Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test- 1 PART 1: Questions Topic: History Did you study history when you were at school? How often do you watch TV programmes about history now? Why/Why not? What period in history would you like to learn more about? Why? PART 2: Speaking Cue Card Describe the neighbourhood you lived in when you were a child. You should say: Where in your town/city the neighbourhood was? What kind of people lived there? What it was like to live in this neighbourhood? And explain whether you would like to live in this neighbourhood in the future. PART 3: Follow-Up Questions Discussion Topic: Neighbours What sort of things can neighbours do to help each other? How well do people generally know their neighbours in your country? How important do you think it is to have good neighbours? Discussion Topic: Facilities in Cities Which facilities are most important to people living in cities? How does shopping in small local shops differ from shopping in large city centre shops? Do you think that children should always go to the school nearest to where they live?   Questions and Answers PART 1: Answers Did you study history when you were at school? Yes, I studied history in school. It was one of the subjects that was part of the curriculum. How often do you watch TV programmes about history now? Why/Why not? I don’t watch history TV programmes very often. I usually prefer current events or entertainment shows because I find them more engaging. However, if there’s a documentary about a particularly interesting historical event, I might watch it. What period in history would you like to learn more about? Why? I’d like to learn more about the Renaissance period because it was a time of significant cultural, artistic, and scientific advancements that shaped the modern world. PART 2: Speaking Cue Card Answer When I was a child, I lived in a neighborhood located in the northern part of my city. It was a suburban area, about a 20-minute drive from the city center, but it felt much more peaceful and residential. The streets were lined with trees, and there were several parks nearby, which made it a great place for families. The people who lived in my neighborhood were mostly families with young children, similar to mine. There were also a few elderly couples who had lived there for decades. It was a close-knit community where everyone knew each other, and we often had gatherings or events that brought us all together. The sense of community was very strong, and I always felt safe and welcomed. Living in this neighborhood was wonderful. As a child, I had the freedom to play outside without any worries. The local park was just a short walk away, and it was a popular spot for kids to gather and play games or ride bikes. The schools in the area were also quite good, so most of the children in the neighborhood attended the same schools, which helped us form strong friendships. As for whether I would like to live in this neighborhood in the future, I would say that I would consider it. The neighborhood has a lot of positive memories for me, and it’s still a lovely place to live. However, now that I’m older and my lifestyle has changed, I might prefer to live in a more urban area with more amenities and a faster pace of life. But if I were to start a family, I think this neighborhood would be a great place to settle down. PART 3: Follow-Up Answers Discussion Topic: Neighbours What sort of things can neighbours do to help each other? Neighbours can help each other in many ways. For example, they can look after each other’s homes when someone is away, like collecting mail or watering plants. They can also offer to babysit in emergencies or help with household chores, like shoveling snow or lending tools. In times of need, having a neighbour to rely on can be invaluable, whether it’s borrowing a cup of sugar or offering a ride to the grocery store. How well do people generally know their neighbours in your country? In my country, the level of familiarity with neighbours varies greatly depending on the area. In smaller towns or rural areas, people tend to know their neighbours quite well and often interact regularly. They might visit each other’s homes and share news or help out with tasks. However, in larger cities, people are more likely to keep to themselves, and it’s not uncommon for neighbours to barely know each other, especially in apartment buildings or densely populated areas. How important do you think it is to have good neighbours? Having good neighbours is very important because they contribute to a sense of community and security. Good neighbours can make life more pleasant by being friendly and supportive, which is especially important in times of need or emergency. They also help to create a peaceful living environment where everyone looks out for each other. In contrast, difficult or uncooperative neighbours can make daily life stressful and uncomfortable. Discussion Topic: Facilities in Cities Which facilities are most important to people living in cities? Facilities like public transportation, healthcare services, and educational institutions are among the most important for people living in cities. Efficient public transport systems are crucial because they allow people to commute easily without needing a car. Access to good healthcare facilities, like hospitals and clinics, is also essential for maintaining public health. Additionally, quality schools and universities are important for families and young adults. How does shopping in small local shops differ from shopping in large city centre shops? Shopping in small local shops usually offers a more personalized experience. The staff often know their regular customers and can provide tailored recommendations or special orders. The products might also be more unique or locally sourced, which can be a big draw for people looking for something different. On the other hand, large city centre shops, particularly chain stores or shopping malls, offer a wider variety of products under one roof. They often have more competitive prices due to their scale, but the shopping experience can feel more impersonal. Do you think that children should always go to the school nearest to where they live? While attending the nearest school can be convenient, especially for younger children, I don’t think it should always be mandatory. The quality of education varies from school to school, and parents should have the option to choose a school that best meets their child’s needs, even if it is farther away. Factors like the school’s curriculum, extracurricular activities, and overall environment are important considerations. However, if the local school provides a good education, it can be beneficial for children to attend it, as it allows them to build friendships within their community. Vocabulary words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Curriculum The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college পাঠ্যক্রম "History was part of the school curriculum, so everyone studied it." Documentary A non-fiction film or program about real events তথ্যচিত্র "I only watch history documentaries if the topic is particularly interesting." Renaissance The period of cultural rebirth in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century রেনেসাঁস যুগ "The Renaissance period interests me because of its artistic and scientific advancements." Suburban Located outside a city but within commuting distance শহরতলির "I grew up in a suburban neighborhood, just a short drive from the city center." Close-knit community A group of people with strong, supportive relationships ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্প্রদায় "My neighborhood was a close-knit community where everyone knew each other." Amenities Convenient features or services offered in a place সুযোগ-সুবিধা "Living in a more urban area with more amenities might suit my lifestyle better now." Babysit To take care of a child temporarily, often as a favor শিশু দেখা "Neighbours can help by babysitting in emergencies." Rural Pertaining to the countryside গ্রামীণ "In rural areas, people generally know their neighbours much better than in cities." Invaluable Extremely valuable; essential অমূল্য "Having a helpful neighbour is invaluable, especially in emergencies." Densely populated Having a high number of people per unit area ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ "In densely populated cities, people tend to keep to themselves more." Public transportation A system of buses, trains, etc., available for the public গণপরিবহন "Public transportation is essential for people commuting in cities." Locally sourced Obtained from local producers স্থানীয়ভাবে সংগৃহীত "Small shops often offer products that are unique or locally sourced." Tailored Made or adapted for a specific purpose or person নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা উদ্দেশ্যের জন্য উপযুক্ত "Small shops provide a more tailored shopping experience than large city stores." Extracurricular activities Non-academic activities organized by the school পাঠ্যক্রম বহির্ভূত কার্যক্রম "Parents may choose a school farther away if it offers strong extracurricular activities." Impersonal Lacking personal feeling or connection আনুষ্ঠানিক "Large shopping malls often feel impersonal compared to local stores."

Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test- 3 PART 1: Speaking Questions 1.       What do you like to drink with your dinner? [Why?] 2.       Do you drink a lot of water every day? [Why/Why not?] 3.       Do you prefer drinking tea or coffee? [Why?] 4.       If people visit you in your home, what do you usually offer them to drink? [Why/Why not?] PART 2: Speaking Cue Card Questions Describe a monument (e.g., a statue or sculpture) that you like. You should say: ·         what this monument is ·         where this monument is ·         what it looks like ·         and explain why you like this monument. PART 3: Follow-Up Questions & Discussion Public Monuments 1.       What kinds of monuments do tourists in your country enjoy visiting? 2.       Why do you think there are often statues of famous people in public places? 3.       Do you agree that old monuments and buildings should always be preserved? Architecture 1.       Why is architecture such a popular university subject? 2.       In what ways has the design of homes changed in recent years? 3.       To what extent does the design of buildings affect people’s moods? Questions and Answers Part 1: Answers 1.       What do you like to drink with your dinner? [Why?] I usually enjoy a glass of water with my dinner. It's refreshing and keeps me hydrated without interfering with the meal's flavors. Sometimes, if I'm feeling adventurous, I’ll have a glass of red wine or a sparkling drink, especially if it’s a special occasion. It adds a nice touch to the dining experience! 2.       Do you drink a lot of water every day? [Why/Why not?] Absolutely, I try to drink plenty of water every day. Staying hydrated is crucial for my energy levels and overall health. I find that it helps with my concentration, especially when I’m studying or working. Plus, it keeps my skin looking fresh. I often carry a reusable bottle with me to remind myself to sip throughout the day. 3.       Do you prefer drinking tea or coffee? [Why?] I lean more towards tea, especially herbal varieties like chamomile or peppermint. They’re soothing and perfect for winding down at the end of the day. Coffee can be a bit too stimulating for me, and I don’t like the jitters it sometimes brings. However, I do appreciate a good cup of coffee when I need an energy boost in the morning! 4.       If people visit you in your home, what do you usually offer them to drink? [Why/Why not?] When guests come over, I like to offer a range of options. Depending on the time of day, I might serve tea, coffee, or even some fresh juice. I think it's important to cater to what they might enjoy. Plus, I always want my guests to feel comfortable and welcomed. If it’s hot out, a chilled drink is a must! Part 2: Answer One monument that truly captivates me is the Eiffel Tower  in Paris, France. Standing at about 1,083 feet tall, it’s an iron lattice tower that has become a global symbol of romance and art. The Eiffel Tower is quite the sight; its intricate design and towering height make it a remarkable piece of architecture. It’s painted in a bronze color, often referred to as “Eiffel Tower Brown,” which complements the Parisian skyline beautifully. I love how it sparkles at night, creating a magical atmosphere around it. I have a soft spot for this monument because it represents not just a landmark, but also a deep cultural connection to France and its history. It was constructed for the 1889 Exposition Universelle to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution, which makes it a testament to human ingenuity. Visiting the Eiffel Tower feels like stepping into a fairy tale, and it symbolizes love and creativity, which resonates deeply with me. Part 3: Answers 1.       What kinds of monuments do tourists in your country enjoy visiting? Tourists often flock to historical monuments that showcase our cultural heritage. Landmarks like ancient forts and temples are popular, as they reflect the rich history and architectural brilliance of our past. For instance, the Taj Mahal  is a massive draw, known for its breathtaking beauty. Modern memorials and statues, like the India Gate , also attract visitors, offering insights into our national history and sacrifices. 2.       Why do you think there are often statues of famous people in public places? Statues of notable figures serve as a means of honoring their contributions to society. They keep their legacies alive, inspiring future generations. These monuments remind us of the values these individuals stood for, whether it be courage, creativity, or leadership. They often spark curiosity and provide a tangible connection to our history, which is important for collective memory. 3.       Do you agree that old monuments and buildings should always be preserved? Yes, I firmly believe old monuments and buildings deserve preservation. They’re like windows into our past, offering a glimpse of our history and culture. Preserving these structures maintains the identity of a place and can boost local tourism. However, it’s essential to assess their condition; if a building poses safety risks, thoughtful decisions should be made regarding its future. 4.       Why is architecture such a popular university subject? Architecture blends creativity with practicality, making it an attractive field for students. It allows individuals to design spaces that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing. The potential for diverse career paths, from urban planning to interior design, further enhances its appeal. Architecture also significantly influences how people interact with their environments, which adds another layer of interest to the subject. 5.       In what ways has the design of homes changed in recent years? Home design has evolved a lot lately, primarily due to lifestyle changes and a focus on sustainability. Many modern homes now feature open floor plans, promoting a sense of space and community. Sustainability is a big trend, with more homes incorporating energy-efficient systems and eco-friendly materials. Additionally, smart home technology has gained popularity, allowing homeowners to control various functions with ease, which is pretty convenient. 6.       To what extent does the design of buildings affect people’s moods? The design of buildings can significantly impact our mood and well-being. Spaces flooded with natural light and equipped with open areas tend to create a positive atmosphere, promoting relaxation and productivity. On the flip side, cramped or poorly designed environments can induce stress and discomfort. Thoughtful architecture can enhance our quality of life, making us feel more connected and inspired in our surroundings. Vocabulary words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Captivates To attract and hold the attention or interest of মন্ত্রমুগ্ধ করা "The Eiffel Tower captivates visitors with its stunning design." Intricate Very detailed or complex জটিল "The intricate design of the Eiffel Tower is admired by many." Monument A structure erected to commemorate a person or event স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ "Historical monuments often tell stories about a nation’s past." Testament Something that serves as evidence or proof সাক্ষ্য "The Eiffel Tower is a testament to human ingenuity." Heritage The traditions, achievements, and beliefs that are part of a group ঐতিহ্য "Tourists enjoy visiting historical monuments that showcase our cultural heritage." Legacy Something handed down from the past উত্তরাধিকার "Statues of notable figures keep their legacies alive." Collective memory The shared pool of knowledge and information held by a group যৌথ স্মৃতি "Monuments provide a tangible connection to our history, important for collective memory." Preservation The act of maintaining something in its original state সংরক্ষণ "I believe old monuments deserve preservation for their historical value." Aesthetically pleasing Visually attractive or beautiful দৃষ্টিনন্দন "Architecture allows individuals to design spaces that are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing." Sustainability The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level স্থায়িত্ব "Sustainability is a big trend in modern home design." Open floor plans An architectural design that minimizes barriers between rooms খোলামেলা নকশা "Many modern homes now feature open floor plans to promote a sense of space." Smart home technology Technology that allows control of household systems via the internet স্মার্ট হোম প্রযুক্তি "Smart home technology has gained popularity, allowing homeowners to control various functions with ease." Mood A temporary state of mind or feeling মেজাজ "The design of buildings can significantly impact our mood and well-being." Natural light Sunlight that enters a building through windows প্রাকৃতিক আলো "Spaces flooded with natural light tend to create a positive atmosphere."

Dhaka Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks] 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka’s BAF Shaheen school, from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination, he became a student at the Department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32. It is well known to his friends that Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practicing the Sitar and during the day played basketball, football, or cricket. In the evening, he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performances of "Kabar," written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of ‘Spondon Shilpi Gosthi’—a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahani Krira Chakra, which introduced modern football in our country? There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the eldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) The word 'liveliness' refers to —(i) loveliness (ii) weariness (iii) exuberance (iv) dullness (b) The phrase 'took part' in the passage implies —(i) got out (ii) showed off (iii) partake (iv) abandoned (c) Sheikh Kamal became a student of Chhayanaut with a view to —(i) learn sitar (ii) learning sitar (iii) learnt sitar (iv) have a sitar (d) Sheikh Kamal had a great ___ for classical music.(i) indifference (ii) fascination (iii) dislike (iv) apathy (e) The phrase 'well-known' is a/an —(i) adjective phrase (ii) adverbial phrase (iii) noun phrase (iv) prepositional phrase (f) 'Tutelage' in the text could be best replaced by —(i) tuition (ii) tutor (iii) address (iv) guardianship (g) Road no. 32 is a —(i) road only (ii) residence (iii) part of the history of Bangladesh (iv) President's house (h) The play 'Kabar' is written by —(i) Ustad Ful Mohammad (ii) Dhaka Theatre (iii) Spondon Shilpi Gosthi (iv) Shaheed Munir Chowdhury (i) A playwright is a person who —(i) acts on the stage (ii) stages a play (iii) writes a drama (iv) makes a cinema (j) Sheikh Kamal started his day by —(i) playing cricket (ii) practicing the sitar (iii) rehearsing a play (iv) playing basketball B. Answer the following questions: 3 x 5 = 15 (a) What do you know about the parentage and birthplace of Sheikh Kamal? (b) Sheikh Kamal was both a sports lover and a good organizer. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (c) What do you know about Sheikh Kamal's participation in cultural activities? (d) What type of life did Sheikh Kamal lead? (e) How did Sheikh Kamal spend his childhood? 2. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing Jerry's extraordinary character in each of the boxes (one is done for you): 1 x 5 = 5 At daylight, I was half-awakened by the sound of chopping. Again, it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. When I left my bed in the cool morning, the boy had come and gone, and a stack of kindling was neat against the cabin wall. He came after school in the afternoon and worked until it was time to return to the orphanage. His name was Jerry; he had been at the orphanage since he was four. I could picture him at four, with the same grave gray-blue eyes and the same independence. No, the word that comes to me is 'integrity'. It is bedded on courage, but it is more than bravery. It is honest, but it is more than honesty. The axe handle broke one day. Jerry said the woodshop at the orphanage would repair it. I brought money to pay for the job, and he refused it. "I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the axe down carelessly." "But no one hits accurately every time," I told him. "The fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man from whom I bought it." It was only then that he would take the money. He was standing back of his own carelessness. He was a free-will agent, and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took responsibility without subterfuge. 1. A boy of integrity 3.Write a summary of the following text.                                                                              10 The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training the body. Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers who help beginners with some exercise such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most common approaches to meditation Is concentration. Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. It increases the thinking ability of human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly for a longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, mediation improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.                                                                        Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.                                                           0.5 x 10 = 5 crown vote organize entertain certain approximate great prestige hold practice remember difference Football is the most popular and exciting event for all classes of people. The World Cup football is the (a) ______ show in the world. It is the most (b) ______ international tournament of football. The competition takes place once every four years. FIFA World Cup 2022 was (c) ______ in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December. 32 teams of (d) ______ nations participated in the tournament. (e) ______ over $220 billion were spent in organizing this tournament. There were 64 matches played in eight venues across five cities. The final match was (f) ______ between France and Argentina. Argentina was (g) ______ champion, and captain Lionel Messi was (h) ______ the best player of the tournament. The 2022 World Cup was really a great source of (i) ______ and will be ever (j) ______.   5.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word in each gap :                                     1x10=10   The Padma Bridge is a multi-purpose road-rail bridge over the (a) ______ river in Bangladesh. It is the longest bridge in Bangladesh. At first, the World Bank intended to (b) ______ for the construction of the bridge and later (c) ______ their decision. But this mega project has been built with domestic funding without (d) ______ aid. It is 6.15 km long and 18.10 m wide. There is a four-lane highway on the upper level and a one-lane railway on the lower level. The construction journey was started on 7 December 2014 and completed by May 2022. The dream of Bengalis has come to reality after (e) ______ various uncertainties. The bridge was (f) ______ by the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on June 25 of 2022. Through the opening of the bridge, 19 districts of the southwestern region have been directly (g) ______ with the eastern part of the country. The importance of the Padma Bridge is (h) ______ in economic development and in changing the living (i) ______ of millions of people. The world has (j) ______ the historical achievement of the people of Bangladesh through the construction of the Padma Bridge. The Padma Bridge symbolizes Bangladesh's self-esteem. 6.  Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.            10 (a)    "Where is my son?" asked the grocer. (b)    Then one day the fruit seller said to the grocer. "I am going to the town to do some shopping. Please send your son with me to cany my things." (c)    The grocer said. "The mice ate away your balance and weights. So. i can't return you." (d)    "A crow carried your son away," replied the fruit seller. (e)    One day a grocer borrowed a balance and weights from a fruit seller. (f)     The grocer sent his son with the fruit seller but he came back alone from  the   town. (g)    "You liar! How can a crow cany away such a big boy?" the grocer shouted angrily. (h)    The lame excuse of the dishonest grocer made the fruit seller very angry. But         he checked   his temper, (i)      “Just the same way as mice can eat away the balance and weights," said  the   fruit seller. (jl After a few days, the fruit seller asked the grocer to return his balance and weights. PART-II (40 Marks] 7. The graph chart shows the choice of profession by educated people in our country. Describe the graph in 150 words.                                              15 8. The following is the beginning of a story and complete it in your own language:     15 There was a pond full of frogs. Some of them often put their heads out of the water and croaked loudly. One day some boys were playing by the side of the pond. When they heard the frogs croaking    9. Suppose, you are Mukta. You have recently been to the Sundarbans. Now, write a letter to your friend narrating the scenic beauty.              10 Key To Dhaka Board-2023 DHAKA BOARD-2023 English (Compulsory]- First Paper PART-I : READING TEST 1. A. (a) ill. exuberance (b) iii. partake (c) ii. learning sitar (d) ii. fascination (e) i. adjective phrase (f) iv. Guardianship (g) iii. part of the history of Bangladesh (h) iv. Shaheed Munir Chowdhury (I] iii. writes a drama (j) ii. practicing the sitar B. (a) Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was bom at Tungipara in Gopalgan district. He was a prominent figure in the liberation war of Bangladesh. His parentage Includes his father, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and his mother. Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib. (b)    Yes. I agree that Sheikh Kamal was both a sports lover and a good organizer. He was a first division basketball and cricket player. Besides, he founded Abahoni Krira Chokro and he was also a founder member of Dhaka Theatre. (c)    Sheikh Kamal actively engaged in cultural activities, dedicating himself to fostering sports, music, and the arts in Bangladesh. He was a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar. Apart from Sitar, he had a passion for Plano. Besides, he acted in stage performance of Kabor written by prominent playwright shaheed Munir Chowdhury. He also performed In Spondon Shiipi Gostlii. (d)    Sheikh Kamal led a very colourful life marked by liveliness and creativity. He spent his days through various philanthropic activities and sporting events. (e) Sheikh Kamal spent his sweet childhood days at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He was nurtured to a political environment and had opportunities to explore various educational and cultural activities. He spent time playing with his friends in his childhood. 3.      The passage deals with meditation and its advantages. Meditation Is a practice that focuses on training, awareness, attention, and compassion. It controls the mind Just like workout disciplines the body. From the ancient times meditation is practiced in numerous religious traditions. Nowadays, it is very popular among people because it is a good way to reduce stress, stay focused, and bring inner peace and harmony. Moreover. It improves our thinking capability, self-awareness, and forbearance as well. 4.      (a) greatest (b) prestigious (c) organized/held (d) different (e) Approximately (i) held (g) crowned (h) voted (i) entertainment (j) remembered 5.      (a] mighty (b) invest/fund (c] reversed/changed/overturned (d) foreign (e) overcoming (fl inaugurated (g) connected (h) pivotal/vital (I) standards (J) witnessed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 e J c h b f a d g i

Jashore Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks]   1.      Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams  (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are '...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes.' A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) The Interpretation of Dreams is a ______.i. biological book ii. theoretical book iii. detective book iv. gothic book (b) What does the word 'disguised' mean in the passage?i. hidden ii. real iii. genuine iv. fake (c) "Puzzling over the content of a dream" - What does it imply?i. thinking deeply about the subject of dreamii. thinking deeply about the condition of dreamiii. thinking deeply about the satisfaction of dreamiv. thinking lightly about the subject of dream (d) What does the word 'consensus' mean?i. refusal ii. discord iii. agreement iv. confusion (e) In which issue do researchers differ a lot?i. time of dreams ii. reasons for dreamingiii. purpose and function of dreams iv. essentials of dreams (f) When are the images, thoughts, and emotions of a dream experienced?i. after sleep ii. before sleep iii. during waking hours iv. during sleep (g) Sigmund Freud was a ______.i. physicist ii. neurotic iii. psychologist iv. palmist (h) We may often find ourselves ______ during a dream.i. perplexed ii. sorry iii. sad iv. happy (i) Which of the following is true?i. There is a definite reason for dreaming.ii. Dreams are a representation of conscious desires.iii. Scientists have been researching dreams for thousands of years.iv. We are often puzzled by the content of dreams. (j) The word 'cognitive' means ______.i. mental process of understanding ii. process of musiciii. process of keeping good health iv. process of developing thoughts B.      Answer the following questions :                                                          3x5=15 (a)     What Is the theory of Sigmund Freud about dream? (b)     How much has science been successful In explaining dreams? (c)     What are the benefits of dream? (d)     What does the expression ‘disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes' mean? (e)     Define dream in your own language. 2.      Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education, (one is done for you) 1x5 = 5 Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we leam how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We leam to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values IL imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare. 1.    Develops our inner strength 3.      Write a summary of the following text.                                                                                10 The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said. Man Is by nature a social anima).' What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspires him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage: some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our Joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.             4.      Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.              0.5 x 10 = 5 all follow answer use through necessary rise careful begin distribute have carefully Students should be strategic about their examination. It is (a)----- for an examinee to (b)---- some instructions. He should go (c)---- the whole question before he (d)----- to write. He must make a proper (e)---------- of his time so that he can (f)------- enough time to answer (g)------ the questions. He must write his answer (h)----------- . He should be (I)---- about his handwriting. He can (j)------- double spacing If his handwriting is tiny or very untidy. 5.      Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                                                              1 x 10 = 10 Air and water are two important (a)----- of the environment. These elements are (b)------ for life on earth. They are often (c)---- in many ways. Air is polluted by (d)---- and water by different kinds of waste and (e) ------ . If we want to live a (f) ---------  life, we should (g) -----  the pollution of the environment. Total prevention may be (h)----- , but we can certainly (i)------ pollution by raising (j) ----- among people. 6.Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                     10 (a)     Then he invited applications. (b)     The applicants were asked to meet the Sultan one by one. (c)     Long ago, there lived a Sultan in a country. (d)     Then the Sultan found the desired man. |e] He wanted to appoint an honest man as his tax collector. (f) A number of people applied for the Job. (g)     All the applicants blushed and refused except one. (h)     So, he asked for the wise counselors' advice. (i)      When they arrived, the Sultan asked them to dance. (J)   They came through a passage where gold coins were kept. 7.The graph below shows the selling rates of seven types of books in ‘Ekushey Boi Mela-2023',Describe the graph highlighting the information given in the bar chart : PART-II [40 Marks] 8. The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words :      15 Ismail Mian is an established farmer of Dhunchi. a village standing on the bank of the Padma. Though he was born in a poor family, today he is an idol to the hardworking youths of the area. One day, he told them about his success story to........................................................... 9. Write a letter to your younger brother/sister advising him/her not to share fake or baseless news on his/her social media account.                                 10   Key To Jashore Board-2023 English (Compulsory)- First Paper PART-1 : READING TEST 1. A. (a) li. theoretical book (b) I. hidden (c) i. thinking deeply about the subject of dream (d) til. agreement (e) ii. purpose and function of dream (f) Iv. during sleep (g) ill. psychologist (h) i. perplexed (I) iv. We are very often puzzled by the content of dream, (j) i. mental process of understanding B. (a) The theory of Sigmund Freud about dream is it is a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. (b)     I think science has been succeeded a little In interpreting dreams. It is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. (c)     Dream Is beneficial. It brings mental, emotional and physical well-being. (d)     By tills, Sigmund Freud means that a person s suppressed desires, which are usually hidden, are satisfied in dreams. That is. the hidden wants of a person are subconsciously met in a dream. (e)     A dream refers to a series of images, events and feelings that happen In peoples' mind while they are asleep. Dreams are at times very clear while at other times abstract and ambiguous. Dreams are sometimes pleasant, while sometimes they might be rather spine­chilling and terrifying. 2. 1. Develops our inner strength 2. Makes us self­confident 3. Helps us articulate our thoughts 4. Helps us make our own opinion 5. Expands our sense of belonging -> 6. Prepares us to actively work for the community 3.      Man is instinctly social animal. Without company man becomes restless and unhappy. Relationship of man with family, with society, in profession difers from phase to phase and provides all kinds of support, love and affection. To maintain the relationships, trust and love for each other is a must. Otherwise, man can be deprived of the sweet fruit of relationship. 4.      (a) necessary (b) follow (c) through (d) begins (e) distribution (1) have (g) all (h) carefully (i) careful (j) use 5.      (a) elements (b) essential (c) polluted (d) smoke (e) chemicals/filth (f) healthy (g) prevent/decrease (h)imposslble/dlfficult i) reduce J) awareness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c e h a f b J 1 g d

Cumilla Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks] 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, "Man is by nature a social animal." What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks the company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in the workplace, or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social, like the ones we have with friends, and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in the workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, and between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love, and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joys with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often, we see people quarreling and fighting with each other, which only brings misery and loss to all. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) The word 'isolation' means —(i) connection (ii) confinement (iii) separation (b) What does a man pursue? —(i) Wealth (ii) Knowledge (iii) Health (c) Who forms relationships with toys? —(i) Boys (ii) Girls (iii) Children (d) Emotional health is needed in —(i) abstraction (ii) triviality (iii) human life (e) The word 'foster' refers to —(i) cheer (ii) separate (iii) nourish (f) Without proper relationships, there is, indeed, —(i) a crisis of existence (ii) a risk of ruin (iii) a problem of helplessness (iv) all of the above (g) What keeps us close to each other? —(i) Society (ii) Family (iii) Livelihood (h) The wild animals also need —(i) food (ii) house (iii) company (i) Man establishes relationships for physical and emotional —(i) health (ii) crisis (iii) breakdown (j) Man's relationship is related to his —(i) enmity (ii) antipathy (iii) entity (iv) bond B. Answer the following questions: 3 x 5 = 15 (a) How does relationship help a man? (b) What types of relationships are there? (c) What pain does the person feel who has no family? (d) How is man's relationship different from those of other animals? (e) What is the role of school in man's relationship?   Read the following text and make a flow chart showing Amerigo's sufferings after his parents' separation, (one is done for you)                                         1x5 = 5 My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and 1 live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from my father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away.... Now she Is married to another man. My father lives very far away. 1 want to go to him. but he won't take me either. 1 begged him to send me some money so that I could buy a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't answered. The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. I stopped doing that after 1 had a serious infection and a doctor told me to stay away from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice-cream shop owner and sold ice-cream on the beach. But 1 got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep In his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice-cream box is quite heavy when it is full. 1 had to walk for hours, offering my ice-cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice-cream. 3.Write a summary of the following poem :                                                                               10 All people dream, but not equally. Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their mind. Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity. But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people.  For they dream their dreams with open eyes. And make them come true. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.       0.5 x 10 = 5 truthful help keep characteristics theory cheat need easy select difficult judge suggestions   It is not easy to understand a man by seeing only his face. Even it is not easy to know about his mentality by (a) ______ only his speeches. It is very difficult to examine a man's (b) ______ by his outer appearances. So finding a friend is not very (c) ______. It is one of the world's most (d) ______ tasks. Real friends are found in our (e) ______. A real friend is always (f) ______ in his friend's dangers. He always (g) ______ his friend's secrets secure. We can often be (h) ______ by friends. We must remain careful in (i) ______ friends. We can have (j) ______ from our elders in this regard. Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                                               1 x 10 = 10 A large number of people learn English (a)--- the world. Some people use it (b)---- a first language and some people take it as a (c)----- language. Many international (d)----- now depend on English for (e) -----  with offices in different countries. They offer employment to people (f) ---  adequate knowledge of English. The advertisements (g)------  in many dailies (h)--- In English. So. it would not be (i)-- to neglect this (j)------ language. 6.Rearrange the fallowing sentences to make a coherent order.                  10 (a)     He was one of the most renowned linguists of Bangladesh. (b)     He died in 1969 and we remember him with respect. (c)     He was second to none in Bangla language and literature. (d)     Dr. Mohammad Shahidullah was bom in 24 Porgonas, West Bengal in 1885. (e)     He Joined Jashore Zilla School in 1910. (f)      He passed the Entrance and F.A. Exam in 1904 and 1906. (g) He received some awards and contributed much to Bangla literature. (h) He passed Honours and Masters in 1910 and 1912. (1)     He Joined Dhaka University as a Lecturer in 1921. (]] He got his Ph.D in 1928. PART-II [40 Marks] The pie chart below shows the time allocation of a student's daily activities. Describe the chart in 150 words. You should highlight and summarize the information in the chart. 15  Daily activities of a student 8.      The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words:    15 Once there was a selfish giant who had a large and beautiful garden. The garden was full of soft green grass. Here and there all over the grass stood many colorful flowers like stars............................. Suppose, you have received a birthday gift from your friend. Now, write a letter to your friend thanking him/her for the birthday gift.    10   Key To Cumilla Board-2023                                                English (Compulsory)- First Paper PART-1: READING TEST 1. A. (a) ill. separation [b] iv. Relationship (c) iii. Children (d) ill. human life (e) iii. nourish (f) iv. all of the above (g) iv. Relationship (h) iii. company (i) i. health (j) iii. entity B. (a) Relationship help a man by providing emotional support, companionship, and a sense of belonging. (b)     There are various types of relationships, such as, familial, social, and professional. Besides, there are also relationships between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with. (c)     The person without a family may feel deep sense of loneliness, isolation, and lack of emotional connection. (d)     Man's relationships are different from those of other animals due to their complexity, emotional depth, and ability to communicate and connect on various levels. (e) The role of school in a man's relationships is to provide opportunities for social interaction, skill development, and the foundation for forming connections with friends. 2. 1. Living on street alone -> 2. Collects trash & sells it >  3. Sells ice-cream for livelihood -> 4. Goes untreated in sickness -> 5. Works for 10 to 12 hours -> 6. Remains always hungry                           Or, 1. Living on street alone —i 2. Being unable to go to his father —> 3. Getting no remuneration from ice-cream seller —> 4. Walking for hours to sell ice-cream   5. Being unable to sell any ice-cream —> 6. Having a serious Infection 3.      In this poem the poet expresses his thoughts about dreams. All people dream but not equally. Here he utters an expression which is universal. He points out two types of dreams. There are some dreams which people dream in a stage of subconsciousness by night and there are some other dreams which people dream at the stage of consciousness. The dreams dreamt by night in the dusty recesses of mind are full of vanity. But the dreams which one dreams with open eyes are serious in nature, because these sorts of dreams are dreamt by dangerous people who try their level best to materialize their dreams at any cost. 4.       (a) Judging (b) character (c) easy (d) difficult (e) need (f) helpful (g) keeps (h) cheated (i) selecting (j) suggestions 5.       (a) across/throughout (b) as (c) second (d) organizations/companies (e) corresponding/ communicating (1) having (g) published (h) are (I) wise/logical (j) intemational/important/necessary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d a c f h e i J g b

Sylhet Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks] 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write, and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and form our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The first thing education does is give us an awareness of ourselves, leading to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community, and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare. Education is believed to release our potential and inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to life's problems, we become productive members of society. Education, by definition, is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practice these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place. Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us with a set of competencies, including life skills, that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature. School, however, is not the only place where a child gets an education. A Bangla poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lines from the poem in English translation:The sky has taught me to be liberal.The wind has given me the motto to be industrious. If we can make nature our friend, philosopher, and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) What does the idiom 'at large' mean?(i) briefly (ii) independently (iii) largely (iv) dependently (b) The word 'arithmetic' relates to —(i) physics (ii) mathematics (iii) biology (iv) chemistry (c) The sky teaches us to be —(i) honest (ii) sincere (iii) liberal (iv) courageous (d) Imparting education to the common mass leads a community to —(i) meanness (ii) backwardness (iii) prosperity (iv) humanity (e) The term 'self-confidence' is an outcome of —(i) education (ii) earning and success (iii) establishment (iv) wealth (f) The wind inspires us to be —(i) punctual (ii) industrious (iii) disciplined (iv) virtuous (g) The word 'function' refers to —(i) to work (ii) to know (iii) to think (iv) to analyze (h) The passage describes —(i) the expense of education (ii) the scholars of education (iii) the purpose of education (iv) the institution of education (i) What does the word 'competencies' refer to —(i) energies (ii) powers (iii) capabilities (iv) vitalities (j) Education supports us to choose —(i) profit from loss (ii) wrong from right (iii) right from wrong (iv) vice from virtue B. Answer the following questions: (a) What does education provide us? (b) Does education influence us in thinking? How? (c) Do you believe that education leads the path to socialization? How? (d) How do we obtain the ability to manage our affairs well? (e) Elucidate the role of nature as our “friend, philosopher and guide." Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing the information about Sheikh Kamal's passion for sports and cultural activities (one is done for you): 1 x 5 = 5 Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka’s BAF Shaheen School, from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination, he became a student at the Department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn the Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from the Sitar, Kamal had a passion for the Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32. It is well known to his friends that Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practicing the Sitar, and during the day played basketball, football, or cricket. In the evening, he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in the stage performance of "Kabar," written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi, a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro, which introduced modern football in our country? 1.   Lover of classical music 3.Write a summary of the following text. Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical changes if necessary. Hospitality has long been a (a) ______ of our culture in Bangladesh. Although many other things are (b) ______, now, people are still quite polite and friendly (c) ______ foreigners. They like speaking to foreigners (d) ______ if they have not been introduced. It is quite common for Bangladeshis to (e) ______ personal questions about family, jobs, and income, which visitors (f) ______ overseas might find awkward. However, it should be understood that (g) ______ harm is meant by such (h) ______. On the other (i) ______, they express a genuine interest in the foreigner's state of affairs. The whole country has a fairly (j) ______ communication network now. 5.Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                                                                        1 * 10 = 10 Kuakata is a rare scenic spot (a) ______ in Patuakhali district about 320 km (b) ______ Dhaka. It is a famous (c) ______ destination because of the picturesque (d) ______ beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky, and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen (e) ______. The name Kuakata (f) ______ from the digging of a well (kua) by the early Rakhaines for (g) ______ water. Kuakata allows its visitors to (h) ______ both sunrise and sunset from the (i) ______. Gentle and sandy slopes make it (j) ______ for battling, swimming, and diving. 6.       Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                  10 (a)     The grapes were too high for him to reach. (b)     One day he was very hungry. (c)     Again and again he Jumped. (d)     At last he entered into a vineyard. (e)     Once upon a time, there lived a fox in a forest. (f)      Al last being tired, he went away saying that the grapes were sour. (g)     But each time, he failed to reach the grapes. (h)     ) He took a run and jumped to reach the bunch of grapes but could not reach it. (i)      He searched for food everywhere but he did not get any food. (j)      There were ripe grapes hanging up on the vine. PART-II [40 Marks] 7.       The graph chart shows the choice of profession by educated people in our country. Now describe the chart highlighting important points :   15 8.       The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words :                              15 Once there lived a wood cutter. He was very poor but honest. He lived on the bank of a river near a Jungle. He used to cut wood............................ Write a letter to your friend congratulating him/her on his/her getting first prize in English debate competition.     10 Key To Sylhet Board-2023 SYLHET BOARD-2023 06                                          English (Compulsory]- First Paper PART-1: READING TEST 1. A. (a) ill. largely (b) li. mathematics (c) iii. liberal (d) iv. humanity (el 1. education (f) ii. industrious (g) i. to work (h) ii. the purpose of education (i) iil. capabilities (j) Hi. right from wrong B. {a] Education provides us with the skills needed for doing meaningful work. It also helps us make the right choices. (b) Yes. education influences us in thinking independently. It also helps us make our own opinions. (cl Yes, 1 do. It teaches us to respect human diversity and cultural and religions differences. It prepares every child for becoming an active member of society and working for its welfare. (d) Education provides us with the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. Thus we learn to think for ourselves and manage our affairs well. (el When we appreciate the beauty and the bounties of nature, it becomes our friend and philosopher. When we leam to be liberal from the sky and Industrious from the wind, it 2. 3.      The poem is the explanation of the gravity of dreams. The poet advises the dreamers that they should hold fast their dreams, because if dream is lost forever, then their lives will be inactive and meaningless. Life becomes as like as a fruitless tree or as like as a field which Is solely infertile. In his poem tire poet compares the dreamless life with the barren field covered with snow from where nobody can expect any crop or benefit. 4.      (a) part (bl changing (c) towards (d) even (e) ask (f) from (g) no (h) questions (i) hand (j) good 5.      (a) located (b) from (c) tourist (d] natural (e) forest (f) comes/originates (g) collectlng/drinking (h) watch (i) beach (j) pleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 e b i d J a h c g f

Barishal Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks] 1.      Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, “Man is by nature a social animal." What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks the company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in the workplace, or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social, like the ones we have with friends, and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in the workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, and between children and their toys that they cannot part with. All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us with all kinds of support, love, and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health. To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often, we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other, which only brings misery and loss to all. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) What does a man pursue? 1.      Wealth ii. Knowledge iii. Health iv. Relationship (b) Intimate bonds are formed through:i. nuptial arrangements ii. community support iii. familial relationships iv. professional relationships (c) The word 'foster' mentioned in the passage means:i. separate ii. cheer iii. nourish iv. imply (d) We develop ______ relationship in school.i. social ii. familial iii. professional iv. educational (e) The best synonym of 'restrict' is:i. instance ii. decent iii. impulse iv. significance (f) What keeps us close to each other?i. Family ii. Livelihood iii. Relationship iv. Society (g) What does the word 'isolation' in the passage refer to?i. Connection ii. Confinement iii. Separation iv. Bond (h) The wild animals also need:i. food ii. house iii. company iv. occupation (i) The word 'misery' mentioned in the passage means:i. pleasure ii. impulse iii. suffering iv. turbulence (j) Which one is an effect of social segregation?i. Mental comfort ii. Marital gains iii. Physical pleasure iv. Emotional estrangement B. Answer the following questions: 3 x 5 = 15 (a) Why is relationship so significant?(b) What different types of relationships are there?(c) What happens to a person who has no family?(d) What are some of the preconditions of a good relationship?(e) How is man's relationship different from those of other animals? 2.      Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the importance of education (one is done for you): 1 x 5 = 5 Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates; we use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills, and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works. Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values, and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and well-being of the people. Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination, and other forms of social ills.   3.      Write a summary of the following text.                                                  10 Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunall Sharma, a Dietician & Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum. candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered Junk foods. Though not all fast foods are Junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food but Is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas, and tacos may alternate between Junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing." Frequent consumption of junk food Increases the intake of excess fat. simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to Junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads etc. leading to further lack of nourishment. 4.      Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.            0.5 x 10 = 5 device trained about perform essential great abacus large special recent refer call The computer is a fairly (a)---- invention. It has now become an (b)----- part of modem life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c)----- revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) ---- that helps people perform mathematical calculation may be (e) --- a computer. In this sense the (I)------ is a simple computer. Today, however, the term computer (g)-- to a special kind of electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and process (h)----- masses of information at a (i)----- speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)--- mathematicians would need years to complete. 3.      Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                                            1x10=10 Student life is a life of (a)---- for future struggle. To make him (b)---- for the struggle, education is necessary. So the first and foremost duty of a student (c)------ to prosecute his studies well. He who (d)-- his lessons regularly (e)------- well in the examination. On the (f)---- , the student who wastes his time cuts a (g)---- figure. It should be (h)----- in mind that none can get back the (j)----- time. If students neglect their studies they will suffer in the (j)---- run. 4.      Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                   10 (a)     As a result, he studied under a great thinker Plato. (b)     He also wrote books on Biology, Literature, Economics and Comparative Politics. (c)     Plato taught Aristotle according to his own way. (d)     Aristotle was bom in Greece. (e)     His father wanted him to be a Physician but he never cherished to do so. (f) Later on, Aristotle took the pen to write on topics suitable for human civilization. (g)     He is called the father of Biology because of his creativity. (h)     'Polities' is one of his famous books which exposes fullest development of his wisdom. (i)       He wanted to be a free thinker. (j)       He was the son of a royal physician. PART-II [40 Marks] 5.      The following pic chart shows the export sectors in Bangladesh that earn foreign currency. Write an interpretation of the chart. (At least in 80 words)                                                    15   6.      The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words. Give a title to it: 15 Fardin was an educated young man. After completing his MA. he went to Dhaka in search of a Job. He applied for various posts but he did not get any. Being frustrated, he returned................................................ 7.      Suppose you are Arif/Ari fa. You have a younger brother who is a student of class eight. Now, write a letter to your brother advising him to study regularly and not to adopt unfair means in the examination.       10 Key To Barishal Board-2023 BARISHAL BOARD-2023 English (Compulsory)- First Paper PART-1 : READING TEST 1. A. (a) iv. Relationship (b) i. nuptial arrangements (c] iii. nourish (d) iv. educational (e) ill. impulse (fl ill. Relationship (g) iii. Separation (h) iii. company (1) iii. sulTering (j) Iv. Emotional estrangement B. (a) Relationship is significant because it inspires us to do well in our workplace or In a profession and to maintain our emotional health. (b)     Different types of relationships are there. They are- familial, social, educational, professional etc. (c)     A person who has no family suffers from the pain of loneliness and isolation. (d)     For good relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where needed. We need to be selfless too. (e)     Man's relationship is different from other animals because it gives meaning to our existence and inspire us to do well in various sectors. Whereas animals only need physical and emotional support. 2. 1. Brings about positive changes in behaviour —> 2. Helps us to change our lives —> 3. Illuminates our minds -> 4. Inspires us to work for the community -> 5. Makes our life better —> 6. Helps us to change the society 3.      The passage describes the harmful effects of taking Junk foods and it also talks about the differences between Junk foods and fast foods. Junk foods contain high calories, salt, added sugar, and fats, with little or no nutritional value. Yet. we usually eat these foods for their pungent, appealing look and delicious taste. Junk food and fast food are different. Some fast foods may become Junk or healthy depending on Ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing. Eating junk food means taking extra fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar which cause obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc. 4.      (a) recent (b) essentia) (c) about (d) device (e) called (f) abacus (g) refers (h) large (1) great (j) trained 5.      (a) preparation/training (b) ready/prepared/capable (c) is (d) learns (e) does/performs (fl contrary (g) sorry (h) kept (1) lost (j) long 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d J e 1 a c f b g h

Dinajpur Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST (60 Marks) 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. "I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994. "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come. We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation." In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white South African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: "Don't call me. I'll call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect, and human rights. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) What does the word 'emancipation' in the passage refer to?(i) Jubilation (ii) Ovation (iii) Liberation (iv) Reception (b) What does the word 'apartheid' mean in the passage?(i) Stratification (ii) Socialization (iii) Dissatisfaction (iv) Discrimination (c) What does the word 'democracy' mean?(i) Republic (ii) Imprisonment (iii) Autocracy (iv) Anarchy (d) What does the word 'reconciliation' in the passage refer to?(i) Reproduction (ii) Reunion (iii) Reconstruction (iv) Repair (e) What does the word 'celebrity' in the passage refer to?(i) Conservative (ii) Star (iii) Simple (iv) Liberal (f) F.W. de Klerk freed Mandela from prison in —(i) 1993 (ii) 1994 (iii) 1990 (iv) 1963 (g) Mandela was the first to advocate —(i) gathering people from all countries around the world(ii) unarmed resistance to apartheid(iii) fighting for independence(iv) bringing about unity among all (h) What does the word 'decade' stand for?(i) A period of ten years (ii) A period of hundred years(iii) A period of fifty years (iv) A period of ten months (i) "The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come." What is meant by 'to bridge the chasms'?(i) To save people (ii) To mitigate sufferings(iii) To reduce the difference between black and white people (iv) To remove pauperism (j) The range of actions of Mandela encompasses —(i) from national to international problems(ii) from social repression to cultural repression(iii) from cultural aggression to AIDS(iv) from political suppression to AIDS B.      Answer the following questions                                         3 x 5 = 15 (a)     What was Nelson Mandela determined to do? (b)     How did Mandela win the support of the world? (c)     Who is described "as an icon of peace and reconciliation"? Explain the reasons. (d)     “Don't call me. I'll call you."—Who was the speaker of these words? What did he mean? (e)     When was Mandela awarded the 'Nobel Peace Prize'? Why did he achieve the prize? 2.      Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the functions of education, (one is done for you) 1x5 = 5 The first thing education does Is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads us to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to Include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare. Education it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life, we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.    3.      Write a summary of the following text.                                                                                  10 Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunall Sharma, a Dietician & Nutritionist. "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered Junk foods. Though not all fast foods are Junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food but is definitely not Junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas, and tacos may alternate between Junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing." Frequent consumption of Junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating Junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to Junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads etc. leading to further lack of nourishment.                                                                         4. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.                            0.5 x 10 = 5 without recent river face last native clothes farther by take across cause An old man sat (a)---- the side of the road beside a pontoon bridge (b)----- the river. The man had steel rimmed spectacles and very dusty (c)---- , Carts, trucks, and men. women and children were crossing the (d)---- . The old man sat there (e)----- moving because he was too tired to go any (f)---- . The man came from San Carlos, his (g)---- town. The name brought smile to his (h)----- . He was the (i)      man to leave the town because he (j)------------------- care of the animals. 5.      Fill in the gaps using suitable words.      1 x 10 = 10 The environment (a] ---- various things. All the things of the environment are related to (b) ---------- another. Any change in the ecosystem can (c)----- all the other parts. To prevent the environment from destruction is the (d)----- of human beings. The environment should be (e)------ neat and clean to enjoy a healthy and comfortable (f)---- . But people are not (g)----- of the dangerous effect of the ecological change. They do unwise things and bring about dangers for their own (h)------ . Imbalance in the ecology brings about climatic (i)--- and the result of the change is various natural (j)------- . 6.      Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                                                  10 (a)     They dug the hole, killed the snake and took the necklace. (b)     The crow at last thought of a plan to get rid of its enemy. (c)     It stole an expensive necklace of the princess from the royal palace and dropped it into the snake s hole after scattering a few rubies here and there. (d)     A snake lived in a hole at the foot of a tree. (e)     The king became very angry at the loss and sent out men to look for the necklace. (f) High up on its branches was the nest of a crow. (g)     In this way, the snake ate up three of the chicks. (h)     In course of time, they noticed the scattered rubies near the hole. (i)      The crow had four young chicks in its nest. (j)      Whenever the crow would leave the nest to bring food for its chicks, the snake would climb up and eat one. PART-11 [40 Marks] 7.      The pie chart below shows the time allocation of students' daily activities. Analyze the chart focusing the main preoccupations of the students.                                                                                      15 School & House 25%   8.      The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it is your own words :                              15 Once there was a famer in a village. He was very idle. He had a few plots of land. But he did not plough them well. He did not sow seeds in time................................ Write a letter to your younger brother advising him to read English newspapers.  10 Key To Dinajpur Board-2023 D1NAJPUR BOARD-2023 08                                         English (Compulsory)- First Paper PART-1: READING TEST 1. A. (a) ill. liberation (b) iv. discrimination (c) i. republic (d) 11. reunion (e) ii. star (I) ill. 1990 (g) il. unarmed resistance to apartheid (h) I. a period of ten years (1) iii. to reduce difference between black and white people (]) iv. from political suppression to AIDS B. (a) Nelson Mandela was determined to end apartheid, a system of racial segregation and discrimination In South Africa, avoiding a civil war. He dedicated his life to achieving equality. Justice, and freedom for all South Africans, regardless of their race or ethnicity. (b)     Mandela won the support of the world through his unwavering commitment to non-violent resistance, and his ability to Inspire global solidarity against the injustice of apartheid. (c)     Nelson Mandela is described as an icon of peace and reconciliation due to his crucial role in ending apartheid, his promotion of forgiveness and unity, and his efforts to bring about a peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa. (d)     The speaker of the words "Don't call me. I'll call you." was Nelson Mandela. He used these phrase when he left public life in June 2004, indicating that he was stepping back from active political involvement and official engagements. But he would still be available if his counsel was needed In critical matters. (e)     Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize In 1993 for hfs efforts to peacefully dismantle apartheid and establish a multiracial democracy In South Africa. 2. 3. The passage describes the harmful effects of taking Junk foods and it also talks about the differences between Junk foods and fast foods. Junk foods contain high calories, salt, added sugar, and fats, with little or no nutritional value. Yet. we usually eat these foods for their pungent, appealing look and delicious taste. Junk food and fast food are different. Some fast foods may become Junk or healthy depending on ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing. Eating junk food means taking extra fat, simple carbohydrates and processed sugar which cause obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc. 4.(a) includes/comprises/consists of (b) one (c) affect (d) responsibility (e) kept (fl life (g) aware/conscious (h) Ilves (i) change (j) disasters/calamities 5.  (a) by (b) across (c) clothes (d) river (e) without (fl farther (g) native [h] face (f) last (j) took 6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d f 1 J e b c e h a

Mymensingh Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks] 1.      Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream that one day in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of "interposition" and "nullification," that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. So, let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: 0.5 x 10 = 5 (a) What does the phrase 'all of God's children' mean?    i. All the Christians    ii. All the Americans    iii. All human beings    iv. All the black people (b) What is the synonym of 'sweltering'?    i. Soothing    ii. Tranquil    iii. Scorching    iv. Pleasing (c) What does the phrase 'All flesh' mean in the passage?    i. White people    ii. Americans    iii. Black people    iv. Protestants (d) The word 'despair' refers to:    i. rejection    ii. attraction    iii. frustration    iv. inspiration (e) What does the word 'Oasis' mean?    i. A hottest place in desert    ii. A watering place in desert    iii. A cool place on the hilltop    iv. A hot place in the polar region (f) The word 'vicious' mentioned in the passage means:    i. hateful    ii. generous    iii. ruthless    iv. auspicious (g) "And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." What does it imply?    i. equality of human beings    ii. glory of nature    iii. difference between the black and the white    iv. all the above (h) The word 'prodigious' in the passage implies:    i. talented    ii. gigantic    iii. impotent    iv. unproductive (i) What does the phrase 'Let freedom ring' mean?    i. freedom should make sounds    ii. freedom should make people alert    iii. freedom should appear    iv. people may achieve freedom (j) 'Jangling discords of our nation will turn into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.' What does it imply?    i. the existing harmony will turn into jangling    ii. the existing discord will turn into concord    iii. the existing agreement will turn into disagreement    iv. the existing concord will turn into discord B. Answer the following questions :         3x5=15 (a)     Why did the speaker have these dreams? (b)     How were the Black treated before achieving their freedom? (c)     What does the speaker dream for his four children? (d)     What transformation will happen in the state of Mississippi? (e)     When will all of God's children sing in the words of the old Negro Spiritual? 2.      Read the following text and make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow chart showing Sheikh Kamal's cultural activities and his foundations . (one is done for you]   1x5 = 5 Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujlb, was bom at Tungipara in GopalganJ district. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Plano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi. Road no. 32. Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi - a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modem football in our country? 1.    Becoming a student of Chhayanaut. 3.      Write a summary of the following text.                                                      10 The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full­time work in her in-laws' household. In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are greater health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.     4.      Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.                                              0.5 x 10 = 5 changes living mighty huge ambitious great economic connects reality owing dream developed The Padma Bridge is no longer a dream now: it is now a (a)-- . This multipurpose bridge is going to be a (b)----- boon for the south-western part of Bangladesh. But decades ago. it was rather an (c) ---- dream, a daunting challenge to tame the (d) ------- Padma. Crossing the river has always been strenuous and sometimes dangerous (e)---------------------------------- to unreliable and limited ferry connections and long waits for crowded boats and launches. The Padma Bridge that (fl --------  Dhaka with 21 southern districts is a potential catalyst for major economic (g) ----- in the lives of over 30 million people (h)----- in the region and will give a (i) -- boost to trade and (j)---- activities. 5.      Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                                                    1x10=10 The food (a) --- of the young people of our country has changed greatly. Our young people are getting (b)------ to fast foods and western foods day by day. Today they go to fast food shops and enjoy much taking (c)--- such as; pizza, burger, soft drinks etc. When fast foods (d)----- high level of salt, sugar and fats, then It is called (e)---- food. It lacks fibre, (f)---- . and minerals. The world is currently facing an obesity epidemic which puts people at the (g)----- of chronic (h)----- like heart disease and diabetes. Junk foods (i)---- to obesity. So. we should be (j)----- about having fast foods now and then. Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                                                10 (a)     He used to tell interesting stories to the people of the village. (b)     He never spoke the rest of his life. (c)     His name was Nambi. (d)    He lived in a temple at the edge of the village and passed his time under the banyan tree in front of the temple. (e)     Before telling a story, he used to light a lamp in front of the tree. (f)      There was a remote village named Somal. (g)     One day, he could not continue his story. (h)     After a few days, he called the villagers and told them something. (1)     He was so ignorant that he could not tell his age. but he could make up stories. (j) The villagers were enchanted by a man. PART-11 [40 Marks] 7.The graph shows the engagement of child labour in different sectors of ‘X' country from 2005 to 2016. Describe the graph in 150 words. You should highlight the main features and 8.Once on a summer day. the scorching heat of the sun induced a Lion and a Boar to come at the same moment to a small well to drink. They fiercely disputed which of them should drink first and were soon engaged in         9.      Suppose, you are Radeeb/Raisa. Your younger brother Rohan is fond of computer games and takes little interest in outdoor games. Now write a letter to him telling him about the importance of outdoor games and sports.                                                                                                                                    10                       Key To Mymensingh Board-2023 MYMENSINGH BOARD-2023 English (Compulsory) First Paper PART-1: READING TEST 1. A. (a) ii. All the Americans (b) ill. Scorching (c) il. Americans (d) Hi. frustration (e) li. A watering place in desert (fl 1U. ruthless (g) l. equality of human being (h) U. gigantic (fl iv. people may achieve freedom (j) ll. the existing discord will turn Into concord B. (a) The speaker had these dreams because he hated injustice, oppression, racism and loved freedom. He had the dreams of freedom for all-both black and white. (b)        The blacks were treated with Injustice and oppression. They were crippled by the chains of discrimination. (c)         Martin Luther King dreamt that his four little children will one day live In a nation where they will not be Judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. (d)        The state of Mississippi will be transformed from a desert of injustice and oppression into an oasis of freedom and Justice. (e)         All of God's children will sing In the words of the old Negro spiritual when freedom will be allowed to ring from every village and hamlet of America. 3.           Adolescent girls in Bangladesh face severe discrimination within the family and society. They are married at a very tender age. Then they usually drop out of school and begin full-time work in her In-laws' house. They also fall victim to domestic violence and sexual abuse. They face health risks for pregnancy and child birth due to lack of information. In short, they get deprived of their rights and privileges like education, health, etc. 4.           (a) reality (b) great (c) ambitious (d) mighty (e) owing (0 connects (g) changes (h) living (1) huge (j) economic 5.      (a) habit (b) used/accustomed/habituated (c) foods (d) contaln/have (el Junk (fl vitamins (g) risk (h) diseases (1) lead (J) careful/cautious                                                                                                                                                       6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   f J C 1 a d e g h b

Mymensingh Board-2023 Sub Code 107 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] PART-1: READING TEST [60 Marks]   1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream?  A dream can include any of the images, thoughts, and emotions experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories. Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams , Freud wrote that dreams are "disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes." A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives: (a) The word 'fascinated' mentioned in the passage means    i. unattractive    ii. ugly    iii. repulsive    iv. captivated (b) The word 'puzzling' mentioned in the passage means    i. witty    ii. genuine    iii. confusing    iv. enlightening (c) The word 'vivid' means    i. dull    ii. weak    iii. vague    iv. clear (d) The word 'unravel' mentioned in the passage means    i. knot    ii. disclose    iii. hide    iv. challenge (e) The word 'repressed' mentioned in the passage means    i. suppressed    ii. inspired    iii. encouraged    iv. assist B. Answer the following questions:   10 (a) What purpose do dreams serve according to the researchers? Explain. (b) Define dream in your own words. (c) What is the difference between a dream and a nightmare? (d) What are the characteristics of dreams according to the passage? (e) What is Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams consistent with? What does it suggest?                                                                                                                                Read the following text and make a flow chart showing the situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh, (one is done for you)            1x5 = 5 In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage for girls is 18. However, 33 percent of our girls get married before they are 15 and 60 percent of them become mothers by the time they reach 19. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and thus loses her mobility. She gets confined to full time work in her in-laws' household. She loses social status and all the opportunitites of economic independence. In her in-law's house, she gets marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all sorts of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still a common practice for the bride's family to pay dowry. Dowry demands can also continue even after marriage. An adolescent bride, even if her in laws, are supportive, faces enormous health risk during pregnancy and childbirth. Majority of our people are uninformed or insufficiently informed about contraception and reproductive health. This 1. Getting married early → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 → 6 3.   Write a summary of the following passage.     10 Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behavior. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates. We use education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works. Learners' civic engagement  is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and wellbeing of the people.     4.   Read the following text and fill in the blanks with suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammatical change if necessary.    0.5 x 10 = 5 different suffer fertilizers appear environment cause diseases afflicted rural severely substances alarm Many diseases are rising at an (a)--------- rate which experts believe is due to increased pollution of the environment. Some specialists beliveve that pollution (b)-------- to be greater in urban areas. Though (c)--- societies too are (d)---------- by increased use of chemical (e)-------- and insecticides, neverthless, today city people appear to suffer from many more diseases and (fl---------- more (g)--------- than country people. Now let us see how life in cities (h)-------- from that in the country. Harmful (i)------------ in water and air are (j)------- environment pollution. 5.         Fill in the gaps using suitable words.                          1x10=10 Education is one of the basic needs of a human being. It is (a)------------ for the (b)------- of mind. Many illiterate people do not have any (c)------ of health. If they (d)--------- educated, they could live a (e)----- and planned life. Education teaches us how to live well. It (fl-------- us to make the right (g)------ in life. In enhances our (h)------- to perform our duties properly and (i)------- our everyday problems. In fact, it is education (j)----- brings positive change in our life. 6.         Rearrange the following sentences to make a coherent order.                                 10 (a)       He asked him where God is. (b)      He praised him highly. (c)       Once a lad went to a famous teacher. (d)      The teacher thought highly of the boy's understanding. (e)       The lad replied that he would answer if he would tell where He is not. (f) The boy devoted himself to learning knowledge. (g)      He begged to instruct him in the arts and science. (h)      He agreed to teach the lad. (i)        He expressed his desire to acquire knowledge. (j)        The teacher wished to find out the ability of the boy.      PART-II [40 Marks] 7.         The pie-chart below shows the percentage of travellers in Bangladesh travelling in different transportation ways per day. Describe the pie-chart in at least 150 words :                                                                                                                              15 8. The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own word.                                                          15 There was a boy hailed from an obscure background. But he was brilliant, diligent and innovative. He --------- 9. Suppose, you are Mushfiq/Musfiqa and your friend is Sharif/Sharifa. Now, write a letter to your friend telling him/her what she/he intends to do after the HSC examination and why. 10                 Key To Chattogram Board-2023 CHATTOGRAM BOARD-2023                                             English (Compulsory)- First Paper PART-1: READING TEST 1. A. (a) iv. captivated (b) iii. confusing (c) iv. clear (d) ii. disclose (e) i. suppressed B. (a) According to some researchers, dreams serve no real purpose, on the other hand, some researchers suggest that dreams help develop physically, mentally and emotionally. (bl A dream is a series of images, emotions, and thoughts that occur during sleep, often creating vivid and sometimes surreal experiences. (c)    Dreams are the Images, emotions, and thoughts that are experienced during sleep, on the contrary, dreams that are very frightening or unpleasant are called nightmare. (d)    According to the passage, dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or vague. It is filled with joyful emotions or frightening images. Dreams can also be understandable or unclear and confusing. (e)    Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams is consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective. It suggests that dreams are a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. 3. The passage highlights the significance of education and the civic engagement in shaping our life. Education in true sense does not only mean having some degrees and certificates rather it enlightens and shapes us with knowledge, skills, and values. On the contrary, civically engaged people are the valuable assets of the country because they actively contribute for the safety, health, and well-being of the community. Moreover, they take actions against any ongoing Injustice, discriminatory attitude, and many other malpractices of the society. That is to say. both education and civic engagement improve the quality of the lifestyle and bring about positive changes in life and society. 4.(a)     alarming (b) appears (c) rural (d) afflicted (e) fertilizers (fi suffer (g) severely (h) differs (i) substances (j) causing (a) alarming (b) appears (c) rural (d) afflicted (e) fertilizers (f) suffer (g) severely (h) differs (i) substances (j) causing 6.

Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test- 2 PART 1: Speaking Questions 1.       Did you like studying science when you were at school? [Why/Why not?] 2.       What do you remember about your science teachers at school? 3.       How interested are you in science now? [Why/Why not?] 4.       What do you think has been an important recent scientific development? [Why?] PART 2: Describe a Tourist Attraction You Would Recommend You should say: ·         What the tourist attraction is ·         Where in your country this tourist attraction is ·         What visitors can see and do at this tourist attraction ·         And explain why you would recommend this tourist attraction. PART 3: Discussion Topics Museums and Art Galleries 1.       What are the most popular museums and art galleries in your country/where you live? 2.       Do you believe that all museums and art galleries should be free? 3.       What kinds of things make a museum or art gallery an interesting place to visit? The Holiday Industry 1.       Why do you think some people book package holidays rather than traveling independently? 2.       Would you say that large numbers of tourists cause problems for local people? 3.       What sort of impact can large holiday resorts have on the environment? Questions and Answers PART 1: Speaking Questions 1.       Did you like studying science when you were at school? I actually did enjoy studying science! I found it fascinating how it explains the world around us. Biology, in particular, captivated me with its focus on living organisms and ecosystems. I loved doing experiments in the lab; it made the concepts come to life. 2.       What do you remember about your science teachers at school? I remember my science teachers being very passionate and enthusiastic. They had a knack for making even the most complex topics engaging. One teacher, in particular, would always bring in fun experiments that really helped us understand the principles better. Their enthusiasm made a big difference in how I viewed science. 3.       How interested are you in science now? I’m still quite interested in science! I love reading about new discoveries and developments in various fields. Nowadays, I find myself particularly drawn to environmental science and technology, especially concerning sustainable practices. It’s intriguing to see how science can address current global challenges. 4.       What do you think has been an important recent scientific development? I think the advancements in renewable energy technologies have been incredibly important. The development of more efficient solar panels and wind turbines is crucial for combating climate change. It’s exciting to see how these innovations can help reduce our carbon footprint and promote a more sustainable future. PART 2: Describe a Tourist Attraction You Would Recommend One tourist attraction I would highly recommend is the stunning historical site of the ancient city of Petra, located in southern Jordan. It’s famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. Visitors to Petra can explore its breathtaking landscapes, including the iconic Treasury, which is carved into a sandstone cliff and is truly a sight to behold. There are also numerous tombs, temples, and a Roman-style theatre to explore. Hiking through the narrow gorge called the Siq to reach the Treasury adds to the overall adventure, as the towering cliffs on either side create a magical atmosphere. I would recommend Petra because it’s not just a visual feast; it’s also steeped in history. Learning about the Nabataean civilization and their incredible engineering skills is genuinely fascinating. Plus, the experience of walking through such an ancient site connects you to history in a profound way. It’s definitely a must-see for anyone visiting Jordan! PART 3: Discussion Topics Museums and Art Galleries 1.       What are the most popular museums and art galleries in your country/where you live? In my country, one of the most popular museums is the National Museum of Fine Arts, which showcases a fantastic collection of local and international art. There’s also the Science Museum, which is a hit with families for its interactive exhibits. These places really highlight our cultural heritage and scientific achievements. 2.       Do you believe that all museums and art galleries should be free? I think having free access to museums and galleries is essential for promoting culture and education. While they do need funding, maybe a balance can be struck, like having free entry on certain days or discounted rates for students and seniors. It’s important to make art and history accessible to everyone. 3.       What kinds of things make a museum or art gallery an interesting place to visit? An interesting museum or gallery typically has engaging exhibits and interactive displays. Good curation is key; the way artifacts or artworks are presented can draw visitors in. Also, hosting workshops, lectures, or special events can make visits more dynamic and appealing. The Holiday Industry 1.       Why do you think some people book package holidays rather than traveling independently? Many people prefer package holidays because they offer convenience and peace of mind. Everything is arranged for them, from accommodation to activities, which takes the stress out of planning. Plus, it can often be more cost-effective when you factor in all the details. 2.       Would you say that large numbers of tourists cause problems for local people? Yes, large numbers of tourists can create several challenges for local communities. Overcrowding can lead to strain on local resources and infrastructure. Additionally, it can push up prices for housing and food, making it difficult for residents to afford their own city. It’s a complex issue that requires careful management. 3.       What sort of impact can large holiday resorts have on the environment? Large holiday resorts can have a significant environmental impact. They often lead to habitat destruction as natural landscapes are cleared for construction. Additionally, they can contribute to pollution and waste issues, especially if they don’t implement sustainable practices. It's crucial for the industry to focus on eco-friendly alternatives to minimize these effects. Vocabulary words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Fascinating Extremely interesting or captivating মুগ্ধকর "I found it fascinating how science explains the world around us." Ecosystems Communities of living organisms and their environment বাস্তুতন্ত্র "Biology captivated me with its focus on living organisms and ecosystems." Experiments Controlled tests to investigate scientific hypotheses পরীক্ষামূলক কাজ "I loved doing experiments in the lab; they made the concepts come to life." Passionate Having strong feelings or beliefs উত্সাহী "My science teachers were very passionate about their subjects." Engaging Attracting interest or attention আকর্ষণীয় "They had a knack for making even the most complex topics engaging." Principles Fundamental truths or propositions that serve as the foundation মৌলিক নীতি "Fun experiments helped us understand the principles of science better." Environmental science The study of how natural and human-made environments interact পরিবেশ বিজ্ঞান "I'm particularly drawn to environmental science and technology." Renewable energy Energy from sources that are naturally replenished নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি "Advancements in renewable energy technologies are crucial for combating climate change." Carbon footprint The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activities কার্বন ফুটপ্রিন্ট "These innovations can help reduce our carbon footprint." Rock-cut architecture Structures carved directly into rock পাথরে খোদিত স্থাপত্য "The ancient city of Petra is famous for its rock-cut architecture." Tombs Burial places for the deceased সমাধি "There are numerous tombs and temples to explore in Petra." Nabataean civilization An ancient Arab civilization known for its trade and architectural skills নাবাতিয়ান সভ্যতা "Learning about the Nabataean civilization is genuinely fascinating." Cultural heritage The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes inherited from past generations সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্য "Museums highlight our cultural heritage and scientific achievements." Interactive exhibits Displays that encourage visitor participation and engagement ইন্টারঅ্যাকটিভ প্রদর্শনী "The Science Museum is a hit with families for its interactive exhibits." Curation The organization and selection of exhibits in a museum or gallery কিউরেশন "Good curation is key to making a museum interesting." Overcrowding Excessive population density in a specific area জনবহুলতা "Large numbers of tourists can create overcrowding in local communities." Habitat destruction The loss of natural environments where wildlife live বাসস্থান ধ্বংস "Large holiday resorts often lead to habitat destruction." Eco-friendly alternatives Sustainable options that are less harmful to the environment পরিবেশ বান্ধব বিকল্প "It's crucial for the industry to focus on eco-friendly alternatives." Sustainable practices Methods that meet current needs without compromising future generations টেকসই অনুশীলন "They can contribute to pollution and waste issues if they don't implement sustainable practices."

Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test- 3 PART 1: Speaking Questions 1.       How often do you buy things online? [Why?] 2.       What was the last thing you bought online? 3.       Do you ever see things in shops and then buy them online? [Why/Why not?] 4.       Do you think the popularity of online shopping is changing your town or city centre? [Why/Why not?] PART 2: Describe a Time You Enjoyed Visiting a Family Member You should say: ·         Who you visited and where they lived ·         Why you made this visit ·         What happened during this visit ·         And explain what you enjoyed about this visit. PART 3: Discussion Topics Family Occasions 1.       When do families celebrate together in your country? 2.       How often do all the generations in a family come together in your country? 3.       Why is it that some people might not enjoy attending family occasions? Everyday Life in Families 1.       Do you think it is a good thing for parents to help their children with schoolwork? 2.       How important do you think it is for families to eat together at least once a day? 3.       Do you believe that everyone in a family should share household tasks? Questions and Answers PART 1: Speaking Questions 1.       How often do you buy things online? I buy things online quite frequently, probably a few times a month. It’s incredibly convenient to shop from the comfort of my home, especially for items that aren’t readily available in local stores. Plus, I can easily compare prices and read reviews before making a purchase. 2.       What was the last thing you bought online? The last thing I bought online was a set of books. I was looking for some new reads and found a great deal on a website that offered discounts on multiple purchases. It was nice to have them delivered right to my doorstep without having to scour different bookstores. 3.       Do you ever see things in shops and then buy them online? [Why/Why not?] Yes, I often do that! I sometimes see items in stores but prefer to check online for better deals or additional colors and sizes. It's just more efficient, and I appreciate the ability to read customer reviews before making my final decision. 4.       Do you think the popularity of online shopping is changing your town or city centre? [Why/Why not?] Absolutely, I think the rise of online shopping is changing city centres significantly. Many traditional retail stores are struggling to compete, leading to more closures. This shift could transform shopping districts into spaces for entertainment and dining, rather than shopping. However, it also means less foot traffic, which can impact local economies. PART 2: Describe a Time You Enjoyed Visiting a Family Member I would like to talk about a visit I made to my aunt’s house, which is located in a quaint little town about an hour from where I live. I went to visit her during the summer holidays when I had some time off work. I made this visit to catch up with her, as we hadn’t seen each other in quite a while. My aunt is like a second mother to me, and I always enjoy spending time with her. During my visit, we cooked together, which is something I love to do. We prepared a delicious traditional meal that included her famous biryani and a variety of side dishes. What I enjoyed most about this visit was not just the food but the quality time we spent together. We reminisced about old family stories and laughed over silly memories. It was heartwarming to reconnect and share a meal. This visit reminded me of the importance of family bonds and how special it is to create new memories together. PART 3: Discussion Topics Family Occasions 1.       When do families celebrate together in your country? Families in my country often celebrate together during festivals like Eid and Diwali, as well as on occasions such as weddings and birthdays. These celebrations are significant as they bring everyone together to share joy, food, and traditions. 2.       How often do all the generations in a family come together in your country? It's quite common for all generations to gather during major holidays or family events. These gatherings help strengthen family ties and allow younger members to learn from the older generations, creating a sense of unity and shared history. 3.       Why is it that some people might not enjoy attending family occasions? Some people might not enjoy family occasions due to past conflicts or differences in values. Additionally, large gatherings can feel overwhelming or stressful, especially if there are unresolved issues within the family. Everyday Life in Families 1.       Do you think it is a good thing for parents to help their children with schoolwork? Yes, I believe it’s beneficial for parents to assist their children with schoolwork. It helps children grasp complex concepts and demonstrates that their parents value education. However, it’s essential for parents to encourage independence and problem-solving skills as well. 2.       How important do you think it is for families to eat together at least once a day? I think it’s incredibly important for families to share at least one meal together each day. It fosters communication and bonding, allowing family members to catch up on each other’s lives. It also creates a sense of belonging and security, especially for children. 3.       Do you believe that everyone in a family should share household tasks? Absolutely! Sharing household tasks is essential for maintaining a harmonious home. It teaches responsibility and teamwork, and it helps to lighten the load for everyone. When everyone contributes, it creates a more balanced environment and can even lead to a greater appreciation for each other’s efforts. Vocabulary words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. sentences: Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Convenient Making things easy or accessible সুবিধাজনক "It’s incredibly convenient to shop from the comfort of my home." Scour To search thoroughly and energetically গভীরভাবে খোঁজ করা "It was nice to have them delivered right to my doorstep without having to scour different bookstores." Preferences A greater liking for one alternative over another পছন্দগুলি "I prefer to check online for better deals or additional colors and sizes." Traditional retail stores Shops that sell products in a conventional manner ঐতিহ্যগত খুচরা দোকান "Many traditional retail stores are struggling to compete." Transform To change in form, appearance, or structure রূপান্তরিত করা "This shift could transform shopping districts into spaces for entertainment and dining." Quaint Attractively unusual or old-fashioned চমত্কার বা পুরানো-ফ্যাশনের "I visited my aunt's house, which is located in a quaint little town." Biryani A flavorful rice dish typically made with meat and spices বিরিয়ানি "We prepared a delicious traditional meal that included her famous biryani." Reminisced To recall past experiences or memories অতীত স্মরণ করা "We reminisced about old family stories and laughed over silly memories." Heartwarming Causing feelings of happiness and affection হৃদয় উষ্ণকর "It was heartwarming to reconnect and share a meal." Celebrations Events or activities marking a special occasion উদযাপন "Families celebrate together during festivals like Eid and Diwali." Strengthen To make stronger or more powerful শক্তিশালী করা "These gatherings help strengthen family ties." Overwhelming Feeling too much to handle; emotionally stressful অত্যধিক "Large gatherings can feel overwhelming or stressful." Beneficial Producing good results; helpful উপকারে আসে "I believe it’s beneficial for parents to assist their children with schoolwork." Grasp To understand something fully বুঝতে পারা "It helps children grasp complex concepts." Fosters To encourage the development of something উৎসাহিত করা "It fosters communication and bonding." Sense of belonging A feeling of being accepted and valued within a group belonging এর অনুভূতি "It creates a sense of belonging and security, especially for children." Harmony A state of agreement or concord সাদৃশ্য "Sharing household tasks is essential for maintaining a harmonious home." Responsibility The state of having a duty to deal with something দায়িত্ব "It teaches responsibility and teamwork."

Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test- 4 PART 1: Speaking Questions 1. How many hours do you usually sleep at night? 2. Do you sometimes sleep during the day? [Why/Why not?] 3. What do you do if you can’t get to sleep at night? [Why?] 4. Do you ever remember the dreams you’ve had while you were asleep? _______________________________________ PART 2: Describe a Time You Met Someone Who Became a Good Friend You should say: • Who you met • When and where you met this person • What you thought about this person when you first met • And explain why you think you became good friends with this person. ________________________________________ PART 3: Discussion Topics Friends at School 1. How important is it for children to have lots of friends at school? 2. Do you think it is wrong for parents to influence which friends their children have? 3. Why do you think children often choose different friends as they get older? Making New Friends 1. If a person is moving to a new town, what is a good way for them to make friends? 2. Can you think of any disadvantages of making new friends online? 3. Would you say it is harder for people to make new friends as they get older? ________________________________________ Questions and Answers PART 1: Speaking Questions 1. How many hours do you usually sleep at night? I usually sleep around seven to eight hours a night. This amount of sleep helps me feel refreshed and energized for the day ahead. I try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule to ensure that I get enough rest. 2. Do you sometimes sleep during the day? [Why/Why not?] Occasionally, I take a short nap during the day, especially if I’m feeling particularly tired or if I didn’t sleep well the night before. A quick 20-minute nap can really help boost my mood and productivity without interfering with my nighttime sleep. 3. What do you do if you can’t get to sleep at night? [Why?] If I can’t get to sleep, I usually try to read a book or listen to some calming music. This helps to relax my mind and distract me from any worries that might be keeping me awake. I find that staying away from screens is also beneficial, as the blue light can make it harder to fall asleep. 4. Do you ever remember the dreams you’ve had while you were asleep? Yes, sometimes I do remember my dreams, especially if they are vivid or particularly interesting. I find it fascinating how dreams can reflect our thoughts and feelings. Occasionally, I even keep a dream journal to jot down memorable dreams and explore their meanings. ________________________________________ PART 2: Describe a Time You Met Someone Who Became a Good Friend I’d like to talk about my friendship with a person named Sam. I met Sam during my first year at university, in a group project for one of my classes. We were paired together to work on a presentation, which was held in the university's study lounge. When I first met Sam, I thought he was very friendly and approachable. He had a warm smile and seemed genuinely interested in getting to know everyone. As we started working on the project, I realized he was also quite intelligent and creative, which made collaborating enjoyable. I think we became good friends because we shared similar interests, especially in music and outdoor activities. We quickly bonded over our love for hiking and often planned weekend trips together. Our friendship grew stronger as we supported each other through various challenges at university. Sam’s positive attitude and sense of humor made our time together not only productive but also really fun. ________________________________________ PART 3: Discussion Topics Friends at School 1. How important is it for children to have lots of friends at school? Having friends at school is crucial for children. It not only helps them develop social skills but also provides emotional support. Friends can make the school environment more enjoyable and can positively influence a child’s confidence and overall well-being. 2. Do you think it is wrong for parents to influence which friends their children have? While parents naturally want the best for their children, I believe it's essential for kids to choose their own friends. Over-influencing their choices can hinder their social development and limit their ability to make independent decisions. A balance should be struck where parents guide but do not control friendships. 3. Why do you think children often choose different friends as they get older? As children grow, their interests, values, and social circles evolve. They begin to seek out friends who share their hobbies or aspirations, leading to new friendships. This change is a normal part of development, as kids learn more about themselves and what they value in relationships. Making New Friends 1. If a person is moving to a new town, what is a good way for them to make friends? A great way to make friends in a new town is to engage in local activities or clubs that align with one’s interests, like sports, arts, or community service. Joining classes or attending local events can also provide excellent opportunities to meet new people. 2. Can you think of any disadvantages of making new friends online? Yes, while making friends online can be convenient, there are drawbacks. Online friendships might lack the depth and authenticity that in-person relationships often have. Additionally, it can be challenging to assess someone's true character online, leading to potential misunderstandings or risks. 3. Would you say it is harder for people to make new friends as they get older? Yes, I would say that it often becomes more challenging to make new friends as people get older. Adults tend to have busier schedules, and there are fewer opportunities for social interactions compared to school or college years. However, it’s still possible with some effort and openness to new experiences. Vocabulary Words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Refreshing Making one feel revived and reinvigorated সতেজকর "This amount of sleep helps me feel refreshed and energized for the day ahead." Consistent Regular and unchanging over time সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ "I try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule to ensure that I get enough rest." Nap A short sleep, especially during the day সংক্ষিপ্ত ঘুম "Occasionally, I take a short nap during the day." Boost To increase or improve বাড়ানো "A quick 20-minute nap can really help boost my mood and productivity." Vivid Producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind উজ্জ্বল "I do remember my dreams, especially if they are vivid or particularly interesting." Reflect To show or demonstrate প্রতিফলিত করা "I find it fascinating how dreams can reflect our thoughts and feelings." Explore To investigate or examine অন্বেষণ করা "I even keep a dream journal to jot down memorable dreams and explore their meanings." Approachable Friendly and easy to talk to যোগাযোগের জন্য সহজ "I thought he was very friendly and approachable." Intelligent Having a high mental capacity; smart বুদ্ধিমান "I realized he was also quite intelligent and creative." Bond A close connection between people বন্ধন "We quickly bonded over our love for hiking." Support To provide assistance or encouragement সমর্থন করা "Our friendship grew stronger as we supported each other through various challenges." Positive attitude A mindset that focuses on the good aspects of a situation ইতিবাচক মনোভাব "Sam’s positive attitude and sense of humor made our time together fun." Crucial Extremely important অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ "Having friends at school is crucial for children." Emotional support Help and comfort given to someone experiencing emotional distress আবেগগত সমর্থন "It provides emotional support." Over-influencing To excessively control or direct someone’s choices অতিরিক্ত প্রভাবিত করা "Over-influencing their choices can hinder their social development." Evolve To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form বিবর্তিত হওয়া "As children grow, their interests, values, and social circles evolve." Engage To participate or become involved in অংশগ্রহণ করা "A great way to make friends is to engage in local activities." Authenticity The quality of being genuine and real স্বতন্ত্রতা "Online friendships might lack the depth and authenticity that in-person relationships have." Assess To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of মূল্যায়ন করা "It can be challenging to assess someone's true character online." Challenging Difficult in a way that is interesting or stimulating চ্যালেঞ্জিং "It often becomes more challenging to make new friends as people get older." Openness The willingness to consider new ideas or experiences উন্মুক্ততা "It’s still possible with some effort and openness to new experiences."

Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test- 1 Test-1 PART 1 – International Food 1.       Can you find food from many different countries where you live? [Why/Why not?] 2.       How often do you eat typical food from other countries? [Why/Why not?] 3.       Have you ever tried making food from another country? [Why/Why not?] 4.       What food from your country would you recommend to people from other countries? [Why?] PART 2 – Cue Card Describe a law that was introduced in your country and that you thought was a very good idea. You should say: ·         What the law was ·         Who introduced it ·         When and why it was introduced ·         And explain why you thought this law was such a good idea. PART 3 – Discussion Topics School Rules 1.       What kinds of rules are common in a school? 2.       How important is it to have rules in a school? 3.       What do you recommend should happen if children break school rules? Working in the Legal Profession 1.       Can you suggest why many students decide to study law at university? 2.       What are the key personal qualities needed to be a successful lawyer? 3.       Do you agree that working in the legal profession is very stressful? Questions and Answers PART 1: International Food 1.       Can you find food from many different countries where you live? Absolutely! My area is a melting pot of cultures, so you can easily find a range of international cuisines. From authentic Italian pasta to spicy Indian curries, the options are endless. It’s fantastic because it reflects the diversity of the community, and it allows me to experience different cultures through their food. 2.       How often do you eat typical food from other countries? I’d say I indulge in international food at least once or twice a week. It’s like a little adventure for my taste buds! Whether I’m dining out or ordering takeout, I love trying out different flavors and dishes. It keeps things exciting and breaks the monotony of home-cooked meals. 3.       Have you ever tried making food from another country? Yes, I’ve dabbled in cooking various international dishes. I remember making sushi and ramen from scratch one weekend, and it was such a fun experience! It’s not just about the food; it’s also about learning new techniques and understanding the cultural significance behind the dishes. 4.       What food from your country would you recommend to people from other countries? I’d highly recommend our traditional dish, which is biryani. It’s packed with flavors and spices, and every region has its own twist on it. Plus, it’s got a rich history tied to our culture. I think trying biryani gives a real taste of our heritage, and most people absolutely love it! PART 2: Describe a Law One law that stands out to me as a brilliant idea is the recent ban on single-use plastic bags. This law was introduced by the government to tackle the growing environmental issues caused by plastic waste. It was rolled out a couple of years ago due to increasing concerns about pollution and its impact on wildlife. I believe the driving force behind this was the overwhelming evidence that plastic bags were a significant contributor to environmental degradation. I think this law is fantastic for several reasons. First, it encourages people to switch to reusable bags, which helps reduce waste. Second, it raises awareness about the importance of protecting our environment. By making this change, we’re not just cleaning up our streets and oceans; we’re also setting a precedent for future generations to prioritize sustainability. Overall, this law has been a step in the right direction for environmental protection and has fostered a culture of mindfulness towards our planet. PART 3: School Rules 1.       What kinds of rules are common in a school? Common rules in schools typically cover attendance, behavior, and academic integrity. For instance, students are usually expected to arrive on time and respect their teachers and classmates. Dress codes are also quite common, where students might have to wear uniforms or follow guidelines on appropriate attire. Additionally, completing homework on time and avoiding cheating during exams are crucial to maintaining a fair learning environment. 2.       How important is it to have rules in a school? Rules play a vital role in maintaining a structured and safe environment. They help establish a sense of discipline among students and ensure that everyone is treated fairly. Without rules, schools would likely descend into chaos, making it hard for teachers to teach effectively and for students to focus on their studies. Plus, rules prepare students for the real world, where boundaries and guidelines are necessary for success. 3.       What do you recommend should happen if children break school rules? If kids break school rules, there should be appropriate consequences to help them learn from their mistakes. For minor infractions, a simple warning or a discussion with a teacher can suffice. However, if the behavior persists, it might be necessary to impose some restrictions, like losing certain privileges. In more serious cases, involving parents for a meeting can be beneficial. The goal should always be to guide the child towards better behavior rather than just punishing them. Working in the Legal Profession 1.       Can you suggest why many students decide to study law at university? Many students are drawn to law because it’s seen as a prestigious and impactful career. They often want to help people and advocate for justice. A law degree also opens doors to various career paths, not just in the courtroom but in business and government as well. Plus, studying law sharpens critical thinking and communication skills, which are incredibly valuable in any profession. 2.       What are the key personal qualities needed to be a successful lawyer? To thrive as a lawyer, strong analytical skills are essential, as you need to navigate complex legal matters. Excellent communication abilities—both verbal and written—are crucial too, as presenting clear arguments is part of the job. Attention to detail is a must to avoid any errors in legal documents. Integrity and resilience also play a big role, as lawyers must maintain ethical standards and handle the pressures of the profession effectively. 3.       Do you agree that working in the legal profession is very stressful? Yes, I would agree that the legal field can be quite stressful. Lawyers often juggle heavy workloads and tight deadlines, which can lead to long hours. Handling challenging cases that require intense focus can be mentally taxing. Plus, they have to stay updated with constantly changing laws, which adds another layer of pressure. Despite these challenges, many find the work fulfilling, as they know they’re making a difference in people’s lives and contributing to society. Vocabulary Words/expressions from the text, with meanings in English and Bangla, and examples. Word/Expression Meaning (English) Meaning (Bangla) Example Melting pot A place where different cultures or styles coexist সংস্কৃতির মিলনস্থল "My area is a melting pot of cultures, so you can easily find a range of international cuisines." Indulge To allow oneself to enjoy something আত্মসমর্পণ করা "I’d say I indulge in international food at least once or twice a week." Adventure An exciting or unusual experience সাহসিকতা "It’s like a little adventure for my taste buds!" Dabble To take part in an activity in a casual or superficial way অল্পস্বল্প করা "I’ve dabbled in cooking various international dishes." Cultural significance The importance of a practice or item within a specific culture সাংস্কৃতিক গুরুত্ব "It’s also about understanding the cultural significance behind the dishes." Recommend To suggest something as being good or suitable সুপারিশ করা "I’d highly recommend our traditional dish, which is biryani." Ban To officially prohibit something নিষিদ্ধ করা "The recent ban on single-use plastic bags was introduced to tackle environmental issues." Environmental degradation The deterioration of the environment due to human activities পরিবেশের অবনতি "Plastic bags were a significant contributor to environmental degradation." Reusable Capable of being used more than once পুনর্ব্যবহারযোগ্য "It encourages people to switch to reusable bags." Awareness Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact সচেতনতা "It raises awareness about the importance of protecting our environment." Mindfulness The quality of being aware and present in the moment সচেতনতা "It has fostered a culture of mindfulness towards our planet." Attendance The action of being present at a place, especially in a formal setting উপস্থিতি "Students are usually expected to arrive on time and respect their teachers." Behavior The way in which one acts or conducts oneself আচরণ "Common rules in schools typically cover attendance, behavior, and academic integrity." Academic integrity Adhering to ethical principles in educational environments শিক্ষাগত সততা "Avoiding cheating during exams is crucial for maintaining academic integrity." Consequences Results or effects of an action or condition পরিণতি "If kids break school rules, there should be appropriate consequences to help them learn." Prestigious Having high status or respect মর্যাদাপূর্ণ "Many students are drawn to law because it’s seen as a prestigious and impactful career." Advocate To support or argue for a cause or policy সমর্থন করা "They often want to help people and advocate for justice." Analytical skills The ability to think critically and evaluate information বিশ্লেষণাত্মক দক্ষতা "Strong analytical skills are essential to thrive as a lawyer." Integrity The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles সততা "Integrity and resilience also play a big role in the legal profession." Resilience The ability to recover quickly from difficulties স্থিতিস্থাপকতা "Lawyers must maintain ethical standards and handle pressures effectively." Fulfillment A feeling of happiness and satisfaction due to achieving something সন্তোষজনক "Many find the work fulfilling, as they know they’re making a difference."

Right form of Verb

Describe an exciting sporting event or competition that you took part in. You should say: What the sporting event or competition was When and where the event took place Who won And explain why it was exciting I’d like to recount one of the most thrilling sporting events I participated in during my elementary school days—about 20 years ago. It was our annual sports day, a day that left a lasting impression on me not only because of the competitive spirit but also due to the scorching heat. The event unfolded on the fields adjacent to our school building. We were able to lounge on the grass and soak up the sun while waiting for our turn to compete. Despite the opportunity to relax, the heat was almost unbearable. Throughout the day, my team excelled in various races and events like the long jump, the egg-and-spoon race, and the 100-meter sprint. We had accumulated a decent score, but the final race was the decider—it involved the teachers. Our team’s fate hinged on this last race because it carried a whopping 100 points. Up to that point, we had only secured 67 points. Our teacher, who led our team, was not exactly known for his athletic prowess, and this added an extra layer of suspense to the event. We were all on edge, worried that if another teacher won, it could spell disaster for us. As the race began, with the headteacher blowing the whistle, the teachers took off down the track. The tension was palpable. Our teacher managed to secure second place halfway through the race, and we were all holding our breath, wondering if he could pull off a victory. Just as the finish line came into view, Mr. Stevens, who had been leading, tripped over his shoelace and fell. In an incredible twist of fate, Mr. Williams, our teacher, crossed the finish line first! The moment he won was absolutely exhilarating. The whole team erupted in cheers, celebrating this unexpected triumph. It was a blend of intense drama and elation, and the sight of my teammates and me jumping and shouting in joy made it a memorable day. The victory was not just about winning the race but also about the camaraderie and collective spirit we shared. It was a perfect culmination of a day filled with excitement and pride. Table of Meanings and Translations Phrase/Expression Easy English Bangla Russian Hindi Scorching heat Extremely hot weather প্রচণ্ড গরম Сильная жара प्रचंड गर्मी Lounge on the grass Relax on the grass ঘাসে বিশ্রাম নেওয়া Отдыхать на траве घास पर आराम करना Excel in Perform very well in ভালোভাবে পারফর্ম করা Превосходить в उत्कृष्टता प्राप्त करना Scoring system Method of giving points পয়েন্ট দেওয়ার পদ্ধতি Система начисления очков अंक देने की प्रणाली Decider Something that determines the outcome নির্ধারক Решающий фактор निर्णायक Athletic prowess Skill in sports or physical activities ক্রীড়াগত দক্ষতা Спортивные способности खेल-कूद की क्षमता Tension Mental strain or stress মানসিক চাপ Напряжение तनाव Unexpected triumph A surprising victory অপ্রত্যাশিত বিজয় Неожиданная победа अप्रत्याशित विजय Collective spirit Shared enthusiasm and unity সমষ্টিগত উদ্দীপনা Коллективный дух सामूहिक भावना Culmination The end point or final result চূড়ান্ত পরিণতি Кульминация परिणति Elation Great happiness and excitement উল্লাস Восторг उल्लास Triumph A great victory or achievement বিজয় Победа विजय Camaraderie Friendly spirit among people সখ্যতা Дружеское отношение मित्रता Erupt in cheers To start shouting happily and loudly উল্লাসে চিৎকার করা Разразиться криками радости खुशी के शोर में डूब जाना Unforgettable Not able to be forgotten অস্বীকার্য Незабываемый अविस्मरणीय

Right form of verbs for HSC Examination HSC All Board Questions 2022 1.  Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Rajshahi Board -2022] There are many reasons for which many students of our country (a) ---- (fail) in English. That English is a foreign language is the main reason. English is as if it (b) ---- (be) a language (c) - (mean) for a particular class of people. It (d)___ (regard) as a sheer wastage of time. They (e) - (begin) to cram English as though they (f) ---- (consider) cramming is the only way to learn English. But (g) - (have) they been earnest in learning English, they could have (h) ---- (learn) it easily. Moreover, they are not (i) (motivate) properly. In addition, the   textbooks (j) - (not   write ) according to the need of the learners. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Jashore Board -2022] Would you mind (a) --- (receive) my letter. I am extremely sorry for (b) ---(be) late. Had I had any message about you illness, I (c) --- (visit) you. Believe me, since my return from Australia, I have got myself (d) --- (engage) in raising awareness among people (e) --- (send) their daughters to school. In this country, girls (f) --- (deprive) of proper education and guidance. Due to lack of education, they (g) --- (not know) what they (h) --- (need). For years, they (i) --- (neglect) in society. So, they should (j) --- (teach) that they are equal to men. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Cumilla Board -2022] (a) --- (acquire) knowledge is not limited to any age or time. It can (b) ---(gain) by any person all through the life. It (c) --- (be) like unlimited wealth which can never (d) --- (finish). However, the level of a person's knowledge (e) --- (develop) with his dedication, patience and continuity. A person (f) --- (have) some new knowledge through regular observation and experimentation. The progress of human being largely (g) --- (depend) on the growth of knowledge in various fields in positive and constructive ways. For example, Newton (h) --- (discover) a theory of gravitation and there are many famous scientists who (i)--- (invent) amazing things (j) --- (make) life easy on the earth. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Sylhet Board-2022] COVID-19 (a) --- (transmit) when people (b)--- (breathe) in air contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles (c) --- (contain) the virus. The risk of breathing these in (d) --- (be) highest when people (e) --- (be) in close proximity, but they (f) --- (inhale) over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission also (g) --- (occur) if splashed or (h) --- (spray) with contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose or mouth, and rarely via contaminated surfaces. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and (i) --- (spread) the virus eyen if they (j) ---(not develop) symptoms. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Dinajpur Board-2022] I have tried a lot of different exercises, but I have never (a) ---  (stick) with any of them. I swam for a while, but when the weather got cold, I (b) ---(quit). I tried jogging, but that really (c) --- (wear) me out. I (d) --- (play) badminton for a few weeks, but I could not find anyone (e) --- (play) with regularly. Then one day, I read in a magazine about a form of exercise that I did not even (f) --- (consider) exercise. That was plain walking! I tried it for a month, and it (g) --- (be) so easy and enjoyable that I kept (h) --- (do) it. While walking, I could enjoy the scenery, talk to people I (i) --- (meet), and come back home (j) --- (feel) great. HSC All Board Questions 2022 with Answer 1.  Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Rajshahi Board -2022] There are many reasons for which many students of our country (a) ---- (fail) in English. That English is a foreign language is the main reason. English is as if it (b) ---- (be) a language (c) - (mean) for a particular class of people. It (d)___ (regard) as a sheer wastage of time. They (e) - (begin) to cram English as though they (f) ---- (consider) cramming is the only way to learn English. But (g) - (have) they been earnest in learning English, they could have (h) ---- (learn) it easily. Moreover, they are not (i) (motivate) properly. In addition, the   textbooks  (j) - (not   write ) according to the need of the learners. Answer: (a) fail (b) were (c) meant (d) is regarded (e) begin (f) considered (g) had (h) learnt (i) motivated (j) are not written 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Jashore Board -2022] Would you mind (a) --- (receive) my letter. I am extremely sorry for (b) ---(be) late. Had I had any message about you illness, I (c) --- (visit) you. Believe me, since my return from Australia, I have got myself (d) --- (engage) in raising awareness among people (e) --- (send) their daughters to school. In this country, girls (f) --- (deprive) of proper education and guidance. Due to lack of education, they (g) --- (not know) what they (h) --- (need). For years, they (i) --- (neglect) in society. So, they should (j) --- (teach) that they are equal to men. Answer: a) receiving; b) being; c) would have visited; d) engaged; e) sending; f) are deprived; g) do not know; h) need; i) are neglected; j) be taught 3. Read  the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context.  [Cumilla Board -2022] (a) --- (acquire) knowledge is not limited to any age or time. It can (b) ---(gain) by any person all through the life. It (c) --- (be) like unlimited wealth which can never (d) --- (finish). However, the level of a person's knowledge (e) --- (develop) with his dedication, patience and continuity. A person (f) --- (have) some new knowledge through regular observation and experimentation. The progress of human being largely (g) --- (depend) on the growth of knowledge in various fields in positive and constructive ways. For example, Newton (h) --- (discover) a theory of gravitation and there are many famous scientists who (i)--- (invent) amazing things (j) --- (make) life easy on the earth. Answer: (a) Acquiring; (b) be gained; (c) is; (d) be finished; (e) develops; (f) has; (g) depended; (h) discovered; (i) have invented; (j) making 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Sylhet Board-2022] COVID-19 (a) --- (transmit) when people (b)--- (breathe) in air contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles (c) --- (contain) the virus. The risk of breathing these in (d) --- (be) highest when people (e) --- (be) in close proximity, but they (f) --- (inhale) over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission also (g) --- (occur) if splashed or (h) --- (spray) with contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose or mouth, and rarely via contaminated surfaces. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and (i) --- (spread) the virus eyen if they (j) ---(not develop) symptoms. Answer: a) transmits/ is transmitted; b) breathe; c) containing; d) is; e) are; f) inhale/can inhale; g) occurs/ can occur; h) sprayed; i) may/can spread; j) don't develop 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb as per the verb and context. [Dinajpur Board-2022] I have tried a lot of different exercises, but I have never (a) ---  (stick) with any of them. I swam for a while, but when the weather got cold, I (b) ---(quit). I tried jogging, but that really (c) --- (wear) me out. I (d) --- (play) badminton for a few weeks, but I could not find anyone (e) --- (play) with regularly. Then one day, I read in a magazine about a form of exercise that I did not even (f) --- (consider) exercise. That was plain walking! I tried it for a month, and it (g) --- (be) so easy and enjoyable that I kept (h) --- (do) it. While walking, I could enjoy the scenery, talk to people I (i) --- (meet), and come back home (j) --- (feel) great. Answer: a) stuck; b) quit/quitted; c) wore; d) played/had been playing; e) playing/to play; f) consider; g) was; h) doing; i) met; j) feeling

Multiple choice Question on Write Form of Verbs Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence. Last night, I ______ (watch) a movie with my friends. a) watch b) watched c) have watched d) had watched Answer: b) watched Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "watched." The cat ______ (sleep) on the couch right now. a) sleep b) is sleeping c) was sleeping d) has slept Answer: b) is sleeping Explanation: The sentence is in the present tense, and the subject "cat" is third person singular, so we need to add -s or -es to the verb. The correct form is "is sleeping." By next week, they ______ (finish) the project. a) finish b) will finish c) have finished d) had finished Answer: b) will finish Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, so we need to use "will" plus the base form of the verb. The correct form is "will finish." I ______ (eat) breakfast already. a) eat b) ate c) have eaten d) had eaten Answer: c) have eaten Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we need to use "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "have eaten." Before she left, she ______ (say) goodbye to everyone. a) say b) said c) has said d) had said Answer: b) said Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "said." By this time next year, I ______ (live) in a different country. a) live b) will live c) have lived d) had lived Answer: b) will live Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, so we need to use "will" plus the base form of the verb. The correct form is "will live." The cake ______ (bake) in the oven for 30 minutes. a) bake b) baked c) was baking d) has baked Answer: c) was baking Explanation: The sentence is in the past continuous tense, so we need to use "was" or "were" plus the present participle form (-ing) of the verb. The correct form is "was baking." By the time we arrived, they ______ (leave) already. a) leave b) left c) have left d) had left Answer: d) had left Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect tense, so we need to use "had" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "had left." She ______ (read) the book twice before. a) read b) reads c) has read d) had read Answer: c) has read Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we need to use "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "has read." He ______ (sing) a song when the phone rang. a) sing b) sang c) was singing d) has sung Answer: c I ______ (go) to the gym every day. a) go b) went c) have gone d) had gone Answer: a) go Explanation: The sentence is in the present tense, so we need to use the base form of the verb. The correct form is "go." She ______ (play) the piano for five years. a) play b) played c) has played d) had played Answer: c) has played Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we need to use "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "has played." When I arrived, they ______ (watch) a movie. a) watch b) watched c) have watched d) had watched Answer: d) had watched Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect tense, so we need to use "had" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "had watched." She ______ (write) a letter to her friend yesterday. a) write b) wrote c) has written d) had written Answer: b) wrote Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "wrote." They ______ (study) for the exam for three hours. a) study b) studied c) have studied d) had studied Answer: b) studied Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "studied." By the time I get there, they ______ (leave) already. a) leave b) left c) have left d) had left Answer: c) have left Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we need to use "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the verb. The correct form is "have left." The sun ______ (rise) in the east. a) rise b) rose c) has risen d) had risen Answer: c) has risen Explanation: The sentence is a general fact, so we need to use the present perfect tense. The correct form is "has risen." I ______ (swim) in the lake yesterday. a) swim b) swam c) have swum d) had swum Answer: b) swam Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "swam." By next year, he ______ (learn) Spanish. a) learn b) will learn c) has learned d) had learned Answer: b) will learn Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, so we need to use "will" plus the base form of the verb. The correct form is "will learn." She ______ (break) her leg while skiing. a) break b) broke c) has broken d) had broken Answer: b) broke Explanation: The sentence is in the past tense, so we need to use the past tense form of the verb. The correct form is "broke." Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence. If I ______ (know) the answer, I would tell you. a) know b) knew c) have known d) had known Answer: b) knew Explanation: The sentence is in the second conditional form, which uses "if" + past simple and would + base form of the verb. The correct form is "knew." She ______ (be) working on this project for two weeks. a) be b) was c) has been d) had been Answer: c) has been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect continuous tense, which uses "has/have been" + present participle of the verb. The correct form is "has been." By next year, he ______ (have) been living in the city for ten years. a) have b) will have c) had d) would have Answer: b) will have Explanation: The sentence is in the future perfect tense, which uses "will have" + past participle of the verb. The correct form is "will have." She suggested that we ______ (go) to the beach. a) go b) went c) have gone d) had gone Answer: a) go Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb. The correct form is "go." He ______ (can) speak Spanish fluently. a) can b) could c) will be able to d) would be able to Answer: a) can Explanation: The sentence is in the present tense, which uses the base form of the verb "can" to indicate ability in the present. I wish I ______ (know) how to swim. a) know b) knew c) have known d) had known Answer: b) knew Explanation: The sentence is in the past subjunctive mood, which uses the past simple form of the verb. The correct form is "knew." The teacher asked me ______ (study) harder. a) study b) to study c) studied d) had studied Answer: b) to study Explanation: The verb "ask" is followed by an object + infinitive, so we need to use "to" + base form of the verb. The correct form is "to study." She acted as if she ______ (know) the answer. a) knew Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "knew." They ______ (not be) able to come to the party next week. a) are not b) will not c) have not been d) would not be Answer: b) will not Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will not" + base form of the verb. The correct form is "will not be." He ______ (eat) breakfast before he goes to work. a) ate b) has eaten c) had eaten d) eats Answer: d) eats Explanation: The sentence is in the present simple tense, which uses the base form of the verb "eats" to indicate a habitual action in the present. The car ______ (break) down on the way to the airport. a) broke b) has broken c) had broken d) will break Answer: a) broke Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "broke." I regret ______ (not go) to the concert last night. a) not go b) not going c) have not gone d) had not gone Answer: b) not going Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses the present participle form of the verb "not going" to indicate a past action that was not done. He said he ______ (drive) to the store later. a) will drive b) would drive c) had driven d) drives Answer: b) would drive Explanation: The sentence is in the reported speech, which requires a change in tense. The correct form is "would drive." If she ______ (have) more time, she would have finished the project. a) have b) had c) has d) had had Answer: d) had had Explanation: The sentence is in the third conditional form, which uses "if" + past perfect and would have + past participle. The correct form is "had had." The company ______ (announce) a new product next month. a) will announce b) has announced c) had announced d) is announcing Answer: a) will announce Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will" + base form of the verb. The correct form is "will announce." The children ______ (play) in the park when it started to rain. a) played b) were playing c) had played d) have played Answer: b) were playing Explanation: The sentence is in the past continuous tense, which uses "was/were" + present participle of the verb. The correct form is "were playing." She wishes she ______ (not waste) her time watching TV all day. a) does not waste b) had not wasted c) has not wasted d) would not waste Answer: b) had not wasted Explanation: The sentence is in the past subjunctive mood, which requires the use of "had" + past participle of the verb. The correct form is "had not wasted." They ______ (be) here for two hours already. a) are b) were c) have been d) had been Answer: c) have been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "have/has been" + present participle of the verb. The correct form is "have been." If she ______ (study) harder, she would have passed the exam. a) studied b) had studied c) has studied d) would study Answer: a) studied Explanation: The sentence is in the second conditional form, which uses "if" + past simple and would + base form of the verb. The correct form is "studied." She said that she ______ (finish) the report by Friday. a) finishes b) finished c) has finished d) had finished Answer: b) finished Explanation: The sentence is in the reported speech, which requires a change in tense. The correct form is "finished." He ______ (go) to the gym every day after work. a) went b) goes c) had gone d) has gone Answer: b) goes Explanation: The sentence is in the present simple tense, which uses the base form of the verb "goes" to indicate a habitual action in the present. The team ______ (win) the championship last year. a) wins b) won c) has won d) had won Answer: b) won Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "won." I would rather you ______ (not smoke) in my car. a) do not smoke b) did not smoke c) had not smoked d) would not smoke Answer: b) did not smoke Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb "did not smoke" after "rather." Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence. The doctor suggested that he ______ (exercise) regularly to improve his health. a) exercises b) exercised c) should exercise d) had exercised Answer: c) should exercise Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses "should" + base form of the verb "exercise" after "suggested." She ______ (be) studying for two hours when her friend called her. a) was b) had been c) is d) has been Answer: b) had been Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense, which uses "had been" + present participle of the verb "studying." If she ______ (have) more time, she would have finished the project. a) had b) has c) would have d) will have Answer: a) had Explanation: The sentence is in the third conditional form, which uses "if" + past perfect and would + have + past participle. The correct form is "had." The teacher asked the students to ______ (write) an essay on the topic. a) write b) wrote c) have written d) had written Answer: a) write Explanation: The sentence is in the imperative mood, which uses the base form of the verb "write" to give a command or request. She ______ (be) late for work every day this week. a) is b) has been c) had been d) will be Answer: b) has been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has been" + present participle of the verb "late." The company ______ (hire) a new CEO last month. a) hires b) hired c) has hired d) had hired Answer: b) hired Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "hired." She wished she ______ (have) more time to finish the project. a) had b) has c) would have d) will have Answer: a) had Explanation: The sentence is in the past subjunctive mood, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "have" to indicate a regret or wish in the past. He ______ (read) the book twice before he wrote the review. a) reads b) read c) has read d) had read Answer: b) read Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "read." She said she ______ (like) to travel to Japan someday. a) likes b) liked c) had liked d) will like Answer: b) liked Explanation: The sentence is in the reported speech, which requires a change in tense. The correct form is "liked." The students ______ (be) working on the project for three weeks now. a) are b) were c) have been d) had been Answer: c) have been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect continuous tense, which uses "have been" + present participle of the verb "working." She always ______ (get) up early on weekdays. a) gets b) got c) has got d) had got Answer: a) gets Explanation: The sentence is in the present simple tense, which uses the present simple form of the verb "gets." He ______ (be) studying for the exam since morning. a) is b) was c) has been d) had been Answer: c) has been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect continuous tense, which uses "has been" + present participle of the verb "studying." If he ______ (know) about the party, he would have come. a) knows b) knew c) had known d) will know Answer: b) knew Explanation: The sentence is in the second conditional form, which uses "if" + past simple and would + base form of the verb. The correct form is "knew." The police ______ (arrest) the suspect last night. a) arrests b) arrested c) has arrested d) had arrested Answer: b) arrested Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "arrested." She ______ (try) to solve the problem for hours, but she still couldn't find a solution. a) tried b) has been trying c) had tried d) will try Answer: b) has been trying Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect continuous tense, which uses "has been" + present participle of the verb "trying" to indicate an ongoing action. He wished he ______ (know) more about the topic before the debate. a) knows b) knew c) has known d) had known Answer: d) had known Explanation: The sentence is in the past subjunctive mood, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "know" to indicate a regret or wish in the past. The CEO ordered that the employees ______ (attend) the meeting. a) attend b) attended c) should attend d) had attended Answer: c) should attend Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses "should" + base form of the verb "attend" after "ordered." She ______ (graduate) from college next year. a) graduates b) graduated c) will graduate d) had graduated Answer: c) will graduate Explanation: The sentence is in the future simple tense, which uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb "graduate." The athlete had ______ (win) several competitions before she got injured. a) won b) win c) winning d) wins Answer: a) won Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect tense, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "won." If I ______ (have) known that he was allergic, I wouldn't have served him seafood. a) have b) had c) will have d) would have Answer: b) had Explanation: The sentence is in the third conditional form, which uses "if" + past perfect and would + have + past participle. The correct form is "had." She ______ (be) working at the company for five years now. a) is b) was c) has been d) had been Answer: c) has been Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has been" + present participle of the verb "working." By the time she arrived, the concert ______ (start) already. a) started b) has started c) had started d) will start Answer: c) had started Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect tense, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "started" to indicate an action that was completed before another past action. The professor recommended that the students ______ (read) the book before the exam. a) read b) reads c) have read d) had read Answer: a) read Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb "read" after "recommended." I wish I ______ (have) more time to work on the project. a) have b) had c) will have d) would have Answer: b) had Explanation: The sentence is in the past subjunctive mood, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "have" to indicate a regret or wish in the past. The company ______ (hire) her after she graduated from college. a) hired b) has hired c) had hired d) will hire Answer: a) hired Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "hired." He suggested that we ______ (go) to the beach for the weekend. a) go b) goes c) have gone d) had gone Answer: a) go Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb "go" after "suggested." The politician ______ (deliver) a powerful speech that left the audience in awe. a) delivered b) has delivered c) had delivered d) will deliver Answer: a) delivered Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "delivered." If he ______ (study) harder, he would have passed the exam. a) studies b) studied c) will study d) had studied Answer: b) studied Explanation: The sentence is in the second conditional form, which uses "if" + past simple and would + have + past participle. The correct form is "studied." The company expects to ______ (expand) its business overseas next year. a) expand b) expands c) expanded d) will expand Answer: d) will expand Explanation: The sentence is in the future simple tense, which uses the auxiliary verb "will" + base form of the verb "expand." She ______ (run) every day before work to stay in shape. a) runs b) ran c) has run d) had run Answer: a) runs Explanation: The sentence is in the present simple tense, which uses the present simple form of the verb "runs." The teacher suggested that the students ______ (study) for at least two hours a day. a) study b) studied c) have studied d) had studied Answer: a) study Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb "study" after "suggested." The police _____ (arrest) the suspect after a long investigation. a) arrested b) have arrested c) had arrested d) will arrest Answer: a) arrested Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "arrested." After she _____ (graduate) from college, she moved to a different city. a) graduated b) has graduated c) had graduated d) will graduate Answer: a) graduated Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "graduated." If he _____ (be) more careful, he wouldn't have gotten into the accident. a) is b) was c) will be d) had been Answer: b) was Explanation: The sentence is in the second conditional form, which uses "if" + past simple and would + have + past participle. The correct form is "was." The new manager _____ (implement) several changes to improve the company's productivity. a) implemented b) has implemented c) had implemented d) will implement Answer: b) has implemented Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "implemented" to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. She _____ (have) breakfast before leaving for work this morning. a) had b) has c) will have d) would have Answer: a) had Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "had." The professor _____ (assign) a difficult project that requires extensive research. a) assigned b) has assigned c) had assigned d) will assign Answer: a) assigned Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "assigned." If I _____ (know) about the party, I would have gone. a) know b) knew c) will know d) had known Answer: d) had known Explanation: The sentence is in the third conditional form, which uses "if" + past perfect and would + have + past participle. The correct form is "had known." The company _____ (hire) a new CEO to improve its financial performance. a) hired b) has hired c) had hired d) will hire Answer: b) has hired Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "hired" to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. She _____ (be) studying English for five years before she moved to an English-speaking country. a) was b) had been c) will be d) would have been Answer: b) had been Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect tense, which uses "had" + past participle of the verb "been" to describe an action that was completed before a past time in the past. The teacher suggested that the students _____ (revise) their essays before submitting them. a) revise b) revised c) have revised d) had revised Answer: a) revise Explanation: The sentence is in the subjunctive mood, which uses the base form of the verb "revise" after "suggested." The concert _____ (take) place in a large auditorium downtown. a) takes b) took c) will take d) would take Answer: b) took Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "took." The company _____ (announce) that it will be expanding its operations in Europe next year. a) announced b) has announced c) had announced d) will announce Answer: b) has announced Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "announced" to describe an action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. By the time I _____ (arrive) at the airport, my flight had already left. a) arrived b) have arrived c) had arrived d) will arrive Answer: a) arrived Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "arrived." The government _____ (impose) new taxes on luxury goods to increase revenue. a) imposed b) has imposed c) had imposed d) will impose Answer: a) imposed Explanation: The sentence is in the past simple tense, which uses the past simple form of the verb "imposed." If the weather _____ (be) good tomorrow, we will go to the beach. a) is b) was c) will be d) would be Answer: a) is Explanation: The sentence is in the first conditional form, which uses "if" + present simple and will + base form of the verb. The correct form is "is." The new shopping mall _____ (build) by a renowned construction company. a) was built b) is being built c) had been built d) will be built Answer: a) was built Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "built." The correct form is "was built," as the action has already been completed. The problem _____ (solve) by our team within a week. a) is being solved b) had been solved c) will be solved d) has been solved Answer: d) has been solved Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "solved" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The novel _____ (write) by a famous author in the 19th century. a) was written b) is being written c) had been written d) will be written Answer: a) was written Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "written." The correct form is "was written," as the novel was completed in the past. The cake _____ (bake) by my sister for my birthday. a) is being baked b) had been baked c) will be baked d) was baked Answer: d) was baked Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "baked." The correct form is "was baked," as the action has already been completed. The research paper _____ (base) on the findings of several studies conducted over the past decade. a) is based b) was based c) had been based d) will be based Answer: a) is based Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "based." The correct form is "is based," as the research paper is currently being based on previous studies. The new product _____ (develop) by a team of engineers over the course of several months. a) is being developed b) had been developed c) will be developed d) has been developed Answer: d) has been developed Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "developed" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The books _____ (return) to the library by the students before the deadline. a) are being returned b) had been returned c) will be returned d) have been returned Answer: d) have been returned Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "returned" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The film _____ (direct) by an award-winning director who has worked on several critically acclaimed movies. a) is being directed b) had been directed c) will be directed d) has been directed Answer: d) has been directed Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "direct The company _____ (restructure) after suffering major losses in the past quarter. a) is being restructured b) had been restructured c) will be restructured d) has been restructured Answer: a) is being restructured Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "restructured." The correct form is "is being restructured," as the company is currently undergoing the process of restructuring. The athletes _____ (test) for performance-enhancing drugs before the start of the championship. a) are being tested b) had been tested c) will be tested d) have been tested Answer: a) are being tested Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "tested." The correct form is "are being tested," as the athletes are currently undergoing the testing process. The car _____ (repair) by the mechanic who specializes in fixing vintage vehicles. a) is being repaired b) had been repaired c) will be repaired d) has been repaired Answer: d) has been repaired Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "repaired" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The speech _____ (deliver) by the keynote speaker was met with a standing ovation. a) is being delivered b) had been delivered c) will be delivered d) has been delivered Answer: d) has been delivered Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "delivered." The correct form is "has been delivered," as the speech has already been given. The project _____ (complete) ahead of schedule, much to the delight of the project manager. a) is being completed b) had been completed c) will be completed d) has been completed Answer: d) has been completed Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "completed" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The proposal _____ (approve) by the board of directors after much deliberation. a) is being approved b) had been approved c) will be approved d) has been approved Answer: d) has been approved Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "approved" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The program _____ (design) to meet the needs of students with diverse learning styles. a) is being designed b) had been designed c) will be designed d) has been designed Answer: d) has been designed Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "designed" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The new regulations _____ (implement) next month, and all businesses must comply. a) will be implemented b) had been implemented c) are being implemented d) have been implemented Answer: a) will be implemented Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will" + base form of the verb "implement" to describe an action that will take place in the future. The novel _____ (write) by the famous author won the prestigious literary award. a) is being written b) had been written c) will be written d) has been written Answer: d) has been written Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has/have" + past participle of the verb "written" to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present. The committee _____ (meet) weekly to discuss important issues related to the project. a) is being met b) had been met c) will be met d) meets Answer: d) meets Explanation: The sentence is in the present tense, which uses the base form of the verb "meet" to describe a habitual or recurring action. The documents _____ (review) by the legal team before they are submitted to the court. a) are being reviewed b) had been reviewed c) will be reviewed d) have been reviewed Answer: a) are being reviewed Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "reviewed." The correct form is "are being reviewed," as the documents are currently undergoing the process of being reviewed. The project team _____ (consist) of six members with different areas of expertise. a) is consisting b) had consisted c) will consist d) consists Answer: d) consists Explanation: The sentence is in the present tense, which uses the base form of the verb "consist" to describe a current state of being. By the time we reach the airport, the plane _____ (take) off. a) will have taken b) had taken c) would take d) takes Answer: a) will have taken Explanation: The sentence is in the future perfect tense, which uses "will have" + past participle of the verb "taken" to describe an action that will be completed at a specific time in the future. The flowers _____ (water) regularly to ensure they stay healthy. a) should be watered b) could be watered c) must be watered d) would be watered Answer: a) should be watered Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "watered." The correct form is "should be watered," as it is a suggestion or recommendation to ensure the health of the flowers. The employees _____ (train) extensively to prepare for the new system implementation. a) have trained b) were trained c) will train d) are being trained Answer: d) are being trained Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "trained." The correct form is "are being trained," as the employees are currently undergoing the process of training. The conference _____ (attend) by several industry leaders and experts in the field. a) was attended b) had been attended c) will be attended d) is being attended Answer: a) was attended Explanation: The sentence is in the passive voice, which uses "be" + past participle of the verb "attended." The correct form is "was attended," as the conference already took place in the past. The old building _____ (demolish) to make way for a new commercial complex. a) is being demolished b) had been demolished c) will be demolished d) has been demolished Answer: c) will be demolished Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will" + base form of the verb "demolished" to describe an action that will take place in the future. She _____ (be) writing the report for three hours when I left the office. a) had been b) has been c) was being d) will be Answer: a) had been Explanation: The sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense, which uses "had been" + present participle of the verb "writing" to describe an action that started in the past and continued up to another point in the past. The new product _____ (launch) next month if everything goes according to plan. a) will be launched b) would be launched c) has been launched d) is launched Answer: a) will be launched Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will" + passive form of the verb "be launched" to describe an action that will take place in the future. The book _____ (read) by millions of people around the world. a) had been read b) has been read c) will have been read d) is being read Answer: b) has been read Explanation: The sentence is in the present perfect tense, which uses "has been" + past participle of the verb "read" to describe an action that started in the past and has a connection to the present. The project _____ (complete) by the end of the month if we work efficiently. a) would be completed b) will be completed c) has been completed d) is being completed Answer: b) will be completed Explanation: The sentence is in the future tense, which uses "will" + passive form of the verb "be completed" to describe an action that will take place in the future.

Choose correct form of the verbs The boxes in the storage room (contain, contains) the materials you requested from this department. Where (is, are) the materials we ordered? Reservoirs in the mountains (was, were) overflowing before the dirt-filled dam collapsed. We were very unfortunate. We had (bad luck, a bad luck). Before the dam collapsed, houses in the valley below (were, was) evacuated. There (is, are) many people waiting. When the fire alarm rang, there was (total chaos, a total chaos). Their one and only goal (are, is) to own their own business. Mathematics as well as economics (is, are) required. The (breaking, broken) dishes lay on the floor. This printer is one of those that (make, makes, has made) a lot of noise. Pearson, French, Hein, and Jackson (is, are) a leading publishing house. Any number of consequences (is, are) possible. The (trembling, trembled) children were given a blanket for warmth. The proceeds of the bake sale usually (exceed, exceeds) everyone's estimate. Players are (sure, surely) rehearsing long hours. These are the orders that (require, requires) special attention. Compassionate friends tried to console the (crying, cried) children. Three-fifths of the crop (has, have) to be stored in silos. One million dollars (is, are) a great deal of money. The (interesting, interested) tennis match caused a great deal of excitement. The number of books available for sale (are, is) low. Our agency is only one of several that (sell, sells) insurance. Some of the company's investments (seem, seems) to have been affected by the market changes. Measles (is, are) a contagious disease. She (drinks, drank, has drunk) two cups of coffee this morning. Neither coffee nor dessert (come, comes) with the meal. Each monthly payment, including finance charges, (are, is) $224.75. (Whoever, Whomever, Whom) gets there first should begin setting up. All orders received today (has, have) come directly from the manufacturer. (Is, Are) all this area zoned residential? Perhaps they (were meeting, meet, are meeting) right now. News of the price decreases (was, were) announced to the buyers. When (do, does) Dave and Connie take their vacations? The jury and the judge, as well as the general public, (is, are) convinced of the defendant's innocence. Norton is one of the employees who (work, works) at home sometimes. Perhaps each of you (agree, agrees) with us. The Providence Producing Company (appear, appears) on the top of the list. The members of the ANTA Playhouse Company (is, are) planning a road trip. Several series of games (was, were) scheduled for last Saturday. Three-fourths of the members (has, have) paid their dues. The flight (has departed, had departed, departed) before we arrived. Maria is only one of the employees who (was, were) considered for the position. Most of the damage to the store and its contents (was, were) minor. Kabir (has been, is being, is) a supervisor for the last two years. Employees who (wish, wishes) to work overtime should see Jim. The committee (has, have) accepted the proposal. Ms. Chen, together with her spouse, (is, are) conducting the seminar. Answer with Explanation The boxes in the storage room contain the materials you requested from this department. Explanation: "Boxes" is plural, so the verb should be plural as well. Where are  the materials we ordered? Explanation: "Materials" is plural, so the correct verb is "are". Reservoirs in the mountains were overflowing before the dirt-filled dam collapsed. Explanation: "Reservoirs" is plural, so the verb "were" is used. We were very unfortunate. We had bad luck . Explanation: "Luck" is an uncountable noun, so "bad luck" is correct. Before the dam collapsed, houses in the valley below were  evacuated. Explanation: "Houses" is plural, so "were" is used. There are  many people waiting. Explanation: "People" is plural, requiring the verb "are". When the fire alarm rang, there was total chaos . Explanation: "Chaos" is an uncountable noun, so "total chaos" is correct. Their one and only goal is  to own their own business. Explanation: "Goal" is singular, so the verb "is" is correct. Mathematics as well as economics is required. Explanation: When "as well as" connects two subjects, the verb agrees with the first subject. Here, "Mathematics" is singular. The broken  dishes lay on the floor. Explanation: "Broken" is the past participle, describing the state of the dishes. This printer is one of those that make a lot of noise. Explanation: "Those" is plural, so the verb "make" is used. Pearson, French, Hein, and Jackson is a leading publishing house. Explanation: The names form one entity, a publishing house, so "is" is used. Any number of consequences is possible. Explanation: "Any number of" is followed by a singular verb when considering the possibility as a whole. The trembling  children were given a blanket for warmth. Explanation: "Trembling" is the present participle, describing the children. The proceeds of the bake sale usually exceed everyone's estimate. Explanation: "Proceeds" is plural, so "exceed" is correct. Players are surely  rehearsing long hours. Explanation: "Surely" is the correct adverb, modifying "are rehearsing". These are the orders that require special attention. Explanation: "Orders" is plural, so "require" is correct. Compassionate friends tried to console the crying  children. Explanation: "Crying" is the present participle, describing the children. Three-fifths of the crop has  to be stored in silos. Explanation: "Three-fifths" of a single crop takes a singular verb. One million dollars is  a great deal of money. Explanation: "One million dollars" is considered a single amount, so "is" is correct. The interesting  tennis match caused a great deal of excitement. Explanation: "Interesting" is correct, describing the nature of the match. The number of books available for sale is low. Explanation: "The number" is treated as singular, so "is" is correct. Our agency is only one of several that sells insurance. Explanation: "One of several that" takes the singular verb form for "sells". Some of the company's investments seem to have been affected by the market changes. Explanation: "Investments" is plural, so "seem" is correct. Measles is  a contagious disease. Explanation: "Measles" is a singular noun for a disease, so "is" is correct. She has drunk  two cups of coffee this morning. Explanation: Present perfect ("has drunk") is correct here, as the action is recent and has relevance to the present. Neither coffee nor dessert comes with the meal. Explanation: When "neither...nor" is used, the verb agrees with the closer subject, which is "dessert" (singular). Each monthly payment, including finance charges, is  $224.75. Explanation: "Each" is singular, so "is" is used. Whoever  gets there first should begin setting up. Explanation: "Whoever" is correct, as it functions as the subject of "gets". All orders received today have  come directly from the manufacturer. Explanation: "Orders" is plural, so "have" is correct. Is  all this area zoned residential? Explanation: "All this area" is singular in meaning, so "is" is correct. Perhaps they are meeting  right now. Explanation: "Are meeting" (present continuous) is correct as it describes an action likely happening at this moment. News of the price decreases was announced to the buyers. Explanation: "News" is singular, so "was" is used. When do  Dave and Connie take their vacations? Explanation: "Dave and Connie" is plural, so "do" is used in questions for plural subjects. The jury and the judge, as well as the general public, are  convinced of the defendant's innocence. Explanation: The phrase "as well as" does not affect verb agreement with the main subjects, "the jury and the judge", which are plural. Norton is one of the employees who work at home sometimes. Explanation: "Employees" is plural, so "work" agrees with "who" to describe this group. Perhaps each of you agrees  with us. Explanation: "Each" is treated as singular, so "agrees" is correct. The Providence Producing Company appears on the top of the list. Explanation: "The company" is singular, so "appears" is correct. The members of the ANTA Playhouse Company are planning a road trip. Explanation: "Members" is plural, so "are" is used. Several series of games were scheduled for last Saturday. Explanation: "Series" is treated as plural here, referring to multiple instances, so "were" is correct. Three-fourths of the members have paid their dues. Explanation: "Members" is plural, so "have" is correct. The flight had departed  before we arrived. Explanation: "Had departed" (past perfect) is correct to indicate that the flight left before the arrival. Maria is only one of the employees who were considered for the position. Explanation: "Employees" is plural, so "were" agrees with "who" in describing the larger group. Most of the damage to the store and its contents was  minor. Explanation: "Damage" is singular, so "was" is correct. Kabir has been  a supervisor for the last two years. Explanation: Present perfect ("has been") is used for an ongoing role since a past point. Employees who wish  to work overtime should see Jim. Explanation: "Employees" is plural, so "wish" is used. The committee has  accepted the proposal. Explanation: "Committee" is treated as a single entity here, so "has" is correct. Ms. Chen, together with her spouse, is conducting the seminar. Explanation: When "together with" is used, the verb agrees with the main subject "Ms. Chen", which is singular.

Voice Voice  in grammar shows whether the subject of a sentence is doing the action or receiving the action. Active Voice : The subject performs the action. Passive Voice : The subject receives the action. Understanding Active and Passive Voice Active Voice : The subject does the action. Example : She  (subject) reads  (verb) a book  (object). Here, "she" is doing the action of reading. Passive Voice : The action is done to the subject. Example : A book  (subject) is read  (verb) by her  (agent). In this case, the book is receiving the action of being read. Identifying Objects In active voice sentences, objects usually follow the verb: Example : He  (subject) eats  (verb) an apple  (object). Sometimes, there are two objects: Example : She  (subject) gives  (verb) me  (indirect object) a gift  (direct object). Here, "me" is the indirect object because it tells who is receiving the gift, while "a gift" is the direct object because it is what is being given. Note : If there’s a preposition before one of the objects, that object cannot be the subject in the passive voice. Example : The teacher  (subject) explains  (verb) the lesson  (direct object) to us  (prepositional object). Passive: The lesson  (subject) is explained  (verb) to us  (prepositional object) by the teacher  (agent). Rules for Changing Active Voice to Passive Voice To change a sentence from active voice to passive voice, follow these steps: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Active : The dog  (object) chased  (verb) the cat  (subject). Passive : The cat  (new subject) was chased  (verb) by the dog  (agent). The subject of the active sentence becomes the object in the passive sentence. Use an auxiliary (helping) verb that matches the tense (past, present, etc.) and the subject’s number (singular or plural). Example : Active : They  (subject) play  (verb) the game  (object). Passive : The game  (subject) is played  (auxiliary verb + past participle) by them  (object). Use the past participle form of the main verb. Add "by" before the original subject in the passive voice. Subject and Object Pronouns When changing from active to passive, remember these pronouns: Subject Object I me We us You you They them He him She her Rahim, Karim Rahim, Karim Forming the Passive Voice In passive voice, we focus on the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it. The structure is formed using an auxiliary (helping) verb + the past participle of the main verb. Examples of Active and Passive Voice Active Voice Passive Voice Simple Present : He eats rice. Rice is eaten by him. Present Continuous : He is eating rice. Rice is being eaten by him. Present Perfect : He has eaten rice. Rice has been eaten by him. Simple Past : He ate rice. Rice was eaten by him. Past Continuous : He was eating rice. Rice was being eaten by him. Past Perfect : He had eaten rice. Rice had been eaten by him. Simple Future : He will eat rice. Rice will be eaten by him. Future Continuous : He will be eating rice. Rice will be being eaten by him. Future Perfect : He will have eaten rice. Rice will have been eaten by him. 1.Rules for Using Auxiliary Verbs in Passive Voice Present Indefinite : Active : I eat. → Passive : I am eaten. Auxiliary Verbs : am, is, are. Past Indefinite : Active : I ate. → Passive : I was eaten. Auxiliary Verbs : was, were. Future Indefinite : Active : I will eat. → Passive : I will be eaten. Auxiliary Verbs : shall be, will be. Specific Forms for Different Tenses (A) Present Continuous Active: I am eating.  → Passive: I am being eaten. Auxiliary Verbs: am being, is being, are being. (B) Past Continuous Active: I was eating.  → Passive: I was being eaten. Auxiliary Verbs: was being, were being. (C) Future Continuous Active: I will be eating.  → Passive: I will be being eaten. Auxiliary Verbs: shall be being, will be being. (D) Present Perfect Active: I have eaten.  → Passive: I have been eaten. Auxiliary Verbs: has been, have been. (E) Past Perfect Active: I had eaten.  → Passive: I had been eaten. Auxiliary Verb: had been. (F) Future Perfect Active: I will have eaten.  → Passive: I will have been eaten. Auxiliary Verbs: shall have been, will have been. Steps to Change from Active to Passive Voice The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Use the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb. Add the past participle form of the main verb. Include "by" before the original subject (now the agent). Examples of Transforming Active to Passive Voice Active : He eats rice.Passive : Rice is eaten by him. Active : He is eating rice.Passive : Rice is being eaten by him. Active : He has eaten rice.Passive : Rice has been eaten by him. Notes on Using Auxiliary Verbs Use "am"  with I . Use "is"  with he, she, it , and singular subjects. Use "are"  with we, you, they , and plural subjects. For past tense, use "was"  with singular subjects and "were"  with plural subjects. 2.Forming the Passive Voice In passive voice, we emphasize the action being done to the subject rather than who is doing it. The structure consists of an auxiliary (helping) verb + the past participle of the main verb. Examples of Active and Passive Voice Active Voice Passive Voice Simple Present : She writes a letter. A letter is written by her. Present Continuous : They are playing soccer. Soccer is being played by them. Present Perfect : He has completed the project. The project has been completed by him. Simple Past : The chef prepared a meal. A meal was prepared by the chef. Past Continuous : The kids were watching a movie. A movie was being watched by the kids. Past Perfect : She had finished her homework. Her homework had been finished by her. Simple Future : We will visit the museum. The museum will be visited by us. Future Continuous : I will be studying tonight. Tonight, studying will be happening by me. Future Perfect : They will have solved the problem. The problem will have been solved by them. Rules for Using Auxiliary Verbs in Passive Voice Present Indefinite : Active : They help others. → Passive : Others are helped by them. Auxiliary Verbs : am, is, are. Past Indefinite : Active : She painted the fence. → Passive : The fence was painted by her. Auxiliary Verbs : was, were. Future Indefinite : Active : He will write a report. → Passive : A report will be written by him. Auxiliary Verbs : shall be, will be. 4.Present Continuous Active: They are cleaning the house.  → Passive: The house is being cleaned by them. Auxiliary Verbs: am being, is being, are being. 5 Past Continuous Active: I was reading a book.  → Passive: A book was being read by me. Auxiliary Verbs: was being, were being. 6.Future Continuous Active: We will be traveling next week.  → Passive: Traveling will be happening by us next week. Auxiliary Verbs: shall be being, will be being. 7. Present Perfect Active: He has repaired the car.  → Passive: The car has been repaired by him. Auxiliary Verbs: has been, have been. 8.Past Perfect Active: They had delivered the package.  → Passive: The package had been delivered by them. Auxiliary Verb: had been. 9. Future Perfect Active: She will have finished her essay.  → Passive: Her essay will have been finished by her. Auxiliary Verbs: shall have been, will have been. Steps to Change from Active to Passive Voice The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Use the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb. Add the past participle form of the main verb. Include "by" before the original subject (now the agent). Examples of Transforming Active to Passive Voice Active : They clean the room.Passive : The room is cleaned by them. Active : She is baking a cake.Passive : A cake is being baked by her. Active : He has written a story.Passive : A story has been written by him. Notes on Using Auxiliary Verbs Use "am"  with I . Use "is"  with he, she, it , and singular subjects. Use "are"  with we, you, they , and plural subjects. For past tense, use "was"  with singular subjects and "were"  with plural subjects. 4. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Simple Past Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use was  or were  (depending on the subject). Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . The original subject becomes the agent. Note : Use were  with plural subjects and was  with singular subjects. Active : She wrote a book. Passive : A book was written by her. 5. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Past Continuous Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use was being  or were being . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add the agent after by . Note : Use was being  for singular subjects and were being  for plural subjects. Active : They were making a cake. Passive : A cake was being made by them. 6. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Past Perfect Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use had been . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Active : She had solved the puzzle. Passive : The puzzle had been solved by her. 7. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Simple Future Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use will be  or shall be . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Note : Use shall be  with I  and we ; use will be  with others. Active : He will finish the report. Passive : The report will be finished by him. 8. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Future Continuous Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use will be being  or shall be being . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Active : She will be cleaning the room. Passive : The room will be being cleaned by her. 9. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Future Perfect Tense Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use will have been  or shall have been . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Active : They will have completed the project. Passive : The project will have been completed by them. 10. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Modal Verbs (can, could, may, might, must, ought to) Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use the given modal verb. Add be . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Active : She can paint the house. Passive : The house can be painted by her. Active : He might help us. Passive : We might be helped by him. 11. Changing Active to Passive Voice: "Going to" Structure Rules: The object becomes the subject. Use the appropriate auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Add going to . Add be . Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Active : They are going to open a restaurant. Passive : A restaurant is going to be opened by them. 12 Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Double Objects Rules: One of the two objects becomes the subject. Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Use the past participle form of the verb. The retained object remains as the object. Add by . The original subject becomes the agent. Note : It is often better to make the indirect object the subject in passive voice. Active : The teacher taught us a lesson. Passive : We were taught a lesson by the teacher. Or, A lesson was taught to us by the teacher. 13.Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Reflexive Pronouns Rules: The subject of the active voice remains the subject in the passive. Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Use the past participle form of the verb. Add by . Use the given reflexive pronoun. Reflexive Pronouns : myself, ourselves, himself, herself, themselves, yourself, yourselves. Active : She taught herself. Passive : She was taught by herself. 14.Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Factitive Objects Rules: The first object becomes the subject. Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Use the past participle form of the main verb. Add the factitive object. Add by . The original subject becomes the agent. Note : Some verbs like make, elect, and name require a second object for complete meaning. Active : They elected him president. Passive : He was elected president by them. 15. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with Intransitive Verbs Note : Intransitive verbs usually cannot be made passive. However, if they have a preposition that forms a transitive meaning, they can be changed. Rules: The first object becomes the subject. Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Use the past participle form of the verb with the preposition. Add by . The original subject becomes the agent. Active : She looks after the pets. Passive : The pets are looked after by her. 16. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences with "People Say" Rules : Use it is said  instead of people say , while keeping the rest of the sentence the same. Active : People say the earth revolves around the sun. Passive : It is said that the earth revolves around the sun. 17. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Certain Verbs (need, bid, make, etc.) Rules : The first object becomes the subject. Use the auxiliary verb according to the tense and person. Use the past participle form of the first verb. Add to . Use the second verb. Add by . The original subject becomes the agent. Note : Prepositions like at, on, or with can replace by. Active : He let me leave early. Passive : I was allowed to leave early by him. Active : They considered her a genius. Passive : She was considered a genius by them. 18. Changing Active to Passive Voice: Sentences Beginning with "One Should" Rules : The first object becomes the subject. Use should be . Use the past participle form of the given verb. Active : One should respect others. Passive : Others should be respected. Converting Assertive Sentences from Passive to Active Voice Rules: The agent (the one performing the action) after by  in the passive becomes the subject in the active. Add the auxiliary verb if necessary. Use the main verb according to the tense, number, and person. The subject of the passive becomes the object in the active. Examples: Passive : The cake is baked by her. Active : She bakes the cake. Passive : The homework was completed by the students. Active : The students completed the homework. Passive : The song has been sung by the choir. Active : The choir has sung the song. Passive : The documents were signed by the manager. Active : The manager signed the documents. Passive : The book is being read by many people. Active : Many people are reading the book. Notes: If the object remains implied in the passive, you should introduce a subject in the active according to the context of the passive. Passive : The car has been washed. Active : Someone has washed the car. Passive : The treasure was found. Active : Explorers found the treasure. Passive : The news was reported. Active : Journalists reported the news. Passive : The project had been completed. Active : The team had completed the project. Rules for Changing Interrogative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice 1. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with Auxiliary Verbs (am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had) Steps : The given auxiliary verb (according to person and number). The object becomes the subject. Use be , being , or been  (according to tense). The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Is she reading a newspaper? Passive : Is a newspaper being read by her? Active : Has he finished the report? Passive : Has the report been finished by him? Active : Will they help us? Passive : Will we be helped by them? 2. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Do/Does" Steps : am/is/are . The object becomes the subject. The past participle of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Does he play the guitar? Passive : Is the guitar played by him? Active : Do they enjoy the movie? Passive : Is the movie enjoyed by them? 3. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Did" Steps : was/were . The object becomes the subject. The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Did they complete the task? Passive : Was the task completed by them? Active : Did she win the game? Passive : Was the game won by her? 4. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Who" Steps : by whom . Auxiliary verb according to tense and person. The object becomes the subject. The past participle of the main verb. Question mark. Examples : Active : Who wrote this book? Passive : By whom was this book written? Active : Who is calling you? Passive : By whom are you being called? 5. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Whom" Steps : who . Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number. be/being/been . The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Whom are you helping? Passive : Who is being helped by you? Active : Whom did you invite to the party? Passive : Who was invited to the party by you? 6. Interrogative Sentences with Various Auxiliary Verbs (e.g., will, shall, etc.) Steps : Auxiliary verb according to number and person. The agent becomes the subject. Main verb according to tense. The subject becomes the object. Question mark. Examples : Passive : Has the project been completed by you? Active : Have you completed the project? Rules for Changing Interrogative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice 1. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "What" Steps : What . Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number. be / being / been  (if necessary). The past participle of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : What is he eating? Passive : What is being eaten by him? Active : What have you done? Passive : What has been done by you? Active : What will you buy? Passive : What will be bought by you? 2. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "What + Noun" Steps : What + noun . Auxiliary verb according to tense, person, and number. be/being/been  (if necessary). The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : What things do you like? Passive : What things are liked by you? Active : What book is he reading? Passive : What book is being read by him? Active : What type of dress have you bought? Passive : What type of dress has been bought by you? Active : What food will you take? Passive : What food will be taken by you? 3. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Which + Noun" Steps : Which + noun . Auxiliary verb according to tense and person. be/being/been  (if necessary). The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Which book do you like? Passive : Which book is liked by you? Active : Which movie are they watching? Passive : Which movie is being watched by them? 4. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "Whose + Noun" Steps : Whose + noun . Auxiliary verb according to tense and person. be/being/been  (if necessary). The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Whose car did you hire? Passive : Whose car was hired by you? Active : Whose book are you reading? Passive : Whose book is being read by you? 5. Interrogative Sentences Beginning with "When/Where/How/Why" Steps : When/where/how/why . Auxiliary verb according to tense and person. The object becomes the subject. be/being/been  (if necessary). The past participle form of the main verb. by . The agent (the subject becomes the object). Question mark. Examples : Active : Why do you disturb me? Passive : Why am I disturbed by you? Active : When will you return my book? Passive : When will my book be returned by you? Active : Where did they place the keys? Passive : Where were the keys placed by them? Rules for Changing Imperative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice 1. Imperative Sentences Beginning with the Main Verb Steps : Let . The object becomes the subject. be . The past participle form of the main verb. Examples : Active : Do the work. Passive : Let the work be done. 2. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Do Not" Steps : Let not . The object becomes the subject. be . The past participle form of the main verb. Examples : Active : Don't tell a lie. Passive : Let not a lie be told. 3. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Let + Personal Object" (me, us, you, him, her, them) Steps : Let . The last object becomes the subject. be . The past participle form of the main verb. by . The given personal object. Examples : Active : Let him do the work. Passive : Let the work be done by him. 4. Imperative Sentences Beginning with "Never" Steps : Let . The object becomes the subject. never . be . The past participle form of the main verb. Or alternatively : Let . not . The object becomes the subject. ever . be . The past participle form of the main verb. Examples : Active : Never tell a lie. Passive : Let a lie never be told. 5. Imperative Sentences with Main Verb + Indirect Object (me, us, you, them, him, her) Steps : Let . The direct object (second object). be . The past participle form of the main verb. for . The indirect object (object after the verb). Examples : Active : Buy me a shirt. Passive : Let a shirt be bought for me. Rules for Changing Imperative Sentences from Active to Passive Voice with "Let" 1. Passive Beginning with "Let" Steps : Present form of the main verb. The subject becomes the object. Examples : Passive : Let the work be done. Active : Do the work. Passive : Let the letter be posted. Active : Post the letter. 2. Passive Beginning with "Let Not" Steps : Don't . Main verb. The subject becomes the object. Examples : Passive : Let not the letter be posted. Active : Don't post the letter. 3. Passive Beginning with "Let + by + Personal Object" as Agent (me, us, you, them, him, her) Steps : Let . The agent (the personal object). Present form of the main verb. The subject becomes the object. Examples : Passive : Let the work be done by me. Active : Let me do the work. 4. Passive Beginning with "Let + Never" Steps : Never . Present form of the main verb. The subject becomes the object. Examples : Passive : Let never a lie be told. Active : Never tell a lie. When to Use the Passive Voice If the Subject is Indefinite, Implied, or Unknown Explanation : Use the passive voice when the doer of the action is not specified. Example : He was elected chairman. If the Doer of the Action is Not Necessary Explanation : The focus is on the action or the recipient rather than who performed it. Example : Jute is grown in Bangladesh. If Emphasis is Put on the Receiver Explanation : The passive voice highlights the person or thing affected by the action. Example : A boy was knocked down by a car. If the Doer of the Action is Unknown or Unimportant Explanation : Use passive voice when the identity of the doer is not crucial to the context. Examples : They were attacked on the way. Everything was ruined. To Indicate Social or Historical Importance Explanation : When discussing significant events or inventions, the passive voice emphasizes the event itself. Example : Radio was invented by Marconi. To Indicate Invitation, Request, Announcement, etc. Explanation : The passive voice is often used in formal requests or announcements. Example : Students are requested not to make a noise. To Refer to Newspaper Reports Explanation : The passive voice is common in journalistic writing to report events without focusing on the subject. Example : Cox's Bazar was flooded by a tidal surge. To Indicate the Last Result of an Action Explanation : When discussing the outcome of an action, the passive voice shifts focus to the result rather than the action itself. Example : The meeting was postponed.

Sentence Variety for scoring Band -9 in IELTS Examination 1.     Sentence Openers/ Sentence Beginners 2.     Opening Adjective 3.     Opening Adverb 4.     Delayed Adjective 5.     Delayed Adverb 6.     Nominalization 7.     Noun Phrases 8.     Absolute Phrase  9.     Appositive Phrase 10. Prepositional Phrase 11. Participial Phrase 12. Gerund Phrase 13. Infinitive Phrase 14. Main Clause & Subordinate Clause 15. Noun Clause 16. Adjective Clause/ Relative Clause 17. Sentential Relative Clause 18. Adverb Clause 19. Subject-Verb Split Mix 20. Comma Pairs 21. Semicolon 22. Colon 23. Dash 24. Conjunctions 25. Tenses 26. Conditionals 27. Parallel structures 28. The passive 29. Impersonal structures 30. Using Modals 31. Inversion 32. Cleft Sentence 33. When you have something simple to say, say it simply. Only use complex structures for more complex thoughts. 34. Combining longer and shorter sentences            35. Linking Words & Sentence Structures 36. Word Order    37. Verb Patterns           38. Pronouns and Referencing 39. Comparatives 40. Cautious Language & Avoiding Over-Generalisation    41. Paraphrasing      Detail Description     1. Sentence Openers/Sentence Beginners Explanation: These are words or phrases used at the start of sentences to vary structure, maintain reader interest, and introduce ideas smoothly. Examples: In recent years , online shopping has replaced traditional markets. To address this issue , governments must focus on renewable energy. Clearly , education reforms are vital for future development. Despite the challenges , city planners are working on better infrastructure. By investing in technology , nations can improve healthcare systems.   2. Opening Adjective Explanation: An adjective placed at the beginning of a sentence emphasizes a quality or emotion related to the subject. Examples: Determined , students worked hard to secure scholarships. Worried , parents demanded improvements in school safety. Excited , the audience eagerly awaited the speaker's insights. Optimistic , governments are introducing green policies. Frustrated , many citizens called for better public transportation.   3. Opening Adverb Explanation: An adverb at the start of a sentence modifies the verb, adding detail about time, manner, or place. Examples: Surprisingly , small businesses are thriving despite economic challenges. Quickly , cities are adopting measures to combat pollution. Hesitantly , employees expressed their opinions during the meeting. Suddenly , weather changes disrupted agricultural activities. Gratefully , families welcomed government assistance during the crisis.   4. Delayed Adjective Explanation: A delayed adjective follows the noun it describes, often for stylistic emphasis. Examples: The new policy, transparent and fair , gained public support. The city's architecture, modern and innovative , attracts tourists. Public transport, affordable and reliable , is essential for urban life. The initiative, groundbreaking and bold , has inspired other countries. The exam results, unexpected and remarkable , surprised everyone.   5. Delayed Adverb Explanation: An adverb placed later in the sentence emphasizes how, when, or where an action occurred. Examples: The government acted, promptly , to address the crisis. The train arrived, unexpectedly , after being delayed for hours. The economy rebounded, slowly , after the global recession. The meeting ended, abruptly , following a heated debate. The policy was implemented, effectively , to reduce carbon emissions.   6. Nominalisation Explanation: Nominalisation converts verbs or adjectives into nouns to create a more formal tone. Examples: Implementation  of renewable energy policies is essential. The development  of urban areas must be sustainable. Recognition  of global warming as a threat is increasing. The protection  of endangered species requires strict laws. Promotion  of tourism helps boost local economies.   7. Noun Phrases Explanation: A noun phrase includes a noun and its modifiers, creating detailed descriptions. Examples: The rapid growth of urbanization is affecting rural communities. The implementation of innovative technologies  has transformed industries. A well-structured education system is crucial for societal development. The global demand for renewable energy is increasing. The protection of cultural heritage sites  is a shared responsibility.   8. Absolute Phrase Explanation: An absolute phrase modifies the whole sentence, providing additional detail. Examples: The students prepared for the exam, their notes spread across the table . The tourists walked through the market, their cameras ready to capture moments . The team celebrated their victory, their faces glowing with happiness . The farmer inspected his crops, his hands rough from hard work . The policy was implemented, its success evident in the results .   9. Appositive Phrase Explanation: An appositive phrase renames or gives more information about a nearby noun. Examples: My neighbor, a retired teacher , volunteers at the community center. The Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site , attracts millions of visitors annually. Renewable energy, a clean alternative to fossil fuels , is the future. The library, a quiet place for study , is open all week. Pollution, a growing concern worldwide , requires immediate action.   10. Prepositional Phrase Explanation: A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and adds details about time, place, or manner. Examples: In recent years , the use of electric vehicles has increased. With advanced technology , industries are becoming more efficient. During the pandemic , online education became the norm. On the outskirts of the city , new housing developments are being built. For the benefit of the environment , governments are banning single-use plastics.   11. Participial Phrase Explanation: A participial phrase begins with a present or past participle and acts as an adjective to describe a noun. Examples: Living in urban areas , many people struggle with high costs. Built decades ago , the bridge still stands strong. Inspired by recent innovations , researchers are developing new technology. Concerned about their health , individuals are adopting healthier lifestyles. Facing a shortage of resources , schools are seeking additional funding.   12. Gerund Phrase Explanation: A gerund phrase starts with a verb ending in "-ing" and functions as a noun. Examples: Improving healthcare access  is a priority for many nations. Learning a second language  can boost job opportunities. Preserving cultural traditions  is important for maintaining heritage. Reducing waste production  benefits the environment. Implementing green energy solutions  is critical for sustainability.   13. Infinitive Phrase Explanation: An infinitive phrase begins with "to" followed by a base verb and often expresses purpose or intent. Examples: To reduce pollution , cities are investing in public transport. To achieve better results , students must focus on time management. To preserve wildlife , governments are establishing conservation areas. To address traffic congestion , bike-sharing programs have been introduced. To improve literacy rates , free education programs have been implemented.   14. Main Clause & Subordinate Clause Explanation: A main clause can stand alone as a sentence, while a subordinate clause depends on the main clause to make sense. Examples: Although the weather was bad , the event continued as planned. If governments invest in renewable energy , the reliance on fossil fuels will decrease. When students focus on their studies , they achieve better results. Because urban areas are overcrowded , people are moving to rural areas. While technology offers many benefits , it also poses certain risks.   15. Noun Clause Explanation: A noun clause acts as a noun in a sentence, often beginning with "what," "why," "that," or "how." Examples: What students need most  is proper guidance. Why public transport is important  is clear in urban areas. That renewable energy is essential  cannot be denied. How the economy recovers  depends on government policies. What motivates people  varies from person to person.   16. Adjective Clause/Relative Clause Explanation: An adjective clause modifies a noun, starting with "who," "whom," "whose," "which," or "that." Examples: The city that implemented green energy policies  has seen great success. Students who study abroad  often gain new perspectives. The park, which is located in the city center , is popular among locals. The teacher whose methods are innovative  is admired by students. The project that was completed on time received widespread praise.   17. Sentential Relative Clause Explanation: A sentential relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause, often beginning with "which." Examples: The government introduced a new tax, which caused public outrage . The students excelled in their exams, which surprised everyone . Public transport is now free for seniors, which is a thoughtful initiative . The company adopted eco-friendly policies, which boosted its reputation . The festival attracted international attention, which benefited local businesses .   18. Adverb Clause Explanation: An adverb clause provides information about when, where, why, or how something happens. Examples: Although the costs are high , solar panels are being widely adopted. As cities expand , traffic congestion becomes a bigger issue. Because education is vital , governments prioritize funding for schools. If public awareness increases , environmental issues can be mitigated. Since the population is growing rapidly , housing demand is rising.   19. Subject-Verb Split Mix Explanation: This structure involves separating the subject and verb for emphasis or style. It can be used for clarity, particularly when focusing on the action or other parts of the sentence. Examples: With many people relying on public transport , the system must be upgraded. In many cities around the world , public spaces are being redesigned for better accessibility. On the other hand , traditional schools still offer unique educational experiences. In order to solve global challenges , sustainable practices must be implemented. Across various countries , renewable energy is gaining traction as a solution to climate change.   20. Comma Pairs Explanation: Comma pairs are used to set off non-essential information or clauses within a sentence, providing extra details without changing the meaning. Examples: The new law, which aims to reduce pollution , will be enforced next year. The artist, known for his innovative designs , has gained international recognition. The city, home to over 10 million people , faces challenges related to housing. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar , are gaining popularity. The report, due next week , will focus on climate change solutions.   21. Semicolon Explanation: A semicolon is used to join two independent clauses that are closely related or to separate items in a complex list. Examples: The traffic was heavy; however, we arrived on time. The government has introduced new measures to combat pollution; public reaction has been mixed. Climate change is a pressing issue; it demands immediate action. The country is experiencing rapid urbanization; this puts pressure on infrastructure. Renewable energy is crucial for a sustainable future; countries must invest in clean technologies.   22. Colon Explanation: A colon is used to introduce lists, explanations, or elaborations after an independent clause. Examples: The three main causes of pollution are: industrial emissions, deforestation, and overpopulation. The city faces several challenges: traffic congestion, air pollution, and waste management. There are many reasons to study abroad: academic growth, cultural exposure, and career opportunities. The government needs to focus on several key issues: education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important: wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.   23. Dash Explanation: A dash is used to create emphasis, provide additional information, or separate ideas in a sentence. Examples: The new policy—designed to reduce emissions—has been implemented across the country. The team has made significant progress—especially in renewable energy technologies. The city's public transport system—once outdated—is now among the most efficient in the world. The government announced new regulations—focused on improving air quality—last week. The school—one of the largest in the region—has introduced advanced technology in classrooms.   24. Conjunctions Explanation: Conjunctions are used to link words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions connect equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions connect dependent clauses to independent clauses. Examples: The government has promised to reduce pollution and  invest in renewable energy. Although  the new policy is controversial, it will be beneficial in the long run. She decided to study abroad because it offers better opportunities. However , many people remain skeptical about the effectiveness of these measures. While  education is important, addressing environmental issues is also critical.   25. Tenses Explanation: Tenses indicate the time of action or state. There are three main tenses: past, present, and future, with multiple forms for each. Examples: The government has been focusing on renewable energy for the past decade. In the future , cities will likely rely on electric vehicles for transportation. Public awareness  about climate change increased  significantly last year. Currently , many countries are implementing new environmental laws. By 2050 , the global population is expected  to reach 9 billion.   26. Conditionals Explanation: Conditionals express situations and their possible results. There are four types: zero, first, second, and third. Examples: If  we reduce emissions, we will  improve air quality. (First Conditional) If  people used public transport more, traffic congestion would  decrease. (Second Conditional) If  the government had acted earlier, the pollution would not have  reached such levels. (Third Conditional) If  cities implement green policies, they can  achieve sustainability. (First Conditional) If  we continue to neglect environmental issues, future generations will suffer . (First Conditional)   27. Parallel Structures Explanation: Parallel structure involves using the same grammatical form within a sentence to ensure clarity and flow, especially when listing or comparing ideas. Examples: The government aims to reduce waste, conserve energy, and promote sustainability. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are vital for the future. Both  students and teachers need  to be aware of the new policies. To succeed in this industry, you must work hard, stay focused, and be adaptable. Not only  is the economy improving, but  the environment is also seeing positive changes.       28. The Passive Explanation: The passive voice shifts the focus from the subject to the action or the recipient of the action. It is used when the doer of the action is less important or unknown. Examples: Renewable energy is being promoted by governments worldwide. A new environmental law was passed last year to combat pollution. Global warming is caused  by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels. Recycling programs are encouraged in many cities to reduce waste. Education on climate change is provided  in schools to raise awareness.   29. Impersonal Structures Explanation: Impersonal structures use sentences that do not focus on a specific subject, often used to express generalizations, opinions, or facts. Examples: It is important  for countries to reduce their carbon footprint. It is believed  that sustainable agriculture can help mitigate climate change. It is clear  that pollution is a major global issue. It is necessary  to protect biodiversity for future generations. It has been shown  that renewable energy reduces reliance on fossil fuels.   30. Using Modals Explanation: Modals are auxiliary verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity, or permission. They are used to give additional meaning to the main verb. Examples: Governments should  invest in green technologies to combat climate change. People could  reduce their carbon footprint by using public transport more. We must  take immediate action to protect the environment. Individuals might  face challenges when transitioning to a sustainable lifestyle. It can  be difficult to change people's habits, but it is necessary for the future.         31. Inversion Explanation: Inversion refers to changing the normal subject-verb order, often used for emphasis, questions, or after certain adverbs. Examples: Never  have I seen such a strong commitment to environmental protection. Only when  countries collaborate on a global scale can  we solve climate issues. Seldom  do people realize the consequences of their actions on the environment. Not only  do renewable energy sources help reduce pollution, but  they also provide long-term economic benefits. Under no circumstances  should we ignore the importance of education in addressing global challenges.   32. Cleft Sentence Explanation: Cleft sentences are used to emphasize a particular part of a sentence by splitting it into two clauses, often using "it is" or "what." Examples: It is renewable energy  that can help solve the world's energy crisis. What needs to be done  is to invest more in sustainable infrastructure. It was the government  that introduced the new environmental regulations. What people should understand  is that climate change affects everyone. It is the youth  who are most likely to be affected by environmental changes.   33. When You Have Something Simple to Say, Say It Simply. Only Use Complex Structures for More Complex Thoughts. Explanation: This principle emphasizes using simple language for straightforward ideas and reserving complex sentence structures for more nuanced or detailed points. Examples: Climate change is a global issue . (Simple sentence) To combat climate change , we need both government action and individual responsibility. (Complex sentence) Every individual  can help reduce waste by recycling. (Simple sentence) Governments should incentivize businesses to reduce their carbon emissions . (Complex sentence) Raising awareness about climate change  can lead to collective action. (Simple sentence)   34. Combining Longer and Shorter Sentences Explanation: Combining longer and shorter sentences creates variety in writing and can emphasize certain ideas more effectively. Examples: Renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future, and  it can be achieved through global collaboration. Climate change is affecting agriculture. It is causing droughts  in some areas. Governments should encourage the use of public transport, and  they should also invest in better infrastructure. Education on environmental issues helps individuals make more informed decisions. Urban areas are facing overcrowding, which leads  to challenges like pollution.   35. Linking Words & Sentence Structures Explanation: Linking words are used to connect ideas or sentences. They help with cohesion and making writing flow more naturally. Examples: However , some people argue that renewable energy is not yet viable on a large scale. In addition , the government has introduced incentives to promote green energy. On the other hand , many countries still rely heavily on fossil fuels. For example , Denmark has successfully integrated wind energy into its national grid. Therefore , it is essential for nations to prioritize sustainable development.   36. Word Order Explanation: Word order refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence to ensure clarity and proper meaning. In English, the standard word order for statements is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). Examples: Many countries  have introduced policies to combat climate change. Increasing air pollution  is a major concern for large cities. More people  are choosing renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels. In some countries , recycling programs are mandatory. Reducing waste  is essential for protecting the environment. Some people still fail to understand why old buildings should be protected. Tourists often need to be told explicitly how they should behave when visiting a foreign country.   37. Verb Patterns Explanation: Verb patterns refer to the form or structure a verb takes in a sentence, such as whether it is followed by a gerund, infinitive, or noun. Examples: Many people prefer   using public transport rather than driving. (Verb + Gerund) The government promised   to invest  in clean energy sources. (Verb + Infinitive) Some companies are considering   switching to renewable energy. (Verb + Gerund) It’s essential to reduce  emissions in order to combat climate change. (Verb + Infinitive) Environmental groups encourage individuals to recycle  more. (Verb + Infinitive)   38. Pronouns and Referencing Explanation: Pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence. Referencing is crucial to ensure that the pronoun is clearly linked to the noun it refers to. Examples: Many people believe  that climate change is caused by human activity. They  argue that immediate action is necessary. Governments should take more responsibility for environmental issues. It  is their duty to protect natural resources. The new recycling policy will help reduce waste. It  has already been implemented in several cities. The company has introduced new eco-friendly products. They  are expected to become very popular. The government has a plan to address pollution. It  includes measures to reduce emissions from factories.   39. Comparatives Explanation: Comparatives are used to compare two things, often with adjectives or adverbs ending in "-er" or by using "more" or "less" before adjectives. Examples: Renewable energy sources  are more sustainable  than fossil fuels. Solar power  is less expensive  than it used to be. Electric cars  are more efficient  than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Public transportation  is cheaper  than owning a private car. Cities with better waste management  are more environmentally friendly .   40. Cautious Language & Avoiding Over-Generalisation Explanation: Cautious language is used to express ideas in a less definitive or absolute way, often to make statements more balanced or to avoid over-generalization. Examples: Some experts suggest  that global warming could  be mitigated through renewable energy. It is possible  that renewable energy may  be the solution to many environmental problems. Many people believe  that overpopulation could  lead to resource scarcity in the future. It appears  that cities with better infrastructure tend  to have lower pollution levels. There is a possibility  that more government incentives would  encourage sustainable practices.   41. Paraphrasing Explanation: Paraphrasing involves rewording a statement or idea in a different way to convey the same meaning. It is often used to avoid repetition and to show understanding. Examples: Reducing carbon emissions is essential for addressing climate change. →  Cutting down on carbon emissions  is crucial to tackling global warming. Many people are concerned about the environmental impact of industrialization. →  The environmental effects of industrial growth  are a major concern for many. Renewable energy sources are more sustainable than fossil fuels. →  Sustainable energy options  like wind and solar are preferable to non-renewable resources. The government has implemented policies to reduce pollution. →  New governmental regulations  have been introduced to combat environmental pollution. Education plays a significant role in raising awareness about environmental issues. →  Raising awareness  about ecological matters is largely driven by education.

VOICE- Basic Rules Definition: Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon. There are two Voices: i.              Active - When the subject of the sentence is the doer or actor, the verb is Active. It is so because the subject is active.                                He runs. I did it. He said this. ii.            Passive  - When the subject of the sentence is acted upon, the verb is Passive. It is so because the subject is passive.                 It was done by me. This was said by him.   Rules for changing the Active Voice into the Passive:  ‑ (i)            The object of the active voice becomes the subject of the passive voice (ii)          The subject of the active voice becomes the object of the passive voice (iii)         An auxiliary verb is used according to tense, number and person. (iv)         The past participle form of the given main verb is used after auxiliary verb. (v)          The subject of the active voice is generally followed by the preposition by .   Object : The  object  of a sentence is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb. It is the who or what that the subject does something to.   It can be a noun, a noun phrase, a pronoun or a longer complex object, which is modified (in a similar way to a complex subject). If we ask a verb ‘whom or what’, the answer we get is an object. Only a transitive verb can have an object. An intransitive verb never has an object He speaks English  well   The Subject  is a word, or a group or words, that denotes the person or thing about whom or which something is said.  It must be a noun or a noun-equivalent, and may consist of any number of words. The scientist  looked out of the window.    Changes of Pronouns: Active Voice Passive Voice I me we us you you he him she her it it they Them Who whom   Words used other than by in passive voice:   If the active voice sentence has verbs like -shock, please, surprise, marvel, vex, annoy, know, satisfy, stun, fill , in passive voice sentence we don’t use by  rather we use with before the person and at  before the behavior, characteristics , or object. Passive verb Preposition Passive  verb Preposition passive verb preposition known to annoyed with contained in seized with satisfied with worried about displeased with (somebody) filled with frightened of annoyed at Shocked at marveled at charmed At (behaviour) pleased at(behaviour) Pleased With(somebody) charmed with (somebody)                            Active Voice                       Passive voice The news surprises me. I am  surprised at  the News. The boy pleased us all. We all  were pleased with  the boy. I pleased my teacher and well wishers. My teachers and well wishers were pleased with me. They pleased us all. We all  were pleased with  them. His behavior pleased me. I  was pleased at  his behavior. I pleased my teachers. My teaches  were pleased with  me. His behavior pleased us. We  were pleased at  his behaviour. The news has shocked(gg©vnZ) me. I have  been shocked at  the News. He pleases me. I am  pleased with  him. His work did not satisfy(mš‘ó) me. I was not  satisfied at  his work. His behavior surprised me. I  was surprised  at his behavior. Panic seized the writer. The writer  was seized  with panic. The action surprised me. I  was surprised at  the action. My result displeased father. Father  was displeased at  my result. The box contains twelve pencils. Twelve Pencils  are contained in this box. The boy satisfied us. We were  satisfied with  the boy. My performance satisfied the Headmaster. The Headmaster was satisfied at my performance. Her conduct pleased me. I was  pleased at  her conduct. Your work satisfyed me. I was  satisfied at  your work. Smoke filled the room. The room  was filled with  smoke. Toxic gas filled the room. The rooms  were filled with  toxic gas. Fire burnt the ship. The ship  was burnt with  fire. Panic seized the writer. The writer was  seized with   panic. The cup contains tea. Tea  is contained in  the cup. The books not contain a lot of information. A lot of information  is contained in  the books. Newspaper contains daily news. Daily news  is contained in Newspaper. The cup contains(avib ¶gZv)tea. Tea  is contained in  the cup. The newspaper contains daily news. Daily news  is contained at  the newspaper. He compelled me to do it. I  was compelled  to do it. They compelled me to do it. I  was completed  to do it. She marvelled us all. We all  were marveled with  her. The beauty of Taj Mahal marvels all. All are mervelled at the beauty of the Taj Mahal. The beauty of the girl marveled them. They were marvelled at the beauty of the girl. His behaviour annoys me sometimes. I am sometimes  annoyed at  his behaviour. The naughty boy annoyed the old man. The old man was annoyed with the naughty boy. This ill news shocked Mother. Mother was shocked at this ill news.     Active to passive of the sentence having double objects:   The Passive Voice of verbs with two objects is formed changing either of the two objects into the Subject, and retaining the other as the Object, called the Retained Object.  It is better to make the indirect object subject of the passive voice. (An indirect object denotes the person to whom or for whom some-: thing is given or done, while a direct object usually denotes a thing.)   Active Voice Passive Voice S + verb+ indirect object+ direct object   S + auxiliary verb +past participle+ retained object +by+ object subject + auxiliary verb +past participle + indirect object + direct object subject + auxiliary verb +past participle + direct object + [to/for] + indirect object Examples: Father gave me a shirt. I was given a shirt by father. Or, A shirt was given to me by father. The Headmaster teaches us English We are taught English by the Headmaster. Or, English is taught us by the Headmaster. They handed him a leaflet He was handed a leaflet by them Or, A leaflet was handed to him by them. The guard refused him admittance. Admittance was refused to him by the ground Or, He was refused admittance by the guard The manager will give you a ticket. A ticket will be given to you by the manager. You will be given a ticket by the manager.         Exception If there is a  preposition before any object that cannot be the subject of the passive voice   Active Voices Passive Voices He did a lot of things for me. A lot of things were done for me by him He explained the problem to the students The problem was explained to the students by him. They suggested a plan to us. A plan was suggested to us by them.   The Form of Active Voice and Passive Voice in Tenses Passive voice in Simple Present Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + infinitive + object Formula: S + to be + past participle + by object Examples: Simson cares the lion. The lion is cared by Simson. Ana does the homework. The homework is done by Ana. They sell that house. That house is sell by them. Jessica always plays the piano. The piano is always played by Jessica. She buys a book. A book is bought by her.   Passive voice in Present Continuous Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + to be (is, am, are) + present participle + object Formula: S + to be (is, am, are) + being + past participle + by object Examples: She is doing her homework. The homework is being done by her. He is waiting for Dewi. Dewi is being waited by him. They are giving the present. The present is being given by them. Bobby is drawing a nice scenery. A nice scenery is being drawn by Bobby. Ratna is writing the letter. The letter is being written by Ratna.   Passive voice in Present Perfect Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + have/has + past participle + object Formula: S + have/has +been + past participle + by object Examples: He has left that place. That place has been left by him. I have finished my work. My work has been finished by me. She has missed the last bus. The last bus has been missed by her. Rudi has completed his speech. His speech has been completed by Rudi.   Passive voice in Simple Past Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + past participle + object Formula: S + was/were + past participle + by object Examples: She cleaned the house. The house was cleaned by her. Jeffri bought a new car. A new car was bought by Jeffri. The teacher called the students. The students were called by the teacher. She saved her money. Her money was saved by her. Rina paid all her purchase. Her purchase were paid by Rina.   Passive voice in Past Continuous Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object Formula: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object Examples: I was waiting for Dina. Dina was being waited by me. She was reading a novel. A novel was being read by her. Andi was learning an English. An English was being learnt by Andi. They are building the house. The house being built by them. He was playing a kite. A kite was being played by him.   Passive voice in Past Perfect Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + had + past participle + object Formula: S + had been + past participle + by object Examples: He had left that place. That place had been left by him. I had finished my work. My work had been finished by me. She had missed the last bus. The last bus had been missed by her.  He had posted the letter. The letter had been posted by him. Rudi had completed his speech. His speech had been completed by Rudi.   Passive voice in Simple Future Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + will + infinitive + object Formula: S + will + be + past participle + by object Examples: I shall read a newspaper. A newspaper will be read by me. She will sing a beautiful song. A beautiful song will be sung by her. Budi will repair his bicycle. His bicycle will be repaired by Budi. They will pay the tax. The tax will be paid by them. We shall start this meeting. This meeting will be started by us.   Passive voice in Future Continuous Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + will be + present participle + object Formula: S + will + be + ing + past participle + by object Examples: He will be doing a test tomorrow. A test will be being done by him tomorrow. They will be watching movie on next Saturday. The movie will be being watched by them on next Saturday. Mita will be increasing her value next time. Her value will be being increased by Mita next time. She will be applying a job tomorrow. A job will be being applied by her tomorrow. Sinta will be learning her lesson next week. Her lesson will be being learnt by Sinta.   Passive voice in Past Future Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + would + infinitive + object Formula: S + would + be +past pasrticiple + by object Examples: I would buy a book tomorrow. A book would be bought by me. They would play football next time. Football would be played by them next time. Mita would wash her shoes tomorrow. Her shoes would be washed by Nita tomorrow. My father would use Blackberry tomorrow. Blackberry would be used by my father tomorrow. I would sell my laptop next week. My laptop would be sold next week.   Passive voice in Future Perfect Tense Active Voice Passive Voice Formula: Subject + will/shall have + past participle + object Formula: S + will/shall have +been+ past participle + by object Examples: He  will have left that place. That place will have been left by him. I shall have finished my work. My work will have been finished by me. Rudi will have completed his speech. His speech will have been completed by Rudi. The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice. 1.  Present perfect continuous tense 2.  Past perfect continuous tense 3.  Future perfect continuous tense Active and Passive Voice with Modal Verbs Modals are special Helping Verbs. Modals express the mood of a the verb, such as ability, possibility, necessity or another condition. Models are - May, Might, Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Must, Ought to.   Rules of Passive voice of Modals (mentioned below) show that helping verb 'Be' is added after Modals and 3rd form of verb is used for making Passive Voice.   The structure of passive modal verbs Active Voice Passive Voice S + modal + verb+ object S + modal + be+ past participle + by object Passive voices for Present and Future Modals(e.g. MAY, MIGHT, CAN, MUST, SHOULD, OUGHT TO) Passive Voices for Present & Future Modals (e.g. MAY, MIGHT, CAN, MUST, SHOULD, OUGHT)Auxiliary Verb used in Passive Voice:  Be Active Voices Passive Voices CAN CAN BE He can drive a car. A car  can be  driven by him. He cannot drive a car. A car  cannot be  driven by him. Can he drive a car? Can  a car  be  driven by him? MUST MUST BE He must learn this book. This book  must be  learnt by him. He must not learn this book. This book  must not be  learnt by him. Must he learn this book? Must  this book  be  learnt by him. MAY MAY BE She may eat an apple. An apple  may be  eaten by her. She may not eat an apple. An apple  may not be  eaten by her. May she eat an apple? May  an apple  be  eaten by her? MIGHT MIGHT BE She might kill the snake. The snake  might be  killed by her. She might not kill the snake. The snake  might not be  killed by her. Might she kill the snake? Might  the snake  be  killed by her? SHOULD SHOULD BE I should buy this clock. This clock  should be  bought by me. I should not buy this clock. This clock  should not be  bought by me. Should I buy this clock? Should  this clock  be  bought by me? OUGHT TO OUGHT TO BE You ought to help her. She  ought to be  helped by you. You ought not to help her. She  ought not to  be helped by you.   More Examples: Active Voice Passive Voice You  can do  this work. This work  can be done  by you. Police  could not catch  the thief. The thief  could not be caught  by police. You  may read  this book. This book  may be read  by you. He  might suffer  a great loss. A great loss  might be suffered  by him. You  should respect  your parents. Your parents  should be respected  by you. She  would teach  us today. We  would be taught  by her today. We  must help  the poor. The poor  must be helped  by us. We  ought to respect  our elders. Our elders  ought to be respected  by us. Future Tense with Going To Active Voice Passive Voice S + am/is/are + going to+ verb+ object S + am/is/are + going to+ be +past participle+ by+ object Examples: She is going to cook the food The food is going to be cooked by her Shubham is going to write homework Homework is going to be written by Shubham Sachin is going to play cricket. Cricket is going to be played by Sachin. Our teacher is going to give me a prize. I am going to be given  a prize by our teacher. She is going to open a bank account. A bank account is going to be opened by her. Our teacher is going to give me a prize. I am going to be given  a prize by our teacher. He is going to set up a school. A school is going to be set  up by him.   Passive voices for Past Modals (e.g. MIGHT HAVE,MAY HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, OUGHT TO HAVE, MUST HAVE)   Active Voice Passive Voice S + modal + have+ past participle +object S + modal + have+ been+ past participle + by object   Passive Voices for Past Modals (e.g. MIGHT HAVE, MAY HAVE, SHOULD HAVE, OUGHT HAVE, MUST HAVE)Auxiliary Verb used in Passive Voice:  BEEN Active Voices Passive Voices SHOULD HAVE SHOULD HAVE BEEN I should have started a job. A job  should have been  started by me. I should not have started a job. A job  should not have been  started by me. Should I have started a job? Should a job  have been  started by me? MUST HAVE MUST HAVE BEEN He must have passed the exam. The exam  must have been  passed by him. He must not have passed the exam. The exam  must not have been  passed by him. MAY HAVE MAY HAVE BEEN You may have helped the kids. The kids  may have been  helped by you. You may not have helped the kids. The kids  may not have been  helped by you. MIGHT HAVE MIGHT HAVE BEEN He might have killed the snake. The snake  might have been  killed by her. He might have not killed the snake. The snake  might not have been  killed by her. OUGHT TO HAVE OUGHT TO HAVE BEEN You ought to have finished the task. The task  ought to have been  finished by you. You ought not to have finished the task. The task  ought not to have been  finished by you.   Assertive Sentence The sentences denoting  ‘ a statement of fact’   or   ‘declaration’   is known as   Assertive sentences or Declarative sentences ,  and  also the  pattern of this type of sentences is ‘ S + V + O’.   Active Voice Passive Voice S + verb+ object Subject + auxiliary verb +past participle+ by+ object Examples: She  has done  her work. Her work  has been done  by her. He did the work. The work was done by me. They help us. We are helped by them. Exercise ASSERTIVE SENTENCE   1. Mrs. Smith switched on the radio. 2. The joke drove many people into frenzy. 3. The town mouse did not enjoy the dinner 4. France raised fund by subscription. 5. The statue symbolises liberty. 6. The statue was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi. 7. They can use the empty space below their house. 8. The walls are made of bamboo slates. 9. Houses on high platforms help the Maghs to remain safe. 10. Masum was making his first journey by plane. 11. Masum could saw the clouds flying. 12. Feroza has taken loan from the Grameen Bank. 13. Feroza changed her poor condition by hard labour. 14. The village people insulted her. 15. The people of Grameen Shikkha could understand Feroza's quality. 16. Feroza is teaching the adults in the Grameen Shikkha Centre. 17. The presence of the sick moved Mother Teressa. 18. People say that those who are hard working see the light of prosperity in life. 19. The bee stores honey in the hive. 20. Feroza wanted more loan from the bank. 21. The bereavement overwhelmed the old woman. 22. It kills our valuable time and work. 23. People handed over him to the police. 24. People of all ages enjoy cricket. 25. They handed him a leaflet. 26. Many people don't like the crow's voice. 27. His behaviour vexes me. 28. All on a sudden they saw a bear approaching. 29. You should not waste time elaborating your answers. 30. You can't change your handwriting. 31. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. 32. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. 33. The foundation of the National Memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. 34. The freedom fighters freed our country from the oppression of the Pakistani leaders. 35. Khan Jahan Ali founded a Muslim colony in Bagerhat. 36. Khan Jahan Ali adorned his city with numerous mosques, tanks, roads and public buildings. 37. Second hand shops sell old goods. 38. Books introduce us with the society. 39. Women held rallies. 40. Arsenic does not cause instant death. 41. Arsenic affects people slowly. 42. Sulphur pollution from nearby oil refineries has caused damage to the Taj. 43. Acid pollution is spoiling the colour of the paint. 44. The young doctors should attend international seminars. 45. The unwillingness of the woman to go abroad retards their professional skill. 46. May 1st  reminds us the historic struggle of working people. 47. The police fired into the crowd of workers in 1886. 48. Mrs. Smith closed her eyes. ASSERTIVE SENTENCE with answer   1. Mrs. Smith switched on the radio. The radio was switched on by Mr.Smith. 2. The joke drove many people into frenzy. Many people were driven into frenzy by the joke. 3. The town mouse did not enjoy the dinner The dinner was not enjoyed by the town mouse. 4. France raised fund by subscription. Fund was raised by subscription by France. 5. The statue symbolises liberty. Liberty is symbolized by the statue. 6. The statue was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Bartholdi. The French sculptor  Frederic Bartholdi designed the statue. 7. They can use the empty space below their house. The empty space below their house can be used by them. 8. The walls are made of bamboo slates. Bamboo slates make the walls. 9. Houses on high platforms help the Maghs to remain safe. The Maghs are helped to remain safe by the houses on high platforms. 10. Masum was making his first journey by plane. Masusm’s first journey by plane was being made by him. 11. Masum could see the clouds flying. The clouds could be seen flying by Masum. 12. Feroza has taken loan from the Grameen Bank. Loan from the Grameen bank has been taken by Feroza. 13. Feroza changed her poor condition by hard labour. Feroza’s poor condition was changed by her hard labour. 14. The village people insulted her.   She was insulted by the village people. 15. The people of Grameen Shikkha could understand Feroza's quality. Feroza’s quality could be understood by the people of Grameen Shikkha. 16. Feroza is teaching the adults in the Grameen Shikkha Centre. Adults in the Grameen Shikkha Centre are being taught by Feroza. 17. The presence of the sick moved Mother Teressa. Mother Teressa was moved by the presence of sick . 18. People say that those who are hard working see the light of prosperity in life. It is said by the people that those who are hard working see the light of prosperity in life. 19. The bee stores honey in the hive. Honey in the hive is stored by the bee. 20. Feroza wanted more loan from the bank. More loan from the bank was wanted by Feroza. 21. The bereavement overwhelmed the old woman. The old woman was overwhelmed by the bereavement. 22. It kills our valuable time and work. Our valuable time and work is killed by it. 23. People handed over him to the police. He was handed over to the police by people. 24. People of all ages enjoy cricket. Cricket is enjoyed by people of all ages. 25. They handed him a leaflet. He was handed a leaflet by them. 26. Many people don't like the crow's voice. The crow’s voice is not liked by many people . 27. His behaviour vexes me. I was vexed at his behavior. 28. All on a sudden they saw a bear approaching. All on a sudden a bear was seen approaching by them. 29. You should not waste time elaborating your answers. Time elaborating your answers should not be wasted by you. 30. You can't change your handwriting. Your handwriting can’t be changed by you. 31. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. An area of 126 acres will be covered by the entire complex. 32. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. A  mosque, a library and a museum are included in the plan of this complex. 33. The foundation of the National Memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. On the first anniversary of the victory day the authority laid the foundation of the National Memorial . 34. The freedom fighters freed our country from the oppression of the Pakistani leaders. Our country was freed from the oppression of the Pakistani leaders by the freedom fighters. 35. Khan Jahan Ali founded a Muslim colony in Bagerhat. A Muslim colony in Bagerhat was founded by Khan Jahan Ali. 36. Khan Jahan Ali adorned his city with numerous mosques, tanks, roads and public buildings. Khan Jahan  Ali’s city was adorned with numerous mosques, tanks ,roads and public buildings by him. 37. Second hand shops sell old goods. Old goods was sold by second hand shops. 38. Books introduce us with the society. We are introduced with the society by books. 39. Women held rallies. Rallies were held by women. 40. Arsenic does not cause instant death. Instant death is not caused by Arsenic . 41. Arsenic affects people slowly. People are affected slowly by Arsenic. 42. Sulphur pollution from nearby oil refineries has caused damage to the Taj. Damage to the Taj has been caused by sulphur pollution from nearby oil refineries. 43. Acid pollution is spoiling the colour of the paint. The color of the paint was being spoiled by acid pollution. 44. The young doctors should attend international seminars. International seminars should be attended by the young doctors. 45. The unwillingness of the woman to go aborad retards their professional skill. Their professional skill is retard by the unwillingness of the woman to go abroad. 46. May lst reminds us the historic struggle of working people. We are reminded the historic struggle of working people  by May 1st. 47. The police fired into the crowd of workers in 1886. The crowd of workers in 1886 were fired into by the police. 48. Mrs. Smith closed her eyes. Mrs. Smith’s eyes  were closed by her.

Interrogative Sentence am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had Active Voice Passive Voice Auxiliary verb +S + verb+ object+ question mark Auxiliary verb +S +be/being/been+ V3 + by+ object+ question mark. Examples: Is he reading a book? Is a book being read by him? Will Jamal help me? Will/Shall I be helped by Jamal? Has he eaten the mangoes? Have the mangoes been eaten by him? Was Suzan writing homework? Was homework being written by Suzan? Was Simran learning English? Was English being learnt by Simran? Was Sumi playing cricket? Was cricket being played by Sumi? Were they solving the problems? Were the problems being solved by them?   Note : be is used in the simple future, being is used in all the continuous tenses and been is used in all the perfect tenses.   do/does Interrogative sentence beginning with "do/does". Active Voice Passive Voice Do/does + subject + verb + object+? Am/is/are + subject + V3 + by + agent+? Examples: Does Shubham write homework? Is homework written by Shubham? Does Simran learn English? Is English learnt by Simran? Does Sachin play cricket? Is cricket played by Sachin? Does he help me? Am I helped by him?   N. B. am is used before I, is is used before he/she/it/any subject of third person singular number and are is used before we, you, they and all other plural subjects.   Did Interrogative sentence beginning with 'did'.   Active Voice Passive Voice Did + subject + verb + object +? Was/were + subject + V3 + by + agent+ ? Examples: Did they play football? Was football played by them? Did you do the work? Was the work done by you? Did she buy the mangoes? Were the mangoes bought by her? Did Hary take the decision? Was the decision taken by Hary?   N.B. Was is used before any singular subject and were is used before any plural subject.   modals Interrogative sentence beginning with modals.   Active Voice Passive Voice Modal + subject + verb + object+? Modal + subject + be + V-3 + by + agent+? Examples: Should Shubham write homework? Should homework be written by Shubham? Would Simran learn English? Would English be learnt by Simran? May Sachin play cricket? May cricket be played by Sachin?   Wh’ questions Questions starting with when, where, how, why Active Voice Passive Voice when, where, how, why + auxiliary + subject + verb + object+ ? when, where, how, why + auxiliary +subject+ (be/being/been)+ V3 + by+ agent+ ? Examples: When are you giving her the key? When is the key being given to her by you? Why did he do the work? Why was the work  done by him? When will you return the book? When will my book be returned  by you? Why do you disturb me? Why am I disturbed by you?   what Interrogative sentence beginning with 'what'.     Questions starting with when, where, how, why Active Voice Passive Voice what + auxiliary verb + subject + verb + ? what  + auxiliary verb +be/being/been+ V3 + by+ agent+ ? Examples: What is he eating? What is being eaten by him? What have you done? What has been done by you? What will you buy? What will be bought buy you?   'what/which/whose + noun'. Interrogative sentence beginning with 'what + noun'. Active Voice Passive Voice What/which/whose+ noun + auxiliary verb + subject + verb + ? What/which/whose +noun + auxiliary verb +be/being/been+ V3 + by+ agent+ ? Examples: What things do you like? What things are liked by you? What book is he reading? What book is being read by him? What type of dress have you bought? What type of dress has been bought by you? What food will you take? What food will be taken by you? Which car did you hire? Which car was hired by you? Which book do you like? Which book is liked by you? Whose car did you hire? Whose car was hired by you? Whose book do you want? Whose book is wanted by you?   Who Interrogative sentence beginning with 'who'.   Active Voice Passive Voice Who +(auxiliary verb)+verb + object +? By whom+ auxiliary verb + object + (being/been) +V3 + ? Examples: Who teaches you? By whom are you taught? Who is calling me? By whom am I being called? Who has broken the pencil? By whom has the pencil been broken? Who is doing it? By whom is it being done Who lent you this book? By whom were you lent this book?     Whom   Interrogative sentence beginning with 'whom'   Active Voice Passive Voice Whom +auxiliary verb+ subject+ verb +? who+ auxiliary verb + be/being/been +V3 +by+object+ ? Examples: Whom has the principal honored? Who has been honored by the principal? Whom has the police arrested? Who has been arrested by police? Whom have the people elected? Who has been elected by the people? Whom have the selectors selected? Who has been selected by the selectors? Whom has she called? Who has been called by her? Whom are you teaching? Who is being taught by you? Exercise INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE     1. Does SMC Bank treat women equally? 2. Shouldn't an examinee read the whole question? 3. Is it surrounded by a beautiful garden? 4. How did the Grameen Shikkah help Feroza ? 5. Who founded Nirmol Hirdoy? 6. Who founded a Muslim colony in Bagerhat? 7. Don't the Maghs build their houses on high platforms?  8. Do you play football? 9. Did the boy catch a bird? 10. Does she write a letter? 11. Don't you like tea? 12. Doesn't Rumi prepare his lessons daily? 13. Didn't Lucy sing a song? 14. Will they help the poor? 15. Shall I catch fish? 16. Is he doing the work? 17. Are they making a noise in the class? 18. Has he taken the book from the table? 19. Were you calling me? 20. Who gave you the watch? 21, Who has broken the plates? 22. Whom did you meet? 23. Whom has he seen in the room? 24. Whom will he teach?  25. Whom did you lend the pen? 26. What did he do yesterday? 27. What are you reading? 28. When did you meet him? 29. Where did you find him? 30. Doesn't Eid-ul-Fitr teach us moral values? 31. Who designed the statue of liberty? 32. How many strikers were killed by the police? 33. Can you change your handwriting? 34. What does "intermingle'' mean? 35. Do women face less discrimination in medical profession? 36. Doesn't dangerous bacteria pollute surface water? 37. Didn't Masum ourcome his fear? 38. Didn't the plane journey amaze Masum? 39, Didn't Neela and Becky accompany Masum? INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE with Answer     1. Does SMC Bank treat women equally? Are the women treated equally by SMC Bank? 2. Shouldn't an examinee read the whole question? Shouldn’t the whole question be read by an examinee? 3. Is it surrounded by a beautiful garden? Does a beautiful garden surround it? 4. How did the Grameen Shikkah help Feroza ? How was Feroza helped by Grameen Shikkah? 5. Who founded Nirmol Hirdoy? By whom was Nirmol Hridoy founded? 6. Who founded a Muslim colony in Bagerhat? By whom was a Muslim colony in Bagerhat founded? 7. Don't the Maghs build their houses on high platforms? Aren’t the Maghs’ houses built on high platforms by them?  8. Do you play football? Is football played by you? 9. Did the boy catch a bird? Was a bird caught by the boy? 10. Does she write a letter? Is a letter written by her? 11. Don't you like tea? Isn’t tea liked by you? 12. Doesn't Rumi prepare his lessons daily? Aren’t Rumi’s lessons prepared by him/her daily? 13. Didn't Lucy sing a song? Wasn’t a song sung by Lucy? 14. Will they help the poor? Will the poor be helped by them? 15. Shall I catch fish? Will fish be caught by me? 16. Is he doing the work? Is the work being done by him? 17. Are they making a noise in the class? Is a noise in the class being made by them? 18. Has he taken the book from the table? Has the book from the table been taken by him? 19. Were you calling me? Was I being called by you? 20. Who gave you the watch? By whom was the watch given to you? 21. Who has broken the plates? By whom has the plates been given to you? 22. Whom did you meet? Who was met by you? 23. Whom has he seen in the room? Who has been seen in the room by him. 24. Whom will he teach? Who was taught by him?  25. Whom did you lend the pen?   Who was lent the pen by you? 26. What did he do yesterday? What was done yesterday by him? 27. What are you reading? What is being read by you? 28. When did you meet him? When was he met by you? 29. Where did you find him? Where was he found by you? 30. Doesn't Eid-ul-Fitr teach us moral values? Aren’t we taught moral values by Eid-ul-Fetr? 31. Who designed the statue of liberty? By whom was the statue of liberty designed? 32. How many strikers were killed by the police? How many strikers the police killed? 33. Can you change your handwriting? Can your handwriting be changed by you? 34. What does "intermingle'' mean? What is meant by "intermingle''? 35. Do women face less discrimination in medical profession? Is less discrimination is faced by women in medical profession? 36. Doesn't dangerous bacteria pollute surface water? Isn’t surface water polluted by dangerous bacteria. 37. Didn't Masum overcome his fear? Wasn’t Masum’s fear overcome by him? 38. Didn't the plane journey amaze Masum? Wasn’t Masum amazed by the plane journey? 39, Didn't Neela and Becky accompany Masum? Wasn’t Masum accompanied by Neela and Becky?

Imperative sentence Imperative sentences are sentences which express advice, request or command.   Sentence beginning with the main verb   Active Voice Passive Voice Verb +object Let+ subject+ be + V3 Examples: Do the work. Let the work be done. Put the book on the table. Let the book be put on the table. Listen to the story again. Let the story be listened again Post the letter into the letter box. Let the letter be posted into the letter box. Work out the sum. Let the sum be worked out. Drive the dog away. Le the dog be driven away. Hang it on the wall. Let it be hung on the wall.   Sentence beginning with "do not"   Active Voice Passive Voice Do not+ Verb +object Let +not+ subject+ be + V3 Examples: Do not insult the poor. Let not  the poor  be insulted. Do not make a mistake? Let not a mistake be made. Do not insult the weak. Let not the weak be insulted. Do not waste your time. Let not your time be wasted. Don’t look down upon the poor. Let not the poor be looked down upon. Don’t disturb the sleeping dog. Let not the sleeping dog be disturbed. Do not insult the poor. Let not  the poor  be insulted.     Sentence with "let + personal object" (me, us, you, him, her, them) Active Voice Passive Voice Verb +object (indirect)+ object(direct) Let + subject+ be + V3 +for/to + object(retatined) Examples: Pluck me the flower. Let the flower be plucked for me. Pluck my sister a flower. Let a flower be plucked for my sister. Buy me a nice pen. Let a nice pen be brought for me. Bring me a chair. Let a chair be brought for me. Give them something without a label. Let something be given to them without a label. Give me a pen Let a pen be given to me. Pluck me the flower. Let the flower be plucked for me.     Never Sentence beginning with "never". Active Voice Passive Voice Never + verb+ object Let never + subject+ be + V3 Examples: Never tell a lie. Let never a lie be ever told. Never laugh at the deaf. Let the deaf never be laughed at. Never mock at the dumb. Let the dump never be mocked at. Never neglect your duties. Let your duties never be neglected. Never believe a rogue. Let never a rogue be believed. Never neglect your studies. Let never your studies be neglected. Never do such work. Let never such work be done.     . Imperative Sentence with ‘Always’   Active Passive Always + verb+object       Let + always + Subject +be               +verb (past participle) Or, Let +object+ always + be +verb (Past       Participle). Always speak the truth.        Let the truth always be told. Or, Let always the truth be spoken.(by us) Always take good foods.       Let good food always be taken. Or, Let always good food be taken. Always dream of noble things.        Let noble things always be dreamt of. Or, Let always noble things be dreamt.         main verb + indirect object (me, us, you, them, him, her)   Sentence with main verb + indirect object (me, us, you, them, him, her)   Active Voice Passive Voice verb+ object(indirect)+object(direct) Let +subject + be + V3+ for/to+object(retained) Examples: Buy me a shirt. Let a shirt be bought for me. Bring me a glass of water. Let a glass of water be brought for me. Give me the pen. Let the pen be given to me.   Imperative sentences containing please Passive voice of sentences containing request start with ‘You are requested to’. Generally, sentences containing request have the word ‘please’ in it. Active Voice Passive Voice Please+ verb+ object You are requested + to+ V+ +object Examples: Please close the door. You are requested to close the door Please bring some apples.. You are requested to bring some water. Please show me your tickets. You are requested to show your tickets. Exercise IMPERATIVE SENTENCE   1. Don't make any mistake about me. 2. Let the flag be kept half mast, 3, Unwrap the package.  4. Read the letters inscribed on the door, 5. Let the truth be spoken'by him. 6. Untie the knot.  7. Offer him the chair. 8, Let him arrange the picnic.  9. Please pay due homage to your elders. 10, Do not find fault with others. 11. Order the drivers to follow the traffic rules strictly. 12. Keep peace with the rest of the word. 13. Budget your time. 14. Read through the whole question paper,  15. Follow the instructions. 16. Underline the key words. 17. Check and double check your exam dates and times. 18. Attempt to answer all the questions. 19. Switch on the radio. 20. Arrange a programme on the occasion of Pahela Baishakch. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE with Answer   1. Don't make any mistake about me. Let not any mistake be made about me. 2. Let the flag be kept half mast, Keep the flag half-mast. 3. Unwrap the package. Let the package be unwrapped. 4. Read the letters inscribed on the door. Let the letters inscribed on the floor be read. 5. Let the truth be spoken by him. Let him speak the truth. 6. Untie the knot. Let the knot be untied. 7. Offer him the chair. Let the chair be offered to him. 8, Let him arrange the picnic. Let the picnic be arranged by him. 9. Please pay due homage to your elders. You are requested to pay due homage to your elders. 10. Do not find fault with others. Let not fault be found with others. 11. Order the drivers to follow the traffic rules strictly. Let the drivers be ordered to follow the traffic rules strictly. 12. Keep peace with the rest of the world. You are requested to keep peace with the rest of the world. Let peace be kept with the rest of the world. 13. Budget your time. Let your time be budgeted. 14. Read through the whole question paper. Let the whole question paper be read through You are advised to read through the whole question paper. 15. Follow the instructions. Let the instructions be followed. 16. Underline the key words. Let the key words be underlined. 17. Check and double check your exam dates and times. Let your exam dates and times be checked and double cheked. 18. Attempt to answer all the questions. You are advised to answer all the questions. All the questions should be attempted to answer. Let all the questions be attempted to answer. 19. Switch on the radio. Let the radio be switched on.  You are asked to switch on the radio. 20. Arrange a programme on the occasion of Pahela Baishakh. Let a programme be arranged on the occasion of Pahela Baishakh. 21. Decorate your school premises tastefully. Let your school premise be decorated tastefully. 22. Tell your class teacher to invite some renowned guests. Let your class teacher be told to invite some renowned guests.

Passive:  Our life is not measured by months or years. (Dhaka Board – 2019) Ans:  We do not measure our life by months or years. (Active) Active:  So, we should not waste time in vain. (Dhaka Board – 2019) Ans:  So, time should not be wasted in vain by us. (Passive) Passive:  Computers are now-a-days being used in almost every sphere of life. (Cumilla Board – 2019) Ans:  Nowadays, people use computers in almost every sphere of life. (Active) Active:  It helps us a lot. (Cumilla Board – 2019) Ans:  We are helped a lot by it. (Passive) Active:  He loved the people cordially. (Chattogram Board – 2019) Ans:  The people were loved cordially by him. (Passive) Active:  People hate a corrupted man. (Jashore Board – 2016, Sylhet Board – 2019) Ans:  A corrupted man is hated by people. (Passive) Active:  A student can visit all the renowned libraries of the world without going there. (Barisal Board – 2019) Ans:  All the renowned libraries of the world can be visited by a student without going there. (Passive) Passive:  He is respected by all. (Rajshahi Board – 2019) Ans:  Everybody respects him. (Active) Passive:  Now, it is being used all over the world. (Dinajpur Board – 2019) Ans:  Now, people are using it all over the world. (Active) Passive:  A terrorist is hated by people. (Jashore Board – 2019) Ans:  People hate a terrorist. (Active) Passive:  They should be brought to book. (Jashore Board – 2019) Ans:  The authority should bring them to book. (Active) Passive:  The province of a powerful prince was, once attacked by young Taimur. Ans:  Once, young Taimur attacked the province of a powerful prince. (Active) Active:  The army killed Taimur’s all soldiers. (All Board – 2018) Ans:  Taimur’s all soldiers were killed by the army. (Passive) Passive:  Any answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Jashore Board – 2017) Ans:  Students should not elaborate any answer in the exam. (Active) Active:  The examinee should not waste time doing it. (Jashore Board – 2017) Ans:  By doing it, time should not be wasted by the examinee. (Passive) Passive:  The government has taken some steps to improve their condition. (Dinajpur Board – 2017) Ans:  Some steps have been taken to improve their condition by the government. (Passive) Passive:  I accepted the invitation. (Rajshahi Board – 2017, Chattogram Board – 2015) Ans:  The invitation was accepted by me. (Passive) Passive:  It is called the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Rajshahi Board – 2017, Chattogram Board - 2015) Ans:  People call it the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active) Active:  Do you know it? (Chattogram Board – 2016) Ans:  Is it known to you? (Passive) Passive:  Hard work is needed for success. (Chattogram Board – 2016) Ans:  We need hard work for success. (Active) Passive:  The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard-working person. (Chattogram Board – 2017) Ans:  A hard-working person can see the light of prosperity. (Active) Active:  We should remember that industry is the key to success. (Chattogram Board – 2017) Ans:  That industry is the key to success should be remembered by us. (Passive) Active:  They waste their valuable time idly. (Sylhet Board – 2015) Ans:  Their valuable time is wasted idly by them. (Passive) Passive:  They are treated badly even by their family members. (Sylhet Board – 2015) Ans:  Even their family members treat them badly. (Active) Active:  He did not misuse this wealth. (Jashore Board – 2015, Cumilla Board – 2017, Sylhet Board – 2020) Ans:  This wealth was not misused by him. (Passive) Passive:  He is called the friend of humanity. (Jashore Board – 2015, Cumilla Board – 2017, Sylhet Board – 2020) Ans:  People call him the friend of humanity. (Active) Active:  Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Sylhet Board – 2017) Ans:  We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (Passive) Passive:  She is respected by everybody. (Dhaka Board – 2017) Ans:  Everybody respects her. (Active) Active:  He sold them in the neighboring market. (Barishal Board – 2017) Ans:  They were sold in the neighboring market by him. (Passive) Active:  All the students respect him very much. (Cumilla Board – 2016) Ans:  He is very much respected by all the students. (Passive) Active:  The readers called for a new edition of his famous book “The Lyrical Ballads” in 1800. (Dinajpur Board – 2016) Ans:  A new edition of his famous book “The Lyrical Ballads” was called for by the readers in 1800. (Passive) Active:  Every year natural disasters visit us. (Barishal Board – 2016) Ans:  Every year we are visited by natural disasters. (Passive) Passive:  Crops are damaged by this flood. (Barishal Board – 2016) Ans:  This flood damages crops. (Active) Passive:  He was recognized by his teachers as a precious child. (Dinajpur Board – 2015) Ans:  His teachers recognized him as a precious child. (Active) Active:  Ruplal made a nice little hut for himself in the jungle. (Sylhet Board – 2016) Ans:  A nice little hut was made by Ruplal for himself in the jungle. (Passive) Active:  Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Dhaka Board – 2016 Ans:  We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (Passive) Passive:  More and more books should be read. (Dhaka Board – 2016) Ans:  One should read more and more books. (Active) Active:  He did not find any way. (Rajshahi Board – 2016) Ans:  No way was found by him. (Passive) Active:  The bear smelt his ears, nose, and face. (Rajshahi Board – 2016) Ans:  His ears, nose, and face were smelt by the bear. (Passive) Passive:  Health can be improved by regular physical exercise and a balanced diet. (Cumilla Board – 2020, 2015) Ans:  One can improve one’s health by regular exercise and a balanced diet. (Active)

Voice Change Exercise 1 What is the passive form of the sentence "I had painted a picture"? A. A picture was painted by me. B. A picture had been painted by me. C. A picture had painted by me. D. All are correct. 2 What is the active form of the sentence "A mistake has been made by you"? A. You has made a mistake. B. You had made a mistake. C. You have made a mistake. D. You made a mistake. 3 What is the passive form of "Mother teaches us English." A. English is taught us by mother. B. English teaching is given to us by mother. C. I am given English teaching by mother. D. All are correct. 4 "He gave me a book." What is its passive form? A. A book had been given me by him. B. I had been given a book by him. C. A book was given me by him. D. I was given a book by him. 5 "A poem will be being written by her." What is its active form? A. She is writing a poem. B. She will be writing a poem. C. She would be writing a poem. D. All are correct. 6 What is the passive form of "You must do it." A. Must it be done by you? B. It is done by you must. C. It must be done by you. D. It must will be done by you. 7 "Show him the way." What is its passive form? A. The way is shown him by you. B. Let the way be shown to him. C. He is shown the way by you. D. Let the way be shown him. 8 Find out the correct sentence. A. His father was died. B. His father died. C. He appeared on the scene. D. He was appeared on the scene. 9 "I can recite the poem." What is its passive form? A. Recitation of the poem is possible by me. B. Recitation of the poem can be performed by me. C. The poem can be recited by me. D. The poem could be recited by me. 10 "I had been reaping the corn." What is its passive form? A. The corn had been reaped by me. B. The corn had reaped by me. C. The corn had been being reaped by me. D. The corn was reaped by me. 11 What is the passive form of "The durban refused him admittance." A. His admittance was refused by the durban. B. He was refused admittance by the durban. C. Admission was refused him by the durban. D. All are correct. 12 "Circumstances will oblige me to go." Which is its passive form? A. My going will be obliged by circumstances. B. I will be obliged to go by the circumstances. C. I will be obliged to go. D. All are correct. 13 Find out the active form of "Promises should be kept." A. You should keep your promises. B. One should keep his promises. C. One should keep one's promises. D. A and C. 14 Find out the passive form of "He keeps me waiting." A. My waiting is kept by him. B. I am kept waiting by him. C. I am kept by him waiting. D. B and C. 15 Find out the passive form of "The Romans expected to conquer Carthage." A. To conquer Carthage was expected by the Romans. B. It was expected by the Romans that they would conquer Carthage. C. Carthage was expected to conquer by the Romans. D. All are correct. 16 "All of his friends laughed at him." What is its passive form? A. He was laughed at by all his friends. B. He was laughed by all his friends. C. He was laughed at by all of his friends. D. He was laughed by all of his friends. 17 Find out the passive form of "They painted the house red." A. The house is painted red by them. B. The house was red painted by them. C. The house was painted red by them. D. All are correct. 18 "He is gone." What is its passive form? A. He has gone. B. He goes. C. He will go. D. It has no passive form. 19 "He decided that the house should be sold." — find out its active form. A. He decided that he should sell the house. B. He decided that he better sell the house. C. He decided to sell the house. D. All are correct. 20"You cannot pump the ocean dry." What is its passive form? A. The ocean cannot be pumped by you dry. B. The ocean cannot be pumped by you dry. C. The ocean cannot be pumped dry by you. D. The ocean would not be pumped dry by you. Answers (Voice) [B] [C] [A] [C, D] [B] [C] [B] [B, C] [C] [A] [B, C] [C] [D] [B] [B] [B] [C] [D] [C] [C]

Change the Voice: Active: Parents marry the poor girls at a tender age. Active: People eat a large amount of food every day. Passive: A large amount of sugar damages our teeth. Passive: The roads of Dhaka city are not cleaned by the Municipal Corporation today. Active: People cut trees at random. Active: We/People do not care for street children properly. Active: We should take measures to prevent water pollution. Active: Villagers use wood as fuel in the villages. Active: The holy Ramadan gives Muslims an opportunity to reshape their life according to its teachings. Active: The month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman, and harmful activities. Active: Bangla Academy holds a cultural programme on the occasion. Active: Jacky Smith supervises the school assembly. Active: National dailies have brought out special supplements. Active: Students and teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts bring out a colourful procession from the institute premises. Active: Devonport High School offers an extensive range of extra-curricular activities. Active: Our English teacher runs the Debating Club. Active: The government gives free medical treatment to retired persons. Active: Shopkeepers offer sweets to the clients. Active: Our teachers help us in many ways. Active: Traders open fresh account books. Active: Different socio-cultural organizations have drawn up elaborate programmes to celebrate the day. Active: The fascinating animals of the Night Safari take away Neela's breath. Active: The astronauts explored the surface of the moon and gathered moon rocks. Passive: The astronauts will always be remembered by people. Active: The hunters mercilessly hunt birds. Active: People throw garbage on city streets indiscriminately. Active: We can get a healthy balance of nutrients from fresh homemade foods. Active: Everyday people drink a large number of soft drinks. Active: Feroza looks at the written and printed things with curiosity. Passive: The committee gave a registered card of Grameen Bank to each member. Active: The Chinese first invented paper in China. Active: People pollute water in various ways. Active: A snatcher snatched Neela's bag. Active: The people of Grameen Bank offered Feroza the responsibility of teaching the children. Passive: Nella could see the tigers and hyenas rejoicing in a kill. Passive: Neela tasted a number of different items. Passive: Nella looked at the stranger nervously. Active: The authority evicted the slum dwellers. Active: People take tea to remove tiredness. Active: The Kaji recites verses from the holy Quran during a marriage ceremony. Passive: Readers showed much interest in the contents of the book. Passive: Nothing is known about the tremendous development of science by illiterate people. Active: The host entertains the guests at a bridal party. Active: People put on warm clothes in winter. Active: People use more and more land for human settlement. Active: People celebrate Pahela Baishakh with traditional activities across the country. Active: Farmers spread manure on the ploughed lands to grow more crops. Active: Farmers cultivate land at the outset of the rain. Active: People pollute water in many ways. Passive: Students arrange debate competitions among themselves. Active: The painter did not paint the house. Active: The hunters ruthlessly kill wild animals. Passive: Neela saw a night market going on in China Town. Passive: Grameen Bank grants loans to landless poor people. Passive: The loan that Feroza took could be repaid by her. Passive: Luthfur collects polythene bags, scrap paper, and other materials. Active: He usually takes his meal at home. Passive: Feroza husked four maunds of paddy every week. Passive: Feroza needed reading and writing to improve her condition. Passive: Feroza took all the insults inflicted upon her. Passive: The money he earns is given to his mother by him. Passive: Luthfur takes his bath in a creek near his home. Active: We decorate a beautiful Christmas tree on the eve of Christmas. Passive: The turkey is going to be prepared by Father. Passive: The Lunar Module was landed in the moon's sea of tranquillity by the astronauts. Passive: Latif told Hamid about the computer. Passive: The speakers liked bharta and fried savouries. Passive: A number of weekends have been spent outside Dhaka away from pollution by the speaker. Passive: Neela's nostrils were tickled by the smell of the appetizing Chinese food. Passive: Neela enjoys the colour, chaos, and the crowds. Passive: Activities would be conducted with the Bank through the chairperson by members. Passive: Women are given a better opportunity to take care of both home and career by teaching. Passive: Classes are taken, and students' test and exam scripts are checked by a teacher. Active: The Christians buy and exchange many presents to mark Christmas. Passive: A beautiful Christmas cake has been made for tomorrow by Sarah. Passive: Teachers have studied the latest findings in the field of teaching. Passive: Aziz is going to tell Anwar about some basic things regarding a computer. Active: We can make different things by clicking on the icons with the mouse. Passive: Feroza cherishes a dream of reading and writing. Active: Parents do not send the poor girls to school. Passive: Very few people realize the amount of hard work of a teacher. Active: The garments owners do not provide the garments workers with modern amenities of life. Active: The authority does not give due punishment to the poor. Passive: Computer classes are going to be started very soon by Anwar's school. Passive: It is hoped by Aziz that Anwar will enjoy his computer classes. Passive: The students are behaved well by the teachers. Passive: Enough money could never be earned by Feroza to feed her children. Active: The police could not find out the snatcher. Active: The producer produces junk food for its pungent taste. Passive: Junk food contains added chemicals. Passive: Junk food also contains a lot of fat. Active: The teacher gives the students training on the English language. Active: People cut down trees for fuel. Active: The Muslims observe Eid-ul-Fitr with due religious fervour and solemnity. Active: Dan wants a big lorry from Father on the occasion of Christmas. Passive: Other women were persuaded by Feroza to form a committee of 5-6 members. Passive: The chairperson would hold meetings of members once a week. Passive: A loan of three thousand taka was taken by Feroza. Passive: Solvency and security have been achieved by Feroza. Passive: The mobility of a poor girl is restricted by financial hardship and early marriage. Active: The Bank does not grant bank loans on easy terms to the poor. Passive: The cows are looked after, clothes are washed, and paddy is husked by Feroza in her in-law's house. Passive: Ripe paddy is reaped in the fields by Feroza. Active: Women/We make fire to cook food. Passive: The husked rice was sold in the market by her. Passive: The thudding of her dheki could be heard late at night by people. Active: The garments owners do not equip the garment factories with modern facilities. Passive: Feroza was found to be a very hardworking and responsible loanee by the bank. Passive: The amount she asked for was granted by the bank. Active: People melt tar for construction purposes. Passive: Latif is going to tell Hamid how to use the Internet. Passive: A number of photographs were taken by Neela. Passive: The warm evenings were enjoyed by the family. Passive: Different books can be borrowed from the library by the students. Passive: The teacher assigned homework to the students. Active: He wrote a beautiful letter to his mother. Active: The children sing carols during the festive season. Active: The people of Bangladesh celebrate Pahela Baishakh every year. Active: They bring various kinds of food to the fair. Passive: The festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm by the people. Answer Passive: The poor girls are married by parents at a tender age. Passive: A large amount of food is eaten by people every day. Active: Sugar damages our teeth. Active: The Municipal Corporation cleans the roads of Dhaka city today. Passive: Trees are cut at random by people. Passive: Street children are not cared for properly by us/people. Passive: Measures should be taken by us to prevent water pollution. Passive: Wood is used as fuel in the villages by villagers. Passive: An opportunity to reshape their life according to its teachings is given to Muslims by the holy Ramadan. Passive: All wrong, inhuman, and harmful activities are prohibited by the month-long fasting. Passive: A cultural programme is held by Bangla Academy on the occasion. Passive: The school assembly is supervised by Jacky Smith. Passive: Special supplements have been brought out by national dailies. Passive: A colourful procession is brought out from the institute premises by the students and teachers of the Institute of Fine Arts. Passive: An extensive range of extra-curricular activities is offered by Devonport High School. Passive: The Debating Club is run by our English teacher. Passive: Free medical treatment is given to retired persons by the government. Passive: Sweets are offered to the clients by shopkeepers. Passive: We are helped in many ways by our teachers. Active: Fresh account books are opened by traders. Active: Different socio-cultural organizations draw up elaborate programmes to celebrate the day. Active: Neela's breath is taken away by the fascinating animals of the Night Safari. Active: The surface of the moon was explored and moon rocks were gathered by the astronauts. Active: People will always remember the astronauts. Passive: Birds are ruthlessly hunted by the hunters. Passive: Garbage is thrown on city streets indiscriminately by people. Passive: A healthy balance of nutrients can be gotten from fresh homemade foods by us. Passive: A large number of soft drinks are drunk by people every day. Active: The written and printed things are looked at with curiosity by Feroza. Active: Each member was given a registered card of Grameen Bank by the committee. Active: Paper was first invented by the Chinese. Active: Water is polluted in various ways by people. Active: Neela's bag was snatched by a snatcher. Passive: The responsibility of teaching the children was offered to Feroza by the people of Grameen Bank. Active: A night market was seen by Nella going on in China Town. Active: Neela tasted a number of different items. Active: The stranger was looked at nervously by Nella. Active: The slum dwellers were evicted by the authority. Active: Tea is taken to remove tiredness by people. Active: Verses from the holy Quran are recited during a marriage ceremony by the Kaji. Active: The contents of the book showed much interest to readers. Active: The tremendous development of science by illiterate people is not known. Active: The guests at a bridal party are entertained by the host. Active: Warm clothes are put on by people in winter. Active: More and more land is used for human settlement by people. Active: Pahela Baishakh is celebrated with traditional activities across the country by people. Active: Manure is spread on the ploughed lands to grow more crops by farmers. Active: Land is cultivated at the outset of the rain by farmers. Active: Water is polluted in many ways by people. Active: Debate competitions are arranged among themselves by the students. Active: The house was not painted by the painter. Active: Wild animals are ruthlessly killed by the hunters. Active: Neela saw a night market going on in China Town. Active: Loans are granted to landless poor people by Grameen Bank. Active: The loan that Feroza took was repaid by her. Active: Polythene bags, scrap paper, and other materials are collected by Luthfur. Passive: His meal is usually taken at home by him. Active: Four maunds of paddy were husked every week by Feroza. Active: Reading and writing were needed by Feroza to improve her condition. Active: All the insults inflicted upon her were taken by Feroza. Active: The money he earns is given to his mother by him. Passive: His bath is taken in a creek near his home by Luthfur. Passive: A beautiful Christmas tree is decorated by us on the eve of Christmas. Active: Father is going to prepare the turkey for tomorrow. Active: The Lunar Module landed in the moon's sea of tranquillity by the astronauts. Active: Hamid is told about the computer by Aziz. Active: Bharta and fried savouries were liked by the speakers. Active: A number of weekends outside Dhaka away from pollution were spent by the speaker. Active: The smell of the appetizing Chinese food tickled Neela's nostrils. Active: The colour, chaos, and the crowds are enjoyed by Neela. Active: Members will conduct activities with the Bank through the chairperson. Active: Women are given a better opportunity to take care of both home and career by teaching. Active: A teacher checks students' test and exam scripts. Passive: Many presents are bought and exchanged by the Christians to mark Christmas. Active: Sarah has made a beautiful Christmas cake for tomorrow. Active: The latest findings in the field of teaching have been studied by teachers. Active: Anwar is going to be told about some basic things regarding a computer by Aziz. Passive: Different things can be made by us by clicking on the icons with the mouse. Active: A dream of reading and writing is cherished by Feroza. Passive: The poor girls are not sent to school by parents. Active: The amount of hard work of a teacher is realized by very few people. Active: The garments factories are not equipped with modern amenities of life by the garments owners. Active: Due punishment is not given to the poor by the authority. Active: Computer classes are going to be started very soon by Anwar's school. Active: Aziz hopes that Anwar will enjoy his computer classes. Active: The students behave well with the teachers. Active: Feroza could never earn enough money to feed her children. Passive: The snatcher could not be found by the police. Active: Junk food is produced by the producer for its pungent taste. Active: Chemicals are added to junk food. Active: A lot of fat is also contained in junk food. Active: Homework is assigned to the students by the teacher. Passive: Trees are cut down for fuel by people. Passive: Eid-ul-Fitr is observed with due religious fervour and solemnity by the Muslims. Active: A big lorry is wanted by Dan from Father on the occasion of Christmas. Active: Feroza persuaded other women to form a committee of 5-6 members. Active: The chairperson holds meetings of members once a week. Active: Feroza took a loan of three thousand taka. Active: Feroza achieved solvency and security. Active: Financial hardship and early marriage restrict the mobility of a poor girl. Passive: Bank loans on easy terms are not granted to the poor by the Bank. Active: Feroza looks after the cows, washes clothes, and husks paddy in her in-law's house. Active: Farmers reap ripe paddy in the fields. Passive: Fire is made by women to cook food. Active: She sold the husked rice in the market. Active: The thudding of her dheki could be heard late at night by people. Active: The garment factories are not equipped with modern facilities by the garments owners. Active: Feroza was found to be a very hardworking and responsible loanee by the authority. Passive: The charge of teaching children was taken by Feroza. Passive: By people, junk food is often consumed in restaurants. Active: I will go to Chittagong. Active: Feroza shared her experiences with others. Passive: A lot of food is eaten by the family. Passive: Different books can be borrowed from the library by the students. Passive: Homework was assigned by the teacher to the students. Passive: A beautiful letter was written by him to his mother. Passive: Carols are sung by the children during the festive season. Passive: Pahela Baishakh is celebrated every year by the people of Bangladesh. Passive: Various kinds of food are brought to the fair by them. Active: The people celebrate the festival with great enthusiasm.

Pronoun Reference Board Question Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination -2019 all Board Questions Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear. 1.      Question :   Autism is a physical disorder of the brain who causes a lifelong developmental disability. Unfortunately, a number of boys and girls become victim of it after their birth. Children with autism vary widely in their activities, abilities, behaviors etc. and the symptoms may appear differently in him. The sorrows and sufferings of the parents of those know no bounds. Though the autistic children are quite different in activities from the normal children, they should not be neglected. Rather, we have a great responsibility towards them. (DB ’19] 2.      Question:  Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas her sister, Salma reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw because it is five kilometers away from his home. Today, she is going to school with her father because her brother, Salam is sick. He is taking medicine and bed rest. [RB ’19, ’16 ; Chuadanga Govt. College, Chuadanga-2018] 3.      Question  :   Both educated and uneducated women are at present as important as men in our society. She constitutes nearly half of our total population. No country can make real progress keeping half of it in darkness. Without the upliftment of our women, it is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to her in order that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programmes. (JB ’19) 4.      Question  :   Women are now-a-days as important as men in society. She constitutes nearly half of the total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of it in the dark. Without the improvement of the women’s status, it is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So, proper education should be given to her so that they can work hand in hand with them in all development programmes. ( CB ’19; CB’16 ; BB ’16; Dhaka College, Dhaka-2018; Rajshahi Cadet College-2017; Dhaka Imperial College, Dhaka-2017] 5.      Question  :   Do you know the importance of trees? They are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without it. We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which it absorb. Besides, we get food from trees and firewood to cook it. But some irresponsible people cut down trees indiscriminately. It should be brought to light. Furthermore, one should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth. (CtgB ’19 ; Shariatpur Govt. College, Shariatpur-2018; Joypurhat Gout. Women’s College-2017; Holy Cross College, Dhaka-2016; Sunamganj Govt. College-2016] 6.      Question  :   Robin hates people who are mean to animals. Last afternoon, as he was walking home from work, he saw some boys throwing stones at an old lame dog. Immediately, he rushed to help the animal. “Stop it”! he shouted as he ran towards the unruly boys, “Leave him alone!” Startled by the big man’s shouts, they ran away. One of them jeered at him while running away. Robin, however, was totally unmoved by the jeering. He was happy that he could save it. Robin has always felt some affection for animals. Once he even went to the police station to complain about a neighbour who threw a cat out of the window. Instead of taking any action, they laughed at him and advised him not to worry about such ‘petty’ matters. [SB ’19] 7.      Question  :   Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty which brings happiness in life. Without it, none can dream of a great life. These who were great in their lifetime were honest. They worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. His contributions to this world are unforgettable. So if you want themselves to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is no shortcut way to a great life. (BB ’19;  Rangpur Cadet College, Rangpur-2018; Blue Bird High School & College, Sylhet-2018; Ideal College, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-2017; Major General Mahmudul Hasan Adarsha College, Tangail-2016; Qadirabad Cantt. Sapper College, Natore-2016] 8.      Question  :   The Liberation War of Bangladesh is a memorable event in our national life. She achieved her independence through sacrifice and bloodshed. It is the birthright of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bangalees. But we were not cowards. They built up strong resistance against them. They fought with courage for long nine months. After nine months’ bloody war and sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16th December 1971. Now we remember them with great respect. (DjB ’19 ; Cantt. Public School & College, Momenshahi-2018; Dhaka College, Dhaka-2017; Cantt. Public School & Collège; Momenshahi-2017] HSC Examination -2019 all Board Questions with Answer Question 1. Answer: Autism is a physical disorder of the brain that/ which  causes a lifelong developmental disability. Unfortunately, a number of boys and girls become victim of autism  after their birth. Children with autism vary widely in their activities, -abilities, behaviours etc. and the symptoms may appear differently in them.  The sorrows and sufferings of the parents of those autistic children  know no bounds. Though the autistic children are quite different in activities from the normal children, they should not be neglected. Rather, we have a great responsibility towards these children. Question 2. Answer: Salam and Salma are siblings. They read in a local primary school. Salam is in class five whereas his sister Salma reads in class three. They go to school together. Sometimes they take rickshaw because their school  is five kilometres away from their  home. Today, Salma  is going to school with their  father because her brother, Salam is sick. He is taking medicine and bed rest.   Question 3.  Answer: Both educated and uneducated women are at present as important as men in our society. Women  constitute nearly half of our total population. No country can make real progress keeping half of its population  in darkness. Without the upliftment of our women, real progress  is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So proper education should be given to womenfolk/ them  in order that they can work hand in hand with men in all development programmes. Question 4.  Answer: Women are now-a-days as important as men in society. They  constitute nearly half of the total population. No nation can make real progress keeping half of its population  in the dark Without the improvement of the women's status, real progress  is not at all possible. Again, without education, women cannot be uplifted. So, proper education should be given to them/ womenfolk  so that they can work hand in hand with men in all development programmes.   Question 5. Answer: Do you know the importance of trees? They are our best friends. Our existence on earth will be at stake without trees.  We inhale oxygen which trees produce. Again, we exhale carbon dioxide which trees  absorb. Besides, we get food from trees and firewood to cook food . But some irresponsible people cut down trees indiscriminately. They  should be brought to light. Furthermore, we should take keen interest to plant more trees so that we can live comfortably on earth. Question 6. Answer: Robin hates people who are mean to animals. Yesterday  afternoon, as he was walking home from work, he saw some boys throwing stones at an old lame dog. Immediately, he rushed to help the animal. "Stop it!" he shouted as he ran towards the unruly boys, "Leave it alone!" Startled by the big man's shouts, the boys  ran away. One of them jeered at Robin  while running away. Robin, however, was totally unmoved by the jeering. He was happy that he could save it. Robin has always felt some affection for animals. Once he even went to the police station to complain about a neighbour who threw a cat out of the window. Instead of taking any action, the police  laughed at him and advised him not to worry about such 'petty' matters. Question 7. Answer: Honesty is the best policy. It is honesty which brings happiness in life. Without honesty , none can dream of a great life. Those  who were great in their lifetime were honest. The great people  worked with sincerity, lived earnestly and died with honour. Their  contributions to this world are unforgettable. So, if you want yourself  to be in their league, be honest. Remember, there is short-cut to a great life. Question 8. Answer: The Liberation War of Bangladesh is a memorable event in our national life. Bangladesh achieved her independence through sacrifice and blood-shed. Independence  is the birthright of a man. On the night of March 25, 1971, the Pakistan army fell upon the unarmed sleeping Bangalees.  But the Bangalees were not cowards. They built up strong resistance against the Pakistani army.  They fought with courage for long nine months. After nine months' bloody war and the sacrifice of the freedom fighters, the red sun of independence rose in our soil on the 16th December 1971. Now we remember the freedom fighters  with great respect.

Pronoun Reference Board Question Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination -2018 all Board Questions Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear. 1.     Question  :   There lived a man in a village which had a great attraction to English. He went to a teacher in order to learn English well though he was dull-headed. He tried his best to teach him but the man learnt only three English words-yes, no and very good. Though the man did not know the meaning of it, he used them frequently in his conversation. He did not understand that a little learning is a dangerous thing and very soon he would be a victim of it. [ Combined Board ’18  (Code-184); Noakhali Govt. Women’s College-2018; BEPZA Public School & College, Chattogram-2018] 2.  Question  :   The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. One thought that in that world, people still would need many things he had on earth. Their kings had many wonderful treasures. They loved and respected them very much. So, they buried them with dead kings. ( Combined Board ’18  (Code-185); Carmichael College, Rangpur-2018; Bogura Cantt. Public School & College, Bogura-2017; ; Chattogram Govt. Women’s College, Chattogram-2015) HSC Examination -2017all Board Questions 1.  Question  :   Travelling is a part of education. These means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. Thus gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This limits his vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, my knowledge may be enriched. [DB’17; CB’17; DJB’16;  Govt. Pioneer Mohila College, Khulna-2018; Govt. B.L College, Khulna-2017; BAF Shaheen College, Jashore-2017] 2.  Question  :   Education is the birthright of every man. But even then many people in our country are deprived of this for many reasons. They are unconscious and unskilled for want of it. For this, they are unable not only to develop their own fate or their family, but also unable to play any role for the development of society or the state. If the people are not properly educated, that is not possible. So, the more we can educate our people, the more the country will be developed. With a view to developing human resource, the government has given many benefits in the field of expanding the primary and secondary education. We must ensure these for every child of the country.  [RB’17;  Govt. Jaheda Safir Women’s College, Jamalpur-2018;Feni Girls’ Cadet College, Feni-2017;] 3.  Question 13.   Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call them. Regarding it, Nadine Gordimer said, “He is at the epicenter of his time, our in South Africa and your, wherever you are.” (JB ’17 ; Dhaka Commerce College, Mirpur, Dhaka-2018; Palash Thana Central College, Narsingdi-2018: Cumilla Govt. College, Cumilla-2018;) 4.  Question  :   A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. He said to him, “Look, my friend, I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress.” He was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. He said to himself, “One thousand taka is a lot of money.” He could not think where to keep the money. He did not find any safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept it there. (CtgB’17 ; Islamia Govt. College, Sirajgarj-2018; Gazipur Cantonment College, Gazipur-2017) 5.  Question  :   Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. They are our best friends. They introduce them to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. These are having an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through it. They make the noble men alive in the world for ever. [SB’17; Uttara High School & College, Dhaka-2018; Narayanganj Govt. Mohila College, Narayanganj-2018; Dinajpur Govt. Women’s College, Dinajpur-2018) 6.  Question  :   Teaching is a profession who is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because you like working withchildren. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from it. He wants me to look after their farms instead. But this does not inspire me much. [BB’17;  Narail Govt. Mohila College, Narail-2018; Chattogram City Corporation Inter College, Chattogram-2018; Mymensingh Girls’ Cadet College, Mymensingh-2017; Tejgaon College, Tejgaon, Dhaka] 7.  Question  :   Sunlight is the source of all energy of the earth. All the living beings are dependent upon this. Greenplants are the producers of the ecosystem. All plants and animals of it are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these. The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This is called the food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chains in an ecosystem. Food chain does not work in isolation. These are linked together to form a food web. (DjB ’17;  Abdul Kadir Mollah City College, Narsingdi-2018; Govt. M.M. City College, Khulna-2018; Ispahani Public School & College, Cumilla Cantt. -2017; B.Baria Govt. College, Brahmanbaria-2017] Key HSC Examination -2018 all Board Questions with Answer Question 1. Answer :  There lived a man in a village who had a great attraction to English. The man  went to a teacher in order to learn English well though he was dull-headed. The teacher  tried his best to teach him but the man learnt only three English words-yes, no and very good. Though the man did not know the meaning of these words, he used them frequently in his conversation. The man  did not understand that a little learning is a dangerous thing and very soon he would be a victim of it. Question 2.Answer: The Egyptians believed that after death, people would go to another world. The Egyptians/ They  thought that in that world, people still would need many things they  had on earth. Their kings had many wonderful treasures. The Egyptians / The people  loved and respected their kings  very much. So, they buried their treasures  with dead kings. HSC Examination -2017 all Board Questions with Answer Question 1. Answer:  Travelling is a part of education. This/ It  means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. It/ This  gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to travelling. This aversion  limits their/ people's  vision. However, by travelling different parts of the world, one's/ our  knowledge may be enriched. Question 2. Answer:  Education is the birthright of every man. But even then many people in our country are deprived of education, this right  for many reasons. They are unconscious and unskilled for want of education. For this  unconsciousness and unskilledness,  they are unable not only to develop their own fate or their family, but also unable to play any role for the development of society or the state. If the people are not properly educated, the development of society or the state  is not possible. So, the more we can educate our people, the more the country will be developed. With a view to developing human resource, the government has given many incentives in the field of expanding the primary and secondary education. We must ensure these incentives  for every child of the country. Question3. Answer: Mandela left public life in June 2004 telling his adoring countrymen not to call him. Regarding him, Nadine Gordimer said, 'Mandela  is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa and yours,  wherever you are." Question 4. Answer: A rich man went to a farmer with one thousand taka in a bag. The rich man  said to the farmer,  "Look, my friend, I have brought one thousand taka for you. Keep this money and remove your distress." The farmer  was surprised. He took the bag from the rich man and thanked him. The farmer said to himself "One thousand taka is a lot of money." He could not think where to keep the money.  He did not find any safe place. He dug a hole in his hut and kept the money  there. Question 15. Answer: Books are the medium through which human beings talk with enlightened minds, the great men of the world. Books  are our best friends. They  introduce us to the life and the world. Books are the mirrors of past, present and even future. They  are hang an active voice. We know about the thoughts and deeds of our ancestors through books. Books  make the noble men alive in the world for ever. Question 6.Answer: Teaching is a profession which  is full of challenge. I want to be a teacher because I like working with children. But my father argues that one cannot make much money from teaching.  He wants me to look after his farms instead. But looking after father's farms/ the idea  does not inspire me much. Question 7. Answer: Sunlight is the source of all energy of the earth. All the living beings are dependent upon the sunlight.  Green plants are the producers of the ecosystem. All plants and animals of the ecosystem  are interconnected serially. Consequently, there develops a food chain among these plants ar animals.  The transfer of food energy takes place from producers through a series of food levels. This transfer of food energy  is called the food chain in the ecosystem. There are numerous food chains in an ecosystem. Food chain does not work in isolation. These food chains  are linked together to form a food web.

HSC All Board Question-2019 1.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below [DB-2019] After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the first human being to travel to outer  space in 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. Proletarian  Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Since the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova began preparing for her own flight. On 16 June 1963, she was dressed in space-suits and taken to the space shuttle launch pad by a bus. After completing her communication and life support checks, she was sealed inside Vostok-6. Finishing a two-hour countdown, Vostok-6 launched faultlessly . Although Tereshkova experienced nausea  and physical discomfort  for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. She also maintained  a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later  used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere.   (a) outer (antonym); (b) proletarian (synonym); (c) launch (synonym); (d) prepare (synonym); (e) began (antonym); (f) faultless (antonym); (g) nausea (synonym); (h) discomfort (antonym); (i) maintain (synonym); (j) later (antonym). 2.   Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below [CB-2019] Modem education is somewhat different  from the past. In method, it seeks  to draw out and improve the mind to make it eager  and curious. It depends more on observation than mere  bookish knowledge. A mind that is intellectually alert will learn from books. It develops the latent  talent of any individual. Teachers play vital role in teaching the students. They aren't just instructors . Rather, they support and guide  students so that the students can succeed in their way of life. (a) different (Synonym); (b) seek (Synonym); (c) eager (Antonym); (d) observation (Synonym); (e) mere (Antonym); (f) alert (Synonym); (g) latent (Antonym); (h) instructor (Synonym); (i) guide (Antonym); (j) way (Synonym). 3.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:—  [RB-2019] Human life is dynamic . Everyone, therefore, must have a plan  to do something or to be something in life. And that is one's aim  in life. A man without an aim has no direction and can never go ahead as expected. So everyone should choose a profession  which suits  him most. The choice of profession depends on one’s taste, interest, aptitude and ability. These vary  from person to person. Teaching is a noble profession. The teachers are nation-builders. They educate  the children and train them to become good and useful citizen  in future. (a) dynamic (antonym); (b) plan (antonym);  (c) aim (synonym); (d) direction (synonym); (e) profession (synonym); (f) suit (antonym); (g) aptitude (antonym); (h) vary (synonym); (i) educate (synonym); (j) citizen (antonym). 4.   Read the passage and write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :  [DjB-2019] An ideal  teacher knows the art of teaching. He is the master  of his subject. He makes  his lessons interesting. His method  of teaching is convincing  and inspiring. An ideal teacher treats his students like his own children. He praises the good work done by them. If a student does some mistakes, he is never harsh to him. He tactfully makes his student realize his mistake . An ideal teacher is never angry  with his students. He believes in simple  living and high thinking. He never sets a wrong example before his students. He has high moral  values. (a) ideal (synonym) (b) master (synonym) (c) make (antonym) (d) method (synonym) (e) convincing (antonym) (f) praise (antonym) (g) mistake (synonym) (h) angry (antonym) (i) simple (antonym) (j) moral (synonym) . 5.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the underlined words as directed below [JB-2019] Courtesy is a virtu e in a man. It goes without saying that courtesy costs us nothing but gives a lot . So, you should be ' courteous . You must have politeness. People will disrespect and dislike you if you are discourteous. Nobody likes discourtesy . Try to be gentle from your student life. You can win  the heart of your enemy by being courteous. You can ensure  removal of hatred and anger  by embracing your enemy. Courtesy can remove  the bitter relationship and improve mutual understanding and cordiality  among people. (a) virtue (Synonym); (b) a lot (Synonym); (c) courteous (Antonym); (d) discourtesy (Synonym); (e) Win (Antonym); (f) enemy (Synonym); (g) ensure (Synonym); (h) anger (Antonym); (i) remove (Synonym); (j) cordiality (Antonym). 6.   Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:      [CtgB-2019] Children are our best assets. They always like to listen to fascinating  stories. But if the stories are uninteresting, they lose interest . There should not be anything immoral  in the stories for children. Again, stories should not be so long that they can make children impatient.  Stories should not even contain anything illogical  or anything that can make children indifferent to their studies. The stories should be instructive  leading the children to be perfect  morally and ethically . Parents and teachers can play a vital role here in guiding the children what to choose and what not. (a) fascinating (antonym); (b) interest (synonym); (c) impatient (antonym); (d) immoral (synonym); (e) contain (synonym); (f) illogical (antonym); (g) indifferent (synonym); (h) perfect (antonym); (i) instructive (synonym); (j) ethical (antonym).  ' 7.   Read the text and give the synonyms/antonyms of the underlined words as per instruction given below the text: [SB-2019] Rima is a good-looking  young woman. Her large, dark  eyes are beautiful. Her complexion is flawless , and she has got a lovely big smile. Her long, black hair is full and shiny. She is tall and slender,  and her movement is graceful.  And she always dresses stylishly. Everybody appreciates  her beauty7. But Rima worries that people do not notice her talents and hard  work. She wants people to know that a woman can have beauty, ambition  and a bit of intelligence too. (a) good-looking (synonym); (b) dark (synonym); (c) flawless (synonym); (d) shiny (antonym); (e) slender (antonym); (f) graceful (synonym); (g) stylishly (antonym); (h) appreciate (antonym); (i) notice (antonym); (j) ambition (synonym). 8.   Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :      [ВВ-20І9] In Bangladesh, students require  to read English for about ten years. But the level of proficiency  they reach is very low. No wonder  that most of them fail in their English tests. People taking the Civil Service Examination are also tested  on their knowledge of English, but the results are equally disappointing  although almost all the candidates have presumably  master degree in various disciplines. Even those who pass or qualify  are hardly able to write a free composition in acceptable English. Obviously  there is something seriously wrong with the teaching and learning of English in Bangladesh.   . (a) require (synonym); (b) proficiency (antonym); (c) wonder (Synonym); (d) tested (synonym); (e) equally (antonym); (f) disappointing (synonym); (g) presumably (antonym); (h) qualify (antonym); (i) obviously (antonym); (j) wrong (synonym). HSC All Board Question-2018 1.    Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below : [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set)] Books are the unique  medium through which we contact mighty  minds of ages. Books tell us about their feelings, what they said and what they did. Books are one of the greatest friends to us. They introduce us the best humanity . They are reliable records of the history. A book is a valuable  living voice. We can know about the thoughts and rituals of past men through books. We should read good books and avoid worthless  ones. A good book is a friend of ' loneliness and a nurse in ailment . We can find real happiness  by reading good books. (a) unique (antonym) (b) mighty (antonym) (c) humanity (synonym) (d) reliable (antonym) (e) valuable (antonym) (f) ritual (synonym) (g) worthless (synonym) (h) loneliness (synonym) (i) ailment (synonym) (j) happiness (antonym). 2.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:  [HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); RB-2016] Books are men’s best friends  in life. You may have many good friends but you do not find them when you need them. They may not always come to you with sympathy . Some may prove true or some may prove false  and do you much harm . But books are always ready to be your side. Some books will make you laugh , some others will give you much pleasure . Again, some books will bring new knowledge and ideas . They are ever friends throughout your life. (a)   friend (antonym); (b) need (antonym); (c) sympathy (synonym); (d) prove (synonym); (e) false (antonym); (f) harm (antonym); (g) laugh (antonym); (h) pleasure (synonym); (i) bring (synonym); (j) idea (synonym). HSC All Board Question-2019 with Answer 1.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :                                                                                                                                  [DB-2019] After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the first human being to travel to outer  space in 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. Proletarian  Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Since the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova began preparing for her own flight. On 16 June 1963, she was dressed in space-suits and taken to the space shuttle launch pad by a bus. After completing her communication and life support checks, she was sealed inside Vostok-6. Finishing a two-hour countdown, Vostok-6 launched faultlessly . Although Tereshkova experienced nausea  and physical discomfort  for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. She also maintained  a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later  used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere.   (a) outer (antonym); (b) proletarian (synonym); (c) launch (synonym); (d) prepare (synonym); (e) began (antonym); (f) faultless (antonym); (g) nausea (synonym); (h) discomfort (antonym); (i) maintain (synonym); (j) later (antonym). Answer: 1.    (a)inner; (b) working-class/ amateur/ simple/ordinary (c) take off/initiation; (d) plan; (e) ended/completed; (f) faulty; (g) sickness; (h) comfort; (i} keep; (j) earlier. 2.   Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :                                                                                                                                  [CB-2019] Modem education is somewhat different  from the past. In method, it seeks  to draw out and improve the mind to make it eager  and curious. It depends more on observation than mere  bookish knowledge. A mind that is intellectually alert will learn from books. It develops the latent  talent of any individual. Teachers play vital role in teaching the students. They aren't just instructors . Rather, they support and guide  students so that the students can succeed in their way of life. (a) different (Synonym); (b) seek (Synonym); (c) eager (Antonym); (d) observation (Synonym); (e) mere (Antonym); (f) alert (Synonym); (g) latent (Antonym); (h) instructor (Synonym); (i) guide (Antonym); (j) way (Synonym). Answer: 1.    (a)dissimilar/unalike; (b) attempt/try/endeavour; (c) apathetic/ uninterested; (d) examination/ consideration; (e) immense/great/huge; (f), vigilant/ watchful/ observant; (g) manifest/obvious/active; (h) trainer/guide/advisor; (i) misguide/mislead;. (j) lifestyle/path/course 3 .   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:—  [RB-2019] Human life is dynamic . Everyone, therefore, must have a plan  to do something or to be something in life. And that is one's aim  in life. A man without an aim has no direction and can never go ahead as expected. So everyone should choose a profession  which suits  him most. The choice of profession depends on one’s taste, interest, aptitude and ability. These vary  from person to person. Teaching is a noble profession. The teachers are nation-builders. They educate  the children and train them to become good and useful citizen  in future. (a) dynamic (antonym); (b) plan (antonym);  (c) aim (synonym); (d) direction (synonym); (e) profession (synonym); (f) suit (antonym); (g) aptitude (antonym); (h) vary (synonym); (i) educate (synonym); (j) citizen (antonym). Answer: 1.    (a) static/inactive/idlet1ethargic; (b) disorder/ venture; (c)goal/objective; (d) target; e) business/ occupation;(f) mismatch; {g) incapability /incapacity; (h) differ; (i) instruct/teach; (j) foreigner /immigrant. 4.   Read the passage and write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :  [DjB-2019] An ideal  teacher knows the art of teaching. He is the master  of his subject. He makes  his lessons interesting. His method  of teaching is convincing  and inspiring. An ideal teacher treats his students like his own children. He praises the good work done by them. If a student does some mistakes, he is never harsh to him. He tactfully makes his student realize his mistake . An ideal teacher is never angry  with his students. He believes in simple  living and high thinking. He never sets a wrong example before his students. He has high moral  values. (a) ideal (synonym) (b) master (synonym) (c) make (antonym) (d) method (synonym) (e) convincing (antonym) (f) praise (antonym) (g) mistake (synonym) (h) angry (antonym) (i) simple (antonym) (j) moral (synonym) . Answer: 1.     (a)good; (b) expert; (c) destroy/repeal; (d) way/ system; (e) unconvincing; (f) criticize/humiliate; (g) error/fault/ blunder; (h) calm/pleased; (i) luxurious; (j) ethical. 5 .   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the underlined words as directed below :                                                                                                                                  [JB-2019] Courtesy is a virtu e in a man. It goes without saying that courtesy costs us nothing but gives a lot . So, you should be ' courteous . You must have politeness. People will disrespect and dislike you if you are discourteous. Nobody likes discourtesy . Try to be gentle from your student life. You can win  the heart of your enemy by being courteous. You can ensure  removal of hatred and anger  by embracing your enemy. Courtesy can remove  the bitter relationship and improve mutual understanding and cordiality  among people. (a) virtue (Synonym); (b) a lot (Synonym); (c) courteous (Antonym); (d) discourtesy (Synonym); (e) Win (Antonym); (f) enemy (Synonym); (g) ensure (Synonym); (h) anger (Antonym); (i) remove (Synonym); (j) cordiality (Antonym). (a)goodness/morality/ quality; (b) plenty/much; (c) discourteous/ rude/ impolite; (d) rudeness/ impoliteness; (e) lose; (f) foe/rival/opponent; (g) make sure/ secure/guarantee/ confirm; (h) calmness/ pleasure/delight/satisfaction; (i) dispel; (j) hostility/ unfriendliness.          6.   Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:      [CtgB-2019] Children are our best assets. They always like to listen to fascinating  stories. But if the stories are uninteresting, they lose interest . There should not be anything immoral  in the stories for children. Again, stories should not be so long that they can make children impatient.  Stories should not even contain anything illogical  or anything that can make children indifferent to their studies. The stories should be instructive  leading the children to be perfect  morally and ethically . Parents and teachers can play a vital role here in guiding the children what to choose and what not. (a) fascinating (antonym); (b) interest (synonym); (c) impatient (antonym); (d) immoral (synonym); (e) contain (synonym); (f) illogical (antonym); (g) indifferent (synonym); (h) perfect (antonym); (i) instructive (synonym); (j) ethical (antonym).  ' Answer: 1.    (a) boring/ uninteresting/dull/tedious; (b) attraction/ curiosity; (c) patient/ tolerant; (d) corrupt/ indecent ;(e) include/have; (f) logical/ sensible; (g) inattentive/ callous; (h) imperfect / flawed; (i) educative/ instructional; (j) un9thical/ immoral. 7.   Read the text and give the synonyms/antonyms of the underlined words as per instruction given below the text: [SB-2019] Rima is a good-looking  young woman. Her large, dark  eyes are beautiful. Her complexion is flawless , and she has got a lovely big smile. Her long, black hair is full and shiny. She is tall and slender,  and her movement is graceful.  And she always dresses stylishly. Everybody appreciates  her beauty7. But Rima worries that people do not notice her talents and hard  work. She wants people to know that a woman can have beauty, ambition  and a bit of intelligence too. (a) good-looking (synonym); (b) dark (synonym); (c) flawless (synonym); (d) shiny (antonym); (e) slender (antonym); (f) graceful (synonym); (g) stylishly (antonym); (h) appreciate (antonym); (i) notice (antonym); (j) ambition (synonym). Answer: 1.    (a)beautiful/pretty; (b)- black; (c) impeccable/ perfect/unblemished; (d) matt/dull/murky; (e) obese; (f) elegant/ charming/gracious; (g) unfashionably; (h) criticize/humiliate/ignore/underestimate; (i) ignore/ neglect; (j) desire/zeal/aspiration. 8.   Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :      [ВВ-20І9] In Bangladesh, students require  to read English for about ten years. But the level of proficiency  they reach is very low. No wonder  that most of them fail in their English tests. People taking the Civil Service Examination are also tested  on their knowledge of English, but the results are equally disappointing  although almost all the candidates have presumably  master degree in various disciplines. Even those who pass or qualify  are hardly able to write a free composition in acceptable English. Obviously  there is something seriously wrong with the teaching and learning of English in Bangladesh.   . (a) require (synonym); (b) proficiency (antonym); (c) wonder (Synonym); (d) tested (synonym); (e) equally (antonym); (f) disappointing (synonym); (g) presumably (antonym); (h) qualify (antonym); (i) obviously (antonym); (j) wrong (synonym). Answer: 1.    (a)need; (b) incompetence; (c) surprise; (d) assessed/ evaluated; (e) unequally; (f) upsetting/ disheartening;(g) certainly/ obviously/ surely/ definitely; (h) disqualify; (i) presumably/ perhaps/ uncertainly; (j) incorrect/mistaken/error. HSC All Board Question-2018 with Answer 1.    Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below : [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set)] Books are the unique  medium through which we contact mighty  minds of ages. Books tell us about their feelings, what they said and what they did. Books are one of the greatest friends to us. They introduce us the best humanity . They are reliable  records of the history. A book is a valuable  living voice. We can know about the thoughts and rituals of past men through books. We should read good books and avoid worthless  ones. A good book is a friend of ' loneliness  and a nurse in ailment . We can find real happiness  by reading good books. (a) unique (antonym) (b) mighty (antonym) (c) humanity (synonym) (d) reliable (antonym) (e) valuable (antonym) (f) ritual (synonym) (g) worthless (synonym) (h) loneliness (synonym) (i) ailment (synonym) (j) happiness (antonym). Answer: 1.    (a) common/general/simple; (b) trifling/ordinary; (c) compassion/generosity/mercy; (d) unreliable; (e) cheap/inexpensive/ valueless; (t) ceremony/custom; (g) useless/ valueless/bad; (h) solitude/solitariness/ aloneness; (i) sickness/ disease; (j) sorrow/ unhappiness. 2.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:  [HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); RB-2016] Books are men’s best friends  in life. You may have many good friends but you do not find them when you need  them. They may not always come to you with sympathy . Some may prove true or some may prove false  and do you much harm . But books are always ready to be your side. Some books will make you laugh , some others will give you much pleasure . Again, some books will bring  new knowledge and ideas . They are ever friends throughout your life. (a)   friend (antonym); (b) need (antonym); (c) sympathy (synonym); (d) prove (synonym); (e) false (antonym); (f) harm (antonym); (g) laugh (antonym); (h) pleasure (synonym); (i) bring (synonym); (j) idea (synonym). Answer: 2.    (a)enemy/foe; (b) ignore/avoid; (c) compassion/ love; (d) appear/seem; (e) real/genuine; (f) help/ favour; (g)  cry; (h) joy/delight; (i) give/ provide/ convey/ carry; (j)views/concept.

HSC All Board Question-2018 1.    Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below : [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set)] Books are the unique  medium through which we contact mighty  minds of ages. Books tell us about their feelings, what they said and what they did. Books are one of the greatest friends to us. They introduce us the best humanity . They are reliable records of the history. A book is a valuable  living voice. We can know about the thoughts and rituals of past men through books. We should read good books and avoid worthless  ones. A good book is a friend of ' loneliness and a nurse in ailment . We can find real happiness  by reading good books. (a) unique (antonym) (b) mighty (antonym) (c) humanity (synonym) (d) reliable (antonym) (e) valuable (antonym) (f) ritual (synonym) (g) worthless (synonym) (h) loneliness (synonym) (i) ailment (synonym) (j) happiness (antonym). 2.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:  [HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); RB-2016] Books are men’s best friends  in life. You may have many good friends but you do not find them when you need them. They may not always come to you with sympathy . Some may prove true or some may prove false  and do you much harm . But books are always ready to be your side. Some books will make you laugh , some others will give you much pleasure . Again, some books will bring new knowledge and ideas . They are ever friends throughout your life. (a)   friend (antonym); (b) need (antonym); (c) sympathy (synonym); (d) prove (synonym); (e) false (antonym); (f) harm (antonym); (g) laugh (antonym); (h) pleasure (synonym); (i) bring (synonym); (j) idea (synonym). HSC All Board Question-2017 1.    Read the passage and write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :         [DB-2017] Sports are a popular form  of entertainment . Many international sporting events are organised  from time to time. Most of the events are sponsored  by multinational  manufacturing companies and business firms. They pay  for the sports events in exchange for the right to advertise their products during those events. These events are telecast worldwide by satellite and people all over the world watch  them five. As a result, the sponsor's products receive maximum  media coverage giving companies international recognition . This is the only commercial aspect of international sport but there are other aspects too. (a) popular (antonym); (b) form (synonym); (c) entertainment (synonym); (d) organize (synonym); (e) sponsor (synonym); (f) multinational (antonym); (g) pay (antonym); (h) watch (synonym); (i) maximum (antonym); (j) recognition (antonym). 2.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :    [CB-2017] There are many (a) people  who have a (b) conservative  outlook. Quite (c) early  in life they leam to (d) believe  that everything in this (e) world  was predetermined and (f) all  that happen to them was ordained by God. For this belief, the poor generally accept their (g) poverty  and all their sorrows and (h) sufferings  without trying much to (i) overcome them. They also have the (j) same  sort of attitude towards illness and disease. (a) people (synonym); (b) conservative (antonym); (c) early (antonym); (d) believe (synonym); (e) world (synonym); (f) all (antonym); (g) poverty (antonym); (h) sufferings (synonym); (i) overcome (synonym); (j) same (antonym). 3.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed:     [RB-2017] The process of globalization obviously requires a common language for international communication. For many different reasons, English has achieved the prestige  of being that language. As a result, it has crossed national  borders to reach people who speak other languages. It is no longer the unique  possession of British or American people, but a language that belongs to the world's people. In fact, bilingual and multilingual users of English far outnumber its monolingual native speakers. This phenomenon has led to a bewildering variety  of English around the world. As more and more people speak. English, more and more varieties have emerged  which are strongly influenced by the pronunciation, grammar and idioms of the respective mother-tongues. Word English has now moved away from the control  of the native speakers. However, the question of British or American English is not so important now. Today's slogan is mutual intelligibility  among users of the language. (a) obviously (synonym); (b) prestige (synonym); (c) national (synonym); (d) unique (antonym); (e) native (antonym); (f) variety (synonym); (g) emerge (antonym); (h) control (antonym); (i) important (synonym); (j) intelligibility (antonym).                                               . 4.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:     [DjB-2017] All this was perplexing  and upsetting . For at the time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner  I chucked  up my job and got out of it the better. Theoretically  and secretly , of course I was all for the strugglers and against their oppressors . (a) perplexing (antonym) (b) upsetting (antonym) (c) imperialism (synonym) (d) evil (antonym) (e) sooner (antonym) (fj chucked (synonym) (g) better (antonym) (h) theoretically (synonym) (i) secretly (synonym) (j) oppressor (synonym). 5.    Read the following passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :  [JB-2017; BB-2017] Sincerity is the root of success of all work. One can go a long way if he does a job  with sincerity. The great  men are sincere because they know  that sincerity is the key to success. Those who do not follow tbe rules  of sincerity can never  go a long way. Sincerity is the secret of victory . If any work is not done with sincerity, one will never receive desirable  output from it. So, we should be sincere in every walk of life. (a) success (antonym) (h) job (synonym) (c) great (antonym) (d) because (synonym) (e) know (synonym) (f) follow (antonym) (g) rule (synonym) (h) never (antonym) (i) victory (synonym) (j) desirable (antonym). 6.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:      [CtgB-2017] During the nine month long Liberation War the Pakistani army carried out the most brutal massacre  in human history. There were thousands of killing fields all around Bangladesh. One of the largest  killing fields is located  at Dumuria in Khulna. The area is called  Chuknagar. Hundreds and thousands of fleeing people arrived at Chuknagar to cross the border. On 20 May 1971 Pakistani soldiers surrounded  the area. They started  to fire .the fleeing people. About eight to ten thousand people were killed  at Chuknagar. (a) liberation (synonym) (b) brutal (antonym) (c) Massacre (synonym) (d) human (antonym) (e) located (antonym) (f) called (synonym) (g) surrounded (synonym) (h) started (antonym) (i) killed (synonym) (j) largest (antonym) 7.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed:     [SB-2017] Bangladesh is an agro-based country. The soil of Bengal is purer than gold. Most of her land is fertile . The farmers of this country are industrious . They work ceaselessly from dawn to dusk. They are not lazy . They Jove   their motherland. They have a strong attachment to their motherland. Their diligence and perseverance keep the wheel of economy moving . We must respect  them. We are grateful to them. We must follow their devotion  to duty and country. (a) fertile (synonym); (b) industrious (antonym); (c) ceaselessly (synonym); (d) lazy' (synonym); (e) love (antonym); (f) strong (synonym); (g) moving (antonym); (h) respect (synonym); (i) grateful (antonym); (j) devotion (synonym). HSC All Board Question-2018 with Answer 1.    Read the passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below : [HSC Exam-2018 (Ka Set)] Books are the unique  medium through which we contact mighty  minds of ages. Books tell us about their feelings, what they said and what they did. Books are one of the greatest friends to us. They introduce us the best humanity . They are reliable  records of the history. A book is a valuable  living voice. We can know about the thoughts and rituals of past men through books. We should read good books and avoid worthless  ones. A good book is a friend of ' loneliness  and a nurse in ailment . We can find real happiness  by reading good books. (a) unique (antonym) (b) mighty (antonym) (c) humanity (synonym) (d) reliable (antonym) (e) valuable (antonym) (f) ritual (synonym) (g) worthless (synonym) (h) loneliness (synonym) (i) ailment (synonym) (j) happiness (antonym). Answer: 1.    (a) common/general/simple; (b) trifling/ordinary; (c) compassion/generosity/mercy; (d) unreliable; (e) cheap/inexpensive/ valueless; (t) ceremony/custom; (g) useless/ valueless/bad; (h) solitude/solitariness/ aloneness; (i) sickness/ disease; (j) sorrow/ unhappiness. 2.    Read the following passage and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:  [HSC Exam-2018 (Kha Set); RB-2016] Books are men’s best friends  in life. You may have many good friends but you do not find them when you need  them. They may not always come to you with sympathy . Some may prove true or some may prove false  and do you much harm . But books are always ready to be your side. Some books will make you laugh , some others will give you much pleasure . Again, some books will bring  new knowledge and ideas . They are ever friends throughout your life. (a)   friend (antonym); (b) need (antonym); (c) sympathy (synonym); (d) prove (synonym); (e) false (antonym); (f) harm (antonym); (g) laugh (antonym); (h) pleasure (synonym); (i) bring (synonym); (j) idea (synonym). Answer: 2.    (a)enemy/foe; (b) ignore/avoid; (c) compassion/ love; (d) appear/seem; (e) real/genuine; (f) help/ favour; (g)  cry; (h) joy/delight; (i) give/ provide/ convey/ carry; (j)views/concept. HSC All Board Question-2017 with Answer 1.    Read the passage and write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below :         [DB-2017] Sports are a popular form  of entertainment . Many international sporting events are organised  from time to time. Most of the events are sponsored  by multinational  manufacturing companies and business firms. They pay  for the sports events in exchange for the right to advertise their products during those events. These events are telecast worldwide by satellite and people all over the world watch  them five. As a result, the sponsor's products receive maximum  media coverage giving companies international recognition . This is the only commercial aspect of international sport but there are other aspects too. (a) popular (antonym); (b) form (synonym); (c) entertainment (synonym); (d) organize (synonym); (e) sponsor (synonym); (f) multinational (antonym); (g) pay (antonym); (h) watch (synonym); (i) maximum (antonym); (j) recognition (antonym). Answer: 1.    (a)unpopular; (b) type/sort; (c) amusement; (d) arrange; (e) patronise; (f) local/national; (g) receive; (h) enjoy; (i) minimum; (j) denial. 2.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :    [CB-2017] There are many (a) people  who have a (b) conservative  outlook. Quite (c) early  in life they leam to (d) believe  that everything in this (e) world  was predetermined and (f) all  that happen to them was ordained by God. For this belief, the poor generally accept their (g) poverty  and all their sorrows and (h) sufferings  without trying much to (i) overcome them. They also have the (j) same  sort of attitude towards illness and disease. (a) people (synonym); (b) conservative (antonym); (c) early (antonym); (d) believe (synonym); (e) world (synonym); (f) all (antonym); (g) poverty (antonym); (h) sufferings (synonym); (i) overcome (synonym); (j) same (antonym). Answer 2.    (a)persons/humans; (b) liberal; (c) late; (d) trust/ faith;·(e) earth; (f) nothing; (g) affluence; (h) distress/ pains/agonies; (i) surmount/succeed;(j) different. 3.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed:     [RB-2017] The process of globalization obviously requires a common language for international communication. For many different reasons, English has achieved the prestige  of being that language. As a result, it has crossed national  borders to reach people who speak other languages. It is no longer the unique  possession of British or American people, but a language that belongs to the world's people. In fact, bilingual and multilingual users of English far outnumber its monolingual native speakers. This phenomenon has led to a bewildering variety  of English around the world. As more and more people speak. English, more and more varieties have emerged  which are strongly influenced by the pronunciation, grammar and idioms of the respective mother-tongues. Word English has now moved away from the control  of the native speakers. However, the question of British or American English is not so important now. Today's slogan is mutual intelligibility  among users of the language. (a) obviously (synonym); (b) prestige (synonym); (c) national (synonym); (d) unique (antonym); (e) native (antonym); (f) variety (synonym); (g) emerge (antonym); (h) control (antonym); (i) important (synonym); (j) intelligibility (antonym).    Answer 3.    (a) certainly/definitely/apparently; (b) honour; (c) domestic/local; (d) common; (e) foreign; (f) diversity;disappear; (h) unrestraint/freedom; (i) significant; (j) unintelligibility.                                             . 4.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:     [DjB-2017] All this was perplexing  and upsetting . For at the time I had already made up my mind that imperialism was an evil thing and the sooner  I chucked  up my job and got out of it the better. Theoretically  and secretly , of course I was all for the strugglers and against their oppressors . (a) perplexing (antonym) (b) upsetting (antonym) (c) imperialism (synonym) (d) evil (antonym) (e) sooner (antonym) (fj chucked (synonym) (g) better (antonym) (h) theoretically (synonym) (i) secretly (synonym) (j) oppressor (synonym). Answer 4.    (a)clear; (b) pleasant/comforting; (c) colonialism; (d) good/decent; (e) later; (f) quitted/ abandoned/ discarded; (g) worse; (h) hypothetically; (i) confidentially/ privately; (j) dictator. 5.    Read the following passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below :  [JB-2017; BB-2017] Sincerity is the root of success of all work. One can go a long way if he does a job  with sincerity. The great  men are sincere because they know  that sincerity is the key to success. Those who do not follow tbe rules  of sincerity can never  go a long way. Sincerity is the secret of victory . If any work is not done with sincerity, one will never receive desirable  output from it. So, we should be sincere in every walk of life. (a) success (antonym) (h) job (synonym) (c) great (antonym) (d) because (synonym) (e) know (synonym) (f) follow (antonym) (g) rule (synonym) (h) never (antonym) (i) victory (synonym) (j) desirable (antonym). Answer 5.    (a)failure; (b) work; (c) ordinary; (d) as; (e) understand/ realize; (f) neglect/disobey/unfollow; (g) principle; (h) always; (i) w n;(j) undesirable. 6.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:      [CtgB-2017] During the nine month long Liberation War the Pakistani army carried out the most brutal massacre  in human history. There were thousands of killing fields all around Bangladesh. One of the largest  killing fields is located  at Dumuria in Khulna. The area is called  Chuknagar. Hundreds and thousands of fleeing people arrived at Chuknagar to cross the border. On 20 May 1971 Pakistani soldiers surrounded  the area. They started  to fire .the fleeing people. About eight to ten thousand people were killed  at Chuknagar. (a) liberation (synonym) (b) brutal (antonym) (c) Massacre (synonym) (d) human (antonym) (e) located (antonym) (f) called (synonym) (g) surrounded (synonym) (h) started (antonym) (i) killed (synonym) (j) largest (antonym) Answer 6.    (a)independence/freedom; (b) humane/kind; (c) genocide; (d) beast; (e) dislocated; (f) known/ named;(g) encircled; (h) ended/finished; (i) murdered; (j) smallest. 7.   Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed:     [SB-2017] Bangladesh is an agro-based country. The soil of Bengal is purer than gold. Most of her land is fertile . The farmers of this country are industrious . They work ceaselessly from dawn to dusk. They are not lazy . They Jove  their motherland. They have a strong attachment to their motherland. Their diligence and perseverance keep the wheel of economy moving . We must respect  them. We are grateful to them. We must follow their devotion  to duty and country. (a) fertile (synonym); (b) industrious (antonym); (c) ceaselessly (synonym); (d) lazy' (synonym); (e) love (antonym); (f) strong (synonym); (g) moving (antonym); (h) respect (synonym); (i) grateful (antonym); (j) devotion (synonym). Anser 7.    (a)   productive;   (b)   lazy;   (c)   endlessly/continuously/constantly; (d) idle; (e) hate; (f) deep/ profound; (g) fixed/still; (h) honour/regard; (i) ungrateful; (j) dedication/loyalty.