই। তখন আবু ফেরেশতাকে অনুরোধ করলেন যে, তাঁর নাম তালিকায় যোগ করা হোক, কারণ তিনি মানবজাতিকে ভালোবাসেন। ফেরেশতা তাঁর অনুরোধ গ্রহণ করে চলে গেলেন। পরবর্তী রাতে ফেরেশতা আবার উপস্থিত হন এবং আবুকে দেখান যে তাঁর নাম তালিকার শীর্ষে রয়েছে। আবুর মানবপ্রেম তাঁকে আল্লাহর তালিকায় স্থান এনে দিয়েছে। 4. The Wise Boy and the Teacher Sequence: (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (x) + (i) + (v) + (iv) + (ii) + (viii) + (vi) Once, a lad went to a famous teacher to learn arts and science. The boy expressed his desire to acquire knowledge and begged the teacher to instruct him. The teacher thought highly of the boy's understanding and agreed to teach him. The teacher asked him where God is. The boy, who was very clever, replied that he would answer if the teacher told him where God is not. The teacher praised him highly for his intelligence. The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge under the teacher's guidance. The teacher was pleased with the boy’s sharp wit and great understanding. Bangla Translation: বুদ্ধিমান ছেলে এবং শিক্ষক ক্রম: (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (x) + (i) + (v) + (iv) + (ii) + (viii) + (vi) একদিন, একটি ছেলে একজন বিখ্যাত শিক্ষক কাছে আর্ট এবং বিজ্ঞান শেখার জন্য গিয়েছিল। ছেলেটি জ্ঞান অর্জন করার ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করল এবং শিক্ষককে অনুরোধ করল তাঁকে শেখানোর জন্য। শিক্ষক ছেলেটির বুদ্ধিমত্তাকে খুবই উচ্চ মূল্যায়ন করে তাঁকে শেখানোর জন্য সম্মত হন। শিক্ষক তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, "এখন তুমি বলো, কোথায় আল্লাহ আছেন?" ছেলেটি, যিনি অত্যন্ত বুদ্ধিমান ছিলেন, উত্তর দিলেন, "তুমি আমাকে বললে, আমি বলব, তুমি আমাকে বলো কোথায় আল্লাহ নেই।" শিক্ষক ছেলেটির বুদ্ধিমত্তা প্রশংসা করলেন। ছেলেটি শিক্ষক থেকে জ্ঞান অর্জনে নিজেকে নিবেদিত করলেন। শিক্ষক ছেলেটির তীক্ষ্ণ বুদ্ধি এবং গভীর বুঝকে সন্তুষ্টি সহকারে দেখলেন। 5. Nelson Mandela: The Symbol of Freedom Sequence: (vi) + (i) + (viii) + (iv) + (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (ii) + (x) + (v) Nelson Mandela is a name that inspires the world. He was born on July 18, 1918, in the small village of Mvezo, South Africa. From a young age, Mandela was determined to fight against injustice and inequality. He joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 and worked tirelessly to end apartheid, a system of racial segregation in South Africa. Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years due to his opposition to this system. Despite the hardships, his spirit remained unbroken, and he became a global icon of resistance and perseverance. Finally, in 1990, Mandela was released, and his efforts bore fruit when apartheid was abolished. In 1994, Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa, marking the beginning of a new era for the country. He was a symbol of peace, forgiveness, and unity. Mandela passed away on December 5, 2013, but his legacy continues to inspire generations. Bangla Translation: নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা: স্বাধীনতার প্রতীক ক্রম: (vi) + (i) + (viii) + (iv) + (iii) + (ix) + (vii) + (ii) + (x) + (v) নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা এমন একটি নাম যা সারা পৃথিবীকে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। তিনি ১৮ জুলাই, ১৯১৮ সালে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার মভেজো গ্রামের একটি ছোট গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ছোটবেলা থেকেই ম্যান্ডেলা অন্যায় এবং অসাম্যের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করতে দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ ছিলেন। ১৯৪৪ সালে তিনি আফ্রিকান ন্যাশনাল কংগ্রেস (এএনসি)-এ যোগ দেন এবং দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকায় বর্ণবৈষম্যের (এপার্টহেইড) অবসানের জন্য নিরলস পরিশ্রম করেন। ম্যান্ডেলাকে এই ব্যবস্থার বিরোধিতা করার জন্য ২৭ বছর কারাগারে কাটাতে হয়। কঠোর পরিশ্রম সত্ত্বেও, তাঁর মনোবল ভেঙে যায়নি এবং তিনি প্রতিরোধ এবং ধৈর্যের একটি বিশ্ব প্রতীক হয়ে ওঠেন। অবশেষে, ১৯৯০ সালে ম্যান্ডেলা মুক্তি পান এবং তাঁর প্রচেষ্টার ফলে বর্ণবৈষম্য বিলুপ্ত হয়। ১৯৯৪ সালে নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার প্রথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ রাষ্ট্রপতি হন, যা দেশের জন্য একটি নতুন যুগের সূচনা করে। তিনি শান্তি, ক্ষমা, এবং ঐক্যের প্রতীক ছিলেন। ম্যান্ডেলা ৫ ডিসেম্বর, ২০১৩ সালে মারা যান, কিন্তু তাঁর উত্তরাধিকার এখনো প্রজন্মকে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। 6. The Merchant and the Golden Egg Sequence: (iii) + (vii) + (ii) + (x) + (viii) + (iv) + (vi) + (v) + (ix) + (i) Once, there lived a merchant who owned a magical hen that laid a golden egg every day. The merchant was very pleased with his fortune. However, over time, greed crept into his heart, and he became impatient. He thought that the hen might have a treasure trove of golden eggs inside. One day, he decided to kill the hen to get all the eggs at once. To his dismay, he found nothing inside the hen. The merchant lost his source of golden eggs forever. Regretting his foolishness, he realized that greed and impatience bring nothing but loss. This story teaches us the importance of patience and contentment. Greed can ruin the blessings we already have in life. Bangla Translation: ব্যবসায়ী এবং সোনার ডিম ক্রম: (iii) + (vii) + (ii) + (x) + (viii) + (iv) + (vi) + (v) + (ix) + (i) একবার, একটি ব্যবসায়ী ছিলেন যার একটি যাদুকরী মুরগি ছিল। এই মুরগিটি প্রতিদিন একটি সোনার ডিম দিত। ব্যবসায়ী তাঁর এই সৌভাগ্যে খুব খুশি ছিলেন। কিন্তু সময়ের সাথে সাথে লোভ তাঁর মনে জায়গা করে নেয় এবং তিনি অধীর হয়ে পড়েন। তিনি ভাবলেন, মুরগির ভিতরে নিশ্চয়ই সোনার ডিমের একটি ভাণ্ডার রয়েছে। একদিন, তিনি সমস্ত ডিম একবারে পাওয়ার জন্য মুরগিটিকে হত্যা করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন। কিন্তু হতাশাজনকভাবে, মুরগির ভিতরে কিছুই পেলেন না। ব্যবসায়ী সোনার ডিমের উৎস চিরতরে হারালেন। নিজের বোকামির জন্য অনুশোচনা করে তিনি উপলব্ধি করলেন যে লোভ এবং অধৈর্য্য শুধু ক্ষতি আনে। এই গল্পটি আমাদের ধৈর্য এবং সন্তুষ্টির গুরুত্ব শেখায়। লোভ আমাদের জীবনের বর্তমান আশীর্বাদ নষ্ট করে দিতে পারে। 7. The Wise King Solomon Sequence: (j) + (h) + (f) + (a) + (g) + (b) + (e) + (d) + (i) + (c) Once upon a time, there lived a wise king named Solomon. He was known for his intelligence and sense of justice. One day, two women came to his court, both claiming to be the mother of the same baby. King Solomon listened carefully and came up with a brilliant plan. He ordered his soldiers to cut the baby in two and give each woman half. One woman agreed, but the other begged to save the baby’s life and give it to the other woman. King Solomon declared the second woman to be the true mother, as only a real mother would prioritize her child’s life over her own claims. His wisdom and ability to find the truth amazed everyone. He remained a symbol of justice and fairness throughout his reign. Bangla Translation: জ্ঞানী রাজা সলোমন ক্রম: (j) + (h) + (f) + (a) + (g) + (b) + (e) + (d) + (i) + (c) একবার এক জ্ঞানী রাজা ছিলেন যার নাম ছিল সলোমন। তিনি তাঁর বুদ্ধি ও ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য পরিচিত ছিলেন। একদিন, দুই মহিলা তাঁর আদালতে এলেন এবং দুজনেই একটি শিশুকে নিজের সন্তান বলে দাবি করলেন। রাজা সলোমন মনোযোগ দিয়ে শুনলেন এবং একটি চমৎকার পরিকল্পনা করলেন। তিনি সৈন্যদের আদেশ দিলেন শিশুটিকে দুই ভাগে কেটে প্রত্যেক মহিলাকে একটি অংশ দিতে। এক মহিলা সম্মত হলেন, কিন্তু অন্যজন শিশুটির জীবন রক্ষার জন্য অনুরোধ করলেন এবং শিশুটিকে অন্য মহিলাকে দিতে বললেন। রাজা সলোমন ঘোষণা করলেন দ্বিতীয় মহিলাই সত্যিকারের মা, কারণ প্রকৃত মা কেবল তাঁর সন্তানের জীবনকেই প্রাধান্য দেবেন। তাঁর প্রজ্ঞা এবং সত্য আবিষ্কারের ক্ষমতা সবাইকে মুগ্ধ করেছিল। তাঁর শাসনামলে তিনি ন্যায়বিচার ও সুশাসনের প্রতীক হয়ে থাকলেন। 8. The Clever Cook and the One-Legged Duck Sequence: (f) + (b) + (g) + (j) + (d) + (e) + (c) + (h) + (a) + (i) Once, there was a clever cook who roasted a duck for his master. The duck looked so delicious that the cook couldn’t resist temptation and ate one of its legs. When the master came to eat, he noticed that the duck was missing one leg. He asked the cook what had happened to the other leg. The clever cook, without hesitation, said it was a one-legged duck. The master was not easily fooled, so he decided to check the matter himself. They went to the pond to observe other ducks, and the cook showed ducks standing on one leg while resting. However, the master clapped his hands, and the ducks put down their other legs and walked away. The master remarked that the duck on his plate could also have had two legs. Despite his cleverness, the cook was caught in his lie and left embarrassed. Bangla Translation: বুদ্ধিমান রাঁধুনি এবং এক পায়ের হাঁস ক্রম: (f) + (b) + (g) + (j) + (d) + (e) + (c) + (h) + (a) + (i) একবার এক বুদ্ধিমান রাঁধুনি ছিলেন, যিনি তাঁর প্রভুর জন্য একটি হাঁস ভুনেছিলেন। হাঁসটি এতই সুস্বাদু লাগছিল যে রাঁধুনি লোভ সামলাতে পারেননি এবং একটি পা খেয়ে ফেললেন। যখন প্রভু খেতে এলেন, তিনি দেখলেন হাঁসটির একটি পা নেই। তিনি রাঁধুনিকে জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন অন্য পাটি কোথায় গেল। বুদ্ধিমান রাঁধুনি দ্বিধা না করে বললেন যে এটি এক পায়ের হাঁস। প্রভু সহজে প্রতারিত হননি, তাই তিনি বিষয়টি নিজে যাচাই করার সিদ্ধান্ত নিলেন। তাঁরা পুকুরে গিয়ে অন্যান্য হাঁস দেখলেন এবং রাঁধুনি হাঁসদের এক পায়ে দাঁড়ানো দেখালেন। তবে, প্রভু হাততালি দিলে হাঁসগুলো অন্য পা নামিয়ে হাঁটতে শুরু করল। প্রভু বললেন, তাঁর প্লেটের হাঁসটিরও দুই পা থাকতে পারত। তাঁর বুদ্ধি সত্ত্বেও রাঁধুনি ধরা পড়ে গেলেন এবং বিব্রত হলেন। HSC Board Questions - 2023 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board 2023] a) “Where is my son?” asked the grocer. b) Then one day, the fruit seller said to the grocer, ”I am going to the town to do some shopping. Please, send your son with me to carry my things.” c) The grocer said, “ The mice ate away your balance and weight. So, I can’t return you.” d) “A crow carried your son away,” replied the fruit seller. e) One day, a grocer borrowed a balance and weights from a fruit seller. f) The grocer sent his son with the fruit seller but he came back alone from the town. g) “You liar! How can a crow carry such a big boy?” The grocer shouted angrily. h) The lame excuse of the dishonest grocer made the fruit seller very angry. But he checked his tamper. i) “Just the same way as mice can eat the balance and weights,” said the fruit seller. j) After a few days, the fruit seller asked the grocer to return his balance and weights. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Mymenshing Board -2023] A) He used to interesting stories to the people of the village. B) He never spoke for the rest of his life. C) His name was Nambi. D) He lived in a temple of the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. E) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. F) There was a remote village named Somal. G) One day, he could not continue his story. H) After a few days, he called the villagers and told them something. I) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. J) The villagers were enchanted by a man. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board-2023] a) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. b) He died in 1969 and remembers him with respect. c) He was second to in Bengali language and literature. d) Dr Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogonas, west Bengal 1885. e) He joined Jashore Zilla School in 1910. f) He passed the Entrance and FA Exam in 1904 and 1906. g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bangla literature. h) He passed Honours and Masters in 1910 and 1912. i) He joined Dhaka University as a Lecture in 1921. j) He got his Ph.D. in 1928. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi board-2023] a) One day, he was very hungry. b) The grapes were too high for him to reach. c) Again and again he jumped. d) At last, he entered into a vineyard. e) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. f) But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. g) At last being tired, he went to say that the grapes were sour. h) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. i) He searched for food everywhere, but he did not get any food. j) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dinajpur Board-2023] a) They dug the hole, killed the snake, and took the necklace. b) The crow at last thought of a plan to get rid of its enemy. c) It stole an expensive necklace of the princess from the royal palace and dropped it into the snake’s hole after scatting a few rubies here and there. d) A snake lived in a hole at the foot of a tree. e) The king became very angry at the loss and sent out men to look for the necklace. f) High up on its branches was the nest of a crow. g) In this way, the snake ate up three of the chicks. h) I the course of time, they noticed the scattered rubies near the hole. i) The crow had four young chicks in its nest. j) Whenever the crow would leave the nest to bring food for its chicks, the snake would climb up and eat one. 6. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board-2023] a) Then he invited applications. b) The applications were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. c) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. d) Then the sultan found the desired man. e) He wanted to appoint in honest man as his six collectors. f) A number of people applied for the job. g) All the applicants blushed and refused except one. h) So, he asked for the wise counsellors’ advice. i) When they arrived, the sultan asked them to dance. j) They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Chattogram Board-2023] a) He asked him where God is. b) He praised him highly. c) Once, a lad went to a famous teacher. d) The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. f) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. g) He bagged to instruct him in the arts and science. h) He agreed to teach the lad. i) He expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. 8. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board-2023] a) The grapes were too high for him to reach. b) One day, he was very hungry. c) Again and again he jumped. d) At last, he entered into a vineyard. e) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. f) At last being tired, he went away saying that grapes but could not reach it. g) But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. h) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. i) He searched for food everywhere, but he did not get any food. j) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. 9. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board-2023] a) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. b) He also wrote books on Biology, Literature, Economics and Comparative Politics. c) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. d) Aristotle was born in Greece. e) His father wanted him to be a physician, but he never cherished to be so. f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. g) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. h) “Politics’’ is one of his famous books which expose fullest development of his wisdom. i) He wanted to be a free thinker. j) He was the son of a royal physician. HSC Board Questions - 2023 Answer Key 1. The Clever Fruit Seller and the Dishonest Grocer Sequence: e+j+c+h+b+f+a+d+g+i Once, a grocer borrowed a balance and weights from a fruit seller. After a few days, the fruit seller asked for their return, but the grocer claimed that mice had eaten them. Hearing this, the fruit seller grew angry but stayed calm. One day, the fruit seller told the grocer he needed to go shopping in town and asked him to send his son along to help carry his goods. The grocer sent his son, but the boy did not return. When the grocer asked where his son was, the fruit seller replied that a crow had carried him away. The grocer angrily shouted that such a thing was impossible. The fruit seller calmly said, “Just as mice can eat weights, a crow can carry a boy.” The grocer realized his mistake and returned the borrowed items. Bangla Translation:বুদ্ধিমান ফল বিক্রেতা এবং অসৎ মুদি ক্রম: e+j+c+h+b+f+a+d+g+i একবার এক মুদি একটি ফল বিক্রেতার কাছ থেকে দাঁড়িপাল্লা ধার নিয়েছিল। কয়েক দিন পরে ফল বিক্রেতা এগুলো ফেরত চাইলে মুদি বলল, ইঁদুর এগুলো খেয়ে ফেলেছে। এ কথা শুনে ফল বিক্রেতা রাগান্বিত হলেও শান্ত রইল। একদিন, ফল বিক্রেতা মুদিকে বলল যে তাকে কেনাকাটা করতে শহরে যেতে হবে এবং তার ছেলেকে সাথে পাঠানোর জন্য অনুরোধ করল। মুদি তার ছেলেকে পাঠিয়েছিল, কিন্তু ছেলেটি আর ফিরে এল না। মুদি জিজ্ঞাসা করল ছেলেটি কোথায়, ফল বিক্রেতা উত্তর দিল, "একটি কাক তাকে উড়িয়ে নিয়ে গেছে।" মুদি রেগে চিৎকার করে বলল, এটি অসম্ভব। ফল বিক্রেতা শান্তভাবে বলল, "যেমন ইঁদুর পাল্লা খেতে পারে, তেমনই কাক একটি ছেলেকে নিয়ে যেতে পারে।" মুদি তার ভুল বুঝতে পারল এবং ধার নেওয়া জিনিসগুলো ফিরিয়ে দিল। 2. Nambi, the Storyteller of Somal Sequence: f+j+c+d+i+a+e+g+h+b In a remote village named Somal, there lived a man named Nambi. He stayed in a temple on the village's edge and spent his days under a banyan tree. Nambi was illiterate, unable even to tell his own age, but he was known for creating fascinating stories. Before narrating a story, he would light a lamp in front of the banyan tree. Villagers gathered eagerly to listen to his stories. One day, while narrating, he could not continue and remained silent. A few days later, Nambi called the villagers and shared his final words. After that, he never spoke again for the rest of his life, leaving the villagers in awe and sorrow. Bangla Translation:নাম্বি, সোমালের গল্পকথক ক্রম: f+j+c+d+i+a+e+g+h+b সোমাল নামে একটি দূরবর্তী গ্রামে নাম্বি নামে একজন লোক বাস করতেন। তিনি গ্রামের প্রান্তের একটি মন্দিরে থাকতেন এবং তার দিনগুলি মন্দিরের সামনে একটি বটগাছের নিচে কাটাতেন। নাম্বি অশিক্ষিত ছিলেন, এমনকি তার নিজের বয়সও বলতে পারতেন না। কিন্তু তিনি চমৎকার গল্প তৈরির জন্য বিখ্যাত ছিলেন। একটি গল্প বলা শুরুর আগে, তিনি বটগাছের সামনে একটি প্রদীপ জ্বালাতেন। গ্রামবাসীরা তার গল্প শুনতে উন্মুখ হয়ে জড়ো হতেন। একদিন গল্প বলার সময় তিনি চুপ হয়ে গেলেন এবং আর গল্প চালিয়ে যেতে পারলেন না। কয়েক দিন পরে, নাম্বি গ্রামবাসীদের ডেকে তার শেষ কথা বললেন। তারপর থেকে তিনি জীবনে আর কখনো কথা বলেননি। গ্রামবাসীরা মুগ্ধ ও শোকাহত হয়ে রইলেন। 3. Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah: A Renowned Linguist Sequence: c+i+g+a+e+d+b+h+f+j Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer in 1912 and contributed greatly to Bangla literature. He was second to none in Bengali language and literature and received several prestigious awards for his work. Born in 1885 in 24 Parganas, West Bengal, he completed his early education at Jashore Zilla School in 1908. He passed his Honours in 1910, Master’s in 1912, and later earned his Ph.D. in 1928. Dr. Shahidullah passed away in 1969, but his legacy lives on as the nation remembers him with respect. Bangla Translation:ড. মোহাম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ: এক বিখ্যাত ভাষাবিদক্রম: c+i+g+a+e+d+b+h+f+j ড. মোহাম্মদ শহীদুল্লাহ বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম বিখ্যাত ভাষাবিদ ছিলেন। ১৯১২ সালে তিনি ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে প্রভাষক হিসেবে যোগদান করেন এবং বাংলা সাহিত্যকে সমৃদ্ধ করতে অসামান্য অবদান রাখেন। বাংলা ভাষা ও সাহিত্যে তিনি অদ্বিতীয় ছিলেন এবং তার কাজের জন্য বেশ কিছু সম্মানজনক পুরস্কার পেয়েছিলেন। তিনি ১৮৮৫ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ২৪ পরগনায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন এবং তার প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা ১৯০৮ সালে যশোর জেলা স্কুলে শেষ করেন। তিনি ১৯১০ সালে অনার্স, ১৯১২ সালে মাস্টার্স এবং পরবর্তীতে ১৯২৮ সালে পিএইচডি ডিগ্রি অর্জন করেন। ড. শহীদুল্লাহ ১৯৬৯ সালে মারা যান, কিন্তু তার স্মৃতি জাতির মাঝে এখনও শ্রদ্ধার সাথে বেঁচে আছে। 4. The Fox and the Sour Grapes Sequence: e+b+i+d+j+a+h+c+g+f Once upon a time, a fox lived in a forest. One day, he felt very hungry and searched for food everywhere, but he found none. Eventually, he entered a vineyard where ripe grapes were hanging on the vines. Seeing them, he ran and jumped to grab the grapes but could not reach them. The fox tried again and again but failed every time. Tired and frustrated, he walked away, saying, "The grapes are sour anyway." This is how the phrase "sour grapes" came to signify giving up on something after failing to achieve it. Bangla Translation:শেয়াল এবং টক আঙুর ক্রম: e+b+i+d+j+a+h+c+g+f একবার এক শেয়াল একটি বনে বাস করত। একদিন সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত বোধ করল এবং খাবারের জন্য চারপাশে খুঁজতে লাগল, কিন্তু কিছুই পেল না। অবশেষে, সে একটি আঙুর বাগানে প্রবেশ করল, যেখানে লতায় পাকা আঙুর ঝুলে ছিল। সেগুলো দেখে সে দৌড়ে লাফিয়ে আঙুর ধরার চেষ্টা করল, কিন্তু পারেনি। শেয়াল বারবার চেষ্টা করল, কিন্তু প্রতিবারই ব্যর্থ হলো। ক্লান্ত ও হতাশ হয়ে সে চলে গেল এবং বলল, "এই আঙুরগুলো তো টক।" এইভাবেই "টক আঙুর" কথাটি এমন কিছুকে বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়, যা ব্যর্থতার পর ছেড়ে দেওয়া হয়। 5. The Crow, the Snake, and the Necklace Sequence: i+e+b+j+h+c+f+d+a A crow lived in a tree, and a snake resided in a hole at the tree’s foot. The crow had four chicks, but whenever it left the nest to gather food, the snake would eat one of them. Frustrated, the crow devised a clever plan to get rid of the snake. It stole a necklace from the princess’s palace and dropped it into the snake’s hole after scattering a few rubies nearby. When the king's men came searching for the stolen necklace, they noticed the rubies and dug up the snake’s hole. The snake was killed, and the necklace was recovered, saving the crow’s remaining chicks. Bangla Translation:কাক, সাপ এবং নেকলেস ক্রম: i+e+b+j+h+c+f+d+a একটি কাক একটি গাছে বাস করত, এবং গাছের পায়ে একটি গর্তে একটি সাপ বাস করত। কাকের চারটি ছানা ছিল, কিন্তু যখনই কাক খাবারের জন্য বাসা ছাড়ত, সাপ একটি করে ছানা খেয়ে ফেলত। হতাশ কাক সাপকে দূর করার জন্য একটি চালাক পরিকল্পনা করল। এটি রাজকুমারীর প্রাসাদ থেকে একটি নেকলেস চুরি করে সাপের গর্তে ফেলে দিল এবং কাছাকাছি কিছু রত্ন ছড়িয়ে দিল। যখন রাজা নেকলেসটি খুঁজতে লোক পাঠালেন, তারা রত্নগুলি দেখে সাপের গর্তটি খুঁড়ল। সাপটি মারা গেল, এবং নেকলেসটি উদ্ধার হলো। কাকের বাকি ছানাগুলি রক্ষা পেল। 6. The Sultan and the Honest Tax Collector Sequence: c+i+g+j+a+e+d+b+h+f Long ago, there was a Sultan in a country who wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. To find the right candidate, he sought advice from his wise counselors. He then invited applications for the job, and many people applied. The applicants were called to meet the Sultan one by one, but before that, they had to walk through a passage lined with gold coins. When they arrived, the Sultan asked them to dance. All the applicants blushed and refused, except one man who showed neither greed nor hesitation. Finally, the Sultan found the honest person he was looking for. Bangla Translation:সুলতান এবং সৎ রাজস্ব সংগ্রাহক ক্রম: c+i+g+j+a+e+d+b+h+f অনেক আগের কথা, একটি দেশে একজন সুলতান বাস করতেন, যিনি একজন সৎ মানুষকে রাজস্ব সংগ্রাহক হিসেবে নিয়োগ করতে চেয়েছিলেন। সঠিক প্রার্থী খুঁজে পেতে তিনি তার জ্ঞানী উপদেষ্টাদের পরামর্শ চাইলেন। এরপর তিনি চাকরির জন্য আবেদনপত্র আহ্বান করলেন এবং অনেক মানুষ আবেদন করল। প্রার্থীদের একে একে সুলতানের সাথে দেখা করতে বলা হয়, তবে তার আগে তাদের একটি স্বর্ণমুদ্রা-ভর্তি পথ দিয়ে হাঁটতে হয়েছিল। যখন তারা পৌঁছাল, সুলতান তাদের নাচতে বললেন। সব প্রার্থী লজ্জায় ম্লান হয়ে নাচতে অস্বীকার করল, তবে একজন মানুষ কোন লোভ বা দ্বিধা দেখাল না। শেষ পর্যন্ত, সুলতান খুঁজে পেলেন সেই সৎ ব্যক্তিকে, যাকে তিনি খুঁজছিলেন। 7. The Wise Teacher and the Curious Boy Sequence: d+f+h+i+j+c+a+e+b Once, a curious lad went to a famous teacher, expressing his desire to acquire knowledge. The teacher, impressed by the boy’s dedication, agreed to teach him. To test his understanding, the teacher asked the boy where God is. The lad cleverly replied, "I will answer if you can tell me where He is not." The teacher was amazed by his intelligence and praised him highly. The boy devoted himself wholeheartedly to his studies, earning knowledge and admiration from everyone. Bangla Translation:জ্ঞানী শিক্ষক এবং কৌতূহলী ছেলে ক্রম: d+f+h+i+j+c+a+e+b একবার একটি কৌতূহলী ছেলে একটি বিখ্যাত শিক্ষকের কাছে গিয়ে তার জ্ঞান অর্জনের ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করল। শিক্ষক ছেলেটির উৎসাহ দেখে মুগ্ধ হয়ে তাকে পড়ানোর সম্মতি দিলেন। ছেলের বোঝার ক্ষমতা পরীক্ষা করতে শিক্ষক তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, ঈশ্বর কোথায়। ছেলেটি বুদ্ধিমত্তার সাথে উত্তর দিল, "আপনি যদি বলতে পারেন তিনি কোথায় নেই, তবে আমি উত্তর দেব।" শিক্ষক তার বুদ্ধি দেখে অবাক হলেন এবং তাকে বেশ প্রশংসা করলেন। ছেলেটি আন্তরিকভাবে তার পড়াশোনায় মনোযোগ দিল এবং সকলের কাছ থেকে জ্ঞান ও প্রশংসা অর্জন করল। 8. The Fox and the Vineyard Sequence: e+b+i+d+j+a+h+c+g+f Once upon a time, a fox lived in a forest. One day, he became very hungry and searched for food everywhere but found none. At last, he entered a vineyard where ripe grapes were hanging high on the vines. The fox tried to reach them by jumping again and again but failed each time. Finally, tired and frustrated, he walked away, muttering, "The grapes are sour anyway." Thus, the phrase "sour grapes" reminds us of how people devalue what they cannot achieve. Bangla Translation:শেয়াল এবং আঙুরের বাগান ক্রম: e+b+i+d+j+a+h+c+g+f একবার একটি শেয়াল একটি বনে বাস করত। একদিন সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত হলো এবং খাবারের জন্য চারপাশে খুঁজল, কিন্তু কিছুই পেল না। অবশেষে সে একটি আঙুরের বাগানে প্রবেশ করল, যেখানে লতায় পাকা আঙুর ঝুলে ছিল। শেয়াল বারবার লাফিয়ে সেগুলো ধরার চেষ্টা করল, কিন্তু প্রতিবারই ব্যর্থ হলো। অবশেষে ক্লান্ত ও হতাশ হয়ে সে চলে গেল এবং বলল, "এই আঙুরগুলো তো টক।" এভাবে "টক আঙুর" আমাদের মনে করিয়ে দেয় কিভাবে মানুষ যা পেতে পারে না, তা অবমূল্যায়ন করে। 9. Aristotle: The Father of Biology Sequence: d+j+e+i+a+c+f+h+b+g Aristotle was born in Greece as the son of a royal physician. Although his father wanted him to become a physician, Aristotle desired to be a free thinker. He studied under the great philosopher Plato, who taught him in his unique way. Later, Aristotle began writing on various topics to enrich human civilization. His famous book Politics showcases the fullest development of his wisdom. He also wrote on Biology, Literature, Economics, and Comparative Politics. Because of his creativity, Aristotle is called the Father of Biology. Bangla Translation:অ্যারিস্টটল: জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক ক্রম: d+j+e+i+a+c+f+h+b+g অ্যারিস্টটল গ্রিসে একটি রাজ পরিবারের চিকিৎসকের পুত্র হিসেবে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। যদিও তার বাবা তাকে চিকিৎসক বানাতে চেয়েছিলেন, অ্যারিস্টটল মুক্তচিন্তা করার ইচ্ছা পোষণ করেছিলেন। তিনি মহান দার্শনিক প্লেটোর অধীনে পড়াশোনা করেন, যিনি তাকে তার নিজস্ব পদ্ধতিতে শিক্ষা দিয়েছিলেন। পরে অ্যারিস্টটল মানব সভ্যতাকে সমৃদ্ধ করার জন্য বিভিন্ন বিষয়ে লেখা শুরু করেন। তার বিখ্যাত বই পলিটিকস তার প্রজ্ঞার পূর্ণ বিকাশ প্রদর্শন করে। তিনি জীববিজ্ঞান, সাহিত্য, অর্থনীতি এবং তুলনামূলক রাজনীতি সম্পর্কেও লিখেছেন। তার সৃষ্টিশীলতার কারণে অ্যারিস্টটলকে জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক বলা হয়। HSC Board Questions - 2022 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board -2022] (a) MRT Line-6 is the first line to be approved from Uttara to Motijheel covering a length of 20 km. (b) This project is being developed by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company. (c) Moreover, this Metro Rail Project will have 16 elevated stations in total. (d) Indeed, the initiative will uplift the traffic system to an internationally advanced level. (e) It is projected to serve 60,000 passengers per hour. (f) The Dhaka Metro Rail Project' is a wise and far-sighted initiative by the current government. (g) It will also reduce the existing traffic jams to a great extent. (h) A total of five lines. MRT 1. 2. 4. 5, and 6 have been proposed for this project. Answer: f + b + h + a + c + e + g + d. Or, f + b + e + g + h + a + c + d. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2022] (a) In 1994, Mandela was elected as the first black president of Africa. (b) After passing nearly three decades, he was freed. (c) Nelson Mandela, the black leader understood the fact. (d) Finally, he left his public life in 2004 and worldly life in 2013. (e) While domination in South Africa was a very inhuman practice. (f) So, he was arrested and sent behind the prison bar. (g) He raised his voice against the cruelties of apartheid. (h) The white African leader F.W. de Klerk Answer: e+c+ g+ f+ b+h+a+d. Or, e + c + g + f + h + b + a + d. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Chattogram Board -2022] (a) He wrote a lot of poems, songs-gazals, short stories, poems, novels, etc. (b) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (c) At the age of nineteen, he joined the Army as an ordinary soldier to the fight in the First World War. (d) On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (e) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a fatal disease since 1942 and remained paralysed for the rest of his life. (f) In 1924 he married Promila in Kolkata. (g) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (h) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. Answer: h + b + c + d + a + f + e + g. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2022] (a) Due to this drastic change, people cannot decide what appropriately to do to fight this danger. (b) We are witnessing a serious education crisis that was once beyond imagination. (c) Because of the inconceivable Covid-19 disaster, the entire world is passing a very difficult time. (d) They also find difficulties keeping pace with this change. (e) This disaster has changed the world scenario drastically. (f) The hope is that with the problems, some prospects are also appearing. (g) Our education sector is undergoing the same critical condition. (h) However, there is a ray of hope. Answer: c + e + a + d + g + b + h + f. 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board -2022] (a) Haji Mohsin took him to another room and opened a box. (b) Haji Mohsin woke up and caught hold of the thief. (c) The box was full of gold and money. (d) He took pity with the poor man. (e) He was famous for his kindness. (f) Haji Mohsin helped the poor and the helpless people with food and clothes. (g) A thief entered into his bedroom one night. (h) The man said, "Sir, I am very poor, I have no food in my house." Answer: f + e + g + b + h + d + a + c. 6. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dinajpur Board -2022] (a) He died on August 29, 1976 and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. (b) He wrote a lot of poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, novels, etc. (c) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (d) At the age of nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier but after the First World War, he gave up the sword for the pen. (e) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. (f) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (g) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (h) Then he was declared our national poet by the government of Bangladesh. Answer: g + c + d + b + e + f + h + a. Or, g + c + b + d + e + f + h + a. HSC Board Questions - 2022 Answer 1. The Dhaka Metro Rail Project Sequence: f + b + h + a + c + e + g + d The Dhaka Metro Rail Project is a wise and far-sighted initiative by the current government. This project is being developed by the Dhaka Mass Transit Company. The project proposes a total of five lines, namely MRT 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6. MRT Line-6 is the first line to be approved, stretching from Uttara to Motijheel, covering a distance of 20 km. It will have a total of 16 elevated stations. It is projected to serve 60,000 passengers per hour, and it will significantly reduce the existing traffic jams. Indeed, the initiative will elevate the traffic system to an internationally advanced level. Bangla Translation:ঢাকা মেট্রো রেল প্রকল্প ক্রম: f + b + h + a + c + e + g + d ঢাকা মেট্রো রেল প্রকল্প বর্তমান সরকারের একটি জ্ঞানী এবং দূরদর্শী উদ্যোগ। এই প্রকল্পটি ঢাকা ম্যাস ট্রানজিট কোম্পানি দ্বারা উন্নয়নাধীন। প্রকল্পটির মধ্যে পাঁচটি লাইনের প্রস্তাব রয়েছে, যথা MRT 1, 2, 4, 5, এবং 6। MRT লাইনের ৬টি প্রথম লাইনের অনুমোদন পাওয়া গেছে, যা উত্তরা থেকে মতিঝিল পর্যন্ত ২০ কিলোমিটার দীর্ঘ। এতে মোট ১৬টি উঁচু স্টেশন থাকবে। এটি ঘণ্টায় ৬০,০০০ যাত্রী পরিবহন করবে এবং বিদ্যমান ট্রাফিক জ্যামকে উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে কমাবে। নিঃসন্দেহে, এই উদ্যোগটি আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে উন্নত ট্রাফিক ব্যবস্থায় উন্নীত হবে। 2. Nelson Mandela's Struggle for FreedomSequence: e + c + g + f + b + h + a + d Due to the inhuman domination in South Africa, Nelson Mandela, the black leader, understood the importance of fighting for equality. He raised his voice against the cruelties of apartheid, a policy of racial segregation and discrimination. As a result, he was arrested and sent to prison. After spending nearly three decades in prison, Mandela was freed. The white African leader F.W. de Klerk played an important role in ending apartheid. In 1994, Mandela was elected as the first black president of South Africa. Finally, he left public life in 2004 and passed away in 2013. Bangla Translation:নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলার স্বাধীনতার সংগ্রামক্রম: e + c + g + f + b + h + a + d দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকায় অমানবিক শাসনের কারণে, নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা, এই কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ নেতা, সমতা প্রতিষ্ঠার গুরুত্ব বুঝেছিলেন। তিনি বৈষম্য এবং জাতিগত বিভাজনের বিরুদ্ধে আওয়াজ তুলেছিলেন। এর ফলস্বরূপ, তাকে গ্রেপ্তার করে কারাগারে পাঠানো হয়েছিল। প্রায় তিন দশক কারাবাসের পর, ম্যান্ডেলা মুক্তি পান। সাদা আফ্রিকান নেতা F.W. ডি ক্লার্ক অপরিকল্পিত শাসন শেষ করতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করেছিলেন। ১৯৯৪ সালে, ম্যান্ডেলা দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার প্রথম কৃষ্ণাঙ্গ প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসেবে নির্বাচিত হন। অবশেষে, তিনি ২০০৪ সালে তার জনজীবন ত্যাগ করেন এবং ২০১৩ সালে তার মৃত্যু হয়। 3. Kazi Nazrul Islam: The National Poet of Bangladesh Sequence: h + b + c + d + a + f + e + g Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven, he showed his poetic genius. At the age of nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier and fought in the First World War. After the war, he gave up the sword for the pen and became a poet. He wrote a lot of poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. It was tragic that he had been suffering from a fatal disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. Bangladesh became independent in 1971, and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. He was declared the national poet by the government of Bangladesh. He died on August 29, 1976, and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. Bangla Translation:কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম: বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি ক্রম: h + b + c + d + a + f + e + g কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি আট বছর বয়সে তার পিতাকে হারান এবং এগারো বছর বয়সে তিনি তার কবিতা প্রতিভা দেখান। উনিশ বছর বয়সে তিনি একজন সাধারণ সেনা হিসেবে সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগদান করেন এবং প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে অংশ নেন। যুদ্ধের পর, তিনি তলোয়ার ছেড়ে কলম গ্রহণ করেন এবং একজন কবি হয়ে ওঠেন। তিনি অনেক কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোট গল্প এবং উপন্যাস লিখেছিলেন। ১৯২৪ সালে, তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমিলা সঙ্গে বিবাহ করেন। এটি দুঃখজনক ছিল যে তিনি ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে একটি মারাত্মক রোগে ভুগছিলেন এবং বাকি জীবন পঙ্গু হয়ে থাকেন। বাংলাদেশ ১৯৭১ সালে স্বাধীন হয় এবং তাকে ১৯৭২ সালে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে নিয়ে আসা হয়। তাকে বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি হিসেবে ঘোষণা করা হয়। ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তিনি মারা যান এবং ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ক্যাম্পাসে তাকে সমাধিস্থ করা হয়। 4. The Education Crisis Due to Covid-19 Sequence: c + e + a + d + g + b + h + f The entire world is passing through a very difficult time due to the inconceivable Covid-19 disaster. This disaster has changed the world scenario drastically, and it has led to a serious education crisis, one that was once beyond imagination. People cannot decide what appropriately to do to fight this danger. They also find difficulties in keeping pace with this change. Our education sector is undergoing the same critical condition. We are witnessing a situation where the education system is facing numerous challenges. However, there is a ray of hope, and with these problems, some prospects are also appearing. Bangla Translation:কোভিড-১৯ এর কারণে শিক্ষাব্যবস্থার সংকট ক্রম: c + e + a + d + g + b + h + f বিশ্বব্যাপী কোভিড-১৯ এর অপ্রত্যাশিত বিপর্যয়ের কারণে পুরো পৃথিবী একটি কঠিন সময় পার করছে। এই বিপর্যয়টি বিশ্বের চিত্রটি ব্যাপকভাবে পরিবর্তন করেছে এবং এর ফলে একটি গুরুতর শিক্ষাব্যবস্থা সংকট তৈরি হয়েছে, যা এক সময় কল্পনাতীত ছিল। মানুষ এই বিপদটি মোকাবিলা করতে কীভাবে সঠিকভাবে কাজ করবে তা ঠিক করতে পারছে না। তারা এই পরিবর্তনের সঙ্গে তাল মিলিয়ে চলতে অসুবিধা পাচ্ছে। আমাদের শিক্ষা খাতও একই সংকটজনক অবস্থায় রয়েছে। আমরা এমন একটি পরিস্থিতি দেখছি যেখানে শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা অনেক চ্যালেঞ্জের সম্মুখীন হচ্ছে। তবে, আশার একটি কিরণ রয়েছে এবং এই সমস্যা গুলির মধ্যে কিছু সুযোগও দেখা দিচ্ছে। 5. The Kindness of Haji Mohsin Sequence: f + e + g + b + h + d + a + c Haji Mohsin was famous for his kindness. He helped the poor and the helpless people with food and clothes. One night, a thief entered his bedroom. Haji Mohsin woke up and caught hold of the thief. The man said, "Sir, I am very poor, I have no food in my house." Haji Mohsin took pity on the poor man. He took him to another room and opened a box. The box was full of gold and money. Bangla Translation:হাজি মোহসিনের দয়ালুতা ক্রম: f + e + g + b + h + d + a + c হাজি মোহসিন তার দয়ালুতা জন্য বিখ্যাত ছিলেন। তিনি দুঃস্থ ও অসহায় মানুষদের খাবার ও কাপড় সাহায্য করতেন। এক রাতে, একটি চোর তার শয়নকক্ষে প্রবেশ করে। হাজি মোহসিন ঘুম থেকে উঠে চোরটিকে ধরেন। চোরটি বলল, "স্যার, আমি খুব গরীব, আমার বাড়িতে খাবার নেই।" হাজি মোহসিন সেই গরীব মানুষের প্রতি দয়া দেখালেন। তিনি তাকে আরেকটি কক্ষে নিয়ে গিয়ে একটি বাক্স খুললেন। বাক্সটি সোনালি এবং টাকায় পূর্ণ ছিল। 6. The Legacy of Kazi Nazrul IslamSequence: g + c + b + d + e + f + h + a Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. At the age of eight, he lost his father, but at the age of eleven, he showed his poetic brilliance. When he was nineteen, he joined the army as a soldier and fought in the First World War. After the war, he gave up the sword for the pen and became a renowned poet, writing poems, songs, ghazals, short stories, and novels. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. Unfortunately, he had been suffering from a debilitating disease since 1942 and was paralyzed for the rest of his life. Bangladesh became independent in 1971, and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. Later, he was declared the national poet of Bangladesh. He passed away on August 29, 1976, and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. Bangla Translation:কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের অবদান ক্রম: g + c + b + d + e + f + h + a কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলার একটি গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে তার পিতা মারা যান, কিন্তু এগারো বছর বয়সে তিনি তার কবিতার প্রতিভা প্রদর্শন করেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে তিনি সেনাবাহিনীতে যোগদান করেন এবং প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ করেন। যুদ্ধের পর তিনি তলোয়ার ছেড়ে কলম হাতে নেন এবং একজন বিখ্যাত কবি হয়ে ওঠেন, অনেক কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোট গল্প এবং উপন্যাস লেখেন। ১৯২৪ সালে তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমিলাকে বিয়ে করেন। দুর্ভাগ্যবশত, ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে তিনি একটি অসুস্থতার শিকার হন এবং বাকি জীবনটি পঙ্গুত্ব বরণ করে কাটান। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীন হয় এবং তাকে ১৯৭২ সালে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হয়। পরবর্তীতে তাকে বাংলাদেশের জাতীয় কবি ঘোষণা করা হয়। ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তার মৃত্যু হয় এবং তাকে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ক্যাম্পাসে সমাহিত করা হয়। HSC Board Questions - 2019 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board-2019] (i) All the servants were called and interrogated. (ii) In order to find out the thief, the judge chalked out an intelligent plan. (iii) Once a gold necklace was lost from a rich man's house. (iv) The servants were summoned to the court but they denied having stolen the necklace. (v) When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. (vi) But nobody confessed their guilt. (vii) So the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. (viii) The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others and in this way he could easily catch the thief. (ix) Naturally it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. (x) He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and said that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. Answer: (iii)→(ix)→(i)→(vi)→(vii)→(iv)→(ii)→(x)→ (v)→(viii) 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board-2019] (a) He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. (b) He has made great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. (c) Dr.Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May at village Maragra in the district of Birbhum in West Bengal in 1900 AD. (d) In 1925, getting star marks he passed M.Sc in Chemistry from Kolkata Varsity. (e) He died on 3rd November in 1977. His father Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit was a pious man. (f) In 1929, he passed D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. (h) At the age of six, he was admitted into a Furkania Madrasa and then he was admitted into an English School. (i) He made a great plan to give the new structure of education system. (j) In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of Secondary Education Board. Answer: c→f→h→a→d→g→j→ i→b→e 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board-2019, Dinajpur Board-2022] (i) He died on August 29, 1976 and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. (ii) He wrote a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. (iii) He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven he showed his poetic genius. (iv) At the age of nineteen, he joined the Army as an ordinary soldier to fight in the First World War. (v) On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. (vi) It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. (vii) In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. (viii) Bangladesh became independent in 1971 and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. (ix) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. (x) Then he was declared our national poet by the Government of Bangladesh. Answer: (ix)→(iii)→(iv)→(v)→(ii)→(vii)→(vi)→ (viii)→(x)→(i) 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Jashore Board-2019; Sylhet Board-2013; Rajshahi Board-2012; Dinajpur Board-2012; Dhaka Board-2005] (a) The king was fond of knowing his future from the astrologer. (b) The king called him to the palace. (c) At this, the king got furious and condemned him to death. (d) A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. (e) Once there was a king. (f) With ready wit he said, "The stars declare that I'll die only a week before your death." (g) But another thought crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for execution. (h) The king then asked, “How long would you like to live?” (i) The astrologer told something very unpleasant. (j) He then thought for a while some ways of escape. Answer: e→a →d→b→i→c→g→h→ j→f 5. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Barishal Board -2019; Sylhet Board -2015] (i) The last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” (ii) Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. (iii) On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg. (v) It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in English language. (vi) He was going there to speak at a meeting. (vi) On the envelope, it was what he was going to say at the meeting. (vi) These words tell us what the best possible way of ruling a country is. (vii) He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. (ix) In the train, he was busy with writing something. (x) In fact, the speech on the envelope is now famous as “Gettysburg Address.” Answer: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii 6. Rearrange them in proper sequence. [Sylhet Board -2019; Chattogram Board -2016] (i) One day, he was very hungry. (ii) The grapes were too high for him to reach. (iii) Again and again he jumped. (iv) At last, he entered into a vineyard. (v) Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (vi) But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. (vii) At last being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (viii) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (ix) He searched food everywhere but he did not get any food. (x) There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. Answer: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii. HSC Board Questions - 2019 Answer 1. The Case of the Missing Necklace Sequence: (iii) → (ix) → (i) → (vi) → (vii) → (iv) → (ii) → (x) → (v) → (viii) Once, a gold necklace was lost from a rich man's house. Naturally, it was suspected that one of the servants had stolen the necklace. All the servants were called and interrogated. But nobody confessed their guilt. So, the owner of the house lodged a complaint in the court. In order to find out the thief, the judge chalked out an intelligent plan. He gave each of the suspects a stick of equal length and said that one of the sticks would increase by an inch the next day. When the servants came to the court the next day, the thief had already cut off an inch of his stick. The judge found one of the sticks shorter than the others, and in this way, he could easily catch the thief. Bangla Translation:গায়ে নেকলেসের রহস্য ক্রম: (iii) → (ix) → (i) → (vi) → (vii) → (iv) → (ii) → (x) → (v) → (viii) একবার একটি সোনালী নেকলেস একটি ধনী ব্যক্তির বাড়ি থেকে চুরি হয়ে যায়। স্বাভাবিকভাবেই, সন্দেহ হয় যে একজন চাকর তার চুরি করেছে। সমস্ত চাকরকে ডাকল এবং জিজ্ঞাসাবাদ করা হলো। কিন্তু কেউ তাদের অপরাধ স্বীকার করল না। তাই বাড়ির মালিক আদালতে একটি অভিযোগ দায়ের করেন। চোরকে খুঁজে বের করার জন্য, বিচারক একটি বুদ্ধিমান পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করেন। তিনি প্রতিটি সন্দেহভাজনকে সমান দৈর্ঘ্যের একটি লাঠি দেন এবং বলেন যে পরদিন একটির দৈর্ঘ্য এক ইঞ্চি বাড়ানো হবে। পরদিন যখন চাকররা আদালতে এসেছিল, তখন চোর ইতিমধ্যে তার লাঠির এক ইঞ্চি কেটে ফেলেছিল। বিচারক অন্যদের তুলনায় একটি লাঠি ছোট দেখেন, এবং এইভাবে তিনি সহজেই চোরকে ধরতে সক্ষম হন। 2. The Life and Achievements of Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda Sequence: c → f → h → a → d → g → j → i → b → e Dr. Kudrat-e-Khuda was born on 8th May in the village of Maragra in the district of Birbhum in West Bengal in 1900 AD. In 1925, he passed M.Sc. in Chemistry from Kolkata Varsity, getting star marks. At the age of six, he was admitted into a Furkania Madrasa, and later he joined an English School. He showed extraordinary credit in every examination of the school. In 1929, he passed D.Sc. from Imperial College in England. He made a great contribution to the scientific research of Bangladesh. In 1953, he was appointed Chairman of the Secondary Education Board. He also made a great plan to give the new structure of the education system. He died on 3rd November in 1977. His father, Hazrat Shah Abdul Mukit, was a pious man. Bangla Translation:ড. কুদরত-ই-খোদার জীবন এবং অর্জনক্রম: c → f → h → a → d → g → j → i → b → e ড. কুদরত-ই-খোদা ১৯০০ সালের ৮ই মে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বীরভূম জেলার মাড়াগরা গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। ১৯২৫ সালে তিনি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে এম.এসসি. রসায়নে স্টার মার্কস পেয়ে পাশ করেন। ছয় বছর বয়সে তাকে ফুরকানিয়া মাদ্রাসায় ভর্তি করা হয় এবং পরে তিনি একটি ইংরেজি স্কুলে ভর্তি হন। তিনি স্কুলের প্রতিটি পরীক্ষায় অসাধারণ কৃতিত্ব প্রদর্শন করেন। ১৯২৯ সালে তিনি লন্ডনের ইম্পিরিয়াল কলেজ থেকে ডি.এসসি. পাশ করেন। তিনি বাংলাদেশের বৈজ্ঞানিক গবেষণায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রেখেছেন। ১৯৫৩ সালে তাকে মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা বোর্ডের চেয়ারম্যান হিসেবে নিয়োগ দেওয়া হয়। তিনি শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থার নতুন কাঠামো প্রদান করার জন্য একটি মহান পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করেন। ১৯৭৭ সালের ৩রা নভেম্বর তিনি মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। তার পিতা, হযরত শাহ আবদুল মুকিত, একজন ধর্মপরায়ণ মানুষ ছিলেন। 3. The Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam Sequence: (ix) → (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (ii) → (vii) → (vi) → (viii) → (x) → (i) Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in 1899 in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal. He lost his father at the age of eight and at the age of eleven, he showed his poetic genius. At the age of nineteen, he joined the army as an ordinary soldier to fight in the First World War. On his return from the battlefield, he gave up the sword for the pen. He wrote a lot of poems, songs, gazals, short stories, novels, etc. In 1924, he married Promila in Kolkata. It was tragic that he had been suffering from a cruel disease since 1942 and remained paralyzed for the rest of his life. Bangladesh became independent in 1971, and he was brought to Bangladesh from Kolkata in 1972. Then he was declared our national poet by the Government of Bangladesh. He died on August 29, 1976, and was buried in the compound of Dhaka University. Bangla Translation:কাজী নজরুল ইসলামের জীবন ক্রম: (ix) → (iii) → (iv) → (v) → (ii) → (vii) → (vi) → (viii) → (x) → (i) কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম ১৮৯৯ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের বর্ধমান জেলার একটি গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। আট বছর বয়সে তিনি তার পিতাকে হারান এবং এগারো বছর বয়সে তিনি তার কবিতার প্রতিভা প্রদর্শন করেন। উনিশ বছর বয়সে তিনি সেনাবাহিনীতে একজন সাধারণ সৈনিক হিসেবে যোগ দেন এবং প্রথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ করেন। যুদ্ধে অংশগ্রহণ শেষে তিনি তলোয়ার ছেড়ে কলম হাতে নেন। তিনি বহু কবিতা, গান, গজল, ছোট গল্প, উপন্যাস ইত্যাদি লিখেছেন। ১৯২৪ সালে তিনি কলকাতায় প্রমিলাকে বিয়ে করেন। ১৯৪২ সাল থেকে তিনি একটি কঠিন রোগে ভুগছিলেন এবং তার জীবন বাকী সময় পঙ্গুত্বের মধ্যেই কাটে। ১৯৭১ সালে বাংলাদেশ স্বাধীন হয় এবং তাকে ১৯৭২ সালে কলকাতা থেকে বাংলাদেশে আনা হয়। পরে সরকার তাকে জাতীয় কবি ঘোষণা করে। ১৯৭৬ সালের ২৯ আগস্ট তার মৃত্যু হয় এবং তাকে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ক্যাম্পাসে সমাহিত করা হয়। 4. The Astrologer and the King Sequence: e → a → d → b → i → c → g → h → j → f Once upon a time, there lived a king. The king was fond of knowing his future from the astrologer. A good astrologer visited the capital of the king. The king called him to the palace. The astrologer told something very unpleasant. At this, the king got furious and condemned him to death. But another thought crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for execution. The king then asked, “How long would you like to live?” With ready wit, the astrologer said, "The stars declare that I’ll die only a week before your death." The king thought for a while about some ways of escape. Bangla Translation:জ্যোতিষী এবং রাজা ক্রম: e → a → d → b → i → c → g → h → j → f একদিন, একটি রাজা ছিল। রাজা তার ভবিষ্যত জানার জন্য জ্যোতিষীকে খুব ভালোবাসতেন। এক ভাল জ্যোতিষী রাজ্যের রাজধানীতে এল। রাজা তাকে রাজপ্রাসাদে ডেকে পাঠাল। জ্যোতিষী কিছু খুব অস্বস্তিকর কথা বলল। এতে রাজা রেগে যান এবং তাকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড প্রদান করেন। কিন্তু জ্যোতিষীকে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দেওয়ার আগে রাজা আরেকটি চিন্তা করেন। রাজা তখন জানতে চাইলেন, "আপনি কতদিন বাঁচতে চান?" তীক্ষ্ণ বুদ্ধি দিয়ে জ্যোতিষী বললেন, "তারা বলে, আমি তোমার মৃত্যুর এক সপ্তাহ আগে মরে যাব।" রাজা কিছু সময় ভেবে দেখলেন, যেভাবে মুক্তি পাওয়া যায়। 5. The Gettysburg Address Sequence: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States of America. On the 10th of November 1863, a railway train was carrying him to a place called Gettysburg. He was going there to speak at a meeting. It is one of the finest and shortest speeches in the English language. In the train, he was busy writing something. On the envelope, it was what he was going to say at the meeting. These words tell us what the best possible way of ruling a country is. The speech on the envelope is now famous as the “Gettysburg Address.” In fact, the last words of the speech are: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” He was not writing on paper but on the back of an envelope. Bangla Translation:গেটিসবার্গ ভাষণ ক্রম: ii + iii + v + ix + viii + vi + x + iv + i + vii আব্রাহাম লিঙ্কন ছিলেন মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট। ১৮৬৩ সালের ১০ই নভেম্বর, একটি রেলগাড়ি তাকে গেটিসবার্গ নামক স্থানে নিয়ে যাচ্ছিল। তিনি সেখানে একটি সভায় বক্তৃতা দিতে যাচ্ছিলেন। এটি ইংরেজি ভাষার একটি সেরা এবং সংক্ষিপ্ত বক্তৃতা। রেলগাড়িতে তিনি কিছু লিখতে ব্যস্ত ছিলেন। খামটির ওপর তিনি যা বলবেন সেটি লেখা ছিল। এই শব্দগুলো আমাদের দেখায় একটি দেশের সেরা শাসনব্যবস্থা কী হওয়া উচিত। খামটির ওপর লেখাটি এখন “গেটিসবার্গ ভাষণ” নামে বিখ্যাত। আসলে, ভাষণের শেষ কথাগুলি হলো: “জনতার সরকার, জনতার দ্বারা, জনতার জন্য পৃথিবী থেকে নষ্ট হবে না।” তিনি কাগজে না লিখে একটি খামের পিঠে লিখছিলেন। 6. The Fox and the Grapes Sequence: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. One day, he was very hungry. He searched for food everywhere but he did not get any. At last, he entered into a vineyard. There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. The grapes were too high for him to reach. Again and again he jumped. But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. At last, being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. Bangla Translation:শেয়াল এবং আঙ্গুর ক্রম: v + i + ix + iv + x + viii + ii + iii + vi + vii একটি সময়ে, এক বনভূমিতে একটি শেয়াল বাস করত। একদিন, সে খুব ক্ষুধার্ত ছিল। সে খাবারের জন্য চারপাশে খোঁজ করে, কিন্তু কিছুই পায়নি। অবশেষে, সে একটি আঙ্গুর বাগানে প্রবেশ করল। গাছের লতার উপর সুস্বাদু আঙ্গুর ঝুলছিল। সে একটানা দৌড়ে গেল এবং আঙ্গুরের ঝুড়ির দিকে লাফ দিল কিন্তু পৌঁছাতে পারল না। আঙ্গুরগুলি তার নাগালের বাইরে ছিল। বারবার সে লাফাল, কিন্তু প্রতিবার সে আঙ্গুরের কাছে পৌঁছাতে ব্যর্থ হল। শেষে, ক্লান্ত হয়ে সে চলে গেল এবং বলল যে আঙ্গুরগুলি টক। HSC Board Questions - 2018 1. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013] a) In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. b) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. c) He returned home without any qualification of distinction. d) He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. e) Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. f) At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. g) He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. h) The experience had a lasting effect on his later life. i) However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. j) He gathered much experience from his stay in London. Answer: e→g→f→j →h→a→ c→i→d→b 2. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018(Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board -2011; Dhaka Board-2004] a) They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. b) The blacks were treated cruelly. c) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. d) They were denied all basic human rights. e) Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. f) Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. g) He was thrown behind the prison bar. h) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. i) But the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. j) In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. Answer: h→j→b→d→a→e→c→g→i→f HSC Board Questions - 2018 1. The Life of Rabindranath Tagore Sequence: e → g → f → j → h → a → c → i → d → b Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. The experience had a lasting effect on his later life. He gathered much experience from his stay in London. In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. He returned home without any qualification of distinction. However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. Bangla Translation:রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জীবন ক্রম: e → g → f → j → h → a → c → i → d → b রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ১৮৬১ সালে কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকোতে একটি সম্মানজনক পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি খুব ছোট বয়সে স্কুলে গিয়েছিলেন এবং আট বছর বয়সে তার প্রথম কবিতা লিখেছিলেন। ১৮৭৮ সালে সতেরো বছর বয়সে তিনি লন্ডনে স্কুলে পড়তে যান। ওই অভিজ্ঞতা তার পরবর্তী জীবনে একটি স্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলেছিল। তিনি লন্ডনে তার সময় থেকে অনেক অভিজ্ঞতা অর্জন করেন। ১৮৮০ সালে রবীন্দ্রনাথকে ভারতের ফিরিয়ে আনা হয়। তিনি কোনো বিশেষ যোগ্যতা ছাড়া দেশে ফিরে আসেন। তবে তিনি কখনোই কবিতা লেখার অভ্যাস ছাড়েননি। তিনি লিখেছিলেন ‘গীতাঞ্জলি’, যা বাংলা গানের একটি শ্রেষ্ঠ সংগ্রহ। ১৯১৩ সালে তিনি গীতাঞ্জলির জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কারে ভূষিত হন। 2. The Struggle of Nelson Mandela Sequence: h → j → b → d → a → e → c → g → i → f Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. The blacks were treated cruelly. They were denied all basic human rights. They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. He was thrown behind the prison bar. However, the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. Bangla Translation:নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলার সংগ্রাম ক্রম: h → j → b → d → a → e → c → g → i → f নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ নেতা ছিলেন। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, তিনি বিশ্বের অন্যতম বৃহত্তম নেতা ছিলেন, যিনি তাঁর সারা জীবনের জন্য বৈষম্যের বিরুদ্ধে সংগ্রাম করেছিলেন। কালো মানুষদের অত্যন্ত নিষ্ঠুরভাবে আচরণ করা হতো। তাদের সমস্ত মৌলিক মানবাধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করা হতো। তারা নিজেদের দেশেই পরদেশী ছিল এবং নানা ধরণের অপমানের শিকার হতো। এমনকি কুকুরদেরও কালো মানুষদের চেয়ে অনেক ভালো আচরণ করা হতো। সেই মহান নেতা শপথ নিয়েছিলেন এই অমানবিক প্রথা বন্ধ করবেন। তাকে কারাগারে নিক্ষেপ করা হয়েছিল। তবে, দমনকারী শাসকরা কখনোই তার মনোবল ভেঙে ফেলতে পারেনি। শেষ পর্যন্ত, সেই মহান নেতা তার জনগণকে মুক্ত করার লক্ষ্য অর্জন করেন। HSC Board Questions - 2017 1. Rearrange the sentences to make a coherent order: [Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2017, Rajshahi Board-2022] a) Then he invited applicants. b) The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. c) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. d) Then he found the desired man. e) He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. f) A number of people applied for the job. g) All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. h) So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. i) When they all arrived, Sultan asked them to dance. j) They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. Answer: c→e→h→a→f→b→j→i→g→d 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Rajshahi Board 2017] a) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. b) He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. c) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. d) Aristotle was born in Greece. e) His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so. f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. g) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. h) ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. i) He was the son of a royal physician. j) He wanted to be a free thinker. Answer: d→i→e→j→a→c→f→h→b→g 3. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Cumilla Board 2017, Mymensingh Board-2022] a) As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. b) Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. c) He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. d) He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. e) He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. f) His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. g) Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. h) The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. i) The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. j) Gora Dighi is one of them. Answer: b→d→e→h→a→c→j→g→f→i 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Jashore Board 2017] a) He asked him where God was. b) He praised him highly. c) Once a lad went to a famous teacher. d) The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. f) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. g) He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. h) He agreed to teach the lad. i) He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. Answer: c→i→g→j→a→e→d→b→h 5. The sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Sylhet Board 2017] a) One prize is awarded in each field. b) The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. c) Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. d) He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. e) Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. f) Nobel prizes are awarded everyone for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature and for performing world’s peace. g) The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. h) If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. i) Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time. j) He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. Answer: c→b→d→j→e→f→i→g→a→h 6. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Chattogram Board 2017] a) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. b) He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. c) He was second to none in Bengali Language and literature. d) Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal in 1885. e) He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. f) He passed the entrance and FA exam, in 1904 and 1906. g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature. h) He passed Hons and M. A. in 1910 and 1912.i) He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. j) He got his Ph.D. in 1928. Answer: d→a→f→e→h→i→j→c→g→b 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Dinajpur Board 2017] a) “Please let me go to my country.” b) An English boy was making a small boat. c) “I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” d) He made all arrangements to send him to his country. e) Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. f) Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. g) “I haven’t seen my mother for a long time.” h) The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea.” i) One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. j) The boy was brought before him and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. Answer: i→e→b→j→h→c→g→a→f→d HSC Board Questions - 2017 1. The Sultan’s Search for an Honest Tax Collector Sequence: c→e→h→a→f→b→j→i→g→d Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. Then he invited applicants. A number of people applied for the job. The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. When they all arrived, Sultan asked them to dance. All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. Then he found the desired man. Bangla Translation:সুলতানের সত্‍ কর্মচারীর খোঁজ ক্রম: c→e→h→a→f→b→j→i→g→d প্রাচীনকালে একটি দেশে এক সুলতান বাস করতেন। তিনি তার কর সংগ্রাহক হিসেবে একজন সৎ ব্যক্তিকে নিয়োগ দিতে চেয়েছিলেন। তাই তিনি বুদ্ধিমান পরামর্শকের পরামর্শ নেন। এরপর তিনি আবেদনকারীকে আমন্ত্রণ জানান। অনেক মানুষ চাকরির জন্য আবেদন করেছিল। আবেদনকারীদের একে একে সুলতানের সঙ্গে সাক্ষাৎ করতে বলা হয়। তারা একটি passage দিয়ে আসে যেখানে সোনালী মুদ্রা রাখা ছিল। সবাই আসার পর সুলতান তাদের নাচতে বলেন। সমস্ত আবেদনকারী লজ্জিত হয়ে একজনকেও মেনে নিতে অস্বীকার করেন। এরপর তিনি কাঙ্ক্ষিত ব্যক্তি পেয়ে যান। 2. The Life of Aristotle Sequence: d→i→e→j→a→c→f→h→b→g Aristotle was born in Greece. He was the son of a royal physician. His father wanted him to be a physician, but he never cherished to be so. He wanted to be a free thinker. As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. Bangla Translation:আরিস্টটলের জীবন ক্রম: d→i→e→j→a→c→f→h→b→g আরিস্টটল গ্রীসে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ছিলেন একজন রাজার চিকিৎসকের পুত্র। তার পিতা চেয়েছিলেন তিনি একজন চিকিৎসক হবেন, তবে তিনি তা কখনোই চাইতেন না। তিনি একজন স্বাধীন চিন্তাবিদ হতে চেয়েছিলেন। ফলে, তিনি এক মহান চিন্তাবিদ প্লেটোর অধীনে পড়াশোনা শুরু করেন। প্লেটো তার নিজস্ব পদ্ধতিতে আরিস্টটলকে শিক্ষা দেন। পরে, আরিস্টটল কলম হাতে তুলে নেন এবং মানবসভ্যতার জন্য উপযুক্ত বিষয়ে লিখতে শুরু করেন। 'রাজনীতি' তার একটি বিখ্যাত বই, যা তার জ্ঞানকে পূর্ণাঙ্গভাবে প্রকাশ করে। তিনি জীববিজ্ঞান, সাহিত্য, অর্থনীতি এবং তুলনামূলক রাজনীতি নিয়ে বই লিখেছেন। তার সৃজনশীলতার কারণে তাকে জীববিজ্ঞানের জনক বলা হয়। 3. Khan Jahan Ali’s Contributions to Bagerhat Sequence: b→d→e→h→a→c→j→g→f→i Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus, he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Bangla Translation:বাগেরহাটে খান জাহান আলীর অবদান ক্রম: b→d→e→h→a→c→j→g→f→i খান জাহান আলী ছিলেন একজন দানশীল মানুষ। তিনি বাগেরহাটে ইসলাম প্রচার করতে এবং সাধারণ মানুষের দুঃখ-দুর্দশার উন্নতি করতে এসেছিলেন। তিনি বাগেরহাটকে অনেক সমস্যায় জর্জরিত দেখেছিলেন। পানীয় জলের অভাব তাদের মধ্যে একটি। কারণ বাগেরহাট বঙ্গোপসাগরের কাছে অবস্থিত, সেজন্য সেখানে জল সাধারণত লবণাক্ত। সেজন্য তিনি অনেক ট্যাঙ্ক খনন করেন যাতে মানুষকে তাজা পানি সরবরাহ করা যায়। গড়া দীঘি তার মধ্যে একটি। এভাবে তিনি পানীয় জলের সমস্যার সমাধান করেন। তার স্মৃতি কখনো ভুলে যাবে না। বাগেরহাটের মানুষ তাকে সম্মানের সঙ্গে স্মরণ করেন। 4. The Tale of the Lad and the Teacher Sequence: c→i→g→j→a→e→d→b→h Once a lad went to a famous teacher. He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. He asked him where God was. The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. He praised him highly. He agreed to teach the lad. Bangla Translation:বালক ও শিক্ষকের কাহিনী ক্রম: c→i→g→j→a→e→d→b→h একদিন একটি বালক একটি বিখ্যাত শিক্ষকের কাছে গেল। সে তার জ্ঞান অর্জনের ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করেছিল। সে তাকে কলা এবং বিজ্ঞান শেখানোর জন্য আবেদন করেছিল। শিক্ষক তার দক্ষতা যাচাই করতে চেয়েছিলেন। তিনি তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, "সৃষ্টিকর্তা কোথায়?" বালক উত্তরে বলল যে, "আপনি যদি বলুন, যেখানে তিনি নেই, সেখানে আমি উত্তর দেব।" শিক্ষক বালকের বোধশক্তি নিয়ে প্রশংসা করেছিলেন। তিনি তাকে উচ্চ প্রশংসা করেন। তিনি বালককে শিক্ষাদান করতে সম্মত হন। 5. Nobel Prize and Alfred Nobel Sequence: c→b→d→j→e→f→i→g→a→h Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. Nobel prizes are awarded to everyone for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature, and for performing world peace. The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time. One prize is awarded in each field. If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. Bangla Translation:নোবেল পুরস্কার এবং আলফ্রেড নোবেল ক্রম: c→b→d→j→e→f→i→g→a→h নোবেল পুরস্কার হল বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পুরস্কার। এটি একটি পুরস্কার যা ধ্বংসের বিজ্ঞান আবিষ্কারক এক ব্যক্তির দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়। তিনি আলফ্রেড বার্নার্ড নোবেল। তিনি ১৮৩৩ সালের ২১ অক্টোবর স্টকহোমে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন এবং ১৮৯৬ সালের ১০ ডিসেম্বর মৃত্যু বরণ করেন। যদিও তিনি সুইডেনের নাগরিক ছিলেন, তবে তিনি রাশিয়াতে শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করেছিলেন। নোবেল পুরস্কারগুলো প্রদান করা হয় পৃথিবীজুড়ে বৈজ্ঞানিক, সাহিত্যিক এবং বিশ্ব শান্তির জন্য অসাধারণ অবদান রাখার জন্য। পুরস্কারটি সেইসব ব্যক্তিদের দেওয়া হয় যারা সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য অবদান রেখেছেন। ১৯৬৯ সালে প্রথমবারের মতো অর্থনীতি এই তালিকায় যুক্ত হয়। প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রে একটি পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়। যদি একাধিক পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্ত ব্যক্তি এক ক্ষেত্রের মধ্যে থাকে, তবে পুরস্কারের অর্থ পুরস্কৃতদের মধ্যে সমানভাবে ভাগ করা হয়। 6. Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah’s Contributions to Bengali Literature Sequence: d→a→f→e→h→i→j→c→g→b Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal, in 1885. He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. He passed the entrance and FA exam in 1904 and 1906. He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. He passed Hons and M.A. in 1910 and 1912. He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. He got his Ph.D. in 1928. He was second to none in Bengali language and literature. He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali literature. He died in 1969, and we remember him with respect. Bangla Translation:ড. মোহাম্মদ শাহিদুল্লাহর বাংলা সাহিত্যেও অবদান ক্রম: d→a→f→e→h→i→j→c→g→b ড. মোহাম্মদ শাহিদুল্লাহ ১৮৮৫ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ২৪ পোচনা গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ছিলেন বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ ভাষাবিজ্ঞানী। তিনি ১৯০৪ ও ১৯০৬ সালে প্রবেশিকা ও এফএ পরীক্ষায় উত্তীর্ণ হন। ১৯১০ সালে তিনি যশোর জিলা স্কুলে যোগদান করেন। তিনি ১৯১০ ও ১৯১২ সালে অনার্স ও এমএ পাস করেন। ১৯২১ সালে তিনি ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে বাংলা বিভাগের প্রভাষক হিসেবে যোগদান করেন। ১৯২৮ সালে তিনি পিএইচডি লাভ করেন। বাংলা ভাষা ও সাহিত্যে তিনি ছিলেন সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ। তিনি কিছু পুরস্কার লাভ করেন এবং বাংলা সাহিত্যে অনেক অবদান রাখেন। তিনি ১৯৬৯ সালে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন, এবং আমরা তাকে শ্রদ্ধার সঙ্গে স্মরণ করি। 7. Napoleon’s Encounter with the English Boy Sequence: i→e→b→j→h→c→g→a→f→d One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. An English boy was making a small boat. The boy was brought before him, and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea.” “I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” “I haven’t seen my mother for a long time.” “Please let me go to my country.” Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. He made all arrangements to send him to his country. Bangla Translation:নেপোলিয়নের ইংরেজি বালকের সঙ্গে সাক্ষাৎ ক্রম: i→e→b→j→h→c→g→a→f→d একদিন ফ্রান্সের রাজা নেপোলিয়ন সমুদ্রতট দিয়ে হাঁটছিলেন। হঠাৎ তিনি একটি অদ্ভুত দৃশ্য লক্ষ্য করলেন। একজন ইংরেজি ছেলে একটি ছোট নৌকা বানাচ্ছিল। বালকটি তাকে সামনে নিয়ে আসা হয় এবং সে তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করল, "এমন একটি ছোট নৌকা দিয়ে তুমি কী করবে?" বালকটি বলল, "আমার দেশ সমুদ্রের অন্য পারে।" "আমি এই নৌকাটি নিয়ে সমুদ্র পার করব এবং আমার দেশে যাব।" "আমি দীর্ঘ সময় ধরে আমার মাকে দেখিনি।" "অনুগ্রহ করে আমাকে আমার দেশে যেতে দিন।" নেপোলিয়ন বালকের কথায় মুগ্ধ হন। তিনি তাকে তার দেশে পাঠানোর সমস্ত ব্যবস্থা করেন। HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board -2016] (i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (ii) He never spoke the rest of his life. (iii) His name was Nambi. (iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (vi) There was a remote village named Somal. (vii) One day, he could not continue his story. (viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. (ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. (x) The villagers were enchanted by a man. Answer: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board- 2016] (i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. (ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. (iii) He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. (iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work. (v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupee is a lot of money.” (vi) Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. (vii) He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” (viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. (ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. (x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night. Answer: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2016, 2004; Barishal Board-2010] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over the over again but failed. (ii) At last he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar the crow drank his full. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. Answer: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2016] (i) The master was very amused. (ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg a car atat folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. (iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. (iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. (v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. (vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. (vii) At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. (viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master. (ix) The cook replied that his master was right. (x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. Answer: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i. HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. The Mysterious Storyteller Sequence: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii There was a remote village named Somal. The villagers were enchanted by a man whose name was Nambi. He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. One day, he could not continue his story. After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. He never spoke for the rest of his life. Bangla Translation:মহান গল্পকার ক্রম: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii একটি দুর্গম গ্রাম ছিল সোমাল। গ্রামবাসীরা এক অদ্ভুত মানুষকে মুগ্ধ হয়ে দেখত যার নাম ছিল নাম্বি। সে গ্রামটির কিনারায় একটি মন্দিরে বাস করত এবং মন্দিরের সামনে বৃক্ষতলে সময় কাটাত। সে এতটাই অজ্ঞ ছিল যে তার বয়স বলতে পারত না, তবে সে গল্প তৈরি করতে পারত। সে গ্রামের মানুষের কাছে আকর্ষণীয় গল্প বলত। গল্প শোনানোর আগে সে বৃক্ষের সামনে একটি প্রদীপ জ্বালাত। একদিন, সে তার গল্প চালিয়ে যেতে পারল না। কয়েকদিন পর, সে সমস্ত গ্রামবাসীকে ডেকে কিছু বলল। তারপর থেকে সে জীবনের বাকি সময়ে আর কথা বলেনি। 2. The Farmer's Dilemma Sequence: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupees is a lot of money.” He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. This thought kept him awake, and his sleep fled away at night. So, he could not devote himself to his work. He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. Bangla Translation:কৃষকের দুশ্চিন্তা ক্রম: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii ধনবান ব্যক্তি এক ব্যাগে এক হাজার টাকা নিয়ে কৃষকের কাছে এল। সে কৃষককে বলল, "দেখো বন্ধু! আমি তোমার জন্য এক হাজার টাকা নিয়ে এসেছি। এই টাকা রাখো এবং তোমার দুঃখ দূর করো।" কৃষক অবাক হয়ে বলল, "এক হাজার টাকা অনেক টাকা!" সে ধনবান ব্যক্তির কাছ থেকে টাকা নিয়ে ধন্যবাদ জানাল। তবে সে ব্যাগটি কোথায় রাখবে তা খুঁজে পেল না এবং টাকা কোথায় রাখবে তা ভাবতে পারছিল না। সে তার ঘরের মধ্যে একটি গর্ত খুঁড়ে টাকা রাখল। এখন, কৃষকের মনে একটি চিন্তা এসে গেল যে তার টাকা যেকোনো সময় চুরি হতে পারে। এই চিন্তা তার ঘুম নষ্ট করেছিল এবং রাতে তার ঘুম পালিয়ে গিয়েছিল। ফলে, সে তার কাজে মনোযোগ দিতে পারছিল না। সে ধীরে ধীরে উপলব্ধি করল যে তার কাছে টাকা আছে, কিন্তু শান্তি নেই। 3. The Thirsty Crow Sequence: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. He flew from one place to another in search of water. At last, he found a jar in a garden. There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. The crow tried to turn the jar over again and again but failed. As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. Then he hit upon a plan. He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. When the water came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank his full. Bangla Translation:তৃষ্ণার্ত কাক ক্রম: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix একটি কাক খুব তৃষ্ণার্ত ছিল এবং পানি পান করতে চেয়েছিল। সে এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে উড়ে উড়ে পানি খুঁজছিল। অবশেষে, সে একটি বাগানে একটি মাটির হাঁড়ি পেয়েছিল। হাঁড়িতে কিছু পানি ছিল, তবে তা নীচে এবং কাকের নাগালের বাইরে ছিল। কাকটি বার বার হাঁড়িটি উল্টানোর চেষ্টা করেছিল কিন্তু সফল হয়নি। হতাশ হয়ে হাঁড়িটি ছেড়ে চলে যেতে গিয়ে সে কাছে কিছু পাথরের স্তূপ দেখতে পায়। তখন তার মাথায় একটি পরিকল্পনা এলো। সে কিছু পাথর নিয়ে হাঁড়িতে ফেলে দিতে শুরু করল। প্রতিটি পাথর যাওয়ার পর হাঁড়ির পানির স্তর একটু একটু করে বাড়তে থাকল। অবশেষে, যখন পানি হাঁড়ির মুখে পৌঁছাল, কাকটি তার তৃষ্ণা মেটাল। 4. The One-Legged DuckSequence: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i A cook once roasted a duck for his master. The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. The master was very amused. The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. The cook replied that his master was right. Bangla Translation:এক-পায়ে হাঁস ক্রম: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i একজন রাঁধুনি একদিন তার মালিকের জন্য একটি হাঁস ভুনা করেছিল। ভুনাটি খুব সুস্বাদু দেখাচ্ছিল এবং রাঁধুনি হাঁসটির এক পা খেয়ে ফেলেছিল। মালিক রেগে গিয়ে রাঁধুনিকে বললেন যে হাঁসটির শুধু এক পা ছিল। মালিক খুব মজা পেলেন। রাঁধুনি জোর দিয়ে বলেছিল যে হাঁসটির এক পা ছিল। মালিক রাঁধুনির দিকে তাকিয়ে বললেন যে এক-পায়ে হাঁস বলে কিছু নেই। এই মুহূর্তে, রাঁধুনি জানালা দিয়ে বাইরে তাকিয়ে দেখতে পেল। একটি হাঁস এক পায়ে দাঁড়িয়ে ছিল এবং অন্য পা ভাঁজ করে রেখেছিল, কিন্তু মালিক প্রতারিত হতে চাননি। মালিক জোরে হাত তালি দিলেন, এবং হাঁসটি তার অন্য পা নামিয়ে ছুটে গেল। রাঁধুনি উত্তর দিল যে তার মালিক ঠিক ছিলেন। 5. The Clever TortoiseSequence: viii + v + ii + i + iv + iii + vii + vi + x + ix Once upon a time, there was a tortoise who lived in a small village. One day, the tortoise saw some birds flying overhead. He envied their ability to fly and wished to do the same. He went to the birds and asked if they could teach him to fly. The birds, seeing the tortoise’s determination, agreed, but they told him that he must first learn to hold a stick in his mouth. The tortoise did this and held onto a stick tightly. Then, the birds picked him up by the stick and started flying. The tortoise was so happy. As they flew high in the sky, the tortoise began to feel nervous. He realized that he could not keep holding the stick forever. Just as he was about to drop the stick, the birds warned him that if he let go of the stick, he would fall. The tortoise, determined to hold on, did not listen and soon lost his grip. He fell to the ground but luckily landed in a soft patch of grass. Bangla Translation:চতুর কচ্ছপ ক্রম: viii + v + ii + i + iv + iii + vii + vi + x + ix একটি ছোট গ্রামে একটি কচ্ছপ বাস করত। একদিন, কচ্ছপটি আকাশে উড়ে যাওয়া কিছু পাখি দেখেছিল। সে তাদের উড়ে যাওয়ার ক্ষমতা দেখে ঈর্ষান্বিত হয়ে তাদের মতো উড়তে চেয়েছিল। সে পাখিগুলোর কাছে গিয়ে জিজ্ঞেস করেছিল, "তোমরা কি আমাকে উড়তে শেখাবে?" পাখিরা তার সংকল্প দেখে রাজি হয়ে গিয়েছিল, তবে তারা তাকে বলেছিল, প্রথমে তাকে একটি লাঠি মুখে ধরে থাকতে হবে। কচ্ছপটি এটি করল এবং দৃঢ়ভাবে লাঠিটি ধরে রেখেছিল। তারপর, পাখিগুলি তাকে লাঠি দিয়ে তুলে নিল এবং উড়তে শুরু করল। কচ্ছপটি খুব খুশি ছিল। যখন তারা আকাশে উড়ে যাচ্ছিল, কচ্ছপটি অস্থির হয়ে পড়ল। সে বুঝতে পারল যে সে চিরকাল লাঠিটি ধরে রাখতে পারবে না। ঠিক তখনই, কচ্ছপটি লাঠিটি ছেড়ে দিতে চেয়েছিল, কিন্তু পাখিরা তাকে সতর্ক করে দিল যে যদি সে লাঠিটি ছেড়ে দেয়, তাহলে সে পড়ে যাবে। কচ্ছপটি দৃঢ় সংকল্প নিয়ে লাঠিটি ধরেই থাকল, কিন্তু শীঘ্রই তার ধরার শক্তি শেষ হয়ে গেল। সে পড়ে গেল, তবে সৌভাগ্যক্রমে নরম ঘাসের মধ্যে পড়ে গিয়েছিল। 6. The Wise Old Man Sequence: viii + iv + ii + v + i + vii + iii + ix + x + vi An old man was sitting on a bench in a park. He had been there for hours, thinking deeply about his life. He was wise and had many experiences. The people around him could see the seriousness on his face, and many approached him for advice. One day, a young man came up to him and asked, "What is the secret to living a long, happy life?" The old man smiled and said, "There is no secret, just live with patience, kindness, and understanding." The young man was curious and wanted to know more, so he asked again, "What should I do when I face challenges in life?" The old man thought for a moment and replied, "When you face difficulties, take a step back, breathe, and think before you act." The young man thanked the old man for his wisdom and walked away, feeling more at peace with himself. As he left, the old man resumed his quiet contemplation. Bangla Translation:বয়স্ক পণ্ডিত মানুষ ক্রম: viii + iv + ii + v + i + vii + iii + ix + x + vi একজন বৃদ্ধ মানুষ একটি পার্কের বেঞ্চে বসে ছিলেন। তিনি কয়েক ঘণ্টা ধরে গভীরভাবে তার জীবন নিয়ে চিন্তা করছিলেন। তিনি জ্ঞানী ছিলেন এবং তার অনেক অভিজ্ঞতা ছিল। তার চারপাশের মানুষ তার মুখাবয়বে গুরুত্ব অনুভব করতে পারছিল এবং অনেকেই তার কাছ থেকে পরামর্শ নিতে আসছিল। একদিন, একজন তরুণ এসে তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করল, "একটি দীর্ঘ এবং সুখী জীবনযাপনের গোপন কী?" বৃদ্ধ মানুষটি হেসে বললেন, "কোনও গোপন রহস্য নেই, শুধু ধৈর্য, দয়া এবং বোঝাপড়া নিয়ে জীবন যাপন করো।" তরুণটি আরও আগ্রহী হয়ে পুনরায় প্রশ্ন করল, "জীবনে যদি আমি চ্যালেঞ্জের সম্মুখীন হই, তাহলে কী করা উচিত?" বৃদ্ধ কিছুক্ষণ চিন্তা করে উত্তর দিলেন, "যখন আপনি কঠিন পরিস্থিতির সম্মুখীন হবেন, একটি পদক্ষেপ পেছনে নিন, শ্বাস নিন, এবং কাজ করার আগে চিন্তা করুন।" তরুণটি বৃদ্ধের কাছে তার জ্ঞানের জন্য ধন্যবাদ জানাল এবং শান্ত মনে বাড়ি ফিরে গেল। যখন সে চলে যাচ্ছিল, তখন বৃদ্ধ মানুষটি আবার তার নীরব চিন্তায় ফিরে গেল। 7. The Honest Woodcutter Sequence: viii + v + iii + iv + vii + ii + i + vi + ix + x Once upon a time, there was a woodcutter who lived in a small village near a forest. He was honest and hardworking. One day, while cutting wood near the river, his axe slipped from his hand and fell into the water. The woodcutter was devastated because his axe was his only tool for his work. He began to cry and pray for help. Suddenly, an angel appeared and asked him, "Why are you crying?" The woodcutter explained his situation, and the angel, moved by his honesty, dived into the water and brought up a golden axe. The woodcutter refused the golden axe, saying it wasn't his. The angel, impressed by his honesty, dived again and brought up a silver axe. Again, the woodcutter refused. Finally, the angel dived for the third time and brought up the woodcutter's axe. The woodcutter happily accepted his axe, and the angel praised him for his honesty. Later, the woodcutter returned to the village and shared his story with others. Bangla Translation:সত্যবাদী কাঠুরিয়া ক্রম: viii + v + iii + iv + vii + ii + i + vi + ix + x একদিন একটি ছোট গ্রামে একটি কাঠুরিয়া বাস করত, যা একটি বনভূমির কাছে ছিল। সে ছিল সৎ এবং পরিশ্রমী। একদিন, নদীর ধারে কাঠ কেটে কাটতে কাটতে তার হাত থেকে কুঠারটি নদীতে পড়ে গেল। কাঠুরিয়া ভীষণ হতাশ হল, কারণ তার কুঠার ছিল তার একমাত্র কাজের যন্ত্র। সে কাঁদতে কাঁদতে সাহায্যের জন্য প্রার্থনা করতে লাগল। হঠাৎ, একটি দেবদূত উপস্থিত হল এবং তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করল, "তুমি কেন কাঁদছ?" কাঠুরিয়া তার পরিস্থিতি ব্যাখ্যা করল, এবং দেবদূত তার সততার প্রতি প্রভাবিত হয়ে নদীতে ডুব দিল এবং একটি সোনালী কুঠার নিয়ে এলো। কাঠুরিয়া সোনালী কুঠারটি প্রত্যাখ্যান করে বলল, "এটা আমার নয়।" দেবদূত, তার সততা দেখে, আবার ডুব দিয়ে একটি রূপালী কুঠার নিয়ে এলো। আবারও, কাঠুরিয়া তা প্রত্যাখ্যান করল। অবশেষে, দেবদূত তৃতীয়বার ডুব দিয়ে কাঠুরিয়ার আসল কুঠারটি নিয়ে এলো। কাঠুরিয়া আনন্দিত হয়ে তার কুঠারটি গ্রহণ করল, এবং দেবদূত তাকে তার সততার জন্য প্রশংসা করল। পরে, কাঠুরিয়া গ্রামে ফিরে এসে তার কাহিনী সবার সঙ্গে ভাগ করে নিল।

Rearranging Worksheet-5.0 HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board -2016] (i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (ii) He never spoke the rest of his life. (iii) His name was Nambi. (iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (vi) There was a remote village named Somal. (vii) One day, he could not continue his story. (viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. (ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. (x) The villagers were enchanted by a man. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board- 2016] (i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. (ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. (iii) He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. (iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work. (v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupee is a lot of money.” (vi) Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. (vii) He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” (viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. (ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. (x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2016, 2004; Barishal Board-2010] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over the over again but failed. (ii) At last he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar the crow drank his full. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2016] (i) The master was very amused. (ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg a car atat folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. (iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. (iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. (v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. (vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. (vii) At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. (viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master. (ix) The cook replied that his master was right. (x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Dhaka Board - 2016 Rearranged Sequence: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii Story:There was a remote village named Somal. The villagers were enchanted by a man. His name was Nambi. He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. One day, he could not continue his story. After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. He never spoke the rest of his life. Bangla Translation:একটি দূরবর্তী গ্রামের নাম সোমাল। গ্রামের মানুষজন একজন মানুষকে নিয়ে মুগ্ধ ছিল। তার নাম ছিল নাম্বি। তিনি গ্রামের প্রান্তে একটি মন্দিরে বাস করতেন এবং মন্দিরের সামনে বট গাছের তলায় সময় কাটাতেন। তিনি এতটা অজ্ঞ ছিলেন যে তার বয়স বলতে পারতেন না, কিন্তু তিনি গল্প বানাতে পারতেন। তিনি গ্রামবাসীদের কাছে মজার গল্প বলতে আসতেন। গল্প বলার আগে তিনি গাছের সামনে একটি প্রদীপ জ্বালাতেন। একদিন, তিনি তার গল্প চালিয়ে যেতে পারলেন না। কিছুদিন পর, তিনি সমস্ত গ্রামবাসীদের ডাকলেন এবং তাদের কিছু বললেন। তিনি জীবনের বাকি সময়ে আর কথা বলেননি। 2. Rajshahi Board - 2016 Rearranged Sequence: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii Story:The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupees is a lot of money.” He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen anytime. This thought kept him awake, and his sleep fled away at night. So, he could not devote himself to his work. He gradually realized that he had money but no peace of mind. Bangla Translation:ধনী ব্যক্তি এক ব্যাগে এক হাজার টাকা নিয়ে কৃষকের কাছে গেলেন। তিনি বললেন, “দেখো, বন্ধু! আমি তোমার জন্য এক হাজার টাকা নিয়ে এসেছি। এই টাকা রাখো এবং তোমার দুশ্চিন্তা দূর করো।” কৃষক অবাক হয়ে নিজে বলল, “এক হাজার টাকা অনেক টাকা।” তিনি ধনী ব্যক্তির কাছ থেকে টাকার ব্যাগটি নিলেন এবং তাকে ধন্যবাদ দিলেন। তিনি ব্যাগটি রাখার জন্য নিরাপদ স্থান খুঁজে পাননি এবং টাকা কোথায় রাখবেন ভাবতে পারেননি। তিনি তার কুটিরে একটি গর্ত খনন করে সেখানে টাকা রাখলেন। এখন, কৃষকের মনে একটি চিন্তা আসল যে তার টাকা যে কোনো সময় চুরি হয়ে যেতে পারে। এই চিন্তা তাকে জাগিয়ে রেখেছিল এবং রাতের বেলা তার ঘুম উড়ে গিয়েছিল। তাই তিনি তার কাজে মনোনিবেশ করতে পারেননি। তিনি ধীরে ধীরে বুঝতে পারলেন যে তার কাছে টাকা আছে কিন্তু মন শান্তি নেই। 3. Cumilla Board - 2016, Barishal Board - 2010 Rearranged Sequence: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix Story:A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. He flew from one place to another in search of water. At last, he found a jar in a garden. There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. The crow tried to turn the jar over and over again but failed. As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. Then he hit upon a plan. He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. When the water came to the mouth of the jar, the crow drank his fill. Bangla Translation:একটি কাক খুব তৃষ্ণার্ত ছিল এবং পানি পান করতে চেয়েছিল। সে পানি খুঁজতে এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে উড়ে গেল। অবশেষে, সে একটি বাগানে একটি মাটির হাঁড়ি খুঁজে পেল। হাঁড়ির মধ্যে কিছু পানি ছিল, কিন্তু তা তলায় ছিল এবং তার নাগালের বাইরে। কাকটি হাঁড়িটি বারবার উল্টাতে চেষ্টা করেছিল কিন্তু ব্যর্থ হয়। যখন সে হতাশায় হাঁড়িটি ছেড়ে যাচ্ছিল, তখন সে কাছে একটি পাথরের স্তূপ দেখতে পেল। তখন সে একটি পরিকল্পনা ভেবেছিল। সে কিছু পাথর তুলে নিয়ে হাঁড়ির মধ্যে ফেলতে শুরু করল। যখন প্রতিটি পাথর নিচে পড়ে, তখন হাঁড়ির মধ্যে পানির স্তর একটু একটু করে উপরে উঠতে লাগল। যখন পানিটি হাঁড়ির মুখের কাছে পৌঁছাল, কাকটি তার পিপাসা মিটিয়ে নিল। 4. Sylhet Board - 2016 Rearranged Sequence: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i Story:A cook once roasted a duck for his master. The roast looked delicious, and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. The master was very amused. The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as a one-legged duck. The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. The cook replied that his master was right. Bangla Translation:একজন রান্না করা একবার তার মাস্টারের জন্য একটি হাঁস ভাজলেন। ভাজা হাঁস খুব সুস্বাদু দেখাচ্ছিল এবং রান্নাকরী হাঁসের একটি পা খেয়ে ফেললেন। মাস্টার রান্নাকরীকে বলার পর খুব বিরক্ত হলেন যে হাঁসটির শুধু এক পা রয়েছে। রান্নাকরী insisted করেন যে হাঁসটির শুধু এক পা রয়েছে। ঠিক সেই মুহূর্তে, রান্নাকরী জানালার বাইরে তাকালেন। মাস্টার খুব মজে গিয়েছিলেন। মাস্টার রান্নাকরীর দিকে তাকিয়ে বললেন যে এক-পায়ের হাঁস বলে কিছু নেই। মাস্টার জোরে হাত তালি দিলেন, এবং হাঁসটি তার অন্য পা নামিয়ে দৌড়ে চলে গেল। রান্নাকরী উত্তর দিলেন যে তার মাস্টার সঠিক।

Rearranging Worksheet-5.0 HSC Board Questions - 2018 1. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013] a) In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. b) He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. c) He returned home without any qualification of distinction. d) He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. e) Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. f) At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. g) He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. h) The experience had a lasting effect on his later life. i) However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. j) He gathered much experience from his stay in London. 2. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [HSC Exam-2018(Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board -2011; Dhaka Board-2004] a) They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. b) The blacks were treated cruelly. c) The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. d) They were denied all basic human rights. e) Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. f) Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. g) He was thrown behind the prison bar. h) Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. i) But the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. j) In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. HSC Board Questions - 2018 Answer 1. HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set); Barishal Board-2014; Cumilla Board-2013: Rabindranath Tagore Rearranged Sequence: e → g → f → j → h → a → c → i → d → b Story:Rabindranath Tagore was born in 1861 into a respectable family at Jorasanko in Kolkata. He went to school early and wrote his first verse at the age of eight. At the age of seventeen, in 1878, he reached London to attend school. He gathered much experience from his stay in London, and this experience had a lasting effect on his later life. In 1880, Rabindranath was called back to India. He returned home without any qualification of distinction. However, he never gave up his habit of writing poetry. He wrote Gitanjali, a collection of Bengali songs of superior quality. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for Gitanjali. Bangla Translation:রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ১৮৬১ সালে কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকোতে একটি মর্যাদাপূর্ণ পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি ছোটবেলায় স্কুলে যান এবং আট বছর বয়সে তাঁর প্রথম কবিতা লেখেন। সতেরো বছর বয়সে, ১৮৭৮ সালে, তিনি পড়াশোনা করতে লন্ডনে যান। লন্ডনে থাকার সময় তিনি অনেক অভিজ্ঞতা অর্জন করেন এবং এই অভিজ্ঞতার জীবন তার পরবর্তী জীবনে একটি স্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলে। ১৮৮০ সালে রবীন্দ্রনাথকে ভারতের বাড়িতে ডেকে আনা হয়। তিনি কোনো বিশেষ যোগ্যতা ছাড়াই বাড়িতে ফিরে আসেন। তবে তিনি কখনই কবিতা লেখার অভ্যাস ছাড়েননি। তিনি গীতাঞ্জলি লিখেন, যা উচ্চমানের বাংলা গানের একটি সংকলন। ১৯১৩ সালে তিনি গীতাঞ্জলির জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার লাভ করেন। 2. HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); Dinajpur Board-2016; Cumilla Board-2011; Dhaka Board-2004: Nelson Mandela Rearranged Sequence: h → j → b → d → a → e → c → g → i → f Story:Nelson Mandela was the greatest leader of South Africa. In fact, he was one of the greatest leaders of the world who struggled against apartheid throughout his whole life. The blacks were treated cruelly and were denied all basic human rights. They were aliens in their own country and were subjected to all sorts of indignities. Even dogs received much better treatment than the blacks. The great leader vowed to put an end to the inhuman practice. He was thrown behind the prison bars, but the oppressive rulers could not break the spirit. Eventually, the great leader realized the goal of liberating his own people. Bangla Translation:নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার সবচেয়ে মহান নেতা ছিলেন। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, তিনি আপারথেডের বিরুদ্ধে সারা জীবন ধরে সংগ্রাম করা বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে মহান নেতাদের একজন। কৃষ্ণাঙ্গদের প্রতি নিষ্ঠুর আচরণ করা হয়েছিল এবং তাদের সমস্ত মৌলিক মানবাধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত করা হয়েছিল। তারা নিজেদের দেশে পরবাসী ছিল এবং সকল প্রকার অবমাননার শিকার হয়েছিল। এমনকি কুকুরগুলোরও কৃষ্ণাঙ্গদের চেয়ে অনেক ভালো আচরণ করা হয়েছিল। মহান নেতা অমানবিক এই অনুশীলন শেষ করার শপথ করেছিলেন। তাকে কারাগারের পেছনে নিক্ষেপ করা হয়েছিল, কিন্তু অত্যাচারী শাসকরা তার মনোবল ভাঙতে পারেনি। শেষ পর্যন্ত, মহান নেতা তার নিজের জনগণের মুক্তির লক্ষ্য অর্জন করেন। HSC Board Questions - 2017 1. Rearrange the sentences to make a coherent order: [Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2017, Rajshahi Board-2022] a) Then he invited applicants. b) The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. c) Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. d) Then he found the desired man. e) He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. f) A number of people applied for the job. g) All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. h) So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. i) When they all arrived, Sultan asked them to dance. j) They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Rajshahi Board 2017] a) As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. b) He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. c) Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. d) Aristotle was born in Greece. e) His father wanted him to be a physician but he never cherished to be so. f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. g) He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. h) ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. i) He was the son of a royal physician. j) He wanted to be a free thinker. 3. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Cumilla Board 2017, Mymensingh Board-2022] a) As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. b) Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. c) He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. d) He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. e) He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. f) His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. g) Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. h) The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. i) The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. j) Gora Dighi is one of them. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Jashore Board 2017] a) He asked him where God was. b) He praised him highly. c) Once a lad went to a famous teacher. d) The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. e) The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. f) The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. g) He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. h) He agreed to teach the lad. i) He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. j) The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. 5. The sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Sylhet Board 2017] a) One prize is awarded in each field. b) The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. c) Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. d) He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. e) Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. f) Nobel prizes are awarded everyone for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature and for performing world’s peace. g) The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. h) If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. i) Economics was added in the list in 1969 for the first time. j) He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. 6. The following sentences are jumbled. Rearrange them in a proper sequence. [Chattogram Board 2017] a) He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. b) He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. c) He was second to none in Bengali Language and literature. d) Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal in 1885. e) He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. f) He passed the entrance and FA exam, in 1904 and 1906. g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature. h) He passed Hons and M. A. in 1910 and 1912.i) He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. j) He got his Ph.D. in 1928. 7. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order: [Dinajpur Board 2017] a) “Please let me go to my country.” b) An English boy was making a small boat. c) “I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” d) He made all arrangements to send him to his country. e) Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. f) Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. g) “I haven’t seen my mother for a long time.” h) The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea.” i) One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. j) The boy was brought before him and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. HSC Board Questions - 2017 Answer 1. Dhaka Board-2017; Barishal Board-2017; Rajshahi Board-2022: Sultan's Honest Tax Collector Rearranged Sequence: c → e → h → a → f → b → j → i → g → d Story:Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. So, he asked for the wise counsellor’s advice. Then he invited applicants. A number of people applied for the job. The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. When they all arrived, the Sultan asked them to dance. They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. All the applicants blushed and refused to accept one. Then he found the desired man. Bangla Translation:অনেক আগে, একটি দেশে এক সুলতান বাস করতেন। তিনি তার ট্যাক্স সংগ্রহকারী হিসেবে একজন সৎ লোককে নিযুক্ত করতে চেয়েছিলেন। তাই তিনি জ্ঞানী উপদেষ্টার পরামর্শ চাইলেন। তারপর তিনি আবেদনকারীদের আমন্ত্রণ জানালেন। চাকরির জন্য অনেক লোক আবেদন করেছিল। আবেদনকারীদের একে একে সুলতানের সামনে উপস্থিত হতে বলা হয়েছিল। যখন তারা সবাই উপস্থিত হল, সুলতান তাদের নাচতে বললেন। তারা একটি পথে এল যেখানে সোনালী মুদ্রা রাখা ছিল। সকল আবেদনকারী লজ্জা পেল এবং একটিও গ্রহণ করতে অস্বীকৃতি জানাল। তারপর তিনি কাঙ্ক্ষিত মানুষটিকে খুঁজে পেলেন। 2. Rajshahi Board 2017: Aristotle Rearranged Sequence: d → i → e → j → a → c → f → h → b → g Story:Aristotle was born in Greece. He was the son of a royal physician. His father wanted him to be a physician, but he never cherished to be so. He wanted to be a free thinker. As a result, he studied under a great thinker, Plato. Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. ‘Politics’ is one of his famous books which expose the fullest development of his wisdom. He also wrote books on Biography, Literature, Economics, and Comparative politics. He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. Bangla Translation:অ্যারিস্টটল গ্রীসে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। তিনি একজন রাজকীয় চিকিৎসকের পুত্র ছিলেন। তার বাবা চাইতেন তিনি চিকিৎসক হোক, কিন্তু তিনি কখনো এরূপ হতে চাননি। তিনি একজন মুক্ত চিন্তাবিদ হতে চাইতেন। এর ফলে, তিনি একজন মহান চিন্তাবিদ প্লেটোর অধীনে পড়াশোনা করেছিলেন। প্লেটো অ্যারিস্টটলকে তার নিজের পদ্ধতিতে শিক্ষা দিয়েছিলেন। পরে, অ্যারিস্টটল মানব সভ্যতার জন্য উপযুক্ত বিষয়গুলোর উপর লেখার জন্য কলম ধরেছিলেন। ‘পলিটিকস’ তার বিখ্যাত বইগুলোর একটি, যা তার জ্ঞানের পূর্ণ বিকাশের প্রকাশ করে। তিনি জীববিজ্ঞান, সাহিত্য, অর্থনীতি এবং তুলনামূলক রাজনীতি বিষয়ে বইও লিখেছিলেন। তার সৃষ্টির কারণে তাকে জীববিজ্ঞানের পিতা বলা হয়। 3. Cumilla Board 2017, Mymensingh Board-2022: Khan Jahan Ali Rearranged Sequence: b → d → e → h → a → c → j → g → f → i Story:Khan Jahan Ali was a philanthropic man. He came to Bagerhat to preach Islam and to promote the plight of common people. He found Bagerhat beset with many problems. The scarcity of drinking water is one of them. As Bagerhat is near the Bay of Bengal, the water is usually saline. He, therefore, excavated many tanks to provide fresh water to the people. Gora Dighi is one of them. Thus he redressed the problem of drinking water. His memory will never be sunk into oblivion. The people of Bagerhat remember him with respect. Bangla Translation:খান জাহান আলী একজন দানশীল মানুষ ছিলেন। তিনি ইসলাম প্রচার করতে এবং সাধারণ মানুষের দুর্দশা উন্নীত করতে বাগেরহাটে এসেছিলেন। তিনি বাগেরহাটকে অনেক সমস্যায় জর্জরিত অবস্থায় দেখতে পান। পানীয় জলের অভাব তার মধ্যে একটি। বাগেরহাট বঙ্গোপসাগরের নিকটবর্তী হওয়ায় সেখানে সাধারণত জল লবণাক্ত। সুতরাং, তিনি লোকজনের জন্য সুপেয় জল সরবরাহ করতে অনেক কূপ খনন করেন। গোরাদিঘী তার মধ্যে একটি। এভাবে তিনি পানীয় জলের সমস্যার সমাধান করেন। তার স্মৃতি কখনো ভুলিয়ে দেওয়া হবে না। বাগেরহাটের মানুষ তাকে শ্রদ্ধার সঙ্গে মনে রাখে। 4. Jashore Board 2017: The Famous Teacher Rearranged Sequence: c → i → g → j → a → e → d → b → h Story:Once a lad went to a famous teacher. He had expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. He begged to instruct him in the arts and sciences. The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy. He asked him where God was. The teacher thought highly of the boy’s understanding. The boy devoted himself to earning knowledge. The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where he is not. He praised him highly. He agreed to teach the lad. Bangla Translation:একবার একটি ছেলের একটি বিখ্যাত শিক্ষকের কাছে যাওয়ার গল্প। তিনি জ্ঞান অর্জনের ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করেছিলেন। তিনি তাকে কলা ও বিজ্ঞান শেখানোর জন্য অনুরোধ করেছিলেন। শিক্ষক ছেলেটির দক্ষতা যাচাই করতে চেয়েছিলেন। তিনি তাকে জিজ্ঞেস করলেন, "ঈশ্বর কোথায়?" শিক্ষক ছেলেটির বোঝার বিষয়ে উচ্চ ধারণা পোষণ করেছিলেন। ছেলে জ্ঞান অর্জনে নিজেকে নিয়োজিত করেছিল। ছেলেটি উত্তর দিল যে, তিনি যদি বলেন কোথায় তিনি নেই, তবে তিনি উত্তর দেবেন। তিনি তাকে উচ্চ প্রশংসা করেছিলেন। তিনি ছেলেটিকে শেখানোর জন্য সম্মত হলেন। 5. Sylhet Board 2017: Nobel Prize Rearranged Sequence: c → b → d → j → e → f → i → g → a → h Story:Nobel prize is the world’s most important prize. The prize is instituted by a man who was the inventor of the science of destruction. He is Alfred Bernard Nobel. He was born in Stockholm on 21st October 1833 and he died on 10th December 1896. Though he is a citizen of Sweden, he was educated in Russia. Nobel prizes are awarded for outstanding achievements in the field of science, literature, and for performing world peace. The prize is given to persons with the most outstanding contribution. Economics was added to the list in 1969 for the first time. One prize is awarded in each field. If there are more than one recipient of the prize in one field, the prize money is equally distributed among all the winners. Bangla Translation:নোবেল পুরস্কার হল বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পুরস্কার। এই পুরস্কারটি সেই মানুষটির দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছে যিনি ধ্বংসের বিজ্ঞানের উদ্ভাবক ছিলেন। তিনি আলফ্রেড বার্নার্ড নোবেল। তিনি ১৮৩৩ সালের ২১ অক্টোবর স্টকহোমে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন এবং ১৮৯৬ সালের ১০ ডিসেম্বর তিনি মারা যান। যদিও তিনি সুইডেনের নাগরিক, তিনি রাশিয়ায় পড়াশোনা করেছেন। নোবেল পুরস্কার বিজ্ঞানের ক্ষেত্রে, সাহিত্য এবং বিশ্ব শান্তির জন্য অসাধারণ অর্জনের জন্য প্রদান করা হয়। পুরস্কারটি সবচেয়ে অসাধারণ অবদানের জন্য ব্যক্তি দেওয়া হয়। ১৯৬৯ সালে প্রথমবারের মতো অর্থনীতিকে তালিকায় যোগ করা হয়। প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রে একটি পুরস্কার দেওয়া হয়। যদি এক ক্ষেত্রে একাধিক পুরস্কারের প্রাপক থাকে, তবে পুরস্কার অর্থ সমগ্র বিজেতাদের মধ্যে সমানভাবে বিতরণ করা হয়। 6. Chattogram Board 2017: Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah Rearranged Sequence: d → a → f → e → h → i → j → c → g → b Story:Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was born in 24 Pogona, West Bengal, in 1885. He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. He passed the entrance and FA exam in 1904 and 1906. He joined Jessore Zilla School in 1910. He passed Hons and M.A. in 1910 and 1912. He joined Dhaka University as a lecturer of Bengali in 1921. He got his Ph.D. in 1928. He was second to none in Bengali Language and literature. He received some awards and contributed much to Bengali Literature. He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. Bangla Translation:ড. মোহাম্মদ শাহিদুল্লাহ ১৮৮৫ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ২৪ পোগোণায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। তিনি বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত ভাষাবিদদের একজন ছিলেন। তিনি ১৯০৪ এবং ১৯০৬ সালে প্রবেশিকা ও এফএ পরীক্ষায় উত্তীর্ণ হন। ১৯১০ সালে তিনি যশোর জিলা স্কুলে যোগ দেন। ১৯১০ এবং ১৯১২ সালে তিনি অনার্স ও এম.এ. পাশ করেন। ১৯২১ সালে তিনি ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে বাংলা ভাষার প্রভাষক হিসেবে যোগদান করেন। ১৯২৮ সালে তিনি পিএইচডি পান। তিনি বাংলা ভাষা ও সাহিত্যে দ্বিতীয় কোনোকে তুলনায় ছিলেন না। তিনি কিছু পুরস্কার পেয়েছিলেন এবং বাংলা সাহিত্যে অনেক অবদান রেখেছিলেন। ১৯৬৯ সালে তিনি মারা যান এবং আমরা তাকে শ্রদ্ধার সঙ্গে মনে রাখি। 7. Dinajpur Board 2017: Napoleon and the English Boy Rearranged Sequence: i → e → b → j → h → c → g → a → f → d Story:One day Napoleon, the king of France, was walking along the seashore. Suddenly he noticed a wonderful thing. An English boy was making a small boat. The boy was brought before him, and he asked him what he would do with such a small boat. The boy said, “My country is on the other side of the sea. I shall cross the sea and go to my country by this boat.” He said, “Please let me go to my country.” Napoleon was charmed by the words of the small boy. He made all arrangements to send him to his country. Bangla Translation:একদিন ফ্রান্সের রাজা নেপোলিয়ন সমুদ্র তীরে হাঁটছিলেন। হঠাৎ তিনি একটি আশ্চর্যজনক বিষয় লক্ষ্য করলেন। একটি ইংরেজী ছেলে একটি ছোট নৌকা তৈরি করছিল। ছেলেটিকে তার সামনে আনা হয়েছিল এবং তিনি জিজ্ঞেস করেন, “এত ছোট নৌকায় তুমি কি করবে?” ছেলেটি বলল, “আমার দেশ সমুদ্রের অন্যদিকে। আমি এই নৌকায় করে সমুদ্র পার হয়ে আমার দেশে যাব।” তিনি বললেন, “অনুগ্রহ করে আমাকে আমার দেশে যেতে দিন।” নেপোলিয়ন ছোট ছেলেটির কথায় মুগ্ধ হলেন। তিনি তাকে তার দেশে পাঠানোর সব ব্যবস্থা করলেন। HSC Board Questions - 2016 1. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Dhaka Board -2016] (i) He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (ii) He never spoke the rest of his life. (iii) His name was Nambi. (iv) He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (v) Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (vi) There was a remote village named Somal. (vii) One day, he could not continue his story. (viii) After a few days, he called all the villagers and told them something. (ix) He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age, but he could make up stories. (x) The villagers were enchanted by a man. Answer: vi + x + iii + iv + ix + i + v + vii + viii + ii. 2. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Rajshahi Board- 2016] (i) He did not find any safe place to keep the bag and could not think where to keep the money. (ii) He gradually realised that he had money, but no peace of mind. (iii) He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money there. (iv) So, he could not devote himself to his work. (v) The farmer was surprised and said to himself, “One thousand rupee is a lot of money.” (vi) Now, a thought took hold of the farmer that his money could be stolen any time. (vii) He said to him, “Look my friend! I have brought one thousand rupees for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” (viii) The rich man went to the farmer with one thousand rupees in a bag. (ix) He took the bag of money from the rich man and thanked him. (x) This thought kept him awake and his sleep fled away at night. Answer: viii + vii + v + ix + i + iii + vi + x + iv + ii. 3. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Cumilla Board -2016, 2004; Barishal Board-2010] (i) The crow tried to turn the jar over the over again but failed. (ii) At last he found a jar in a garden. (iii) As he was leaving the jar in despair, he noticed a heap of pebbles nearby. (iv) There was some water in the jar, but it was at the bottom and out of his reach. (v) He flew from one place to another in search of water. (vi) He took some pebbles and started dropping them into the jar. (vii) Then he hit upon a plan. (viii) A crow was very thirsty and wanted to drink water. (ix) When the water came to the mouth of the jar the crow drank his full. (x) As each pebble went down, the water in the jar rose up little by little. Answer: viii + v + ii + iv + i + iii + vii + vi + x + ix. 4. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order. [Sylhet Board -2016] (i) The master was very amused. (ii) One of the ducks was standing on one leg and had the other leg a car atat folded inside, but the master was not to be fooled. (iii) The master looked at the cook and said there was no such thing as one-legged duck. (iv) The master clapped his hands loudly, and the duck put down its other leg and ran off. (v) The master became very annoyed as the cook told him that the duck had one leg only. (vi) The roast looked delicious and the cook ate one of the legs of the duck. (vii) At that moment, the cook looked out of the window. (viii) A cook once roasted a duck for his master. (ix) The cook replied that his master was right. (x) The cook insisted that the duck had one leg only. Answer: viii + vi + v + x + vii + ii + iv + iii + ix + i.

HSC 2026 Articles - All Board Questions 01. Fill in the blanks of the following text with articles where necessary. Some of the blanks may not require any article. Put a cross [x] in those blanks: (0.5x10=5) Though Bangladesh is struggling to achieve (a) ____ status of a middle income country, it is still beset with many problems. Unemployment problem is one of (b) ____ big challenges in Bangladesh. Hundreds and thousands of highly educated people are unemployed. (c) ____ government job is like (d) ____ golden deer to the educated youth. Nearly one hundred candidates apply for (e) ____ single post. (f) ____ mentioned problem is becoming acute day by day. Some pragmatic steps need to be taken in this regard. Firstly, (g) ____ government should emphasize on technical education. Secondly, (h) ____ educated people should not only run after government jobs. Thirdly, (i) ____ job seekers need to be engaged in self-motivated jobs. We think unemployment problem will be addressed as early as possible to booster (j) ____ overall development of Bangladesh. Answer to 01: (a) the (b) the (c) A (d) a (e) a (f) The (g) the (h) x/the (i) x/the (j) the Answer with Explanation Though Bangladesh is struggling to achieve (a) the status of a middle income country, it is still beset with many problems. Unemployment problem is one of (b) the big challenges in Bangladesh. Hundreds and thousands of highly educated people are unemployed. (c) A government job is like (d) a golden deer to the educated youth. Nearly one hundred candidates apply for (e) a single post. (f) The mentioned problem is becoming acute day by day. Some pragmatic steps need to be taken in this regard. Firstly, (g) the government should emphasize on technical education. Secondly, (h) [x] / the educated people should not only run after government jobs. Thirdly, (i) [x] / the job seekers need to be engaged in self-motivated jobs. We think unemployment problem will be addressed as early as possible to booster (j) the overall development of Bangladesh. Sentence-by-Sentence Breakdown & Bengali Translation 1. Though Bangladesh is struggling to achieve (a) the status of a middle income country, it is still beset with many problems. Answer (a): the Explanation: Uses a specific reference ("the status of..."). Translation: (যদিও বাংলাদেশ একটি মধ্যম আয়ের দেশের মর্যাদা অর্জনের জন্য সংগ্রাম করছে, তবুও এটি এখনও অনেক সমস্যায় জর্জরিত।) 2. Unemployment problem is one of (b) the big challenges in Bangladesh. Answer (b): the Explanation: Used before a superlative or to specify one of a group ("one of the..."). Translation: (বেকার সমস্যা বাংলাদেশের অন্যতম একটি বড় চ্যালেঞ্জ।) 3. Hundreds and thousands of highly educated people are unemployed. Translation: (শত শত এবং হাজার হাজার উচ্চশিক্ষিত মানুষ বেকার।) 4. (c) A government job is like (d) a golden deer to the educated youth. Answers (c) & (d): A / a Explanation: Both introduce singular countable nouns mentioned generally for the first time. Translation: (শিক্ষিত যুবকদের কাছে সরকারি চাকরি একটি সোনার হরিণের মতো।) 5. Nearly one hundred candidates apply for (e) a single post. Answer (e): a Explanation: Used to mean "one" single post. Translation: (প্রায় একশ প্রার্থী একটিমাত্র পদের জন্য আবেদন করে।) 6. (f) The mentioned problem is becoming acute day by day. Answer (f): The Explanation: Refers back to a previously mentioned problem. Translation: (উল্লিখিত সমস্যাটি দিন দিন তীব্র আকার ধারণ করছে।) 7. Some pragmatic steps need to be taken in this regard. Translation: (এ বিষয়ে কিছু বাস্তবসম্মত পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া প্রয়োজন।) 8. Firstly, (g) the government should emphasize on technical education. Answer (g): the Explanation: Used before specific government bodies or authorities. Translation: (প্রথমত, সরকারের উচিত কারিগরি শিক্ষার ওপর জোর দেওয়া।) 9. Secondly, (h) [x] / the educated people should not only run after government jobs. Answer (h): [x] (or the) Explanation: No article is generally needed before plural/general nouns like "educated people" in a broad sense, though "the" can work if specifying a defined group. Translation: (দ্বিতীয়ত, শিক্ষিত লোকজনের শুধু সরকারি চাকরির পেছনে ছোটা উচিত নয়।) 10. Thirdly, (i) [x] / the job seekers need to be engaged in self-motivated jobs. Answer (i): [x] (or the) Explanation: General plural noun phrase referring to job seekers overall. Translation: (তৃতীয়ত, চাকরিপ্রার্থীদের স্বয়ংক্রিয় বা স্বউদ্যোগী কাজে নিয়োজিত হতে হবে।) 11. We think unemployment problem will be addressed as early as possible to booster (j) the overall development of Bangladesh. Answer (j): the Explanation: Specifies the "overall development" of the country. Translation: (আমরা মনে করি, বাংলাদেশের সামগ্রিক উন্নয়ন ত্বরান্বিত করতে যত দ্রুত সম্ভব বেকার সমস্যার সমাধান করা হবে।) Articles Worksheet - 5.0 1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Rangamati is one of (a) ___ most attractive hilly districts of Bangladesh. It is located (b) ___ the western bank of Kaptai Lake. Most of the visitors visit the place for its (c) ___ eye-catching natural beauty. Nature has adorned this town (d) ___ all the elements of beauty. (e) ___ hills covered with green trees present (f) ___ unique sight. There are many tourist spots here. The suspension bridge of Rangamati is (g) ___ attraction for the tourists. It is also a home of several (h) ___ ethnic groups. (i) ___ trip to Rangamati would be (j) ___ outstanding experience for the nature lovers. Answers: (a) the, (b) on, (c) X, (d) with, (e) The, (f) a, (g) an, (h) X, (i) A, (j) an 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Computers are used (a) ___ many ways. For example, (b) ___ computer's memory may carry the names, addresses, and flight numbers of aeroplane passengers. (c) ___ ticket agent can find (d) ___ almost instantly, by typing (e) ___ flight number, whether there is a seat available (f) ___ a particular plane. At flight time, the computer can make a list of all the passengers (g) ___ the plane. Computers can also solve many problems. (h) ___ many bits of information can be compared (i) ___ one another. Mathematical calculations can then be performed (j) ___ them. Answers: (a) in, (b) The, (c) A, (d) it, (e) the, (f) on, (g) on, (h) The, (i) with, (j) with 3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Washing hands regularly is (a) ___ important activity. It keeps us safe (b) ___ coronavirus. How you wash your hand is also very (c) ___ important. First, you have to wet your hands (d) ___ clean, running water and apply soap. Then, rub your hands together with (e) ___ soap to create foam. Lather the backs of your hands, (f) ___ your fingers and (g) ___ your nails. Remember, you have to scrub your hands (h) ___ at least 20 seconds. After that, rinse your hands well with clean and running water. Finally, dry your hands using (i) ___ clean towel or tissue paper. Learn the process (j) ___ washing hands and also educate your friends about it. Answers: (a) an, (b) from, (c) an, (d) with, (e) the, (f) between, (g) under, (h) for, (i) a, (j) of 4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). George Washington was the first president of America. This great man was obedient (a) ___ his parents. (b) ___ the age of 15 he decided to go (c) ___ studies at (d) ___ excellent school in Europe, where his brother was studying and had made all (e) ___ preparations for crossing (f) ___ Atlantic Ocean. He ordered his people to put his necessary things (g) ___ the ship. As he was preparing to leave, he went to see his (h) ___ mother. She was not happy thinking that her son had to struggle (i) ___ lot to acquire (j) ___ education only at 15. So, Washington did not go. Answers: (a) to, (b) At, (c) for, (d) an, (e) the, (f) the, (g) on, (h) X, (i) a, (j) an 5. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). There are two types (a) ___ dreams. One is just (b) ___ dream and completely baseless. Anybody may meet (c) ___ it while sleeping. Another dream is real. It is very desirable to (d) ___ conscious and great person. Generally, it is called (e) ___ future plan. To be a great person this dream is (f) ___ must. Then go ahead (g) ___ the working field. Really, if there is no real dream, there is no interest (h) ___ action. True success depends (i) ___ a real dream. Remember, a life without (j) ___ aim or dream is like a ship without a rudder. Answers: (a) of, (b) a, (c) X, (d) a, (e) a, (f) a, (g) in, (h) in, (i) on, (j) an 6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Covid-19 is (a) ___ infectious diseases which has taken away many lives (b) ___ the world. It has created economic crisis (c) ___ many countries of the world. Many people have lost their jobs. Many small traders compelled to leave their trades. No doubt, it is a great disaster (d) ___ the people of the world. Though the coronavirus is very (e) ___ deadly, it has created awareness (f) ___ mass people. Besides, we have learnt many things (g) ___ it so far. Earlier, we were indifferent (h) ___ some rules of health and hygiene. Due to COVID-19, people of the world have become more conscious regarding the rules of health. Nowadays, we try to maintain social distancing. We avoid (i) ___ massive gatherings of people. We also have made a good habit (j) ___ washing hands several times a day. Answers: (a) an, (b) in, (c) in, (d) for, (e) X, (f) among, (g) from, (h) to, (i) of, (j) of 7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). There is no doubt that youth is (a) ___ best time of (b) ___ life. This is the time when it is (c) ___ most important (d) ___ one to remember (e) ___ maxim, "As you sow, so shall you reap." One must sow (f) ___ seeds (g) ___ industry, truthfulness and other virtues (h) ___ this season (i) ___ reap the harvest of prosperity and happiness. Whatever takes root in a man (j) ___ this time lasts throughout the rest of his life and moulds his future. Answers: (a) the, (b) X, (c) the, (d) for, (e) the, (f) the, (g) in, (h) during, (i) to, (j) in Articles Worksheet - 5.0 Answer 1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Rangamati is one of (a) ___ most attractive hilly districts of Bangladesh. It is located (b) ___ the western bank of Kaptai Lake. Most of the visitors visit the place for its (c) ___ eye-catching natural beauty. Nature has adorned this town (d) ___ all the elements of beauty. (e) ___ hills covered with green trees present (f) ___ unique sight. There are many tourist spots here. The suspension bridge of Rangamati is (g) ___ attraction for the tourists. It is also a home of several (h) ___ ethnic groups. (i) ___ trip to Rangamati would be (j) ___ outstanding experience for the nature lovers. Answers: (a) the, (b) on, (c) X, (d) with, (e) The, (f) a, (g) an, (h) X, (i) A, (j) an 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Computers are used (a) ___ many ways. For example, (b) ___ computer's memory may carry the names, addresses, and flight numbers of aeroplane passengers. (c) ___ ticket agent can find (d) ___ almost instantly, by typing (e) ___ flight number, whether there is a seat available (f) ___ a particular plane. At flight time, the computer can make a list of all the passengers (g) ___ the plane. Computers can also solve many problems. (h) ___ many bits of information can be compared (i) ___ one another. Mathematical calculations can then be performed (j) ___ them. Answers: (a) in, (b) The, (c) A, (d) it, (e) the, (f) on, (g) on, (h) The, (i) with, (j) with 3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Washing hands regularly is (a) ___ important activity. It keeps us safe (b) ___ coronavirus. How you wash your hand is also very (c) ___ important. First, you have to wet your hands (d) ___ clean, running water and apply soap. Then, rub your hands together with (e) ___ soap to create foam. Lather the backs of your hands, (f) ___ your fingers and (g) ___ your nails. Remember, you have to scrub your hands (h) ___ at least 20 seconds. After that, rinse your hands well with clean and running water. Finally, dry your hands using (i) ___ clean towel or tissue paper. Learn the process (j) ___ washing hands and also educate your friends about it. Answers: (a) an, (b) from, (c) an, (d) with, (e) the, (f) between, (g) under, (h) for, (i) a, (j) of 4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). George Washington was the first president of America. This great man was obedient (a) ___ his parents. (b) ___ the age of 15 he decided to go (c) ___ studies at (d) ___ excellent school in Europe, where his brother was studying and had made all (e) ___ preparations for crossing (f) ___ Atlantic Ocean. He ordered his people to put his necessary things (g) ___ the ship. As he was preparing to leave, he went to see his (h) ___ mother. She was not happy thinking that her son had to struggle (i) ___ lot to acquire (j) ___ education only at 15. So, Washington did not go. Answers: (a) to, (b) At, (c) for, (d) an, (e) the, (f) the, (g) on, (h) X, (i) a, (j) an 5. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). There are two types (a) ___ dreams. One is just (b) ___ dream and completely baseless. Anybody may meet (c) ___ it while sleeping. Another dream is real. It is very desirable to (d) ___ conscious and great person. Generally, it is called (e) ___ future plan. To be a great person this dream is (f) ___ must. Then go ahead (g) ___ the working field. Really, if there is no real dream, there is no interest (h) ___ action. True success depends (i) ___ a real dream. Remember, a life without (j) ___ aim or dream is like a ship without a rudder. Answers: (a) of, (b) a, (c) X, (d) a, (e) a, (f) a, (g) in, (h) in, (i) on, (j) an 6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). Covid-19 is (a) ___ infectious diseases which has taken away many lives (b) ___ the world. It has created economic crisis (c) ___ many countries of the world. Many people have lost their jobs. Many small traders compelled to leave their trades. No doubt, it is a great disaster (d) ___ the people of the world. Though the coronavirus is very (e) ___ deadly, it has created awareness (f) ___ mass people. Besides, we have learnt many things (g) ___ it so far. Earlier, we were indifferent (h) ___ some rules of health and hygiene. Due to COVID-19, people of the world have become more conscious regarding the rules of health. Nowadays, we try to maintain social distancing. We avoid (i) ___ massive gatherings of people. We also have made a good habit (j) ___ washing hands several times a day. Answers: (a) an, (b) in, (c) in, (d) for, (e) X, (f) among, (g) from, (h) to, (i) of, (j) of 7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and articles (a, an, the & zero article). There is no doubt that youth is (a) ___ best time of (b) ___ life. This is the time when it is (c) ___ most important (d) ___ one to remember (e) ___ maxim, "As you sow, so shall you reap." One must sow (f) ___ seeds (g) ___ industry, truthfulness and other virtues (h) ___ this season (i) ___ reap the harvest of prosperity and happiness. Whatever takes root in a man (j) ___ this time lasts throughout the rest of his life and moulds his future. Answers: (a) the, (b) X, (c) the, (d) for, (e) the, (f) the, (g) in, (h) during, (i) to, (j) in