Phrase and Idioms for Speaking Test K Kick the bucket - To die (মারা যাওয়া) - Sadly, the old man kicked the bucket last night. Keep your chin up - To remain positive in a difficult situation (কঠিন পরিস্থিতিতে ইতিবাচক থাকা) - Keep your chin up; things will get better soon. Knock on wood - To avoid bad luck (অমঙ্গলের এড়াতে) - The weather has been great, knock on wood. Keep an eye on - To watch or monitor carefully (সতর্কভাবে নজর রাখা) - Can you keep an eye on my bag while I go to the restroom? Kick off - To start something (কিছু শুরু করা) - The meeting will kick off at 10 AM. Know the ropes - To be familiar with how something works (কিভাবে কিছু কাজ করে তা পরিচিত হওয়া) - She knows the ropes after working here for five years. Knee-jerk reaction - An automatic or quick response (স্বয়ংক্রিয় বা দ্রুত প্রতিক্রিয়া) - His decision was a knee-jerk reaction to the criticism. Keep your fingers crossed - To hope for a good outcome (ভাল ফলাফলের আশা করা) - Keep your fingers crossed that we win the game. Knock it out of the park - To do something exceptionally well (অসাধারণভাবে কিছু করা) - Her presentation really knocked it out of the park. Keep a low profile - To avoid attracting attention (দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ এড়াতে) - He prefers to keep a low profile and stay out of the spotlight. L Last straw - The final annoyance that causes someone to lose patience (শেষ স্ত্রাব) - His lateness was the last straw for his boss. Let the cat out of the bag - To reveal a secret (রহস্য ফাঁস করা) - She accidentally let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party. Lost cause - A hopeless situation or case (অকৃত্রিম) - Trying to fix that old car is a lost cause. Like a fish out of water - Feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings (অপরিচিত অবস্থায় অস্বাভাবিক অনুভব) - He was like a fish out of water at the fancy dinner party. Live and learn - To gain knowledge from experience (অভিজ্ঞান থেকে জ্ঞান প্রাপ্ত করা) - I didn't know that before; live and learn! Laughing stock - Someone or something that is ridiculed or laughed at (হাস্যকর বা নির্লজ্জতা) - After his clumsy fall, he became the laughing stock of the office. Let sleeping dogs lie - To avoid restarting a conflict (সমস্যা নিতে না নিতে যাওয়া) - It's better to let sleeping dogs lie than to bring up old arguments. Light at the end of the tunnel - Hope or relief after a long period of difficulty (কাঠামোর শেষে আলো) - Finally, there's light at the end of the tunnel in this project. Leave no stone unturned - To make every possible effort (সম্ভব প্রচেষ্টা করা) - They left no stone unturned in their search for the missing child. Learn the ropes - To learn how to do a job or task (একটি কাজ বা কাজ করা শেখা) - He's new here; he'll need some time to learn the ropes. Look before you leap - To think carefully about the possible results before doing something (কোন কাজের পূর্বে চিন্তা করা) - Look before you leap; don't make a hasty decision. Long shot - A very unlikely possibility (অত্যন্ত অসম্ভব সম্ভাবনা) - Winning the lottery is a long shot. Love at first sight - Falling in love immediately upon meeting someone (প্রথম দর্শনে ভালোবাসা) - It was love at first sight when they met. Live and let live - To accept others' differences and choices (অন্যের পরিবর্তন এবং পছন্দ গ্রহণ করা) - His motto is live and let live. Lower your voice - To speak more quietly (আরামদায়ক ভাষায় কথা বলা) - Lower your voice; we're in a library. Lend a hand - To help someone (কাউকে সাহায্য করা) - Can you lend a hand with these boxes? Let bygones be bygones - To forget about past conflicts or mistakes (অতীতের সমস্যা বা ভুল ভুল ভুল মিটিয়ে দেওয়া) - It's time to let bygones be bygones and move forward. Lost in translation - Misunderstood or not accurately conveyed (অনুবাদে হারিয়ে গেছে) - Some jokes are lost in translation. Learn the hard way - To learn from experience, often through making mistakes (অভিজ্ঞান থেকে শিখা) - He learned the hard way that procrastination leads to trouble. Lock horns - To argue or fight (আলোচনা বা লড়াইয়ে পরিণত হওয়া) - The two politicians locked horns over the new policy. M Make a long story short - To summarize briefly (সংক্ষেপে বলা) - Make a long story short, we decided to go with the blue paint. Make ends meet - To manage financially (অর্থমুক্ত থাকা) - It's hard to make ends meet on minimum wage. Mind your own business - To not interfere in someone else's affairs (নিজের কাজে মনোযোগ দিতে) - She told him to mind his own business. More than meets the eye - Hidden details or complexities (চেহারার পরের বিস্তারিত বা জটিলতা) - The situation is more than meets the eye. March to the beat of your own drum - To do things your own way (নিজের মতে কাজ করা) - She always marches to the beat of her own drum. Miss the boat - To miss an opportunity (সুযোগ হারানো) - I missed the boat on buying those concert tickets; they sold out. Make hay while the sun shines - To take advantage of an opportunity (সূর্য প্রকাশ পাওয়া সময় উপযুক্ত কাজ করা) - Let's make hay while the sun shines and finish this project. Mum's the word - To keep something secret (গোপন রাখা) - Mum's the word about the surprise party, okay? Make a mountain out of a molehill - To exaggerate a small problem (একটি ছোট সমস্যার উচ্চাকাঙ্খা করা) - Don't make a mountain out of a molehill; it's just a minor issue. Make waves - To cause trouble or controversy (সমস্যা বা বিতর্ক সৃষ্টি করা) - Her comments made waves at the meeting. Middle of nowhere - A remote or isolated location (কোনও একত্র জায়গা) - Their house is in the middle of nowhere. Money talks - Wealth has influence and power (টাকা কথা বলে) - Unfortunately, in politics, money talks. My hands are tied - I am unable to help or act (আমার হাত বেঁধে গেছে) - Sorry, my hands are tied regarding this decision. Make the grade - To meet the required standards (প্রয়োজনীয় মান অনুযায়ী পরিশোধ করা) - She studied hard to make the grade on her exams. Make peace - To reconcile or resolve conflicts (মধুশান বা সমস্যা বাতিল করা) - It's time to make peace with your brother. Monkey business - Mischievous or deceitful behavior (ছাগল পাচা) - There's been some monkey business going on in the office lately. Move the goalposts - To change the rules or requirements during a process (প্রয়োজনীয় নির্দেশ করা) - They keep moving the goalposts on this project. Moot point - A point that is debatable or irrelevant (বিতর্কযোগ্য বা অপ্রয়োজনীয় পয়েন্ট) - Whether to paint the walls blue or green is a moot point now that we're moving. Mouth-watering - Very appealing or attractive (খুব আকর্ষণীয়) - The menu had some mouth-watering options. Make a killing - To earn a large amount of money (একটি বড় পরিমাণ টাকা উপার্জন করা) - He made a killing in the stock market last month. Miles away - Daydreaming or lost in thought (দূরে) - During class, he was miles away. Murphy's Law - Anything that can go wrong will go wrong (কোনোটা কিছু ভুলে চলে যাবে যা সম্ভব) - According to Murphy's Law, if something can go wrong, it will. Make up your mind - To make a decision (নির্ণয় করা) - Please make up your mind about which movie you want to see. Muddy the waters - To make a situation more confusing (সংকট বা বিশদতা বৃদ্ধি করা) - His unclear explanation only muddied the waters further. Make a breakthrough - To achieve a significant advance or discovery (প্রবর্তন অর্জন করা) - Scientists made a breakthrough in cancer research. Make up for lost time - To use time productively after a period of inactivity (হারানো সময় পুনরুদ্ধার করা) - After the delay, they worked hard to make up for lost time. Make the most of - To take full advantage of something (এর সর্বশেষ প্রয়োজন) - Let's make the most of this beautiful day. Make a scene - To create a disturbance or spectacle (একটি দৃশ্য সৃষ্টি করা) - Please don't make a scene in public. Make a fuss - To complain or become upset about something minor (একটি ছোট বিষয়ে অশান্তি করা) - She made a fuss about the missing pen. Money for old rope - Easy money for little work (সরল অর্থ জন্য কাজ) - Selling those old books was money for old rope. N No pain, no gain - You need to work hard to achieve something (কোন ব্যথা, কোন প্রাপ্তি) - No pain, no gain; if you want to get fit, you have to exercise. Never say never - Don't dismiss something outright (কখনো না বলো না) - Never say never; you might change your mind. Not my cup of tea - Something you don't like or enjoy (আমার চাবি নয়) - Jazz music is not my cup of tea; I prefer rock. Nip something in the bud - To stop a problem before it becomes worse (কোন সমস্যার সামনেই তা বার করা) - It's best to nip it in the bud before it gets out of hand. Nest egg - Savings or investments for the future (ভবিষ্যতের জন্য সঞ্চয়) - She's been building her nest egg for retirement. Not hold water - To be illogical or invalid (অযুক্তিক) - His argument does not hold water upon closer inspection. Needle in a haystack - Something extremely difficult to find (খুব বা কিছু খুঁজতে) - Finding a reliable mechanic is like finding a needle in a haystack. Nose to the grindstone - Working hard and diligently (শ্রমিক) - She's got her nose to the grindstone to finish the project on time. Naked eye - Without the aid of a telescope or microscope (বিনা টেলিস্কোপ বা মাইক্রোস্কোপের সাহায্যে) - You can see the stars with the naked eye on a clear night. Nine-to-five - A regular and typical work schedule (৫ মিনিট) - She works a nine-to-five job in the office. Not the sharpest tool in the shed - Not very intelligent (খুব মেজাজে হোলে তাদের) - He's nice, but he's not the sharpest tool in the shed. No stone unturned - To make every effort (প্রয়োজনীয় প্রচেষ্টা করা) - They turned over every stone to find the missing keys. Nosebleed seats - Seats far from the stage or action (দূরের অধিনায়ক) - We got nosebleed seats for the concert, but at least we're in! Near and dear - Close and important (নিকট এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ) - Family and friends are near and dear to me. Nitty-gritty - The essential details or practical aspects (প্রাথমিক মুখসুমু) - Let's get down to the nitty-gritty of the contract. Not in the least - Not at all (একটুও না) - He was not in the least interested in attending the meeting. No hard feelings - No resentment or ill will (অস্বস্তিত্ব বা কষ্ট হত্যা নাই) - I hope there are no hard feelings about what happened. Nail in the coffin - Something that leads to failure or the end of something (হাতাহাতি) - The bad review was the nail in the coffin for the restaurant. Name of the game - The essential point or objective (মুখ্য বা উদ্দেশ্য) - Efficiency is the name of the game in this industry. Narrow escape - A close call or barely avoiding danger (কোনো বিপদ বা যান্ত্রিক) - It was a narrow escape from the burning building. Not one's cup of tea - Something that one doesn't enjoy or prefer (তার একটি চাবি নয়) - Action movies are not his cup of tea; he prefers comedies. No-brainer - Something that requires little thought or effort (কোনো চিন্তা অথবা প্রয়াসের প্রয়োজন নেই) - Choosing the healthier option was a no-brainer. Not up to par - Not meeting the expected standard (প্রত্যাশিত মান না পূর্ণ হওয়া) - His performance was not up to par with the rest of the team. Neck and neck - Very close or even in a competition (খুব প্রায়) - The two runners are neck and neck as they approach the finish line. New lease on life - A fresh start or opportunity (একটি নতুন সাথে) - Starting this new job feels like a new lease on life. Nothing to sneeze at - Something significant or noteworthy (অনুমানিত দাম) - A raise in salary is nothing to sneeze at. Night owl - A person who stays up late (রাত্রি পাখি) - He's a night owl; he works best in the late hours. No-go - Something that is not possible or allowed (নকল বা সম্ভব না) - The plan to travel was a no-go due to the storm. Not all there - Not mentally or emotionally stable (মানসিক কর্কশ) - After the accident, he wasn't all there. Nothing ventured, nothing gained - You have to take risks to achieve something (কোন ঝুঁকি, কোন লাভ) - Nothing ventured, nothing gained; you should apply for the job. O 1.      On cloud nine - Extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি) - She was on cloud nine after hearing the good news. 2.      Out of the blue - Unexpectedly (অপ্রত্যাশিতভাবে) - The news came out of the blue. 3.      Once in a blue moon - Very rarely (খুব কম ঘটে এমন) - He only goes to the cinema once in a blue moon. 4.      On the ball - Alert and knowledgeable (সতর্ক এবং জ্ঞানী) - You need to be on the ball to succeed in this job. 5.      Off the hook - Free from blame or responsibility (দায়িত্ব বা দোষ থেকে মুক্ত) - The teacher let him off the hook for being late. 6.      On thin ice - In a risky or uncertain situation (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ বা অনিশ্চিত অবস্থায়) - He's on thin ice after missing another deadline. 7.      Over the moon - Extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি) - She was over the moon about her promotion. 8.      Out of the frying pan into the fire - From a bad situation to a worse one (একটি খারাপ অবস্থা থেকে আরও খারাপ অবস্থায়) - Quitting his job without another lined up was like jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. 9.      On the fence - Undecided (অনির্ধারিত) - She's still on the fence about which college to attend. 10. Out of order - Not functioning properly (সঠিকভাবে কাজ করছে না) - The vending machine is out of order. 11. Once in a lifetime - Very rare or unique (খুব বিরল বা অনন্য) - The trip to Antarctica was a once in a lifetime experience. 12. Off the record - Not for official publication or disclosure (অফিশিয়াল প্রকাশ বা প্রকাশের জন্য নয়) - He told me something off the record. 13. On the same page - In agreement (একই মতামতে) - We're finally on the same page about the project. 14. Out of sight, out of mind - Forgotten when not seen (চোখের আড়াল, মনের বাইরে) - Once he moved away, he was out of sight, out of mind. 15. On pins and needles - Anxious or nervous (উদ্বিগ্ন বা নার্ভাস) - She was on pins and needles waiting for the test results. 16. Over the top - Excessive or exaggerated (অত্যধিক বা অতিরঞ্জিত) - His reaction was over the top. 17. Out of pocket - Expenses paid personally (ব্যক্তিগতভাবে প্রদেয় খরচ) - She was out of pocket after buying all the supplies. 18. On the tip of my tongue - Almost remembered (মুখের টিপে) - Her name is on the tip of my tongue. 19. Off the cuff - Without preparation (প্রস্তুতি ছাড়া) - He gave an off the cuff speech at the event. 20. Out of the loop - Not informed (জানানো নয়) - I was out of the loop on the latest updates. 21. On the mend - Recovering (পুনরুদ্ধার) - He's been ill, but he's on the mend now. 22. Out of the question - Impossible (অসম্ভব) - Skipping the meeting is out of the question. 23. On the brink - On the verge of something (কিছুর প্রান্তে) - They were on the brink of disaster. 24. Out of breath - Breathing heavily (শ্বাস নেওয়ার ক্লান্তি) - She was out of breath after running up the stairs. 25. On a roll - Experiencing success (সফলতা পাচ্ছে) - He's on a roll with his recent achievements. 26. Out of sorts - Feeling unwell (অসুস্থ বোধ) - She's been out of sorts since the morning. 27. On the dot - Exactly on time (ঠিক সময়ে) - The meeting started at 9 AM on the dot. 28. Out of the woods - Free from difficulties (কঠিনতা থেকে মুক্ত) - She's recovering well and is finally out of the woods. 29. Over one's head - Too difficult to understand (অনুধাবনের জন্য অত্যধিক কঠিন) - The lecture was over my head. 30. On the horizon - Likely to happen soon (শীঘ্রই ঘটবে) - There's a big change on the horizon for the company. P 1.      Piece of cake - Something very easy (খুব সহজ কিছু) - The exam was a piece of cake for her. 2.      Put your best foot forward - To make a great effort (সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করা) - When starting a new job, it's important to put your best foot forward. 3.      Pull someone's leg - To tease or joke with someone (কাউকে মজা করা) - Are you serious or just pulling my leg? 4.      Paint the town red - To go out and enjoy oneself flamboyantly (উল্লাস করে বাইরে বের হওয়া) - Let's paint the town red to celebrate your birthday! 5.      Penny for your thoughts - Asking someone what they are thinking (তোমার চিন্তাগুলো কেমন?) - You've been quiet for a while; penny for your thoughts? 6.      Play it by ear - To decide how to deal with a situation as it develops (পরিস্থিতির উপর ভিত্তি করে সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া) - We don't have a plan yet; let's just play it by ear. 7.      Put the cart before the horse - To do things in the wrong order (ভুল ক্রমে কাজ করা) - Planning the celebration before getting the promotion is like putting the cart before the horse. 8.      Pull out all the stops - To make every effort to achieve something (সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করা) - They pulled out all the stops to make the event successful. 9.      Put two and two together - To figure something out (কিছু বের করা) - When he saw the empty house and the packed suitcases, he put two and two together. 10. Pass the buck - To shift responsibility to someone else (দায়িত্ব অন্যের কাছে স্থানান্তর করা) - Stop trying to pass the buck and take responsibility for your actions. 11. Pot calling the kettle black - Accusing someone of a fault that you yourself have (নিজের দোষ অন্যের ওপর চাপানো) - It's a case of the pot calling the kettle black when he criticizes her punctuality. 12. Pull the wool over someone's eyes - To deceive someone (কাউকে ধোঁকা দেওয়া) - He tried to pull the wool over my eyes, but I wasn't fooled. 13. Put your money where your mouth is - To back up words with action or investment (কথার সাথে কাজ মেলানো) - If you think it's a good idea, put your money where your mouth is. 14. Pass the hat around - To collect money from a group of people (অর্থ সংগ্রহ করা) - We passed the hat around to buy a gift for the teacher. 15. Push the envelope - To go beyond the limits of what is normally done (সীমা অতিক্রম করা) - The artist pushed the envelope with her latest installation. 16. Pull the plug - To stop something from continuing (কিছু বন্ধ করা) - The company pulled the plug on the project due to budget cuts. 17. Put your foot in your mouth - To say something embarrassing (বিব্রতকর কিছু বলা) - He put his foot in his mouth when he asked about her ex-husband. 18. Play second fiddle - To be in a subordinate position (অধীনস্থ অবস্থানে থাকা) - She was tired of playing second fiddle to her older sister. 19. Put the brakes on - To slow down or stop an activity (কোনো কাজ ধীর করা বা বন্ধ করা) - The government decided to put the brakes on the new policy implementation. 20. Pull strings - To use influence to get something done (প্রভাব ব্যবহার করা) - He managed to get the tickets by pulling a few strings. 21. Put up or shut up - To take action or stop talking about it (কাজ করো বা চুপ করো) - It's time to put up or shut up about your plans for the business. 22. Paddle one's own canoe - To be independent and self-sufficient (স্বাধীন এবং স্বনির্ভর হওয়া) - She's been paddling her own canoe since she moved out. 23. Pay through the nose - To pay a very high price (খুব বেশি দাম পরিশোধ করা) - We had to pay through the nose for the last-minute flight tickets. 24. Pass the baton - To transfer responsibility (দায়িত্ব হস্তান্তর করা) - The CEO passed the baton to his successor. 25. Pull no punches - To speak frankly and directly (স্পষ্টভাবে এবং সরাসরি কথা বলা) - She pulled no punches in her critique of the movie. 26. Put on airs - To act superior or pretentious (উচ্চ বা আড়ম্বরপূর্ণ অভিনয় করা) - He started putting on airs after his promotion. 27. Put out feelers - To make preliminary inquiries (প্রাথমিক অনুসন্ধান করা) - We put out feelers to see if there was any interest in our new product. 28. Play hard to get - To pretend to be uninterested (অনাগ্রহী ভান করা) - She decided to play hard to get to see if he was really interested. 29. Pull the rug out from under someone - To suddenly withdraw support (সমর্থন হঠাৎ প্রত্যাহার করা) - The funding was cut, pulling the rug out from under us. 30. Put a damper on - To lessen enthusiasm or enjoyment (উত্সাহ বা আনন্দ হ্রাস করা) - The rainy weather put a damper on our picnic plans. Q 1.      Quick on the draw - Quick to react or respond (দ্রুত প্রতিক্রিয়া বা প্রতিউত্তর দিতে সক্ষম) - He was quick on the draw with his witty comeback. 2.      Queer the pitch - To ruin or spoil a plan (একটি পরিকল্পনা নষ্ট বা ব্যর্থ করা) - Her unexpected arrival queered the pitch for their surprise party. 3.      Quick fix - An easy and temporary solution (সহজ এবং সাময়িক সমাধান) - Using tape to mend the pipe is just a quick fix. 4.      Quitting time - The end of the workday (কাজের দিনের শেষ সময়) - As soon as it hit quitting time, everyone rushed out of the office. 5.      Quality time - Time spent giving someone one's full attention (গুণমান সময়, সম্পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দেওয়া) - He spent some quality time with his family over the weekend. 6.      Quid pro quo - Something given in return for something else (কিছু বিনিময়ে কিছু দেওয়া) - The agreement was a simple quid pro quo. 7.      Question mark - Something that is uncertain or doubtful (অনিশ্চিত বা সন্দেহজনক কিছু) - The future of the project remains a question mark. 8.      Quiet as a mouse - Very quiet (খুব শান্ত) - The children were quiet as a mouse during the movie. 9.      Quick and dirty - Done hastily and without attention to detail (দ্রুত এবং খুঁটিনাটি বিবেচনা না করে করা) - It was a quick and dirty solution, but it worked. 10. Quarrel with bread and butter - To argue about something vital to one's livelihood (জীবিকার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু নিয়ে তর্ক করা) - Don't quarrel with your bread and butter; you need this job. R 1.      Rain check - A promise to do something later (পরে করার প্রতিশ্রুতি) - I'll take a rain check on dinner; I have to work late tonight. 2.      Right off the bat - Immediately (তাৎক্ষণিক) - She knew the answer right off the bat. 3.      Raise the bar - To set a higher standard (উচ্চ মান স্থাপন করা) - His outstanding performance has raised the bar for everyone. 4.      Rock the boat - To cause trouble or disrupt a situation (ঝামেলা বা বিশৃঙ্খলা সৃষ্টি করা) - Don't rock the boat; we need everything to run smoothly. 5.      Red tape - Excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules (অতিরিক্ত আমলাতান্ত্রিকতা বা নিয়মের প্রতি অতিরিক্ত আনুগত্য) - We had to go through a lot of red tape to get the permits. 6.      Read between the lines - To understand the hidden meaning (গোপন অর্থ বোঝা) - You need to read between the lines to understand his message. 7.      Raining cats and dogs - Raining very heavily (মুষলধারে বৃষ্টি হওয়া) - It's raining cats and dogs outside. 8.      Run out of steam - To lose energy or enthusiasm (শক্তি বা উৎসাহ হারানো) - Halfway through the project, we ran out of steam. 9.      Ring a bell - To sound familiar (পরিচিত শোনানো) - That name rings a bell; I think I've heard it before. 10. Roll up one's sleeves - To prepare to work hard (কঠোর পরিশ্রমের জন্য প্রস্তুতি নেওয়া) - It's time to roll up our sleeves and get to work. 11. Rule of thumb - A general principle derived from practice (অনুশীলন থেকে প্রাপ্ত সাধারণ নীতি) - As a rule of thumb, we start meetings on time. 12. Run-of-the-mill - Ordinary, not special (সাধারণ, বিশেষ কিছু নয়) - The restaurant was just run-of-the-mill; nothing impressive. 13. Rough around the edges - Not perfect, but still acceptable (অপূর্ণ, কিন্তু এখনও গ্রহণযোগ্য) - The plan is still rough around the edges, but it's workable. 14. Rub someone the wrong way - To irritate or annoy someone (কাউকে বিরক্ত বা উত্তেজিত করা) - His comments really rubbed me the wrong way. 15. Round the clock - All day and night without stopping (দিন-রাত নিরবচ্ছিন্নভাবে) - The team worked round the clock to meet the deadline. 16. Rise and shine - Wake up and get out of bed (জাগো এবং ওঠো) - Rise and shine; it's a beautiful day outside. 17. Run the risk - To take the chance of something negative happening (কোনো নেতিবাচক ঘটনার সম্ভাবনা গ্রহণ করা) - If you don't prepare, you run the risk of failing. 18. Read someone like a book - To understand someone very well (কারোকে খুব ভালোভাবে বোঝা) - I can read you like a book; I know when you're upset. 19. Rock-bottom - The lowest possible level (সর্বনিম্ন পর্যায়) - The company's stocks hit rock-bottom after the scandal. 20. Rack one's brain - To try very hard to remember or think of something (কিছু মনে করার বা চিন্তা করার জন্য খুব চেষ্টা করা) - I've been racking my brain trying to remember his name. 21. Red herring - Something that distracts from the main issue (প্রধান বিষয় থেকে মনোযোগ সরানোর কিছু) - The mystery novel was full of red herrings to mislead the reader. 22. Rise to the occasion - To perform well in response to a special situation (বিশেষ পরিস্থিতিতে ভালোভাবে কাজ করা) - She really rose to the occasion during the crisis. 23. Run in the family - To be a common trait in a family (পরিবারে সাধারণ বৈশিষ্ট্য হওয়া) - Artistic talent seems to run in the family. 24. Rest on one's laurels - To be satisfied with past achievements (পূর্ববর্তী সাফল্যে সন্তুষ্ট থাকা) - You can't rest on your laurels; there's always more to achieve. 25. Rule the roost - To be in charge or dominate (নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা বা প্রভাবিত করা) - In our house, it's my mother who rules the roost. 26. Rub elbows with - To associate or mix with (সহযোগিতা বা মিশ্রিত হওয়া) - At the conference, you'll rub elbows with industry leaders. 27. Raining on someone's parade - To spoil someone's plans (কারো পরিকল্পনা নষ্ট করা) - I hate to rain on your parade, but the event has been canceled. 28. Read the riot act - To reprimand someone severely (কারোকে কঠোরভাবে ভর্ত্সনা করা) - The boss read the riot act to the employees who were late. 29. Raise eyebrows - To cause surprise or shock (আশ্চর্য বা ধাক্কা সৃষ্টি করা) - His unusual outfit raised a few eyebrows at the party. 30. Rags to riches - From poverty to wealth (দারিদ্র্য থেকে সম্পদে যাত্রা) - His story is a classic rags to riches tale. S 1.      Spill the beans - Reveal a secret (গোপন কথা ফাঁস করা) - Don't spill the beans about the surprise party! 2.      Sit on the fence - Remain neutral (নিরপেক্ষ থাকা) - He's sitting on the fence about which candidate to support. 3.      Straight from the horse's mouth - From a reliable source (বিশ্বস্ত সূত্র থেকে) - I heard it straight from the horse's mouth. 4.      See eye to eye - Agree completely (সম্পূর্ণ একমত হওয়া) - They finally see eye to eye on the issue. 5.      Shoot for the stars - Aim high (উচ্চ লক্ষ্য স্থাপন করা) - Always shoot for the stars in your career. 6.      Stab in the back - Betrayal (বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা) - I felt like she stabbed me in the back when she took credit for my idea. 7.      Shake a leg - Hurry up (তাড়াতাড়ি কর) - Shake a leg, or we'll be late! 8.      Step up to the plate - Take responsibility (দায়িত্ব নেওয়া) - It's time to step up to the plate and lead the team. 9.      Sleep on it - Think about something overnight (একটি বিষয় নিয়ে রাতভর চিন্তা করা) - I need to sleep on it before making a decision. 10. Skeleton in the closet - A hidden secret (গোপন কিছু) - Everyone has a skeleton in the closet. 11. See the light - Understand something clearly (কিছু স্পষ্টভাবে বোঝা) - After the explanation, he finally saw the light. 12. Speak of the devil - When someone appears while being talked about (কাউকে নিয়ে কথা বলার সময় হঠাৎ তার আগমন) - Speak of the devil, here he comes! 13. Sit tight - Wait patiently (অপেক্ষা কর) - Just sit tight until we hear more news. 14. Swim against the tide - Go against prevailing opinion (প্রচলিত মতের বিরুদ্ধে যাওয়া) - She's always swimming against the tide with her unconventional ideas. 15. Stuck in a rut - Trapped in a monotonous routine (একঘেয়েমির মধ্যে আটকে যাওয়া) - He feels stuck in a rut with his current job. 16. Strike while the iron is hot - Take advantage of an opportunity immediately (তৎক্ষণাৎ সুযোগের সদ্ব্যবহার করা) - You should strike while the iron is hot and apply for the job now. 17. Sell like hot cakes - Sell very quickly (খুব দ্রুত বিক্রি হওয়া) - The new game is selling like hot cakes. 18. Steal the show - Attract the most attention (সর্বাধিক মনোযোগ আকর্ষণ করা) - Her performance stole the show at the concert. 19. Stay on your toes - Be alert (সতর্ক থাকা) - You need to stay on your toes in this fast-paced job. 20. Skeleton staff - The minimum number of people needed (নূন্যতম কর্মী সংখ্যা) - Only a skeleton staff is working during the holidays. 21. Sow the seeds - Initiate a process (প্রক্রিয়া শুরু করা) - She sowed the seeds of change in the organization. 22. Smell a rat - Suspect something is wrong (কিছু ভুল সন্দেহ করা) - I smell a rat; something is not right here. 23. Split hairs - Argue about small details (ছোটখাট বিষয় নিয়ে তর্ক করা) - Stop splitting hairs and get to the point. 24. Saved by the bell - Rescued from a difficult situation at the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্তে কঠিন পরিস্থিতি থেকে উদ্ধার পাওয়া) - He was saved by the bell when the meeting ended early. 25. Storm in a teacup - A lot of fuss over a small matter (ছোট বিষয়ে অনেক বাড়াবাড়ি) - It's just a storm in a teacup; don't worry about it. 26. Safe and sound - Free from danger or injury (সুস্থ এবং নিরাপদ) - They returned from their trip safe and sound. 27. Set the ball rolling - Start an activity (কোনো কার্যক্রম শুরু করা) - Let's set the ball rolling on this project. 28. Sink or swim - Succeed or fail without help (সাহায্য ছাড়া সফল বা ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - When he started his business, it was sink or swim. 29. See eye to eye - Agree completely (সম্পূর্ণ একমত হওয়া) - We don't always see eye to eye, but we respect each other. 30. Spick and span - Very clean and tidy (খুব পরিষ্কার এবং পরিচ্ছন্ন) - The house was spick and span for the guests. T 1.      Take the bull by the horns - Face a difficult situation bravely (কঠিন পরিস্থিতির সাহসিকতার সাথে মুখোমুখি হওয়া) - She decided to take the bull by the horns and confront her boss. 2.      Turn a blind eye - Ignore something intentionally (ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে কিছু উপেক্ষা করা) - The teacher turned a blind eye to the minor misbehavior. 3.      Throw in the towel - Give up; surrender (হার মেনে নেওয়া) - After months of struggling, he finally threw in the towel. 4.      Tip of the iceberg - A small part of a larger problem (বড় সমস্যার একটি ছোট অংশ) - The complaints are just the tip of the iceberg. 5.      Time flies - Time passes quickly (সময় দ্রুত চলে যায়) - Time flies when you're having fun. 6.      Touch base - Briefly make contact (সংক্ষেপে যোগাযোগ করা) - Let's touch base next week to finalize the plans. 7.      Throw caution to the wind - Take a risk (ঝুঁকি নেওয়া) - They decided to throw caution to the wind and invest in the startup. 8.      Take it easy - Relax (আরাম করা) - After a long week, he just wanted to take it easy. 9.      The ball is in your court - It's your decision (এখন আপনার সিদ্ধান্ত) - I've done my part; now the ball is in your court. 10. Turn the tables - Reverse the situation (পরিস্থিতি পাল্টানো) - She managed to turn the tables and win the game. 11. Take with a grain of salt - View with skepticism (সন্দেহের সাথে দেখা) - You should take his advice with a grain of salt. 12. Throw in the towel - Give up (হার মেনে নেওয়া) - After failing the test twice, he decided to throw in the towel. 13. The tip of the iceberg - A small part of a larger problem (বড় সমস্যার একটি ছোট অংশ) - These issues are just the tip of the iceberg. 14. Turn a deaf ear - Ignore (উপেক্ষা করা) - He turned a deaf ear to their complaints. 15. Take the plunge - Commit to a risky action (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ কাজের জন্য প্রতিজ্ঞাবদ্ধ হওয়া) - They decided to take the plunge and get married. 16. Throw your hat in the ring - Declare candidacy or interest (প্রার্থীতা বা আগ্রহ ঘোষণা করা) - She decided to throw her hat in the ring for the election. 17. Take someone to task - Criticize or scold (সমালোচনা বা তিরস্কার করা) - The manager took him to task for his poor performance. 18. Through thick and thin - In good times and bad (ভাল এবং খারাপ সময়ে) - They've been friends through thick and thin. 19. Take it with a grain of salt - View skeptically (সন্দেহের সাথে দেখা) - You should take his promises with a grain of salt. 20. Throw the baby out with the bathwater - Discard something valuable along with something undesirable (অপ্রয়োজনীয় জিনিসের সাথে প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস ফেলে দেওয়া) - Let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater; we can fix the problem without changing everything. 21. The last straw - The final problem in a series (চূড়ান্ত সমস্যা) - His rude comment was the last straw. 22. Take a rain check - Postpone an invitation (নিমন্ত্রণ স্থগিত করা) - I'll have to take a rain check on dinner tonight. 23. Turn over a new leaf - Make a fresh start (নতুন করে শুরু করা) - He promised to turn over a new leaf and work harder. 24. The early bird catches the worm - Success comes to those who prepare well (প্রস্তুতি যারা ভালভাবে করে, তারা সফল হয়) - Remember, the early bird catches the worm. 25. Take to heart - Take seriously (গুরুত্বের সাথে নেওয়া) - She took his advice to heart and changed her habits. 26. Throw cold water on - Discourage (হতাশ করা) - He threw cold water on her plans to start a business. 27. Take the wind out of someone's sails - Make someone feel less confident (কারো আত্মবিশ্বাস হ্রাস করা) - His harsh critique took the wind out of her sails. 28. Think outside the box - Be creative (সৃজনশীল হওয়া) - We need to think outside the box to solve this problem. 29. Turn a new page - Begin again (পুনরায় শুরু করা) - After the apology, they decided to turn a new page in their relationship. 30. The whole nine yards - Everything possible (সবকিছু) - They went the whole nine yards for their wedding celebration. U 1.      Under the weather - Feeling ill (অসুস্থ অনুভব করা) - She's under the weather and won't be coming to work today. 2.      Up in the air - Uncertain (অনিশ্চিত) - Our vacation plans are still up in the air. 3.      Use your head - Think sensibly (বুদ্ধি খাটানো) - Use your head and make a wise decision. 4.      Under one's nose - Clearly visible but unnoticed (সামনেই কিন্তু নজরে না পড়া) - The solution was right under your nose all along. 5.      Up to par - Meeting the expected standard (প্রত্যাশিত মানের) - Her performance was not up to par this time. 6.      Under the gun - Under pressure (চাপে থাকা) - He's really under the gun to finish the project by Friday. 7.      Up to speed - Fully informed or up to date (সম্পূর্ণভাবে অবগত বা হালনাগাদ) - Before the meeting, make sure you're up to speed with the latest developments. 8.      Under the radar - Not detected or noticed (গোপনে থাকা) - He managed to stay under the radar and avoid trouble. 9.      Up in arms - Very angry or upset (খুব রাগান্বিত বা উত্তেজিত) - The community is up in arms over the proposed new highway. 10. Under the microscope - Being examined very closely (খুব কাছ থেকে পরীক্ষা করা হচ্ছে) - The company's finances are under the microscope after the audit. 11. Up for grabs - Available for anyone to take (যে কেউ নিতে পারে) - The last piece of cake is up for grabs. 12. Under wraps - Secret; not to be disclosed (গোপন; প্রকাশ না করার জন্য) - The details of the project are still under wraps. 13. Up to the mark - Meeting the required standard (প্রয়োজনীয় মান পূরণ করা) - Her work is always up to the mark. 14. Under one's belt - Achieved or experienced (অর্জিত বা অভিজ্ঞ) - With three successful projects under his belt, he was ready for the new challenge. 15. Up the ante - Increase the stakes or demands (দাবি বা পণ বাড়ানো) - To win the contract, they decided to up the ante and offer more services. V Vanish into thin air - Disappear completely (সম্পূর্ণভাবে অদৃশ্য হওয়া) - The magician made the rabbit vanish into thin air. Variety is the spice of life - Diversity makes life interesting (বৈচিত্র্য জীবনকে আকর্ষণীয় করে তোলে) - Traveling to different countries shows that variety is the spice of life. Voice of reason - Someone who provides sensible advice (যিনি যুক্তিসঙ্গত পরামর্শ দেন) - In the heated discussion, she was the voice of reason. Vent one's spleen - Express anger (রাগ প্রকাশ করা) - After the argument, he needed to vent his spleen to calm down. Vote of confidence - Show of approval or support (সমর্থনের প্রদর্শন) - The team's win was a vote of confidence in their new coach. Vested interest - Personal stake or involvement (ব্যক্তিগত স্বার্থ বা সম্পৃক্ততা) - He has a vested interest in the success of the project. Viable option - A feasible or practical choice (বাস্তবসম্মত বা ব্যবহারিক পছন্দ) - We need to find a viable option to solve this problem. Vicious circle - A situation in which the solution to one problem creates another problem (একটি সমস্যার সমাধান করতে গিয়ে অন্য সমস্যা তৈরি হওয়া) - Debt and poverty often create a vicious circle. Varied experience - Having diverse experiences (বৈচিত্র্যময় অভিজ্ঞতা) - Her varied experience makes her a great candidate for the job. Vanishing point - The point at which something disappears or ceases to exist (যে বিন্দুতে কিছু অদৃশ্য বা অস্তিত্বহীন হয়ে যায়) - The hikers disappeared into the vanishing point of the horizon. Vouch for - To confirm or guarantee (নিশ্চিত করা বা গ্যারান্টি দেওয়া) - I can vouch for his honesty. Vital signs - Essential indications of life (জীবনের মৌলিক লক্ষণ) - The doctor checked her vital signs. Virtue is its own reward - Doing good is rewarding in itself (ভাল কাজ করাই নিজে নিজেই পুরস্কৃত) - Helping others makes me feel good because virtue is its own reward. Value for money - Worth the price paid (দাম অনুযায়ী মূল্যবান) - This car offers great value for money. Volte-face - A complete change of opinion or position (মতামত বা অবস্থানের সম্পূর্ণ পরিবর্তন) - The politician made a surprising volte-face on the issue. W Water under the bridge - Past events that are no longer important (অতীত ঘটনা যা আর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নয়) - Let's forget about our old arguments; it's all water under the bridge now. Walking on air - Very happy (খুব খুশি) - She was walking on air after hearing the good news. Wild goose chase - A futile or hopeless pursuit (অলীক বা নিরর্থক অনুসন্ধান) - Trying to find him in that big city was like a wild goose chase. Wear one's heart on one's sleeve - To show one's emotions openly (খোলাখুলি অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করা) - He's the type of person who wears his heart on his sleeve. With flying colors - With great success (বড় সফলতার সাথে) - She passed her exams with flying colors. Wolf in sheep's clothing - Someone who hides malicious intent under a facade of kindness (যে ব্যক্তি মনের খারাপ উদ্দেশ্য লুকিয়ে রাখে) - Be careful of him; he's a wolf in sheep's clothing. Weather the storm - Survive a difficult situation (কঠিন পরিস্থিতি থেকে বেঁচে থাকা) - The company managed to weather the storm of the economic downturn. Wild card - An unpredictable factor (অপ্রত্যাশিত উপাদান) - He is the wild card in this competition; you never know what he will do next. Wake-up call - An event that alerts people to a problem (কোনো সমস্যার বিষয়ে সচেতন করার ঘটনা) - The accident was a wake-up call for safer driving practices. Word of mouth - Information spread by people talking (কথার মাধ্যমে ছড়ানো তথ্য) - The restaurant became popular by word of mouth. Watch your back - Be careful of potential danger (সম্ভাব্য বিপদ সম্পর্কে সতর্ক থাকা) - In this business, you always have to watch your back. Wear and tear - Damage resulting from normal use (স্বাভাবিক ব্যবহারে ক্ষতি) - The car is in good condition except for some minor wear and tear. Win-win situation - A scenario where all parties benefit (যেখানে সবাই উপকৃত হয়) - The agreement is a win-win situation for both companies. Water off a duck's back - An insult or criticism that has no effect (কোনো প্রভাব ফেলছে না এমন অপমান বা সমালোচনা) - His comments were like water off a duck's back to her. Whole nine yards - Everything; all the way (সবকিছু; পুরোপুরি) - They went the whole nine yards for their daughter's wedding. Y You can’t judge a book by its cover - Don’t judge someone or something by appearances alone (বাহ্যিক চেহারা দেখে বিচার করা উচিত নয়) - You can't judge a book by its cover; he might look rough, but he's very kind. You bet - Certainly; of course (অবশ্যই) - Are you coming to the party? You bet! You can say that again - I completely agree (পুরোপুরি একমত) - This heat is unbearable. You can say that again. Your guess is as good as mine - I have no idea either (আমিও কিছু জানি না) - When will they arrive? Your guess is as good as mine. You reap what you sow - Your actions determine what happens to you (তোমার কাজের ফল তুমি ভোগ করবে) - If you work hard, you'll succeed. You reap what you sow. You’re barking up the wrong tree - You’re looking in the wrong place (ভুল জায়গায় খোঁজা) - If you think he's lying, you're barking up the wrong tree. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink - You can give someone an opportunity, but you can’t force them to take it (তুমি কাউকে সুযোগ দিতে পারো, কিন্তু তাকে তা গ্রহণ করতে বাধ্য করতে পারবে না) - I gave him the job offer, but he didn't accept. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. You win some, you lose some - You can't always succeed (তুমি সবসময় সফল হতে পারবে না) - Don't worry about the failed project. You win some, you lose some. Your heart goes out to someone - Feel sympathy for someone (কাউকে সহানুভূতি অনুভব করা) - My heart goes out to those affected by the earthquake. You’ve hit the nail on the head - You’re exactly right (তুমি ঠিক বলেছো) - That's exactly what I was thinking. You've hit the nail on the head. You’re pulling my leg - You’re joking or teasing me (তুমি আমার সাথে মজা করছো) - You won the lottery? You're pulling my leg! You’re in hot water - You’re in trouble (তুমি সমস্যায় পড়েছো) - If your boss finds out, you're in hot water. You’re in the same boat - You’re in the same situation (তুমি একই পরিস্থিতিতে আছো) - We're both struggling with the new system. You're in the same boat. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours - If you help me, I’ll help you (তুমি আমাকে সাহায্য করলে, আমিও তোমাকে সাহায্য করবো) - I'll help you with your project, and you help me with mine. You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours. You’ve got to be kidding - Expressing disbelief or surprise (অবিশ্বাস বা বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করা) - They canceled the concert? You've got to be kidding! Z Zero in on - Focus closely on (মনে মনোযোগ দেওয়া) - We need to zero in on the most pressing issues. Zip your lip - Keep quiet (চুপ করে থাকা) - Zip your lip about the surprise party. Zigzag - Move in sharp turns (উল্টো পাল্টা চলা) - The car had to zigzag to avoid the obstacles on the road. Zero tolerance - No allowance for mistakes or violations (ভুল বা লঙ্ঘনের জন্য কোনো ছাড় নেই) - The company has a zero tolerance policy for harassment. Zeal and enthusiasm - Great energy and excitement (বিশাল উদ্যম এবং উৎসাহ) - She approached the new project with zeal and enthusiasm. Zone out - Become inattentive or daydream (অমনোযোগী বা স্বপ্ন দেখা) - He tends to zone out during long meetings. Zest for life - Enjoyment of life (জীবনের প্রতি আনন্দ) - Her zest for life is truly infectious. Zenith - The highest point (সর্বোচ্চ স্থান) - The company's profits reached their zenith last year. Zero-sum game - A situation where one party's gain is another party's loss (একটি পরিস্থিতি যেখানে একজনের লাভ অন্যের ক্ষতি) - In a zero-sum game, any gain is offset by a corresponding loss. Zip along - Move quickly (দ্রুত চলা) - The sports car zipped along the highway.

Subject: English 2nd Paper suggestion (2023 all Board Questions and Test Exam Questions included) Part A: Grammar (60 marks) Gap filling activities without clues (for prepositions) Answer Gap filling activities with clues (special uses) Answer Completing sentences (with clauses/ phrases) Answer Use of verbs Answer Narrative style (direct to indirect and vice versa) Answer Use of modifiers Answer Use of sentence connectors Answer Use of synonym and antonym Answer Punctuation Answer Key to Grammar Suggestion Part-B: Composition (40 marks) Writing Part Suggestion Source: Lecture Sure Success Suggestion Book May-2024

Here is the list of the verbs after which we should use present participle 1. **Acknowledge** (accept or admit the existence or truth of): He acknowledged being at fault. 2. **Admit** (confess to be true or to be the case): She admitted cheating on the test. 3. **Advise** (offer suggestions about the best course of action): They advised taking the early flight. 4. **Allow** (give permission): They allow smoking in this area. 5. **Anticipate** (expect or predict): I anticipate having a good time. 6. **Appreciate** (recognize the full worth of): I appreciate you helping me. 7. **Avoid** (keep away from): He avoids talking to strangers. 8. **Begin** (start): She began crying when she heard the news. 9. **Consider** (think carefully about): We considered moving to another city. 10. **Continue** (persist in an activity): He continued working despite the pain. 11. **Delay** (postpone): They delayed announcing the results. 12. **Deny** (refuse to admit): She denied stealing the money. 13. **Discuss** (talk about): We discussed going on a trip. 14. **Dislike** (feel distaste for): I dislike waiting in long lines. 15. **Enjoy** (take delight in): He enjoys playing the guitar. 16. **Finish** (bring to an end): She finished writing her report. 17. **Imagine** (form a mental image of): I can’t imagine living without a phone. 18. **Involve** (include as a necessary part): The job involves traveling a lot. 19. **Keep** (continue doing): He keeps talking during the lecture. 20. **Mention** (refer to briefly): She mentioned seeing him at the store. 21. **Mind** (be bothered by): Do you mind opening the window? 22. **Miss** (fail to see or notice): I miss seeing my old friends. 23. **Postpone** (delay): They postponed meeting until next week. 24. **Practice** (perform an activity repeatedly): She practices speaking English every day. 25. **Prevent** (stop from happening): They prevented him from entering the building. 26. **Propose** (suggest a plan): She proposed going to the beach. 27. **Quit** (stop doing): He quit smoking last year. 28. **Recommend** (suggest): I recommend trying the new restaurant. 29. **Regret** (feel sorrow or remorse): I regret not studying harder. 30. **Resist** (withstand the action or effect of): She couldn’t resist eating the cake. 31. **Risk** (expose to danger): He risks losing his job. 32. **Suggest** (propose a solution): They suggested going to the museum. 33. **Tolerate** (allow the existence or occurrence of): She can’t tolerate being late.

Riddle: I speak without a mouth and hear without ears. I have no body, but I come alive with wind. What am I? Answer: An echo Riddle: I can fly without wings. I can cry without eyes. Wherever I go, darkness flies. What am I? Answer: A cloud Riddle: What has keys but can't open locks? Answer: A piano Riddle: What gets wetter as it dries? Answer: A towel Riddle: The more of this there is, the less you see. What is it? Answer: Darkness Riddle: What has a heart that doesn’t beat? Answer: An artichoke Riddle: I can be cracked, made, told, and played. What am I? Answer: A joke Riddle: What has cities, but no houses; forests, but no trees; and rivers, but no water? Answer: A map Riddle: I am always hungry and will die if not fed, but whatever I touch will soon turn red. What am I? Answer: Fire Riddle: The more you take, the more you leave behind. What am I? Answer: Footsteps Riddle: I have branches, but no fruit, trunk, or leaves. What am I? Answer: A bank Riddle: What can travel around the world while staying in a corner? Answer: A stamp Riddle: What has one eye, but can’t see? Answer: A needle Riddle: I’m tall when I’m young, and I’m short when I’m old. What am I? Answer: A candle Riddle: What is full of holes but still holds water? Answer: A sponge Riddle: What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never in a thousand years? Answer: The letter M Riddle: What goes up but never comes down? Answer: Your age Riddle: I am not alive, but I grow; I don’t have lungs, but I need air; I don’t have a mouth, but water kills me. What am I? Answer: Fire Riddle: What runs, but never walks; has a mouth, but never talks; has a head, but never weeps; has a bed, but never sleeps? Answer: A river Riddle: What can you hold in your left hand but not in your right? Answer: Your right elbow Riddle: What has a neck but no head? Answer: A bottle Riddle: What is so fragile that saying its name breaks it? Answer: Silence Riddle: What has to be broken before you can use it? Answer: An egg Riddle: I’m found in socks, scarves, and mittens; and often in the paws of playful kittens. What am I? Answer: Yarn Riddle: What has hands but can’t clap? Answer: A clock Riddle: I’m light as a feather, yet the strongest man can’t hold me for much more than a minute. What am I? Answer: Breath Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What building has the most stories? Answer: The library Riddle: What can you catch, but not throw? Answer: A cold Riddle: What is black when it’s clean and white when it’s dirty? Answer: A chalkboard Riddle: I’m not alive, but I can grow; I don’t have eyes, but once I did see; once I had thoughts, but now I’m white and empty. What am I? Answer: A skull Riddle: What comes down but never goes up? Answer: Rain Riddle: What is always in front of you but can’t be seen? Answer: The future Riddle: I shave every day, but my beard stays the same. What am I? Answer: A barber Riddle: I can fill a room, or just one heart. Others can have me, but I can’t be shared. What am I? Answer: Loneliness Riddle: What can be seen once in a year, twice in a week, and never in a day? Answer: The letter E Riddle: What is always coming but never arrives? Answer: Tomorrow Riddle: I am taken from a mine, and shut up in a wooden case, from which I am never released, and yet I am used by almost every person. What am I? Answer: Pencil lead Riddle: What can you break, even if you never pick it up or touch it? Answer: A promise Riddle: What word is pronounced the same if you take away four of its five letters? Answer: Queue Riddle: What is so delicate that even mentioning it breaks it? Answer: Silence Riddle: The more you have of it, the less you see. What is it? Answer: Darkness Riddle: What gets bigger the more you take away? Answer: A hole Riddle: I have keys but open no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter, but you can’t go outside. What am I? Answer: A keyboard Riddle: What kind of coat is best put on wet? Answer: A coat of paint Riddle: What can fill a room but takes up no space? Answer: Light Riddle: I go in hard, come out soft, and never mind if you want to blow me. What am I? Answer: Chewing gum Riddle: What can run but never walks, has a mouth but never talks, has a head but never weeps, has a bed but never sleeps? Answer: A river Riddle: What has an eye but cannot see? Answer: A needle Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What has many keys but can't open a single lock? Answer: A piano Riddle: What has hands but cannot clap? Answer: A clock Riddle: What is full of holes but still holds water? Answer: A sponge Riddle: What can you hold in your left hand but not in your right? Answer: Your right elbow Riddle: What can one catch that is not thrown? Answer: A cold Riddle: What goes up and down but does not move? Answer: A staircase Riddle: What has one eye but cannot see? Answer: A needle Riddle: What has many teeth but can’t bite? Answer: A comb Riddle: What has words, but never speaks? Answer: A book Riddle: What runs around the whole yard without moving? Answer: A fence Riddle: What has a thumb and four fingers but is not alive? Answer: A glove Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What has a heart that doesn’t beat? Answer: An artichoke Riddle: What kind of room has no doors or windows? Answer: A mushroom Riddle: What can travel around the world while staying in a corner? Answer: A stamp Riddle: What gets wetter as it dries? Answer: A towel Riddle: What goes through cities and fields, but never moves? Answer: A road Riddle: What has a neck but no head? Answer: A bottle Riddle: What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never in a thousand years? Answer: The letter M

Sentence A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and typically consists of a subject and a predicate. Here are the main parts of a sentence: 1. Subject: The part of the sentence that indicates what or who the sentence is about. It usually contains a noun or pronoun. 2. Predicate: The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject. It usually contains a verb and can include objects, complements, and modifiers. Examples of Sentences with Main Parts Identified 1. Simple Sentences: - Subject: The cat | Predicate: slept. - "The cat slept." - Subject: She | Predicate: sings beautifully. - "She sings beautifully." 2. Compound Sentences (two independent clauses joined by a conjunction): - Subject: I | Predicate: went to the store | Conjunction: and | Subject: I | Predicate: bought some milk. - "I went to the store, and I bought some milk." - Subject: He | Predicate: likes tea | Conjunction: but | Subject: she | Predicate: prefers coffee. - "He likes tea, but she prefers coffee." 3. Complex Sentences (an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses): - Independent Clause: She smiled | Dependent Clause: because she was happy. - "She smiled because she was happy." - Independent Clause: I will go to the park | Dependent Clause: if it doesn't rain. - "I will go to the park if it doesn't rain." 4. Compound-Complex Sentences (at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses): - Independent Clause: I finished my homework | Conjunction: and | Independent Clause: I watched TV | Dependent Clause: after I had dinner. - "I finished my homework, and I watched TV after I had dinner." - Independent Clause: She loves reading | Conjunction: but | Independent Clause: she didn't like the book | Dependent Clause: that I recommended. - "She loves reading, but she didn't like the book that I recommended." Breakdown of Sentence Parts 1. Subject Examples: - The dog barked loudly. ("The dog" is the subject) - He is running fast. ("He" is the subject) 2. Predicate Examples: - The dog barked loudly. ("barked loudly" is the predicate) - She is reading a book. ("is reading a book" is the predicate) 3. Direct Object (receives the action of the verb): - She kicked the ball. ("the ball" is the direct object) - He reads the newspaper. ("the newspaper" is the direct object) 4. Indirect Object (to whom or for whom the action is done): - She gave him a gift. ("him" is the indirect object) - He told us a story. ("us" is the indirect object) 5. Complement (provides more information about the subject or object): - She is a teacher. ("a teacher" is a subject complement) - They named the baby James. ("James" is an object complement) Subject, Object, Predicate, Complement Parts of a Sentence: Subject, Predicate, Object, Complement 1. Subject The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is performing the action or being described. Examples: - The cat sleeps. - ("The cat" is the subject.) - She is reading. - ("She" is the subject.) - A large tree fell in the storm. - ("A large tree" is the subject.) 2. Predicate The predicate of a sentence tells something about the subject. It includes the verb and can also include objects, complements, and modifiers. Examples: - The cat sleeps. - ("sleeps" is the predicate.) - She is reading. - ("is reading" is the predicate.) - A large tree fell in the storm. - ("fell in the storm" is the predicate.) 3. Object An object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. Objects can be direct or indirect. - Direct Object: Receives the action of the verb directly. - Indirect Object: Indicates to whom or for whom the action is performed. Examples: - Direct Object: - She kicked the ball. - ("the ball" is the direct object.) - He reads a book. - ("a book" is the direct object.) - Indirect Object: - She gave him a gift. - ("him" is the indirect object, "a gift" is the direct object.) - He told us a story. - ("us" is the indirect object, "a story" is the direct object.) 4. Complement Complements complete the meaning of the subject or object. They can be subject complements or object complements. - Subject Complement: Follows a linking verb and provides more information about the subject. - Object Complement: Provides more information about the object. Examples: - Subject Complement: - She is a teacher. - ("a teacher" is the subject complement, linked to "she" by the verb "is.") - They seem happy. - ("happy" is the subject complement, describing "they.") - Object Complement: - They named the baby James. - ("James" is the object complement, providing more information about "the baby.") - The committee elected him chairman. - ("chairman" is the object complement, providing more information about "him.") Detailed Examples and Explanations 1. Subject and Predicate: - The dog (subject) barked loudly (predicate). - The sentence is about "the dog" (subject) performing the action of barking loudly (predicate). - The teacher (subject) explained the lesson (predicate). - "The teacher" (subject) is doing the action of explaining the lesson (predicate). 2. Subject, Predicate, and Direct Object: - John (subject) ate (predicate) an apple (direct object). - "John" (subject) performs the action of eating (predicate) and "an apple" (direct object) receives the action. - Mary (subject) wrote (predicate) a letter (direct object). - "Mary" (subject) performs the action of writing (predicate) and "a letter" (direct object) receives the action. 3. Subject, Predicate, Direct Object, and Indirect Object: - Sara (subject) gave (predicate) her friend (indirect object) a gift (direct object). - "Sara" (subject) performs the action of giving (predicate), "her friend" (indirect object) is the recipient of the action, and "a gift" (direct object) is the thing given. - The chef (subject) cooked (predicate) the guests (indirect object) a meal (direct object). - "The chef" (subject) performs the action of cooking (predicate), "the guests" (indirect object) are the recipients, and "a meal" (direct object) is the thing cooked. 4. Subject, Predicate, and Subject Complement: - The sky (subject) is (predicate) blue (subject complement). - "The sky" (subject) is described by "blue" (subject complement), linked by the verb "is" (predicate). - The winner (subject) was (predicate) happy (subject complement). - "The winner" (subject) is described by "happy" (subject complement), linked by the verb "was" (predicate). 5. Subject, Predicate, Direct Object, and Object Complement: - They (subject) called (predicate) him (direct object) a genius (object complement). - "They" (subject) performs the action of calling (predicate), "him" (direct object) receives the action, and "a genius" (object complement) provides more information about "him." - The manager (subject) appointed (predicate) Susan (direct object) team leader (object complement). - "The manager" (subject) performs the action of appointing (predicate), "Susan" (direct object) receives the action, and "team leader" (object complement) provides more information about "Susan." Types of Sentences ( According to Meaning) Sentences can be categorized according to their meaning into five main types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, optative and exclamatory. 1. Declarative Sentences Description: Declarative sentences make statements or express opinions. They provide information and end with a period. They are the most common type of sentences used in both written and spoken language. Examples: The sun rises in the east. She enjoys reading books in her free time. The company plans to expand its operations next year. Chocolate cake is my favorite dessert. The cat slept on the warm, cozy blanket. 2. Interrogative Sentences Description: Interrogative sentences ask questions. They seek information and end with a question mark. These sentences often begin with words like who, what, where, when, why, how, or auxiliary verbs like is, are, do, does, have, and can. Examples: What time is the meeting scheduled for? How do you solve this math problem? Are you coming to the party tonight? Where did you buy that beautiful dress? Have you ever traveled to another country? 3. Imperative Sentences Description: Imperative sentences give commands, make requests, or offer invitations. They usually end with a period but can also end with an exclamation mark. The subject (you) is often implied rather than explicitly stated. Examples: Please pass the salt. Close the door behind you. Finish your homework before going out to play. Call me when you get home. Stop talking during the movie! 4. Optative Sentences Description: Optative sentences express wishes, hopes, or prayers. They often start with words like "may" or "wish" and end with a period or an exclamation mark. These sentences convey the speaker's desire for something to happen. Examples: May you have a long and happy life. I wish you all the best in your new job! May you succeed in all your endeavors. Wish you a speedy recovery! May peace be upon you. 5. Exclamatory Sentences Description: Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions or feelings such as surprise, joy, anger, or excitement. They always end with an exclamation mark. These sentences often begin with words like what or how. Examples: What a beautiful sunset! How exciting this adventure is! I can’t believe we won the game! That’s an incredible idea! Watch out for the car! Types of Sentences ( According to Structure) Sentences can be classified according to their structure into four main types: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. Each type has a unique structure and function, allowing for varied and nuanced expression in writing and speaking. Here's a detailed description of each type, along with ample examples. 1. Simple Sentences Description: A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause. It contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. Simple sentences are straightforward and clear. Examples: The dog barked. She reads every night. The sun is shining. They played soccer. I love ice cream. 2. Compound Sentences Description: A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon. Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. Examples: I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain. She likes to read books, and he enjoys watching movies. The cat jumped on the couch; the dog followed it. We can go to the park, or we can stay home. He studied hard, so he passed the exam. 3. Complex Sentences Description: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone and is introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since, although, if, when, etc. Examples: Although it was raining, we went for a hike. She was happy because she got a promotion. When the movie ended, everyone clapped. If you need help, just let me know. Since it was late, he decided to go to bed. 4. Compound-Complex Sentences Description: A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. This type of sentence combines elements of both compound and complex sentences. Examples: Although it was raining, we went for a hike, and we enjoyed it. She was happy because she got a promotion, but she knew it would be more work. When the movie ended, everyone clapped, and they left the theater. If you need help, just let me know, and I will be there. Since it was late, he decided to go to bed, but he couldn't fall asleep. Exercises: Identify the Sentence Type The flowers in the garden are blooming beautifully. Where did you put the keys? May you find happiness in your new journey. Turn off the lights when you leave the room. How amazing that performance was! She finished her project ahead of the deadline. Can you help me with this assignment? I wish you a safe and pleasant trip! Please take out the trash. What an incredible surprise! He enjoys hiking on weekends. Why is the sky blue? May all your dreams come true! Don't forget to water the plants. That was the best concert ever! They plan to visit their grandparents next month. Who is the author of this book? Wish you a joyful holiday season! Complete the form and submit it by tomorrow. Wow, that cake looks delicious! The new restaurant opened last week. How do you make this dish? May your day be filled with joy and laughter. Sit down and relax for a while. What a breathtaking view! The movie was very entertaining. Are you going to the meeting tomorrow? Have a great time at the party! Please read the instructions carefully. How wonderful to see you again! Answers Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Answers with Explanation Declarative Sentence - The flowers in the garden are blooming beautifully. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Where did you put the keys? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May you find happiness in your new journey. Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Turn off the lights when you leave the room. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - How amazing that performance was! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - She finished her project ahead of the deadline. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Can you help me with this assignment? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - I wish you a safe and pleasant trip! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Please take out the trash. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - What an incredible surprise! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - He enjoys hiking on weekends. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Why is the sky blue? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May all your dreams come true! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Don't forget to water the plants. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - That was the best concert ever! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - They plan to visit their grandparents next month. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Who is the author of this book? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - Wish you a joyful holiday season! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Complete the form and submit it by tomorrow. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - Wow, that cake looks delicious! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - The new restaurant opened last week. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - How do you make this dish? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May your day be filled with joy and laughter. Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Sit down and relax for a while. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - What a breathtaking view! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - The movie was very entertaining. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Are you going to the meeting tomorrow? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - Have a great time at the party! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Please read the instructions carefully. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - How wonderful to see you again! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Identify each as either a simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence. Sentences to Identify She loves to watch movies. I wanted to go for a run, but it started to rain. When he arrived at the party, everyone cheered. The dog barked loudly, and the neighbors complained. If you finish your homework, you can play video games. The sun set, and the stars appeared in the sky. Because she was late, she missed the bus, and she had to walk. He likes pizza, but he doesn't like pasta. After the storm passed, the children went outside to play. The book on the table is mine. She smiled when she saw her friend. The baby cried, and the mother comforted him. Although it was cold, they decided to go for a swim. He studied for the exam, and he felt confident about his answers. If you need help, ask me, and I will assist you. The cat slept on the couch all day. We went to the park because the weather was nice. She is a great singer, but she never sings in public. When the sun rises, the birds start to sing, and the day begins. He wanted to buy a car, but he didn't have enough money. Since he moved to the city, he has made many new friends. The teacher explained the lesson, and the students took notes. Although it was raining, they played soccer, and they had a great time. She was happy with her new job. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. The cake tastes delicious. He forgot his keys, so he couldn't enter the house. When she arrived at the station, the train had already left. She enjoys reading books, and she loves to write stories. Because he was tired, he went to bed early. Answers Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Answers with Explanation Simple Sentence - She loves to watch movies. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Compound Sentence - I wanted to go for a run, but it started to rain. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - When he arrived at the party, everyone cheered. Contains one independent clause ("everyone cheered") and one dependent clause ("When he arrived at the party"). Compound Sentence - The dog barked loudly, and the neighbors complained. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - If you finish your homework, you can play video games. Contains one independent clause ("you can play video games") and one dependent clause ("If you finish your homework"). Compound Sentence - The sun set, and the stars appeared in the sky. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Because she was late, she missed the bus, and she had to walk. Contains one dependent clause ("Because she was late") and two independent clauses ("she missed the bus" and "she had to walk"). Compound Sentence - He likes pizza, but he doesn't like pasta. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - After the storm passed, the children went outside to play. Contains one independent clause ("the children went outside to play") and one dependent clause ("After the storm passed"). Simple Sentence - The book on the table is mine. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - She smiled when she saw her friend. Contains one independent clause ("She smiled") and one dependent clause ("when she saw her friend"). Compound Sentence - The baby cried, and the mother comforted him. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - Although it was cold, they decided to go for a swim. Contains one independent clause ("they decided to go for a swim") and one dependent clause ("Although it was cold"). Compound Sentence - He studied for the exam, and he felt confident about his answers. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - If you need help, ask me, and I will assist you. Contains one dependent clause ("If you need help") and two independent clauses ("ask me" and "I will assist you"). Simple Sentence - The cat slept on the couch all day. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - We went to the park because the weather was nice. Contains one independent clause ("We went to the park") and one dependent clause ("because the weather was nice"). Compound Sentence - She is a great singer, but she never sings in public. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Compound-Complex Sentence - When the sun rises, the birds start to sing, and the day begins. Contains one dependent clause ("When the sun rises") and two independent clauses ("the birds start to sing" and "the day begins"). Compound Sentence - He wanted to buy a car, but he didn't have enough money. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - Since he moved to the city, he has made many new friends. Contains one independent clause ("he has made many new friends") and one dependent clause ("Since he moved to the city"). Compound Sentence - The teacher explained the lesson, and the students took notes. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Although it was raining, they played soccer, and they had a great time. Contains one dependent clause ("Although it was raining") and two independent clauses ("they played soccer" and "they had a great time"). Simple Sentence - She was happy with her new job. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. Contains one independent clause ("we will cancel the picnic") and one dependent clause ("If it rains tomorrow"). Simple Sentence - The cake tastes delicious. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Compound Sentence - He forgot his keys, so he couldn't enter the house. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "so". Complex Sentence - When she arrived at the station, the train had already left. Contains one independent clause ("the train had already left") and one dependent clause ("When she arrived at the station"). Compound Sentence - She enjoys reading books, and she loves to write stories. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - Because he was tired, he went to bed early. Contains one independent clause ("he went to bed early") and one dependent clause ("Because he was tired"). Exercise: Identify each as either a simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence. Advanced Exercise: Identify the Sentence Type While she was reading, her brother was playing video games, and their parents were cooking dinner. The scientist explained the theory in detail, and the audience listened attentively. After he had finished his work, he decided to go for a walk, but it started to rain. The student, who had studied all night, passed the exam with flying colors. If you want to succeed, you must work hard and stay focused on your goals. The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall, which everyone admired. Despite the challenges they faced, they managed to complete the project on time. The team won the match, and they celebrated their victory enthusiastically. Whenever she travels, she takes hundreds of photos, which she later organizes into albums. The cat, which had been missing for days, finally returned home, and the family was overjoyed. Although the weather was terrible, the outdoor concert continued, and the audience enjoyed it. The book, which was recommended by a friend, turned out to be very interesting. He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive. If you don't understand the instructions, you can ask for help. The city, known for its vibrant culture, attracts tourists from all over the world. After the meeting ended, everyone went back to their offices, and they resumed their work. She sings beautifully, and her performances are always captivating. The company will launch a new product next month, which they believe will be a great success. Because he was feeling sick, he stayed home from work, but he managed to get some rest. The children, excited about the trip, packed their bags eagerly. Although she was tired, she finished her assignment, and she submitted it on time. He read the book, which he found fascinating, in just two days. Whenever it rains, she likes to sit by the window and read a book. The conference, which was held in New York, attracted experts from various fields. Since he started exercising regularly, he has felt much healthier and more energetic. The dog barked loudly at the stranger, who quickly walked away. She enjoys hiking, but she doesn't like camping overnight. After they had dinner, they watched a movie and then went to bed. The musician, known for his talent, gave an incredible performance that night. If you plan your day well, you will have enough time to finish all your tasks. Answers Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Answers with Explanation Compound-Complex Sentence - While she was reading, her brother was playing video games, and their parents were cooking dinner. Contains two independent clauses ("her brother was playing video games" and "their parents were cooking dinner") and one dependent clause ("While she was reading"). Compound Sentence - The scientist explained the theory in detail, and the audience listened attentively. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - After he had finished his work, he decided to go for a walk, but it started to rain. Contains two independent clauses ("he decided to go for a walk" and "it started to rain") and one dependent clause ("After he had finished his work"). Complex Sentence - The student, who had studied all night, passed the exam with flying colors. Contains one independent clause ("The student passed the exam with flying colors") and one dependent clause ("who had studied all night"). Complex Sentence - If you want to succeed, you must work hard and stay focused on your goals. Contains one independent clause ("you must work hard and stay focused on your goals") and one dependent clause ("If you want to succeed"). Complex Sentence - The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall, which everyone admired. Contains one independent clause ("The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall") and one dependent clause ("which everyone admired"). Complex Sentence - Despite the challenges they faced, they managed to complete the project on time. Contains one independent clause ("they managed to complete the project on time") and one dependent clause ("Despite the challenges they faced"). Compound Sentence - The team won the match, and they celebrated their victory enthusiastically. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Whenever she travels, she takes hundreds of photos, which she later organizes into albums. Contains two independent clauses ("she takes hundreds of photos" and "she later organizes into albums") and one dependent clause ("Whenever she travels"). Compound-Complex Sentence - The cat, which had been missing for days, finally returned home, and the family was overjoyed. Contains two independent clauses ("The cat finally returned home" and "the family was overjoyed") and one dependent clause ("which had been missing for days"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Although the weather was terrible, the outdoor concert continued, and the audience enjoyed it. Contains two independent clauses ("the outdoor concert continued" and "the audience enjoyed it") and one dependent clause ("Although the weather was terrible"). Complex Sentence - The book, which was recommended by a friend, turned out to be very interesting. Contains one independent clause ("The book turned out to be very interesting") and one dependent clause ("which was recommended by a friend"). Simple Sentence - He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive. Contains one independent clause with a compound predicate ("He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive"). Complex Sentence - If you don't understand the instructions, you can ask for help. Contains one independent clause ("you can ask for help") and one dependent clause ("If you don't understand the instructions"). Complex Sentence - The city, known for its vibrant culture, attracts tourists from all over the world. Contains one independent clause ("The city attracts tourists from all over the world") and one dependent clause ("known for its vibrant culture"). Compound Sentence - After the meeting ended, everyone went back to their offices, and they resumed their work. Contains two independent clauses ("everyone went back to their offices" and "they resumed their work") joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound Sentence - She sings beautifully, and her performances are always captivating. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - The company will launch a new product next month, which they believe will be a great success. Contains one independent clause ("The company will launch a new product next month") and one dependent clause ("which they believe will be a great success"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Because he was feeling sick, he stayed home from work, but he managed to get some rest. Contains two independent clauses ("he stayed home from work" and "he managed to get some rest") and one dependent clause ("Because he was feeling sick"). Complex Sentence - The children, excited about the trip, packed their bags eagerly. Contains one independent clause ("The children packed their bags eagerly") and one dependent clause ("excited about the trip"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Although she was tired, she finished her assignment, and she submitted it on time. Contains two independent clauses ("she finished her assignment" and "she submitted it on time") and one dependent clause ("Although she was tired"). Complex Sentence - He read the book, which he found fascinating, in just two days. Contains one independent clause ("He read the book in just two days") and one dependent clause ("which he found fascinating"). Complex Sentence - Whenever it rains, she likes to sit by the window and read a book. Contains one independent clause ("she likes to sit by the window and read a book") and one dependent clause ("Whenever it rains"). Complex Sentence - The conference, which was held in New York, attracted experts from various fields. Contains one independent clause ("The conference attracted experts from various fields") and one dependent clause ("which was held in New York"). Complex Sentence - Since he started exercising regularly, he has felt much healthier and more energetic. Contains one independent clause ("he has felt much healthier and more energetic") and one dependent clause ("Since he started exercising regularly"). Complex Sentence - The dog barked loudly at the stranger, who quickly walked away. Contains one independent clause ("The dog barked loudly at the stranger") and one dependent clause ("who quickly walked away"). Compound Sentence - She enjoys hiking, but she doesn't like camping overnight. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Compound Sentence - After they had dinner, they watched a movie and then went to bed. Contains two independent clauses ("they watched a movie" and "they went to bed") joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - The musician, known for his talent, gave an incredible performance that night. Contains one independent clause ("The musician gave an incredible performance that night") and one dependent clause ("known for his talent"). Complex Sentence - If you plan your day well, you will have enough time to finish all your tasks. Contains one independent clause ("you will have enough time to finish all your tasks") and one dependent clause ("If you plan your day well").

Contents Sentence The parts of the sentence Phrase and Clause Kinds of sentence Run-on Sentence Sentence Fragments Parts of speech Same words different parts of speech Noun Classification of Noun Countable and Uncountable Noun Number Gender Case Appositive Pronoun Classification of Pronoun Person Pronoun referencing Pronoun-Antecedent agreement Adjective Classification of Adjective Comparison of Adjective Article Verb 6.1 Classification of verb 6.2 Modal Verbs 6.3 Gerund 6.4 Participle 6.5 Infinitive 6.6 Tense 6.7 Sequence of Tense 6.8 Right form of Verb/word 6.9 Conjugation of Verb 6.10 Subject –Verb Agreement 6.11 Confusing Verb 7.Conditional 8. Adverb 8.1 Classification of Adverb 8.2Position of adverb 8.3Comparison of adverb ​​ 9. Preposition Classification of Preposition Appropriate preposition Rules for using Preposition 10.Conjunction 11.Interjection 12. Affirmative and Negative Agreement 13.Appositive 14.Clauses Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverbial Clause Relative Claus Completing sentences Correction 15.1 Pin Pointing Error Ellipsis Introductory it/there Inversion Linking words/Sentence Connector Modifiers Determiners Dangling modifiers Mood Narration Phrases Phrasal Verb Prefixes and Suffixes Punctuation Question Making Question Tag WH Question Embedded Question Sentence Completion Sentence Patterns Parallelism Spelling Subjunctive Synthesis of Sentences/Joining Sentence Synonyms and Antonyms Transformation Transformation of sentences Transformation of simple, complex, compound Transformation of Degree Usage of English/Phrases/Words Voice Confusing Words

Chattogram Board-2023 Sub Code 1 0 8 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] 1.Complete the text with suitable prepositions.                                                                                         .5x10=5 Corruption is a curse (a) ~~ a nation. It is a great hindrance (b) ~~ development. (c) ~~ corrupt people, a nation will surely sink (d) ~~ oblivion. Corrupt people are hated by all. The common people have no respect (e) ~~ them. They are devoid (f) ~~ honesty. They stick (g) ~~ their evil activities. They do not abide (h) ~~ the social rules. Morality does not have any effect (i) ~~ them. They bring nothing for the nation. It is high time we stood (j) ~~ them. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box.                                                                  .5x10=5 as soon as had better has to would rather what's it like what does......... look like there it was born let alone (a)     A good citizen ~~ perform a lot of things. These things will enable him to become a true patriot. (b)    ~~ is no fish here. It's a swimming pool. (c)     Mr. Habib is an honest man. He ~~ starve than take bribe. (d)    ~~ walking alone through a forest? I had never faced such a situation. (e)    ~~ she finished her work, she called her father. (f)      Sumi : Mom, ~~ a fox ~~? Mother : Well, it is somewhat like dog. (g)     He is very miserly. He doesn't help his neighbours, ~~ the villagers. (h)    I went to my village home on foot. ~~ took me two hours to reach there. (i)      The weather is getting worse. I ~~ start for home. My parents will be anxious for me. (j)      Tennyson was a great victorian poet. He ~~ in England. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases.                                                                                  1x10=10 (a)     We take physical exercise so that ~~. (b)     Air is polluted in many ways. It is high time ~~. (c)     Prosperity does not come in one's life automatically. If ~~, you can't prosper in life. (d)     Time is very important in our life. You can't succeed in life unless ~~. (e)     He wrote very quickly. He had finished the exam before the ~~. (f)      A village doctor is a person who ~~. He is the best friend to the villagers. (g)     We all are attracted to gold. But ~~ is not gold. (h)     I am fond of cricket. I wish ~~. (i)      He walks slowly lest ~~. (j)      He is dull headed. The poem is too difficult ~~. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5x14=7 While (a) ~~ (eat) food, we should (b) ~~ (bear) in mind that we don't eat just to (c) ~~ (satisfy) hunger or to (d) ~~ (fill) the belly. We eat to (e) ~~ (preserve) our health. For good health, a man (f) ~~ (eat) good food. Sometimes, it so (g) ~~ (happen) that people who (h) ~~ (live) even in the midst of plenty do not (i) ~~ (eat) the food they need for good health. Actually, they (j) ~~ (have) no knowledge of health and nutrition. They don't know how to (k) ~~ (select) a balanced diet from the many foods that (l) ~~ (be) available to them. Besides, foods are being (m) ~~ (adulterate) in many ways nowadays. So, it is high time we (n) ~~ (select) right kind of foods for avoiding health hazard. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                                                                          7 "What's your dream? Do you have any dream?" said Zayed. "Yes, I have a dream. My dream is a full plate of rice." said Robi. "Come with me. I am going to materialize your dream." "How kind you are!" said Robi. 6. Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed.                                                                  .5x10=5 We know that (a) ~~ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) species are important for maintaining (b)  ~~ (pre-modify the noun) balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment changes (c)   ~~ (post-modify the verb). In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, we should protect (d) ~~ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) wildlife. (e) ~~ (use determiner to pre­modify the noun phrase) good news is that many countries are taking action (f) ~~ (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). George Lay Cock, (g) ~~ (use appositive to post-modify the noun) writes, "Mankind must develop a concern for wild creatures and determine that (h) ~~ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) wild species will not perish (i) ~~ (use prepositional phrase as post-modifier). We have to save wild animals (j) ~~ (use relative clause as post-modifier). 7. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage.                                                .5x14=7 Early rising is one of the best habits (a) ~~ a man can possess. (b) ~~, the benefits of early rising are many. (c) ~~, if we get up early, we get enough time to work. (d) ~~, we can enjoy the fresh air of the morning which refreshes our body and mind. (e) ~~, we can take some exercises or a walk. (f)     ~~, in the morning nature smiles with colourful flowers and chirping of birds. (g)    ~~, early rising takes us to close contact with wonderful world of nature. (h) ~~, if we do not get up early in the morning, we will suffer a lot. (i) ~~, we do not have enough time to do our work. (j) ~~, we cannot finish our work in time. (k) ~~, late rising from bed tells upon our health. (l) ~~, we can never enjoy the freshness of nature. (m) ~~, early rising keeps us safe and sound both physically and mentally. (n) ~~, we should make a habit of early rising. 8. Read the passage below and then write the synonym or antonym of the words as directed. .5x14=7 A good writer  may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker  or make a good recitation.  Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy.  The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness  should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible possible.  If we become serious in our intention,  we can shine  in life. Otherwise, we will suffer  a lot and our life will fill up with unhappiness. (a) writer (synonym); (b) good (antonym); (c) speaker (synonym); (d) recitation (synonym); (e) impossible (synonym); (f) lazy (antonym); (g) sincerity (antonym); (h) seriousness (synonym); (i) consideration (synonym); (j) possible (antonym); (k) intention (synonym); (l) shine (synonym); (m) suffer (synonym); (n) unhappiness (antonym). 9. There are fourteen errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text correcting the errors.  .5x14=7 Student : May I come in Sir Principal : Yes come in. What is your problem Student : I want to change my 4th subject Sir. Principal : Why Student : Sir Mathematics is now my 4th subject but it seems to me very difficult. So I want to take biology instead of Mathematics. Principal : Do you think biology is an easy subject Student : Not easy. Sir but easier than mathematics. Principal : Ok Write an application. Remember your application must be endorsed by your guardian. Otherwise, it will not be accepted. Part B : Composition (40 Marks) 10. Suppose, you are a student of 'X' College. There is no multimedia classroom in your college. Now, write an application to the Principal for setting up multimedia classrooms.                                                          10 11. Write a paragraph on "The War of Independence of Bangladesh" within 200 words.                                                      15 12. Write a paragraph on "Environment Pollution" mentioning its causes and effects within 200 words. Key To Chattogram Board-2023 English : Paper II Part A : Grammar 1. Use of prepositions (a) to/of; (b) to; (c) For; (d) into; (e) for; (f) of; (g) to; (h) by; (i) on; (j) against. 2. Use of phrases/words (a) has to; (b) There; (c) would rather; (d) What's it like; (e) As soon as; (f) what's does look like; (g) let alone; (h) It; (i) had better; (j) was born. 3. Completing sentences (a) We take physical exercise so that we can keep our body fit. (b) Air is polluted in many ways. It is high time we stopped air pollution. (c) Prosperity does not come in one's life automatically. If you do not work hard, you can't prosper in life. (d) Time is very important in our life. You can't succeed in life unless you utilize your time properly. (e) He wrote very quickly. He had finished the exam before the final bell rang. (f) A village doctor is a person who treats the sick villagers. He is the best friend to the villagers. (g) We all are attracted to gold. But all that glitters is not gold. (h) I am fond of cricket. I wish I were a cricketer/I could be a cricket player in our national team. (i) He walks slowly lest he should fall down on the wet and slippery road. (j) He is dull headed. The poem is too difficult for him to understand it fully. 4. Right form of verbs (a) eating; (b) bear; (c) satisfy; (d) fill; (e) preserve; (f) should eat; (g) happens; (h) live; (i) eat; (j) have; (k) select; (l) are; (m) adulterated; (n) selected. 5. Changing the form of speech Zayed asked Robi what his (R) dream was. He (Z) again asked him if he (R) had any dream. Robi tenderly replied in the affirmative that he (R) had a dream. He (R) added that his (R) dream was a full plate of rice. Instantly, Zayed told him (R) to go with him (Z). He (Z) added that he (Z) was going to materialize his (R) dream. Robi exclaimed in wonder that he (Z) was very kind. 6. Use of modifiers (a) all; (b) ecological; (c) often for worse/greatly/certainly; (d) our; (e) The; (f) to protect their endangered species; (g) author of several books on wildlife; (h) these; (i) owing to our callousness; (j) that save ourselves. 7. Use of sentence connectors (a) that; (b) However/In fact/ Truly speaking; (c) Firstly/First; (d) Secondly; (e) Thirdly; (f) Besides/Moreover; (g) Thus/So; (h) On the contrary/Contrarily/On the other hand; (i) Firstly; (j) Secondly; (k) Thirdly; (l) Moreover; (m) Thus; (n) So/Therefore/Hence. 8. Use of synonym and antonym (a) author; (b) bad; (c) lecturer/orator; (d) rendering/recital/reading/narration; (e) unachievable /unattainable/unfeasible/impracticable; (f) active/industrious/diligent/ persevering;(g)insincerity/indifference/apathy; (h) sincerity/solemnity/earnestness/ commitment/resolution; (i) thought/mind/mentality; (j) impossible; (k) desire/wish/aim; (l) prosper/thrive/progress; (m) endure/experience; (n) happiness. 9. Use of punctuation marks Student : May I come in, Sir? Principal : Yes, come in. What is your problem? Student : I want to change my 4th subject, Sir. Principal : Why? Student : Sir, Mathematics is now my 4th subject, but it seems to me very difficult. So, I want to take Biology instead of Mathematics. Principal : Do you think Biology is an easy subject? Student : Not easy, sir, but easier than Mathematics. Principal : OK. Write an application. Remember, your application must be endorsed by your guardian; otherwise, it will not be accepted.

Sentence Openers Sentence openers are phrases or words used at the beginning of a sentence to grab the reader's attention, introduce a new idea, or establish the tone and direction of the writing. They serve as the gateway to the content that follows and play a crucial role in setting the stage for what is to come in the text. The importance of using sentence openers in writing can be understood from several perspectives: 1.      Engagement: Sentence openers are instrumental in capturing the reader's interest from the outset. By starting with a compelling opener, writers can hook the reader and encourage them to continue reading. 2.      Clarity: Effective sentence openers provide clarity by signaling the direction or focus of the writing. They help orient the reader and establish context, making it easier for them to follow the flow of ideas throughout the text. 3.      Variety: Using a diverse range of sentence openers enhances the overall quality of writing. By incorporating different types of openers such as adjectives, adverbs, questions, quotations, or comparisons, writers can add richness and depth to their prose, keeping the reader engaged and attentive. 4.      Organization: Sentence openers contribute to the overall organization and structure of a piece of writing. They serve as transition points between paragraphs or sections, guiding the reader through the logical progression of ideas and ensuring coherence and cohesion in the text. 5.      Impact: Well-crafted sentence openers have the power to make a lasting impression on the reader. They can evoke emotions, provoke thought, or convey a sense of urgency, effectively communicating the writer's message and leaving a memorable impact. In summary, sentence openers are essential tools in writing that not only captivate the reader's attention but also facilitate clarity, variety, organization, and impact in the text. By mastering the art of using sentence openers effectively, writers can elevate the quality of their writing and engage their audience more effectively. Sample essay with different sentence openers: Innovative educational methodologies can transform traditional learning environments. Effective classroom management is crucial for fostering a productive learning atmosphere. Undoubtedly, technology has revolutionized modern education. Surprisingly, some of the most effective learning strategies are the simplest. "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world," Nelson Mandela famously stated. In the words of Aristotle, "The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." While online learning offers flexibility, it also presents challenges in maintaining student engagement. Despite significant investments in education, disparities in access remain a pressing issue. Similar to healthcare, education requires continuous improvement and innovation. In contrast to rote memorization, experiential learning encourages deeper understanding. Due to the proliferation of digital resources, students now have unprecedented access to information. As a result of comprehensive educational reforms, student performance has markedly improved. If schools integrate technology effectively, students will be better prepared for the future workforce. Provided teachers receive ongoing professional development, educational standards will rise. Indeed, the importance of a well-rounded education cannot be overstated. Certainly, fostering critical thinking skills is essential in today's rapidly changing world. In the context of modern society, lifelong learning is more important than ever. With the rise of interdisciplinary studies, students can explore a wider range of interests. Inspired by innovative teaching practices, many educators are transforming their classrooms. Challenged by the pandemic, schools quickly adapted to online learning platforms. The lesson plan meticulously crafted, the teacher confidently began the class. The semester nearing its end, students prepared for their final exams. Integrating technology into the curriculum enhances student engagement and learning. Addressing diverse learning styles ensures that all students have the opportunity to succeed. To improve educational outcomes, schools must invest in teacher training. To foster a love of reading, educators should provide a variety of engaging materials. Here are the sentence openers in the essay on education- Important Linkers to bring variety in writing: ·  Subject Openers ·  Adjective Openers ·  Adverb Openers ·  Quotation Openers ·  Contrast Openers ·  Comparison Openers ·  Causal Openers ·  Conditional Openers ·  Emphatic Openers ·  Prepositional Phrase Openers ·  Participial Phrase Openers ·  Absolute Phrase Openers ·  Gerund Phrase Openers ·  Infinitive Phrase Openers ·  Linkers as Sentence Openers Subject Openers Subject openers begin the sentence with a noun or pronoun, which may be preceded by an adjective or article (a, an, the). This approach immediately introduces the main subject of the sentence, making it clear and straightforward. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: The government should invest more in public education to ensure equal opportunities for all students. A teacher who is passionate about their subject can inspire students to learn and achieve great things. Schools play a crucial role in shaping the future of society by educating the next generation. The curriculum needs to be updated regularly to keep up with the changing demands of the job market. Students benefit greatly from a learning environment that encourages creativity and critical thinking. Adjective Openers Adjective openers use an adjective at the beginning of a sentence to describe a noun, often highlighting a key quality or characteristic. This technique can create a vivid and engaging introduction, setting the tone for the rest of the sentence. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Innovative solutions in education can bridge the gap between traditional and modern teaching methods. Effective policies are crucial in addressing the disparity in educational opportunities across different regions. Critical thinking skills are essential for students to navigate the complexities of the modern world. Adequate resources must be allocated to schools to ensure a high standard of education. Diverse teaching strategies can cater to the varied learning styles of students, enhancing overall comprehension. Adverb Openers Adverb openers begin with an adverb, which modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. These openers can emphasize the manner, time, place, frequency, or degree of the action or state described in the sentence, adding depth and detail. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Undoubtedly, the integration of technology in classrooms has revolutionized the learning experience. Surprisingly, many students prefer traditional books over digital devices for their studies. Interestingly, countries with higher educational investment tend to have lower unemployment rates. Ultimately, the success of an education system depends on the quality of its teachers. Historically, education has been the cornerstone of societal progress and innovation. Quotation Openers Quotation openers use a relevant quote from a notable person to introduce the topic, adding authority and context to the discussion. This technique can effectively emphasize the importance of the topic and set the stage for further elaboration. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world," Nelson Mandela famously stated, highlighting the transformative power of education. In the words of Aristotle, "The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet," emphasizing the long-term benefits of educational endeavors. As Albert Einstein once said, "Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think," underscoring the importance of critical thinking. John Dewey emphasized, "Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself," illustrating the integral role of learning in human development. According to Malcolm X, "Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today," stressing the significance of education in securing a better future. Contrast Openers Contrast openers highlight differences between two or more elements, often starting with words like "while," "although," or "despite." This technique sets up a comparison that can draw attention to important distinctions or conflicting aspects. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: While online education offers flexibility, it often lacks the personal interaction found in traditional classrooms. Despite significant technological advancements, many schools still struggle with outdated teaching methods. Although higher education is becoming more accessible, many students still face financial barriers. Whereas some argue that standardized tests are necessary, others believe they do not accurately measure a student's abilities. Even though smaller class sizes are beneficial for individualized attention, they are not always feasible due to budget constraints. Comparison Openers Comparison openers use comparative structures to draw parallels or highlight differences between two or more elements. This technique can help clarify similarities or distinctions, making the argument more relatable and understandable. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Similar to healthcare, education requires continuous improvement and innovation to meet evolving needs. In contrast to rote memorization, experiential learning encourages deeper understanding and retention of knowledge. Like effective communication, good teaching practices involve active listening and constructive feedback. Just as athletes need coaches to excel, students benefit from mentors who guide their academic and personal growth. Comparable to scientific research, education evolves through ongoing experimentation and discovery, adapting to new findings. Causal Openers Causal openers begin with a phrase that indicates a cause-and-effect relationship. They explain the reason behind a particular situation or action, providing context and justification for the points being made. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Due to the proliferation of digital resources, students now have unprecedented access to information, enhancing their learning experiences. As a result of comprehensive educational reforms, student performance has markedly improved in recent years. Because of increased funding, schools can provide better resources and support to their students. Owing to dedicated teachers, many students achieve remarkable success despite challenging circumstances. In light of new research, educators are adapting their teaching strategies to better meet the needs of their students. Conditional Openers Conditional openers start with a conditional clause, often using words like "if," "provided," or "unless." They set up a scenario that depends on a certain condition being met, highlighting potential outcomes or consequences. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: If schools integrate technology effectively, students will be better prepared for the future workforce. Provided teachers receive ongoing professional development, educational standards will continue to rise. Should governments allocate more resources to education, societal benefits will follow in the long term. Unless students develop critical thinking skills, they may struggle to adapt in a rapidly changing world. As long as schools prioritize inclusivity, all students will have equal opportunities to succeed. Zero Conditional Zero conditional sentences express general truths or facts. They typically use the present simple tense in both the "if" clause and the main clause. Examples: If governments invest in renewable energy, carbon emissions decrease. If students understand the importance of time management, their academic performance improves. If individuals neglect physical exercise, their health suffers. Inversion: Should governments invest in renewable energy, carbon emissions decrease. Should students understand the importance of time management, their academic performance improves. Should individuals neglect physical exercise, their health suffers. First Conditional First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its probable result. They typically use the present simple tense in the "if" clause and the future simple tense (with "will") in the main clause. Examples: If countries implement stricter environmental policies, they will see a reduction in pollution. If students study consistently, they will achieve higher grades. If governments invest in healthcare, they will improve public well-being. Inversion: Should countries implement stricter environmental policies, they will see a reduction in pollution. Should students study consistently, they will achieve higher grades. Should governments invest in healthcare, they will improve public well-being. Second Conditional Second conditional sentences express hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future. They use the past simple tense in the "if" clause and the conditional tense (with "would" or "could") in the main clause. Examples: If people lived closer to their workplaces, they would spend less time commuting. If governments were more transparent, citizens would trust them more. If students had access to better resources, they could excel academically. Inversion: Were people to live closer to their workplaces, they would spend less time commuting. Were governments more transparent, citizens would trust them more. Were students to have access to better resources, they could excel academically. Third Conditional Third conditional sentences express hypothetical situations in the past that didn't happen. They use the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and the conditional perfect tense (with "would have" + past participle) in the main clause. Examples: If policymakers had listened to scientists, we would have been better prepared for the pandemic. If individuals had taken climate change seriously earlier, we would have avoided some of its consequences. If educational systems had adapted sooner to online learning, students' academic progress wouldn't have been disrupted. Inversion: Had policymakers listened to scientists, we would have been better prepared for the pandemic. Had individuals taken climate change seriously earlier, we would have avoided some of its consequences. Had educational systems adapted sooner to online learning, students' academic progress wouldn't have been disrupted. Mixed Conditional Mixed conditional sentences combine elements of the second and third conditionals. They typically use a past perfect tense in the "if" clause and a conditional tense (with "would" or "could") in the main clause. Examples: If people had prioritized mental health, society would be more empathetic. If governments had invested in infrastructure earlier, we would have had better transportation networks. If individuals had received proper education, poverty rates could have been lower. Inversion: Had people prioritized mental health, society would be more empathetic. Had governments invested in infrastructure earlier, we would have had better transportation networks. Had individuals received proper education, poverty rates could have been lower. Emphatic Openers Emphatic openers use words like "indeed," "certainly," or "undeniably" to stress the importance of the statement that follows. This technique adds emphasis and can make the argument more persuasive and compelling. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Indeed, the importance of a well-rounded education cannot be overstated, as it equips students with essential life skills. Certainly, fostering critical thinking skills is essential in today's rapidly changing world, where problem-solving is crucial. Undeniably, teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the future by inspiring and guiding the next generation. Clearly, a strong education system is the backbone of a thriving society, driving economic and social progress. Absolutely, lifelong learning is crucial for personal and professional growth, enabling individuals to adapt to new challenges. Prepositional Phrase Openers Prepositional phrase openers begin with a prepositional phrase, setting the scene or providing context for the main action or idea in the sentence. This technique helps to situate the reader and clarify the relationships between different elements. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: In the context of modern society, lifelong learning is more important than ever for continuous personal and professional development. With the rise of interdisciplinary studies, students can explore a wider range of interests and develop a more holistic understanding. Within the framework of educational reform, innovative approaches are being implemented to improve student outcomes. Under the guidance of experienced educators, students can achieve their full potential and excel in their studies. Through the lens of historical developments, we can appreciate the evolution of education and its impact on society. Present Participle Sentence Openers Description: Present participle sentence openers begin with a present participle (a verb ending in -ing) and its modifiers. This technique adds action and immediacy to the sentence, often highlighting a concurrent action or providing a vivid description of a scene. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Integrating new technologies, schools are transforming traditional classrooms into modern learning environments. Addressing the challenges of remote learning, educators are developing innovative strategies to engage students online. Promoting inclusive education, policymakers are ensuring that all students have equal access to learning opportunities. Encouraging student collaboration, teachers are creating project-based assignments that foster teamwork and critical thinking. Implementing hands-on activities, educators are making learning more interactive and enjoyable for students. Past Participle Sentence Openers Description: Past participle sentence openers begin with a past participle (usually a verb ending in -ed or an irregular form) and its modifiers. This technique adds detail and can provide background or context, often highlighting a completed action or state relevant to the subject. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: 1.      Driven by the need for innovation, many schools have adopted new teaching technologies. 2.      Supported by government funding, educational institutions can offer more resources to their students. 3.      Shaped by their experiences, educators often bring unique perspectives to their teaching methods. 4.      Challenged by limited resources, some schools struggle to maintain high educational standards. 5.      Inspired by successful models abroad, local education systems are undergoing significant reforms. 6.      Inspired by innovative teaching practices, many educators are transforming their classrooms into dynamic learning environments. 7.      Challenged by the pandemic, schools quickly adapted to online learning platforms, ensuring continuity of education. 8.      Motivated by student success, teachers continually refine their methods to better meet the needs of their students. 9.      Encouraged by positive feedback, schools are implementing new programs that enhance student engagement. 10. Driven by a passion for learning, students excel in their studies and pursue their academic goals with determination. Perfect Participle Phrase Sentence Openers Description: Perfect participle phrase openers start with a perfect participle (having + past participle) and its modifiers. This technique indicates that one action was completed before another, adding a sense of sequence and causality to the sentence. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Having completed their studies abroad, many students bring valuable international perspectives back to their home countries. Having been exposed to various teaching methods, students are better able to adapt to different learning environments. Having achieved high academic standards, schools in the region are recognized for their excellence. Having received comprehensive training, teachers are more effective in engaging their students. Having implemented new policies, the education system has seen significant improvements in student outcomes. Absolute Phrase Openers Absolute phrase openers consist of a noun or pronoun followed by a participle and any accompanying modifiers. This technique provides additional information or context, often setting the scene or highlighting a specific detail. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: The lesson plan meticulously crafted, the teacher confidently began the class, engaging the students from the start. The semester nearing its end, students prepared for their final exams, reviewing the material they had learned. His enthusiasm for teaching evident, the professor engaged his students in lively discussions and debates. Their curiosity piqued, the children eagerly explored the science experiments, making new discoveries along the way. The school year drawing to a close, the administration reviewed its accomplishments and set goals for the future. Gerund Phrase Openers Gerund phrase openers begin with a gerund (a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun) and its modifiers. This technique focuses on an action or activity, emphasizing its importance or relevance. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Integrating technology into the curriculum enhances student engagement and learning, making lessons more interactive. Addressing diverse learning styles ensures that all students have the opportunity to succeed and reach their full potential. Encouraging collaborative projects fosters teamwork and communication skills, preparing students for future careers. Implementing hands-on activities makes learning more interactive and fun, helping students retain information better. Providing continuous feedback helps students improve and stay motivated, contributing to their academic success. Infinitive Phrase Openers Infinitive phrase openers begin with an infinitive (the base form of a verb preceded by "to") and its modifiers. This technique highlights a purpose or goal, emphasizing the intended outcome or objective. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: To improve educational outcomes, schools must invest in teacher training and professional development. To foster a love of reading, educators should provide a variety of engaging materials and create a positive reading environment. To meet the needs of all students, personalized learning plans are essential, catering to individual strengths and weaknesses. To bridge the gap in education, policymakers must address systemic inequalities and provide adequate resources. To prepare students for the future, schools should emphasize critical thinking and problem-solving skills, equipping them for a rapidly changing world. Linkers as Sentence Openers Linkers, also known as transitional or discourse markers, are words or phrases used to connect ideas or clauses within a sentence or between sentences. They serve to improve the flow and coherence of writing by signaling relationships between different parts of the text. When used as sentence openers, linkers provide a seamless transition from the preceding text or idea, guiding the reader through the progression of thought. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Furthermore, investing in education not only benefits individuals but also strengthens the economy. On the other hand, critics argue that standardized testing may not accurately measure a student's true capabilities. Moreover, collaborative learning environments encourage teamwork and foster a sense of community among students. In addition, extracurricular activities play a vital role in developing students' social skills and leadership abilities. However, insufficient funding for schools remains a significant challenge in many regions around the world. More linkers as sentence openers sentence openers using advanced linkers, transitional words, and connectors, incorporated into sentences suitable for an IELTS essay: Furthermore, advancements in technology have revolutionized various aspects of modern life. On the other hand, traditional methods of communication still hold significant value in certain contexts. Consequently, the widespread use of social media has reshaped interpersonal relationships. Moreover, globalization has led to increased cultural exchange and diversity. Nonetheless, concerns about privacy and data security persist in an interconnected world. In addition to this, education plays a pivotal role in preparing individuals for the challenges of the digital age. By contrast, some argue that excessive reliance on technology can hinder genuine human connection. Hence, striking a balance between innovation and tradition is essential for societal harmony. Meanwhile, environmental degradation continues to be a pressing issue worldwide. In essence, sustainable development requires collective action and conscious decision-making. To illustrate, renewable energy initiatives have gained traction in recent years. Namely, solar and wind power are becoming increasingly viable alternatives to fossil fuels. That is to say, investing in green technologies is crucial for mitigating climate change. In particular, developing countries bear the brunt of environmental degradation caused by industrialization. To sum up, urgent measures are needed to address the root causes of environmental degradation. In brief, environmental sustainability must be at the forefront of global policymaking. All in all, the future of our planet hinges on collective efforts to combat climate change. Overall, education remains a fundamental tool for driving social progress and economic development. To conclude, investing in education yields long-term benefits for individuals and societies alike. Similarly, healthcare systems around the world face common challenges despite varying contexts. On the contrary, disparities in healthcare access persist within and between countries. In comparison, developed nations often boast advanced healthcare infrastructure and services. Firstly, universal healthcare coverage promotes equity and social justice. Secondly, preventive healthcare measures can alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. Thirdly, holistic approaches to healthcare prioritize mental and emotional well-being. Moreover, mental health awareness campaigns destigmatize seeking help for psychological issues. What's more, incorporating traditional medicine into mainstream healthcare can offer holistic solutions. In addition, telemedicine has emerged as a convenient and accessible healthcare option. In summary, addressing healthcare disparities requires multifaceted approaches. To encapsulate, promoting health and well-being should be a priority for governments worldwide. In retrospect, historical events shape societal attitudes and norms. In the grand scheme of things, individual actions contribute to broader social trends. All things considered, societal progress is driven by incremental changes and collective efforts. Given these points, education serves as a catalyst for societal transformation. In light of demographic shifts, aging populations pose unique challenges for healthcare systems. Owing to technological advancements, medical breakthroughs have extended human lifespan. Under the guidance of medical professionals, patients can make informed decisions about their health. In the meantime, public health campaigns promote healthy lifestyle choices and disease prevention. Simultaneously, governments invest in healthcare infrastructure to meet growing demands. At the same time, mental health services are increasingly recognized as essential components of healthcare. Because of socioeconomic disparities, marginalized communities often lack access to healthcare. In consequence, disparities in healthcare outcomes persist across socioeconomic lines. To address these disparities, policymakers must prioritize equitable healthcare policies. To put it another way, healthcare should be viewed as a fundamental human right. In the final analysis, health equity is essential for building resilient and inclusive societies. Historically, revolutions have been catalysts for social and political change. In contemporary times, social media has empowered individuals to amplify their voices. In the long run, fostering dialogue and understanding is key to resolving conflicts. Over time, societal attitudes towards gender roles and equality have evolved. Understandably, cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. In comparison to previous generations, millennials prioritize work-life balance. In the first place, economic stability is a prerequisite for social well-being. First and foremost, eradicating poverty should be a priority for global development. As a result of globalization, cultural exchanges enrich societies with diverse perspectives. In pursuit of economic growth, environmental sustainability should not be overlooked. To this end, renewable energy initiatives can reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. In the same vein, sustainable development goals aim to address interconnected global challenges. By the same token, investing in education and healthcare promotes human development. In light of these facts, urbanization presents both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. In contrast to urban areas, rural communities often lack access to basic services. By comparison, suburban living offers a balance between urban amenities and rural tranquility. Notwithstanding technological advancements, rural areas struggle with digital divide issues. In conclusion, fostering sustainable development requires collaboration and innovation. In retrospect, historical injustices continue to shape contemporary social inequalities. In the grand scheme of things, individual actions contribute to broader societal trends. All things considered, diversity and inclusion are essential for societal progress. Given these circumstances, proactive measures are needed to address systemic inequalities. In light of current events, social justice movements advocate for systemic change. Owing to recent developments, societal attitudes towards marginalized groups are shifting. Understandably, tensions arise when competing interests clash. In comparison with previous generations, millennials have different priorities and values. In the first instance, addressing economic disparities is crucial for social stability. First and foremost, upholding human rights should be a cornerstone of global governance. As a consequence of globalization, cultural identities are becoming more fluid. In pursuit of sustainable development, governments must balance economic growth with environmental conservation. To this end, renewable energy initiatives can mitigate the impact of climate change. In the same vein, investment in education and healthcare is paramount for societal well-being. By the same token, promoting gender equality contributes to economic prosperity and social harmony. Notwithstanding technological progress, social inequalities persist in access to resources. In conclusion, fostering inclusive societies requires a commitment to justice and equity.

HSC Second Paper Board question DHAKA BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Camels are one of the few animals that can live in a desert. Camels have humps (a) their backs. They store fat (b) these humps. The fat gives them energy. Because camels do not store water, fat helps produce water when camels move (c) the dry desert. They can go (d) several months without water. Camels eat grass to get moisture. The camels are as useful (e) the people of the desert as the buffalo are (f) the grasslands. The meat of the camel is good to eat. People make cloth (g) of camel hair. Shoes are made (h) – the hides. The camels are also good (i) travel in the desert. Some people travel the desert (j) camels, to make a living. 2. Complete the following sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 what’s….. like have to/has to what does…. look like there would rather had better let alone was born as soon as it (a) We have not decided yet where we are going. — booked the tickets. (b) I — lead a simple life than earn a lot of money illegally. (c) — has been many years since I saw him. (d) Have you ever seen an octopus? — it —? (e) Socrates was a great Greek philosopher. He — in 469 BC. (f) The sailors were terrified. — were no birds or animals in that snow covered country. (g) He is not at home now. — he returns, I will ring you. (h) I hear you have joined a new job. your new boss? (i) You are always late in attending class. You — be on time. (j) I — get to the railway station by five or else I may miss the train. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. (a) I could not recognise you at first. It was many years since we —. (b) Water is polluted in different ways. It is high time we —. (c) I think you are not regular in studies. Be attentive lest —. (d) Birds fly in the sky freely. Had I the wings of a bird —. (e) There are many obstacles in our way to success. We must work hard so that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 When I was a child, I (a) (be) afraid of the dark, and I always (b) (go) to sleep with a light on. Even then, I feared that monsters (c) (climb) in through my bedroom window and kill me. And every sound I (d) (hear) struck fear into me. Often, I ran away from the room and (e) (sleep) on the floor at the foot of my parent’s bed. Now that I (f) (be) almost twenty years old. I obviously do better than what I (g) (do) as a child. However, I (h) (be) still scared of bedtime. I dislike (i) (sleep) alone, and I still keep a tiny night-light on. And before I go to bed. I double-check every door and every window to make sure that they (j) (be) locked. Indeed, imaginary beings do not invade from outside, they exist in our superstitious beliefs. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. “Follow my example,” she said as we shook hands, “and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.” “I’ll do better than that,” I retorted. “I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.” “Humorist!” You’re quite a humorist,” she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Once there lived a grasshopper and an ant. The ant was hard working. (a) -the grasshopper was lazy. (b) he idled away his time dancing and sleeping. (c) -, he sometimes advised the ant not to work so hard. (d) the ant paid no heed to the grasshopper. (e) he continued to work hard gathering food for the coming winter. (f) winter came, covering everything with snow. The surface of the earth went under the snow-cover. (g) – the grasshopper could not find any food. (h) he had nothing in stock. (i), he went to the ant for help. The ant gave him some food for the day. (j) -, the long winter was ahead, and the grasshopper was really worried about his survival. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you sent five packages of books to Khulna through Zebra Courier Service. One package was missing at the time of delivery. Now, write a letter to the customer service manager complaining about missing goods. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘On-campus class and online class’ showing their respective merits and demerits within 200 words. 10 Key Dhaka Board-2022 English Second Paper Part-A 1. (a) on (b) in (c) through (d) for (e) to (f) for (g) out (h) of (i) for j) on 2. (a) let alone (b) would rather (c) it (d) what does look like (e) was born (f) There (g) As soon as (h) What's like (i) had better j) have to 3. (a) I could not recognise you at first. It was many years since we had met last. (b) Water is polluted in different ways. It is high time we prevented water pollution. (c) I think you are not regular in studies. Be attentive lest you should fail in the examination. (d) Birds fly in the sky freely. Had I the wings of a bird I would fly in the sky. (e) There are many obstacles in our way to success. We must work hard so that we can succeed in life. 4. (a) was (b) would go (c) would (d) would hear (e) slept f) l am (g) did (h) am (i) sleeping j) are 5. As we shook hands, she told me to follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I retorted that I would do better than that. I added that I would eat nothing for dinner that night. Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily and called me a humorist. She again said that I was quite a humorist. 6 (a) On the contrary (b)'Therefore (c) Even/Moreover (d) However (e) On the contrary (f) Then (g) Hence/so (h) Moreover/Besides (i) Therefore j) Thus/Finally

BARISHAL BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Traffic problem is a major problem (a) our day-to-day life. Mainly the city dwellers suffer (b) it. The drivers do not abide (c) the traffic rules. Most often traffic problems occur (d) the congested areas where the roads are very narrow in proportion (e) There are many unlicensed vehicles which should be brought (f) control. Strict rules must be introduced (g) this regard. We should raise consciousness (h) the people of our country (i)- a view to ensuring a good traffic system (j) the safety of the people. our population. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 as soon as provided that would you mind had better was born what if would rather as if let alone what does…. look like (a) I can’t remember the name of the story, — the details about the different characters. I read the story many years ago. (b) I am too tired to talk. I can no longer give you company. You — leave me and let me take rest. (c) By working hard, he had reached the highest peak of success. You can also reach your goal — you work hard. (d) I think something is wrong between Tanni and Munni. They are acting — they did not know each other. (e) — watching the film with me? I am afraid that there may have some horrors in the film. (f) Take some emergency medicine with you. — you fall ill during your journey? (g) Khaled — resign his job than tolerate injustice. He has moral courage to raise voice against injustice. (h) — it stops raining, I will go to play football. (i) Student: Sir, — a wild cat —? Teacher: A wild cat is larger and stronger than an ordinary cat. (jh) He is my friend for the last five years. But I did never ask him where he —. 3. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) I can’t recall his name. It is long since —. (b) A village doctor is a person who —. He is the best friend to the villagers. (c) Our country is beset with many problems. We all should come forward in order to —. (d) Whenever he speaks in English, —. In fact, we learn through mistakes. (e) A student has to be punctual. He has to study regularly lest —. 4. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 Road mishap (a) (happen) in our country almost every day. Recently, it (b) (rise) to an alarming rate (c) (take) a heavy toll of human lives. The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) (travel) in a bus. In most cases, reckless driving (e), (cause) road accidents. The drivers are in the habit of (f) (violate) traffic rules. Road accidents can be (g) (reduce) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. People should be conscious in this respect. While (h) (cross) the road, they should be careful. Some people travel (i) (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Traffic rules (j) (maintain) strictly with a view to controlling road accidents. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child,” said the woman. “Let her have him.” The king said, “Now everything is clear to me.” Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby.” 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Mobile phone has added a new dimension in our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a), it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day-to-day communication. (b) -, it has been part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) – mobile phone is not free from defects. It has some negative sides as well. (d) -, excessive use of mobile phone may damage our hearing power. (e), -, it is a means of money wastage. (f) it is seen that many underworld crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users. (h) – we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) —, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j) —, we must have to be conscious of the negative impacts of mobile phone. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write a letter of complaint to the Superintendent of Police to take steps against the antisocial activities in your area. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘Price Hike’ mentioning its causes and effects. (within 200 words) 10 Key English Second Paper Part A L (a) of (b) from (c) by (d) in (e) to (0 under (g) in (h) among (i) with j) for 2 (a) let alone (b) had better (c) provided that (d) as if (e) Would you mind What if (g) would rather (h) As soon as (i) What does --- look like 0) was born & (a) I can't recall his name. It is long since we met last. (b) A village doctor is a person who gives medical treatment to village people. He is the best friend to the villagers. (c) Our country is beset with many problems. We all should come forward in order to solving those problems. (d) Whenever he speaks in English, he makes a lot of mistakes. In fact, we learn through mistakes. (e) A student has to be punctual. He has to study regularly lest he should fail in the examination. 4. (a) happens (b) has risen (c) taking (d) travels (e) causes (f) violating (g) be reduced (h) crossing (I) climbing 0) should be maintained 5. Addressing the king as Lord, the woman requested him not to kill the child. She requested the king to let the other woman have the child. The king said that then everything was clear to him. Pointing to the woman, the king ordered the servant to give her the child. He added that she was the mother of the baby. 6. (a) In other words (b) In fact (c) But (d) First (e) Secondly (i) Thirdly (g) Finally (h) Not only (i) But also j) Therefore

CUMILLA BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Books are really our best friends as we can rely (a) them when we are bored, upset, depressed, lonely or annoyed. They share (b) us information and knowledge any time we need. They enable us to have a a glimpse (c) cultures, traditions, arts, history, geography. us health, psychology and many other subjects and aspects of life. Good books always guide us (d) the right path (e) life. Reading good books helps us understand the world (f) better. While reading books, we build new and creative thoughts, images and opinions (g) our mind. This habit helps us explore life (h) different perspectives. In other words, it has several positive effects (i) our body, mind and soul. In fact, the habit of reading is one (j) the best qualities that a person can possess. 2. Complete the following sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10-5 let alone would rather had better was born it what’s….. like there as soon as have to what does….. look like (a) It is such a nice weather. I — sit in the garden than watch TV. (b) He worked hard. He was too tired to walk, — run. (c) It is raining heavily now. I will go to the shop — it stops raining. (d) We — stop the devastating loss of our forests; otherwise life on the earth will be endangered. (e) — an alligator —? Have you ever seen it? (f) — it — going to play? The weather is good now. (g) — is no denying the fact that time is more valuable than money. (h) It is five o’clock. I — go now before the traffic gets too bad. (i) — appears to me that he is interested in the matter. (j) I love this city. This is the city where I — in. 3. Complete the sentences with suitable clauses or phrases. 5 (a) Had he been a poet, —. (b) Honesty is a great virtue. We should not like those —. (c) A rainy day is the day when —. (d) All of us should try our best —. (e) It is very cold. They have to put on warm clothes so that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct forms of verbs as per subject and context. 5×10=5 (a) (acquire) knowledge is not limited to any age or time. It can (b) (gain) by any person all through the life. It (c) (be) like unlimited wealth which can never (d) (finish). However, the level of a person’s knowledge (e) (develop) with his dedication, patience and continuity. A person (f) (have) some new knowledge through regular observation and experimentation. The progress of human beings largely (g) (depend) on the growth of knowledge in various fields in 2-0 positive and constructive ways. For example, Newton (h) (discover) a theory of gravitation and there are many famous scientists who (i) (invent) amazing things (j)(make) life easy on the earth. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speech. 5 “Stop. Didn’t I tell you to stop? You cannot go there,” said the sergeant. “Oh! Very well, it is hard Two thing to be very poor. All the world is against the poor,” said the man. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following text. .5×10=5 Mobile phones are one of the most commonly used gadgets in today’s world. (a) mobile phones have made our life easy and convenient. (b) they are a blessing till we use them 8-0 judiciously. (c) – they are very beneficial, they have some disadvantages. (d) excessive use 7118 of the device acts as a barrier to quality communication. (e) mobile phones waste a lot of time. (f)- they are the causes of many ailments such as weak eyesight, strain on brain, headaches, dry eyes, sleeplessness and more (g) they have created a lack of privacy in people’s lives. (h)- we see how the device is both a boon and a bane. (i) we must not let mobile phones control our lives. (j) we must know when to draw the line. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are a student of Educare College, Khulna. The sound system in your classroom has become defective. Now, write an application to the Principal of your college asking for solving the problem. 10 8. Write a paragraph within 200 words on “City Life and Country Life”. 10 Key Cumilla Board- 22 English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) on (b) with (c) of (d) to (e) of (fl around (g) in (h) with (i) on 0) of 2. (a) would rather (b) let alone (c) as soon as (d) have to (e) What does look like (fl What's like (g) There (h) had better (i) It 0) was born 3. (a) Had he been a poet he would have written great poems. (b) Honesty is a great virtue. We should not like those who are dishonest. (c) A rainy day is the day when it rains all day long. (d) All of us should try our best to work hard for success in life' (e) It is very cold. They have to put on warm clothes so that they can keep themselves warm. 4. (a) Acquiring (b) be gained (c) is (d) be finished (e) develops ffl may have (g) depends (h) discovered (i) invented 0) making / to make 5. The sergeant told the man to stop. He asked the man if he had not told him to stop. He added that the man could not go there. The man exclaimed with sorrow and said that it was very well. He added that it was a hard thing, to be very poor. He also said that all the word was against the poor. 6, (a) in fact (b) so (c) Although/though (d) first (e) secondly ffl thirdly (g) finally (h) thus (i) hence/so/therefore 0) rather/ on the contrary

SYLHET BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 The moon is a very familiar figure (a) all of us. She awakens a feeling (b) tenderness (c) our hearts. Even infants in arms stretches (d) beautiful thing. Nor is her appeal confined only (e) love and their hands to grasp the children. Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, she has furnished a theme (f) poets and artists. The moon has no light (g) her own. The soft silvery brightness which forms her principal charms to us, is borrowed solely (h) the light of the sun. If we go out on a clear night, we can look (i) the magic of moon light. It is often difficult (j) us to realize that the moon is shining in borrowed feathers. 2.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 had better what does……. look like there let alone was born as soon as it as if would you mind would rather (a) The room appears to be suffocating. — opening the windows? (b) It is raining outside. You — take an umbrella. (c) He cannot read newspaper — edit a newspaper. (d) — lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. (e) You look tired. — appears to me that you have worked hard. (f) Ismail is a symbol of versatile genius. He — in a needy family. (g) — a dinosaur —? Have you ever seen it? (h) He proceeded — he had never seen me. His defiant behaviour offended me. (i) Panic seized me — I heard his roaring voice. (j) Though I am in dire need of money, I — die than seek any financial help from him. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) A good student must possess —. (b) The student is a good student —. (c) He must be honest in thought, active in habit and obedient to —. (d) — health is another quality of an ideal student. (e) He, who makes a glorious result in the examination, —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct forms of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 COVID-19 (a) (transmit) when people (b)(breathe) in air contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles (c) (contain) the virus. The risk of breathing these in (d) highest when people (e) (be) in close proximity, but they (f) (inhale) over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission also (g) (occur) if splashed or (h) contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose or mouth, and rarely via contaminated surfaces. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and (i) (spread) the virus even if they (j) (develop) symptoms. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “Could I help you, Sir?” said the receptionist. The man replied, “Sure, I want to meet the Managing Director of the company.” The receptionist said, “Do you have an appointment?” “Yes, I have,” he said. “Wait for a while,” said the receptionist. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) we are not kind and careful about them. (c) we destroy trees at random. (d) one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect. (e) ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on agriculture. (f) trees play a vital role on our climate. (g) — trees keep the soil strong and protect it. (h) trees save us from flood and many other natural calamities. (i) trees provide us with timber which is of great use specially in construction works and for making furniture. (j), trees are our best friends. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are Motin, a second year college student of Dhaka College. Now, write an application to the Principal of your college for starting an English Language Club. 10 8. Write a comparison and contrast paragraph on “Offline and Online Class.” (Within 200 words.) 10. Key Sylhet Board English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) to (b) of (c) in (d) out (e) to (f) for (g) of (h) from (i) at j) for 2. (a) would you mind what does look like (b) had better (c) let alone (d) there (e) it (f) was born (g) (h) as if (i) as soon as j) would rather 3. (a) A good student must possess some qualities. (b) The student who maintains discipline in his activities is a good student. (c) He must be honest in thought, active in habit and obedient to his parents, his teachers and his elders. (d) We should know that health is another quality of an ideal student. (e) He, who studies seriously makes a glorious result in the examination. 4. (a) is transmitted (b) breathe (c) containing (d) is (e) are (i) may be inhaled (g) occurs (h) sprayed (i) may spread 0) do ' not develop 5. The receptionist asked the man respectfully if he could help him. The man replied in the affirmative and said that he wanted to meet the Managing Director of the company. The receptionist asked the man if he had an appointment. The man replied in the affirmative that he had an appointment. The receptionist told the man to wait for a while. 6, (a) therefore (b) but (c) On the contrary (d) Asa result (e) Since Again (g). Moreover (h) Besides (I) Again j) So/Hence

CHATTOGRAM BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Email has brought (a) – a revolution (b) modern communication. Messages can be transmitted (c) one country to another (d) seconds. It is far cheaper than telephone calls. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent (e) this speedy mode (f) communication. It has, however, not reached everyone, especially (g) developing countries (h) ours, as most people cannot afford (i) — have a personal computer. But even here, people have started using commercially operated email facilities (j)- important purposes. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 had better there let alone it what’s….. like have to would rather was born what does look like as soon as (a) The examination is close at hand. I — study seriously, (b) Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film-makers in Bangladesh. He — on August 19. 1935. (c) You do not know how poor Sohel is. He cannot buy a cell phone — a desktop. (d) Your mother is ill. So, I think you — go home early. (e) We have spent much time. We should now conclude — possible. (f) — the earth— ? It looks like an apple. (g) — is no fish in the pond. It is used as a swimming pool. (h) We — sacrifice our lives than live under the subordination of another country. It is a different taste to live in an independent country. (i) — it swimming in the river? For the first time, it seems new experience for all. (j) People are getting sweated easily today. — seems the humidity is higher. 3. Complete the sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) — is lost forever. So, we should utilize time properly. (b) All around us are not friends. In fact, friends are real friends —. (c) For higher education, we should learn English. So, it is high time —. (d) Neighbours are those persons who live adjacent to us. As man cannot live alone, —. (e) Birds fly in the sky. I wish —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs. .5×10=5 Parents (a) (be) the blessings of God to us. When a child (b) (bear), their joys (c) (know) no bounds. They begin to (d) (start) (e) (think) of (f) (nurse) and (g) (bring) up their child. Children (h) (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since their birth. Parents never mind (i) (take) pains for the upbringing of their offsprings. We (j) (offend) our parents. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 He said, “I can chop some wood today.” “You? But you’re small.” “Size don’t matter, chopping wood,” Jerry said. “Some of the big boys don’t chop’ good. I’ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 We want success (a) prosperity in life. (b) we do not do what are needed in achieving these. (c) we want to make our life glorious, we must follow some rules. (d) we have to be industrious. (e) without hard work, success in life is impossible. (f) sincere in our activities. Some people think that good luck is at the root of all achievements in life. (g) to them nothing is further from truth than it. (h)- every success in life depends totally we should be on our activities. (i) we spend time in idleness, we must suffer. (j) we should be honest in life because this virtue helps us greatly to gain our goal. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write an application to the Principal of your college for increasing library facilities in your college library. 10 8. Write a cause and effect paragraph on ‘Indiscriminate Cutting of Trees”. Briefly point out the causes of this large-scale deforestation and its effect on our environment. You must complete this paragraph within 200 words. 10 Key English Second Paper Part-A 1. (a) about (b) in (c) from (d) within (e) on (fl of (g) in (h) like (i) to j) for I (a) have to (b) was born (c) let alone (d) had better (e) as soon as f) What does look like (g) There (h) would rather (i) What's like 0) It 3. (a) Time once lost is lost forever. So, we should utilize time properly. (b) All around us are not friends. In fact, friends in need are real friends. (c) For higher education, we should learn English. So, it is high time we started learning English. (d) Neighbours are those persons who live adjacent to us. As man cannot live alone, he must have neighbours. (e) Birds fly in the sky. I wish I were a bird. 4. (a) are (b) is born (c) know (d) start (e) thinking (f) nursing (g) bringing (h) remain (i) taking j) should never offend 5. Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day. She asked Jerry if it was him. She also said that he was small. Jerry said that size don't matter chopping wood. He added that some of the big boys did not chop wood. He further said that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. 6. (a) and (b) But (c) If (d) First (e) because (fl Secondly (g) So (h) In fact (i) If j) Finally

RAJSHAHI BOARD-2022 ENGLISH(COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions. .5×10=5 Shilpi married Rashid (a) the age of fifteen. Marrying (b) daughters (c) an early age is a standard practice (d) many families living in rural Bangladesh. (e) joined a local empowerment group that helps her (f) cultural practices, particularly those pertaining (g) her wedding. Shilpi the tools needed to gradually change early marriage and pregnancy. The group’s activities include discussions (h) how to change behaviour related (i) reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. Like Shilpi, many of the girls got assistance (j) this empowerment group. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10-5 was born what’s….. like let alone as soon as what does…. look like has to had better it there would rather (a) Susmita is very honest. She — resign the post than earn money in a dishonest way. (b) Karim: — your new dress —? Rahim: It is very nice. (c) Sukanto — on 25 August, 1926 at his maternal uncle’s home at Kolkata. (d) I cannot remember the title of the book, — the details of the story. I read it many years ago. (e) You look very dirty. You — take bath before you go to bed. (f) Panic seized me — I heard his roaring voice. (g) My mother is ill. She — be shifted to hospital. (h) I have never seen a ghost. — a ghost — ? (i) — lived a boy named Newton. The boy was very kind-hearted. So, everybody liked him. (j) During Spring, various kinds of flowers bloom. — seems that everything has got a new life. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) If I had a camera, —. I like photography very much. (b) Though he was brilliant, —. He was very irregular in his college. (c) Jamil had an accident yesterday while he —. (d) I am not a rich man. The car is too expensive —. (e) There goes a proverb that —. So, we should make friendship with a gentleman. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs and subject verb agreement as per context. .5×10-5 There are many reasons for which many a student in our country (a) – (fail) in English. That English is a foreign language is the main reason. English is as if it (b) (to be) a language (c) (mean) for a particular class of people. It (d) (regard) as a sheer wastage of time. They (e) (begin) to cram English as though they (f) (consider) cramming is the only way to learn English. But (g) (have) they been earnest in learning English, they could have (h) it easily. Moreover, they are not (i) (motivate) properly. In addition, the textbooks (J) (not write) according to the need of the learners. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “What happened to you, Tareq?” said Rashed. “I was sick with the flu. Have you heard anything about our exam?” said Tareq. “It is on 23 October. You need to collect the admit card of the exam,” said Rashed. “From where can I get it?” said Tareq. “It is in the office room,” said Rashed. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Air is an important element of our environment. (a) -, clean air is essential for our life. (b) air is polluted in many ways. (c), one thing that pollutes air is smoke. Smoke is produced from 10 different sources. (d) we make fire to cook food and it creates smoke. (e) – buses and trucks plying in the roads emit smoke. (f) the burning of coal in the railway engine also produces smoke. (g) the mills and factories also produce a huge amount of smoke. (h) we melt tar for road constructions which produces black smoke. (i) – all these smokes mix with the air and pollute it. (j) smoke from different sources is causing serious harm to our environment. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining against the reckless driving of the motor cars in the streets. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘Food Adulteration’ showing its causes and effects. [Use 200 words] 10 Key English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) at (b) off (c) at (d) in (e) After (f) with (g) to (h) on (i) to 0) from 2. (a) would rather (b) what's like (c) was born (d) let alone (e) had better (f) as soon as (g) has to (h) what does look like (i) There 0) It 3. (a) If I had a camera, I would take a lot of photographs. I like photography very much. (b) Though he was brilliant, he did not go to college every day. He was very irregular in his college. (c) Jamil had an accident yesterday while he was returning from school. (d) I am not a rich man. The car is too expensive for me to buy. (e) , There goes a proverb that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we should make friendship with a gentleman. 4. (a) fails (b) were (c) meant (d) is regarded (e) begin (f) considered (g) had (h) learnt (i) motivated 0) are not written 5. Rashed asked Tareq what had happened to him. Tareq replied that he had been sick with the flu. Then he asked Rashed if he had heard anything about their exam. Rashed replied that it was on 23 October. He added that Tareq needed to collect the admit card of the exam. Tareq asked Rashed from where he could get it. Rashed replied that it was in the office room. 6. (a) In fact (b) But (c) For example (d) First (e) Secondly (f) Thirdly (g) Fourthly (h) Lastly (i) In the end j) Therefore

Paragraph Writing The Historic 7th March Speech "The Historic 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman" was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March, 1971 who led the people of Bangladesh to independence in 1971. At that time when the Pakistani military rulers refused to transfer power to the Bengali nationalist leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose party Awami League gained majority in the National Assembly of Pakistan in the general election held in 1970. The speech effectively declared the independence of Bangladesh. The speech constitutes a faithful documentation of how the failure of post-colonial nation-states to develop inclusive, democratic society alienates their population belonging to different ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious groups.   The speech was extempore and there was no written script. However, the speech survived in the audio as well as AV versions. Model Answer-2 The Historic 7th March Speech The 7 March Speech, delivered by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the revered founding father of Bangladesh, holds immense historical significance. Presented on 7 March 1971 at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka, this speech resonated with over two million people amidst escalating tensions between East Pakistan and the dominant political and military forces of West Pakistan. In his address, Mujibur Rahman announced a civil disobedience movement, urging every household to fortify itself. His words galvanized the Bengali populace, preparing them for an imminent struggle for independence in response to mounting reports of West Pakistan's military mobilization. Just 18 days later, the Bangladesh Liberation War erupted, sparked by the Pakistan Army's brutal Operation Searchlight targeting Bengali civilians, intellectuals, students, politicians, and armed forces personnel. The historic significance of this speech was further acknowledged when UNESCO included it in the Memory of the World Register on 30 October 2017, recognizing its status as a pivotal document in world history. This momentous day not only underscored the urgent need for a lasting solution for the oppressed Bengali people but also validated Bengal's steadfast resolve to fight for independence. Indeed, the directives, motivations, and unwavering determination articulated on that fateful day paved the way for the dawn of Bangladesh's independence. As a seminal event, the 7 March Speech occupies an indelible place in Bangladesh's history, serving as a perpetual source of inspiration, guiding the nation toward truth and political liberation. Model Answer-3 ( Easy) The Historic 7th March Speech The 7th March speech is a very important speech in Bangladesh. It was given by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March 1971 at Ramna Race Course Maidan in Dhaka. There were about 2 million people there to listen. At that time, there was a lot of tension between East Pakistan and West Pakistan. In his speech, Rahman said, "This time's struggle is our liberation struggle." This speech inspired Bengalis to get ready for a war of independence because there were reports that West Pakistan was getting ready for a fight. Rahman asked all Bengalis in East Pakistan to be ready to fight against the Pakistani forces. This speech basically said that Bangladesh was now independent. It showed how countries after they became free from being colonies did not treat everyone fairly, which made people from different groups unhappy. The 7th March speech made everyone in Bangladesh feel like they had to join the war and defeat the enemy. Even after 1971, this speech still makes Bangladeshis proud and helps our country become stronger. It's a big deal that UNESCO recognized this speech because now everyone around the world knows how important it is. Model Answer-4 Write a paragraph on "The historic speech of 7th March" in about 200 words based on the answer to the following questions. (a) When was the speech delivered? (b) Where was the speech delivered? (c) Who were addressed in this speech? (d) How was the speech related to our national history? (e) How is the speech evaluated internationally?           [Combined Board '18(Code-184)] The Historic Speech of 71h March We have numerous significant days in our national history, and among them, the 7th of March stands out as a particularly glorious occasion. It was on this day in 1971 that Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a momentous speech that played a pivotal role in shaping the course of Bangladesh's independence movement. Addressing a massive crowd of over two million people gathered at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech came at a time of escalating tensions between East and West Pakistan. In his impassioned address, he declared, "This time the struggle is for our freedom. This time the struggle is for our independence." He called for a civil disobedience movement, urging every household to fortify itself against oppression. This powerful speech galvanized the Bengali people, inspiring them to prepare for a war of independence. It effectively served as a declaration of Bangladesh's independence. Moreover, the speech sheds light on the challenges faced by post-colonial nation-states in fostering inclusive and democratic societies, highlighting the marginalization experienced by individuals from diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic, or religious backgrounds. Remarkably, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered this iconic speech extemporaneously, without a written script. Recognizing its historical significance, UNESCO added the speech to its Memory of the World Register on 30th October 2017, acknowledging it as a valuable documentary heritage. Bangla Translation: Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing THE VICTORY DAY 'The Victory Day' is observed in our country on the 16'h December every year. The day is observed because on this day in 1971 we achieved our independence from Pakistan. We won victory at the cost of a bloody war and Bangladesh came into being and occupied a place in the world map as an independent country. And to commemorate this great victory we observe this day with great solemnity. We remember the mammoth sacrifice of the martyrs who laid down their lives for the country. The day begins with gunshots. The whole country wears a festive look. The national flag is hoisted on the top of each office, and house and people from every strata of the society go to the national mausoleum. They offer flowers there as a symbol of profound homage and heartfelt love to the martyrs. This day is a day of great significance for the Bangladeshis. This day reminds us of the sacrifices of our valiant people. It also reminds us of our duty to protect the independence of the country. To me this day is a day of great joy. hope and inspiration. I see this victory as a victory against injustice, tyranny and falsehood. This day will remain evergreen in the heart of each Bangalee. THE VICTORY DAY 'The Victory Day' is a significant occasion observed in our country every year on the 16th of December. This day holds great importance because it marks our nation's triumph in gaining independence from Pakistan in 1971. This hard-fought victory was achieved through a bloody war, resulting in the birth of Bangladesh as an independent nation and its recognition on the world map. To honor and commemorate this historic victory, we observe this day with solemnity and respect. We pay tribute to the immense sacrifices made by the martyrs who laid down their lives for our country's freedom. The day begins with gun salutes, and the entire nation adorns a festive atmosphere. National flags are raised on top of every office and home, and people from all walks of life visit the national mausoleum to offer flowers as a symbol of deep respect and love for the martyrs. The significance of this day is profound for the people of Bangladesh. It serves as a reminder of the heroic sacrifices made by our courageous compatriots and underscores our responsibility to safeguard our nation's hard-earned independence. Personally, I view this day as a source of immense joy, hope, and inspiration. It symbolizes a victory against injustice, oppression, and falsehood. The memory of this victory will forever remain etched in the hearts of every Bangladeshi. Model Answer-2 The Last Victory Day I Celebrated The 16th December is a read letter day in the history of Bangladesh. Every year our nation observes/ celebrates the gala day to show true love and deep homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom in 1971. On the Victory Day all educational institutions, offices, political parties and different organizations hold rallies, discussions, meetings and various cultural functions to welcome the Victory Day. Every year our college also observes the red letter day in a befitting manner. The last Victory Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. A local freedom fighter Mr Salam was the chief guest of the day. The chief guest hoisted the national flag at 8 am. The college buildings were decorated nicely. The students and many freedom loving people attended the function. A discussion meeting was held in our college auditorium at 9 am. The chief guest and the Principal of our college spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters and the significance of the day. I took part in the discussion on behalf of our class. At 12 am the Principal declared the end the discussion thanking all. We returned home with a happy and cheerful mood. The Victory Day is a day of great joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to protest against any injustice and inhuman act. The Last Victory Day I Celebrated The 16th of December holds a special place in the history of Bangladesh, as it is a day of great significance. Each year, our nation commemorates this important day to express our profound love and pay tribute to the heroic individuals who sacrificed their lives for our freedom in 1971. Victory Day is marked by various activities, including rallies, discussions, meetings, and cultural events, organized by educational institutions, offices, political parties, and various organizations across the country. In our college, we also observe Victory Day in a fitting manner, and the most recent celebration was particularly grand. Mr. Salam, a local freedom fighter, had the honor of being the chief guest for the day's events. The day began with the chief guest hoisting the national flag at 8 am, and the college premises were beautifully adorned for the occasion. Students and many freedom-loving individuals joined in the festivities. A discussion meeting was held in our college auditorium at 9 am, where both the chief guest and the college Principal spoke eloquently about the immense sacrifices made by the martyred freedom fighters and the profound significance of the day. I had the privilege of representing our class in the discussion. At 12 pm, the Principal concluded the discussion by expressing gratitude to all participants. We left for our homes with a sense of happiness and cheerfulness. Victory Day is a day filled with joy, hope, and inspiration. It serves as a reminder to us all to stand up against injustice and inhumanity, and it reinforces our commitment to upholding the values for which our freedom fighters sacrificed so much. Model Answer-3 Write a paragraph on. "The Victory Day" in about 200 words based on, the answers to the following questions. (a) When is our Victory Day? (b) Why is it called so? (c) What is the brief history behind it? (d) How do we observe the day? (e) What is the significance of the day?     JCt9B '22; BB 22; CB '19] The 16th of December holds a special place in the hearts of Bangladeshis as Victory Day. This historic day marks the culmination of a nine-month-long struggle for independence against Pakistan in 1971. The people of Bangladesh endured oppression and deprivation of their rights under Pakistani rule, prompting a powerful mass movement led by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Despite winning a landslide victory in the 1970 National Assembly elections, the ruling authorities refused to transfer power to the Awami League. This injustice culminated in a brutal crackdown by the Pakistani army on March 25, 1971, sparking the declaration of independence for East Pakistan, which later became Bangladesh. The Liberation War, a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Bangladeshi people, ensued for nine months, with numerous brave individuals sacrificing their lives for the cause of freedom. Victory was eventually achieved after a long and arduous struggle, bringing joy and pride to the nation. Every year, on the anniversary of Victory Day, Bangladeshis come together to honor the memory of the martyrs who made the ultimate sacrifice for independence. The day is marked by solemn ceremonies, including the firing of gunshots, and the entire nation adorns itself in a festive atmosphere. Victory Day serves as a poignant reminder of the resilience and determination of the Bangladeshi people in the face of adversity. It is a time to reflect on the sacrifices made by countless individuals and to pay homage to their courage and patriotism. Moreover, Victory Day instills a sense of hope, unity, and inspiration among the citizens of Bangladesh, reaffirming their commitment to upholding the values of freedom and democracy. Composition / Essay Writing NATIONAL FESTIVITY : THE VICTORY DAY The Victory day is the most festive of the few national days we have. It comes off on the 16th of December in celebration of the victory we made over the Pakistani forces in 1971. It was a great day for the people of the country when we realised the long-cherished dream of our country’s freedom. The victory of the Bangalees symbolises the triumph of justice over tyranny, of truth over falsehood, of light over darkness, of freedom over slavery, of humanity over inhumanity and Bangladesh came into existence with a new order of society, which would be free from all sorts of exploitation. So the 16th December is remembered for ever as the victory day in the history of Bangladesh because it is the day of complete liberation of the country. The Victory Day is not only a day of joy and gaiety but is also a day of sorrow. On this day we remember the heroic deeds of the countless Bangalees in whose blood the ballad of victory has been written. The government has its way of observing a national day. All the major government and public edifices and buildings hoist the national flag full mast from dawn to dusk. At night, the buildings and other important sites beam with neon and coloured lights. The President or the Prime Minister receive the salute in the march past of the Defence force. Most people enjoy a national holiday. But in the Victory Day more people are found in a celebratory mood than on other national days. The reason is that many had gone through the throes and agonies during the nine-month liberation war, and when finally the victory came they celebrated it with redoubled joy. Different cultural organizations bring out different programmes, and various theatre groups hold street drama containing themes of the liberation war. Some film clubs show films made on the Liberation War. Bangladesh Postal Department releases new stamps. And the whole atmosphere remains jubilant throughout the day. Children and student organisations bring out colourful processions carrying placards and posters. Painting exhibitions by children are held. As the evening sets in, the air is filled with songs. Those memorable songs sung during the liberation war are now rendered by the local artists. And on top of everything you can hear the lectures of different political leaders. How exalting and uplifting their words are! On a personal count the Victory Day is a memorable day for me, because I get my poems published in the Victory Day Supplements of several newspapers. My first impression was that the whole thing looked like a fairyland. The exhibition ground with bright colours, fountains and lighting gave a look of a grand carnival. They were curiously looking at the exhibits watching open airshows, eating and purchasing. At a vibrant spring morning the mega computer fair -- City IT was launched organised by NSU Computer Club (NSUCC) recently brightened up the atmosphere of NSU campus at Banani, Dhaka. At that time I was on the visit to my uncle’s house at Dhaka. I along with my cousin went to visit the fair. The opening of the fair was launched by the Vice Chancellor of NSU. The objective of arranging such computer showcasing event in the winter season is popularising different fields of computer application among the new generation. Large crowds at the fair showed the country is near to the implementation of computer in every sector of the country. Vendors and IT solution providers are busy with gifts and discounts to attract customers in the City IT Faire 2005. Most of the customers of the yearned hi-tech fair are going back to their homes with colourful gifts. At the fair NSUCC is going to introduce some world renowned products of its product-line. Apart from this, NSUCC is displaying the world renowned computer system presently being used in the advanced countries of the world. Furthermore on the eve of the City IT Fair 2005 NSUCC has announced some special services pack. In the fair the authority of NSUCC has also organised the programmes of ‘NSU Genius Hunt 2005. The NSU Genius 2005 was selected from all students who participated in this event with their creative projects using different computer programming languages. The purpose of the ‘Genius Hunt’ was to encourage the students with the works they have done so far while going through the procedure of obtaining their bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering or Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering at NSU. The most thrilling part of the fair that caused the maximum excitement among the students of the whole university was the Movie show that went on for the whole day in a huge hall room of BTA Tower. The fair was through and through a success and also a nice rehearsal for all the members of NSU Computer Club who are the organisers of the up-coming ‘Soft Fair 2005’. On the very opening day of City IT Fair 2005 NSUCC authority is giving an attractive gift pack and surprising discount and scheme as a part of its promotional activities. The fair was a very lively and fascinating combination of hardware exhibition, NSU Genius Hunt, Radio Controlled Toy Car racing and a movie show. THE VICTORY DAY The 16th December is a red letter day in the history of Bangladesh. Pak army surrendered to the allied forces (freedom fighters and Indian forces) after nine months of bloody war and new Bangladesh came into being. It was our long felt and long desired victory. So 16th December is our victory day. It is the day of our great pride and jubilation. The Liberation War of Bangladesh continued for about nine months only but it had the bitter history of discriminate policy for about more than two decades, State language issue became the first discord between the two states in 1952. The resources of East Pakistan began to be plundered by the Punjabi landlords, bureaucrats and military officers. Through general election of 1954, Martial law of 1958, Six Points demand of 1966, Public upsurge of 1969 the people of East Pakistan began to realise the hollowness of the state mechanism. But Awami League despite having absolute majority could not ascend to power due to YahiyaBhuttu conspiracy. With the plea of discussion for transferring power General Yahiya began to collect arms and ammunitions from West Pakistan. Having taken all preparations Yahiya flew to Rawalpindi and signalled the order for Bangalee massacre. On the black night of 25th March Pakistani forces got down the streets of Dhaka to kill unarmed Bangalees. War of liberation started. After nine months of bloody war killing 30 lacs of people and oppressing 2 lacs of women the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistani forces General A. K. Niazi signed the Surrender Deed at 4:30 p.m. at the Racecourse Maidan on 16th December, 1971. The victory day is celebrated with various activities and programmes of government and non-government organisations. This is a public holiday but the national flag is hoisted on the buildings of official installations, shopping centres and residential areas. Armed forces, BNCC, Rover Scout, Girl guide and the students of schools and colleges gather for procession and parade. Literary and cultural organisations hold discussion, seminar and cultural show to mark the day. Radio and television telecast different programmes. Newspapers publish special supplement on the importance of the day. People of Bangladesh proved the fact, through their bloody struggle, that freedom is the birth right of man. The aspirations of the martyred heroes will be achieved only when Bangladesh will enjoy economic freedom.

Paragraph Writing Corona Virus The outbreak of COVID-19, also known as the novel coronavirus, has had a profound impact on the world as we know it. The virus, first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has since spread to every corner of the globe. COVID-19 is highly infectious and is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms range from mild to severe, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms at all. However, for some, particularly the elderly and those with underlying health conditions, the virus can be deadly. In response to the pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented measures such as lockdowns, social distancing guidelines, and mask mandates. Schools have closed, and many students have had to adapt to remote learning, which has posed unique challenges. The pandemic has also disrupted many aspects of daily life, including travel, work, and socializing with friends and family. To slow the spread of COVID-19, it is crucial to follow guidelines recommended by health officials, such as wearing a mask, washing hands frequently, avoiding large gatherings, and practicing social distancing. While vaccines have been developed, the virus continues to spread in some parts of the world, and it is essential to remain vigilant. The pandemic has brought attention to the importance of public health and disease prevention. It has also highlighted the interconnectedness of the world and the need for global cooperation in responding to health crises. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, individuals and communities have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. Model Answer-2 Advanced Corona Virus The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, has brought about a profound upheaval in the global landscape. The virus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread relentlessly across the world, causing widespread illness and death in its wake. COVID-19 is highly contagious, primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, and its symptoms range from mild to severe, with some individuals remaining asymptomatic. Nevertheless, the virus poses a severe threat to public health, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. In response to this unprecedented crisis, governments worldwide have implemented various measures, such as social distancing protocols, mask mandates, and nationwide lockdowns, to combat the spread of the virus. These measures have had far-reaching effects on various aspects of daily life, including education, employment, and social interaction. Schools and universities have closed their doors, and students have had to adapt to remote learning environments, while many workers have lost their jobs or been forced to work from home.The pandemic has emphasized the importance of prioritizing public health and developing strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Vaccines have been developed and distributed worldwide, but new variants of the virus continue to emerge, necessitating continued vigilance and preventative measures. The pandemic has also highlighted the interconnectedness of the global community and the need for collective action and cooperation to address shared challenges. While the pandemic has posed immense challenges, it has also provided opportunities for reflection and adaptation, as individuals and communities have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in response to the crisis. Model Answer-3 Coronavirus Pandemic The coronavirus is a recently discovered type of virus that can cause diseases in both mammals and birds. Its name, "coronavirus," is derived from the Latin word "corona," which means "crown" or "wreath." This virus is responsible for causing symptoms such as cough, flu, and fever. It can swiftly damage the respiratory system, leading to fatal outcomes for those affected. The specific disease caused by this coronavirus is known as COVID-19, and it is highly contagious. The initial identification of this disease occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and it has since spread worldwide. Common symptoms associated with COVID-19 include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, and a loss of smell and taste. Although most cases exhibit mild symptoms, the virus primarily spreads among individuals through close contact, typically within a distance of two meters or six feet from infected individuals. When infected people cough, sneeze, or even talk, they release small droplets containing the coronavirus, which can transmit COVID-19 to others. Currently, there are no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments available for COVID-19. Preventative measures are crucial in reducing the risk of infection. These measures include staying at home, avoiding crowded places, maintaining physical distance from others, regularly washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, and refraining from touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. It is essential to emphasize the importance of a controlled lifestyle and raising awareness among the general population to effectively combat the spread of the coronavirus. Model Answer-4 Coronavirus Pandemic The global COVID-19 pandemic, stemming from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has brought about significant negative impacts on children worldwide. Like adults, children have not been spared from the social, economic, and psychological repercussions of the pandemic. Their mental well-being, social interactions, educational pursuits, family dynamics, future aspirations, and recreational activities have all been profoundly affected. The prolonged periods of lockdown and social distancing measures have confined children to their homes, disrupting their regular routines and social interactions. The transition to online learning has posed challenges, as many children faced difficulties in understanding lessons without adequate access to necessary technology such as laptops, smartphones, or stable internet connections. Furthermore, the increased screen time during this period has led to the emergence of online gaming addictions among some children, contributing to concerns about their overall well-being. Economically vulnerable families have been forced to rely on child labor as a means of coping with financial hardships exacerbated by the pandemic. Consequently, many children have been compelled to engage in various forms of work to alleviate their families' economic burdens, leading to a rise in child labor rates globally. Moreover, the economic strain has resulted in increased school dropouts, particularly among marginalized communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. The pandemic has also precipitated a surge in early marriages, particularly in rural areas, where families facing economic hardship see marriage as a means of financial relief. With academic institutions shuttered for extended periods, many young female students have been married off by their parents, truncating their educational aspirations and exposing them to the risks associated with early marriage. Model Answer-5 Write a Paragraph on "COVID-19 Pandemic" by answering the following questions: (a) What is coronavirus? (b) Which diseases are caused by coronavirus? (c) What kind of disease is Covid-19? (d) Where was this disease first identified? (e) How is this disease spread? (P Who are at risk of this disease? (g) What are the suggestions for preventing this COVID-19 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first case was found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of smell and taste. Most people experience mild symptoms, but in severe cases, COVID-19 can cause pneumonia, organ failure, and death. The virus spreads mainly through close contact with infected people. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release small droplets that can infect others. Although people of any age can catch COVID-19, older individuals and those with conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, or diabetes are more likely to experience severe illness. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 requires being well-informed about the disease and how it spreads. Getting vaccinated is essential to prevent COVID-19. Other important measures include wearing masks, washing hands frequently, maintaining physical distance, quarantining if you have symptoms, covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands. Practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as coughing into a flexed elbow, and staying home to self-isolate until recovery are also crucial. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and are being distributed in many countries, leading to mass vaccination campaigns. Booster doses are also being administered. As more people get vaccinated, the virus is becoming less of a threat, and the pandemic is no longer causing widespread panic. Composition / Essay Writing

JASHORE BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions: .5×10=5 The ceremony began (a) 10 a.m. Our principal Mr. Rahman presided (b) the function and Member of Parliament Mr. Reza was the chief guest. The function started (c) the recitation from the Holy Quran. One (d) our senior teachers read (e) the annual report. The honorable 2 chief guest delivered a brief but inspiring speech (f) education. He advised the students to be regular (g) the class and attentive (h) studies and take part (i) the movement (j) – illiteracy. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. there it have to as soon as what does …. look like let alone was born would rather had better What’s …. like (a) He cannot read newspaper, — edit a newspaper. (b) — lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. (c) Suhel is a liar. He — give up this bad habit. (d) We — walk fast. Otherwise we will miss the class. (e) He — study English than History. He has interest in literature. (f) — friendship —? Nowadays, it is nothing but a name. (g) Let me know the news — he arrives here. (h) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our national poet. He — in 1899 in a village named Churulia. (i) Teacher: Students, — the national flower of Bangladesh —? (j) — takes two to make a quarrel. 3. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. (a) Sabbir Khan is a quack. He behaves as though —. (b) A proverb goes that —. (c) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for —. (d) Corruption is an obscene to our national development. It is high time —. (e) It is love that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10-5 Would you mind (a) (receive) my letter. I am extremely sorry for (b) any message about your illness, I (c)- (visit) you. Believe me, since my return from Australia, I (be) late. Had I had have got myself (d) (engage) in raising awareness among people (e) (send) their daughters to school. In this country, girls (f) (deprive) of proper education and guidance. Due to lack of education, they (g) (not know) what they (h) (need). For years, they (i) (neglect) in society. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. “Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?” asked the passer-by. “I am crying because I have none to look after me,” said the street child. “Are you hungry?” “Yes, I am,” said the boy. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Drug addiction is a great curse of the present world. (a), a few things were used as drugs. (b) the number of drugs has increased. (c), cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroin, or morphine, etc. (d) – offer another world to the addicted ones. (e) they do not know that this addiction destroys the inner part of the body of addicted persons. (f) why do many people take drugs? The reasons are many. (g) some people are tempted by their so-called friends to have a taste of a drug. (h) – they are trapped forever. (i) some people take drugs to forget the frustration of their life. (j) those who become drug addicts, cannot live a normal life. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Cox’s Bazar. Write a letter to the Chairman of Electricity Board of your district complaining about frequent power failure in your area. 8. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting between ‘City Life and Rural Life’ within 200 words. 10 Key Jashore Board-2022 English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) at (b) over (c) with (d) of (e) out (f) on (g) in (h) to (i) in 0) against 2. (a) let alone (b) There (c) had better (d) have to (e) would rather (f) What's like (g) As soon as (h) was born (i) what does look like 0) It 3. (a) Sabbir Khan is a quack. He behaves as though he were a doctor. (b) A proverb goes that ill got, ill spent. (c) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for me to lift. (d) Corruption is an obscene to our national development. It is high time we stopped corruption. (e) It is love that wins everything in this world. 4. (a) receiving (b) being (c) would have (d) engaged (e) to send (f) are deprived (g) do not know (h) need (i) have been neglected 5. The passer-by asked the street child why he was crying. He also asked him if he had any problem. The street child replied that he was crying because I had none to look after him. The passer-by asked him if he was hungry. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he was hungry. 6. (a) In the past (b) now (c) for example (d) for the time being (e) even (f) but (g) for example (h) eventually (i) again j) in the end

MYMENSINGH BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 A teacher is an architect (a) a nation. He plays an important role (b) building up an educated nation. He dispels the darkness (c) – ignorance (d) the lot of a nation. He is an actor, so to speak. He has to suit his act according (e) — the need of his audience which is which his class. He is a clear speaker (f) good, strong and pleasing voice which is (g) – his control. He does not sit motionless (h) his class. Everybody has something valuable (i) him. A good teacher discovers the treasure hidden inside each student. He also wants the students to be happy and for this he keeps them busy. A good teacher never hankers (j) money. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 have to/has to not only…. but also it was born as soon as what does…… look like there let alone would rather had better (a) Manners make a man. Students — practice good manners in everyday life. (b) Most students in our country are weak in English. They — follow the advice of their teachers for improvement. (c) Cox’s Bazar is a popular tourist hub. — are many nice hotels for tourists. (d) The other day, I met an old rickshaw puller. He told me that he — pull a rickshaw than beg. (e) A poor man struggles hard to survive in our country. He can hardly earn Tk. 200 a day, — Tk. 2.000. (f) In Dhaka city, traffic jam is very common. — may occur anywhere, anytime. (g) Smoking is one of the major causes of heart attack and cancer. — a smoker stops smoking, he can avoid the risk of many health hazards. (h) Have you ever heard the name of William Shakespeare? He — on 23 April 1564 in England. He was one of the greatest dramatists of the world. (i) Son: Dad, — an alien —? Father: Well. Aliens are believed to come from another planet by UFOS. Films and science fictions tell us about them. They are really awesome. (j) Learning more than one language — improves a person’s capacity boosts his confidence. So, children are being taught more than one language. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to —. (b) We are a free nation now. 1971 is the year when —. (c) I don’t have enough money. Had I been a rich man, —. (d) My final examination is going on. I studied hard lest I —. (e) Man proposes, —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 People who (a)(appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history (b) – (be) great conquerors and generals. Whereas, the people who really (c) (help) civilization forward are often never (d) (mention) at all. We do not know who first (e) (set) a broken leg or (f)-(launch) a sea worthy boat or (g) (calculate) the length of a year. The great men are those who (h) (work) ceaselessly to quicken the pace of civilization. On the contrary, the condemned men are those who (i) (cause) bloodshed and violence in the world. All of us praise the great men of the world. We are highly indebted to those great men who contributed a lot to (j) (flourish) the civilization. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. Jerry said. “I can chop some wood today.” “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.” “I’m the boy. “You? But you are small.” “Size does not matter, chopping wood,” Jerry said, “Some of the big boys don’t chop good. I’ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time.” 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors/linkers in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 The old sailor spoke so strangely (a) the guest stood still. The feast began (b) the guest could hear the music and laughter, (c) – -for some reasons he could not join the others. The old man told him about his last journey on the sea. They had sailed away to the south (d) they had arrived in the cold grey sea. (e) the sea was frozen. (f) – the ice was all around them. The big sails opened wide (g) the strong wind blew them quickly through the icy waters. The weather was very cold. () there were no birds and animals in that snow covered country. But one day the sailors saw an albatross flying towards the ship. All men were very pleased to see it and they gave it food and water. It came to the ship every day (i) they called it. ()- one day. the old sailor killed the bird and after that everyone had to undergo terrible sufferings. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, a big canal runs along your village. People have to cross it every day but they face many problems due to a damaged bridge. Now, write a letter to the Chairman of your Union Parishad for repairing the bridge immediately. 10 8. Write a paragraph within 200 words about the “Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies.” 10 Key English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) of (b) in (c) of (d) from (e) to (0 with (g) under (h) in (i) within/ in 0) after 2. (a) have to (b) had better (c) there (d) would rather (e) let alone (fl It (g) As soon as (h) was born (i) What does look like j) not only but also 3. (a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to serving the sick and the wounded. (b) We area free nation now. 1971 is the year when we got our freedom. (c) I don't have enough money. Had I been a rich man, I would have helped the poor. (d) My final examination is going on. I studied hard lest I should fail in the examination. (e) Man proposes, but God disposes. 4. (a) appear (b) are (c) helped (d) mentioned (e) set (fl launched (g) calculated (h) worked (i) caused j) flourish 5. Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day. She replied that she had a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry told her that he was the boy. She asked Jerry if it was him. She also said that he was small. Jerry said that size does not matter chopping wood. He added that some of the big boys did not chop wood. He further said that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage fora long time. 6. (a) that (b) and (c) but (d) until (e) Even (fl And (g) as (h) And (i) when 0) But

Complete the following story with the cue below : When I was five my father took me to a school quite far away from our home. There I followed my father to a room where I saw 'a big bald-headed man. He looked pleased to see my father but I got frightened when PB Ans.     My First Day at School When I was five my father took me to a school quite far away from our home. There I followed my father to a room where I saw 'a big bald-headed man. He looked pleased to see my father but I got frightened . The day I entered Class-I, I felt a mix of nervousness and excitement. As I took my seat in the noisy room, I was quickly surrounded by curious classmates eager to know more about me. Despite my initial nerves, I soon found myself at ease, especially after making friends with one of the boys who invited me to sit beside him. Little did I know that this friendship would last throughout my entire school life. When the teacher entered the classroom, we all stood up to salute him. His warm smile immediately put me at ease, and I answered his questions about my name with confidence. His methodical approach to teaching English left a lasting impression on me, as did the other teachers who conducted their classes with equal effectiveness. During our leisure period, I joined my classmates in going to the nearby mosque to perform our prayers. Afterwards, we enjoyed our tiffin before returning to class for two more periods of learning. Throughout the day, my experience remained positive, and I felt that I was able to earn the respect and affection of both my teachers and classmates. Upon returning home, I shared my feelings and experiences with my parents, emphasizing how impressed I was by the school's discipline. This first day of school marked the beginning of a journey filled with learning, friendships, and personal growth.

Complete the following story following the clue. There was an old woman in Makkah. She used to set thorns on the way of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.). Everyday at dawn when he went to Kaba, the holy temple built by Abraham, he got hurt by the thorns and the woman laughed from a little distance. .... - ------- - - --- --- Ans.     How the Prophet (Sm.) Won the Heart of his Enemy There was an old woman in Makkah. She used to set thorns on the way of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.). Everyday at dawn when he went to Kaba, the holy temple built by Abraham, he got hurt by the thorns and the woman laughed from a little distance. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) exemplified kindness and nobility by forgiving even his enemies. One day, as he made his way to the Kaaba, he noticed that the path was free of thorns. This struck him as unusual, as it was customary for an old woman to set thorns along the path. Concerned, he searched for the old woman but could not find her. Realizing that the old woman might be unwell, Prophet Muhammad decided to visit her. He quickly made his way to her hut and found her lying on her sickbed, tears streaming down her face. He inquired about her health and why she had neglected her usual duty. The woman, feeling ashamed, was at a loss for words. Prophet Muhammad, with his compassionate heart, offered his assistance to help the woman recover quickly. Witnessing his kindness and selflessness, the woman came to a profound realization. She understood that the man whom she had caused inconvenience was indeed a true Prophet, a messenger of Allah. Overcome with remorse, she embraced Islam, recognizing the greatness of Prophet Muhammad's character. This incident serves as a powerful example of how Islam spread not through force or coercion, but through the tolerance, compassion, and magnanimity of Prophet Muhammad. His actions demonstrated the essence of Islam, which emphasizes forgiveness, kindness, and love for all humanity.

The following is the beginning of a story and complete it in your own words. Once a golden necklace was lost from a rich man’s house. A few servants worked in that house. Naturally; it was suspected that any one of the servants had stolen the necklace .CtgB 22 Ans.     Wisdom of a Qazi Once a golden necklace was lost from a rich man’s house. A few servants worked in that house. Naturally, it was suspected. that .any one of the servants had stolen the necklace. The man complained to the Qazi about the stealing. The Qazi called upon all the servants, and they promptly presented themselves before him. Inquiring about the missing necklace, he questioned each servant individually, but all vehemently denied any involvement in the theft. Undeterred, the Qazi devised a clever plan: he distributed a stick to each servant, instructing them to return the following day with their sticks, with the added caveat that the stick of the thief would be longer by an inch. As the servants dispersed, all except the true culprit drifted off to sleep after a long day's work. However, the guilt-ridden thief found himself unable to rest. Fearful of being caught should his stick indeed grow longer, he resolved to take action. Under the cover of darkness, he meticulously shortened his stick by precisely one inch, hoping to evade detection. The following morning, all the servants assembled before the Qazi, sticks in hand. With a keen eye, the Qazi scrutinized each stick, searching for any discrepancies. His observation was rewarded when he identified a stick an inch shorter than the rest. Thus, the thief's deceit was exposed, and he was swiftly apprehended and sent to jail, serving as a cautionary tale for all who would dare to deceive.

The following is the beginning of a story and complete it in your own words. Bithi is a shelter less, helpless street orphan of ten years who sells flowers on the intersection of Dhaka street . She lives on the income of what she gets from selling flowers. One day, while selling flowers in the traffic jam .   CB22 Ans.     Waiting for a Favourite Person Bithi is a shelter less, helpless street orphan of ten years who sells flowers on the intersection of Dhaka street. She lives on the income of what she gets from selling flowers. One day, amidst the chaos of a traffic jam, Bithi spotted a white car passing by. Inside sat a foreign lady. Seizing the opportunity, Bithi offered her flowers for sale. To her surprise, the foreigner purchased the flowers and handed her 100 taka. On another occasion, Bithi encountered the same foreign lady again. This time, the lady invited her to a luxurious restaurant, where she indulged Bithi with exquisite and delectable food. Overwhelmed by the unexpected gesture, Bithi began to believe that this foreigner cared for her more than her own parents. The foreigner, Dr. Kathryn B. Ward, turned out to be an American. Bithi also got acquainted with her driver, Ripon. Days passed, and Bithi eagerly awaited the arrival of the lady, hoping to see her again. However, she was disappointed as the lady didn't show up. In her longing, Bithi occasionally reached out to the lady's driver, fondly referred to as "Ripon mama," to inquire about the next visit of her beloved foreigner. Despite the fleeting encounters, Bithi's heart was filled with gratitude and affection for the foreigner who had shown her unexpected kindness and generosity. The memory of those brief moments lingered in her mind, leaving an indelible mark of warmth and compassion.

The following is the beginning of a story and complete it in your own words. It was 20 March of 2020. Sarah was very happy because her family was going to have a tom to Saint Martin Island the next week. She was watching TV with a jolly mood. Suddenly, a news popped up—"Government has declared lockdown for a period of 15 days all over the country with a view to controlling the spread of Coved-19 and protecting people from being infected with it.            JB '22 Ans.     Several days of restlessness in lockdown It was 20 March of 2020. Sarah was very happy because her family was going to have a tour to Saint Martin Island the next week. She was watching TV with a jolly mood. Suddenly- a news popped up--"Government has declared lockdown for a period of 15 days all over the country with a view to controlling the spread of Coved-19 and protecting people from being infected with it. Sarah's heart sank with disappointment. She had longed to visit Saint Martin for ages, and all the arrangements had been made, only for everything to fall through. Despite the passing of several days, movement was severely restricted, with people hesitant to venture out even for urgent needs. During this trying time, Sarah's mother fell ill. She exhibited symptoms such as a high fever, coughing, and a sore throat, indicating a possible COVID-19 infection. The family was gripped with fear, knowing that hospitals were refusing to admit patients. Despite numerous calls for ambulances, none arrived, leaving them in tears. Finally, after persistent efforts, they managed to secure an ambulance by dialing 999. Swiftly, it arrived at their doorstep and transported Sarah's mother to a government hospital, where they were greeted warmly. She was admitted to the intensive care unit while they anxiously waited in the lounge. A doctor reassured them, noting that her breathing was normal. Subsequently, she was tested for COVID-19, but since the results would take two days, they had to leave the hospital. Returning home fraught with worry, they awaited the verdict. Two agonizing days later, they returned to the hospital. By the grace of Allah, the test came back negative, bringing immense relief. The doctor attributed her illness to a common cold, alleviating their concerns. Prescribed medication in hand, they brought her back home, expressing gratitude to Allah. Sarah's mother rejoiced at reuniting with her family, her spirits lifted by their presence. In the face of uncertainty and fear, their faith and resilience had seen them through, reaffirming their belief in the power of hope and gratitude.

Information Transfer for HSC Examination- 5.0 Question No-2 : Information Transfer (HSC) 1. Read the text and complete the table below with the given information:— [B. B. 2017]                      1x10=10 I declared that the Assembly would continue to meet. But suddenly on the 1st of March the Assembly was shut down. Mr. Yahya Khan called the session of the Assembly in his capacity as the President and I declared I would be attending it. Mr. Bhutto said he wouldn't be part of it. Thirty-five members of the Assembly came from West Pakistan to take part in its proceedings. But it was dissolved all of a sudden. The blame was put on the people of Bengal, the finger was pointed at me! After the Assembly's session was prorogued, the people of this country protested. I told them, "Observe the General Strike we have called peacefully." I told them" Shut down all mills and factories." Our people responded to my call. They came to the streets spontaneously. They expressed their firm determination to carry out the struggle peacefully. What have we got in return? Those who brought arms with our money to defend us from external enemies are now using those arms on the poor, -the wretched, -the downtrodden people of the land. Bullets are being aimed at their hearts. We constitute the majority in Pakistan; but whenever we Bengalis have tried to assume power they have used force on us. Ans: (i) 1st of March (ii) called the session of the Assembly (iii) declared that the Assembly would continue (iv) Mr. Bhutto (v) from West Pakistan (vi) of the Assembly (vii) all of a sudden (viii) to carry out the struggle (ix) responded to Bangabandhu’s call (x) spontaneously 2. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.            1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. “I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994, ... “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.’’ Ans: (i) was imprisoned (ii) his fight against white minority rule (iii) His prestige and charisma (iv) of the world (v) Nelson Mandela (vi) during his life (vii) the first black president (viii) in South Africa (ix) have achieved (x) their political emancipation. 3. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don't call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. “He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,” Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders. Ans: (i) a prominent role (ii) on the world stage (iii) Nelson Mandela (iv) in June 2004 (v) before his 86th birthday (vi) one of the world’s most revered public figures (vii) an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights (viii) Nadine Gordimer (ix) “He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are” (x) far beyond his country’s borders. 4. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities,” he told the court. “It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him “Madiba,” the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity. Ans: (i) capital offences (ii) from the dock (iii) white domination and black domination (iv) in Africa (v) told the court (vi) had dedicated himself (vii) the struggle (viii) Friends (ix) Madiba (x) in South Africa 5. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby get economic, political, and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal’s history of those years is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them repeatedly. Twenty- three years of a history of men and women in agony! The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place. Ans: (i) The people of Bangladesh (ii) in the National Assembly (iii) a constitution (iv) voted (v) economic, political, and cultural freedom (vi) shed blood (vii) the struggle (viii) Ayub Khan (ix) in 1958 (x) The six point movement 6. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) I’ve met President Yahya Khan. I’ve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: “You must hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January.” But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We said, “Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then.” I said we will carry out our discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was just, even though we were in the majority we would agree to that offer. Mr. Bhutto came here; he carried out discussions with us; he had said that the doors of negotiations had not been shut and that there would be further negotiations. I then had talks with other leaders; I said to them, “Come and sit down with us; let’s create a constitution for ourselves through discussions.” But Mr. Bhutto declared that if West Pakistani members came here the Assembly would end up as a slaughterhouse. He claimed that whoever came here would be slaughtered. He said that if anyone showed up here all shops from Peshawar to Karachi would be shut down. Ans: (i) President Yahya Khan (ii) on 15 January (iii) The meeting (iv) would take place (v) Mr. Bhutto (vi) discussion (vii) West Pakistani members (viii) as a slaughterhouse (ix) all shops (x) from Peshawar to Karachi 7. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) My brothers, The Assembly has been called into session on the 25th of March. But the blood spilled on our streets has not yet dried. About the 10th of this month, I have told them: Mujibur Rahman won’t join the Round Table Conference because that would mean wading over the blood that has been shed. Although you have called the Assembly into session, you’ll have to listen to my demands first. You’ll have to withdraw Martial Law. You’ll have to return all army personnel to their barracks. You’ll have to investigate the way our people have been murdered. And you’ll have to transfer power to the representatives of the people. It is only then that I’ll decide whether we will take our seats in the Assembly or not. I don’t want the Prime Minister’s office. We want the people of this country to have their rights. I want to state clearly that from this day Bangladesh’s courts, magistracies, government offices and educational institutions will be shut down indefinitely. So that the poor don’t have to suffer, so that my people don’t have to go through hardships, all other things will be exempted from the General Strike from tomorrow. Rickshaws, horse carriages, trains, and launches will be allowed to move. Only the Secretariat, the Supreme Court, the High Court, Judges’ Court, and semi-government organizations such as WAPDA will not be allowed to work. On the 28th employees will go and collect their salaries. If their salaries are not paid, if another bullet is fired, if my people are shot dead again, I request all of you: convert every house into a fort: confront the enemy with whatever you have. And even at the risk of your life, and even if I am not around to direct you, shut down all shops and make sure that traffic on all roads and ports are brought to a standstill. If need be, we will starve to death, but we’ll go down striving for our rights.. Ans: (i) The Assembly (ii) has been called into session (iii) Mujibur Rahman (iv) the Round Table Conference (v) listen to (vi) his demands (vii) the Prime Minister’s office (viii) from this day (ix) employees (x) their salaries. 8. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) To those in the armed forces I have this to say: you are my brothers; stay in your barracks and no one will bother you. But don’t try again to aim your bullets at our chests. You can’t suppress seventy million people forever. Since we have learned to sacrifice ourselves no one can suppress us any more. And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded, we in the Awami League will do everything we can to assist them and their loved ones. If you have the means, please give what little you can to our Relief Committee. To owners of factories whose workers had participated in the General Strike the last seven days I have this to say: make sure that they are paid wages for those days. To government employees I have this to tell: you’ll have to listen to my directives. Till our country is liberated, taxes and custom duties won’t be collected. No one will pay them either. Ans: (i) The armed forces (ii) in their barracks (iii) their bullets (iv) at our chests (v) the Awami League (vi) everything (vii) Owners of factories (viii) wages for those days (ix) Government employees (x) taxes and custom dudes 9. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village Maslennikovo, Tutayevsky District, in Central Russia. Tereshkova's father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. Tereshkova began school in 1945 at the age of eight, but left school in 1953 and continued her education through distance learning. She became interested in parachuting from a young age, and trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. At that time she was employed as a textile worker in a local factory. It was her expertise in skydiving that led to her selection as a cosmonaut. After the flight of Yuri Gagarin (the first human being to travel to outer space in 1961), the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, "proletaria" Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Tereshkova had to undergo a series of training that included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters. Ans: (i) Valentina Tereshkova/Tereshkova (ii) began school (iii) in 1945 (iv) in 1953 (v) through distance learning (vi) trained (vii) at the local Aeroclub (viii) was employed (ix) in a local factory (x) the Soviet Union 10. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried Valary Bykovsy into a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometers at one point, and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio. Ans: (i) orbited the earth 48 times (ii) in space (iii) aerosol layers (iv) within the atmosphere (v) Vostok-5 (vi) into an orbit (vii) Vostok-5 and Vostok-6 (viii) approached each other (ix) Tereshkova (x) from space 11. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Chawla was bom in Kamal, India. She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Kamal. She is the first Indian-born woman and the second person in space from this sub-continent. After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the United States the same year. She obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984. Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado. Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S. citizenship and started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She spoke the following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your intelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as many as 252 times around the Earth. Ans: (i) the first Indian-born woman and the second person in space (ii) at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Kamal (iii) moved to the United States (iv) did her Ph.D (v) masters (vi) from the University of Colorado (vii) was determined (viii) an astronaut (ix) joined NASA (x) in 1995 12. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Her first space mission (Mission STS 87) began on 19 November 1997 with six other astronauts on the Space Shuttle Columbia. On her first mission that lasted for 15 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes and 4 seconds, she travelled 6.5 million miles. She was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which however malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Tako Doi, two of her fellow astronauts, to retrieve the satellite. In 2000 she was selected for her second space mission STS 107. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems. On 16 January 2003, Kanpana Chawla finally started her new mission with six other space crews on the ill-fated space shuttle Columbia. She was one of the mission specialists. Chawla's responsibilities included the microgravity experiments, for which the crew conducted nearly 80 experiments studying earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. After a 16 day scientific mission in space, on 1 February 2003, Columbia disintegrated over Texas during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. All the crew in Columbia including Chawla died only 16 minutes prior to their scheduled landing. Investigation shows that this fatal accident happened due to a damage in one of Columbia's wings caused by a piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeling off during the launch. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases penetrated the interior of the wing, destroying the support structure and causing the rest of the shuttle to break down. Ans: (i) Kalpana Chawla (ii) began her first space mission (iii) on 19 November 1997 (iv) Winston Scott arid Tako Doi (v) the Spartan satellite (vi) in 2000 (vii) started her new mission (viii) on 16 January 2003 (ix) Columbia (x) into the Earth's atmosphere 13. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 1) When you are in the driving seat of a car, you have the steering and the horn in your hands, the brake and accelerator under your feet, eyes open looking ahead, left and right. The same can be said about a motorcycle rider, with some modifications. These are all very visible. But, behind all, there is something that keeps working unseen. And that is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), your brain. CPUs are artificially intelligent machines that are programmed to do specific jobs under fixed conditions and judgments. But the human brain is intelligent by nature. It is the most sophisticated machine that is able to operate on ever-changing conditions and standards of judgment. As conditions in the traffic keep invariably changing, this virtue of sophistication of your brain must be at work when you are driving. The difference between traffic in the roads and highways and racing circuit must not be blurring inside you. Never imagine yourself to be a Michael Schumacher driving an F-l at 300 mph. Leave no room for fantasy. You must always be ready to encounter unexpected behavior from any vehicle or pedestrian. 'Keep your cool' is easy to advice but difficult to maintain. Still you must always restrain yourself because, at the end of the day, you don't want to be regarded as a killer. Now you see, the last thing that differentiates you from a computer is your conscience. Ans: (i) A driver (ii) for driving a car (iii) on the roads (iv) CPUs (v) to do specific jobs (vi) under fixed conditions and judgements (vii) The human brain (viii) to operate on ever- changing conditions and standards of judgement (ix) Michael Schumacher (x) at 300 mph 14. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10    (Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) I am in a tiny steel cage attached to a motorcycle, stuttering through traffic in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In the last ten minutes, we have moved forward maybe three feet, inch by inch, the driver wrenching the wheel left and right, wriggling deeper into the wedge between a delivery truck and a rickshaw in front of us. Up ahead, the traffic is jammed so close together that pedestrians are climbing over pickup trucks and through empty rickshaws to cross the street. Two rows to my left is an ambulance, blue light spinning uselessly. This is what the streets here look like from seven o’clock in the morning until ten o’clock at night. If you’re rich, you experience it from the back seat of a car. If you're poor, you’re in a rickshaw, breathing in the exhaust. I’m sitting in the back of a CNG, a three-wheeled motorcycle shaped like a slice of pie and covered with scrap metal. I'm here working on a human rights project, but whenever I ask people in Dhaka what they think international organizations should really be working on, they tell me about the traffic. Ans: (i) The writer/The Narrator (ii) attached to a motorcycle (iii) Pedestrians (iv) to cross the street (v) in Dhaka, Bangladesh (vi) the streets (vii) the same (viii) a three-wheeled motorcycle (ix) a slice of pie (x) with scrap metal 15. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) Then there are the users of the roads. Besides pedestrians, the narrow lanes are shared by bicycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, CNGs, buses, and cars. All these modes take up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk to in Bangladesh blame the traffic jams on the rickshaws. There are too many of them, they say, and they drive so slowly that they trap the cars, buses, and CNGs behind them. The government is under pressure to designate some lanes as car-only, to build wider roads and overpasses, to take the slow traffic out from in front of the fast. And this brings us to the third reason why the traffic problem is so difficult to solve. All of these fixes sound easy and obvious, but they come at a cost. One and a half million people drive rickshaws for a living, plus another few hundred thousand own and repair them. Government efforts to get people out of rickshaws and into buses and trains are going to attract huge opposition. Ans: (i) the narrow lanes (ii) are shared (iii Most people in Bangladesh (iv) the rickshaws (v) The government (vi) is under pressure (vii) One and a half million people (viii) for a living (ix) in Dhaka city (x) Government efforts 16. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) The obvious solution is to separate the rickshaws from the cars, from the CNGs, give each of them lanes and lights according to their top speed, and, crucially, make car drivers pay the cost of taking up more space on the roads. But that, politically speaking, is unrealistic. Car owners are a small part of the population, but they are the most influential. Every year, Dhaka adds an extra 37,000 cars to its already overcrowded roads. Think about all this from a Bangladeshi politician’s point of view. Any attempt to solve the traffic mess means annoying the poor, the middle class, and the rich all at once. Thanks to the donors, In 2012, the government announced a $2.75 billion plan to build a metro rail system and a $45 million bus rapid-transit line from the airport. For residents of Dhaka, it will come as a relief. Ans: (i) The obvious solution, (ii) the rickshaws from the cars, from the CNGs, (iii) Car drivers, (iv) more space, (v) on the roads, (vi) Dhaka, (vii) each year, (viii) to its already overcrowded roads, (ix) The government, (x) in 2012. 17. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10 = 10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 4) The persona of a traffic policeman has always been a curious one. It has often found important space and close treatment in literature and other arts. Besides the many poems about this fascinating character, there is at least one movie where the central character is a traffic policeman. In 1963, Greek film maker Filippos Fylaktos made this film named My Brother, the Traffic Policeman. It featured a slightly manic traffic policeman, Antonis Pikrocholos, who is utterly devoted to service and duty, and applies the traffic code with unyielding severity. Tickets rain down upon law-breakers in particular taxi-drivers and especially Lampros, who happens to be in love with Pikrocholos' sister, Fofo. In his turn, the traffic policeman is in love with a businessman's daughter, Kiki, who is afraid to reveal her feelings to her father. Besides, Antonis has given lots of traffic tickets to a bus belonging to her father’s company. For all these reasons, the road to marriage for both couples is long and strewn with obstacles, but the outcome is a happy one for everyone involved. Ans: (i) The persona of a traffic policeman (ii) in literature and other arts (iii) Many poems (iv) the character of a traffic policeman (v) Filippos Fylaktos (vi) made a film (vii) in 1963- (viii) Antonis Pikrocholos (ix) with unyielding severity (x) her feelings 18.Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10= 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 1) Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the capital's markets, a recent survey has found. A 15-member team of the National Food Safety Laboratory, with support from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), came up with the findings after collecting and testing food samples from the capital's Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali markets. The survey report, a copy of which was acquired by the Dhaka Tribune, read that nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables contained banned pesticides such as DDT, Aldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. The amounts of pesticide in these samples were found to be 3 to 20 times greater than the limits set by the European Union. Around 50% vegetables and 35% fruits were found to be contaminated with unsafe level of pesticides. Analysing more than 30 samples of turmeric powder (branded, packaged and open), the team also found that nearly 30% of the samples contained traces of lead chromate, which can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. These samples also contained lead at 20 to 50 times above the safety limit of 2.5 parts per million set by the Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute (BSTI). Arsenic and chromium above safety limits were detected in a total of 5 out of 13 rice samples. Using a sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method developed by the Food Safety Lab, 66 samples were analysed for the presence of formaldehyde. Adulteration was thereby detected in samples of coriander, mango and fresh shrimps. Ans: (i) A 15-member team of the National Food Safety Laboratory (ii) from the capital's Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali markets (iii) The Dhaka Tribune (iv) by acquiring its copy (v) The survey report (vi) banned pesticides (vii) Around 50% Vegetables and 35% fruits (viii) with unsafe level of pesticides (ix) Arsenic and chromium (x) were detected 19. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 1) The tests indicated that poultry feed in the country had also been contaminated, as samples of chicken and fish contained traces of antibiotics. High microbial populations were found in several samples of pasteurized milk, indicating poor processing procedures by the manufacturers. Samples of cucumber and street foods also showed high microbial populations, suggesting widespread contamination in the water supply. The Director of Institute of Public Health (IPH), told the Dhaka Tribune that the survey report has been submitted to the Health Ministry. Further tests of different products were being carried out at the Food Safety Lab. A former Director General of the Health Services and senior national adviser of the FAO, said the findings were shocking for the whole nation. He added that instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Pointing out that there were four steps in the production process-farmer, transport, wholesale, and retail trader, - he said better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. Adulterated food products are reportedly the cause behind thousands of people suffering from fatal diseases like cancer, kidney failure and heart problems. Health specialists told the Dhaka Tribune that the Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products, they added. Ans: (i) Poultry feed (ii) in the country (iii) were found (iv) in several samples of pasteurised milk (v) Further tests of different products (vi) at the Food Safety Lab (vii) Around A former Director General of the Health Services and senior national adviser of the FAO (viii) the whole nation (ix) Better monitoring and supervision (x) were mandatory for stopping 20. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 2) I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning, I went over during the interval and sat down beside her. It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I would have recognized her. She addressed me brightly. "Well, it's many years since we first met. How time does fly! We're none of us getting any younger. Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon." Did I remember? It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin quarter overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned to say no to a woman. ... I had eighty francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough. Ans: (i) caught sight of her (ii) at the play (iii) was living (iv) in  Paris (v) had read (vi) a book (vii) was spending (viii) at the Luxembourg (ix) The French senators (x) at Foyot’s 21. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 2) I answered that I would meet my friend-by correspondence-at Foyot's on Thursday at half ­past twelve. She was not as young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive. She was, in fact, a woman of forty ... and she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose. She was talkative, but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener. I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. But she reassured me. "I never eat anything for luncheon,' she said. "Oh, don't say that!' I answered generously. "I never eat more than one thing. I think people eat far too much nowadays. A little fish, perhaps. I wonder if they have any salmon.' Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare, but I asked the waiter if there was any. Yes, a beautiful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I ordered it for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked. Ans: (i) would meet his friend (ii) at Foyot's (iii) The lady (iv) in  age (v) gave the writer an impression (vi) white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose (vii) was startled (viii) the .bill of fare (ix) The writer (x) a beautiful salmon 22.Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10=10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 2) She ate the caviare and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived she took me quite seriously to task. "I see that you're in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. I'm sure it’s a mistake. Why don't you follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you'd feel ever so much better for it.' "I am only going to eat one thing.” I said, as the waiter came again with the bill of fare. She waved him aside with an airy gesture. "No, no. I never eat anything for luncheon. Just a bite, I never want more than that, and I eat that more as an excuse for conversation than anything else. I couldn't possibly eat anything more unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be sorry to leave Paris without having some of them.' My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops, and I knew that they were horribly expensive. My mouth had often watered at the sight of them. "Madame wants to know if you have any of those giant asparagus." I asked the waiter. I tried with all my might to will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, pries tike face, and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a marvel. Ans: (i) the caviare and salmon (ii) gaily of art and literature and music (iii) The writer/ The author (iv) a mutton chop (v) quite seriously (vi) The lady (vii) with an airy gesture (viii) giant asparagus (ix) would be sorry (x) Paris 23. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10=10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 2) "Oh, no, I'm not hungry; you see, I don't eat luncheon. I have a cup of coffee in the morning and then dinner, but I never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I was speaking for you.’ "Oh, I see!’ Then a terrible thing happened. While we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, with an ingratiating smile on his false face, came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge peaches. They had the blush of an innocent girl; they had the rich tone of an Italian landscape. But surely peaches were not in season then? Lord knew what they cost. "You see, you've filled your stomach with a lot of meat'-my one miserable little chop-"and you can't eat any more. But I've just had a snack and I shall enjoy a peach'. The bill came and when I paid it I found that I had only enough for a quite inadequate tip. Her eyes rested for an instant on the three francs I left for the waiter, and I knew that she thought me mean. But when I walked out of the restaurant I had the whole month before me and not a penny in my pocket. "Follow my example,' she said as we shook hand, and never eat more than one thing for luncheon." "I'll do better than that', I retorted. "I'll eat nothing for dinner to-night.' "Humorist!1 she cried gaily, jumping into a cab, "you're quite a humorist!' But I have had my revenge at last. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the immortal gods take a hand in the matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency. Today she weighs twenty-one stone. Ans: (i) The head waiter (ii) while they were waiting for the coffee (iii) with an ingratiating smile on his false face (iv) bore a large basket (v) Peaches (vi) had (vii) Lord (viii) their cost (ix) The writer/ The author (x) at last 24. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 4, Lesson - 1) There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behaviour on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. We have two terms to describe our social behaviour- 'etiquette' and 'manners'. 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behaviour in society. The word 'manners' means the behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. Ans: (i) We, (ii) rules of behavior (iii) in a company (iv) have to consider (v) the effect of our behaviour on others (vi) at home (vii) Two terms, (viii) our social behaviour (ix) Etiquette and manners (x) from culture to culture and from society to society. 25. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 4, Lesson - 1) We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say 'please' and 'thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as 'pardon me’, 'excuse me', may I, are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. Ans: (i) We (ii) etiquette and manners (iii) from our parents, families and various institutions (iv) Rules of behaviour (v) in everyday life (vi) The manners (vii) in a debating club (viii) etiquette and manners (ix) Etiquette and manners (x) to make our day smooth and pleasant 26. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1 x10=10 (Unit - 4, Lesson - 3) I was ten years old. My grandmother sat on the string bed, under the mango tree. It was late summer and there were sunflowers in the garden and a warm wind in the trees. My grandmother was knitting a woolen scarf for the winter months. She was very old, dressed in a plain white sari; her eyes were not very strong now, but her fingers moved quickly with the needles, and the needles kept clicking all afternoon. Grandmother had white hair, but there were very few wrinkles on her skin. I had come home after playing cricket on the maiden. I had taken my meal, and now I was rummaging in a box of old books and family heirlooms that had just that day been brought out of the attic by my mother. Nothing in the box interested me very much, except for a book with colourful pictures of birds and butterflies. I was going through the book, looking at the pictures, when I found a small photograph between the pages. It was a faded picture, a little yellow and foggy; it was a picture of a girl standing against a wall and behind the wall there was nothing but sky; but from the other side a pair of hands reached up, as though someone was going to climb the wall. There were flowers growing near the girl, but couldn’t tell what they were; there was a creeper too, but it was just a creeper. Ans: (i) grandmother (ii) was knitting a woollen scarf (iii) under the mango tree (iv) her fingers (v) the needles (vi) all afternoon (vii) was rummaging (viii) of old books and family heirlooms (ix) a small photograph (x) between the pages 27. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 4, Lesson - 3) I jumped on the bed beside my grandmother and she walloped me on the bottom and said, ‘Now I’ve lost count of my stitches, and the next time you do that I’ll make you finish the scarf yourself.’ She took the photograph from my hand, and we both stared at it for quite a long time. The girl had long, loose hair, and she wore a long dress that nearly covered her ankles, and sleeves that reached her wrists, and there were a lot of bangles on her hands; but, despite all this drapery, the girl appeared to be full of freedom and movement; she stood with her legs apart and her hands on her hips, and she had a wide, almost devilish smile on her face. ‘Whose picture is it?’ I asked. ‘A little girl’s of course’, said Grandmother. 'Can't you tell’? ‘Yes, but did you know the girl?' ‘Yes, I knew her’, said Granny, ‘but she was a very wicked girl and I shouldn’t tell you about her. But I’ll tell you about the photograph. It was taken in your grandfather’s house, about sixty years ago and that's the garden wall, and over the wall there was a road going to town'. Ans: (i) jumped (ii) beside his grandmother (iii) She (iv) the photograph (v) from his hand (vi) The girl (vii) nearly covered her ankles (viii) on her face (ix) The photograph (x) about sixty years ago 28. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10=10 (Unit - 4, Lesson - 3) ‘And what about the girl?’ I said. ‘Tell me about the girl.’ ‘Well, she was a wicked girl,’ said Granny. ‘You don’t know the trouble they had getting her into those fine clothes she’s wearing.’ ‘Who was the girl?’ I said. ‘You must tell me who she was.’ ‘No, that wouldn’t do,’ said Grandmother, but I pretended I didn’t know. I knew, because Grandmother still smiled in the same way, even though she didn’t have as many teeth. Come on, Granny,’ I said, ‘tell me, tell me.’ But Grandmother shook her head and carried on with the knitting; and I held the photograph in my hand looking from it to my grandmother and back again, trying to find points in common between the old lady and the little pig-tailed girl. A lemon-coloured butterfly settled on the end of Grandmother’s knitting needle, and stayed there while the needles clicked away. I made a grab at the butterfly, and it flew off in a dipping flight and settled on a sunflower. ‘I wonder whose hands they were,’ whispered Grandmother to herself, with her head bowed, and her needles clicking away in the software silence of that summer afternoon. Ans: (i) Granny to know about (ii) The trouble (iii) she’s wearing (iv) Grandmother (v) the same way (vi) shaking her head and carrying on (vii) the knitting (viii) his hand (ix) Her needles (x) that summer afternoon 29. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 5, Lesson - 1) Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things: infancy (birth to age 2), early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years). Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some who will try to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status. World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterised by fast paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal: however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio­economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Ans: (i) Children (ii) their lives (iii) four or five stages (iv) they learn certain things (v) adolescence (vi) after childhood and before adulthood (vii) life (viii) Biological processes (ix) the onset of puberty marking the passage (x) the past century 30. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10=10 (Unit - 5, Lesson - 1) The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems. Behaviour patterns that are established during this period such as the use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Ans: (i) experiences (ii) during the time of adolescence (iii) these experiences (iv) movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity the acquisition of skills (vi) Many adolescents (vii) alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs (viii) Many (ix) a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems (x) Behaviour patterns.

Information Transfer for SSC Examination Worskheet-4.0 Dhaka Board 2020 1.    Read the passage on Neil A. Armstrong. Complete the table below with information from the passage. Neil A. Armstrong commanded the Gemini-8 Mission and became the first human to walk on the moon as commander of Apollo 11. He was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Purdue University and a Master of Science degree from the University of Southern California. Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong. Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins launched the mission to the moon with Apollo 11. on July 16 and landed on the moon on July 20, 1969. Neil A. Armstrong first stepped on to the surface and then Aldrin. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. After exploring the surface they rejoined Collins in the orbiting mothership. Neil A. Armstrong died on August 25, 2012. (Neil Armstrong) Mymensingh Board 2020 2.    Read the passage on Subhas Chandra Bose and answer questions no. 4 Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) aged 48 was an Indian nationalist whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Germany and Japan left a troubled legacy. The honourific Netaji (Hindustani language: Respected leader), first applied to Bose in Germany, by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian omnicials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, in nearly 1942, was by 1990 used widely throughout India. Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1958 and 1939. However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mohandas K. Gandhi and the Congress high command. He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940. Complete the table below with information from the following passage. Rajshahi Board 2020 3.    Read the passage and answer the questions no. 4 Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. He was an American astronaut. He was also an aerospace engineer. Armstrong was born on 05 August 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio, the USA. He earned his flight certificate in 1945 at the age of 15 only. In 1947, at the age of 17, he began to study Aeronautical Engineering in Purdue University, the USA. He received BSc degree in Aeronautical Engineering in 1955 and he did MSc in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California in 1970. In 1958, he was selected for the US Airforce’s Man in Space Programme. Neil Armstrong, along with his group, launched the mission to the moon with Apollo 11 on July 16, 1969. He was the commander of Apollo 11 and four days later they landed on the moon. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. The next day, they fired off the surface of the moon. Complete the table below with information from the above passage. Dinajpur Board-2020 4.    Read the passage on Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq and answer questions no. 4 Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq was born in 1873 at Saturia in Barishal. He received his primary education in a village Maktab. Then he entered Barishal Zilla School. He passed the Entrance Examination standing first in the Dhaka Division. After that, he went to Kolkata for higher education. At the age of twenty-one, he passed the BSc. Exam obtaining Honours in Chemistry, Physics and Math from the Presidency College, Kolkata. He took his MSc degree in Math in 1895. The next year, he was appointed as an examiner of MA in Math in Kolkata University. Then he passed BL Examination. Then he enrolled himself in the Kolkata High Court. He worked with Nawab Sir Salimullah. He played an important role in founding the All Indian Muslim League in 1906. Then he became Deputy Magistrate. But he resigned and again joined Kolkata High Court. In 1913, he became an elected member of BLC. Three years after, he attend the special joint| session of the Congress and the Muslim League in Lucknow. In 1918, he became the General Secretary of the Indian National Congress and the President of the All Indian Muslim League. Complete the table below with information from the above passage. Jashore Board-2020 5.    Read the passage on Alessandro Volta and complete the following table with the information given in the passage. Alessandro Volta was a famous Italian physicist. He is well-known for the invention of the first battery in 1800. He was born in Como, Italy on February 18, 1745. In 1774, he became a professor of Physics at the Royal School in Como. Volta studied the Chemistry of gases from 1776-1778. In November 1777, he discovered methane in a lake. In 1779, he became a professor of experimental Physics at the University of Pavia. In 1794, Volta married an aristocratic lady. In honour of his work, he was made a count by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1801. In 1782, he travelled to France and Germany. In 1815, the Emperor of Austria made him the director of Philosophical Faculty of Padua. In 1819, he retired and settled in his native town where he died in March 1827. 5. Cumilla Board-2020 6.    Read the following text carefully and answer questions 4 Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the USA He is famous for his Gettysburg Address. It was delivered by him during the American Civil War on November 19. 1803. Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky, the USA His parents were from Virginia. In 1819, his mother died. Then his father moved to Indiana State. He grew up there. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War He got the nomination for president in 1600. Then he became the President of the USA in 1861. Lincoln declared a ban on slavery in America on January 1. 1803. He was reelected President in 1804. On Good Friday, April 16. 1665. he was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre in Washington Complete the table below with information from the passage. Chattagram Board 2020 7.    Read the passage on Humayun Ahmed and answer the questions no. 4 and 5 Humayun Ahmed was a teacher author dramatist, playwright and filmmaker. He was born in Mohonan. Netrokona, Mymensingh on 13 November 08. His father. Finur Rahman Ahmed, a police officer was killed by Pakistani military during the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 He passed SSC Examination from Bocura la School in 1965 and stood second in the merit list in Rajshahi Education Board He passed his ISC Earn from Dhaka College in 1967. He took his Honors and Masters in Chemistry from the University of Dhaka with first class. He did his PhD from North Dakota State University. He worked as a Professor of Chemistry in Dhaka University Humayun Ahmed reached his peak of fame with the publication of his novel Nondito Noroke in 1972. He wrote over 200 fiction and non-fiction books all of which were best sellers in Bangladesh. His first television drama was Prothom Prohor It was followed by many dramas and drama serials. He also directed many films based on his own stories. For his outstanding achievements he was honoured with many awards including Bangla Academy Award (1991) and Ekushey Padak (1994). He died on 2012 Bellevue Hospital in New York. He was buried in Nuhash Palli. Complete the table below with the information from the above passage Barishal Board 2020 8.    Read the following text carefully and answer the questions no. 4 Abul Fazal, educationist and writer, was born on 1 July 1903 in the village of Keochia in Satkania Chattogram district. His father, Moulavi Fazlur Rahman, was an Imam of Chattogram Jame Masjid. He completed his BA from Dhaka University in 1928. In 1930, he did his BT from training College, Dhaka. He completed his Master’s degree in Bangla Language and literature from Kolkata University in 1940. He worked as a teacher of Bangla in Krishnanagar and Chattogram College. In 1973, he was made Vice Chancellor of Chattogram University. In 1975 he joined the Advisory Council of the Government of Bangladesh, but resigned on 23 June 1977. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, memories of travels, etc. His contribution to Bangla literature earned him the Bangla Academy Award (1962), the President’s Award (1963) the Adamjee Literary Award (1966), etc. He died on 4 May 1983 in Chattogram. Complete the following table with the information from the passage. Sylhet Board 2020 9.    Read the following passage and answer the questions no. 4 and 5. Munshi Abdur Rouf was a Lance Nayek in East Pakistan Rifles during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He was born on 1 May. 1943 at Salamatpur village under Boalmari thana in Faridpur district. Rouf had to stop his education at his eighth grade. He joined the East Pakistan Rifles on 8 May, 1963. He had to increase at the EPR camp at Chuadanga. Rouf went to enlisted in the East Bengal Regiment on 8 May, 1963 and was attached to a regular infinity unit during the War of Liberation. Munshi Abdur Rouf embraced martyrdom on 18 April 1911 Burigat in Chattogram Hill Tracts after causing extensive damage to Pakistan army with his MG and forcing them to retreat. He was buried at Naniarchar upazila in Rangamati district. He was awarded Birshreshtha, which is the highest recognition of bravery in Bangladesh 4. Complete the table below with information from the above passage. Dhaka Board 2019 10. Read the passage on rescue of Thai footballer and answer the questions no. 4 On 23 June 2018, twelve Thai young footballers along with their coach missed in a cave network in Chiang Rai province in Thailand. From the next day national and international community became worried for them. Their age was between 11 to 16 and their coach was 20. The football team had been on an exploration to the cave network following a game. The group beach) stranded after monsoon rain caused the cave system to food. The cave system named Them Lang 10 kilometers long. It is a snaking route which has a number of chambers already submerged in water, It took 6 hours to get where footballers were and live hours to come back to cave entrance. Thai rescuers began their expedition to find out after the missing. International rescue team also joined them. On July 3 the footballers were discovered alive by a British diver. Spending nine days in darkness they were suffering from hunger. A Thai, rescuer died while he was supplying them food and other necessities, Getting weather forecast the rescue team planned to rescue them immediately. Navy divers had to lead the boys along the underway path from the cave. On July 8, four boys, were rescued. Finally all 13 were rescued in next three days. Complete the table below with information from the above passage: Rajshahi Board 2019 11. Read the passage on Yuri Gagarin and answer the questions no. 4 Yuri Gagarin was a Russian pilot and astronaut. He was the first human to joumicy into outer space. He on his spacecraft Vostok completed on orbit of the carth on 12 April 1961. Yun Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino, Russia on March 9. 1934. His parents worked on a farm. He was the third of four children. In 1946. Gagarin completed his secondary cducation at Klushino. At the age of 16, in 1950he entered a foundry-steel factory near Moscow. He did his graduation from a vocational school in 1951. Then he took a training as a Soviet Air Cadet at a local club where he learned to fly at first. He again graduated from a technical school in 1955 and he was recruited in the Soviet Army. He became a lieutenant in the Soviet Air Force in 1951. In 1960, Yuri was selected for the Soviet Space Program. On 12 April 1961, he became the first human to travel into space and move round the earth. He died in 1968 in a plane crash. Complete the table below with information from the above passage: Dinajpur Board 2019 12. Read the passage and answer the questions no. 4 Rabindranath Tagore was one of the most leading poets in the history of world literature. He was at the same time a poet, a novelist a dramatist, a philosopher and a musician. He was born in the renowned Tagore family in March, 1861. After the completion of his house education, he was sent to school. But he did not like institutional education. So arrangements were made at house for proper education. In his thirteen year; Rahindranath along with his father went to visit Himalayas. At the age of seventeen he was sent to London to study law. But he studied literature with Professor Henry Morley only for a few months and then returned home. Only at the age of eight he started composing poems. He wrote his poetic novel Banaphul at the age of fifteen. When he was sixteen, his poems and essays were being published in journals. After returning from England, he began to write tirelessly in all branches of literature. In 1911 he translated his poems of “The Gitanjali” into English which brought him the highest honour in the form of the Nobel Prize in 1913. One year after his awarding of the Nobel Prize, he was made a Knight by the British Government which he rejected as a protest against the atrocities of British Government at Jalianwalabagh. The University of Oxford honoured him with D. Lit in 1940. Earlier in 1921, he laid the foundation of Viswa Bharati. At the age of eighty. Rabindranth Tagore breathed his last. Complete the table below with information from the above passage :  Biography of Rahindranath Tagore 13. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions no. 4 The great men were born in different places of this world but their activities make them familiar and closer to us. Dr. Muhammad Shahiduallh was one of those who contributed a lot towards Bangla language and literature. He was the greatest scholar of Bengal. This great scholar was born on July, 1885 at 24 Pargonas in West Bengal, India. He passed his entrance examination in 1904 and obtained his B.A. degree six years later. It took him two years to complete his M.A. and another two years for his Bachelor of Law Degree. He later joined the University of Dhaka in 1921 as a professor of Sanskrit and Bengali. He was awarded the Doctorate Degree from Sorbone University, Paris in 1928.. | "Bangla Shahitter Katha", the first well-arranged  history of Bengali literature was composed by him that was published in 1953. This great scholar remained busy with his work. till he became seriously ill in 1967 and was confined to bed for about two and a half years. Dr. Shaiduallan breathed his last on 13th July, 1969 in Dhaka. We remember him with great respect and gratitude. Complete the table below with information from the above passage :___ Cumilla Board 2019 14. Read the passage on Gustave Eiffel and his Tower and answer the questions no. 4 Altaf Mahmud was a musician, cultural activist and martyred freedom fighter of Liberation War of Bangladesh. He was born on 23 December 1933. He was also a language activist of Language Movement and composer of 'Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano' – the famous song written by Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury, a famous journalist. In 1950 he sang gonoshongit in many places to inspire the activists of the Language Movement. Along with his singing, Mahmud continued to support the movement. He tuned the  song 'Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano' in 1969, in Zahir Raihan's film 'Jibon Theke Neya'. Altaf Mahmud took part in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. He created a secret camp inside his house for the freedom fighters. But as the secret revealed, Pakistan Army caught him on August 30, 1971. He was tortured by them. A lot of other guerrilla war fighters like Shafi Imam Rumi were also captured by the Pak army on that day. Along with most of them, he was lost ever since. His patriotic songs which were then broadcast at the "Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra" also inspired the war fighters at that time. In 1977, Altaf Mahmud was awarded the Ekushey Padak for his valuable contribution to Bengali culture and the War of Liberation. Complete the table below with information from the above passage : Chattogram Board 2019 15. Read the passage and answer the questions no, 4 Milton was a great poet after Shakespeare. His father early decided that Milton was to have a literary career. At the age of 7, in 1615 he got himself admitted in Star Palace School. But Milton could not pay attention to his studies in this school. After a couple of years, he left the school and studied at St. Paul's School till 1624. In the succeeding year, Milton entered Christ College in Cambridge. He took his M.A degree at the age of 24 and went to his father's house in the village of Horton. Milton's father, however, had faith in his son and allowed him to continue his studies at Horton from 1632 to 1638. During this time he made himself Master of everything worth knowing in the literature of Rørne, Greece, Italy, France, Spain and the Bible. In 1643, Milton met Mary Powel in an occasion and married her. But this great poet became blind in 1652. The idea behind his famous. Work "Paradise Lost" developed after his blindness. 'Paradise Lost' saw the light of the day in the year 1665. Nine years after its publications, this great artist in Literature died. Complete the table below with information from the above passage: Sylhet Board 2019 16. Read the passage on SAARC and answer the questions no. 4 SAARC is a regional organization for mutual cooperation, friendship and development. The full form of SAARC is "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation". At the initial stage, there were only seven developing nations to form the organization. Later, Afghanistan was included as one of its member countries. SAARC started its journey through holding its first conference in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. At present, the member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan. The secretariat of this organization is situated in the capital of Nepal. Its head is called Secretary General. There is a deep relationship between Bangladesh and SAARC. It was Bangladesh that took the first  initiative to form SAARC. As the initiator of SAARCH Bangladesh has been playing a significant and strong role in its different activities. As one of the member countries it has also beon making every effort to expand the trade between the member countries and to solve the regional conflicts and existing crisis between the neighbouring countries. Complete the table below with information from the above passage : Borisal bord-2019 17. Read the passage on Gustave Eiffel and his soul and answer the questions no. 4 Charles Babbage, was an English Mathematician. He was also a mechanical engincer who is well kno for originating the concept of computer. He was bom on 26 December 1791 in London. He entered Trinity College in October, 1810. He was transferred to Peterhouse. Cambridge. He was the top Mathematician there. He received an honours degree without examination in 1814.' He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1816. Babbage is famous for inventing the first mechanical computer in 1822 that eventually led to today's computer. He died at his home in London on 18 October, 1871. Complete the table below with information from the above passage : SSC Examination 2018 18. Read the passage on Gustave Eiffel and his Tower and answer the questions no. 4 and 5: The Eiffel Tower was named after Gustave Eiffel, a Frenchman who designed the tower. He was born in a prosperous family in 1832. He took his graduation from the Central School of Engineering in Paris went to work for a railway construction comp His mother thought that he would not go far. patient, mum. I've got some ideas. You Gustave assured his mother. For years Gustave made plan alter plan for factories, stations and structures of great SK buildings. All over Europe engineers copied the middle of 1880's. a group of Frenca industrialists persuaded the government to organizes a World Fair in Paris, Gustave proposed a 98 tower of iron as a symbol of the fair. construction of the tower began in January 180 Forty engineers and designers worked under Gustave's direction for two years. The tower was. finally completed in March 1889. It is the highest structure of iron made by man.' No such structure had ever been constructed before. It is regarded as one of the wonders of the world. 4. Complete the table below with information from the above passage : 1 x 5=5

SAT Model Test-1 Reading  & Writing Module 1: 32 Minutes, 27 Questions 1.   According to the United States Department of Labor, the 2021 median pay for veterinarians was approximately $100,000 annually, with the top 10 percent       more than $165,000. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A)   using B)   discovering C)   earning D)   writing 2.   Employing slightly subtler brushstrokes than most of his counterparts, the artist focused his labors on capturing the tranquil, shore-side recreations of bourgeois vacationers. Around this time, it was becoming fashionable among the middle class to possess commemorative depictions of the places one had traveled, and he managed to fill this niche masterfully. As used in the text, what does the word “fashionable” most nearly mean? A)   Tailored B)   Popular C)   Leisurely D)   Economical 3.   Although some invasive species do cause tremendous and irreparable damage to their ecosystems, environments are not static; they change, develop, and adapt to transitions, whether these be natural or manmade. We must learn to be more discriminating in our eradication of invasive plants from those areas where they have become an integral part of the greater ecosystem. As used in the text, what does the word “discriminating” most nearly mean? A)   Biased B)   Intolerant C)   Tasteful D)   Selective 4.   Parthenogenesis is not limited to lizards and sharks but is common in insects, crayfish, flatworms, snails, snakes, and even some birds. The exception is mammals. Although parthenogenesis can be artificially induced in a science laboratory, it has never been known to have occurred in mammals naturally. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A)   To transition to a clarification B)   To define an unfamiliar term C)   To give ethical reasoning D)   To analyze an economic impact 5.   The text is from Booker T. Washington’s 1901 autobiography. I was born a slave on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. I am not quite sure of the exact place or exact date of my birth, but at any rate I suspect I must have been born somewhere and at some time. As nearly as I have been able to learn, I was born near a cross-roads post-office called Hale’s Ford, and the year was 1858 or 1859. I do not know the month or the day. The earliest impressions I can now recall are of the plantation and the slave quarters—the latter being the part of the plantation where the slaves had their cabins. Washington’s primary purpose in the text above is most likely A)   to lament his increased senility. B)   to express his identity. C)   to critique his familial relations. D)   to underscore his rootlessness. 6.   Though not the first to utilize encryption, Roman emperor Julius Caesar is perhaps the most notable early adopter. A man of many secrets, Caesar would send messages to his generals in which the letters of the alphabet had been shifted a set number of places (A became D, B became E, and so forth). The recipient of the message would be alerted to the cipher in advance and would thus decode the message upon delivery. The Caesar Shift was simplistic by today’s standards, but in an era in which very few could read in the first place, the encryption was effective. The text most strongly suggests that the encryption used by Julius Caesar was successful in large part due to A)   its mathematical complexity. B)   a lack of widespread literacy at the time. C)   its ancient historical roots. D)   its incapacity to be physically intercepted. 7.   Text 1 Many historians find that general trends tend to repeat themselves if you look far enough back through the records of humanity. It truly can be said that there is nothing new under the sun. Perhaps this is simply a function of how long humans have been around, but perhaps it also says something about just how similar all humans are, even across thousands of years. Text 2 Studying fashion history is a lot like listening to remixes of your favorite songs. As you examine textiles from around the world and through time, you’ll constantly see that most “new”fashions are just old ideas remade. And so, women’s high-waisted shirts from the early 2000s weren’t anything new or different: they were simply 18th-century empire-style gowns remixed for a new generation. What best describes the relationship between the two texts? A)   Text 2 provides a specific example to illustrate the broad claim made in Text 1. B)   Text 2 presents arguments that are generally opposed to the primary position made in Text 1. C)   Text 1 emphasizes a modern approach to the study of history, whereas Text 2 is more antiquated. D)   Text 1 addresses the major objection to the study of history that is raised by Text 2. 8.   FedEx and UPS now provide online tracking of packages for the consumer. It is interesting to log on and see the journey that a purchase has traveled to go from source to destination. Each time an arrival and a departure are scanned, that item must be picked up by an employee, placed on a moving belt to take to a sortation system, and then placed on another vehicle for its next leg in the sojourn. Holiday seasons put these logistics systems to a severe test each year, and companies in the business of logistics are constantly investing in new ways to handle the information and the items as they flow through the pipelines. Billions of dollars have been invested in these types of service industries, and the activity behind the scenes is something to behold. The author’s attitude toward the process of logistical distribution can best be described as A)   skeptical. B)   positive. C)   neutral. D)   bellicose. 9.   The text is from Anatole France’s 1912 novel The Gods Will Have Blood. Those who make a trade out of foretelling the future rarely grow rich. Their attempts to deceive are too easily found out and arouse detestation. And yet it would be necessary to detest them much, much more if they foretold the future correctly. For a man’s life would become intolerable, if he knew what was going to happen to him. He would be made aware of future evils, and would suffer their agonies in advance, while he would get no joy of present blessings since he would know how they would end. Ignorance is the necessary condition of human happiness, and it must be admitted that on the whole mankind observes that condition well. We are almost entirely ignorant of ourselves, absolutely of others. In ignorance, we find our bliss, in illusions, our happiness. The main idea conveyed in the above monologue can best be summarized as A)   let bygones be bygones. B)   the truth will set you free. C)   focus on the moment. D)   do unto others as you would have them do unto you. 10. Note: Writing scores range from 0 to 300, and students were surveyed nationwide. Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics Those who read for fun more often have higher writing scores—in fact, those who read daily for fun outperform those who never or hardly ever read by approximately   points on national writing tests. Which choice most effectively uses data from the chart to complete the example? A)   10 B)   30 C)   60 D)   120 11.  “Mabel Osborne” is a 1915 poem by Edgar Lee Masters in which the narrator expresses her sorrow at being ignored by other people. Which quotation from “Mabel Osborne” most effectively illustrates that claim? A)    “But you do not ask for water. / You cannot speak!” B)   “Everyone knows that you are dying of thirst, / Yet they do not bring water!” C)   “And I, who had happiness to share, / And longed to share your happiness;” D)   “I who loved you, Spoon River, / And craved your love,” 12.   Bacteriostatic antibiotics are often prescribed to patients who have an intact immune system that can assist in killing the microorganism causing the infection. Allowing the innate immune system to do some of the work decreases the length of time the patient needs to be on the antibiotic, which can help eliminate some of the unwanted side effects. In contrast, bactericidal drugs are prescribed when the patient may be immunocompromised (i.e., the natural immune system is not functioning properly) and cannot fight off the infection. Depending on the severity and type of infection, a doctor may select a narrow- or broad-spectrum bactericidal drug. It is reasonable to conclude from the text that a bacteriostatic medicine and a bactericidal medicine would be optimally used on patients in which of the following respective situations? A)   Relatively healthy, relatively ill B)   Generally unhealthy, generally healthy C)   Internally sick, externally sick D)   Physically ill, mentally ill 13.   A new approach was required before color photography could emerge as a truly viable artistic and documentary medium. Such an approach was theorized just ten years later. While Hill’s and Becquerel’s labors had emphasized the search for a novel, chameleonic compound to assume any spectral wavelength shown upon it, Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell used as his model the color sensitivity of the human eye. The text suggests that Maxwell was able to make a scientific breakthrough in photographic technology by shifting his focus from A)   chemistry to biology. B)   anthropology to astronomy. C)   physics to mathematics. D)   artistry to geometry. 14.   Halley’s Comet falls into a category called Great Comets, which are those that become bright enough during their passage near Earth to be observed by the naked eye. Predicting whether a comet will be “Great” has proven a challenging task even for the most talented astronomers and astrophysicists. The comet must pass through a relatively small expanse of space near enough to the sun to reflect a large amount of light but remain close enough to Earth for the light to reach and penetrate our atmosphere. Moreover, it is thought that a Great Comet must possess a large and active nucleus, though the exact physics of comet nuclei— which consist of dust, ice, and perhaps particulate minerals—are still poorly understood. Even so, comets meeting these criteria have on occasion failed to achieve “greatness.” According to the text, which characteristic of a comet is most essential to its being categorized as a “Great Comet”? A)   Whether it has a significant proportion of dust and ice in its core B)   Whether it has an orbital eccentricity greater than zero C)   Whether humans can observe it without a telescope D)   Whether it contributes to meteor activity visible by astronomers 15.   Occupational therapists work with many clients on any given day. If routine daily activities occupy         schedules, occupational therapists can provide treatments. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   their clients’ B)   they’re clients C)   there client’s D)   their clients 16.   Among many discoveries, the Voyager 2 spacecraft volcanic activity— the first time another astronomical body was found to have this Earth-like characteristic. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   found that Io a moon of Jupiter has B)   found that Io, a moon of Jupiter has C)   found that Io, a moon of Jupiter, has D)   found that Io a moon, of Jupiter has 17.   A few years ago, a research team at Fermi Lab known as the DZero Collaboration announced observations of matter-antimatter asymmetries on a scale never seen before. Prior to the DZero study, baryon asymmetry and similar CP violations                                                             in laboratory settings only in much smaller—and thus, less helpful—orders of magnitude. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   has been observed B)   have been observed C)   had been observed D)   is being observed 18.   Tim, while appropriately interested in diagnosing and treating problems with their teeth and gums, demonstrated real passion for repairing teeth and aiding in cosmetic dental concerns. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   patients B)   patient’s C)   patients’ D)   those of patients 19.   Allergens, pollution, bacteria, and sunlight—these are just some of the foreign objects that Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   on a basis that is daily are attacking the human body. B)   attacking the bodies of humans on a daily basis. C)   attack the human body on a daily basis. D)   attacks humans each and every day. 20.   Additionally, there is a boat passing                                 a calm sea, which is an ancient depiction symbolizing the passage of life to death. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   to B)   over C)   and journeying throughout D)   sequencing 21.   Not long after the Pinkertons surrendered, Pennsylvania governor Robert Pattison authorized the militia to advance and placed the town of Homestead under martial law. In the days that followed, steel production at the plant resumed, with strikebreakers living on the                                                                            too dangerous for them to cross the picket. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   mills grounds: it was still B)   mills’ grounds—it was still C)   mill’s grounds, it was still D)   mill’s grounds; it was still 22.   Sociologically, sports unite us far more than they divide us. Take, Americans and football. Regardless of where you’re from, what you believe, or what team you like, when it’s football season you can connect with other people, even strangers, through this unifying agent. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A)   though, B)   on the other hand, C)   still, D)   for example, 23.   In addition to improving one’s intellectual abilities, the habit of reading has an occupational and financial payoff. Sixty-three percent of employers rate reading comprehension as being very important. There is a strong correlation between poor reading skills and unemployment, lower wages, and fewer opportunities for advancement. The author is considering removing the underlined sentence from the text. Should it be kept or removed? A)   Kept, because it provides specific details in support of the previous sentence. B)   Kept, because it elaborates on salary details that result from avid reading. C)   Removed, because it repeats information already expressed in the passage. D)   Removed, because it provides far more detail than necessary to make the argument. 24.   While researching a topic, a student has made the following notes: •          The Heliocentric Model has the Earth and other planets revolving around the sun. •          Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was a proponent of the Heliocentric Model. •          The Geocentric Model has the sun and other planetary bodies revolving around the Earth. •          Ancient Greek philosopher Ptolemy was a proponent of the Geocentric Model. •          The Heliocentric Model eventually became dominant after Copernicus demonstrated that it better utilized mathematics to explain astronomical observations. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the Heliocentric and Geocentric theories. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information to accomplish this goal? A)   The Heliocentric and Geocentric models are both widely accepted by scientists today. B)   Both the Heliocentric and Geocentric models incorporate rotational movement. C)   The Geocentric and Heliocentric models were both widely known by the citizens of ancient Greece. D)   Aristotle and Copernicus were both eminent scientists who lived in ancient Greece. 25.   Birth order isn’t a one-size-fits-all theory; there are many loopholes and exceptions. People can change, if they want to, through hard work. it can be helpful to understand the factors that influence personalities, and birth order helps a little. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A)   Nevertheless, B)   As a result, C)   Due to this, D)   Continuing, 26.   That entire summer, I pounded baseballs. Swing and ping, swing and ping, swing, and ping—         the interminable blunt- force trauma of tens of thousands of baseballs had misshapen my Louisville Slugger into something resembling more of a deformed soda can. Which of the following completes the text with the most specific expression of the great extent to which the narrator played and practiced baseball that summer? A)   sixty games and ninety batting practice sessions later, B)   after quite a few games and extensive time working in the practice area, C)   spending nearly ten times as much time playing and practicing as would be expected, D)   trying my hardest to bat a .325 average, 27.   If the United States were to shift to a majority vote system, the way presidential candidates campaign for office would fundamentally change. Right now, candidates have little reason to bother campaigning in states that typically go strongly for one political party. There is little logic in a Republican trying to win New York, or a Democrat trying to win Texas. Instead, candidates focus their energies on “swing states,” like Florida and Ohio, that are relatively balanced along party lines. Floridians and Ohioans currently receive far more candidate visits and attention than New Yorkers or Texans.    This would ensure that all U.S. citizens have an equal voice not just in theory but in reality. Which sentence, if inserted in the underlined portion, would best strengthen the argument of the paragraph by transitioning between the previous and the following sentences? A)   Ohio has a smaller population relative to Texas, although Ohio does have a greater population density than Texas. B)   If the Electoral College were abolished in favor of a majority vote system, candidates would have a much stronger incentive to campaign nationwide. C)   It is inherently unjust that candidates want to spend their time campaigning in places where they will inevitably emerge victorious while ignoring states with undecided voters. D)   Nationwide polls indicate that the average voters in states from high to low electoral college representation uniformly agree that the time has come for a seismic shift in the political landscape. Reading  & Writing Module 2: 32 Minutes, 27 Questions 1.   The Citizeness Gamelin put the soup on the table, said the Benedicite, seated her son and her guest, and began to eat standing up, declining the chair which Brotteaux offered her next to him, since, she said, she knew what courtesy required of her. As used in the text, what does the word “declining” most nearly mean? A)   Repulsing B)   Decreasing C)   Turning down D)   Plummeting 2.   The stove and the oven remain to this day our most-used cooking technologies, and innovations in the field of heating elements have frequently ameliorated the mechanism without much change to the principal design. The commercialization of natural gas in late 19thcentury England eventually gave cooks the ability to precisely         their cooking flame, as well as the convenience of instantaneous ignition. To this day, gas ranges are preferred by many professional chefs. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A)   Annihilate B)   Satisfy C)   Craft D)   Manipulate 3.   The following text is from Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1852 novel The Blithedale Romance. “Nothing,” answered I; “nothing, that I know of, unless to make pretty verses, and play a part, with Zenobia and the rest of the amateurs, in our pastoral. It seems but an unsubstantial sort of business, as viewed through a mist of fever. But, dear Hollingsworth, your own vocation is evidently to be a priest, and to spend your days and nights in helping your fellow-creatures to draw peaceful dying breaths.” As used in the text, what does the word “draw” most nearly mean? A)   Inhale B)   Provoke C)   Infer D)   Sketch 4.   The following text is from Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel The Jungle. The work which Jurgis was to do here was very simple, and it took him but a few minutes to learn it. He was provided with a stiff besom, such as is used by street sweepers, and it was his place to follow down the line the man who drew out the smoking entrails from the carcass of the steer; this mass was to be swept into a trap, which was then closed, so that no one might slip into it. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? A)   To analyze a character’s motivations B)   To evaluate social conditions in the present-day United States C)   To describe a character’s professional tasks D)   To consider a likely objection by the reader 5.   Spanning more than 1,500 miles, the border between Canada and the United States has been called the longest undefended international boundary in the world. This is true to some extent, in that neither the United States nor Canada maintains a military presence at the border. But as anyone who has crossed from one side of Niagara Falls to the other knows, civilian law enforcement is present and accounted for at checkpoints on both sides of the boundary, where entrants are monitored and customs laws administered. Partly because of our cultural similarities and partly because of the remarkable amiability of our diplomatic relations over the past 150 years, it can sometimes seem almost as though the distinction between Canada and the United States is more of policy than of practice. Which choice best states the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole? A)   To analyze the economic consequences of international borders on global commerce B)   To explain the details of the security screenings that people who cross the U.S.-Canadian border must undergo C)   To give evidence of the continual border hostility that the United States and Canada have had since the war of 1812 D)   To clarify that although the United States and Canada have friendly relations, they are still clearly two different countries 6.   Ernest Hemingway speaks of the artistry of another culture’s profanity with admiration in his celebrated novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls, wherein the narrator bears witness as obscenities and insults build to a high formalism and eventually collapse upon themselves, leaving the profanities implied rather than stated. The phenomenon described in the text is most like A)   an aqueduct that is constructed in ancient times only to crumble as the centuries pass. B)   the development of architectural technology enabling ever higher construction. C)   the prohibition of subversive political meetings by an authoritarian dictator. D)   the evolution of painting from realistic portraiture to abstract expressionism. 7.   Text 1 and Text 2 are adapted from different sections of the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Text 1 In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peacetime, the present Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not recognized by one of them. Text 2 Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them. The tones of both Text 1 and Text 2 can best be described as A)   casual and relaxed. B)   analytical and indecisive. C)   formal and authoritative. D)   melancholy and spontaneous. 8.   Text 1 Melaleuca trees were brought to the Florida Everglades from Australia; developers thought these trees would help dry up vast swampy areas, enabling residential and commercial construction. Unfortunately, the trees spread widely and covered up large swaths of the Everglades, displacing native plants. Florida has had to spend a great deal of money to remove these invasive trees. Text 2 Though common protocol would dictate that an invasive species like honeysuckle be removed from areas where it becomes dominant, these new findings demonstrate that such action would likely strike a significant blow to native bird populations. What’s more, areas that today are abundant in honeysuckle typically host 30 to 40 percent more birds than these same regions did thirty years ago, indicating a long-term change for the better. The author of Text 2 would most likely agree with which statement about Text 1? A)   While invasive species may cause damage, not all invasive species should be considered harmful. B)   Melaleuca trees demonstrate the importance of uniformly removing invasive species from the environment. C)   Honeysuckle plants and melaleuca plants show the need for a consistent approach to invasive species management. D)   So long as invasive plants are not transported across oceans, they are unlikely to be harmful. 9.   The text is from Benjamin Franklin’s 1771 autobiography. Having emerged from the poverty and obscurity in which I was born and bred, to a state of affluence and some degree of reputation in the world, and having gone so far through life with a considerable share of felicity, the conducing means I made use of, which with the blessing of God so well succeeded, my posterity may like to know, as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations, and therefore fit to be imitated. That felicity, when I reflected on it, has induced me sometimes to say, that were it offered to my choice, I should have no objection to a repetition of the same life from its beginning, only asking the advantages authors have in a second edition to correct some faults of the first. It is reasonable to conclude from the text that Franklin’s personal financial situation A)   was as strong later in his life as it was when he was young. B)   worsened as he advanced in years. C)   had a random pattern of booms and busts over his life. D)   improved greatly over his lifetime. 10.   In the sense of Ferdinand Saussure’s theory of semiotics, one might suggest that the use of literal profanity—as opposed to figurative, which only possesses social sway based on its proximity to the literal—garners part of its power by being the closest available union of signifier and signified in subjects that, as a culture, we tend to avoid in polite and formal conversations. That is, the word is rude, because the thing itself—in a general context—is also considered rude. One can reasonably conclude that Ferdinand Saussure believes that a major factor that gives profanity its power is A)   the real-life things it represents. B)   its representation of conflict between symbolism and clarity. C)   the rarity with which its ideas are encountered. D)   its use by the socially dominant classes. 11. The Galapagos Islands have been isolated from human habitation until relatively recently. *http://www.galapagos.org/conservation/tourism-growth/ A scientist makes this statement: “Take a walk through the woods almost anywhere in the temperate U.S. and you’ll probably come across clusters of honeysuckle, dandelions, bobbing water lilies and dense patches of ivy. Despite their pervasiveness, none of these plants developed here naturally, but were introduced by human activity.” Based on the quotation and the statement, what would the scientist say would be the most likely consequence of tourism with respect to invasive plants in the Galapagos between 1980 and 2010? A)   Due to an increase in humanity’s awareness of the Galapagos, it is more likely that a desire for environmental stewardship of the islands will grow. B)   Due to an increase in economic activity as a result of tourism, the inhabitants of the Galapagos will have more money with which to combat unwanted plant species. C)   Due to an increase in human contact, it is more likely that nonnative organisms will be introduced by accident. D)   Due to an increase in hotel construction as a consequence of tourism, intentional cultivation of invasive species will grow. 12.   A historian argues that the primary advantage of the Fraktur variety of blackletter font was that it balanced elegance with functionalism. Which quotation from the historian’s essay most effectively illustrates this claim? A)   Though far less calligraphic than textualis, Fraktur is nonetheless more intricate than Schwabacher, and combines the soft readability of the latter with the bold regality of the former. B)   Antiqua’s subversion of blackletter began gradually, appearing primarily in scientific texts (which valued readability over appearance). C)   By far the most familiar blackletter style, Fraktur originated at the end of the 15th century through a commission of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. D)   The revolutionary scale of his innovation firmly established blackletter —particularly the Schwabacher and Fraktur varieties—as the preferred script for printed texts throughout Europe. 13.   They are a common fixture in household kitchens across the United States, but remarkably few of us who use them have any real idea of how our microwave ovens work. Contrary to most other food-heating appliances —the toaster, the convection oven, and the stove, for instance— the microwave itself has no internal heating element: flame, coil, or otherwise. Instead, the microwave oven uses the principle of dipole rotation to . Which choice most logically completes the text? A)   create a healthy alternative to highly processed foods B)   give consumers an affordable alternative to restaurant meals C)   generate heat from the molecules within the food itself D)   provide structural support to the walls of the appliance 14.   Asymmetric encryption relies on multiple advanced mathematical computations like discrete logarithms or the multiplication of 100-digit prime numbers. The specific mathematical details are far too complex for our purposes here, but the important concept is that asymmetric encryption functions by both a public key (shared to the world) and a private key (known only to the owner). It can be reasonably concluded that the intended audience for the text is A)   historical scholars. B)   mathematicians. C)   a general audience. D)   code-breakers. 15.   The following text is from Kate Chopin’s 1899 novel The Awakening. After Mrs. Pontellier had danced twice with her husband, once with Robert, and once with Monsieur Ratignolle, who was thin and tall and swayed like a reed in the wind when he danced, she went out on the gallery and seated herself on the low windowsill, where she commanded a view of all that went on in the hall and could look out toward the Gulf. There was a soft effulgence in the east. The moon was coming up, and its mystic shimmer was casting a million lights across the distant, restless water. “Would you like to hear Mademoiselle Reisz play?” asked Robert, coming out on the porch where she was. Of course Edna would like to hear Mademoiselle Reisz play; but she feared it would be useless to entreat her. Edna’s initial response to the possibility of hearing Mademoiselle Reisz play indicates that Edna is A)   wholly apathetic. B)   eager, but doubtful that Reisz would oblige. C)   repulsed by the suggestion. D)   disinterested, as she is currently occupied by something else. 16.   My German host mom spoke English                                          for eight months before I convinced her to switch to German. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   to me B)   at me C)   to I D)   at I 17.   The innate immune system                                            of two major barriers: the skin and the natural flora (i.e., naturally occurring bacteria). Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   consist B)   consists C)   consisting D)   to consist 18.   He understood firsthand how being ashamed of your dental health can your whole demeanor. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   effect B)   effects C)   affects D)   affect 19.   Reading also stimulates the                                                                   consider what it would have been like to be at some historical event, or to form a picture of what one could accomplish in life. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   imagination to identify with a hero in a story, to B)   imagination: to identify with a hero in a story, to C)   imagination; to identify with a hero in a story, to D)   imagination, to identify with a hero in a story to 20.   I don’t think anyone would call me a world traveler. I have only been overseas twice. Everywhere I have traveled there                                                                                                       a trend—the ever-present difficulty of learning the new language. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   has been B)   have been C)   will have been D)   be 21.   From the parental conflicts on a little-league team                                         international exchanges from a World Cup, sports and sociology go hand in hand. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   to B)   when C)   from D)   in 22.   Now, more than ever, science is beginning to understand the deleterious effects of prolonged stress,  . Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A)   including—but far from limited to, hypertension, obesity, and heart disease B)   including—but far from limited to hypertension, obesity, and heart disease C)   including—but far from limited to; hypertension, obesity, and heart disease D)   including—but far from limited to—hypertension, obesity, and heart disease 23.   Firstborn children are leaders. They spend their early years getting lots of attention from their parents, and then they grow up being responsible for their younger siblings. These are the people who are perfectionists. The author is considering removing the underlined portion of the sentence. Should it be kept or removed? A)   Kept, because it gives statistical evidence. B)   Kept, because it provides a helpful elaboration. C)   Removed, because it is irrelevant to the topic of the sentence. D)   Removed, because it interrupts the author’s line of reasoning. 24.   Reading is an enriching activity well worth making part of one’s regular habits. Starting from an early age, children who read for pleasure encounter many new words and concepts that expand their minds.           images are frequently used in society today, words, unlike images, require using one’s mind to understand them, ponder their meaning, and consider whether they are communicating something true or false. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A)   Although B)   Since C)   Because D)   In addition, 25.   While researching a topic, a student has made the following notes: •          Miles Davis was a famous jazz musician who was born in 1926 in Illinois and died in 1991 in California. •          Davis       studied       for     a     time      at     the     Julliard        School,       a     music conservatory in New York City. •          Davis is best known for his trumpet playing. •          Louis Armstrong was also a famous jazz musician, who was born in 1901 in Louisiana and died in 1971 in New York. •          Armstrong learned much of his musical skill, including reading music, by playing on riverboats. •          Armstrong is well known for both trumpet playing and vocal skill. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two musicians. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information to accomplish this goal? A)   Davis and Armstrong both were excellent trumpet players. B)   Davis and Armstrong were both born in the United States. C)   Armstrong’s education was less formal than Davis’s. D)   Davis was born several years earlier than Armstrong. 26.   We must ask ourselves as a society, what is it that we most value? If the former, we should shift away from an obsession with manned space flight and invest resources in robotic exploration. Which choice, inserted in the underlined portion, would best connect the preceding and following sentences? A)   Do we seek out knowledge and wisdom, or are we only concerned with chest-thumping and braggadocio? B)   Are we interested in exploring the moon, nearby planets, and even faraway star systems? C)   Do we only want to save money so that we can use it for domestic research programs to fight disease here on earth? D)   Are we focused on making the world a better place for our children, or do we want to leave them a legacy of environmental devastation? 27.   At odds with the Standard Model of physics, collision and radiation studies of antimatter have consistently confounded scientists’ efforts to reconcile the baryon asymmetry, and the known universe appears to be dominated by up to 0.01 times more matter than antimatter. such a discrepancy could soon prove to be a silver bullet for both the Standard Model and General Relativity, whose tenets are entrenched in our understanding of everything from the interaction of subatomic particles to the Big Bang Theory of cosmology. Which insertion for the underlined portion provides the most logical connection between the previous sentence and the current sentence? A)   Since this is such an influential quantity, B)   Though it may initially seem insignificant, C)   Given the paucity of scientific consensus, D)   Assuming that scientists are willing to disregard their instrumentation, Reading and Writing Answer Practice Test Solutions Reading  Module 1 Solutions 1.   C. The sentence is providing statistics on how much money veterinarians can make, so earning is the most appropriate word. The other options do not describe how much someone’s salary would be. 2.   B. “Fashionable” refers to the popularity of travelers placing paintings of their travel destinations in their homes. “Tailored” implies a level of customization that is not present in these works, “leisurely” refers more to the scenes of the paintings, and “economical” could apply to the practice of saving money by using more general scenes than customized ones; but the focus in these lines is on the increased interest in this practice. 3.   D. Although “discriminating” typically has a negative connotation that people associate with prejudice, in this context, the author is asserting that we need to be more careful and “selective” in deciding which invasive plants we keep and which ones we exterminate. Choices A and B can apply to discriminating in other contexts, and Choice C would only apply to being “discriminating” when it comes to the quality of art, food, music, etc. 4.   A. The first part of the text makes a broad statement of parthenogenesis. The underlined sentence outlines an important exception to this, mammals, and transitions into a clarification about how parthenogenesis does not occur naturally in mammals. It is not B, because this short sentence does not give a definition. It is not C or D, because the focus is on science, not ethics and economics. 5.   D. The vocabulary of the choices is perhaps the most difficult part of this question. “To underscore his rootlessness” is another way of saying to emphasize the uncertainty of his background. Choice D is the correct answer, as Washington is emphasizing that he really has very little idea about how he came into this world. Washington is not complaining about his dementia, as in Choice A, and Choice B is flawed in that he is uncertain of his “identity.” Choice C is flawed in that Washington is not critical of his family; rather, he is critical of the system of slavery that led to the instability/absence of his familial relations. 6.   B. The text states that “The Caesar Shift was simplistic by today’s standards, but in an era in which very few could read in the first place, the encryption was effective.” So, because the ability to read (i.e., literacy) was not widespread, this encryption method was effective. There is no indication that the cipher was mathematically complex, making Choice A incorrect. While it had ancient historical roots from centuries before the present day, the author does not indicate that this had a direct influence on its effectiveness, making Choice C incorrect. Finally, Choice D is incorrect because the text implies that even with physical interception, the messages would still be safe because of the lack of literacy. 7.   A. Text 1 makes a broad claim about history tending to repeat itself, and text 2 uses the specific example of fashion history to make this point. It is not B, because the arguments are not opposed to one another. It is not C, because while Text 2 refers to older events, its approach is not necessarily antiquated. It is not D, because Text 2 does not raise an objection. 8.   B. The author mentions that logistics are “interesting” and that the process is “something to behold.” Overall, the author’s tone is therefore warm. She is appreciative and has a “positive” opinion of the concept, as seen in Choice B. The author is not “skeptical:” she does not have doubts about logistics. It is not Choice C, as the author does take an opinion on the matter. “Bellicose” means warlike. Choice D, then, is not a viable option. 9.   C. The narrator discusses the futility of spending time trying to predict the future. Additionally, he discusses how knowing the future would take away one’s enjoyment in the present. Hence, he would advise people to “focus on the moment.” Choice A means to be forgiving, Choice B advocates seeking knowledge, and choice D advocates reciprocal kindness. 10.   B. Analyze the chart for this question. We are comparing the writing scores of those who read for fun “almost daily” with the scores of those who read “never or hardly ever.” The difference in points between these two groups is approximately 30. 11.  B. This quotation most directly illustrates the sorrow at being ignored by other people, since even though the narrator is dying of thirst, no one brings her water. The other options do not effectively show the sorrow at being ignored by other people. 12.   A. The text states that “bacteriostatic antibiotics are often prescribed to patients who have an intact immune system.” If a person’s immune system is intact, it is fair to assume that that person is “relatively healthy,” as described in Choice A. Choices B, C, and D all state that bacteriostatic antibiotics are used on people in various states of poor health, which is not the case. 13.   A. The text reports how Hill’s and Becquerel’s chemistry-based approach toward color photography was not as promising, while reporting that Maxwell was able to make progress by focusing biologically on how the human eye perceives colors. The other options do not accurately describe this transition. 14.   C. The text defines a Great Comet as one that is bright enough to be observed by people on Earth with the naked eye. While the other options may be attributes of a Great Comet, they are not necessary ones. 15.   A. Their shows possession by the occupational therapists, and clients’ shows that the time belongs to the plural “clients”. They’re is the same as “they are,” and there refers to a place. 16.   C. The commas correctly surround the clarification of what Io is. This is known as an “appositive,” which is when an interchangeable name for what comes before is surrounded with commas. For example: “My oldest daughter, the Prime Minster, is well respected.” The other options do not provide sufficient pauses. 17.   C. This is an event that takes place prior to another event in the past, so “had” is needed. Choices A and B are in the past perfect tense, and choice D is in the present tense. 18.   C. A possessive is required that will express the idea of the problems of patients, where patients is plural. Choice A isn’t possessive. Choice D incorrectly uses both “those of” and “problems,” which are illogical when combined. Choice B incorrectly expresses the problems of one patient. Choice C is the best answer. 19.   C. The subject is “foreign objects” which is a plural noun that requires a plural verb. Eliminate Choice A, as “basis that is daily” is an awkward way of saying daily basis. Eliminate Choice D for having a singular verb, “attacks.” Eliminate Choice B, as “that attacking” is inappropriate; “that attack,” as seen in Choice C, is preferable. 20.   B. A boat would be best described as passing “over” the sea, since it would travel along the sea’s surface. One would not pass “to” or “sequence” the sea, making A and D incorrect. And C is too wordy. 21.   D. The mill is singular, and it possesses the grounds. Also, we need to have a clear separation between the two complete sentences, which the semicolon, but not a comma, can provide. Choice A provides no possession, Choice B would be for plural mills, and choice C would cause a comma splice. 22.   D. “Take, for example, . . .” or “take, for instance, . . .” are common English phrases. Moreover, Americans and football function as an example of how sports can “unite us far more than they divide us.” Either of these two thought processes would have led you to the correct answer, Choice D. 23.   A. The underlined sentence directly builds on the claim in the previous sentence by using specific numerical evidence. Thus, it must be “kept, because it provides specific details in support of the previous sentence.” Deleting it sacrifices helpful information. It has nothing to do with “salary details.” 24.   B. Both the Geocentric and Heliocentric models involve “revolving” of astronomical bodies, meaning they both incorporate rotational movement. It is not A, because the notes indicate that the Heliocentric theory became dominant. It is not C, because there is no evidence in the notes to suggest that citizens in ancient Greece widely knew these theories. It is not D, because the nationality of Copernicus is not mentioned in the notes. 25.   A. It really is best to read this sentence along with the previous two sentences. This sentence contrasts with the previous idea of the paragraph that “birth order isn’t a one-size-fits-all theory.” Essentially, this sentence says, That may be true, but it is still useful. The best substitute for but is “nevertheless.” The other three choices fail to provide the contrasting relationship that the sentence requires. 26.   A. The important part of the question stem regards specificity about how much baseball the narrator played. Choice A quantifies the amount of baseball played, which makes it the most specific option. Neither Choice B nor Choice C tells exactly how much baseball the narrator played, which contrasts with the requirement for specificity. Choice D is irrelevant to the question’s requirements. 27.   B. The previous sentence explains that voters in swing states receive far more attention than voters in states that are more uniformly one party. Choice B would therefore connect to the concluding sentence that points out that a majority-vote system would ensure that voters everywhere would have an equal say. Choice A focuses on irrelevant population density, choice C describes the opposite of what is done, and choice D does not provide a logical transition from the previous. Reading  Module 2 Solutions 1.   C. Gamelin politely refuses to sit in the chair that is offered to her, so she is best described as “turning down” the chair. “Repulsing” is too negative, and “decreasing” and “plummeting” generally relate to amounts of things. 2.   D. The idea expressed here is that natural gas gave cooks the ability to “control” or “manipulate” their cooking flames. It is not A, because to “annihilate” is to “destroy” something. It is not B or C, because “satisfy” and “craft” do not mean “control.” 3.   A. The sentence refers to drawing breaths, so “inhale” is the best choice. Breathing is not directly associated with provoking, inferring, or sketching. 4.   C. The text describes Jurgis’s job description. These lines “describe a character’s professional tasks.” We see nothing of personal motivation, as in Choice A. The selection is from over a century ago, making Choice B incorrect. These lines have nothing to do with the objection of the reader, as seen in Choice D. 5.   D. The sentences prior to this indicate that there is not much of a border between the United States and Canada, given how undefended it is. These lines clarify that the two countries are, in fact, very much independent of one another. Choice A would require more information about other countries’ borders to provide such an analysis. Choice B is incorrect because there is no detail provided about the security screening process. And choice C is incorrect because the essay does not support the idea that there has been continued border hostility between the two countries since the War of 1812. 6.   D. The text refers to a process in which words become less and less literal. The evolution of painting from realism to abstraction would be a similar shift away from literal or obvious meaning to a meaning that is implied. Choice A is about gradual decay of human constructions due to time, choice B is about the development of technology, and choice C is about stopping free expression. 7.   C. The text is an excerpt from an official legal document. Its tone is “formal” and business-like, as the matter at hand is of such gravity. It is also “authoritative”: the text is mandating that the international community must follow these new guidelines. Choice A is the opposite of the actual tone, which is formal instead of relaxed. Choice B is flawed in that there is nothing indecisive about the document; it is saying this is how it will be going forward, and that’s the end of the discussion. “Melancholy” implies a sadness that the document lacks, and “spontaneous” makes it sound as if these decisions were made hastily and on the spur of the moment, whereas the reality was probably that these statutes were formulated over intense and lengthy deliberation. Eliminate Choice D accordingly. 8.   A. Text 2 presents evidence showing that an invasive plant, honeysuckle, can have a positive impact on the environment; this goes against the general suggestion about the negative impact of invasive plants from Text 1. It is not Choice B or C, because Text 2 does not suggest a consistent approach to the treatment of invasive plants. It is not Choice D, because the texts do not detail transportation recommendations about invasive plants. 9.   D. In the beginning of the text, Franklin describes being born into poverty and then achieving affluence. He entered the world poor but obtained wealth through his endeavors. This is most consistent with Choice D. Choices B and C imply at least some sort of financial hardship in adulthood, which was not the case. Choice A is flawed in that Franklin was not born wealthy. 10.   A. This is best seen when the author clarifies that “the word is rude, because the thing itself. . . is also considered rude.” In other words, profane words derive much of their power by standing for profane things. It is not B, because there is not conflict between these ideas discussed. And it is not C or D, because profane ideas are encountered frequently by a variety of social classes. 11.  C. The text indicates that some nonnative plants are introduced to new environments through human contact. With an increase in human visitation, the Galapagos Islands will likely experience more accidental introduction of plants. It is not A, because the text does not suggest that an increase in human interaction leads to an overall improvement in conservation efforts. It is not B, because there is no information to support the notion that an increase in tourism will result in enough money to outweigh the negative consequences of increased human activity. And it is not D, because the text does not support the notion that humans will consistently seek to purposefully introduce invasive species to new environments. 12.   A. This option shows “elegance” by stating that Fraktur is “intricate” and has “regality;” it also shows functionalism by mentioning “readability.” It is not B, C, or D, because these choices focus on the timeline of the font’s development. 13.   C. The text indicates that microwaves are different from other food- heating appliances because they do not have an internal heating element. Stating that the microwave generates heat from the molecules in the food would logically complete this text, showing how microwaves can successfully heat food without having an internal heating element. The other options do not focus on the heating of food. 14.   C. The excerpt states that “the specific mathematical details are far too complex for our purposes here,” which most strongly suggests that this text is intended for a general audience, since specific background knowledge is not required. Choices A, B, and D all would necessitate a much more sophisticated explanation to satisfy the intellectual needs of these groups. 15.   B. In the second paragraph, the following interaction occurs: “‘Would you like to hear Mademoiselle Reisz play?’ asked Robert, coming out on the porch where she was. Of course Edna would like to hear Mademoiselle Reisz play; but she feared it would be useless to entreat her.” Edna, then, is “eager, but doubtful that Reisz would oblige” by playing for her, as Choice B indicates. Choices A and C are too extreme, and Choice D conveys emotional neutrality, which is not supported by the text. 16.   A. The first decision is whether it is more appropriate to “speak to” someone or to “speak at” someone. As the first option is more effectively used, eliminate Choices B and D. Evaluate Choices A and C; it is more appropriate to “speak to me” (as the one spoken to is an indirect object) than it is to “speak to I.” Choice A is the correct answer. 17.   B. The subject is “system,” a singular subject requiring a singular verb of “consists.” Eliminate Choice A for using a plural verb. Eliminate Choice C, which uses a gerund, ultimately leading to a sentence fragment. Choice D uses an infinitive verb, and conjugation is required for a full sentence. 18.   D. After the verb “can,” an infinitive verb is required. Eliminate Choices B and C because they are conjugated verbs. “Effect” is rarely used as a verb, but when it is, it means to bring about. “Affect” means to influence. The sentence is much more logical with influence, so “affect” is the correct answer. 19.   B. The independent clause is “Reading also stimulates the imagination.” The sentence best functions by using a colon and then listing the various ways it stimulates the imagination. Choice B does this perfectly. Choice A is a run-on sentence. Choice C incorrectly uses a semicolon; there must be a full sentence on both sides of the semicolon, but there isn’t a full sentence after the semicolon here. Choice D incorrectly attaches a list to the independent clause. 20.   A. The subject and verb must agree. In this case, the subject is “trend,” which is a singular noun that will require a corresponding verb. Eliminate Choices B and D for being plural verbs. Choice C incorrectly uses future perfect tense, whereas present is the desired tense. “There has been a trend” is the best answer. 21.   A. A common linguistic pattern in English is “from (something or somewhere) . . . to (something else or somewhere else).” Unfortunately, there is no rule behind this per se. It is simply one of the many instances where familiarity with the pattern from common practice is a prerequisite. Choice A is the correct answer. 22.   D. “But far from limited to” is a parenthetical phrase; remove it and the sentence still functions effectively. Parenthetical phrases can be surrounded with two commas or two dashes. Choice A is close, but it breaks parallelism by using a dash and then a comma instead of the same punctuation mark twice, as required. 23.   B. Ultimately, if we were to delete the underlined portion, we would be removing information that was both relevant and productive. It provides a “helpful elaboration” in this sentence, and it contributes informative value to the text. Choice B is the correct answer. 24.   A. A contrasting transition is required here. Essentially, the sentence is images are used often in society, but words require more cognitive processing. “Although” is the only option to achieve that contrast. Choices B and C express cause and effect, while Choice D is acceptable when the text is listing multiple things along the same thought process. 25.   C. Armstrong learned on riverboats, while Davis attended Julliard, a music conservatory. Therefore, Davis had a more formal education than did Armstrong. It is not A or B, because these are both similarities. It is not D. because Davis was born later than Armstrong. 26.   A. The following sentence particularly clarifies which choice makes the most sense, since the “former” would be referring to “knowledge and wisdom”—a sensible rationale for changing to robotic exploration, since such exploration would increase our knowledge but wouldn’t give humans bragging rights as the first to land on another planet. Choices B and C only present one option instead of two, and choice D does not give an option that is the focus of the context that follows. 27.   B. The numerical amount of 0.01 times does not initially seem like a very large number, so choice B gives a helpful introductory connection in the current sentence. Choice A would state that this is a larger quantity than it is; Choice C is incorrect because “paucity” means “a lack of,” which would contradict the well-founded scientific observations mentioned; and Choice D would involve scientists ignoring their observations.

About the SAT The SAT is an entrance exam used by most colleges and universities to make admissions decisions. The SAT is a multiple-choice, pencil-and-paper test created and administered by the College Board. The purpose of the SAT is to measure a high school student's readiness for college, and provide colleges with one common data point that can be used to compare all applicants. College admissions officers will review standardized test scores alongside your high school GPA, the classes you took in high school, letters of recommendation from teachers or mentors, extracurricular activities, admissions interviews, and personal essays. How important SAT scores are in the college application process varies from school to school. Overall, the higher you score on the SAT and/or ACT, the more options for attending and paying for college will be available to you. ​ When should I take the SAT? Most high school students take the SAT, the ACT, or both during the spring of their junior year or fall of their senior year. It's important to leave time to re-take the test if you need to raise your score before you apply to college. The SAT exam is offered nationally every year in August, October, November, December, March, May, and June. View all upcoming SAT test dates. ​ What is on the SAT? There are two  SAT sections: Math Evidence-Based Reading and Writing The SAT also includes an optional Essay section. SAT Essay scores are reported separately from overall test scores. Some colleges may require that you complete the SAT Essay. You can confirm each college's admissions policies on the school website or on our  school profiles. ​ How long is the SAT? The SAT is 3 hours long. If you choose to take the SAT with Essay, the test will be 3 hours and 50 minutes. ​ How is the SAT scored? Each section of the SAT is scored on a 200 to 800 point scale. Your total SAT score is the sum of your section scores. The highest possible SAT score is 1600. If you take the Essay, you will receive a separate score. ​ How do I register for the SAT? SAT registration deadlines fall approximately five weeks before each test date. Register online on the College Board website. The  College Board may require SAT registration by mail under special circumstances. What is digital SAT The Digital SAT is an online version of the SAT, a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. The College Board, the organization that administers the SAT, introduced the digital format to modernize the test-taking process and improve the overall experience for students. Here are some key features and aspects of the Digital SAT: Format and Structure: The Digital SAT is taken on a computer, either at a test center or, in some cases, at home. The test still includes sections on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math. The content and question types remain similar to the paper-based SAT, but with some adjustments to suit the digital format. Test Interface: Students use a digital platform to answer questions, with tools like a built-in calculator for the Math section, annotation features, and a timer. The interface is designed to be user-friendly, with easy navigation between questions and sections. Adaptive Testing: The digital version may use a form of adaptive testing, where the difficulty of questions adjusts based on the test-taker's performance. This aims to provide a more precise measurement of a student's abilities. Security and Fairness: The digital format incorporates measures to ensure test security and integrity, including randomizing question order and using remote proctoring for at-home tests. The College Board has implemented protocols to maintain fairness and accessibility for all students. Preparation: Students can prepare for the Digital SAT using online resources provided by the College Board, including practice tests and tutorials on how to navigate the digital platform. Many traditional SAT prep materials remain relevant, although students might also focus on familiarizing themselves with the digital interface. Advantages: Faster score reporting: The digital format allows for quicker processing and reporting of scores. Flexible scheduling: Some testing windows offer more flexibility in scheduling the test. Enhanced test experience: The digital tools and features aim to create a smoother and more efficient test-taking experience. Digital SAT Suite Test Specifications at a Glance Table 1: Format and delivery details for the digital SAT Suite Content Specifications Reading and Writing The Reading and Writing section of the digital SAT Suite assessments is designed to measure students’ attainment of critical college and career readiness in literacy. The section focuses on key elements of comprehension, rhetoric, and language use that the best available evidence identifies as necessary for college readiness and success. In this section, students answer multiple-choice questions requiring them to read, comprehend, and use information and ideas in texts; analyze the craft and structure of texts; revise texts to improve the rhetorical expression of ideas; and edit texts to conform to core conventions of Standard English. Reading and Writing content domains Questions on the Reading and Writing Section represent one of four content domains: § Craft and Structure: Measures the comprehension, vocabulary, analysis, synthesis, and reasoning skills and knowledge needed to understand and use high-utility words and phrases in context, evaluate texts rhetorically, and make connections between topically related texts § Information and Ideas: Measures comprehension, analysis, and reasoning skills and knowledge and the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, and integrate information and ideas from texts and informational graphics (tables, bar graphs, and line graphs) § Standard English Conventions: Measures the ability to edit texts to conform to core conventions of Standard English sentence structure, usage, and punctuation § Expression of Ideas: Measures the ability to revise texts to improve the effectiveness of written expression and to meet specific rhetorical goals Questions from all four domains appear in each Reading and Writing test module, beginning with Craft and Structure questions and then continuing through Information and Ideas, Standard English Conventions, and Expression of Ideas questions. Questions within the Craft and Structure, Information and Ideas, and Expression of Ideas content domains that test similar skills and knowledge are grouped together to reduce the need for context switching and arranged from easiest to hardest. This makes it easier for students to budget their time and allows each test taker the best opportunity to show what they know and can do. Questions in the Standard English Conventions content domain are arranged from easiest to hardest regardless of which specific convention is being tested. Table 2 provides a breakdown of question distribution by content domain. Digital SAT Suite of Assessments Reading and Writing Section Content Domains and Question Distribution Math The Math section of the digital SAT Suite assessments is designed to measure students’ attainment of critical college and career readiness knowledge and skills in math. The digital SAT Suite Math section focuses on key elements of algebra, advanced math, problem­solving and data analysis, and geometry and trigonometry (except for the PSAT 8/9 which does not test trigonometry) that evidence identifies as necessary for college and career readiness and success. Over the course of the Math section, students answer multiple­choice and student-produced response (SPR) questions that measure their fluency with, understanding of, and ability to apply the math concepts, skills, and practices that are most essential for readiness for entry-level postsecondary work. Math content domains Questions on the Math section represent one of four content domains: § Algebra: Measures the ability to analyze, fluently solve, and create linear equations and inequalities as well as analyze and fluently solve equations and systems of equations using multiple techniques § Advanced Math: Measures skills and knowledge central for progression to more advanced math courses, including demonstrating an understanding of absolute value, quadratic, exponential, polynomial, rational, radical, and other nonlinear equations § Problem-Solving and Data Analysis: Measures the ability to apply quantitative reasoning about ratios, rates, and proportional relationships; understand and apply unit rate; and analyze and interpret one- and two-variable data § Geometry and Trigonometry (SAT, PSAT/NMSQT, PSAT 10)/Geometry (PSAT 8/9): Measures the ability to solve problems that focus on area and volume; angles, triangles, and trigonometry; and circles (NOTE: PSAT 8/9 doesn’t include trigonometry questions.) Questions from all four content domains appear in each test module. Across each module, questions are arranged from easiest to hardest, allowing each test taker the best opportunity to demonstrate what they know and can do. Table 3 provides an overview of the question distribution by content domain. This table below shows information for the SAT. Tables for the PSAT-related assessments are broadly similar and can be found in the full Assessment Framework document. Scoring Each of the digital SAT Suite assessments yields three scores: a total score and two section scores. The total score is based on students’ performance on the entire assessment and is the arithmetic sum of the two section scores. Two section scores, one for Reading and Writing and the other for Math, are based on students’ performance on each section. NOTE: Subscores and cross-test scores will no longer be reported for the digital SAT Suite. Digital SAT Suite Total Score and Section Score Scales

Tips from-https://satsuite.collegeboard.org What to Expect on Test Day Before test day, make sure you're familiar with these procedures and rules. Check for Test Center Closings Monitor test center closings in the days leading up to your test and the day of your test to make sure your test center hasn't changed or closed. We also recommend you check the test center's website on the morning of the test. Doors Open at 7:45 a.m. Arrive on time on test day. Be sure to check your admission ticket for your arrival time and the address of your test center. Test centers open at 7:45 a.m. and doors close at 8 a.m. unless otherwise noted on your admission ticket. You can't be admitted once testing has started. If you're late or absent on test day, you'll need to register again and the standard testing fees will apply. Make sure you show up with everything you need. Testing Starts Between 8:15 and 8:45 a.m. Your proctor will begin check-in. Your seat is assigned, not chosen by you. Wait to be seated. Here's what will happen next: You'll log into the center's Wi-Fi and open the Bluebook™ application, which will guide you through instructions. The proctor can answer questions only about procedure, not about test questions or content. The proctor will give you a start code. Once you enter the start code, testing will begin, and Bluebook will keep track of the time you have remaining in each test section. Each student is timed individually so you'll take breaks and complete testing at slightly different times. Each section of the test (Reading and Writing, and Math) has 2 parts called modules, and each module is timed separately. You can move back and forth between questions in a module and review your answers until time expires. Once you've moved on from a module, you cannot go back to it. When the test is over, your answers are submitted automatically. If your submission fails for any reason, don't worry! Your answers will be saved to your device, and you'll have time to resubmit. The Digital Testing Application The digital testing application, Bluebook™, is a custom-built app for the digital SAT that students use to take the digital SAT. Using a custom app makes it easier for us to adapt to changes and respond quickly to user feedback. This app has many features that you'll find useful, including a test preview to help familiarize yourself with key aspects of the app before the test. Visit the Bluebook website to download the app and for installation instructions. During the test, you'll have access to a set of tools: On math questions, you’ll find a reference sheet and a calculator. You can also bring your own calculator. On reading and writing questions, use the annotation tool to highlight text or leave yourself a note. On multiple-choice questions, if you think an answer option is wrong, you can cross it out. You can mark for review any questions you want to come back to later. Zoom in and out using keyboard shortcuts on laptops or by pinching on tablets. If you have a problem during the test, raise your hand to ask the proctor for help or click the Help icon for troubleshooting tips. Breaks Students will have one 10-minute break during the test between test sections. You can take an unscheduled break if you need to, but you'll lose testing time. Leave your device open; don't close your device. Keep your ID with you at all times. It will be checked every time you enter the testing room. If you brought a calculator, it must remain on your desk during breaks. Dismissal You'll likely be done before noon. When the test is over, your answers will be submitted automatically. If your submission fails for any reason, you'll have time after the test to complete your submission—all your work will be saved to your device. After the test, your proctor will collect your scratch paper, return any items of yours, and dismiss you silently because other students in your room may still be testing. Testing Devices You can take the digital SAT on a wide range of devices, including your own laptop (Windows or MacOS), iPad, Windows tablet, or school-managed Chromebook. Bluebook must be downloaded onto your device before test day. Then, 1–5 days before your test, you'll complete a quick exam setup. The application will confirm that your device meets all requirements, then it will download your test and generate your admission ticket. Your device must also be able to connect to Wi-Fi and be fully charged—it will need to stay on for roughly 3 hours. We recommend you bring a power cord or portable charger, but we can't guarantee you’ll have access to an outlet. You can bring an external mouse for your device and an external keyboard if your device is a tablet. All other applications and programs must be closed during test day. You can only test on one device, but if your device fails during testing and you can't continue, you can switch to a second device. Your proctor or tech coordinator will help if you need to switch devices. Prohibited Devices We mention mobile phones and electronics often, and for good reason. Your scores will be canceled if you don't follow the rules around devices. Keep in mind: Test administration staff will collect and hold mobile phones and other prohibited electronic devices or require you to place them in a backpack away from your desk during the test administration, including during break periods. If your prohibited device makes noise, if you’re seen using it, or if you attempt to access it at any time, including breaks, you’ll be dismissed immediately, your scores can be canceled, and the device may be confiscated. College Board isn’t responsible for loss of or damage to personal items, including electronic devices, while you’re in the test center. What to Bring on Digital SAT Test Day There are only a few things you really need to bring on test day and a lot of things you'll be better off leaving at home. Be sure to bring: Your fully charged testing device with the Bluebook™ application installed (see detailed device requirements). Face covering (if required at your test center). Your up-to-date admission ticket. Acceptable photo ID. Pencils or pens for scratch work. An acceptable calculator for use on the Math section of the test (there will be an embedded graphing calculator available to use within Bluebook). Epinephrine auto-injectors (like EpiPens) are permitted without an approved accommodations. They must be placed in a clear bag and stored under the student's desk during testing. For policies on other medications and medical devices, contact Services for Students with Disabilities. Nice to Have A watch without an audible alarm. (The Bluebook application has a built-in timer that tells you exactly how much time you have left, but you might still want to time your break.) A charging cable if your testing device can’t hold a charge for 3 hours. A bag or backpack. A drink or snacks (for your break). A backup testing device. Digital SAT Calculator Policy Students may use their own approved calculator on test day or take advantage of the graphing calculator built directly into the testing application. If you choose to bring your own calculator to use throughout the Math section, there's more to it than making sure you’ve got a fresh set of batteries. Calculator Rules Bring your own calculator. You can’t share with someone else. You may not use a calculator while working on the Reading and Writing section. You must put the calculator away during this section of the test. You'll be dismissed and your scores canceled if you use your calculator to share information during the test, or to remove test questions or answers from the test room. Calculator Tips Don’t bring a brand-new calculator; bring one you know. Practice for the test using the same calculator you’ll use on test day. The Math section includes some questions it's better not to use a calculator for, even though you're allowed to. It may help to do scratch work on the paper that will be provided. Get your thoughts down before using your calculator. Make sure your calculator is in good working order and that batteries are fresh. The test center won't have batteries or extra calculators. If your calculator fails during testing and you have no backup, you’ll have access to the embedded calculator in Bluebook™. Accepted Calculators If you have a calculator with characters that are one inch or higher, or if your calculator has a raised display that might be visible to other test takers, you will be seated at the discretion of the test coordinator. Only battery-operated, handheld equipment can be used for testing. No power cords are allowed for calculators. Calculators permitted during testing include: Most graphing calculators (see chart) All scientific calculators All 4-function calculators (not recommended) Casio FX-6000 seriesFX-6200 seriesFX-6300 seriesFX-6500 seriesFX-7000 seriesFX-7300 seriesFX-7400 seriesFX-7500 seriesFX-7700 seriesFX-7800 seriesFX-8000 seriesFX-8500 seriesFX-8700 seriesFX-8800 seriesGraph25 seriesFX-9700 seriesFX-9750 seriesFX-9860 seriesCFX-9800 seriesCFX-9850 seriesCFX-9950 seriesCFX-9970 seriesFX 1.0 seriesAlgebra FX 2.0 seriesFX-CG-10FX-CG-20 seriesFX-CG-50Graph35 seriesGraph75 seriesGraph95 seriesGraph100 seriesFX-CG-500**** Using the stylus is not permitted. Hewlett-Packard HP-9GHP-28 seriesHP-38GHP-39 seriesHP-40 seriesHP-48 seriesHP-49 seriesHP-50 seriesHP Prime Radio Shack EC-4033EC-4034EC-4037 Sharp EL-5200EL-9200 seriesEL-9300 seriesEL-9600 series**EL-9900 series** Using the stylus is not permitted. Texas Instruments TI-73TI-80TI-81TI-82TI-83TI-83 PlusTI-83 Plus SilverTI-84 PlusTI-84 Plus CETI-84 Plus CE PythonTI-84 Plus SilverTI-84 Plus C SilverTI-84 Plus TTI-84 Plus CE-TTI-84 Plus CE-T Python EditionTI-85TI-86TI-89TI-89 TitaniumTI-NspireTI-Nspire CXTI-Nspire CX IITI-Nspire CX II-TTI-Nspire CM-CTI-Nspire CASTI-Nspire CX CASTI-Nspire CX II CASTI-Nspire CX II-T CASTI-Nspire CM-C CASTI-Nspire CX-C CASTI-Nspire CX II-C CAS Other Datexx DS-883MicrontaNumWorksSmart2 Prohibited Calculators A second laptop, other computer or tablet, applications outside of Bluebook, mobile phones, smartwatches, or wearable technology Models that can access the internet, have wireless, Bluetooth, cellular, audio/video recording and playing, camera, or any other smartphone-type features Models that have a computer-style (QWERTY) keypad, pen input, or stylus Models that use electrical outlets, make noise, or have a paper tape In addition, using hardware peripherals such as a stylus with an approved calculator is not permitted. Some models with touchscreen capability are not permitted (e.g., Casio ClassPad). Digital SAT ID Requirements Your admission ticket isn't enough to get you into the test center. Follow these guidelines so you don't get turned away. You’re responsible for understanding and following these requirements as they appear here. What to Expect Test center staff will compare the information on your admission ticket and your photo ID with the test center roster to confirm your registration and identity. You can’t be admitted to the test center if any of the information doesn’t match. For example, you can’t use a nickname on one item but your full name on another. The staff isn't required to hold your seat or wait to begin testing if you didn’t bring acceptable identification and need to go home and return with ID. ID Checklist ID documents must meet all these requirements: Be a valid (unexpired) photo ID that is government issued or issued by the school you currently attend. School IDs from the prior school year are valid through the end of December of the current calendar year. (For example, school IDs from 2022-23 can be used through December 31, 2023.) Be an original, physical document (not photocopied or electronic). Bear your full, legal name exactly as it appears on your admission ticket, including the order of the names. Bear a recent recognizable photograph that clearly matches both your appearance on test day and the photo you provided when you registered. Be in good condition, with clearly legible English language text and a clearly visible photograph. Acceptable ID Examples Government issued driver's license or non-driver ID card Official school-produced student ID card from the school you currently attend Government issued passport or U.S. Global Entry identification card Government issued military or national identification card SAT Student ID Form: must be prepared by the school you currently attend or a notary, if homeschooled (only accepted in U.S. centers for students under 21 years of age) Unacceptable ID Examples Any document that doesn’t meet the requirements Any document that’s worn, torn, scuffed, scarred, or otherwise damaged Electronic document presented on a device Any document that appears tampered with or digitally altered Any document that bears a statement such as "not valid as identification" Credit or debit card of any kind, even one with a photograph Birth certificate Social Security card Employee ID card Missing Child (ChildFind) ID card Any temporary ID card More About Names If you need to make a change to your name after you register, please contact Customer Service at least 30 days prior to your intended test date by 6 p.m. ET on the Monday before your test date. Middle names and initials are optional on your documents. However, if provided, the middle initial must exactly match the first letter of your middle name on your ID. More About Photos You may not be allowed to enter the test center, let alone take the test, if test center staff can’t sufficiently authenticate your identity from the ID you present. Your score may even be withheld or canceled. Admission to the test center is no guarantee that the ID you provided is valid or that your scores will be reported. All reported or suspected cases of questionable ID or test taker identity are subject to our review and approval before, during, and after the test administration. ID Requirements Apply All Day You should always keep your ID with you while at the test center, including during breaks. You might be required to show your ID multiple times and at various points throughout the test administration. If it's discovered after your test administration that you used a false or invalid identification, your test scores will be canceled and you will forfeit your registration and test fees. Your parents or legal guardians (if you're under 18), your high school, and the colleges and programs you have designated to receive your score reports will be notified and may be told why your scores were canceled. Law enforcement authorities may also be notified when fraud is suspected, and you may be banned from future tests. If you fail to comply with these identification requirements and policies, you may be dismissed from the test center. Your scores may be withheld or canceled. If you're dismissed from the test center prior to completing the test because of invalid or unacceptable ID, or failure to comply with these ID requirements and policies, your test fees won't be refunded. If You're 21 or Older If you’ll be 21 or older on test day, the only acceptable form of identification is an official government issued photo ID, such as a driver’s license or passport, that meets all the previous requirements on this page. Student ID cards aren’t valid forms of identification for test takers who are 21 or older. Testing Outside Your Home Country If you travel to another country to test, you must use a valid passport as your ID. The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport. Testing in Ghana The only acceptable forms of identification are a valid passport with your name, photograph, and signature, or a valid Ghana Card. The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport or Ghana Card. Testing in Nepal and Pakistan The only acceptable form of identification is a valid passport with your name, photograph, and signature. The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport. Testing in Nigeria The only acceptable form of identification is a valid passport with the student’s name, photograph, and signature; or a National e-ID card (acceptable through December 2023). The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport or National e-ID card. Testing in India Acceptable forms of identification are either a valid passport with your name, photograph, and signature, or a valid Aadhaar PVC Card with your name and photograph. Only the letter and PVC Card forms of Aadhaar ID are valid. The letter must be hard copy format as issued by the government of India in its original form (printouts, copies, screen shots, or e-cards are not acceptable). The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport. Testing in Jordan, Korea, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam A valid national ID card from the country where you're testing or a valid passport from any country are the only acceptable forms of ID. The only exception to this policy is a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), which may be used instead of a passport.

What Is an Appositive? An appositive is like a word buddy that hangs out next to another word, usually a noun. It helps by giving more information about that noun or renaming it. For example: "The cat, a fluffy ball of fur, loves to nap." Here, "a fluffy ball of fur" is an appositive. It sits next to "the cat" to tell us more about it. What Does "Appositive" Mean? The word "appositive" means putting a word close to another to describe or rename it. When we use appositives, we often put them between commas, parentheses (round brackets), or dashes. Easy Examples of Appositives Let's look at some simple examples where the appositive is shaded, and the noun it describes is in bold. My friend, a talented artist, painted a beautiful mural. The city, a bustling metropolis, never sleeps. Appositives can also be set off with parentheses or dashes: Tom (my neighbor) has a garden full of flowers. For a decade, prices in the town — a quiet place near the mountains — have been rising. Restrictive and Non-restrictive Appositives Sometimes, an appositive is just extra info, like a bonus. But if removing it leaves you with a question, it's important. The important ones are called restrictive, and the others are non-restrictive. My dog Dexter will chew your shoes if you leave them there. (Important) Dexter, my playful pup, is always happy. (Bonus info) Real-Life Examples of Appositives In real life, writers use appositives to add details or explain things. Here are some examples: "It is the perpetual dread of fear, the fear of fear, that shapes the face of a brave man." - Georges Bernanos "Lou Epstein, the oldest, shortest, and baldest of the three Epstein brothers, barely looked up from the cash register." - Robert Lipsyte Details: types of appositives with explanations and examples: 1. Restrictive Appositives: Explanation: Restrictive appositives are essential to the meaning of the sentence. If you remove them, the sentence becomes unclear. Examples: My friend the doctor will be joining us for dinner. Here, "the doctor" is a restrictive appositive because it specifies which friend is joining. The author John Green is known for his young adult novels. "John Green" is restrictive because it identifies the specific author being discussed. 2. Non-Restrictive Appositives: Explanation: Non-restrictive appositives provide additional information but are not crucial to understanding the main idea of the sentence. Examples: My neighbor, a talented musician, is giving a concert tonight. "A talented musician" is non-restrictive because it adds extra information about the neighbor. The capital of France, Paris, is famous for its art and culture. Here, "Paris" is non-restrictive as it adds more information about the capital without changing the main idea. 3. Appositives with Parenthetical Elements: Explanation: Appositives can be set off with parentheses to provide additional information in a more casual or explanatory tone. Examples: The famous scientist ( Dr. Smith ) discovered a new species. The appositive "Dr. Smith" is enclosed in parentheses, offering additional information about the scientist. We visited the historic castle ( built in the 15th century ) during our vacation. The phrase in parentheses serves as a parenthetical appositive, giving more context about the castle. 4. Appositives with Dashes: Explanation: Dashes can be used to set off appositives, creating a more abrupt or emphatic effect. Examples: My best friend — Samantha — is coming over for dinner. The dashes emphasize the appositive "Samantha," providing a quick interruption to highlight the friend's name. The mountain range — the Himalayas — is home to many endangered species. Here, the dashes enclose the appositive "the Himalayas," adding emphasis to the name of the mountain range. 5. Appositives in Lists: Explanation: Appositives can be used in lists to provide additional details about each item. Examples: I bought fruits like apples, bananas, and oranges — my favorite snacks. "My favorite snacks" serves as an appositive in the list, describing the fruits. The team includes players such as James, Emma, and Daniel — all-star athletes. "All-star athletes" is an appositive that gives more information about the team members. 6. Appositives in Formal Settings: Explanation: In formal writing, appositives may be introduced with a colon for emphasis. Examples: The requirement is simple: a valid identification card. The appositive "a valid identification card" is introduced with a colon to emphasize the requirement. The goal is clear: success and prosperity. Here, the appositive "success and prosperity" is highlighted by the colon. 7. Appositives with Introductory Words: Explanation: Appositives can be introduced by words like "namely," "that is," or "i.e." to provide clarification. Examples: There is one thing on my mind, namely a vacation. The introductory word "namely" signals the appositive "a vacation." We encountered a problem, that is, a technical glitch. "That is" introduces the appositive "a technical glitch." 8. Multiple Appositives in a Sentence: Explanation: A sentence can have multiple appositives, each providing additional information. Examples: The artist Picasso, known for his abstract style, and Van Gogh, famous for his vibrant colors, are featured in the exhibition. This sentence contains two appositives, each giving more information about the respective artists. The team, consisting of Tom, the strategist, and Anna, the analyst, won the competition. Two appositives, "the strategist" and "the analyst," add details about team members. Exercise: The teacher, a passionate educator, always encourages her students to explore new ideas. My friend Susan, a talented artist, created a beautiful mural on the classroom wall. The city of Berlin, known for its rich history, attracts millions of tourists each year. Our neighbor, the one with the friendly dog, is hosting a barbecue this weekend. The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird," a classic in American literature, explores themes of justice and morality. Professor Turner, the author of several academic papers, will be presenting at the conference. We visited the museum — a treasure trove of ancient artifacts — during our school field trip. The director, Ms. Rodriguez, will be overseeing the rehearsals for the school play. Answers: The teacher, a passionate educator, always encourages her students to explore new ideas. (Non-restrictive) My friend Susan, a talented artist, created a beautiful mural on the classroom wall. (Non-restrictive) The city of Berlin, known for its rich history, attracts millions of tourists each year. (Non-restrictive) Our neighbor, the one with the friendly dog, is hosting a barbecue this weekend. (Restrictive) The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird," a classic in American literature, explores themes of justice and morality. (Non-restrictive) Professor Turner, the author of several academic papers, will be presenting at the conference. (Restrictive) We visited the museum — a treasure trove of ancient artifacts — during our school field trip. (Non-restrictive) The director, Ms. Rodriguez, will be overseeing the rehearsals for the school play. (Non-restrictive) Exercise: Identifying and Punctuating Appositives My teacher Mrs. Johnson gave us a challenging assignment. The car a red convertible zoomed past us. My uncle a chef at a famous restaurant will cook dinner for us tonight. The scientist Dr. Marie Curie made groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity. The insect a large cockroach with hairy legs scared everyone in the room. Our dog Max loves to chase squirrels. My favorite book a thrilling mystery by Agatha Christie is on the shelf. The winner she received a trophy. My friend John a talented musician plays the piano beautifully. The artist Pablo Picasso created many famous works. Answers My teacher, Mrs. Johnson, gave us a challenging assignment. (Non-restrictive Appositive) The car, a red convertible, zoomed past us. (Non-restrictive Appositive) My uncle, a chef at a famous restaurant, will cook dinner for us tonight. (Non-restrictive Appositive) The scientist Dr. Marie Curie made groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity. (Restrictive Appositive) The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, scared everyone in the room. (Long Appositive) Our dog, Max, loves to chase squirrels. (Single-word Appositive) My favorite book, a thrilling mystery by Agatha Christie, is on the shelf. (Appositive Phrase) The winner, she, received a trophy. (Appositive with Pronoun) My friend John, a talented musician, plays the piano beautifully. (Non-restrictive Appositive) The artist Pablo Picasso created many famous works. (Restrictive Appositive)

Poem's summary writing Practice for HSC Examination 1. Write a summary of the following poem. Dreams D.H. Lawren All people dream, but not equally. Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their mind, Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity. But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people, For they dream their dreams with open eyes, And make them come true. [JB 22; Bhola Govt. College,2018) 2. Write a summary of the following poem. I have seen Bengal's Face —Jibananda Das Because I have seen Bengal's face I will seek no more; The world has not anything more beautiful to show me. Waking up in darkness, gazing at the fig-tree, I behold Dawn's swallows roosting under huge umbrella-like leaves. I look around me And discover a leafy dome-Jam, Kanthal, Bat, Hijol and Aswatha trees — All in a hush, shadowing clumps of cactus and zedoary bushes. When long, long ago, Chand came in his honeycombed boat To a blue Hijal, Bat and Tarnal shade near the Chainpa, he too sighted Bengal's incomparable beauty. One day, alas. In the Ganguri, On a raft, as the waning moon sank on the river's sandbanks, Behula too saw countless aswaths bats besides golden rice fields And heard the thrush's soft song. One day, arriving in Amara, Where gods held court, when she danced like a desolate wagtail, Bengal's rivers, fields, flowers, wailed like strings of bells on her feet. [(CtgB'l7; Ishwardi Mohila Degree College, Ishwardi, Pabna-2019] 3. Write a summary of the following poem. Dreams —Langston Huges Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow. [Mirpur Cantt. Public School & College,2018] 4. Write a summary of the following poem. Those Winter Sundays Robert Hayden Sundays too my father got up early and put his clothes on in the blueblack cold, then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather made banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him. I'd wake arid hear the cold splintering, breaking. When the rooms were warm, he'd. call, arid slowly I would rise and dress, fearing the chronic angers of that house, Speaking indifferently to him, who had driven out the cold and polished my good shoes as well. What did I know, what did I know of love's austere and lonely offices? 5. Write a summary of the following poem. The Schoolboy William Blake I love to rise in a summer morn, When the birds sing on every tree; The distant huntsman winds his horn, And the skylark sings with me 0 what sweet company! But to go to school in a summer morn,_ 0 it drives all joy away! Under a cruel eye outworn, The little ones spend the day In sighing and dismay. Ali then at times I drooping sit, Arid spend many an anxious hour-, Nor in my book can I take delight, Nor sit in learning's bower, Worn through with the dreary shower. 6. Write a summary of the following poem. The Schoolboy William Blake How can the bird that is born for joy Sit in a cage and sing? How can a child, when fears annoy, But droop his tender wing, Arid forget his youthful spring! 0 father arid mother if buds are nipped, Arid blossoms blown away; And if the tender plants are stripped -Of their joy in the springing day, By sorrow and care's dismay, How shall the summer arise in joy. Or the summer fruits appear? Or how shall we gather what griefs destroy, Or bless the mellowing year, When the blasts of winter appear? 7. Write a summary of the following poem. Alone Maya Angelou Lying, thinking Last. night How to find my soul a home Where water is not thirsty And bread loaf is not stone I came up with one thing And I don't believe I'm wrong That nobody. But nobody Can make it out here alone. Alone, all alone Nobody, but nobody Can make it out here alone. There are some millionaires With money they can't use Their -wives run round like banshees Their children sing the blues They've got expensive doctors To cure their hearts of stone. But nobody No, nobody Can make it out here alone. Alone, all alone Nobody, but nobody Can make it out here alone. Now if you listen. closely I'll tell you what I know Storm clouds are gathering The wind is gonna blow The race of man is suffering And I can hear the moan, 'Cause nobody, But nobody Can make it out here alone. Alone, all alone Nobody, but nobody Can make it out here alone. 8. Write a summary of the following poem. September 1,1939 W.H. Auden I sit on one of the dives On Fifty-second Street Uncertain and afraid As the clever hopes expire. Of a low dishonest decade: Waves of anger'and fear Circulate over the bright And darkened lands of the earth, Obsessing our private lives-, The unmentionable odour of death Offends the September night. 9. Write a summary of the following poem. The Lake Isle of Innisfree W.B. Yeats I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made; Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee And live alone in the bee loud glade. And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings-, There midnight's all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow, And evening full of the linnet's wings I will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey, I hear it in the deep heart's core. 10. Write a summary of the following poem. A Minor Bird Robert Frost I have wished a bird would fly away, And not sing by my house all day; Have clapped my hands at him from the door When it seemed as if I could bear no more. The fault must partly have been in me. The bird was not to blame for his key. And of course there must be something wrong In wanting to silence any song. 11. Write a summary of the following poem. Because I could not stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death He kindly stopped for me The Carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality.... We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess - in the Ring We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain - We passed the Setting Sun – 12. Write a summary of the following poem. My Heart Leaps Up When Behold My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky: So was it when my life began: So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old, Or let me die! The. Child is father of the Man; .And I could wish my days to be Bound each to each by natural piety. 13. Write a summary of the following poem. To the Moon Art thou pale for weariness Of climbing heaven and Razing on the earth, Qrr¬Wandering companionless Among the stars that have a different birth 14. Write a summary of the following poem. Ah Sun-ftc Ah Sun-flower! weary of time, Who countest the steps of the ' Sun: Seeking after that sweet golden clime Where the traveller's journey is done: 14. Write a summary of the following poem. The Tyger William Blake Tyger, Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night: What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand, dare sieze the fire? And what shoulder what art, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? and what. dread feet? What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy braini, What the anvil? what dread grasp, Dare its deadly terrors clasp! When the stars threw down their spears And water'd heaven with their tears he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Tyger, Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night: What immortal hand or eye, Dare frame thy fearful symmetry? 15. Write a summary of the following poem. She Walks in Beauty Lord Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that's best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes : Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 16. Write a summary of the following poem. She Walks in Beauty Lord Byron One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tree, Or softly lightens o'er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express, How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. 17. Write a summary of the following poem. She Walks in Beauty Lord Byron And on that cheek, and o'er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent 19. Write a summary of the. following poem. I Died for Beauty I died for beauty, but was scarce Adjusted in the tomb, When one who died for truth was lain In an adjoining room. He questioned softly why I failed? 'For beauty,' I replied. 'And I for truth— the two are one; We brethren are,' he said. And so, as kinsmen met a-night, We talked between the rooms, Until the moss had reached our lips, And covered up our names. Answers: Lower intermediate In this poem, the poet reflects on the nature of dreams. He notes that everyone dreams, but not in the same way. He distinguishes between two types of dreams: those that occur subconsciously at night, which he considers vain and meaningless, and those that occur consciously during the day, which are serious and pursued by determined people who strive to make them come true at any cost. The poet, who deeply loves nature, does not feel the need to see the rest of the world because he finds everything he desires in his beloved Bengal. In Bengal, he has experienced the heart of nature and encountered mythological characters like Champa, Behula, and Chand Saudagor, as well as legendary places like Ganguri and Amara. Bengal is rich in natural beauty and wildlife, which he views as heavenly gifts. This poem emphasizes the importance of holding onto dreams. The poet advises that if dreams are lost, life becomes inactive and meaningless. He compares a life without dreams to a barren field covered in snow, where nothing can grow or be gained. Thus, dreams are essential for a fulfilling life. The poem illustrates a father’s love for his child during difficult times. Despite his own hardships, the father wakes up early, warms the room, and tends to his son. The son, however, often responds with ungrateful indifference, failing to recognize that true love is often expressed through actions rather than words. Childhood is a time for innocent mischief and joy. Children do not want to leave the delights of nature, such as birds' songs and the huntsman's horn, for the dreary schoolroom during summer mornings. They find school joyless and oppressive and would rather learn from nature, which is full of life and excitement. A child is like a joyful bird that resists being caged. He wants to be free like wildlife on a spring morning. The child seeks to escape the dullness of school and experience nature, gaining strength and courage for the future. He pleads with his parents not to crush his dreams during this vibrant season of his life. The poem stresses the importance of human connection. The speaker, feeling isolated, believes that people need community to live meaningful lives. She argues that money cannot buy happiness, and even the wealthy can feel lonely. Therefore, she urges people to prioritize making friends and working together to solve problems, warning that isolation will lead to more suffering. The poet, who cherishes peace and despises war, is tormented by the news of impending conflict. He dreams of a world gripped by fear, anger, and uncertainty as war approaches, reflecting his deep distress over the outbreak of war in September 1939. The poet yearns for love and peace and seeks to escape societal conflict. He dreams of living on a serene island where he can enjoy a peaceful, carefree life. He criticizes city life for its selfishness and conflict and praises the tranquility and beauty of a solitary, natural setting. The poem explores the difficulty modern urban people have in appreciating nature. The speaker is annoyed by a bird’s song and drives it away. Later, he realizes that his inability to enjoy nature reflects a deeper problem within himself, highlighting his disconnection from the natural world. The poem describes a journey to the afterlife. The poet narrates how she was taken on a ride by Death in his carriage, accompanied by Immortality. They pass a school, fields, and the setting sun, symbolizing the stages of life. This journey leads her to the eternal afterlife. The poem expresses the poet’s deep love for nature. He delights in seeing rainbows and wishes to continue enjoying them in the future, just as he did in his childhood. He believes that the future naturally follows from the present and hopes to spend his life in love and worship of nature. The poem depicts the eternal loneliness of the moon. Its endless journey makes it pale and weary. Despite being surrounded by stars, which are different from it, the moon remains alone, emphasizing its isolation. The poem symbolizes human existence and the longing for a better life. The sunflower follows the sun, seeking a place where travelers find peace after their journey, tired of its stagnant existence. The poet marvels at God’s creation, questioning whether the same creator made both the fierce tiger and the gentle lamb. He ponders the diversity of species and the qualities that distinguish them, reflecting on the wonders of creation. Women’s beauty is likened to a cloudless night with starry skies. This beauty, both inner and outer, is unparalleled and surpasses that of any day, as it is seen as a divine gift. The poem describes the perfect and delicate balance of beauty in women and nature. Even a slight change can disrupt this harmony. Women’s beautiful thoughts are portrayed as a gift of nature, contributing to their overall beauty. Women possess various forms of beauty, both inner and outer. With calm cheeks and brows, sweet smiles, glowing complexions, peaceful minds, and innocent hearts, they are the epitome of beauty. Beauty and truth are presented as eternal companions. One died for beauty, and the other for truth, and they were buried side by side. This symbolizes that beauty and truth are everlasting and interconnected, and their glorification will never end. Answers: Upper intermediate In this poem, the poet delves into the nature and significance of dreams. He observes that while everyone dreams, not all dreams are the same. He distinguishes between two types of dreams: those experienced subconsciously at night and those envisioned consciously during the day. Nighttime dreams, which arise from the depths of the subconscious mind, are often filled with vanity and hold little real significance. In contrast, daytime dreams, born from conscious thought, are serious and pursued passionately by individuals who are determined to achieve them, often at great personal cost. The poet, a devoted lover of nature, feels no need to explore the world beyond his beloved Bengal, as he finds everything he desires within it. In Bengal, he has experienced the essence of nature and encountered mythological figures such as Champa, Behula, and Chand Saudagor, along with legendary places like Ganguri and Amara. Bengal is a treasure trove of natural beauty and diverse wildlife, which he views as heavenly gifts. The poet's deep connection to Bengal's landscapes and stories fulfills his longing for natural and cultural richness. This poem emphasizes the vital importance of holding onto one's dreams. The poet advises that losing dreams renders life inactive and meaningless. He uses vivid imagery to convey this message, comparing a life without dreams to a barren field covered in snow, where nothing can grow or be harvested. Dreams, according to the poet, are essential for vitality and purpose, and without them, life becomes desolate and unproductive, like a fruitless tree or an infertile field. The poem illustrates the profound love and dedication of a father for his child, even during the most challenging times. Despite his own physical pain and exhaustion from overwork, the father rises early, warms the room, and ensures his child's comfort. The child's response, however, is marked by ungrateful indifference, as he fails to recognize that true love often manifests through actions rather than words. The poem highlights the father's silent sacrifices and the child's lack of awareness and appreciation. Childhood is depicted as a time of innocent joy and playful mischief. Children, during this period, do not want to leave the enchanting sounds of birds' songs, the huntsman's horn, and the companionship of skylarks for the dreary confines of a schoolroom on summer mornings. To them, school is a place of sighs, drooping spirits, dismay, and anxiety. They prefer the vibrant, life-affirming lessons of nature to the joyless and rigid teachings of the classroom, especially during the liberating summer season. A child is likened to a joyful bird that resists being caged and drooping like fragile objects of nature. He longs to be wild and free, like wildlife on a spring morning. Released from the drudgery of school, the child wishes to immerse himself in nature, gathering strength and courage to face future challenges. He pleads with his parents not to crush his dreams in their budding stage, during the vibrant springtime of his life. The child’s desire is to experience the fullness of nature's beauty and learn from it. The poem underscores the necessity of human connection and community. The speaker, feeling isolated, asserts that people need each other to lead meaningful lives. She emphasizes that money cannot buy happiness, and even the wealthy can suffer from loneliness. The speaker urges people to prioritize friendships and communal bonds over material wealth. She warns that if people do not come together to address their collective problems, they will continue to face isolation and suffering. The poem calls for unity and mutual support as the foundation for a fulfilling life. The poet, a fervent advocate for peace, is deeply troubled by the prospect of war. The news of imminent conflict fills his soul with torment, fear, and anger. He dreams of a world overwhelmed by these emotions before the outbreak of war on September 1, 1939. The poem captures his anguish and despair at the thought of a world consumed by violence and the impact it has on the human spirit. The poet longs for love and peace, seeking to escape the conflicts and tensions of society. He dreams of retreating to a tranquil island where he can enjoy a serene and carefree life, free from the strife and selfishness of city life. He glorifies the peacefulness and natural beauty of a solitary place while condemning the conflicts and disadvantages of urban living. The poet's vision is of a life in harmony with nature, where he can find solace and contentment away from societal discord. The poem explores the disconnect modern urban people feel from nature. The speaker is initially annoyed by the song of a minor bird and drives it away, only to later reflect on his inability to appreciate the beauty of nature. He recognizes that this annoyance reveals a deeper incompetency within himself—a failure to value the natural world. The poem highlights the modern struggle to connect with and enjoy nature amidst the distractions and pressures of urban life. The poem describes a journey to the afterlife, where the poet recounts being taken on a ride by Death in his carriage, accompanied by Immortality. As they travel, they pass by a school, fields, and the setting sun, symbolizing the different stages of life. This journey culminates in the afterlife, which is portrayed as eternal and unending. The poem uses this metaphorical journey to reflect on the nature of life and the transition to immortality. The poem expresses the poet’s deep and enduring love for nature. He delights in the sight of rainbows and wishes to continue enjoying them in the future, just as he did in his childhood. He feels that if he cannot experience this joy, life would lose its meaning. The poet believes that the future is a natural continuation of the past and present, and he hopes to spend his life in love and worship of nature, finding fulfillment in its beauty. The poem depicts the eternal loneliness of the moon. Despite its journey through the night sky, the moon becomes pale and weary from its endless travel. Even in the company of stars, which are different in nature and origin, the moon remains solitary. This loneliness highlights the moon's unique existence and its perpetual state of isolation, despite being surrounded by celestial bodies. The poem symbolizes the human condition and the longing for a better existence. The sunflower, following the sun across the sky, represents a desire for a place where travelers find peace after their journey. It is weary of its stagnant existence and seeks a goal where it can rest and find fulfillment. The sunflower's journey reflects the human quest for meaning and a better life. The poet marvels at the diversity of God's creations, wondering at the sight of a tiger at night. He questions whether the same creator could have made both the fierce tiger and the gentle lamb. This contemplation leads him to ponder the source of such contrasting qualities and the complexity of creation. The poem reflects on the wonder and mystery of how different species are made by the same creator. Women’s beauty is compared to a cloudless night with starry skies. This beauty, both inner and outer, is seen as unparalleled and surpasses that of any day. The poet believes that God has endowed women with a unique and divine beauty that is both striking and serene, combining the tranquility of the night with the brilliance of the stars. The poem describes the perfect and delicate balance of beauty found in women and nature. Even a slight adjustment can disrupt this harmony, underscoring the fragility of such beauty. The poet views women’s beautiful thoughts as a natural gift, contributing to their overall grace and charm. This balance between inner and outer beauty creates an ideal form of aesthetic perfection. Women possess a range of beauties, both inner and outer. The poet highlights their calm cheeks and brows, sweet smiles, glowing complexions, peaceful minds, and innocent hearts. These qualities make women the epitome of beauty, embodying both physical and spiritual grace. The poem celebrates the multifaceted nature of women’s beauty, recognizing it as a harmonious blend of inner and outer attributes. Beauty and truth are portrayed as eternal companions in the poem. One character dies for beauty, while the other dies for truth, and they are buried side by side. This symbolizes the inseparable nature of beauty and truth, suggesting that they are united in life and death. The poem conveys the idea that the glorification of beauty and truth will never end, as these elements are enduring and timeless.