Paragraph Writing Campus Violence Education in our country is passing through a stage of crisis. Along with political unrest in the country, campus violence has become almost a daily affair. It appears that the students are there in our colleges and universities only to be engaged in violence throwing their main duty of learning something to dust. The impact of such violence is too many to be described. It may simply be said that Bangladesh is already educationally backward. The teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The students are growing to be more concerned about politics endless about their studies. They are gradually forming the habit of intolerance. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. The innocent students and guardians are becoming the worst sufferers. Campus violence not only ruins the academic environment but also spoils the life of the students and takes away many valuable lives. They have become puppets in the hands of the so called narrow minded politicians. The self centered narrow minded politicians exploit the innocent students and encourage them terrorism by supplying them with weapons. As campus violence is a demon and no one like to see it again, the government is also keen to make campuses violence free and making student activism a process of leadership building for future, people concerned want to see immediate steps from the government and elder politicians in this regards. Model Answer-2 The Curse of Campus Violence ​ Campus violence is one of the most inhuman and brutal acts in our free land. It is a great social curse. Campus violence refers to clashes between two rival groups of the students in the campus of an educational institution. Today campus violence is very a common scene in colleges and universities in Bangladesh. It is a great wonder that a great number of colleges and the universities have turned into the ground of clashes, violence and terrorism. In fact, an educational institution is a sacred place 41-f) to the learners for gaining education as well as knowledge. Parents send their children there to acquire and receive true and better education to make their life fruitful and successful. But this holy place often turns into the sea of blood of the innocent brilliant students. Many innocent learners take arms and weapons in their hands in place of education under the misguidance of some brutal political leaders or the terrorists or the traitors. Ignorance and illiteracy is also mainly liable for campus violence in Bangladesh. It is great obstacle t­o true and standard education. This brutal ,practice paralyze and averts our social and national development plans and programmes drastically. If violence continues , our all hopes and aspirations will turn into astray. Campus violence must be wiped out at any cost with a view to saving our young society. Public awareness must be raised. In order to wipe out this brutal act, both the teachers and the guardians must be more conscious and watchful of the students. The students should be taught the value of good moral character and patriotism. Model Answer-3 Campus Violence Campus violence is a significant socio-political issue in Bangladesh, leading to injuries, fatalities, and disruptions in educational institutions. Although prevalent in colleges, it is particularly pervasive in universities. Typically, student organizations are involved in perpetrating campus violence, often driven by peer pressure. The root causes of campus violence vary but commonly include peer influence, mental health issues, familial problems, and feelings of revenge or jealousy. Acts of violence range from physical and sexual assault to harassment and abuse, with long-lasting impacts on victims' lives. Tragically, instances of harassment can drive individuals to suicide, underscoring the severity of the problem. The prevalence of campus violence creates an environment of fear and insecurity among students, impeding academic pursuits and leading to session delays and disruptions in educational institutions. To address this issue, urgent action is needed from the government. Efforts should focus on implementing measures to prevent and mitigate campus violence, including strict enforcement of laws and regulations, enhanced security measures on campuses, and educational programs aimed at promoting a culture of non-violence and respect. Additionally, mental health support services should be made readily available to students to address underlying issues contributing to violent behavior. Ensuring the safety and well-being of students on campus is essential for fostering a conducive learning environment and promoting academic success. By taking proactive steps to address campus violence, the government can create safer educational institutions where students can thrive and fulfill their potential. Bangla Translation: ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতা ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতা বাংলাদেশে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সামাজিক ও রাজনৈতিক সমস্যা, যা শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোতে আঘাত, প্রাণহানি এবং ব্যাঘাত সৃষ্টি করে। এটি কলেজগুলোতে দেখা গেলেও বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়গুলোতে এটি বিশেষভাবে প্রবল। সাধারণত ছাত্র সংগঠনগুলো ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতার সঙ্গে জড়িত থাকে, যা প্রায়শই সহপাঠীদের চাপের মাধ্যমে সংঘটিত হয়। ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতার মূল কারণ বিভিন্ন হতে পারে, তবে সাধারণত এতে সহপাঠীদের প্রভাব, মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য সমস্যা, পারিবারিক সমস্যা এবং প্রতিশোধ বা ঈর্ষার অনুভূতি অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকে। সহিংসতার কর্মকাণ্ড শারীরিক এবং যৌন নির্যাতন থেকে শুরু করে হয়রানি এবং অপব্যবহার পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত, যা ভুক্তভোগীদের জীবনে দীর্ঘস্থায়ী প্রভাব ফেলে। দুঃখজনকভাবে, হয়রানির ঘটনাগুলি অনেক সময় ভুক্তভোগীদের আত্মহত্যার দিকে ঠেলে দেয়, যা সমস্যাটির গুরুতরতা নির্দেশ করে। ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতার প্রাদুর্ভাব শিক্ষার্থীদের মধ্যে ভয় এবং নিরাপত্তাহীনতার পরিবেশ তৈরি করে, যা একাডেমিক কাজকে বাধাগ্রস্ত করে এবং শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোতে সেশনের বিলম্ব ও ব্যাঘাত সৃষ্টি করে। এই সমস্যার সমাধানে সরকারকে জরুরি পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করতে হবে। ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতা প্রতিরোধ এবং প্রশমনের জন্য কঠোর আইন এবং বিধিমালা প্রয়োগ, ক্যাম্পাসে উন্নত নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা এবং অহিংসা ও শ্রদ্ধার সংস্কৃতি প্রচারের লক্ষ্যে শিক্ষা কার্যক্রম বাস্তবায়নের ওপর জোর দেওয়া উচিত। পাশাপাশি, সহিংস আচরণের পেছনের কারণগুলো মোকাবিলা করতে শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য সহায়তা সেবা সহজলভ্য করা প্রয়োজন। ক্যাম্পাসে শিক্ষার্থীদের নিরাপত্তা এবং সুস্থতা নিশ্চিত করা একটি অনুকূল শিক্ষার পরিবেশ গড়ে তোলার জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, যা একাডেমিক সাফল্যকে উন্নীত করবে। ক্যাম্পাস সহিংসতা মোকাবিলায় সক্রিয় পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণের মাধ্যমে সরকার এমন একটি নিরাপদ শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান গড়ে তুলতে পারে যেখানে শিক্ষার্থীরা তাদের সম্ভাবনা বিকশিত করতে পারে এবং সাফল্য অর্জন করতে পারে। Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing   Brain Drain Brain drain occurs when highly skilled and educated individuals migrate from one country to another in search of better opportunities, higher incomes, and improved living standards. This movement is often seen in professions like medicine, engineering, and science, where individuals leave developing countries for more prosperous destinations.The consequences of brain drain can be detrimental to the country of origin, impacting its economic and social development. When skilled professionals leave, they take their expertise with them, resulting in a shortage of qualified workers in critical sectors like healthcare, education, and technology. This shortage can lead to a decline in service quality, reduced productivity, and slower economic growth.The education system of the country of origin can also suffer from brain drain. As skilled professionals migrate, they may fill teaching positions in developed countries, leaving a shortage of qualified educators and reducing the educational quality back home. Brain drain has social implications as well, particularly when young, highly educated individuals emigrate. This can create a demographic imbalance, with a disproportionately aging population and a scarcity of young, skilled workers to support the economy and social welfare systems. It's important to note that brain drain can have positive effects on both the country of origin and the destination country. Migrants may gain new skills while abroad and bring them back home. Additionally, remittances sent by migrants can provide economic support to their families and communities. Brain drain is a multifaceted issue with both positive and negative impacts. While it offers opportunities for individuals to enhance their living standards, it can have significant negative effects on the country of origin's economic and social development. Governments can address this issue by implementing policies to retain skilled professionals, investing in education and training, and improving working and living conditions to encourage professionals to stay in their home countries. Brain Drain Brain drain is when smart and skilled people leave their own countries to find better opportunities in other places. This is a big problem for developing countries or poorer nations. The word "brain" means smartness, skills, and knowledge, while "drain" shows the loss of these talents from their home countries. Usually, professionals like doctors, engineers, teachers, and skilled workers from poorer countries look for better-paying jobs and a better quality of life in richer countries. There are a few reasons for brain drain. Firstly, life can be hard and earnings low in developing countries, which makes people worry about their future. So, they try to find better opportunities abroad. Secondly, many skilled people struggle to find good jobs at home because there aren't enough or the country can't use their skills properly. Lastly, some governments in poorer countries don't support their talented people, so they leave for better chances elsewhere. When educated and skilled people leave their country, it makes it harder for the country to grow and develop. Also, countries spend a lot of money on educating these people, but they can't benefit if they leave. To fix brain drain, governments need to make their countries more attractive by offering good jobs and salaries to keep talented people from leaving.   Model Answer-2   Brain drain Brain drain happens when smart and skilled people leave their own countries to find better jobs somewhere else. It is a big problem for many places because it means they lose out on smart and knowledgeable people who could help make their economies grow. There are different reasons why brain drain happens. Sometimes it is because the home country is not stable politically or economically, or there aren't enough good jobs there. Other times, people leave because they can get paid more or have better working conditions in another country. When brain drain happens, it causes serious problems for the countries left behind. There might not be enough skilled workers, which makes it hard for the economy to grow. It can also mean more people don't have jobs because the skilled workers who left are replaced by less skilled ones. Moreover, brain drain means there are fewer smart and creative people around to come up with new ideas in the home country. This makes it harder for the country to compete with others on the world stage. To stop brain drain, governments need to make their countries more attractive for talented people. They can do this by making good jobs and paying good salaries. They should also invest in education and training so that people have the skills they need to succeed. Lastly, governments should work with other countries to make sure talented people who move abroad are treated fairly and not taken advantage of. This way, everyone can benefit from smart and skilled people no matter where they are. Model Answer-3  Brain drain Brain drain refers to the migration of highly skilled, educated, and talented individuals from their home countries to foreign nations in search of better opportunities. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge for developing countries or third world nations. The term "brain" symbolizes the intellectual capacity, expertise, and merit possessed by these individuals, while "drain" illustrates the outflow of talent from their home countries. Typically, professionals such as doctors, engineers, teachers, and skilled workers from underdeveloped nations seek improved living standards, higher salaries, and more promising career prospects in developed countries. Several factors contribute to brain drain. Firstly, the lower standard of living and limited earning potential in developing countries compel individuals to seek better economic prospects abroad, leading to a sense of insecurity about their future in their home country. Secondly, many skilled individuals encounter challenges in finding suitable employment opportunities domestically due to a lack of job availability or the inability of their home country to fully utilize their expertise. Lastly, the absence of adequate support from the government in underdeveloped or developing nations often drives talented individuals to pursue opportunities elsewhere for personal advancement. The departure of educated and trained professionals from their home country has adverse effects on national development efforts, resulting in a slowdown in progress. Moreover, countries invest significant resources in the education and training of these individuals, only to lose their contributions when they migrate abroad. To mitigate brain drain, governments must prioritize the creation of conducive environments that offer competitive job opportunities and attractive salaries to retain skilled individuals, thereby fostering sustainable national development. মেধা পাচার মেধা পাচার বলতে উচ্চশিক্ষিত, দক্ষ এবং প্রতিভাবান ব্যক্তিদের নিজেদের দেশ থেকে বিদেশে উন্নত সুযোগ-সুবিধার সন্ধানে চলে যাওয়াকে বোঝায়। এই প্রবণতা উন্নয়নশীল বা তৃতীয় বিশ্বের দেশগুলোর জন্য একটি বড় চ্যালেঞ্জ সৃষ্টি করে। "মেধা" শব্দটি এই ব্যক্তিদের বুদ্ধিমত্তা, দক্ষতা এবং যোগ্যতার প্রতীক, আর "পাচার" শব্দটি তাদের নিজেদের দেশ থেকে প্রতিভার বেরিয়ে যাওয়া বোঝায়। সাধারণত, ডাক্তার, প্রকৌশলী, শিক্ষক এবং দক্ষ কর্মীরা উন্নত দেশগুলিতে ভালো জীবনমান, উচ্চ বেতন এবং উজ্জ্বল কর্মজীবনের সুযোগ খোঁজেন। মেধা পাচারের পেছনে কয়েকটি কারণ রয়েছে। প্রথমত, উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলিতে নিম্নমানের জীবনযাপন এবং সীমিত আয়ের সুযোগ অনেককে বিদেশে অর্থনৈতিক উন্নতির জন্য প্রলুব্ধ করে, যা তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে অনিশ্চয়তা সৃষ্টি করে। দ্বিতীয়ত, অনেক দক্ষ ব্যক্তি দেশে উপযুক্ত কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগের অভাবে সমস্যায় পড়েন, কারণ দেশে প্রয়োজনীয় চাকরির অভাব থাকে বা তাদের দক্ষতাকে পুরোপুরি কাজে লাগানোর সুযোগ থাকে না। তৃতীয়ত, অনুন্নত বা উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলিতে সরকারের পর্যাপ্ত সহায়তার অভাব অনেক মেধাবী ব্যক্তিকে ব্যক্তিগত উন্নতির জন্য বিদেশে সুযোগ খুঁজতে বাধ্য করে। উচ্চশিক্ষিত এবং প্রশিক্ষিত পেশাজীবীদের দেশত্যাগ জাতীয় উন্নয়ন প্রচেষ্টায় নেতিবাচক প্রভাব ফেলে এবং অগ্রগতির গতি ধীর করে। তাছাড়া, এই ব্যক্তিদের শিক্ষা ও প্রশিক্ষণে দেশ প্রচুর সম্পদ ব্যয় করে, কিন্তু তারা বিদেশে চলে গেলে তাদের অবদান হারিয়ে যায়। মেধা পাচার রোধে সরকারকে প্রতিযোগিতামূলক চাকরির সুযোগ এবং আকর্ষণীয় বেতনের ব্যবস্থা করতে হবে, যাতে দক্ষ ব্যক্তিরা দেশে থেকে যায় এবং টেকসই জাতীয় উন্নয়নে ভূমিকা রাখতে পারে। Composition / Essay Writing Brain drain Brain drain is a term that describes the phenomenon of highly qualified professionals and talented individuals leaving their home country to seek opportunities abroad. In our country, this issue has become increasingly prevalent. One of the primary reasons for brain drain is the limited scope for higher education and career advancement domestically. Many exceptionally gifted students find themselves lacking adequate opportunities to utilize their talents within our borders, leading them to pursue better prospects overseas. Consequently, they migrate to foreign countries in search of superior educational opportunities. Typically, highly ambitious students with exceptional academic records or sufficient financial support are the ones who opt for higher education abroad. Upon completing their studies, they often secure lucrative job offers and choose to settle permanently in their adopted countries, without considering returning home. The ramifications of brain drain are detrimental to the socio-economic development of our nation. We lose out on the valuable contributions of many talented individuals, depriving our country of their expertise and skills. To address this issue, urgent measures need to be taken. One solution is to establish world-class universities and educational institutions within our country, providing opportunities for advanced learning and research. Additionally, the government must implement initiatives to create a conducive environment for professional growth and development, thus retaining talent within the country. By offering better prospects and incentives, we can encourage highly skilled individuals to remain in their homeland and contribute to its progress. In conclusion, brain drain poses a significant challenge to our country's development by causing the loss of valuable human capital. To mitigate this issue, it is imperative for authorities to invest in education, create opportunities for career advancement, and implement policies that foster talent retention within our borders. Only through concerted efforts can we stem the tide of brain drain and harness the potential of our brightest minds for the benefit of our nation's future. মেধা পাচার মেধা পাচার এমন একটি ঘটনা যা যোগ্যতাসম্পন্ন পেশাদার এবং প্রতিভাবান ব্যক্তিদের নিজ দেশ ছেড়ে বিদেশে সুযোগের সন্ধানে চলে যাওয়া বোঝায়। আমাদের দেশে এই সমস্যা ক্রমেই বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে। মেধা পাচারের প্রধান কারণগুলোর একটি হলো দেশের মধ্যে উচ্চশিক্ষা এবং কর্মজীবনে উন্নতির সুযোগের সীমাবদ্ধতা। অনেক মেধাবী শিক্ষার্থী তাদের প্রতিভা কাজে লাগানোর যথাযথ সুযোগের অভাবে বিদেশে উন্নত সম্ভাবনার সন্ধানে পাড়ি জমান। এর ফলে তারা উচ্চমানের শিক্ষার জন্য বিদেশে চলে যান। সাধারণত, অত্যন্ত উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষী এবং ভালো একাডেমিক রেকর্ডের অধিকারী শিক্ষার্থীরা বা যারা পর্যাপ্ত আর্থিক সহায়তা পান, তারাই বিদেশে উচ্চশিক্ষার জন্য যান। তাদের পড়াশোনা শেষ করার পর, তারা প্রায়ই আকর্ষণীয় চাকরির প্রস্তাব পান এবং স্থায়ীভাবে সেই দেশে থেকে যাওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন, দেশে ফেরার কথা চিন্তা না করেই। মেধা পাচারের পরিণাম আমাদের দেশের আর্থ-সামাজিক উন্নয়নের জন্য ক্ষতিকর। আমরা অনেক প্রতিভাবান ব্যক্তির মূল্যবান অবদান হারাই, যা আমাদের দেশকে তাদের দক্ষতা ও জ্ঞানের সুবিধা থেকে বঞ্চিত করে। এই সমস্যার সমাধানে দ্রুত পদক্ষেপ নেওয়া জরুরি। একটি সমাধান হলো দেশে বিশ্বমানের বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এবং শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান প্রতিষ্ঠা করা, যা উন্নত শিক্ষা এবং গবেষণার সুযোগ প্রদান করবে। এছাড়াও, সরকারকে পেশাগত উন্নতির জন্য অনুকূল পরিবেশ তৈরি করতে হবে এবং দেশে প্রতিভা ধরে রাখার জন্য কার্যকরী পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে। উন্নত সুযোগ এবং প্রণোদনা প্রদানের মাধ্যমে, আমরা দক্ষ ব্যক্তিদের দেশে থাকতে এবং দেশের উন্নয়নে অবদান রাখতে উৎসাহিত করতে পারি। উপসংহারে, মেধা পাচার আমাদের দেশের উন্নয়নের জন্য একটি বড় চ্যালেঞ্জ, কারণ এটি মূল্যবান মানবসম্পদ হারানোর কারণ হয়ে দাঁড়ায়। এই সমস্যা সমাধানে কর্তৃপক্ষকে শিক্ষায় বিনিয়োগ, কর্মজীবনে উন্নতির সুযোগ তৈরি এবং প্রতিভা ধরে রাখার নীতিমালা প্রয়োগ করতে হবে। একমাত্র সম্মিলিত প্রচেষ্টার মাধ্যমেই আমরা মেধা পাচার রোধ করতে পারব এবং আমাদের দেশের উজ্জ্বল মেধাগুলির সম্ভাবনা দেশের ভবিষ্যতের কল্যাণে কাজে লাগাতে পারব। 100 words/phrases  from the text "Brain Drain" in English , Bangla , and Hindi  for better comprehension: Word/Phrase Meaning in English Meaning in Bangla Meaning in Hindi Brain drain Migration of skilled people to other countries দক্ষ লোকের অন্য দেশে চলে যাওয়া कुशल लोगों का अन्य देशों में पलायन Migration Movement of people from one place to another স্থানান্তর स्थानांतरण Highly skilled Great expertise or abilities অত্যন্ত দক্ষ अत्यधिक कुशल Educated Having formal education শিক্ষিত शिक्षित Talented Natural abilities প্রতিভাবান प्रतिभाशाली Opportunities Chances for success সুযোগ अवसर Living standards Quality of life জীবনযাত্রার মান जीवन स्तर Developing countries Nations with lower income and development উন্নয়নশীল দেশ विकासशील देश Prosperous Wealthy and successful সমৃদ্ধশালী समृद्धशाली Expertise Specialized knowledge বিশেষজ্ঞতা विशेषज्ञता Shortage Lack of something অভাব कमी Economic growth Increase in wealth অর্থনৈতিক বৃদ্ধি आर्थिक वृद्धि Demographic imbalance Uneven population distribution জনসংখ্যার অসামঞ্জস্য जनसंख्या असंतुलन Remittances Money sent by migrants প্রবাসীদের পাঠানো অর্থ प्रवासियों द्वारा भेजा गया धन Retain To keep ধরে রাখা बनाए रखना Sustainable development Development without harming the future টেকসই উন্নয়ন सतत विकास Lucrative Profitable or financially rewarding লাভজনক लाभदायक Invest To allocate money or resources for future benefit বিনিয়োগ করা निवेश करना Advancement Progress or improvement উন্নতি उन्नति Productive Effective in achieving results ফলপ্রসূ उत्पादक Incentive A motivating factor প্রণোদনা प्रोत्साहन Emigration Leaving one's country permanently দেশত্যাগ देश से प्रवास Domestic Related to home country দেশীয় घरेलू Abroad Foreign countries বিদেশ विदेश Policy Plan or principle of action নীতি नीति Critical sectors Important industries or areas গুরুত্বপূর্ণ খাত महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्र Healthcare Medical services স্বাস্থ্যসেবা स्वास्थ्य सेवा Technology Scientific advancements প্রযুক্তি तकनीक Decline Gradual decrease হ্রাস गिरावट Ambitious Strong desire to succeed উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষী महत्वाकांक्षी Contribution Adding to a cause or effort অবদান योगदान Challenge Difficult task or situation চ্যালেঞ্জ चुनौती Inequality Lack of equality অসমতা असमानता Workforce Group of people working কর্মীশক্তি कार्यबल Infrastructure Basic facilities and systems অবকাঠামো बुनियादी ढांचा Foreign Belonging to another country বিদেশি विदेशी Prosperity State of being successful সমৃদ্ধি समृद्धि Utilize Make use of ব্যবহার করা उपयोग करना Resources Supplies of money, materials, or people সম্পদ संसाधन Competent Capable or skilled দক্ষ सक्षम Globalization Worldwide interaction বিশ্বায়ন वैश्वीकरण Academic Related to education একাডেমিক शैक्षणिक Immigration Coming to live in a new country অভিবাসন आव्रजन Government Body that rules a nation সরকার सरकार Economies Systems of wealth creation অর্থনীতি अर्थव्यवस्था Innovations New ideas or inventions উদ্ভাবন नवाचार Prestige High status or importance সম্মান प्रतिष्ठा Workforce Employed individuals কর্মীশক্তি कार्यबल Scarcity Lack of sufficient resources অভাব कमी Inefficient Not effective অদক্ষ अक्षम Qualified Meeting the required standard যোগ্য योग्य Policies Strategies or rules নীতি नीतियां Ambition Strong desire to achieve উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা महत्वाकांक्षा Alleviate To reduce or lessen লাঘব করা कम करना Equitable Fair and impartial ন্যায্য न्यायसंगत Competitive Rivalry to be the best প্রতিযোগিতামূলক प्रतिस्पर्धी Labor Work, especially physical শ্রম श्रम Recession Economic downturn মন্দা मंदी Innovation New method or idea উদ্ভাবন नवाचार Prosperity Wealth or success সমৃদ্ধি समृद्धि Stimulate Encourage উদ্দীপিত করা प्रेरित करना Entrepreneurship Starting new businesses উদ্যোক্তা उद्यमिता Sustainable Long-lasting টেকসই टिकाऊ Infrastructure Physical structures অবকাঠামো बुनियादी ढांचा Opportunities Chances সুযোগ अवसर Migration Movement স্থানান্তর स्थानांतरण Knowledge Awareness জ্ঞান ज्ञान Demand Need for something চাহিদা मांग Foreign From another country বিদেশি विदेशी Retention Keeping something ধরে রাখা बनाए रखना Remittances Money sent home by migrants প্রবাসীদের অর্থ प्रवासी धन Strategies Plans for success কৌশল रणनीतियां Adaptation Adjustment to change অভিযোজন अनुकूलन Career Profession পেশা पेशा Global Worldwide বিশ্বব্যাপী वैश्विक Imbalance Unevenness ভারসাম্যহীনতা असंतुलन Productivity Efficiency in work উৎপাদনশীলতা उत्पादकता

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is an exotic land that harbours various kinds and species of birds. The people of Bangladesh get up from bed early in the morning by the chirping of birds and hear their songs all day long. There are so many of them that we do not know even the names of all. Where they found: We can see the birds here and there from dawn to dusk. Birds of many kinds live in woods, in hills, in marshy places and even near our homesteads. Variety of birds/Classes of birds: The birds of our country differ in colour, shape, size and habit. Different types of birds live in different places. Their food also varies. Some feed on worms and insects. Some feed on fish and flesh and some on fruits and grains and some on wastage. The common bird: The moment we wake up we hear twittering all around, but the cry that is heard above the mingled notes is that of the crow. The crow is the most familiar among the commonly seen birds. Though it is an ugly bird, it is rather useful. When it caws at dawn, we know that the night is over. It feeds on dead animals and many rotten and dirty things. It is also a thief by nature. It steals away food when it gets the chance. It is disliked for its ugly colour, harsh voice and dirty habits. Singing bird: The cuckoo, the doel, the sparrow, the bau-katha-kao are well known as singing birds. Black and white stripped doel is our national bird. The most popular and hiding song bird is the cuckoo. It visits us in spring and stays till the arrival of winter. It is called the harbinger of spring. The magpie-robin is small but pretty. It sings and raises its tail at the same time. The domestic birds: The pigeon, the swan, the cock are also nice birds and they are called domestic birds. They are of various uses to people. Their eggs and meat are edible. So they fulfil the demand of protein. Game birds: The game birds are those that we catch and kill for their tasty flesh. The pigeon, the dove, the snipe, the bittern, the heron the partridge and the wild duck belong to this class. They are seen almost everywhere in Bangladesh. Talking birds: The parrot, the moyna, the shalik, the shyma, the chandana are talking birds. They can imitate the voice of man. So, they are kept by some people as pets. Tailor birds: The tuntuni, the swallow the babui, the sparrow are known as tailor birds because they show a great skill in weaving their nests. That is why they deserve special mention. Birds of prey / plundering birds: The kite, the hawk, the eagle are birds of prey. They are endowed with keen eyes, sharp beak and nails by nature. They soar and fly very high but when ever there is a prey they swoop down upon it and carry it away. They prey upon chickens and ducklings. The vulture is a big bird. It feeds upon dead bodies of animals. The birds belong to this class are often known as rapacious birds. Guest birds/Migratory birds: There are some birds that migrate to our country from different places especially in some particular season. They are known as guest birds. Among them wild ducks, storks, cranes etc are remarkable. The marshy areas of the country are their favourite haunt. The water birds: The king- fisher, the stork, the swan, the duck, the sand­piper the pankouri are the water-birds. They live near the rivers, canals and swampy land and live on fish. Some other common birds: There are some other familiar birds which are commonly around us. The owl is one of them. It is fierce to look at yet quite harmless. It is a nocturnal bird. There is also a large variety of ducks. These birds can fly, swim and dive. Large flocks of them flying in different formations present a charming sight. The kingfisher and the wood-pecker are wild birds. Yet they are well known for their beauty. The pink crest of the woodpecker is very nice to look at. Importance/Usefulness: The birds are important elements of our environment. Some birds eat worms and insects and protect our crops. Their voices also remind the farmers and housewives of their day-to-day affairs. They are sometimes friend to the friendless and a source of living to the unemployed people. Besides, we can also eat flesh and eggs of some kinds of birds. Conclusion: Birds are wonderful gifts of Nature. Almost all of them are beautiful to look at. They add to the beauty of Nature. Some of them are very useful to us. So, we should not be unkind to them. Birds of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a land of uncommon natural beauty with her murmuring river, green fields, trees, flowers and fruits. In the same way, her birds also have added to her beauty and charm. There are various kinds of birds in Bangladesh. They are different in colour, shape, size, habit and nature. A detail of the different kinds of birds is as follows: The crows and the kites are teasing birds. They are hated by all. The crows are uglier in their habits than the kites. They steal away chickens, fish etc., whenever they get chance. The crows are very cunning. The kites also tease us. Of the singing birds, the cuckoo is the most popular. It appears in our country at the beginning of the spring when flowers bloom and nature looks beautiful and happy. It hides itself behind leaves. It is noted for its sweet singing. It is called the harbinger of the spring. The poet says-- "0 Cuckoo! shall I call thee Bird, Or but a wandering Voice?" (To the Cuckoo / William Wordsworth.) The other song birds are the bou-katha-kao, the shalikh, the shyama and the does etc. These birds are also very nice to look at. The parrot, the mayna, the chandana, the kakatooa, the martin are called talking birds. They are nice looking. They can imitate human voice if they are trained. The dove, the pigeon, the heron, the snipe, the teal, and the pankauri are called the game birds. They are famous for their tasty flesh. They are found in almost every part of Bangladesh. The hawk and the kite are the birds of prey. These are the most notorious. They have keen eyes, sharp nails and claws and a sweeping nature. There are many other common birds like swallow, sparrow and babui. The babui is called the tailor bird. The vulture is another common bird. Bangladesh is a blessing of God on the earth. Here birds in various ways do good to us. We should not kill the birds indiscriminately. They should be protected as our national asset. They enhance the beauty of our country. However, we should be sympathetic to them and make Bangladesh a happy homeland. THE BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a sweet home of birds. Birds of different kinds and species abound in this land. They abide in woods, in hills, in marshy places and even in our homesteads. They are of various colours, sizes and habits. Some birds live on insects and grains, some on worms and insects, some on fish and flesh, while some birds feed on dirty and rotten things. Bangladesh resounds with the songs of birds. Among the song birds, the cuckoo, the doel, the koel, the bou kotha kau and the nightingale are remarkable. The doel is our national bird. There are different kinds of tailor birds in Bangladesh. Tailor birds are those that .weave their nests themselves with surprising skill and dexterity. The tuntuni, the babui and the swallow are some of them. The 'haors' and 'heels' as well as other marshy places in Bangladesh abound with same birds. Some of them are migratory birds. They visit Bangladesh during the late rainy season or the autumn. The game birds include the heron, the partridge, the teal, the dove, the pigeon, the snipe and the pankauri. The hawk, the vulture, the crow and the kite belong to the kind of plundering birds. The hawk and the vulture await chances to swoop down and carry away chickens, fish and pieces of flesh from our household. The crow is also very cunning and has a thievish nature. There are other kinds of birds which also are very well-known in Bangladesh. The mayna, the chandana, the parrot and the cockatoo are remarkable as talking birds. If they are properly trained, they can imitate human voice and talk like men. Besides, there are domestic birds like the pigeon, the sparrow. The wood­pecker and the king-fisher fall among the kind of wild birds. The owl is a very fierce-looking bird. But it is quite innocent and harmless. It prowls only in the night and never comes out in the light of the day. Many of the birds that abide in Bangladesh are very useful creatures. They entertain the people with sweet songs. Some of them keep the environment neat and clean while the others add to the people's joy and delight. BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is an exotic land that harbours various kinds and species of birds. The people of Bangladesh get up from bed early in the morning by the chirping of birds and hear their songs all day long. There are so many of them that we do not know even the names of all. We can see the birds here and there from dawn to dusk. Birds of many kinds live in woods, in hills, in marshy places and even near our homesteads. The birds of our country differ in colour, shape, size and habit. Different types of birds live in different places. Their food also varies. Some feed on worms and insects. Some feed on fish and flesh and some on fruits and grains and some on wastage. The moment we wake up we hear twittering all around, but the cry that is heard above the mingled notes is that of the crow. The crow is the most familiar among the commonly seen birds. Though it is an ugly bird, it is rather useful. When it caws at dawn, we know that the night is over. It feeds on dead animals and many rotten and dirty things. It is also a thief by nature. It steals away food when it gets the chance. It is disliked for its ugly colour, harsh voice and dirty habits. The cuckoo, the doel, the sparrow, the bau-katha-kao are well known as singing birds. Black and white stripped doel is our national bird. The most popular and hiding song bird is the cuckoo. It visits us in spring and stays till the arrival of winter. It is called the harbinger of spring. The magpie-robin is small but pretty. It sings and raises its tail at the same time. The pigeon, the swan, the cock are also nice birds and they are called domestic birds. They are of various uses to people. Their eggs and meat are edible. So they fulfil the demand of protein. The game birds are those that we catch and kill for their tasty flesh. The pigeon, the dove, the snipe, the bittern, the heron the partridge and the wild duck belong to this class. They are seen almost everywhere in Bangladesh. The parrot, the moyna, the shalik, the shyma, the chandana are talking birds. They can imitate the voice of man. So, they are kept by some people as pets. The tuntuni, the swallow the babui, the sparrow are known as tailor birds because they show a great skill in weaving their nests. That is why they deserve special mention. The kite, the hawk, the eagle are birds of prey. They are endowed with keen eyes, sharp beak and nails by nature. They soar and fly very high but when ever there is a prey they swoop down upon it and carry it away. They prey upon chickens and ducklings. The vulture is a big bird. It feeds upon dead bodies of animals. The birds belong to this class are often known as rapacious birds. There are some birds that migrate to our country from different places especially in some particular season. They are known as guest birds. Among them wild ducks, storks, cranes etc are remarkable. The marshy areas of the country are their favourite haunt. The king- fisher, the stork, the swan, the duck, the sand-piper the pankouri are the water-birds. They live near the rivers, canals and swampy land and live on fish. There are some other familiar birds which are commonly around us. The owl is one of them. It is fierce to look at yet quite harmless. It is a nocturnal bird. There is also a large variety of ducks. These birds can fly, swim and dive. Large flocks of them flying in different formations present a charming sight. The kingfisher and the wood-pecker are wild birds. Yet they are well known for their beauty. The pink crest of the woodpecker is very nice to look at. The birds are important elements of our environment. Some birds eat worms and insects and protect our crops. Their voices also remind the farmers and housewives of their day-to-day affairs. They are sometimes friend to the friendless and a source of living to the unemployed people. Besides, we can also eat flesh and eggs of some kinds of birds. Birds are wonderful gifts of Nature. Almost all of them are beautiful to look at. They add to the beauty of Nature. Some of them are very useful to us. So, we should not be unkind to them. Birds of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a land of natural beauty, and its diverse birdlife adds to its charm. The country is home to over 700 species of birds, making it a paradise for bird lovers. These birds can be found in forests, wetlands, rivers, and even urban areas, reflecting the rich biodiversity of the nation. Some of the most common birds in Bangladesh are the crow, sparrow, and pigeon, which are often seen in cities and villages. Water birds like herons, egrets, and ducks are commonly found in wetlands and rivers. The magpie robin, known locally as the doyel, is the national bird of Bangladesh and symbolizes the country's natural heritage. Bangladesh is also home to many migratory birds. During the winter, birds from colder regions, such as Siberia, travel to the wetlands of Bangladesh. These migratory birds, including geese and cranes, add vibrant colors and life to the landscape. Birds play an essential role in the ecosystem of Bangladesh. They help control pests, pollinate plants, and spread seeds, contributing to the health of the environment. However, many bird species face threats due to deforestation, pollution, and hunting. To protect the birds of Bangladesh, efforts are being made to preserve forests and wetlands. Awareness campaigns and laws also aim to stop hunting and illegal bird trading. By protecting birds, we can ensure the balance of nature and the beauty of Bangladesh for future generations. In conclusion, the birds of Bangladesh are a valuable part of the country's natural heritage. Their diversity and beauty remind us of the importance of preserving the environment and living in harmony with nature.

Paragraph Writing Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. ​ Model Answer-2 Basic Human Rights Basic human rights are the fundamental rights and freedoms that every individual is entitled to simply because they are human. These rights are universal, meaning they apply to everyone, regardless of their nationality, religion, gender, or social status. Some of the most important basic human rights include the right to life, freedom of speech, education, and equal treatment under the law. Human rights also protect individuals from discrimination, abuse, and unfair treatment. The concept of human rights ensures that every person can live with dignity and respect. International organizations like the United Nations work to promote and protect these rights across the globe. Despite this, many people in the world still face violations of their basic rights due to war, poverty, or oppressive governments. To address this, governments, communities, and individuals must work together to uphold and protect human rights. Awareness and education play a key role in ensuring that these rights are respected. When basic human rights are safeguarded, societies become more just, equal, and peaceful. মৌলিক মানবাধিকার মৌলিক মানবাধিকার হলো সেই মৌলিক অধিকার এবং স্বাধীনতাগুলি যা প্রতিটি মানুষের জন্য প্রযোজ্য, শুধু মানুষ হওয়ার কারণে। এই অধিকারগুলি সর্বজনীন, অর্থাৎ এটি জাতীয়তা, ধর্ম, লিঙ্গ বা সামাজিক অবস্থান নির্বিশেষে সবার জন্য প্রযোজ্য। গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মৌলিক অধিকারগুলোর মধ্যে রয়েছে জীবনের অধিকার, বাক-স্বাধীনতা, শিক্ষা এবং আইনের অধীনে সমান আচরণের অধিকার। মানবাধিকার মানুষকে বৈষম্য, নির্যাতন এবং অন্যায় আচরণ থেকে সুরক্ষা দেয়। এই অধিকারগুলি নিশ্চিত করে যে প্রতিটি ব্যক্তি সম্মান এবং মর্যাদার সঙ্গে জীবনযাপন করতে পারে। জাতিসংঘের মতো আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলি বিশ্বব্যাপী এই অধিকারগুলি প্রচার এবং সুরক্ষায় কাজ করে। তবুও, যুদ্ধ, দারিদ্র্য বা অত্যাচারী সরকারগুলোর কারণে অনেক মানুষ এখনো তাদের মৌলিক অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত। এই সমস্যা সমাধানে সরকার, সমাজ এবং ব্যক্তিদের একসঙ্গে কাজ করতে হবে। সচেতনতা এবং শিক্ষা এই অধিকারগুলি নিশ্চিত করার জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। মৌলিক মানবাধিকার সুরক্ষিত হলে সমাজ আরও ন্যায়বান, সমান এবং শান্তিপূর্ণ হয়। Model Answer-3   Composition / Essay Writing Basic Human Rights Basic human rights are the essential freedoms and protections that every person deserves. They are the foundation of justice, equality, and dignity in society. These rights belong to everyone, no matter their race, gender, religion, nationality, or social status. The idea of human rights ensures that every individual is treated fairly and has the opportunity to live a safe and fulfilling life. Some of the most important basic human rights include the right to life, education, freedom of speech, and equal treatment under the law. Every person has the right to live without fear of violence or discrimination. Education is also a key right because it helps people improve their lives and contribute to society. Freedom of speech allows individuals to express their thoughts and opinions without fear of punishment. Equal treatment ensures that no one is treated unfairly because of their identity or background. Organizations like the United Nations work to promote and protect human rights worldwide. Many international agreements, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, have been created to ensure these rights are respected. However, despite these efforts, human rights violations still occur in many parts of the world. People face issues such as poverty, discrimination, war, and lack of access to education and healthcare. To protect human rights, governments and communities must work together. Education and awareness are powerful tools to help people understand their rights and stand up against injustice. When human rights are respected, societies become more peaceful and fair. It is the responsibility of every individual to promote and protect these rights, ensuring a better world for future generations. In conclusion, basic human rights are crucial for creating a just and equal society. By valuing and protecting these rights, we can build a world where everyone has the opportunity to live with dignity, freedom, and respect. Let us work together to uphold these rights for everyone.

Judgement of King Solomon   In a certain village, there lived two women, one of whom had given birth to a baby. However, the other woman had claimed the child as her own, resulting in a bitter quarrel between the two. With no resolution in sight, they decided to seek the wise counsel of King Solomon, renowned for his sagacity. The king listened attentively to their pleas and requested them to tell him the truth. Both the women claimed the baby as their own, leaving the king perplexed as to how to decide the matter.   After some contemplation, King Solomon came up with a plan to resolve the issue technically. He asked the two women to return the next day and promised to give his judgment then. The next day, the two women appeared before the king with the baby. King Solomon began by stating that he had never encountered a complaint like this before, but he was determined to settle the matter.   To the surprise of both women, the king proposed to cut the baby into two equal parts and give one part to each mother. Upon hearing this, one of the women turned pale and began to weep, while the other remained silent. The true mother of the child, moved by maternal love, begged the king to spare the baby's life and give it to the other woman so that she could at least know her child was alive. The false mother, in contrast, readily agreed to the king's proposal, stating that he should cut the baby in half and give them both a share.   King Solomon, perceptive and astute as he was, recognized the real mother of the baby and punished the deceitful woman. He then awarded the baby to the true mother, who had demonstrated her willingness to let her child live, even with the false mother. Thus, King Solomon's wisdom and judgment prevailed once again, and the two women returned to their village, satisfied and grateful for the king's guidance.         Moral : Mother's Love for a Child Once there lived two women in a village. One of 'them had a child. But the other woman claimed the mothership of the child. So, they were entangled in a quarrel regarding the mothership of the child. Finding no other solution they went to King Solomon. The king thought for a long time but was unable to find any solution. Then one of his ministers asked for permission to solve the problem. The king gave him permission. The minister asked the women to tell the truth. If the fraud woman accepted her fault she would not be punished for her deed. But none of the woman gave up the child. Since nobody was backing down from their claim, the minister decided to cut the baby in two pieces and give each woman a part. One of the women agreed to the ministers' proposal. But the other woman started to cry. She said that she didn't need the baby. The other woman can take the baby as long as it is not hurt. After this the minister understood that the second woman was the real mother because no mother would want her child to get hurt. It's better to give away a child than see it get hurt. The baby was given back to the real mother and the other woman was punished for trying to steal a baby. The judgement of King Solomon Once there lived two women in a village. One of them had a baby. But the other woman claimed that baby. As a result both of them entangled in a quarrel. None could find a solution to the problem. Last of all they went to the court of King Solomon. King Soloman was a very wise and just king. Finding out the truth he could solve any problem. When he saw that none left the claim of the baby, he thought what to do. Then he ordered one of his men to cut the baby into two equal halves and give one half to each of the woman. The first woman became very elated. He said, he said, “I’ m agreed with the decision.” Please give me my half.” But the second woman started howling. She told the king. “Don’t kill the baby. I don’t need my share. Give the baby to her.” The king understood the fact and give the baby to the second woman and the first woman was sent to prison. রাজা শলোমনের বিচার একটি গ্রামে দুই মহিলা বাস করতেন, যাদের মধ্যে একজন একটি শিশুর জন্ম দিয়েছিলেন। তবে, অন্য মহিলা শিশুটিকে নিজের বলে দাবি করেছিলেন, যার ফলে উভয়ের মধ্যে তীব্র ঝগড়া হয়েছিল। কোনও সমাধান না পেয়ে, তারা রাজা শলোমনের বিজ্ঞ পরামর্শ নেওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন, যিনি তার বিচক্ষণতার জন্য বিখ্যাত ছিলেন। রাজা তাদের আবেদন মনোযোগ সহকারে শোনেন এবং সত্যটি বলার জন্য তাদের অনুরোধ করেন। উভয় মহিলাই শিশুটিকে তাদের বলে দাবি করেন, ফলে রাজা কীভাবে বিষয়টির সিদ্ধান্ত নেবেন তা নিয়ে দ্বিধাগ্রস্ত হয়ে পড়েন। কিছুক্ষণ চিন্তা করার পর, রাজা শলোমন সমস্যাটি প্রযুক্তিগতভাবে সমাধানের জন্য একটি পরিকল্পনা নিয়ে আসেন। তিনি পরের দিন দুই মহিলাকে ফিরে আসতে বলেন এবং তারপরে তার রায় দেওয়ার প্রতিশ্রুতি দেন। পরের দিন, দুই মহিলা শিশুটিকে নিয়ে রাজার সামনে উপস্থিত হন। রাজা শলোমন এই বলে শুরু করেন যে তিনি আগে কখনও এই ধরণের অভিযোগের মুখোমুখি হননি, তবে তিনি বিষয়টির নিষ্পত্তি করতে দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ ছিলেন। উভয় মহিলাকে অবাক করে দিয়ে, রাজা শিশুটিকে দুটি সমান অংশে কেটে প্রতিটি মাকে একটি অংশ দেওয়ার প্রস্তাব দেন। এই কথা শুনে, একজন মহিলা ফ্যাকাশে হয়ে গেলেন এবং কাঁদতে শুরু করলেন, অন্যজন চুপ করে রইলেন। মাতৃস্নেহে আপ্লুত শিশুটির আসল মা রাজার কাছে অনুরোধ করলেন যেন তিনি শিশুটির জীবন রক্ষা করেন এবং অন্য মহিলাকে দেন যাতে তিনি অন্তত জানতে পারেন যে তার সন্তান বেঁচে আছে। বিপরীতে, মিথ্যা মা রাজার প্রস্তাবে সহজেই রাজি হয়ে গেলেন, বললেন যে তিনি শিশুটিকে অর্ধেক করে কেটে ফেলবেন এবং তাদের উভয়কেই একটি অংশ দেবেন। রাজা শলোমন, যতই বিচক্ষণ এবং বিচক্ষণ ছিলেন, শিশুর আসল মাকে চিনতে পেরেছিলেন এবং প্রতারক মহিলাকে শাস্তি দিয়েছিলেন। এরপর তিনি শিশুটিকে আসল মাকে দান করেন, যিনি তার সন্তানকে বাঁচতে দেওয়ার ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করেছিলেন, এমনকি মিথ্যা মায়ের সাথেও। এইভাবে, রাজা শলোমনের জ্ঞান এবং বিচার আবারও জয়লাভ করে, এবং দুই মহিলা রাজার নির্দেশনার জন্য সন্তুষ্ট এবং কৃতজ্ঞ হয়ে তাদের গ্রামে ফিরে আসেন।

Industry is the Key to Success:   Muna / Feroza , a young girl hailing from a destitute farmer's family, was deprived of education by her father due to their impoverished circumstances. Eventually, at the tender age of fifteen, her parents arranged her marriage to a man of similar means. Alas, the groom proved indolent, lacking any inclination towards work. Thus, Muna/Feroza had to toil relentlessly to support her family. However, she was plagued with a persistent fear: what if she gave birth to a female child? The specter of penury loomed large, and she yearned to find a way to earn a livelihood.   In her quest for a solution, Muna/Feroza sought the guidance of her cousin, who was affiliated with a youth training center. He suggested that she receive training in poultry farming. Muna/Feroza took his advice and diligently completed the course. Subsequently, she obtained a loan of 10,000 Taka from the training center under lenient terms. Using the loan, she initiated a poultry farm at her home and diligently tended to the birds. Her chickens and ducks thrived under her care, attaining robust health. Eventually, she sold them in the market and earned a substantial sum of money. After clearing the loan, Muna obtained a larger loan from the training center and invested the funds in profitable ventures, effectively running her own business.   Through her hard work and perseverance, Muna/Feroza transformed her fortunes, ascending to the status of a wealthy woman. She now enjoys a peaceful life and can afford to send her daughter to school, nurturing the hope that her offspring will attain higher education and enlighten society.       Moral :

The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words : Tamanna Akter Noora, a girl in Jashore's Jhikorgacha Upazila, was born without arms and one leg. But this extreme disability could not halt her journey of success. An s.     Indomitable Tamanna Tamanna Akter Noora, a girl in Jashore's Jhikorgacha Upazila. was born without arms and one leg. But this extreme disability could not halt her journey of success. Tamanna's journey is one of incredible resilience and determination. Born with three out of four limbs missing, she faced numerous challenges from the moment she came into the world. Despite being met with unwelcome stares and insults, her parents never lost hope and showered her with love and care. Tamanna's mother recognized her daughter's keen intellect and refused to let her physical disability limit her potential. With unwavering support, she taught Tamanna to write using a pen held between her toes, a skill she quickly mastered. However, finding a school willing to accept her was another hurdle altogether. Fortunately, a compassionate teacher arranged for Tamanna's admission, and with her family's assistance, she navigated the school grounds in a wheelchair. Despite the challenges of being the only student with a disability, Tamanna excelled academically, consistently outperforming her peers and earning top honors in her classes. Her remarkable talents extended beyond the classroom, as Tamanna discovered a passion for art. Using her foot, she learned to draw intricate pictures and graphs, winning accolades at local competitions. Despite the odds stacked against her, Tamanna achieved the highest scores in every public examination she undertook, showcasing her determination and perseverance. Now, Tamanna is gearing up for another challenge: higher education. With her sights set on the future, she hopes to continue inspiring others and prove that individuals with disabilities are valuable members of society. Through her incredible journey, Tamanna serves as a beacon of hope, demonstrating that with determination and a strong spirit, anything is possible. অদম্য তামান্না যশোরের ঝিকোরগাছা উপজেলার মেয়ে তামান্না আক্তার নূরা। জন্ম থেকেই তার হাত ও পা ছিল না। কিন্তু এই চরম প্রতিবন্ধকতা তার সাফল্যের যাত্রা থামাতে পারেনি। তামান্নার যাত্রা অবিশ্বাস্য স্থিতিস্থাপকতা এবং দৃঢ়তার যাত্রা। চারটি অঙ্গের মধ্যে তিনটি অনুপস্থিত অবস্থায় জন্মগ্রহণ করার পর থেকে, সে পৃথিবীতে আসার মুহূর্ত থেকেই অসংখ্য চ্যালেঞ্জের মুখোমুখি হয়েছিল। অযাচিত দৃষ্টি এবং অপমানের মুখোমুখি হওয়া সত্ত্বেও, তার বাবা-মা কখনও আশা হারাননি এবং তাকে ভালোবাসা এবং যত্ন দিয়েছিলেন। তামান্নার মা তার মেয়ের তীক্ষ্ণ বুদ্ধিমত্তা বুঝতে পেরেছিলেন এবং তার শারীরিক অক্ষমতাকে তার সম্ভাবনাকে সীমাবদ্ধ করতে দিতে অস্বীকার করেছিলেন। অটল সমর্থনের মাধ্যমে, তিনি তামান্নাকে তার পায়ের আঙ্গুলের মাঝে ধরে রাখা কলম ব্যবহার করে লিখতে শেখান, এই দক্ষতা তিনি দ্রুত আয়ত্ত করেছিলেন। তবে, তাকে গ্রহণ করতে ইচ্ছুক একটি স্কুল খুঁজে পাওয়া সম্পূর্ণরূপে আরেকটি বাধা ছিল। সৌভাগ্যবশত, একজন সহানুভূতিশীল শিক্ষক তামান্নার ভর্তির ব্যবস্থা করেছিলেন এবং তার পরিবারের সহায়তায়, তিনি হুইলচেয়ারে স্কুলের মাঠে চলাচল করেছিলেন। একমাত্র প্রতিবন্ধী ছাত্রী হওয়ার চ্যালেঞ্জ সত্ত্বেও, তামান্না শিক্ষাগতভাবে অসাধারণ ছিলেন, ধারাবাহিকভাবে তার সহপাঠীদের ছাড়িয়ে গিয়েছিলেন এবং তার ক্লাসে শীর্ষ সম্মান অর্জন করেছিলেন। তার অসাধারণ প্রতিভা শ্রেণীকক্ষের বাইরেও ছড়িয়ে পড়েছিল, কারণ তামান্না শিল্পের প্রতি অনুরাগ আবিষ্কার করেছিলেন। তার পা ব্যবহার করে, তিনি জটিল ছবি এবং গ্রাফ আঁকতে শিখেছিলেন, স্থানীয় প্রতিযোগিতায় প্রশংসা অর্জন করেছিলেন। তার বিরুদ্ধে থাকা প্রতিকূলতা সত্ত্বেও, তামান্না তার প্রতিটি পাবলিক পরীক্ষায় সর্বোচ্চ নম্বর অর্জন করেছিলেন, তার দৃঢ়তা এবং অধ্যবসায় প্রদর্শন করেছিলেন। এখন, তামান্না আরেকটি চ্যালেঞ্জের জন্য প্রস্তুত হচ্ছেন: উচ্চশিক্ষা। ভবিষ্যতের দিকে তার দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি নিয়ে, তিনি অন্যদের অনুপ্রাণিত করতে এবং প্রমাণ করতে চান যে প্রতিবন্ধী ব্যক্তিরা সমাজের মূল্যবান সদস্য। তার অবিশ্বাস্য যাত্রার মাধ্যমে, তামান্না আশার আলো হিসেবে কাজ করে, দেখিয়েছেন যে দৃঢ় সংকল্প এবং দৃঢ় মনোবলের সাথে যেকোনো কিছু সম্ভব।

Honesty of a Young Boy   Rahim, a traveler aboard the Padma Express from Dhaka to Rajshahi, encountered a devastating setback when he lost his bag on the ferry while crossing the river to board another train at the stations of Gafargaon, Mymensing, and Jagannathgonj. The bag held his essential belongings, including his clothes, money, and ticket, among other items. Faced with this predicament, Rahim was overcome with frustration and anxiety, not knowing how to proceed. However, a notion dawned on him, leading him to approach the station master, who exhibited the kindness of a benevolent heart. Rahim explained his situation to the station master, who, in turn, listened to him patiently and empathetically, comprehending the gravity of his situation. Taking note of Rahim's name and particulars, the station master directed him to wait for a while and informed the "lost and found" department of the situation. He issued an announcement over the microphone in the hopes of retrieving Rahim's lost bag.   Rahim waited with bated breath for a resolution, knowing that the contents of the lost bag were critical for the maintenance of his family. Eventually, his patience was rewarded when a young man emerged, bearing his lost bag and handing it over to the department officer. Overjoyed with relief, Rahim received his bag and could not contain his gratitude, thanking the young man from the bottom of his heart. He prayed to Allah, expressing his deep appreciation for the young man's honesty and integrity, which had saved him from immense hardship.       Moral : আয়াতের দয়ার কাজ একদিন, স্কুলছাত্র আয়াত হেঁটে স্কুলে যাচ্ছিল। হেঁটে যাওয়ার সময়, স্কুলে যাওয়ার পথে সে টাকার বান্ডিল দেখতে পেল। টাকার বান্ডিলটি নিয়ে সে সোজা তার ক্লাস টিচারের কাছে গেল। "আয়াত, তুমি এখানে কেন এলে?" ক্লাসের আগে তাকে দেখে অবাক হয়ে তার শিক্ষক জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন। "ম্যাডাম, স্কুলে যাওয়ার পথে আমি টাকার এই বান্ডিলটি পেয়েছি। আমি ভাবলাম তোমাকে এটা দেওয়া উচিত। হয়তো কেউ হারিয়ে ফেলেছে," আয়াত আন্তরিকতার সাথে উত্তর দিলেন। তার শিক্ষক তার সততা দেখে মুগ্ধ হয়েছিলেন। তিনি বান্ডিলটি ভালোভাবে পরীক্ষা করে দেখেন এবং ভিতরে একটি ছোট নোট আটকে আছে। তাতে একটি নাম এবং একটি ফোন নম্বর লেখা ছিল। দেরি না করে তিনি নম্বরে ফোন করে টাকা সম্পর্কে ব্যক্তিকে জানান। তাদের অবাক করে দিয়ে, টাকাটি একজন বৃদ্ধ মহিলার ছিল যিনি তার নাতির চিকিৎসার জন্য টাকা জমা করেছিলেন। ব্যাংক থেকে বাড়ি ফেরার সময় দুর্ঘটনাক্রমে টাকাটি ফেলে দিয়েছিলেন। শিক্ষক তাকে টাকা সংগ্রহের জন্য স্কুলে আমন্ত্রণ জানান। বৃদ্ধা মহিলাটি এলে তিনি কৃতজ্ঞতায় অভিভূত হয়ে পড়েন। সে আয়াত এবং তার শিক্ষককে অজস্র ধন্যবাদ জানালো, তার চোখ অশ্রুসিক্ত হয়ে উঠলো। "তুমি জানো না এই টাকা আমার কাছে কতটা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। তুমি আমার নাতির জীবন বাঁচিয়েছো," সে বলল। কৃতজ্ঞতার নিদর্শন হিসেবে সে আয়াতকে তার বাড়িতে আমন্ত্রণ জানিয়েছিল এবং তার জন্য কিছু সুস্বাদু মিষ্টি রান্না করেছিল। আয়াতের হাসি দেখে এবং সে সঠিক কাজটি করেছে তা জেনে সে গভীর আনন্দ অনুভব করেছিল। এই অভিজ্ঞতা থেকে অনুপ্রাণিত হয়ে, আয়াত তার স্কুলে একটি ছোট দাতব্য কর্মসূচি শুরু করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেয়। সে তার সহপাঠীদের তাদের সম্প্রদায়ের দরিদ্র ও অভাবীদের সাহায্য করার জন্য যেকোনো উপায়ে অবদান রাখতে উৎসাহিত করে। সেই দিন থেকে, আয়াত তার সহপাঠীদের মধ্যে সততা এবং দয়ার একজন আদর্শ হয়ে ওঠে।

HONEST DEED ALWAYS REWARDED One day an old farmer was going through a field. All on a sudden, he found a purse which was full of the pieces of gold. He became wonder-struck when he saw the gold. He was in a fix and could not think anything clearly. He became very happy and began to dream of becoming rich very soon by selling the pieces of gold. So, he took the purse and returned home in an extremely jolly mood. He hesitated to tell his wife why he was so happy. But when his wife insisted, he disclosed the fact to her and told her that they would not remain poor any longer. He described his plans to her and told that he would sell these pieces of gold and thus would become rich. But as the wife was honest, she said scornfully, "No, you can't do that. It's a sin. You must find the owner and return the purse of gold. I'll help you find the owner." Then the old fanner told her that he would sell only a few pieces of gold and would return the rest to the owner. But his wife did not agree. In the meantime, the news spread everywhere and so the owner of the purse came and asked for his gold. At that time the farmer thought that the owner must give him some pieces of gold as a reward. So, he returned the purse of gold to its owner and the owner went away without giving any reward to him. So, the old farmer became sad and unhappy and cursed his bad luck. But his wife said to him that he is sure to receive reward from Allah. Reward of Honesty Completing Story Once there lived a poor but kind farmer in a small village. He owned a small piece of land and earn just enough money to take care of his wife and seven children. Life was hard, and he always worried about how to meet his family growing needs. As his children grow older, they needed more things, and this made the family expenses rise. One day, while walking through his field, the farmer was deep in thought, feeling anxious about how to make more money to support his family. Suddenly, he spotted a small wallet lying on the ground. Surprised, he picked it up and opened it. Inside, there was a lot of money. He immediately went home and showed it to his wife. His wife, seeing all the money, became excited. She suggested they keep the money and use it to solve their problems. However, the farmer did not agree. He told his wife that the money did not belong to them, and they should return it to its rightful owner. After a few days, the farmer found the owner of the wallet. It belonged to a very rich man. When the farmer returned the wallet, the rich man was wonder by his honesty. To show his gratitude, he offered the farmer a job as his  caretaker . The farmer accepted the job, and soon, he and his family were living a happier life. This story teaches us that honesty always brings good rewards. Even though the farmer was poor, his honesty changed his life for the better. Reward of Honesty Once there lived a poor but kind farmer in a small village. He owned a small piece of land and earn just enough money to take care of his wife and seven children. Life was hard, and he always worried about how to meet his family growing needs. As his children grow older, they needed more things, and this made the family expenses rise. One day, while walking through his field, the farmer was deep in thought, feeling anxious about how to make more money to support his family. Suddenly, he spotted a small wallet lying on the ground. Surprised, he picked it up and opened it. Inside, there was a lot of money. He immediately went home and showed it to his wife. His wife, seeing all the money, became excited. She suggested they keep the money and use it to solve their problems. However, the farmer did not agree. He told his wife that the money did not belong to them, and they should return it to its rightful owner. After a few days, the farmer found the owner of the wallet. It belonged to a very rich man. When the farmer returned the wallet, the rich man was wonder by his honesty. To show his gratitude, he offered the farmer a job as his  caretaker . The farmer accepted the job, and soon, he and his family were living a happier life. This story teaches us that honesty always brings good rewards. Even though the farmer was poor, his honesty changed his life for the better. Honesty Never Goes Unrewarded   In a small, rural village lived a poor but worthy farmer who, with the modest income from his meager few acres of land, managed to support himself, his wife and their seven children. As he walked through his fields one day, he pondered his circumstances, realizing that as his children grew older and required more, their family expenses continued to increase. In an effort to brainstorm how he could earn additional funds, he happened upon a purse lying on the ground before him.   Initially, the farmer considered that someone must have lost the purse, and he could not keep it for himself. Nevertheless, he picked it up and opened it, revealing a substantial sum of money inside. Rushing home to share his discovery with his wife, she greedily suggested they keep the money for themselves and use it to better their family's situation. However, the farmer's moral compass pointed in a different direction. He recognized that the money was not rightfully theirs and insisted that they find the owner of the lost purse.   After a few days, the farmer successfully located the rightful owner and promptly returned the lost item, along with its contents. The owner, a very wealthy man, was deeply moved by the farmer's honesty and integrity. Impressed by the farmer's character, the wealthy man appointed him as his caretaker.   Overjoyed by this newfound opportunity, the farmer began his new job with a sense of pride and honor. His honesty had not only earned him the admiration of others, but it had also paved the way for a brighter future. The farmer learned that doing what is right is often rewarded in ways beyond measure, and his unwavering moral compass had led him to a newfound success and prosperity. Honesty Never Goes Unrewarded   In a small, rural village lived a poor but worthy farmer who, with the modest income from his meager few acres of land, managed to support himself, his wife and their seven children. As he walked through his fields one day, he pondered his circumstances, realizing that as his children grew older and required more, their family expenses continued to increase. In an effort to brainstorm how he could earn additional funds, he happened upon a purse lying on the ground before him.   Initially, the farmer considered that someone must have lost the purse, and he could not keep it for himself. Nevertheless, he picked it up and opened it, revealing a substantial sum of money inside. Rushing home to share his discovery with his wife, she greedily suggested they keep the money for themselves and use it to better their family's situation. However, the farmer's moral compass pointed in a different direction. He recognized that the money was not rightfully theirs and insisted that they find the owner of the lost purse.   After a few days, the farmer successfully located the rightful owner and promptly returned the lost item, along with its contents. The owner, a very wealthy man, was deeply moved by the farmer's honesty and integrity. Impressed by the farmer's character, the wealthy man appointed him as his caretaker.   Overjoyed by this newfound opportunity, the farmer began his new job with a sense of pride and honor. His honesty had not only earned him the admiration of others, but it had also paved the way for a brighter future. The farmer learned that doing what is right is often rewarded in ways beyond measure, and his unwavering moral compass had led him to a newfound success and prosperity. Moral : Honesty Never Goes Unrewarded সততার পুরস্কার এক সময়ের কথা, এক গরিব কিন্তু সৎ কৃষক একটি গ্রামে বাস করত। তার ছোট্ট একটি জমি ছিল, এবং তিনি যা আয় করতেন, তা দিয়ে তার স্ত্রী ও সাত সন্তানকে কোনোভাবে চালিয়ে নিচ্ছিলেন। জীবন ছিল খুবই কঠিন, আর তিনি প্রায়ই চিন্তা করতেন কীভাবে তার পরিবারের জন্য আরও টাকার ব্যবস্থা করবেন, কারণ তার সন্তানরা বড় হচ্ছিল এবং তাদের চাহিদাও বাড়ছিল। একদিন, মাঠে হাঁটতে হাঁটতে তিনি মাটিতে একটি থলে পড়ে থাকতে দেখলেন। থলেটি তুলে নিয়ে খুলে দেখেন, ভেতরে অনেক টাকা! তিনি তাড়াতাড়ি বাড়ি ফিরে তার স্ত্রীকে টাকা ভর্তি থলেটি দেখালেন। তার স্ত্রী খুশি হয়ে বললেন, “এই টাকা আমরা রেখে দিই, আমাদের সমস্যাগুলো সমাধান হয়ে যাবে।” কিন্তু কৃষক তা মানলেন না। তিনি বললেন, এই টাকা আমাদের নয়, এটি যার হারিয়েছে, তাকে ফিরিয়ে দিতে হবে। কয়েকদিন পর, কৃষক জানতে পারলেন যে থলেটি গ্রামের এক ধনী মানুষের। কৃষক যখন টাকাটা ফিরিয়ে দিলেন, ধনী ব্যক্তি খুবই খুশি হলেন এবং কৃষকের সততায় মুগ্ধ হলেন। কৃতজ্ঞতা জানাতে তিনি কৃষককে তার দেখাশোনার চাকরি দিলেন। কৃষক সেই কাজটি গ্রহণ করলেন, এবং কিছুদিনের মধ্যেই তার পরিবার সুখে দিন কাটাতে লাগল। এই গল্পটি আমাদের শেখায় যে সততা সবসময় ভালো ফল বয়ে আনে। যদিও কৃষক ছিলেন গরিব, তার সততাই তাকে সুখ এবং সফলতা এনে দিল।

The Dog and the Shadow   On a certain day, a dog, consumed by a voracious appetite, pilfered a piece of meat from a nearby meat shop. Gripping the meat in its jaws, the canine proceeded to run alongside a babbling stream. Soon enough, the dog arrived at a bridge that spanned the stream. However, while traversing the bridge, the dog chanced upon a fascinating sight: another dog, carrying a succulent piece of meat in its own mouth, was walking in the opposite direction.   Enthralled by the prospect of acquiring yet another delicious morsel of meat, the dog halted its progress and cast a keen glance downwards towards the canal. To its surprise, it beheld a mirror-like reflection of itself, which it mistook for another dog. Overcome with a sense of greed and avarice, the dog let out a howl at the image, determined to acquire the other piece of meat.   Alas! As a result of its own foolishness, the piece of meat slipped from its grip and tumbled into the water below. In a desperate attempt to retrieve its lost treasure, the dog plunged into the water, but its efforts were in vain. Exhausted and famished, the dog eventually managed to swim to the opposite bank of the canal, where it remained unfed and dejected. Thus, the dog learned a valuable lesson that by trying to grasp everything, it could end up losing everything. Moral : Grasp all, lose all The Dog and the Shadow Once upon a time, there was a dog who lived near a butcher's shop. He was very greedy and always on the lookout for food. Since the butcher's shop was full of tasty meat, the dog decided to steal a piece for himself. He was thrilled at the thought of finally enjoying such delicious food. After many days of waiting for the right moment, the dog decided to find a safe spot to enjoy his stolen meat. He chose to cross a bridge over a canal. As he crossed, he glanced down into the water and saw another dog carrying a piece of meat in its mouth. The dog on the bridge stopped and carefully observed the dog in the water. Thinking it was another dog with meat, he couldn't resist the opportunity to snatch it away. But to his surprise, the "other dog" was just his own reflection in the clear water. He barked at the reflection, causing the piece of meat to fall into the water. In a panic, the dog jumped into the canal to retrieve the meat, but it sank out of reach. Despite his efforts, he couldn't get it back. Instead, he found himself in the water, unfed and disappointed. Reflecting on what happened, the dog realized that his greed had caused him to lose everything. He learned the hard way that trying to take everything for oneself can lead to losing it all in the end. The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words: Once a farmer had a goose. It used to lay a golden egg everyday. The farmer used to sell them in the local market and in no time he became quite solvent. But his wife was very greedy.... JB'22; P.B'19; JB'14, CB'10; SB'14 . . . ... ........ . . Ans.      Grasp All, Lose All Once a fanner had a goose. It used to lay a golden egg everyday. The j4rmer used to sell them in the local market and in no time he became quite solvent. But his wife was very greedy. Driven by greed, the woman grew discontented with the steady stream of golden eggs provided by the goose. She yearned for immediate wealth, desiring to become the richest person in the village overnight. Convinced that the goose laid only one egg a day, she devised a plan to hasten their fortune by extracting all the eggs at once. Believing that cutting open the goose's belly would reveal a cache of golden eggs, she shared her scheme with her husband. However, her husband, wise and unswayed by greed, urged caution and warned against such a reckless act. Despite his pleas, the woman remained obstinate, disregarding his counsel. Determined to fulfill her greed-fueled aspirations, she seized a sharp knife and proceeded to cut open the goose's stomach. To her dismay, the goose yielded no golden eggs. Instead, it succumbed to the fatal wound inflicted upon it, perishing instantly. Overwhelmed by remorse and regret, the woman lamented her foolishness as her husband looked on with disappointment. In a moment of clarity, her husband admonished her, highlighting the consequences of her greed-driven actions. He emphasized that her folly had not only cost them the potential wealth but also resulted in the loss of a valuable asset. With heavy hearts, they faced the harsh reality of their actions, learning a bitter lesson about the destructive power of greed. The Dog and the Shadow (grasp all,lose all) Long ago there lived a dog near a butcher’s shop. He was very greedy. He can search food by smelling. As it was the butcher’s shop, many pieces of meat were arranged in the shop. The dog once stole a piece of meat from the butcher’s shop. He was very happy in the hope of having a nice meal of it.               Many days had passed he was going to taste this kind of meat. So, he tried to go a safer place by crossing a bridge over a canal. He looked down in the canal and saw another dog carrying a piece of meat in its mouth.              The dog stopped on the bridge and looked down very carefully. He could not prevent himself taking the opportunity to snatch away the other piece of meat. In fact, he saw his own image in the clear water of the canal and thought that was another dog. So he howled at the image. Instantly the piece of meat fell into the water. The dog jumped following the piece of meat that was dropping. Alas! he failed to get it. The piece sank down the canal’s water and was lost. The dog also fell on water. However, he managed to swim to the other bank of the canal and remained unfed.    Now he was thinking about his lost meat.  He got a good lesson that grasps all, lose all. Grasp All, Lose All: A dog once stole a piece of meat     On a certain day, a dog, consumed by a voracious appetite, pilfered a piece of meat from a nearby meat shop. Gripping the meat in its jaws, the canine proceeded to run alongside a babbling stream. Soon enough, the dog arrived at a bridge that spanned the stream. However, while traversing the bridge, the dog chanced upon a fascinating sight: another dog, carrying a succulent piece of meat in its own mouth, was walking in the opposite direction.   Enthralled by the prospect of acquiring yet another delicious morsel of meat, the dog halted its progress and cast a keen glance downwards towards the canal. To its surprise, it beheld a mirror-like reflection of itself, which it mistook for another dog. Overcome with a sense of greed and avarice, the dog let out a howl at the image, determined to acquire the other piece of meat.   Alas! As a result of its own foolishness, the piece of meat slipped from its grip and tumbled into the water below. In a desperate attempt to retrieve its lost treasure, the dog plunged into the water, but its efforts were in vain. Exhausted and famished, the dog eventually managed to swim to the opposite bank of the canal, where it remained unfed and dejected. Thus, the dog learned a valuable lesson that by trying to grasp everything, it could end up losing everything. A Dog and His Shadow                                                                                 One day a fox became very hungry. By roaming several hours he did not get any food to eat. At last he decided to go to the butcher’s shop and stole a piece of meat. Accordingly he went to a butcher’s shop and stole a piece of meat in the market and ran away with it. He became very glad by having food. He thought he would be able to satisfy his hunger.  On the way he had to cross a bridge across a small stream. As he was running along the bridge, suddenly he looked down at his own shadow in the water of the stream.             The foolish dog could not understand that if was his own shadow. He thought it was another dog with another piece of meat in its mouth. This aroused his greed. He was easily tempted to see that piece of meat and thought of having that piece too. He said, “ You scoundrel , you cannot have that piece when I am here. I must have that piece too.” Saying so  he jumped upon his own shadow with a loud bark as soon as he opened his mouth , the piece of meat dropped from his mouth and was taken away by the current of the stream .He lost his piece of meat as well his own life.    Grasp All, Lose All Once a dog stole a piece of meat from a shop. Holding it in his mouth, he was running beside a stream. When the dog was crossing a bridge over the stream, it discovered an image in the water. He saw another dog carrying a piece of meat in its mouth. The dog stopped on the bridge and looked very carefully. He became greedy to get the other piece of meat. In fact, he saw his own image in the clear water of the canal and he took it for another dog. So, he howled at the image. Instantly the piece of meat fell into the water. The dog jumped after the piece of meat. Alas! he failed to get it. He somehow swam to the other bank of the canal and remained unfed.                   Greed brings in disaster Once upon a time greedy dogs steal a piece of meat from a nearby house, and holding it in his mouth he began to cross the river over a narrow bridge. He was singing happily and crossing the river with great excitement of having a good meal.  While doing so he chanced to look down, and saw his own shadow reflected in the clear water of the river. He mistook it for another living dog with a bigger piece of meat. He was tempted to have a second one. As he was so greedy and covetous, he decided to snatch that away from that dog and thought to make a feast with the two. As he thought so he did. While he tried to do that, he dropped done his own piece of meat which was swiftly carried away by the current of the river. Thus, he lost his own meat and got much shocked and passed his day without a meal. Bangla Translation: সব ধরো, সব হারাও: একবার এক কুকুর মাংসের টুকরো চুরি করে নিল একদিন, তীব্র ক্ষুধায় ভোগা একটি কুকুর কাছের একটি মাংসের দোকান থেকে এক টুকরো মাংস চুরি করে নিয়ে গেল। মাংসটি তার চোয়ালে ধরে, কুকুরটি একটি বকবককারী নদীর ধারে দৌড়াতে লাগল। শীঘ্রই, কুকুরটি নদীর উপর দিয়ে বিস্তৃত একটি সেতুর কাছে এসে পৌঁছাল। যাইহোক, সেতুটি অতিক্রম করার সময়, কুকুরটি একটি আকর্ষণীয় দৃশ্যের মুখোমুখি হল: আরেকটি কুকুর, নিজের মুখে একটি রসালো মাংসের টুকরো নিয়ে, বিপরীত দিকে হাঁটছে। আরেকটি সুস্বাদু মাংসের টুকরো পাওয়ার সম্ভাবনায় মুগ্ধ হয়ে, কুকুরটি তার অগ্রগতি থামিয়ে খালের দিকে তীক্ষ্ণ দৃষ্টি নিক্ষেপ করল। অবাক হয়ে, সে নিজের একটি আয়নার মতো প্রতিচ্ছবি দেখতে পেল, যা সে ভুল করে অন্য একটি কুকুর ভেবেছিল। লোভ এবং লোভের অনুভূতিতে জর্জরিত হয়ে, কুকুরটি ছবিটি দেখে চিৎকার করে অন্য মাংসের টুকরোটি অর্জন করার জন্য দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ হল। হায়! নিজের বোকামির ফলে, মাংসের টুকরোটি তার হাত থেকে পিছলে নীচের জলে পড়ে গেল। তার হারানো ধন উদ্ধারের জন্য মরিয়া প্রচেষ্টায়, কুকুরটি জলে ঝাঁপিয়ে পড়ে, কিন্তু তার প্রচেষ্টা ব্যর্থ হয়। ক্লান্ত এবং ক্ষুধার্ত, কুকুরটি অবশেষে খালের বিপরীত তীরে সাঁতার কাটতে সক্ষম হয়, যেখানে সে অভুক্ত এবং হতাশ ছিল। এইভাবে, কুকুরটি একটি মূল্যবান শিক্ষা লাভ করে যে সবকিছু আঁকড়ে ধরার চেষ্টা করলে, সে সবকিছু হারাতে পারে।

Letter Application Model-1 Suppose, you are Munawar Salam, a student of Rajshahi Collegiate School. You-don't have a computer club in your school. Now, ,write an application to your Head teacher to set up a computer club. [DB'17,'12;JB'15.'13,'09; CB'17; C(qB'19; SB20; DjB'09) 13 March 2022 The Headmaster Rajshahi Collegiate School Subject : Request for setting up a Computer Club in the school. Respected Sir, I, on behalf of the students of your school, have the honour to state that we are keenly interested in computer. Though many students of Science Group have taken computer as their main subject, they have no scope to practise computer. Other students also want to be familiar with this revolutionary invention. But our school has not yet taken steps for setting up a computer club. We are also badly in need of an Internet connection in computer as Bangladesh has entered the computer era and access to internet. I, therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to take steps for setting up a computer club to widen the horizon of our knowledge. Yours sincerely, Munawar Salam Class X Section A (Science); Roll No.-1 Model -2 Suppose, you are Munawar Salam, a student of Rajshahi Collegiate School. You-don't have a computer club in your school. Now, write an application to your Head teacher to set up a computer club.               [DB'17,'12;,JB '15,'13, '09; CB'17; C(qB'19; SB 20: DjB'09 13 March 2022 The Headmaster Rajshahi Collegiate School Subject : Request for setting up a Computer Club in the school. Respected Sir, I, on behalf of the students of your school, have the honour to state that we are keenly interested in computer. Though many students of Science Group have taken computer as their main subject, they have no scope to practise computer. Other students also want to be familiar with this revolutionary invention. But our school has not yet taken steps for setting up a computer club. We are also badly in need of an Internet connection in computer as Bangladesh has entered the computer era and access to internet. I, therefore, hope that you would be kind enough to take steps for setting up a computer club to widen the horizon of our knowledge. Yours sincerely, Munawar Salam Class X Section A (Science); Roll Model -3 13 March 2022 The Headmaster, Rajshahi Collegiate School. Subject: Proposal for Establishing a Computer Club Respected Sir, I am writing on behalf of the students of our esteemed institution to express our collective interest in computer science and technology. We observe with enthusiasm the increasing importance of computer literacy in today's world. While some students in the Science Group have opted for computer science as their main subject, there remains a significant gap in practical exposure to computing for the broader student body. Regrettably, our school currently lacks provisions for a dedicated space or platform for students to engage with computers outside of regular academic classes. Furthermore, considering the prevailing technological landscape in Bangladesh, access to the internet is indispensable for staying abreast of advancements and enhancing our learning experience. In light of these considerations, we respectfully request your attention to the establishment of a Computer Club within our school premises. Such a club would serve as a hub for students to explore, experiment, and expand their knowledge and skills in computer science. Additionally, it would facilitate access to the internet, allowing students to harness the vast resources available online for educational and research purposes. We believe that the establishment of a Computer Club would not only meet the current needs of our student body but also align with the broader goal of preparing students for success in the digital age. Thank you for considering our proposal. We eagerly await your response and guidance in this matter. Yours sincerely, Munawar Salam Class X, Section A (Science); Roll No.-1 Model -4 Application to the headmaster for setting up a computer club. 29 January 2015 The Headmaster Dhaka Model High School Dhaka Subject: Application for setting up a computer club. Sir, We, the students of your esteemed school, would like to bring to your attention the absence of a computer club within our institution. In today's era of technological advancement, computers have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. From online research to e-learning, from virtual communication to online shopping, computers are involved in almost every aspect of modern life. A computer club within our school would offer us the opportunity to learn more about computers, which is essential for our future career growth. Furthermore, as a science-oriented school, we have many talented and brilliant students who are interested in pursuing computer science as a profession. A computer club would provide them with the necessary knowledge and skills required to excel in this field. Therefore, we humbly request your kind consideration in establishing a computer club within our school premises. We believe that this initiative will significantly enhance our learning experience and help us prepare for our future endeavors. Thank you for your time and consideration. Your most obedient student Yasir Arafat On behalf of the students of your school Model -5 Write an application to the Headmaster of your school for a computer club in your school. To The Headmaster, SUBSTANTIAL High School, Chittagong. Subject: Prayer for a computer club in our school. Sir, Most respectfully and humbly, we, the students of class VIII / IX / X of your school, would like to draw your kind attention to the following fact for your kind consideration and necessary action. Our school is one of the reputed ones in the district. We have all the modern facilities for learning. But unfortunately in our college we don’t have the scope of learning computer operation which is an indispensable part of modern education. It is an age of science. Computer is the greatest contribution of this age. Every aspect of human life is being influenced by computer. Education without knowledge of computer operation remains incomplete. In these circumstances we urgently feel the need of a computer club in our college. May we, therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to realise the situation and set up a computer club in our school and oblige thereby. We remain Sir, Your most obedient pupils The students of Class VIII Model -6 Suppose, you have no computer club in your school. It is also helpful to increase your knowledge. It will add a new dimension in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster to your school seeking permission to set up a computer club in the school.   5th January, 2021 The Headmaster, Good Morning High School, Lalkhan Bazar, Chittagong. Sub: Prayer for permission to set up a computer club in school. Sir, We, the students of your school, beg to approach you with the prayer and hope that you would be kind enough to grant our case sympathetically. Ours is a very distinguished school. It is a matter of sorrow that we do not have a computer club in our school. A computer club is very helpful to increase our knowledge. There are many promising students in our school who want to express their activities through the computer. The activities of this club will add a new dimension to every sector of education in our school. Under the above circumstances, we earnestly pray that you will be kind enough to permit us to set up a computer club and sanction us a considerable amount of money for this purpose and for which act of your kindness, we shall remain ever grateful to you. We beg to remain, Sir, Your most obedient pupils, Good Morning High School. Model -7 Write an application to the Principal of your college seeking for opening a computer club in your college premises.   May 20, 2021 The Principal, Bagerhat P.O. Govt. College, Bagerhat, Bangladesh. Subject: Request for Establishment of a Computer Club Respected Sir, With due respect and humble submission, I wish to bring to your attention the need for establishing a computer club within our esteemed college premises. Our college holds a distinguished reputation for providing quality education and fostering a culture of excellence, particularly in the realm of cultural activities. While we are fortunate to have access to modern academic amenities, I regret to note the absence of a dedicated space for computer-related activities. In today's digital age, computer science plays a pivotal role in various aspects of our lives. The transformative impact of computers is undeniable, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. Given the increasing importance of computer literacy, it is imperative that we provide our students with opportunities to enhance their knowledge and skills in this field. I am pleased to inform you that computer science is already a part of our curriculum, with many students actively engaged in its study. Therefore, the establishment of a computer club would serve as a valuable resource for furthering our understanding of computer science. Through seminars, discussions, and practical sessions organized by the club, students will have the opportunity to deepen their knowledge and explore new avenues in this dynamic field. Moreover, a computer club would provide a platform for students interested in participating in debate competitions and other events related to computer science. With the support of our dedicated computer teachers, I am confident that the club will foster a vibrant learning environment and contribute to the academic growth of our students. In light of the above, I respectfully request your kind consideration in opening a computer club within our college compound. Such an initiative would undoubtedly enrich the educational experience of our students and prepare them for the challenges of the digital era. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Yours sincerely, Masud, Class: XI, On behalf of the students of Bagerhat P.O. Govt. College. Email

Grapes are Sour   In the vicinity of a village, there existed a dense forest which was home to a plethora of animals. Amongst them, there was a fox that possessed a remarkable level of cunningness. This sly creature had an innate ability to make the most out of any given situation. The farmers residing in the village were quite perturbed by the existence of this fox as it could potentially pilfer their precious hens and cocks at any moment.   On a scorching summer day, while traversing through the forest, the fox found itself in a dire need of water. Despite a thorough search, the fox was unable to locate any water source. However, to its amazement, it spotted a cluster of luscious and succulent grapes hanging down from a branch that was at a considerable height from the ground.   The fox leapt repeatedly, but its attempts to reach the grapes were in vain. With every futile attempt, the fox became hungrier and thirstier, leading to a feeling of weakness. The unfulfilled desire to relish the tantalizing grapes left the fox unhappy and dejected.   In a last-ditch attempt to come to terms with the fact that the grapes were beyond its reach, the fox resorted to consoling itself by reasoning that the grapes were sour and injurious to its health. The fox arrived at the conclusion that contentment with what is attainable is a virtue and that one should not fret over what cannot be achieved easily. Moral : Advanced: The Fox and the Grapes                     There was a dense forest beside a village. There lived different types of animal including  foxes. Among all the animals, one fox was very cunning. It was so clever that it could make the best use of any situation. The farmers of that village were concerned about this fox, because it might steal their hens and cocks at any time without missing any chance.                  It was a hot summer day. That fox was passing through a bush. Beside it, a sparrow was flying. The fox was thirsty and looking for water. But it could not find any source of water. Suddenly it saw a bunch of ripe, juicy grapes hanging down from a branch at a little height from the ground. The fox jumped a little and got the grapes without much trouble. The fox had never tasted grapes before. So he relished the delicious grapes and it felt cool against his thirsty tongue. The fox was very contented and said to himself, “It’s surely a lucky day. I have tasted such wonderful fruits as I never did before.”                 The sparrow now sitting in a nearby tree heard what the fox had said. It said to the fox, “There is a place in this forest where you can find bunches of grapes lying on the ground. If you want I can lead you there and you can eat as much as you like.” The fox felt excited and requested the sparrow to show him that place. In fact, the sparrow wanted to fool him and muttered, “What a fool you would be when you won’t reach the height of the grapes even if you jump again and again!” The cunning fox followed the sparrow and reached the expected place.                Seeing the grapes, which were bigger and juicier, the fox became greedy to have them. But all its expectation went in vain. The grapes were hanging quite high up in the tree the fox jumped over and over again but failed to reach there. Then it began to repent and whispered, “what a mistake I’ve done by trusting in the naughty sparrow. Now I cannot go back to the previous grape tree as I have forgotten the way.” The cunning fox then tried to console himself saying, “The grapes are sour and harmful for health.” So, we ought to keep in mind that everyone should be contented with what he has or what he can get easily. The Fox and the Grapes        Once a fox was very hungry and thirsty. It was a very hot day. But he did not have any food at his hand.  He was roaming in search of food. It became quite a hard day for him. He became disappointed and sat down at the shade of a tree.     But suddenly he saw a vineyard at a corner of the jungle. It was full of ripe grapes. These were hanging from the vine. Seeing the grapes the fox became very glad and said to himself, “How lucky I am! There are so many sweet grapes. I must have some of them to satisfy my hunger.” Saying this he jumped up. But unfortunately the grapes were hanging too high for him to reach. So he could not reach them. He tried again to catch the grapes.  But all of his efforts ended in smoke. When the ray of hope of having the gapes became dimmed, he decided to quit the enterprise and look for food at another place. That is, he was much upset at his failure to get the grapes. At last he consoled himself saying, “Grapes are sour, I don’t like them.” So saying, he left the place. Grapes are Sour: Once a hungry fox was    In the vicinity of a village, there existed a dense forest which was home to a plethora of animals. Amongst them, there was a fox that possessed a remarkable level of cunningness. This sly creature had an innate ability to make the most out of any given situation. The farmers residing in the village were quite perturbed by the existence of this fox as it could potentially pilfer their precious hens and cocks at any moment.   On a scorching summer day, while traversing through the forest, the fox found itself in a dire need of water. Despite a thorough search, the fox was unable to locate any water source. However, to its amazement, it spotted a cluster of luscious and succulent grapes hanging down from a branch that was at a considerable height from the ground.   The fox leapt repeatedly, but its attempts to reach the grapes were in vain. With every futile attempt, the fox became hungrier and thirstier, leading to a feeling of weakness. The unfulfilled desire to relish the tantalizing grapes left the fox unhappy and dejected.   In a last-ditch attempt to come to terms with the fact that the grapes were beyond its reach, the fox resorted to consoling itself by reasoning that the grapes were sour and injurious to its health. The fox arrived at the conclusion that contentment with what is attainable is a virtue and that one should not fret over what cannot be achieved easily.       The Fox and the Grapes                    There was a dense forest beside a village. There lived different types of animal including  foxes. Among all the animals, one fox was very cunning. It was so clever that it could make the best use of any situation. The farmers of that village were concerned about this fox, because it might steal their hens and cocks at any time without missing any chance.                    It was a hot summer day. That fox was passing through a bush. Beside it, a sparrow was flying. The fox was thirsty and looking for water. But it could not find any source of water. Suddenly it saw a bunch of ripe, juicy grapes hanging down from a branch at a little height from the ground. The fox jumped a little and got the grapes without much trouble. The fox had never tasted grapes before. So he relished the delicious grapes and it felt cool against his thirsty tongue. The fox was very contented and said to himself, “It’s surely a lucky day. I have tasted such wonderful fruits as I never did before.”                   The sparrow now sitting in a nearby tree heard what the fox had said. It said to the fox, “There is a place in this forest where you can find bunches of grapes lying on the ground. If you want I can lead you there and you can eat as much as you like.” The fox felt excited and requested the sparrow to show him that place. In fact, the sparrow wanted to fool him and muttered, “What a fool you would be when you won’t reach the height of the grapes even if you jump again and again!” The cunning fox followed the sparrow and reached the expected place.                  Seeing the grapes, which were bigger and juicier, the fox became greedy to have them. But all its expectation went in vain. The grapes were hanging quite high up in the tree the fox jumped over and over again but failed to reach there. Then it began to repent and whispered, “what a mistake I’ve done by trusting in the naughty sparrow. Now I cannot go back to the previous grape tree as I have forgotten the way.” The cunning fox then tried to console himself saying, “The grapes are sour and harmful for health.” So, we ought to keep in mind that everyone should be contented with what he has or what he can get easily. Grapes Are Sour Story Once upon a time, in a big forest, there was living a fox. It was a very hot day, and the fox was feeling very hungry and thirsty. He start looking for something to eat and drink, but no matter how hard he looking, he couldn’t find any food. He walk around the forest for a long time, and his stomach was making noise because he was so hungry. He feel tired but kept hoping to find something to eat. Finally, after searching for a long time, the fox found some  grapes  hanging from a tree. The  grapes  look big and juicy, but they are too high up. The fox got excited when he see the  grapes . He said to himself, Wow, these  grapes  look so tasty! this is the best food for me right now. He really wanted to eat them. But there was one big problem—this  grapes  were hanging too high. The fox couldn’t reach them. He tried jumping up to get this  grapes . He jumped again and again, but no matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t get them. After trying for a long time, the fox became really tired. He feel sad because he couldn’t get the  grapes . Finally, he give up. when he walk away, feeling upset, the fox said to himself, Those  grapes  are probably bad, anyway. I don’t want them anymore.   The Fox and the Grapes                  There was a dense forest beside a village. There lived different types of animal including  foxes. Among all the animals, one fox was very cunning. It was so clever that it could make the best use of any situation. The farmers of that village were concerned about this fox, because it might steal their hens and cocks at any time without missing any chance.                  It was a hot summer day. That fox was passing through a bush. Beside it, a sparrow was flying. The fox was thirsty and looking for water. But it could not find any source of water. Suddenly it saw a bunch of ripe, juicy grapes hanging down from a branch at a little height from the ground. The fox jumped a little and got the grapes without much trouble. The fox had never tasted grapes before. So he relished the delicious grapes and it felt cool against his thirsty tongue. The fox was very contented and said to himself, “It’s surely a lucky day. I have tasted such wonderful fruits as I never did before.”                 The sparrow now sitting in a nearby tree heard what the fox had said. It said to the fox, “There is a place in this forest where you can find bunches of grapes lying on the ground. If you want I can lead you there and you can eat as much as you like.” The fox felt excited and requested the sparrow to show him that place. In fact, the sparrow wanted to fool him and muttered, “What a fool you would be when you won’t reach the height of the grapes even if you jump again and again!” The cunning fox followed the sparrow and reached the expected place.                Seeing the grapes, which were bigger and juicier, the fox became greedy to have them. But all its expectation went in vain. The grapes were hanging quite high up in the tree the fox jumped over and over again but failed to reach there. Then it began to repent and whispered, “what a mistake I’ve done by trusting in the naughty sparrow. Now I cannot go back to the previous grape tree as I have forgotten the way.” The cunning fox then tried to console himself saying, “The grapes are sour and harmful for health.” So, we ought to keep in mind that everyone should be contented with what he has or what he can get easily. The Fox and the Grapes Once a fox was very hungry. He was roaming in search of food. He came to a viney4rd. It was full of ripe grapes. These were hanging from the vine. Seeing the grapes, the fox said to himself, "How lucky I am ! There are so many sweet grapes. I must have some of them to satisfy my hunger." Saying this he jumped up again and again. But unfortunately the grapes were hanging very high up. So he would not reach them by any means. He tried again and again but all his efforts (trying or attempts) ended in smoke. That is, he was much disappointed at his failure to get the grapes. At last he consoled himself saying, "Grapes are sour, I don't like them." So saying, he left the place. Moral : Grapes are sour.   The Fox and the Grapes Once a fox was very hungry. He was roaming in search of food. He came to a viney4rd. It was full of ripe grapes. These were hanging from the vine. Seeing the grapes, the fox said to himself, "How lucky I am ! There are so many sweet grapes. I must have some of them to satisfy my hunger." Saying this he jumped up again and again. But unfortunately the grapes were hanging very high up. So he would not reach them by any means. He tried again and again but all his efforts (trying or attempts) ended in smoke. That is, he was much disappointed at his failure to get the grapes. At last he consoled himself saying, "Grapes are sour, I don't like them." So saying, he left the place. Moral : Grapes are sour. The Fox and the Grapes Once a fox was very hungry and thirsty. It was a very hot day. But he did not have any food at his hand.  He was roaming in search of food. It became quite a hard day for him. He became disappointed and sat down at the shade of a tree. But suddenly he saw a vineyard at a corner of the jungle. It was full of ripe grapes. These were hanging from the vine. Seeing the grapes the fox became very glad and said to himself, “How lucky I am! There are so many sweet grapes. I must have some of them to satisfy my hunger.” Saying this he jumped up. But unfortunately the grapes were hanging too high for him to reach. So he could not reach them. He tried again to catch the grapes.  But all of his efforts ended in smoke. When the ray of hope of having the gapes became dimmed, he decided to quit the enterprise and look for food at another place. That is, he was much upset at his failure to get the grapes. At last he consoled himself saying, “Grapes are sour, I don’t like them.” So saying, he left the place. Bangla Translation: শিয়াল এবং আঙ্গুর একটি গ্রামের পাশে একটি ঘন জঙ্গল ছিল। সেখানে শিয়াল সহ বিভিন্ন ধরণের প্রাণী বাস করত। সমস্ত প্রাণীর মধ্যে, একটি শিয়াল ছিল অত্যন্ত ধূর্ত। এটি এত চালাক ছিল যে এটি যেকোনো পরিস্থিতির সর্বোত্তম ব্যবহার করতে পারত। সেই গ্রামের কৃষকরা এই শিয়াল সম্পর্কে উদ্বিগ্ন ছিল, কারণ এটি যেকোনো সময় তাদের মুরগি এবং মোরগ চুরি করতে পারে এবং কোনও সুযোগ হাতছাড়া করতে পারে না। গ্রীষ্মের দিন ছিল। শিয়ালটি একটি ঝোপের মধ্য দিয়ে যাচ্ছিল। তার পাশে একটি চড়ুই উড়ে যাচ্ছিল। শিয়ালটি তৃষ্ণার্ত ছিল এবং জল খুঁজছিল। কিন্তু সে জলের কোনও উৎস খুঁজে পেল না। হঠাৎ সে দেখতে পেল যে মাটি থেকে কিছুটা উঁচুতে একটি ডাল থেকে একগুচ্ছ পাকা, রসালো আঙ্গুর ঝুলছে। শিয়ালটি একটু লাফিয়ে লাফিয়ে খুব কষ্ট ছাড়াই আঙ্গুর খেয়ে ফেলল। শিয়াল আগে কখনও আঙ্গুরের স্বাদ গ্রহণ করেনি। তাই সে সুস্বাদু আঙ্গুরের স্বাদ গ্রহণ করল এবং তার তৃষ্ণার্ত জিভের কাছে এটি ঠান্ডা অনুভূত হয়েছিল। শিয়াল খুব সন্তুষ্ট হয়ে নিজেকে বলল, "নিশ্চয়ই আজ একটা ভাগ্যবান দিন। আমি এত সুন্দর ফলের স্বাদ আগে কখনও খাইনি।" কাছের গাছে বসে থাকা চড়ুইটি শিয়ালটির কথা শুনেছিল। সে শিয়ালকে বলল, "এই বনে এমন একটা জায়গা আছে যেখানে তুমি মাটিতে আঙ্গুরের থোকা দেখতে পাও। তুমি চাইলে আমি তোমাকে সেখানে নিয়ে যেতে পারি এবং তুমি যত খুশি খেতে পারো।" শিয়াল উত্তেজিত হয়ে চড়ুইটিকে অনুরোধ করল যেন সে জায়গাটা তাকে দেখিয়ে দেয়। আসলে, চড়ুইটি তাকে বোকা বানাতে চেয়েছিল এবং বিড়বিড় করে বলেছিল, "তুমি যখন বারবার লাফিয়ে লাফিয়েও আঙ্গুরের উচ্চতায় পৌঁছাবে না, তখন তুমি কত বোকা হবে!" ধূর্ত শিয়াল চড়ুইয়ের পিছনে পিছনে গিয়ে প্রত্যাশিত জায়গায় পৌঁছে গেল। বড় এবং রসালো আঙ্গুর দেখে, শিয়াল সেগুলো পাওয়ার জন্য লোভী হয়ে উঠল। কিন্তু তার সমস্ত আশা ব্যর্থ হয়ে গেল। গাছে আঙ্গুরগুলো বেশ উঁচুতে ঝুলছিল, শিয়াল বারবার লাফিয়ে লাফিয়ে সেখানে পৌঁছাতে ব্যর্থ হল। তারপর সে অনুতপ্ত হয়ে ফিসফিসিয়ে বলতে লাগল, “দুষ্টু চড়ুইয়ের উপর বিশ্বাস করে আমি কী ভুল করেছি। এখন আমি আগের আঙ্গুর গাছে ফিরে যেতে পারছি না কারণ আমি পথ ভুলে গেছি।” ধূর্ত শিয়াল তখন নিজেকে সান্ত্বনা দেওয়ার চেষ্টা করে বলল, “আঙ্গুরগুলো টক এবং স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ক্ষতিকর।” তাই, আমাদের মনে রাখা উচিত যে প্রত্যেকেরই তার যা আছে বা যা সে সহজেই পেতে পারে তাতেই সন্তুষ্ট থাকা উচিত।

Failure is the pillar of Success It was long since Robert Bruce had been the king of Scotland. He was a good ruler and a brave warrior. He loved freedom. Scotland was then under the domination of England. Robert Bruce wanted to gain freedom of his country and fought against the English. He met the English soldiers in six battles one by one. But he was defeated each time. At last, he lost heart and gave up the hope of success. Robert Bruce was dethroned. His enemies were trying to capture him. He became a fugitive. He roamed about in search of a shelter. He was moving in hills and forests. At last, he took shelter a cave. One day the king was lying in the cave. He thought and thought over his misfortune. At that moment, he found a spider trying to reach the ceiling. His attention was drawn to the repeated efforts of the spider. It was trying hard again and again. The spider crawled up a few inches and then dropped on its silken thread. But it did not give up its attempts. It tried again and again and on the seventh time it began successful. The sight of the spider encouraged the king. He thought the spider was not disheartened in spite of repeated failure. But it went on trying and again and again, and at last it came out successful. It raised a new hope in the king. He came out of the cave and began to gather forces. In his last effort, he came out successful. Scotland was at last free. From the story it is proved that patience and repeated endeavours can bring anyone success. Failure is the pillar of success   It has been quite some time since Robert Bruce reigned as king of Scotland. He was known for his valiant leadership as a ruler and a warrior. He had an ardent love for freedom, as Scotland was then under the oppressive rule of England. Robert Bruce aimed to gain the independence of his country and engaged in six battles with the English army, one after the other. However, despite his best efforts, he was defeated each time. His spirit became disheartened, and he lost hope of success. Ultimately, he was dethroned, and his enemies were determined to capture him. Robert Bruce became a fugitive, wandering aimlessly in search of refuge in hills and forests until he finally sought shelter in a cave.   One day, while lying in the cave, Robert Bruce reflected on his misfortunes. Suddenly, he observed a spider attempting to climb to the ceiling. He watched intently as the spider tried to crawl up, only to fall down on its silken thread a few inches up. But the spider did not give up. Instead, it continued to try and try again. On its seventh attempt, the spider finally succeeded in reaching the top. Robert Bruce was struck by the spider's persistence and determination. Despite repeated failures, the spider remained undeterred, never losing hope, and ultimately achieving its goal.   This sight of the spider invigorated Robert Bruce, filling him with a renewed sense of hope. He realized that success could be achieved through patience and repeated efforts. He emerged from the cave, gathering his forces for one final attempt. With persistence and perseverance, Robert Bruce was ultimately successful, and Scotland was finally freed from English rule. This story exemplifies how failures and setbacks can ultimately lead to success and that perseverance and determination are key to achieving one's goals.       Moral :                                King Robert Bruce and the Spider              Once upon a time there was a king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He was a great king. His subjects loved him very much. He ruled over his country with popularity, good name and fame. But owing to bad luck he lost his kingdom. Once his enemies fought against him and drove him away from his kingdom.                The king with his many faithful soldiers and subjects went to a forest and took shelter in a cave. He did not sit idle there. He formed a troop and attacked his enemies again and again. He fought bravely several battles to regain his country’s freedom but was each time defeated.                He attacked his enemies about six times. Naturally he was very sad. He became hopeless and decided not to fight. One day he was lying in a cave in a pensive mood. Then he could see a spider trying hard to reach the ceiling of the cave with the help of its silken thread to complete the cobweb. The spider tried again and again to go up but dropped down every time. Six attempts made by the spider failed one after another. But still it did not give up the struggle and went on trying. Bruce observed the spider with keen interest and saw that the seventh attempt of the spider succeeded. The perseverance of the spider encouraged Bruce. He saw a ray of hope. He took a lesson from the spider that perseverance is the key to all success.                Filled with new hope he brought together his scattered forces and faced his enemies once more with renewed energy. This time he became successful to defeat them and regained his lost kingdom. Failure is the pillar of success. Robert Bruce was the king of Scotland. He reigned over the country well and his subjects were happy under his rule. But the greedy king of England tried to grab his territory and rob the independence of his countrymen. The English soldiers attacked Scotland and Robert Bruce withstood the enemy with all his forces. He tried his best to uphold the independence of his country and safeguard its liberty and glory. Unfortunately, the situation was not favourable for him. After repeated defeats he had to retreat in despair and take shelter in a lonely cave. He passed some days there and in utter despair was thinking of giving up the struggle. Just at that time, he saw that a spider was trying to climb up to the roof of the cave. The spider failed again and again, but it did not give up its attempts. Thus it tried six times. Still it tried again. In the next attempt the spider succeeded in climbing up to the roof. Observing this, Bruce was inspired. He thought of fighting with the enemies again with a renewed vigour. He collected his faithful followers once more and attacked his enemies. This time the king and his men fought so bravely for the freedom of their country that the enemies were defeated. The king recovered his lost kingdom. Moral : Patience and perseverance leads to success Complete the following story following the cue : Once upon a time, there was a king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He was a great king. His subjects loved him very much. He ruled over the country with popularity. His name and fame spread to many countries. But ........................ Ans.                          Perseverance of Robert Bruce Once upon a time, there was a king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He was a great king. His subjects loved him very much. He ruled over the country with popularity. His name and fame spread to many countries. But owing to bad luck, the famous king lost his kingdom to his enemies. However, he didn't lose heart. He wished to regain his large kingdom from the cruel hands of his enemies at any cost. He collected troops and attacked his enemies again, but he was defeated. The king lost heart and gave up hope of success. He took shelter in the cave of a mountain and was thinking over his misfortune. One day, while he was lying in the cave, he found a spider trying to reach the ceiling. It tried again and again but could not reach the ceiling. However, it continued its efforts and, at last, it was successful on the seventh attempt. The perseverance of the spider inspired the king. He collected his troops again, attacked his enemies, and regained his kingdom. Thus, Scotland was freed at last. This story is remarkable for its lesson: we can achieve the impossible through perseverance. A man possessing this great quality must shine in life and lead a prosperous and decent life. Moral : Patience and perseverance leads to success Failure is the Pillar of Success Story Once upon a time there was a king in  Scotland   name  Robert Bruce . He loved his country and his people, and they love him too. But one day, enemie attack his kingdom, and he have to run away. He found a cave and sit there, feeling very sad and tired. Robert  want to get his kingdom back, so he tried to fight his enemies. He try six times, but each time he failed. Even after the seventh try, he still couldn’t win. He was very upset and thinking he was never be success. when siting in the cave,  Robert  saw a small spider trying to climb the cave wall. The spider tried to climb up but fell down again and again. It try seven times and failed each time, just like the king. But on the eighth try, the spider finally made it to the top. Seeing this,  Robert Bruce  feel hopeful again.  Robert Bruce  thinking If the little spider didn’t give up, why should He give up? So, he decided to try one more time. This time, he fight hard and won. He got his kingdom back and he learn that if you don’t give up, you can win, even after many failure. King Robert Bruce and the Spider              Once upon a time there was a king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He was a great king. His subjects loved him very much. He ruled over his country with popularity, good name and fame. But owing to bad luck he lost his kingdom. Once his enemies fought against him and drove him away from his kingdom.              The king with his many faithful soldiers and subjects went to a forest and took shelter in a cave. He did not sit idle there. He formed a troop and attacked his enemies again and again. He fought bravely several battles to regain his country’s freedom but was each time defeated.              He attacked his enemies about six times. Naturally he was very sad. He became hopeless and decided not to fight. One day he was lying in a cave in a pensive mood. Then he could see a spider trying hard to reach the ceiling of the cave with the help of its silken thread to complete the cobweb. The spider tried again and again to go up but dropped down every time. Six attempts made by the spider failed one after another. But still it did not give up the struggle and went on trying. Bruce observed the spider with keen interest and saw that the seventh attempt of the spider succeeded. The perseverance of the spider encouraged Bruce. He saw a ray of hope. He took a lesson from the spider that perseverance is the key to all success.              Filled with new hope he brought together his scattered forces and faced his enemies once more with renewed energy. This time he became successful to defeat them and regained his lost kingdom. Failure is the pillar of success/ Perseverance is the Key to Success: Robert Bruce, king of Scotland     It has been quite some time since Robert Bruce reigned as king of Scotland. He was known for his valiant leadership as a ruler and a warrior. He had an ardent love for freedom, as Scotland was then under the oppressive rule of England. Robert Bruce aimed to gain the independence of his country and engaged in six battles with the English army, one after the other. However, despite his best efforts, he was defeated each time. His spirit became disheartened, and he lost hope of success. Ultimately, he was dethroned, and his enemies were determined to capture him. Robert Bruce became a fugitive, wandering aimlessly in search of refuge in hills and forests until he finally sought shelter in a cave.   One day, while lying in the cave, Robert Bruce reflected on his misfortunes. Suddenly, he observed a spider attempting to climb to the ceiling. He watched intently as the spider tried to crawl up, only to fall down on its silken thread a few inches up. But the spider did not give up. Instead, it continued to try and try again. On its seventh attempt, the spider finally succeeded in reaching the top. Robert Bruce was struck by the spider's persistence and determination. Despite repeated failures, the spider remained undeterred, never losing hope, and ultimately achieving its goal.   This sight of the spider invigorated Robert Bruce, filling him with a renewed sense of hope. He realized that success could be achieved through patience and repeated efforts. He emerged from the cave, gathering his forces for one final attempt. With persistence and perseverance, Robert Bruce was ultimately successful, and Scotland was finally freed from English rule. This story exemplifies how failures and setbacks can ultimately lead to success and that perseverance and determination are key to achieving one's goals.   Robert Bruce Long, long ago there was a king in Scotland. His name was Robert Bruce. He was a very good king. He loved his country and his subjects very dearly. His subjects also had a great love and respect for him.  Once his enemies made a plot against him. They fought against him and drove him away. The king went to a forest and took shelter in an old fort. Many of his faithful subjects joined him there. The king did not sit idle there. He formed a troop. He attacked his enemies again and again. But every time he was defeated. He had no hope of getting back his kingdom. One day the king was lying in the fort. He cast eyes on the wall and saw a spider. It was climbing up the wall. It was trying to reach the roof. But it fell down the smooth wall. Yet it did not give up its attempt. It tried again. On the eighth attempt it succeeded. The king took a lesson from the spider. He revived his hope and got back his courage. With a firm resolve he attacked his enemies once again. This time, he defeated his enemies and got his lost kingdom. The King and the Spider There was a good king in Scotland named Robert Bruce. He loved very dearly his country and his subjects. His subjects had a great love and respect for him too. Once his enemies es fought against him and drove him away from his kingdom. The king with some of his faithful soldiers and subjects went to a forest and took shelter in an old fort. The king did not sit idle there. He formed an army and attacked his enemies again and again. He attacked his enemies about seven times. But all the times he was defeated. Being defeated so many times, he became hopeless and decided not to fight. One day the king was lying in the fort in a gloomy mood. Suddenly a spider attracted his eyes. It was trying to climb the roof. But it fell down every time. Yet it did not give up its attempt and on the eight attempt it succeeded. The king took a lesson from the spider that perseverance is the key to all success. He made up his mind again and with a firm determination he attacked his enemies once again. This time he defeated his enemies and got back his lost kingdom. Bangla Translation: রাজা রবার্ট ব্রুস এবং মাকড়সা একসময় স্কটল্যান্ডে একজন রাজা ছিলেন।  তার নাম ছিল রবার্ট ব্রুস। তিনি একজন মহান রাজা ছিলেন। তার প্রজারা তাকে খুব ভালোবাসত। তিনি জনপ্রিয়তা, সুনাম এবং খ্যাতির সাথে তার দেশ শাসন করতেন। কিন্তু দুর্ভাগ্যের কারণে তিনি তার রাজ্য হারান। একবার তার শত্রুরা তার বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ করে তাকে তার রাজ্য থেকে তাড়িয়ে দেয়।  রাজা তার অনেক বিশ্বস্ত সৈন্য এবং প্রজাদের নিয়ে একটি বনে গিয়ে একটি গুহায় আশ্রয় নেন। তিনি সেখানে অলস বসে থাকেননি। তিনি একটি সৈন্যদল গঠন করে বারবার তার শত্রুদের আক্রমণ করেন। তিনি তার দেশের স্বাধীনতা পুনরুদ্ধারের জন্য সাহসিকতার সাথে বেশ কয়েকটি যুদ্ধ করেছিলেন কিন্তু প্রতিবারই পরাজিত হন।  তিনি প্রায় ছয়বার তার শত্রুদের আক্রমণ করেছিলেন। স্বাভাবিকভাবেই তিনি খুব দুঃখিত ছিলেন। তিনি হতাশ হয়ে পড়েন এবং যুদ্ধ না করার সিদ্ধান্ত নেন। একদিন তিনি চিন্তামগ্ন অবস্থায় একটি গুহায় শুয়ে ছিলেন। তারপর সে দেখতে পেল একটি মাকড়সা তার রেশমী সুতোর সাহায্যে গুহার ছাদে পৌঁছানোর জন্য আপ্রাণ চেষ্টা করছে। মাকড়সা বারবার উপরে ওঠার চেষ্টা করেছিল কিন্তু প্রতিবারই পড়ে গিয়েছিল। মাকড়সার একের পর এক ছয়টি প্রচেষ্টা ব্যর্থ হয়েছিল। তবুও সে হাল ছাড়েনি এবং চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যায়। ব্রুস গভীর আগ্রহের সাথে মাকড়সাটিকে পর্যবেক্ষণ করে দেখে যে মাকড়সার সপ্তম প্রচেষ্টা সফল হয়েছে। মাকড়সার অধ্যবসায় ব্রুসকে উৎসাহিত করেছিল। সে আশার আলো দেখতে পেয়েছিল। সে মাকড়সার কাছ থেকে শিক্ষা নিয়েছিল যে অধ্যবসায় সকল সাফল্যের চাবিকাঠি।  নতুন আশায় ভরপুর সে তার ছড়িয়ে ছিটিয়ে থাকা বাহিনীকে একত্রিত করে এবং নতুন শক্তি নিয়ে আবারও তার শত্রুদের মুখোমুখি হয়। এবার সে তাদের পরাজিত করতে সফল হয় এবং তার হারানো রাজ্য ফিরে পায়।

The following is the beginning of a story. Complete it in your own words. Rima. is a girl of HSC 1st year at a renowned college. In the month of February, she was eagerly waiting to join a 'Book Fair' but her parents interrupted her....   SB '19 Ans. Convincing Parents with Reason Diana is a girl of HSC 1st year at a renowned college. In the month of February, she was eagerly waiting to join a 'Book Fair' but Rima's parents interrupted her, questioning why she wanted to work at the fair when she could simply attend as a visitor. They suggested she could enjoy the fair, buy books, and be a reader without the need to work. Rima countered, explaining that working at the book fair would provide her with valuable learning opportunities. She pointed out that the fair was a gathering place for authors, publishers, readers, and critics, where she could gain insights into the world of literature. However, her parents expressed concerns about her studies and safety. They worried that working at the fair would take up too much of her time and that returning home alone at night might not be safe. Rima reassured them, explaining that the fair started at 3 o'clock, allowing her to complete her studies beforehand. She also mentioned that some of her friends would be joining her, so she wouldn't be returning home alone. Moreover, Rima highlighted the benefits of working at the fair, such as gaining valuable experience for her future career and learning the importance of labor by earning a wage. After considering her arguments, her parents realized the value of her decision and ultimately allowed her to work at the fair. Grateful for their understanding, Rima expressed her thanks to them.

Paragraph Writing Banning of Polythene Bags: A Step to Avert Hazard The banning of polybags has become a crucial environmental step in many countries, including Bangladesh, due to the severe impact they have on the environment. Polybags are made from plastic, which is non-biodegradable, meaning they do not break down naturally over time. This leads to severe pollution as these bags remain in landfills, rivers, and oceans for hundreds of years. In urban areas, polybags often clog drainage systems, contributing to waterlogging and flooding. Additionally, animals may mistake these bags for food and ingest them, causing harm or even death. To address these issues, Bangladesh has implemented a ban on the production, sale, and use of plastic bags in many places. This initiative is aimed at reducing the pollution caused by polybags and protecting the environment.   As  a result of the ban, many people in Bangladesh are turning to more sustainable alternatives, such as reusable cloth bags, paper bags, and biodegradable packaging materials. These alternatives are not only better for the environment but also reduce the waste that accumulates from single-use plastic bags. The ban has encouraged people to be more mindful of their environmental impact, promoting eco-friendly practices in daily life. However, enforcing the ban has proven challenging, especially in rural areas and smaller shops where polybags are still commonly used. There is also a need for more public awareness campaigns to educate people about the harmful effects of plastic waste and the importance of adopting alternatives.   In  conclusion, the banning of polybags is a necessary action to protect the environment. While the ban has been a step in the right direction, continued efforts are required to ensure its success. Public awareness, better enforcement, and the use of eco-friendly alternatives will play a vital role in reducing plastic pollution and creating a cleaner, safer environment. Banning of Polythene Bags: A Step to Avert Hazard The menace of polythene is regarded as a threat to our environment because it cannot be burned or destroyed. It is a matter of congratulation that Bangladesh Government has banned polythene bags at length. People were demanding to stop the production, uses and black-marketing of polythene bags. At last in a meeting, presided over by the Prime Minister in the presence of the Environment and Forest Minister, this decision was taken. In this decision it was banned firstly from Dhaka City from 01 January 2002 and from 01 March from the whole country. On an average, 6 million polythene bags were being used everyday only in Dhaka City. About eighty percent of these bags were thrown out into dustbin. Forty percent of these polythene bags find their way into the drain, sewerage line and manhole. As polythene remains unchanged like a strong curtain through which nothing can pass, the dirty water of drains and manhole is overflowed. As aresult, water clogs stagnantly in different places. About 5 million pieces of jute-bags were marketed as alternative immediate after the banning of polythene bags. These bags cost five to seven taka per piece. BJMC also delivers jute bags costing taka two only. After a few days multitude bags are marketed. People are now able to carry these bags in pocket. All types of polythene bags have many disadvantages. It cannot be mixed with soil and thus the fertility of cultivable land is lessened. It spreads skin diseases and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Besides, air is polluted while burning these polythene bags. It also causes some serious chronic diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. We should avoid using as well as producing polythene bags as early as possible with a view to liberating our natural environment from their disadvantages. The specialists think that it may take time to ensure not using the polythene bags anywhere. Now it has been a burning question for us all that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polythene bags for our own betterment as soon as possible. Composition / Essay Writing BANNING OF POLYBAGS Chemically polythene is a polymer of ethylene of high molecular weight. The plastic quality of polythene made it suitable for producing bags, which are light in weight, durable, waterproof, low cost and easy to use for varied purpose. Polythene is largely used for packaging purpose and most widely used for carrying shopping items. But there are many problems of using polybags.   There is risk of food-stuff getting contaminated when wrapped in coloured polythene. Polythene may cause dermatitis due to prolonged contact with skin. Polythene is not biodegradable, it lowers the fertility of the soil, blocks the urban sewerage system and cause siltation in the waterways. When burnt, polythene materials produce substance like hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic chemical. The thrown away polybags remain in the soil for years together without degradation. Air and water cannot pass early into the soil due to presence of non-porous polythene. Soil also is not recharged with nutrients, as it remains deprived from sufficient sunlight due to presence of polythene in the ground. Thus the soil fertility is reduced causing decline in agricultural production. Scientists have time and again warned that waste polythene bags are responsible for causing water stagnation in the drains, ditches and pot-holes here and there. Such stagnant water provides a good breeding ground for the mosquitoes resulting in increased incidences of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue, and encephalitis. Polythene also causes adverse impact on animal life and the biodiversity. Domestic animals often ingest polythene bags containing organic waste or foodstuff. It may cause intestinal obstruction and death in certain cases. Scavenger birds like the crows find it difficult to collect food from the dustbin and disposal sites if the domestic waste is disposed of in polybags. The organic waste thrown in ploybags and obstructs the organic substance from getting transformed to plant chain.   To the utter relief of the citizens, the government finally ordered a ban on the use and marketing of polythene shopping bags throughout the country with effect from March 1, 2002. It is encouraging that the decision of the government was highly appreciated and welcomed by the citizens particularly the advocacy groups who continued persistent campaign against polythene.     Banning of Polybags or, Problems of Polybags Polybags are the major source of pollution. Polybags are such kind of bags as 'are made of polythene became very popular with us. The use of polythene is a threat to our environment and has become a social problem. It is a matter of joy that the Govt. has at last banned polybags. People were demanding to stop the production, use and marketing of polybags. Both the Prime Minister and minister for the Environment and Forest took the decision to ban polybags in the meeting. According to the decision, it is banned firstly from Dhaka city from 1st January, 2002 and from 1st March from the entire country. On an average 60 lac polybags were being used everyday only in Dhaka city. Most of the used polybags were thrown out here and there. Then the polybags block- sewerage pipes and the regular flow of the drain water, which results in the complete disruption of the drainage system.   Many low-lying areas in the cities frequently go under water because of the polythene bags. For instance, we can recall the longest lasting flood in 1998. Flood water remained in many parts of Dhaka for over two months. It is also a great threat to our cultivable land. Whenever these polybags go inside the cultivable land, it reduces less its fertility and crops do not grow in such lands. Polybags remain unchanged like a curtain through which nothing can pass. It can not mix with soil. It spreads skin disease and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Air is polluted while these polybags are being burned. It also causes some serious diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. On the contrary, our traditional jute and cloth bags have lost their market because of the uses of polythene. However, it is a burning question for us that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polybags immediately and keep our environment free from polybags. THE PROBLEMS OF USING POLYBAGS Chemically polythene is a polymer of ethylene of high molecular weight. It is a thermoplastic material which when heated gets softened due to weakening of intermolecular forces and thus melts. On cooling, the melted molecules get solidified again. The plastic quality of polythene made it suitable for producing bags, which are light in weight, durable, waterproof, low cost and easy to use for varied purpose. Polythene is largely used for packaging purpose and most widely used for carrying shopping items. Polythene was developed as chemical compound in the US in the middle of last century. The production and marketing however, started in 1985 in the USA while it was introduced in Bangladesh in 1982.   Survey reports showed that the daily use of polythene shopping bags was as high as 9 million pieces throughout the country while the largest number of 6 million pieces was used in Dhaka city alone. It cost Bangladesh taka about 1000 million in foreign currency is to import raw material.   The manufacturing process of polythene does not yield complete polymerization but create different kinds of monomeric vinyl chlorides. According to scientists, heavy concentration of vinyl chlorides is highly toxic. Most of the brightly coloured polythene bags contain agents like lead and cadmium. There is risk of food-stuff getting contaminated when wrapped in coloured polythene. Polythene may cause dermatitis due to prolonged contact with skin. Since polythene is not biodegradable, it lowers the fertility of the soil, blocks the urban sewerage system and cause siltation in the waterways. When burnt, polythene materials produce substance like hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic chemical.   The thrown away polybags remain in the soil for years together without degradation. Air and water cannot pass early into the soil due to presence of non-porous polythene. Soil also is not recharged with nutrients, as it remains deprived from sufficient sunlight due to presence of polythene in the ground. Thus the soil fertility is reduced causing decline in agricultural production.   Scientists have time and again warned that waste polythene bags are responsible for causing water stagnation in the drains, ditches and potholes here and there. Such stagnant water provides a good breeding ground for the mosquitoes resulting in increased incidences of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue, and encephalitis. Polythene also causes adverse impact on animal life and the biodiversity. Domestic animals often ingest polythene bags containing organic waste or foodstuff. It may cause intestinal obstruction and death in certain cases.   Scavenger birds like the crows find it difficult to collect food from the dustbin and disposal sites if the domestic waste is disposed of in polybags. The organic waste thrown in polybags and obstructs the organic substance from getting transformed to plant chain. To the utter relief of the citizens, the government finally ordered a ban on the use and marketing of polythene shopping bags throughout the country with effect from March 1, 2002. Earlier, a partial ban came into effect in Dhaka from January 1 this year. It is encouraging that the decision of the government was highly appreciated and welcomed by the citizens particularly the advocacy groups who continued persistent campaign against polythene.     Composition / Essay Writing Banning of Polybags The banning of polybags, or plastic bags, has become an important environmental issue in many countries, including Bangladesh. Polybags are widely used for shopping, packaging, and carrying goods due to their low cost and convenience. However, their impact on the environment has raised serious concerns. Polybags are made from plastic, which is non-biodegradable, meaning they do not break down naturally in the environment. As a result, they remain in landfills and the natural world for hundreds of years, causing pollution and harming wildlife. In Bangladesh, the government has taken steps to reduce the use of plastic bags by banning their production, sale, and use in many areas. This is a response to the increasing pollution caused by polybags, especially in urban areas. Plastic bags often end up in rivers and waterways, blocking drainage systems and contributing to waterlogging. They are also dangerous to animals, who may mistake them for food and ingest them, leading to injury or death. The ban on polybags has encouraged the use of alternatives, such as reusable cloth bags, paper bags, and eco-friendly packaging materials. These alternatives are better for the environment as they are biodegradable and can be used multiple times. Many people in Bangladesh are now more aware of the importance of reducing plastic waste and are making efforts to adopt more sustainable practices. While the ban is a positive step toward protecting the environment, challenges remain in enforcing it, especially in rural areas and smaller shops. Public awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of the law are needed to ensure that the ban on polybags is effective and sustainable. In conclusion, banning polybags is an important action to protect the environment. It reduces pollution, protects wildlife, and promotes the use of eco-friendly alternatives. Bangla Translation পলিথিন ব্যাগ নিষিদ্ধ করা: বিপদ এড়ানোর একটি পদক্ষেপ পলিব্যাগ নিষিদ্ধ করা একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরিবেশগত পদক্ষেপ হয়ে উঠেছে, বাংলাদেশসহ অনেক দেশে, পরিবেশের উপর তাদের মারাত্মক প্রভাবের কারণে। পলিব্যাগগুলি প্লাস্টিক থেকে তৈরি করা হয়, যা নন-বায়োডিগ্রেডেবল, অর্থাৎ সময়ের সাথে সাথে প্রাকৃতিকভাবে ভেঙ্গে যায় না। এটি মারাত্মক দূষণের দিকে পরিচালিত করে কারণ এই ব্যাগগুলি শত শত বছর ধরে ল্যান্ডফিল, নদী এবং মহাসাগরে থাকে। শহরাঞ্চলে, পলিব্যাগগুলি প্রায়শই নিষ্কাশন ব্যবস্থাকে আটকে রাখে, জলাবদ্ধতা এবং বন্যায় অবদান রাখে। উপরন্তু, প্রাণীরা এই ব্যাগগুলিকে খাবারের জন্য ভুল করতে পারে এবং সেগুলিকে গ্রাস করতে পারে, ক্ষতি বা এমনকি মৃত্যুর কারণ হতে পারে। এসব সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্য বাংলাদেশ অনেক জায়গায় প্লাস্টিকের ব্যাগ উৎপাদন, বিক্রি ও ব্যবহারে নিষেধাজ্ঞা জারি করেছে। পলিব্যাগের কারণে সৃষ্ট দূষণ কমানো এবং পরিবেশ রক্ষার লক্ষ্যেই এই উদ্যোগ। নিষেধাজ্ঞার ফলে, বাংলাদেশের অনেক মানুষ আরও টেকসই বিকল্পের দিকে ঝুঁকছে, যেমন পুনঃব্যবহারযোগ্য কাপড়ের ব্যাগ, কাগজের ব্যাগ এবং বায়োডিগ্রেডেবল প্যাকেজিং উপকরণ। এই বিকল্পগুলি শুধুমাত্র পরিবেশের জন্যই ভালো নয় বরং একক-ব্যবহারের প্লাস্টিকের ব্যাগ থেকে জমে থাকা বর্জ্যও কমিয়ে দেয়। নিষেধাজ্ঞাটি মানুষকে তাদের পরিবেশগত প্রভাব সম্পর্কে আরও সচেতন হতে উত্সাহিত করেছে, দৈনন্দিন জীবনে পরিবেশ বান্ধব অনুশীলনের প্রচার করে। যাইহোক, নিষেধাজ্ঞা কার্যকর করা চ্যালেঞ্জিং প্রমাণিত হয়েছে, বিশেষ করে গ্রামীণ এলাকায় এবং ছোট দোকানগুলিতে যেখানে এখনও পলিব্যাগগুলি সাধারণত ব্যবহৃত হয়৷ প্লাস্টিক বর্জ্যের ক্ষতিকর প্রভাব এবং বিকল্প গ্রহণের গুরুত্ব সম্পর্কে মানুষকে শিক্ষিত করার জন্য আরও জনসচেতনতামূলক প্রচারণার প্রয়োজন রয়েছে। উপসংহারে, পরিবেশ রক্ষার জন্য পলিব্যাগ নিষিদ্ধ করা একটি প্রয়োজনীয় পদক্ষেপ। যদিও নিষেধাজ্ঞাটি সঠিক পথে একটি পদক্ষেপ হয়েছে, তার সাফল্য নিশ্চিত করার জন্য অব্যাহত প্রচেষ্টা প্রয়োজন। জনসচেতনতা, আরও ভাল প্রয়োগ এবং পরিবেশ বান্ধব বিকল্পগুলির ব্যবহার প্লাস্টিক দূষণ কমাতে এবং একটি পরিষ্কার, নিরাপদ পরিবেশ তৈরিতে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করবে।

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing BANNING OF POLYBAGS Chemically polythene is a polymer of ethylene of high molecular weight. The plastic quality of polythene made it suitable for producing bags, which are light in weight, durable, waterproof, low cost and easy to use for varied purpose. Polythene is largely used for packaging purpose and most widely used for carrying shopping items. But there are many problems of using polybags. There is risk of food-stuff getting contaminated when wrapped in coloured polythene. Polythene may cause dermatitis due to prolonged contact with skin. Polythene is not biodegradable, it lowers the fertility of the soil, blocks the urban sewerage system and cause siltation in the waterways. When burnt, polythene materials produce substance like hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic chemical. The thrown away polybags remain in the soil for years together without degradation. Air and water cannot pass early into the soil due to presence of non-porous polythene. Soil also is not recharged with nutrients, as it remains deprived from sufficient sunlight due to presence of polythene in the ground. Thus the soil fertility is reduced causing decline in agricultural production. Scientists have time and again warned that waste polythene bags are responsible for causing water stagnation in the drains, ditches and pot-holes here and there. Such stagnant water provides a good breeding ground for the mosquitoes resulting in increased incidences of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue, and encephalitis. Polythene also causes adverse impact on animal life and the biodiversity. Domestic animals often ingest polythene bags containing organic waste or foodstuff. It may cause intestinal obstruction and death in certain cases. Scavenger birds like the crows find it difficult to collect food from the dustbin and disposal sites if the domestic waste is disposed of in polybags. The organic waste thrown in ploybags and obstructs the organic substance from getting transformed to plant chain. To the utter relief of the citizens, the government finally ordered a ban on the use and marketing of polythene shopping bags throughout the country with effect from March 1, 2002. It is encouraging that the decision of the government was highly appreciated and welcomed by the citizens particularly the advocacy groups who continued persistent campaign against polythene. Banning of Polybags or, Problems of Polybags Polybags are the major source of pollution. Polybags are such kind of bags as 'are made of polythene became very popular with us. The use of polythene is a threat to our environment and has become a social problem. It is a matter of joy that the Govt. has at last banned polybags. People were demanding to stop the production, use and marketing of polybags. Both the Prime Minister and minister for the Environment and Forest took the decision to ban polybags in the meeting. According to the decision, it is banned firstly from Dhaka city from 1st January, 2002 and from 1st March from the entire country. On an average 60 lac polybags were being used everyday only in Dhaka city. Most of the used polybags were thrown out here and there. Then the polybags block- sewerage pipes and the regular flow of the drain water, which results in the complete disruption of the drainage system. Many low-lying areas in the cities frequently go under water because of the polythene bags. For instance, we can recall the longest lasting flood in 1998. Flood water remained in many parts of Dhaka for over two months. It is also a great threat to our cultivable land. Whenever these polybags go inside the cultivable land, it reduces less its fertility and crops do not grow in such lands. Polybags remain unchanged like a curtain through which nothing can pass. It can not mix with soil. It spreads skin disease and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Air is polluted while these polybags are being burned. It also causes some serious diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. On the contrary, our traditional jute and cloth bags have lost their market because of the uses of polythene. However, it is a burning question for us that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polybags immediately and keep our environment free from polybags. THE PROBLEMS OF USING POLYBAGS Chemically polythene is a polymer of ethylene of high molecular weight. It is a thermoplastic material which when heated gets softened due to weakening of intermolecular forces and thus melts. On cooling, the melted molecules get solidified again. The plastic quality of polythene made it suitable for producing bags, which are light in weight, durable, waterproof, low cost and easy to use for varied purpose. Polythene is largely used for packaging purpose and most widely used for carrying shopping items. Polythene was developed as chemical compound in the US in the middle of last century. The production and marketing however, started in 1985 in the USA while it was introduced in Bangladesh in 1982. Survey reports showed that the daily use of polythene shopping bags was as high as 9 million pieces throughout the country while the largest number of 6 million pieces was used in Dhaka city alone. It cost Bangladesh taka about 1000 million in foreign currency is to import raw material. The manufacturing process of polythene does not yield complete polymerization but create different kinds of monomeric vinyl chlorides. According to scientists, heavy concentration of vinyl chlorides is highly toxic. Most of the brightly coloured polythene bags contain agents like lead and cadmium. There is risk of food-stuff getting contaminated when wrapped in coloured polythene. Polythene may cause dermatitis due to prolonged contact with skin. Since polythene is not biodegradable, it lowers the fertility of the soil, blocks the urban sewerage system and cause siltation in the waterways. When burnt, polythene materials produce substance like hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic chemical. The thrown away polybags remain in the soil for years together without degradation. Air and water cannot pass early into the soil due to presence of non-porous polythene. Soil also is not recharged with nutrients, as it remains deprived from sufficient sunlight due to presence of polythene in the ground. Thus the soil fertility is reduced causing decline in agricultural production. Scientists have time and again warned that waste polythene bags are responsible for causing water stagnation in the drains, ditches and potholes here and there. Such stagnant water provides a good breeding ground for the mosquitoes resulting in increased incidences of diseases like malaria, filaria, dengue, and encephalitis. Polythene also causes adverse impact on animal life and the biodiversity. Domestic animals often ingest polythene bags containing organic waste or foodstuff. It may cause intestinal obstruction and death in certain cases. Scavenger birds like the crows find it difficult to collect food from the dustbin and disposal sites if the domestic waste is disposed of in polybags. The organic waste thrown in polybags and obstructs the organic substance from getting transformed to plant chain. To the utter relief of the citizens, the government finally ordered a ban on the use and marketing of polythene shopping bags throughout the country with effect from March 1, 2002. Earlier, a partial ban came into effect in Dhaka from January 1 this year. It is encouraging that the decision of the government was highly appreciated and welcomed by the citizens particularly the advocacy groups who continued persistent campaign against polythene.

Paragraph Writing Bangladeshi Culture ​ Culture is made up of all of its ideas, ways of behaving, working and playing. We, the Bangali, have an age old and traditional culture of our own. We have our own Language, dress, food habit , games and sports, music, art, literature etc. Our culture is a close knit, family oriented. We have a rich history and collection of folk songs in Bangladesh. Of them Palligiti, Bhatiali, Bhawaiya, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalongiti, Palagaan and songs of Hason Raja are very popular. The traditional musical instruments like dotara, sarinda, bamboo flute, tabla are usually played with these songs. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football. Shalwar Kameez, Sharee, kurta, fatua, lungi are the main dresses. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. Nakshi kantha is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh. Our cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices. Panta ilish is a traditional platter of Panta bhat on the Pohela Boishakh. We have delicious and appetizing food, snacks, and sweets. The common ones are roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kal jamun and chom-chom. In a word, our culture is enriched in unique variety. Model Answer-2 Bangladeshi Culture Bangladeshi culture is a rich tapestry woven with the threads of history, tradition, and diversity. Situated at the crossroads of South Asia, this vibrant nation has been shaped by a myriad of influences over the centuries. The cultural landscape of Bangladesh is characterized by its fusion of indigenous customs with elements borrowed from various civilizations that have left their mark on the region. At its heart lies a deep-rooted sense of community and hospitality, where guests are welcomed with warmth and generosity. One of the most distinctive aspects of Bangladeshi culture is its cuisine, which boasts a tantalizing array of flavors and dishes, ranging from spicy curries to mouthwatering sweets. Rice, fish, and lentils form the staple diet, reflecting the agricultural abundance of the land. Festivals play a central role in the cultural calendar, with occasions like Eid-ul-Fitr, Durga Puja, and Pohela Boishakh celebrated with great fervor and gusto. Music and dance are integral to Bangladeshi culture, with traditional folk tunes and classical melodies enchanting audiences across the country. The arts flourish in Bangladesh, with literature, poetry, and fine arts thriving in both rural villages and urban centers. The rich heritage of the Bengali language, with its poetic beauty and lyrical cadence, is a source of pride for the nation. Despite the challenges posed by modernization and globalization, the people of Bangladesh remain deeply connected to their cultural roots, preserving age-old traditions while embracing innovation and change. In essence, Bangladeshi culture is a vibrant tapestry that continues to evolve, weaving together the past and present to create a colorful mosaic of identity and heritage. Model Answer-3 Cultural Assault Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. Some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. Bangla Translation: বাংলাদেশী সংস্কৃতি বাংলাদেশী সংস্কৃতি ইতিহাস, ঐতিহ্য এবং বৈচিত্র্যের সুতোয় বোনা একটি সমৃদ্ধ ট্যাপেস্ট্রি। দক্ষিণ এশিয়ার চৌমাথায় অবস্থিত, এই প্রাণবন্ত জাতি বহু শতাব্দী ধরে অসংখ্য প্রভাব দ্বারা আকৃতি পেয়েছে। বাংলাদেশের সাংস্কৃতিক ল্যান্ডস্কেপ বিভিন্ন সভ্যতা থেকে ধার করা উপাদানগুলির সাথে দেশীয় রীতিনীতির সংমিশ্রণ দ্বারা চিহ্নিত করা হয়েছে যা এই অঞ্চলে তাদের চিহ্ন রেখে গেছে। এর হৃদয়ে রয়েছে সম্প্রদায় এবং আতিথেয়তার গভীর-মূল অনুভূতি, যেখানে অতিথিদের উষ্ণতা এবং উদারতার সাথে স্বাগত জানানো হয়। বাংলাদেশী সংস্কৃতির সবচেয়ে স্বতন্ত্র দিকগুলির মধ্যে একটি হল এর রন্ধনপ্রণালী, যা মশলাদার তরকারি থেকে শুরু করে মুখের জল খাওয়ানো মিষ্টি পর্যন্ত স্বাদ এবং থালা-বাসনের একটি লোভনীয় অ্যারের গর্ব করে। চাল, মাছ এবং মসুর প্রধান খাদ্য তৈরি করে, যা জমির কৃষি প্রাচুর্যকে প্রতিফলিত করে। উৎসবগুলি সাংস্কৃতিক ক্যালেন্ডারে একটি কেন্দ্রীয় ভূমিকা পালন করে, ঈদ-উল-ফিতর, দুর্গাপূজা, এবং পহেলা বৈশাখের মতো উপলক্ষগুলি অত্যন্ত উত্সাহ এবং আনন্দের সাথে উদযাপিত হয়। সঙ্গীত এবং নৃত্য বাংলাদেশী সংস্কৃতির অবিচ্ছেদ্য অঙ্গ, ঐতিহ্যবাহী লোক সুর এবং শাস্ত্রীয় সুর সারাদেশের দর্শকদের মুগ্ধ করে। বাংলাদেশে শিল্পকলার বিকাশ ঘটেছে, সাহিত্য, কবিতা এবং চারুকলা গ্রামীণ গ্রাম এবং শহর কেন্দ্র উভয় ক্ষেত্রেই সমৃদ্ধ। বাংলা ভাষার সমৃদ্ধ ঐতিহ্য, এর কাব্যিক সৌন্দর্য এবং গীতিকবিতা, জাতির জন্য গর্বের উৎস। আধুনিকায়ন এবং বিশ্বায়নের দ্বারা সৃষ্ট চ্যালেঞ্জ সত্ত্বেও, বাংলাদেশের জনগণ তাদের সাংস্কৃতিক শিকড়ের সাথে গভীরভাবে সংযুক্ত রয়েছে, উদ্ভাবন এবং পরিবর্তনকে আলিঙ্গন করার সাথে সাথে প্রাচীন ঐতিহ্য সংরক্ষণ করে। মোটকথা, বাংলাদেশী সংস্কৃতি হল একটি প্রাণবন্ত টেপেস্ট্রি যা বিবর্তিত হতে থাকে, অতীত ও বর্তমানকে একত্রিত করে পরিচয় ও ঐতিহ্যের রঙিন মোজাইক তৈরি করে। Composition / Essay Writing Bangladeshi Culture Bangladesh has a rich and diverse culture, shaped by its long history and the traditions of its people. The culture of Bangladesh is a mix of indigenous, South Asian, and Islamic influences. One of the most important aspects of Bangladeshi culture is the Bengali language, which is spoken by the majority of people in the country. The language is not just a way to communicate but also an important part of the country’s identity and heritage. Music and dance play a big role in Bangladeshi culture. The country has a strong tradition of folk music, with popular genres such as Baul, Bhatiali, and Nazrul Geeti. Classical music, including Rabindra Sangeet (songs written by the poet Rabindranath Tagore), is also loved by many. Dance forms like the traditional Bengali folk dance and classical dances are often performed during cultural events and celebrations. Bangladesh has a rich tradition of literature, with poets and writers like Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam being celebrated worldwide. Bengali literature has a deep connection to the country’s history, and many of its poems and stories reflect the struggles and triumphs of the people. Food is another important part of Bangladeshi culture. The cuisine is famous for its use of spices, rice, and fish. Popular dishes include bhat (rice), dal (lentils), and bhorta (mashed vegetables). Fish, especially Hilsa, is a staple in many Bangladeshi households. Sweets like roshogolla and chomchom are enjoyed during special occasions. Family and respect for elders are key values in Bangladeshi society. People often live in joint families and celebrate festivals like Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year), Eid, and Durga Puja with family and friends. The culture is known for its hospitality, and visitors are always warmly welcomed. In conclusion, Bangladeshi culture is rich and diverse, with strong influences from language, music, literature, food, and traditions. It reflects the warmth, resilience, and pride of the Bangladeshi people.

Paragraph Writing Arsenic Pollution Arsenic pollution has become one of the talked topics of our country at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. Arsenic is a poisonous chemical element mixed with water. This poisonous element is found in ground water, such as tube-well water. In different countries, arsenic contamination in water supplies is known to have been caused by dissolving geological deposits which naturally occur from industrial discharges and from uses of pesticides. If a man drinks arsenic contaminated water, he is affected by disease and after many days the symptoms are found. The disease caused by arsenic is known as arsenicosis. Poisoning by arsenic is slow process. It damages the kidneys, the liver, the skin and even the nerves system of body. Long term poisoning might cause also death of the sufferers. Many people in our country are suffering from arsenicosis and many more are being affected everyday. For the prevention of arsenicosis, we should drink only arsenic-free water. Besides this, we have to eat a healthy and balanced diet. To ensure supply of arsenic-free water, we should sink deep tube-wells. Water treatment plant should be established in the rural areas and the arsenic contaminated tube-wells should be identified by red colour. We should remember that arsenic poison cannot be removed by boiling or filtering water. So, all of us should be conscious of arsenic poison and should be careful about using water. It is a hopeful matter that various agencies in the health and water sector such as NIPSOM, DPHE, BWDB and others have begun sampling well-water and looking for medical symptoms as evidence of arsenic contamination and its affected area and they are trying to solve the problem. ​ ​ DANGERS OF ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. Model Answer-2 ARSENIC POLLUTION In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. Model Answer-3 ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life for our people by preventing arsenic pollution Bangla Translation: আমাদের দৈনন্দিন জীবনে আমরা একটি নতুন ধরণের সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হচ্ছি। এর মধ্যে আর্সেনিক দূষণ অন্যতম। বর্তমানে এটি আমাদের দেশের জন্য একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। আর্সেনিক হল ভঙ্গুর উপাদানের একটি বিষাক্ত সাদা যৌগ। আর্সেনিক দূষণ স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য খুবই বিপজ্জনক। বাংলাদেশের সর্বাধিক জেলায় টিউবওয়েলের পানিতে আর্সেনিকের উপস্থিতি জনগণকে আতঙ্কিত করে তোলে। এতে উত্তরবঙ্গের মানুষ ব্যাপকভাবে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়। এই বিষয়ে প্রেস রিপোর্ট সমস্ত সম্ভাব্য প্রতিরোধমূলক ব্যবস্থার দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করছে। আর্সেনিক দ্বারা দূষিত পানি পান করার ফলে ঘা এবং পেটের সমস্যার মতো অনেক রোগ হয়। এটি তালু, পায়ের চামড়াও আক্রমণ করে। কখনও কখনও ঘা গ্যাংগ্রিন এবং তারপর ক্যান্সারে পরিণত হয়। তাই আর্সেনিক দূষণ মানব জীবনের জন্য বড় হুমকি। বর্তমানে আর্সেনিক দূষণ প্রতিরোধ করতে পারে এমন কোনো চিকিৎসা বা ওষুধ নেই। গবেষকরা এই সমস্যার সমাধান খুঁজে বের করার জন্য যথাসাধ্য চেষ্টা করছেন। সকল টিউবওয়েল পরীক্ষা করে আর্সেনিক পাওয়া গেলে সেই টিউবওয়েল থেকে পানি পান বন্ধ করতে হবে। বৃষ্টির বিশুদ্ধ পানি পান করা নিরাপদ। পুকুর, নদীর পানি বিশুদ্ধ ও পানের উপযোগী করা যায়। দেশে আর্সেনিক দূষণ ভয়াবহ আকার ধারণ করেছে। তাই আর্সেনিক দূষণ রোধ করে আমাদের জনগণের স্বাস্থ্যকর ও সুখী জীবন নিশ্চিত করতে যথাযথ পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করা উচিত। Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF MY SCHOOL ​ Annual Sports Day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. On the 10th instant we had the annual sports day in our school. On that day we tastefully decorated the school and put up a beautiful dais on the sports ground in front. On both sides of the dais, sitting arrangement was made for the spectators under colourful canopies. The Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner arrived on time and hoisted the national flag just at 9 a. m. The next attraction was the ‘March Past’ of the competitors. After the March Past, the Chief Guest declared the sports open. There were 20 items which were taken up according to the printed programme. All the items were contested well. At the end of every item the names of the winners were announced over the microphone and they stood up on the victory stand. In between the events fine cassettes were played and the whole environment was festive and jovial. When the items were over, the Chief Guest distributed the prizes. Then after a few short speeches were made by the teachers and guests and the function was declared over. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. Model Answer-2 The Annual Sports Day of My School The Annual Sports Day stands out as the most thrilling and anticipated event in our school calendar. On the 10th of this month, we celebrated our annual sports day with great enthusiasm. The school was adorned with tasteful decorations, and a splendid stage was erected on the sports ground. Colorful canopies were set up on either side of the stage to accommodate the spectators. Our esteemed Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner, arrived punctually and commenced the festivities by hoisting the national flag promptly at 9 a.m. The highlight of the event was the impressive March Past, performed by the participating teams. Following this, the Chief Guest officially inaugurated the sports day, setting the stage for the various competitions to commence. A total of 20 events were scheduled as per the printed program, and each one was keenly contested. After the conclusion of each event, the names of the victorious participants were announced over the microphone, and they were felicitated on the victory stand. The ambiance was further enlivened by the playing of upbeat music during intervals, creating a festive and cheerful atmosphere. As the competitions drew to a close, the Chief Guest distributed prizes to the deserving winners. Subsequently, brief speeches were delivered by teachers and guests, reflecting on the significance of sportsmanship and teamwork. With the conclusion of the speeches, the event came to an end, leaving everyone feeling invigorated and refreshed from the break in routine. The Annual Sports Day was truly a memorable occasion, uniting students, teachers, and guests in the spirit of healthy competition and camaraderie. Model Answer-3 Bangla Translation: আমার স্কুলের বার্ষিক ক্রীড়া দিবস বার্ষিক ক্রীড়া দিবসটি আমাদের স্কুল ক্যালেন্ডারে সবচেয়ে উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ এবং প্রত্যাশিত ইভেন্ট হিসাবে দাঁড়িয়েছে। এই মাসের 10 তারিখে, আমরা আমাদের বার্ষিক ক্রীড়া দিবসটি অত্যন্ত উত্সাহের সাথে উদযাপন করেছি। বিদ্যালয়টিকে রুচিশীল সাজসজ্জায় সজ্জিত করা হয়েছিল এবং ক্রীড়া মাঠে একটি জমকালো মঞ্চ তৈরি করা হয়েছিল। দর্শকদের বসার জন্য মঞ্চের দুপাশে রঙিন শামিয়ানা স্থাপন করা হয়েছে। আমাদের সম্মানিত প্রধান অতিথি জেলা প্রশাসক যথাসময়ে উপস্থিত হন এবং সকাল ৯টায় জাতীয় পতাকা উত্তোলনের মাধ্যমে উৎসবের সূচনা করেন। ইভেন্টের বিশেষ আকর্ষণ ছিল অংশগ্রহণকারী দলগুলোর দ্বারা পরিবেশিত চিত্তাকর্ষক মার্চ পাস্ট। এর পর প্রধান অতিথি ক্রীড়া দিবসের আনুষ্ঠানিক উদ্বোধন করেন এবং বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতা শুরুর মঞ্চ তৈরি করেন। মুদ্রিত প্রোগ্রাম অনুসারে মোট 20টি ইভেন্ট নির্ধারিত হয়েছিল এবং প্রতিটিতে তীব্র প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা হয়েছিল। প্রতিটি ইভেন্টের সমাপ্তির পর, বিজয়ী অংশগ্রহণকারীদের নাম মাইক্রোফোনে ঘোষণা করা হয় এবং বিজয় স্ট্যান্ডে তাদের সংবর্ধনা দেওয়া হয়। ব্যবধানে উচ্ছ্বসিত সঙ্গীত বাজিয়ে পরিবেশকে আরও প্রাণবন্ত করে তোলে, একটি উৎসবমুখর এবং আনন্দঘন পরিবেশ তৈরি করে। প্রতিযোগিতা শেষ হওয়ার সাথে সাথে প্রধান অতিথি যোগ্য বিজয়ীদের মাঝে পুরস্কার বিতরণ করেন। পরবর্তীতে, শিক্ষক এবং অতিথিদের দ্বারা সংক্ষিপ্ত বক্তৃতা প্রদান করা হয়, যা ক্রীড়া এবং দলগত কাজের গুরুত্বের প্রতিফলন করে। বক্তৃতা শেষ হওয়ার সাথে সাথে, অনুষ্ঠানটি সমাপ্ত হয়, যার ফলে প্রত্যেকে রুটিনের বিরতি থেকে অনুপ্রাণিত এবং সতেজ বোধ করে। বার্ষিক ক্রীড়া দিবসটি সত্যিই একটি স্মরণীয় উপলক্ষ ছিল, যা ছাত্র, শিক্ষক এবং অতিথিদের সুস্থ প্রতিযোগিতা এবং ক্যামেরাদারির চেতনায় একত্রিত করে। Composition / Essay Writing THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF YOUR SCHOOL 200.... Games and sports are essential for the students. In almost all schools and colleges there are physical instructors. They arrange games and sports for the students. Sports are held annually in every educational institution. Annual sports day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. This year the Annual sports of our school were held in the month of February / March/ April amidst rejoicing and merry-making. It was a happy day for us. The class works were suspended on that day. The date of the sports was fixed in a meeting of the teachers. At first the game teacher selected the best competitors after taking hits. Then the invitation cards were issued to the guardians, local gentlemen and the officers. An arrangement committee was elected taking one student from each class. With the help of the teachers and students, the school field was enclosed and decorated. A gate was erected at the entrance of the field. Tracks were made and a mike was fitted. The arena was arranged in a suitable way and decorated very tastefully. Adequate seating arrangements were made for spectators-male and female. All the students and teachers were present in the field. Many persons including the invited guests also came to witness the sports.   The sports started punctually at 10 a.m. This was followed by the hoisting of the National Flag and the recitation of the holy Quran. Immediately after this, the march past took place and the Headmaster took the salute. Thereafter, he declared the sports open and the competitors took the oath of allegiance. Then the actual sports began. There were 27 items in all. The most important events of the sports were ‘100 metre sprint’, ‘400 metre sprint’, ‘800 metre race’, ‘javelin throw’, ‘putting shot’, ‘discus throw’, ‘broad jump’, ‘high jump’, ‘pole vault’, ‘hurdle race’, ‘weight lifting’, ‘pillow fight’, ‘tug-of–war’, ‘dress as you like’ etc. ‘Dress as you like’ aroused great cheering among the spectators. They were taken up one after another according to the programme. There were three groups of competitors --- Senior, Junior and Intermediate. I belonged to the senior group. The names of the competitors were announced over the mike. The performance in all the above events was of a high order and surpassed all the previous records of the school. Immediately after the sports had been over, trophies were given to the successful competitors by the D.C. who was the chief Guest of the function. I took part in three items           the high jump, the longjump and the pole vault. I got First position in the high jump and second in other two items. The D.C. delivered a fine speech in which he encouraged the students to be specially attentive to physical exercise. He also inspired us to earn more knowledge besides doing extra-curricular activities.   The function ended at 4 p.m. It was a happy day indeed. I enjoyed the function best as I was considered one of the best competitors. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. It was actually a day of all days in our life.                           THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF YOUR SCHOOL 2023 Introduction: Games and sports are essential for the students. In almost all schools and colleges there are physical instructors. They arrange games and sports for the students. Sports are held annually in every educational institution. Annual sports day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. Occasion:  This year the Annual sports of our school were held in the month of February / March/ April amidst rejoicing and merry-making. It was a happy day for us. The class works were suspended on that day. Previous Arrangements:  The date of the sports was fixed in a meeting of the teachers. At first the game teacher selected the best competitors after taking hits. Then the invitation cards were issued to the guardians, local gentlemen and the officers. Decoration and Arrangement:  An arrangement committee was elected taking one student from each class. With the help of the teachers and students, the school field was enclosed and decorated.A gate was erected at the entrance of the field. Tracks were made and a mike was fitted. The arena was arranged in a suitable way and decorated very tastefully. Adequate seating arrangements were made for spectators-male and female. All the students and teachers were present in the field. Many persons including the invited guests also came to witness the sports. Starting: The sports started punctually at 10 a.m. This was followed by the hoisting of the National Flag and the recitation of the holy Quran. Immediately after this, the march past took place and the Headmaster took the salute. Thereafter, he declared the sports open and the competitors took the oath of allegiance. Then the actual sports began. Programme: There were 27 items in all. The most important events of the sports were ‘100 metre sprint’, ‘400 metre sprint’, ‘800 metre race’, ‘javelin throw’, ‘putting shot’, ‘discus throw’, ‘broad jump’, ‘high jump’, ‘pole vault’, ‘hurdle race’, ‘weight lifting’, ‘pillow fight’, ‘tug-of – war’, ‘dress as you like’ etc. ‘Dress as you like’ aroused great cheering among the spectators. They were taken up and after another according to the programme. There were three group of competitors. Senior, Junior and Intermediate. I belonged to the senior group. The names of the competitors were announced over the mike. The performance in all the above events was of a high order and surpassed all the previous records of the school.   Awards distributed: Immediately after the sports had been over, trophies were given to the successful competitors by the D.C. who was the chief Guest of the function. Personal participation: I took part in three items the high jump, the long jump and the pole vault. I got First position in the high jump and second in other two items. Speech of the Chief Guest:  The D.C. delivered a fine speech in which he encouraged the students to be specially attentive to physical exercise. He also inspired us to earn more knowledge besides doing extra-curricular activities. Conclusion: The function ended at 4 p.m. It was a happy day indeed. I enjoyed the function best as I was considered one of the best competitors. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. It was actually a day of all days in our life.                THE ANNUAL SPORTS OF MY COLLEGE I am studying at a very renowned college in -Dhaka City. The sports day of my college is a very memorable day to me. It is full of joys and feelings. Every year we enjoy the annual sports of our college in the month of January and February. It is a very happy occasion for all of us.   The last 7th February was our annual sports day. Our normal classes were suspended on that day. The sports began at 9 a.m. We decorated our college and the main gate beautifully. The field was enclosed with bamboo sticks. They were covered with coloured papers. A samiana was hoisted and the seating arrangements were made under it. A mike was fitted. The field was prepared well.   The Education Advisor was invited to take his seat as a chief guest. The chief guest arrived just at 9 a.m. He hoisted the national flag. The next attraction was the March past of the competitors and of the students. Then the chief guest declared the sports open.   The competitors were divided into several groups. I was also a competitor. There were about twenty events. I participated in three items— the long jump, the high jump and the hop-step­jump. All the events were taken up according to the printed programme. The most exciting items were basket ball, the sack race and the musical chair. At the end of every item the navies of winners were announced and they stood up on the victory stand. I got first prize in the long jump and second position in the high jump. Unluckily I failed to achieve any position in the hopstep-jump.   When all the events were over the chief guest distributed prizes among the winners. The function came to an end at 4 pm. It was really a happy and joyous occasion. I shall never forget it.

Paragraph Writing Annual Cultural Function of our school ​ Annual cultural function of a school is a ceremony, where different cultural programmes are arranged and performed by the students. The last annual cultural function of our school held on 3rd August, 2023. It is still fresh in my memory we decorated our school premises with colourful papers and banners. In the auditorium we embellished the stage with flowers, festoons and ballons of different colours. Honourable D.C of our district had consented to preside over the accasion. Honourable Education Minter, the chief guest, was accorded guard of honour by the B.N.C of our school. The ceremony began at 10 am. with the recitation of some verses from Holy Quran. I and one of my classmates announced the scheduled programme as a presenter after the national anthem. After that the performances of the students started. Someone danced, Someone song and someone recited poems. There was also some group performances like mime-show and drama. Our class had been chosen to put on a play. I was also acted in that play. Ours was the last performance. The cheering crowd greeted each performance with applause. The function ended with an encouraging, complimentary and educative speech of the chief guest. At last our headmaster thanked the chief guest and other guest for their kind presence. I felt very excited there and I still feel joy when I remember that day. I wish to have the day again and again. Model Answer-2 The Annual Cultural Function of Our School The annual cultural function of a school is a significant event where students showcase various cultural performances. The memory of our school's last annual cultural function, held on August 3rd, 2023, is still vivid in my mind. We adorned our school premises with vibrant decorations, using colorful papers and banners. Inside the auditorium, the stage was adorned with flowers, streamers, and balloons of different hues. We were honored to have the District Commissioner preside over the occasion, with the esteemed Education Minister as the chief guest. The event commenced at 10 a.m. with a recitation from the Holy Quran, followed by the national anthem. My classmate and I served as presenters, announcing the scheduled program. The performances by students encompassed a variety of talents, including dancing, singing, and reciting poems. There were also group performances such as mime shows and dramas. Our class had the privilege of presenting a play, in which I also participated. Our performance marked the culmination of the event, and the audience responded with enthusiastic applause after each act. The function concluded with an inspiring and insightful speech by the chief guest, followed by words of gratitude from our headmaster to all guests. The atmosphere was filled with excitement and joy, and to this day, I cherish the memories of that remarkable day. I often find myself wishing to relive that experience again and again. Model Answer-3   ANNUAL CULTURAL WEEK A school is a ground of learning for students in every regard. The school helps students to develop skills in educational and other extra curricular activities as well. In our text book we find that the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their annual cultural week in full mirth and joy. The students were highly jubilant to celebrate the function. One morning Mrs. Amin, the English teacher of class eight came with an announcement to the class. The class was told that they were selected to stage a play during this cultural week. Hearing this, they were enthusiastic enough to stage a play by Shakespeare. As Shakespeare’s plays were difficult and long, it was not possible for them to perform his play. So they were advised to stage a play which was written by Mr. Anis Ahmed and they agreed to do so. After school that day they met Mr. Anis Ahmed and discussed about the play. For a few days they practised a lot. On the scheduled day they made a stage and performed the play called ‘The Ghost’. The programme was appreciated by all. In this way the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their Annual Cultural Week A CULTURAL FUNCTION ARRANGED IN OUR COLLEGE ​ A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our college auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our college authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Principal of our college discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. ​ A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST ​ Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. Bangla Translation: একটি স্কুলের বার্ষিক সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান হল একটি অনুষ্ঠান, যেখানে শিক্ষার্থীরা বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানের আয়োজন করে এবং পরিবেশন করে। আমাদের স্কুলের শেষ বার্ষিক সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানটি 3রা আগস্ট, 2023-এ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়েছিল। আমরা আমাদের স্কুল প্রাঙ্গণকে রঙিন কাগজ এবং ব্যানার দিয়ে সজ্জিত করার কারণে এটি এখনও আমার স্মৃতিতে তাজা। অডিটোরিয়ামে আমরা বিভিন্ন রঙের ফুল, ফেস্টুন ও বেলুন দিয়ে মঞ্চ সাজিয়েছিলাম। আমাদের জেলার মাননীয় ডিসি এই অনুষ্ঠানে সভাপতিত্ব করতে সম্মতি দিয়েছিলেন। প্রধান অতিথি মাননীয় শিক্ষামন্ত্রীকে আমাদের বিদ্যালয়ের বিএনসি গার্ড অব অনার প্রদান করেন। সকাল ১০টায় অনুষ্ঠান শুরু হয়। পবিত্র কুরআনের কিছু আয়াত তেলাওয়াতের সাথে। আমি ও আমার এক সহপাঠী জাতীয় সংগীতের পর উপস্থাপক হিসেবে নির্ধারিত কর্মসূচি ঘোষণা করি। এরপর শুরু হয় শিক্ষার্থীদের পরিবেশনা। কেউ নেচেছেন, কেউ গান করেছেন, কেউ কবিতা আবৃত্তি করেছেন। সেখানে মাইম-শো এবং নাটকের মতো কিছু দলীয় পরিবেশনাও ছিল। আমাদের ক্লাসটি একটি নাটকের জন্য বেছে নেওয়া হয়েছিল। সেই নাটকে আমিও অভিনয় করেছি। আমাদের শেষ পারফরম্যান্স ছিল। উচ্ছ্বসিত জনতা করতালি দিয়ে প্রতিটি পারফরম্যান্সকে স্বাগত জানায়। প্রধান অতিথির উৎসাহমূলক, প্রশংসামূলক ও শিক্ষামূলক বক্তব্যের মধ্য দিয়ে অনুষ্ঠানটি শেষ হয়। পরিশেষে আমাদের প্রধান শিক্ষক প্রধান অতিথি এবং অন্যান্য অতিথিদের তাদের সদয় উপস্থিতির জন্য ধন্যবাদ জানান। আমি সেখানে খুব উত্তেজিত বোধ করি এবং সেই দিনটির কথা মনে হলে আমি এখনও আনন্দ অনুভব করি। দিনটা বারবার চাই। Composition / Essay Writing The Annual Cultural Function of Our School The annual cultural function of our school is a special event where students showcase their talents in various cultural performances. I clearly remember our school's last annual cultural function, which took place on August 3rd, 2023. The school premises were beautifully decorated with colorful papers and banners. Inside the auditorium, the stage was filled with flowers, streamers, and balloons in a variety of bright colors. We were honored to have the District Commissioner as the chairperson for the event, and the Education Minister as the chief guest. The function began at 10 a.m. with a recitation from the Holy Quran, followed by the national anthem. My classmate and I had the responsibility of presenting and announcing the program. The students displayed their diverse talents, including dancing, singing, and poetry recitation. There were also group performances, such as mime shows and dramas. Our class had the opportunity to present a play, in which I took part. The audience was engaged and gave enthusiastic applause after each performance. The event concluded with an inspiring speech from the chief guest, followed by a vote of thanks from our headmaster to express gratitude to all the guests. The atmosphere was filled with excitement and joy, making the day unforgettable. Even now, I often think about that wonderful day and wish I could experience it again. It was a day full of creativity, teamwork, and celebration.

Paragraph Writing Model Answer-2 Ancient Age and Modern Age Throughout history, the world has progressed in different stages, from ancient times to the middle ages, and now to the modern era. Each period has its unique characteristics. In ancient times, people had limited knowledge about their surroundings and lived simple, often difficult lives. They depended on basic survival methods and lived in small groups. As time passed, people began to form larger societies, and their understanding of the world grew. Although they met their basic needs, their desires for more advanced comforts led them to invent new tools and ideas to improve life. Life in ancient times, although lacking the conveniences of today, was less rushed and chaotic compared to modern life. The modern era has brought immense progress, especially through science. With modern technology, we enjoy numerous comforts and conveniences that make life easier. However, these advancements also come with challenges. While science has improved health and saved lives, it has also led to harm and destruction. In ancient times, people often relied on superstitions to explain the world, whereas today, we base our beliefs more on reason and evidence. Both ancient and modern times come with their own set of challenges, and people must adapt to survive in each era. Time continues to move forward, and while we cannot stop it, we can use our knowledge and resources to make the world a better place. It is essential to learn from the past while making the most of the opportunities that the modern age provides. Composition / Essay Writing Ancient Age and Modern Age The Ancient Age refers to the period of human history that began with the earliest civilizations and lasted until the fall of the Roman Empire around the 5th century AD. During this time, humans lived in small communities and made basic tools from stone, wood, and bone. People started forming societies, building cities, and creating written languages. They also developed farming, which helped civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China grow. In the Ancient Age, most people worked as farmers or traders, and their lives were simple compared to today's standards. Religion played a significant role, with many civilizations building temples and worshiping gods. In contrast, the Modern Age began around the 16th century and continues today. This era saw major changes in science, technology, and culture. The invention of the printing press, for example, made books more accessible and allowed knowledge to spread quickly. The Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries introduced machines and factories, changing how people worked and lived. Modern societies have advanced in medicine, transportation, communication, and education, making life more comfortable and connected. People now live in large cities with advanced infrastructure, and technology like smartphones and computers plays a huge role in daily life. While the Ancient Age focused on survival and the basics of life, the Modern Age emphasizes progress, innovation, and global connections. The difference between these two ages is vast, with modern technology and ideas making life much more advanced than it was in ancient times. However, many aspects of the Ancient Age, such as art, philosophy, and architecture, still influence the modern world today. প্রাচীন যুগ এবং আধুনিক যুগ পৃথিবীর ইতিহাসে, এটি পর্যায়ক্রমে এগিয়েছে: প্রাচীন কাল থেকে মধ্যযুগ পর্যন্ত এবং এখন আধুনিক যুগে। প্রতিটি যুগের নিজস্ব স্বতন্ত্র বৈশিষ্ট্য রয়েছে। প্রাচীনকালে মানুষ তাদের চারপাশের জগত সম্পর্কে তেমন কিছু জানত না। তারা সরল জীবনযাপন করত এবং প্রায়ই সংগ্রাম করত। কিন্তু সময়ের সাথে সাথে জ্ঞান বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে এবং লোকেরা অনেক নতুন জিনিস শিখেছে। তারা ছোট দলে বসবাস থেকে দূরে সরে গিয়ে সমাজ গঠন করতে শুরু করে। সেই সময়ে, মানুষের মৌলিক চাহিদা মেটানোর জন্য যথেষ্ট ছিল, কিন্তু সময়ের সাথে সাথে তারা আরও চাইছিল। তারা জীবনকে সহজ করার জন্য জিনিস উদ্ভাবন শুরু করে। আমাদের আজকের সুযোগ-সুবিধা না থাকা সত্ত্বেও, প্রাচীন মানুষের জীবন ছিল সহজ এবং কম বিশৃঙ্খল। তারা তাড়াহুড়ো এবং বিভ্রান্তি ছাড়াই বাস করত যা আধুনিক জীবনকে চিহ্নিত করে। আধুনিক যুগ অনেক উন্নতি এনেছে, বিজ্ঞানকে ধন্যবাদ। আমাদের অনেক আরাম এবং সুবিধা আছে, কিন্তু একটি খারাপ দিকও আছে। বিজ্ঞান যেখানে জীবন বাঁচিয়েছে, তা ক্ষতি ও ধ্বংসও করেছে। প্রাচীনকালে, লোকেরা কুসংস্কারে বিশ্বাস করত, কিন্তু আজ আমরা যুক্তি এবং প্রমাণের উপর বেশি নির্ভর করি। প্রতিটি যুগের নিজস্ব চ্যালেঞ্জ রয়েছে এবং মানুষকে বেঁচে থাকার জন্য মানিয়ে নিতে হবে। সময় এগিয়ে যায়, এবং আমরা এটি থামাতে পারি না। পরিবর্তে, বিশ্বকে বসবাসের জন্য একটি ভাল জায়গা করে তুলতে আমাদের জ্ঞান এবং সম্পদ ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing AN EXCITING FOOTBALL MATCH I HAVE WITNESSED Football is one of the most popular games in the world. In Bangladesh, it is also popular. However, I sometimes go to the stadium and watch football matches. Once, I had the opportunity to watch a heavily contested football match between Abahani Limited and Mohammedan Sporting Club. It was the League Championship Match. After a long waiting, the match began with a great clapping by the crowd and the referee’s whistle. The ball went up and down the playground with the mastery of passing and dribbling of the players of both sides. Once, Abahani striker’s shot hit the bar post. But again, there was a counter attack and Abahani defenders were active enough to clear the ball at the cost of a corner. The corner kick was wonderfully taken and the ball sailed over the defender to unmarked Alfaz and he nodded it with a well header into the net. There was a roar of applause amidst of the first half. After the break, again the match started. The good striker of Abahani repaid the goal by placing the ball into the net of the Mohammedan. As a result, it was 1-1. At the last ten minutes, the game was full of excitement because both teams tried heart and soul to defeat each other. Their attack and counter attack gave us much pleasure and excitement. Before two minutes of the end of the game, the speedy striker of Mohammedan Arman neatly placed the ball through the right corner of the goal post of Abahani. Then Mohammedan got the lead of 2-1. The game was over with this result and the winning team was the Mohammedan. The thing that I observed in the match mostly was the team spirit of the players. Both teams fought bravely and tried to show their skills. They hardly tried to play in a wrong way. It made me praise them. The result went in favour of the Mohammedan. The Abahani’s players gladly accepted the result. The cup of the championship went to the home of the Mohammedan. It was a full of contest and thrill match. This match played between two great teams of Bangladesh was really pleasing. It was very much interesting. I shall never forget it. An Exciting Football Match I Have Witnessed One of the most exciting football matches I have ever witnessed was the final match of the national football tournament last year. It was held at the local stadium, and the atmosphere was electric with thousands of fans cheering for their teams. The match was between two of the best teams in the country, and the competition was fierce from the start. The game began with both teams playing aggressively. The first half was full of action, with both sides having several chances to score, but the goalkeepers made brilliant saves. The crowd was on the edge of their seats as each team fought for control of the ball. Just before the halftime whistle, one team managed to score a beautiful goal, sending their supporters into wild celebration. In the second half, the other team came back strong, determined to equalize. The tension in the stadium was high as the game progressed. With only a few minutes remaining, they scored a fantastic goal, leveling the match. The crowd went crazy with excitement. In the final moments, both teams pushed for a winning goal, but it was one team that scored a stunning goal in the last minute of injury time, securing the victory. The atmosphere after the final whistle was unforgettable. Fans were cheering, singing, and celebrating the thrilling win. It was a match filled with skill, excitement, and emotion. Witnessing such an incredible game made me appreciate the beauty of football even more. The energy and passion in the stadium were unmatched, and it was an experience I will always remember. An Exciting Football Match I Have Witnessed One of the most exciting football matches I have ever witnessed was the final match of the national football tournament last year. It was held at the local stadium, and the atmosphere was electric with thousands of fans cheering for their teams. The match was between two of the best teams in the country, and the competition was fierce from the start. The game began with both teams playing aggressively. The first half was full of action, with both sides having several chances to score, but the goalkeepers made brilliant saves. The crowd was on the edge of their seats as each team fought for control of the ball. Just before the halftime whistle, one team managed to score a beautiful goal, sending their supporters into wild celebration. In the second half, the other team came back strong, determined to equalize. The tension in the stadium was high as the game progressed. With only a few minutes remaining, they scored a fantastic goal, leveling the match. The crowd went crazy with excitement. In the final moments, both teams pushed for a winning goal, but it was one team that scored a stunning goal in the last minute of injury time, securing the victory. The atmosphere after the final whistle was unforgettable. Fans were cheering, singing, and celebrating the thrilling win. It was a match filled with skill, excitement, and emotion. Witnessing such an incredible game made me appreciate the beauty of football even more. The energy and passion in the stadium were unmatched, and it was an experience I will always remember. An Exciting Football Match I Have Witnessed One of the most exciting football matches I have ever witnessed was the final match of the national football tournament last year. It was held at the local stadium, and the atmosphere was electric with thousands of fans cheering for their teams. The match was between two of the best teams in the country, and the competition was fierce from the start. The game began with both teams playing aggressively. The first half was full of action, with both sides having several chances to score, but the goalkeepers made brilliant saves. The crowd was on the edge of their seats as each team fought for control of the ball. Just before the halftime whistle, one team managed to score a beautiful goal, sending their supporters into wild celebration. In the second half, the other team came back strong, determined to equalize. The tension in the stadium was high as the game progressed. With only a few minutes remaining, they scored a fantastic goal, leveling the match. The crowd went crazy with excitement. In the final moments, both teams pushed for a winning goal, but it was one team that scored a stunning goal in the last minute of injury time, securing the victory. The atmosphere after the final whistle was unforgettable. Fans were cheering, singing, and celebrating the thrilling win. It was a match filled with skill, excitement, and emotion. Witnessing such an incredible game made me appreciate the beauty of football even more. The energy and passion in the stadium were unmatched, and it was an experience I will always remember. An Exciting Football Match I Have Witnessed One of the most exciting football matches I have ever witnessed was the final match of the national football tournament last year. It was held at the local stadium, and the atmosphere was electric with thousands of fans cheering for their teams. The match was between two of the best teams in the country, and the competition was fierce from the start. The game began with both teams playing aggressively. The first half was full of action, with both sides having several chances to score, but the goalkeepers made brilliant saves. The crowd was on the edge of their seats as each team fought for control of the ball. Just before the halftime whistle, one team managed to score a beautiful goal, sending their supporters into wild celebration. In the second half, the other team came back strong, determined to equalize. The tension in the stadium was high as the game progressed. With only a few minutes remaining, they scored a fantastic goal, leveling the match. The crowd went crazy with excitement. In the final moments, both teams pushed for a winning goal, but it was one team that scored a stunning goal in the last minute of injury time, securing the victory. The atmosphere after the final whistle was unforgettable. Fans were cheering, singing, and celebrating the thrilling win. It was a match filled with skill, excitement, and emotion. Witnessing such an incredible game made me appreciate the beauty of football even more. The energy and passion in the stadium were unmatched, and it was an experience I will always remember.

Paragraph Writing Composition / Essay Writing AN EXCITING CRICKET MATCH I HAVE WITNESSED Cricket is a very interesting outdoor game. But it is a costly one. Poor people cannot afford to take to it. Though it is the national game of the English, it is now played almost everywhere around the world. It has become a popular game in Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has achieved remarkable success in cricket. However, recently I witnessed an exciting cricket match at the Abahani playground in Dhaka. It was played between Surya Tarun and Kalabagan club. Surya Tarun won the toss and the captain decided to bat. One of the opening batsmen was out after scoring only six runs giving a catch to the wicket keeper. Surya Tarun’s captain saved the prestige of the team by scoring 109 with four sixes and ten fours. They were all out with a good total of 213 runs. Kalabagan had good spinners but they were averagely good in case of batting. On the other hand, Surya Tarun had only a few good bowlers but a good number of batsmen. Kalabagan reached near the target very hard. From the last over they had to collect 13 runs to win. The score was 201 for eight after 49 over. As Kalabagan needed 13 runs from 6 balls, the batsmen in the pitch were in tension. First, they made a mutual discussion and tried to make themselves free from tension. The supporters of both the teams were also in tension. The first bowl of the last over did not let Kalabagan collect any run. The players of Surya Tarun Club clapped much and encouraged the bowler. But the second ball of the last over brought six runs for the Kalabagan Club. The third ball was unfortunately dotted. But the fourth ball brought four runs. The fifth ball reached the deep zone of the play ground but the fielders fielded well and so Kalabagan got only one run. So, Kalabagan needed two runs to win from the last ball. The batsman of Kalabagan batted the ball blindly. God favoured him and it was four runs. Kalabagan reached their target hard. Kalabagan defeated Surya Tarun Club by two wickets after facing a hard contest. This game was very important for Kalabagan because their chance to play in the quarter final was fully dependent on the victory of this match. Really, I was very much excited witnessing the match. It made me delighted for the time being. I told many of my friends about the excitement of that match. Cricket teaches manliness, obedience, patience, perseverance and co-operation. But fairness is the very essence of this fame. It strengthens the muscles of the players and provides them vigour and vitality. Cricket, from the view point of exhibition, is an aristocratic game. It is, indeed, the king of games. AN EXCITING CRICKET MATCH YOU HAVE RECENTLY ENJOYED Cricket is a very popular sport. Nowadays it is played almost everywhere in Bangladesh. In fact, it has a great appeal all over the world. I find much pleasure in playing this game as well as witnessing it. I have watched quite a few cricket matches. Of them the one I remember most was played between India and Pakistan cricket teams. It was held in January 2003. It was a final match. So each team was serious to win this match. Pakistan scored 314 runs batting first. India had to win by scoring 315 runs in 50 overs. The match was really very interesting and exciting. It was full of excitement from first to last. Every player of both the teams was in tension. The spectators and supporters of both the teams were also in tension about the result. The excitement of the match rose high during the last few overs. Both teams were struggling to win. But in one day cricket match one team wins and the other team is defeated. The result of the match was decided in the last over. India won by two wickets at the last moment when there were only two balls left. However, Wasim Akram of Pakistan played superbly. About ten thousand spectators were present in the stadium to witness the match. The game was played in a proper spirit. How exciting the match was! I enjoyed the match so much that I still feel the flavour of that match. THE GAME OF CRICKET Cricket is a very interesting outdoor game. But it is a costly one. Poor people cannot afford to take to it. Though it is the national game of the English, it is now played almost everywhere around the world. The game is played between two teams each consisting of eleven members. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. It is to be maintained at heavy cost. In the absence of a good turf, cricket is played in some countries on coir matting. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. The game of cricket is now played in all seasons. In cricket defence is very important and victory often depends upon good fielding. Three fieldsmen are placed on the on-side ---- one at square-leg, one at mid-on and the third at long-on. Six are put on the off-side --- three at slip, one at cover-point, one at mid-off and the last at long-off. Of the remaining two, one is the bowler and the other, the wicket-keeper. The arrangement of the fielders, however, is often changed by the captain in consultation with the bowler. A match is sometimes played the whole day. The day is then divided into two periods-one from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and the other from 2 p.m. to 5p.m. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the play and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Though Cricket is not widely played all over the world; it is, at present, quite popular in Bangladesh. The cricket players of Bangladesh had cherished in their heart to flourish in the world of cricket. It was this dream that encouraged Bangladesh to face the M. C. C. team in this land. The performance of the players of Bangladesh against the M. C. C. was promising. Gradually, Bangladesh came into the scene. Since then Bangladesh has been participating in all the I. C. C. tournaments from 1979. In the 6th tournament of I. C. C. Bangladesh was able to snatch the glory of qualifying for the World Cup Tournament, defeating the Arab Emirates, Holland and Kenya. This victory qualified Bangladesh to take part in a first grade one-day match and non-official test matches against the test-playing countries. And then Bangladesh played the World Cup Cricket. In the tournament Bangladesh got a brilliant victory against the powerful Pakistan Cricket Team. And by defeating Pakistan in the World Cup Cricket, Bangladesh desired for Test Status. And at last Bangladesh has been given the status of a Test playing country in the recent meeting of the I. C. C. Thus the dream of Bangladesh has been materialized. The players of Bangladesh have great potentialities in the field of cricket and if properly trained; our players may earn more international fame and reputation. Cricket teaches manliness, obedience, patience, perseverance and co-operation. But fairness is the very essence of this fame. It strengthens the muscles of the players and provides them vigour and vitality. Cricket, from the view point of exhibition, is an aristocratic game. It is, indeed, the king of games. THE GAME OF CRICKET Introduction: Cricket is a very interesting outdoor game. But it is a costly one. Poor people cannot afford to take to it. It is now played almost everywhere. But it is national game of the English. Requisites: The game is played between two teams each consisting of eleven members. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. It is to be maintained at heavy cost. In the absence of a good turf, cricket is played in some countries on coir matting. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. The game of cricket is now played in all seasons. Arrangement of the field: In cricket defence is very important and victory often depends upon good fielding. Three fieldsmen are placed on the on-side--------------- one at square-leg, one at mid-on and the third atlong-on. Six are put on the off-side----three at slip, one at cover-point, one at mid-off and the last at long-off. Of the remaining two, one is the bowler and the other, the wicket-keeper. The arrangement of the fielders, however, is often changed by the captain in consultation with the bowler. How played: A match is sometimes played the whole day. The day is then divided into two periods-one from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and the other from 2 p.m. to 5p.m. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the play and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. The rule of the game: A run is said to be scored when the batsman, after hitting the ball, change position once with his partner before the ball is received at the wickets. If the ball crosses the boundary line, four runs are made. When the ball hits the stumps, the batsman is said to be bowled out and when he by hitting the ball gives a catch, he is caught out. Again, while making a run, if the ball is thrown against the stumps before he has reached the wicket the batsman is run out. If he places his leg or legs before the wicket against a straight ball he is out (l.b.w.). First innings of one side continues till the tenth player of the batting side is out. The rival team then comes of bat and proceeds in the same way. In a match generally two innings are played. The team that scores the greater number of runs, after making all the rival batsmen out, wins the match. Two umpires are appointed to conduct and supervise the game. All cases of disputes are settled by them. Cricket in Bangladesh: Though Cricket is not widely played all over the world; it is, at present, quite popular in Bangladesh. The cricket players of Bangladesh had cherished in their heart to flourish in the world of cricket. It was this dream that encouraged Bangladesh to face the M. C. C. team in this land. The performance of the players of Bangladesh against the M. C. C. was promising. Gradually, Bangladesh came into the scene. Since then Bangladesh has been participating in all the I. C. C. tournaments from 1979. In the 6th tournament of I. C. C. Bangladesh was able to snatch the glory of qualifying for the World Cup Tournament, defeating the Arab Emirates, Holland and Kenya. This victory qualified Bangladesh to take part in a first grade one-day match and non-official test matches against the test-playing countries. And then Bangladesh played the World Cup Cricket. In the tournament Bangladesh got a brilliant victory against the powerful Pakistan Cricket Team. And by defeating Pakistan in the World Cup Cricket, Bangladesh desired for Test Status. And at last Bangladesh has been given the status of a Test playing country in the recent meeting of the I. C. C. Thus the dream of Bangladesh has been materialized. The players of Bangladesh have great potentialities in the field of cricket and if properly trained, our players may earn more international fame and reputation. Conclusion: Cricket teaches manliness, obedience, patience, perseverance and co-operation. But fairness is the very –essence of this fame. It strengthens the muscles of the players and provides them vigour and vitality. Cricket, from the view point of exhibition, is an aristocratic game. It is, indeed, the king of games. The Game of Cricket Cricket is a very popular international game. It is not our national game. It is believed that this game originated in England. It is the' national game of the English. But it is now played in some countries of the world. Now it has become an interesting game in our country. Cricket is played between two teams. Each team consists of eleven players. A flat round shaped, smooth, grassy field is needed for this game. Two bats, two sets of stumps and two pair of bails and a small leather ball are needed. One set of stamps, which are three in number, is fixed just opposite to the other. The distance between them is twenty two yards. The bails are kept on these stamps, which are called wickets. There are two judges. They are called umpires. The captain of that team who wins the toss gets the chance to decide whether it will bat first or field. If the toss-winner decides to bat first, the other team will come to the field to bowl. However, when the batting of the first team is over, the second team bats and the first one bowls and fields. At first two batsmen of one party stand at the front of each set of the wickets. One of the eleven players stands behind the wicket who is called wicket keeper and from other side who bowls is called bowler. The rest stand in different positions. Then the play begins. The bowler throws the ball with the consent of the umpire and hit the stumps opposite to him. The batsman resists it by trying to strike hard with the bat. If he succeeds, he and the other bats man run from wicket to wicket until the bowler can catch hold of the ball. The runs are counted. If the ball touches any of the stumps, the batsman is out. If the batsman strikes the ball and if this ball is caught by a fielder, while it is in the air, then also the batsman is out. He may be out in other ways as well. When one batsman is out, he retires and another goes in to bat. The batting continues till the tenth man is out. The other party then takes bat. The play then goes on as before. The party that scores the greater number of runs wins the game. The game of cricket is a good physical exercise. All the muscles are exercised. It teaches us patience, perseverance, obedience and the value of co-operation. Test matches are played between two countries. This helps to develop fellow–feeling between the people of these two countries. It is a good game, no doubt. Though it is expensive, it is the king of games.

Paragraph Writing ​Air Pollution ​ Today air pollution has become one of the serious problems in our country. At present it is a global problem too. Pollution free environment is the pre-condition for our decent and long life on earth. But now our environment is being severely polluted in many ways. Air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without pure and fresh air. But polluted air is very harmful to life. Air is polluted in many ways. It is smoke which is the main culprit of air pollution. Mills, factories, power houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke all the year round. The black smoke pollutes our air drastically Motor and water vehicles also produce a lot of smoke and fume which cause acute air pollution. Cooking food and the burning down of forests, over-population, illiteracy and civic unawareness are also the major causes of -air pollution. The adverse effect of air pollution is very dangerous. It causes various fatal respiratory diseases. These fatal diseases take away/snatch away a lot of valuable lives every year. Air pollution causes serious ecological imbalance. And ecological imbalance causes various natural disasters which damage our lives, properties, crops, forests and wild animals. In order to control air pollution public awareness must be raised. illiteracy must be wiped out , and population problem must be solved lead-free fuel must be used and burnt oil should be avoided to lessen air pollution. Air pollution must, be controlled in order to ensure our happier, healthier and longer life. Model Answer-2 AIR POLLUTION ​ “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase but many of us realise that this has become irrelevant in today’s world, because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. In the recent years, some environment-friendly measures have helped us clearing up much of the visible elements of air pollution but air pollution still can be deadly even if we can’t see it. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air. Man makes fire to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, power-houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. The most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying on the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial areas become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. It causes lung diseases and cancer. Clean air is essential for life. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. To complement regulations imposed by the government, our combined effort is also needed to diminish air pollution.[The introductory two sentences can be excluded or altered if necessary.] Model Answer-3 Air Pollution ​ Air is the most important element of human environment. All biological organisms require air for breathing. But nowadays air is being polluted gradually. Air pollution is very acute in towns and cities. This pollution is caused by industrialization and urbanization. Air is seriously polluted by the factories and vehicles. This polluted air is inhaled by humans and plants. As a result we are falling prey to various diseases. The industries are located in populated areas. So, the noxious gas easily finds a place in the urban homes. Burning petrols and diesels of the vehicles and indiscriminate discharge of the human waste are also causing serious air pollution. Respiratory illness, deafness, blindness and many incurable diseases are the after effects of air pollution. Sometimes leakages of poisonous gas cause sudden death. Air pollution is also causing decay of Ozone layer. Today it has led to a new environment catastrophe. We must take adequate measures to prevent air pollution. Otherwise our health as well as our future generation will be at stake. Air Pollution Air pollution occurs when harmful gases, dust, or smoke contaminate the air we breathe, causing serious problems for the environment and human health. It is mainly caused by human activities such as emissions from factories, vehicles, and the burning of waste or fossil fuels. Natural events like volcanic eruptions and forest fires can also contribute, but the majority of pollution comes from human actions. Air pollution has severe effects on health, including breathing problems, lung diseases, and heart conditions. It also leads to global warming by increasing greenhouse gases, causing rising temperatures, melting ice, and extreme weather patterns. Plants, animals, and natural beauty are also harmed, as polluted air damages crops, forests, and ecosystems. To combat air pollution, we must take effective measures. Factories should install filters to reduce harmful emissions, and people should choose public transport, bicycles, or electric vehicles to limit pollution from cars. Planting trees can help as they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Governments should enforce strict rules to control industrial pollution and vehicle emissions. Additionally, switching to clean energy sources like wind and solar power can reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Awareness is key, and everyone should contribute by saving energy, avoiding plastic, and supporting eco-friendly practices. By working together, we can reduce air pollution and ensure a healthier future for the planet and ourselves. Bangla Translation: বর্তমানে বায়ু দূষণ আমাদের দেশের অন্যতম গুরুতর সমস্যা হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছে। বর্তমানে এটি একটি বৈশ্বিক সমস্যাও বটে। দূষণমুক্ত পরিবেশ পৃথিবীতে আমাদের শালীন ও দীর্ঘ জীবনের পূর্বশর্ত। কিন্তু বর্তমানে আমাদের পরিবেশ নানাভাবে মারাত্মকভাবে দূষিত হচ্ছে। বায়ু আমাদের পরিবেশের অন্যতম প্রধান উপাদান। বিশুদ্ধ ও বিশুদ্ধ বাতাস ছাড়া কোনো জীবন সম্ভব নয়। কিন্তু দূষিত বায়ু জীবনের জন্য খুবই ক্ষতিকর। বায়ু নানাভাবে দূষিত হয়। এটি ধোঁয়া যা বায়ু দূষণের প্রধান অপরাধী। কল-কারখানা, পাওয়ার হাউস, ইটভাটা এবং রেল ইঞ্জিন সারা বছরই বিশাল কালো ধোঁয়া নির্গত করে। কালো ধোঁয়া আমাদের বায়ুকে আমূল দূষিত করে মোটর এবং জলের যানবাহনগুলিও প্রচুর ধোঁয়া এবং ধোঁয়া তৈরি করে যা তীব্র বায়ু দূষণের কারণ হয়। খাবার রান্না করা এবং বন পুড়িয়ে ফেলা, অতিরিক্ত জনসংখ্যা, নিরক্ষরতা এবং নাগরিক অসচেতনতাও বায়ু দূষণের প্রধান কারণ। বায়ু দূষণের বিরূপ প্রভাব খুবই বিপজ্জনক। এটি বিভিন্ন মারাত্মক শ্বাসযন্ত্রের রোগ সৃষ্টি করে। এই মারাত্মক রোগগুলি প্রতি বছর অনেক মূল্যবান জীবন কেড়ে নেয়/ছিনিয়ে নেয়। বায়ু দূষণ মারাত্মক পরিবেশগত ভারসাম্যহীনতা সৃষ্টি করে। এবং পরিবেশগত ভারসাম্যহীনতার কারণে বিভিন্ন প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগ ঘটে যা আমাদের জীবন, সম্পত্তি, ফসল, বন এবং বন্য প্রাণীর ক্ষতি করে। বায়ু দূষণ নিয়ন্ত্রণে জনসচেতনতা বাড়াতে হবে। নিরক্ষরতা দূর করতে হবে, এবং জনসংখ্যা সমস্যার সমাধান করতে হবে সীসা-মুক্ত জ্বালানী ব্যবহার করতে হবে এবং বায়ু দূষণ কমাতে পোড়া তেল এড়িয়ে চলতে হবে। আমাদের সুখী, স্বাস্থ্যকর এবং দীর্ঘ জীবন নিশ্চিত করার জন্য বায়ু দূষণ নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে হবে। Composition / Essay Writing Air Pollution Air pollution happens when harmful gases, dust, or smoke mix with the air we breathe. It is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. Air pollution harms the environment, human health, and even animals. There are many causes of air pollution. Factories and industries release harmful gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the air. Vehicles that run on petrol and diesel also produce dangerous smoke. Burning garbage, plastic, and crops adds to the problem. Natural causes, like volcanic eruptions or forest fires, can also pollute the air, but most pollution is caused by human activities. Air pollution has serious effects. It makes the air dirty and unsafe to breathe, leading to diseases like asthma, lung infections, and even cancer. It also causes global warming by increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This leads to rising temperatures, melting ice, and unpredictable weather. Air pollution damages plants and animals, reduces food production, and harms the beauty of nature. To reduce air pollution, we need to take action. Factories should use filters to stop harmful gases from escaping into the air. People should use public transport, bicycles, or electric cars instead of fuel-powered vehicles. Planting more trees is also important because trees clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide. Governments can help by making strict rules about waste burning, vehicle emissions, and industrial pollution. Air pollution is a global problem, so everyone must work together to solve it. People can help by using less electricity, avoiding plastic, and supporting clean energy sources like solar or wind power. Raising awareness about air pollution and its dangers is also important. In conclusion, air pollution is a serious issue that harms our health and the environment. With proper actions and cooperation, we can reduce air pollution and create a cleaner, healthier world for future

Composition / Essay Writing Agriculture in Bangladesh Agricultural country, the old method of cultivation, flood, flood control, cash crop and food grains, industries, economic depression, sufferings, rice, sugarcane, peasants’ dependence on rain, mass literacy, scientific implements for agriculture, co­operative farming, damage of crops due to natural calamities, plant protection. Bangladesh is an agricultural country. About ninety percent of her population depend wholly or partially on agriculture. The methods of agriculture of the country are mostly old and out-dated. The farmer here depends on seasonal rains for cultivation but sometimes heavy rainfall causes flood. The problem of the Government is to control flood and regulate courses of water. The agricultural produces of Bangladesh can chiefly be divided into two classes- cash crops and food crops. Jute earns a great amount of foreign exchange every year. Eighty percent of the world’s supply of jute comes from Bangladesh. Jute is, therefore, rightly called the golden fibre of Bangladesh. Many important industries depend on agricultural products. Both men and animals depend on agriculture for foodstuff. Any shortage of agriculture products causes economic depression of the country. Failure of food crops brings sufferings to the entire population of the country. The chief food crop of Bangladesh is rice. Though Bangladesh is an important rice producing country yet it cannot supply adequate food to her inhabitants throughout the whole year. Besides these, Bangladesh also produces tea which is exported to foreign countries and thus increases our foreign exchange. Sugarcane is also another cash crop of Bangladesh. In Bangladesh the method of agriculture is primitive. Lack of scientific methods of agriculture cause very low yield of crops in our country. Our people do not know how to use manure and fertilizer for the fertility of their soil. They are helpless victims of natural calamities like flood and draught. For the cultivation of their land they depend on rain which may not give a timely visit for the benefit of their crops. The first thing necessary for the improvement or our agriculture is the education of our peasants. Free primary schools should be set up for their children and night schools for the adults. Agricultural schools and colleges should be established in large numbers. Farmers should be taught the uses of implements for the cultivation of their land. They should no longer remain helpless at the mercy of nature. They should know how to irrigate and manure their land. Most of our peasants have not the means to purchase scientific power pump, machine appliances like tractors etc. Again these implements cannot be used in small plots of land. So, land should be nationalised, fragmentation of land should be stopped. Agriculture should be started on co-operative basis. Every year natural calamities like floods, cyclone, tidal waves cause a great havoc to our crops. Year after yare there is gradual low out put in the field of agriculture. To prevent this both the Government and the public should come forward. By proper embankment we can save our crops from flood and direct it into proper channels. Plant protection department should actively come forward against disease and insects of our plants. AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Our Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. About 80% of her people live by agriculture. Agriculture is the heart of our economy. It provides food to her people and raw materials to her industries. Bangladesh has a very rich soil and a suitable climate for agricultural production. But agriculture in our country is beset with multifarious problems. Our peasants can hardly make both ends meet. The soil of Bangladesh is fertile but the method of our agriculture is still very old and back-dated. Our farmers have no idea of the scientific method of cultivation and farming. They do not know how to use manure and fertiliser. They are helpless victims of flood and drought. For the irrigation of their land they depend mainly on rains. The foremost measure necessary for the improvement of our agriculture is the education of our peasants. Their outlook must be changed and their superstitions should be removed. They should be taught the use of scientific methods for the cultivation of their land. As the method of our agriculture is very old and outdated the crying need of the hour is to modernise it. To achieve this end, we have to introduce suitable machinery and a number of agrarian measures in our agriculture. Government should come forward to help the cultivators to get all these things. Land should be nationalised and steps should be taken for collective farming. If agriculture in Bangladesh can be modernised, agriculture and industry must go hand in hand. Every year natural calamities like flood and drought make havoc of our agriculture. To prevent these the people and the Government should work in co-operation with each other to extend irrigation facilities wherever necessary. Besides these, waste land should be brought under cultivation. Arrangements should be made for intensive cultivation by proper irrigation of land. Measures should be taken to check soil erosion. Distribution of better seeds among the farmers at low prices should be ensured. Arrangement should also be made for giving cheap credit to poor farmers. The system of marketing should be properly organised in order to ensure to the farmers a fair price of their produce. It is heartening that the Governement of Bangladesh has undertaken various schemes to improve the condition of our culture. Our farmers have begun using modern methods of cultivation. Line-sowing has already been introduced for the cultivation of rice and jute. The Agricultural Banks are advancing loans to cultivators. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) are doing a lot to improve seeds and methods of cultivation in the country. In fine it can be said that the problems cannot be solved by any single agency or organisation. They can be solved only by the concerted efforts of the whole nation. AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Our Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. About 80% of her people live by agriculture. Agriculture is the heart of our economy. It provides food to her people and raw materials to her industries. Bangladesh has a very rich soil and a suitable climate for agricultural production. But agriculture in our country is no longer a very prosperous occupation. It is beset with multifarious problems. Our peasants can hardly make both ends meet. The soil of Bangladesh is fertile but the method of our agriculture is still very old and back­dated. Our farmers have no idea of the scientific method of cultivation and farming. They do not know how to use manure and fertiliser. They are helpless victims of flood and drought. For the irrigation of their land they depend mainly on rains. The foremost measure necessary for the improvement of our agriculture is the education of our peasants. Their outlook must be changed and their superstitions should be removed. They should be taught the use of scientific methods for the cultivation of their land. They must not be left at the mercy of nature and they must not depend on rains for sowing their seeds. They must know how to irrigate and manure their land scientifically. In short, they should know all the methods by which the peasants of other countries get better crops. As the method of our agriculture is very old and outdated the crying need of the hour is to modernise it. To achieve this end, we have to introduce suitable machinery and a number of agrarian measures in our agriculture. It is not within the means of our peasants to purchase scientific appliances like tractors, etc. Government should come forward to help the cultivators to get all these things. Land should be nationalised and steps should be taken for collective farming. If agriculture in Bangladesh can be modernised, agriculture and industry must go hand in hand. Agriculture produces the basic raw materials for our industry. Through various mechanical processes, we should make them fit for use in our day -to-day life. Every year natural calamities like flood and drought make havoc of our agriculture. To prevent these the people and the Government should work in co-operation with each other to extend irrigation facilities wherever necessary. Besides these, waste land should be brought under cultivation. Arrangements should be made for intensive cultivation by proper irrigation of land. Measures should be taken to check soil erosion. Distribution of better seeds among the farmers at low prices should be ensured. Arrangement should also be made for giving cheap credit to poor farmers. The system of marketing should be properly organised in order to ensure to the farmers a fair price of their produce. It is heartening that our farmers have begun using modern mehods of cultivation. The government is also trying hard for the improvement of agriculture. Line-sowing has already been introduced for the cultivation of rice and jute. The Agricultural Banks are advancing loans to cultivators. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) are doing a lot to improve seeds and methods of cultivation in the country. The Government of Bangladesh has undertaken various schemes to improve the condition of agriculture. But the problems cannot be solved by any single agency or organisation, nor by a few in the administration. They can be solved only by the concerted efforts of the whole nation. AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh is an agricultural country. About ninety percent of her population depend on agriculture wholly or partially. This country is not sufficiently developed in the industrial sector. So we have to depend mostly on agricultural products for our living. Though Bangladesh lives on agriculture yet it is not advanced in the system of agriculture. The methods of cultivation of the country are mostly old and outdated. Scientific methods of cultivation are not followed in our country. Our farmers do not know how to use manure and fertilizer for the fertility of the soil. They are also helpless victims of natural calamities like flood and draught. Many industries of our country depend on agricultural products. Both men and animals depend on agriculture for foodstuff. So failure of crops in any year brings untold sufferings to the entire population of the country. The first thing necessary for the improvement of our agriculture is to educate our peasants. Our farmers should be taught the uses of modern instruments for the cultivation of their land. They should know how to irrigate and manure their soil. But the uses of scientific power pump, machines, tractors cannot be used in small plots of lands. So, co-operative farming should be encouraged. Every year natural calamities like floods, cyclones, tidal waves cause great havoc to our crops. To prevent, this both the government and the public should come forward. By proper embankment, we can save our crops from flood. Plant protection department should actively come forward against diseases and insects of our plants. Nowadays pesticides are already used by the farmers to protect their crops. Dams have been built in some areas of the country. People are now familiar with chemical fertilizers and manure. Now all-out efforts are being made for the development of agriculture in our country. So it can be expected that in the near future our country will be self-sufficient in agricultural products.

Paragraph Writing AFFORESTATION Since the dawn of civilisation man has a close relation with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. And trees are the integral part of nature. They are the gifts of nature. Trees give us oxygen. It saves the soil from erosion. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, afforestation is an urgent. ‘Afforestation’ means planting more and more trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in villages. People must be convinced of the need of afforestation. It is the duty of all of us to maintain balance between man and nature for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. Composition / Essay Writing Afforestation Afforestation means planting trees in places where there were no trees before. It is very important to save our environment and keep nature in balance. Trees give us oxygen, clean the air, and provide homes for animals and birds. But cutting down too many trees, known as deforestation, has caused serious problems like soil erosion, climate change, and the loss of wildlife. Afforestation helps solve these problems by creating new forests. When we plant trees, they stop the soil from washing away and make it healthier. Trees also clean the air by absorbing harmful gases and giving us fresh oxygen. They help reduce global warming by taking in carbon dioxide, a harmful gas that causes the Earth to heat up. New forests are also homes for many animals and birds. They make the environment more beautiful and cool. Forests give us useful things like fruits, wood, and medicine, which help people live better. Many countries are now working on afforestation to fix the damage caused by cutting down trees. Governments and groups are starting projects to plant trees in empty lands and turn them into green forests. For example, some areas with dry or barren land are being turned into forests through tree-planting campaigns. But afforestation needs proper planning. The right kinds of trees must be planted based on the soil and weather. If the wrong trees are planted, it can harm the environment instead of helping it. In short, afforestation is very important for saving the planet and making life better. It helps protect the environment, animals, and people. Everyone can help by planting trees and telling others why forests are important. By working together, we can make the world greener and healthier.

Paragraph Writing ADULT LITERACY ​ Illiteracy is a curse for a nation. It is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh. To educate the illiterate mass is called adult literacy. This programme views to giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people. Its main aim is to make them aware and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing necessary calculations which are very much needed in practical life. Illiterate people do not know what is right and what is wrong and are not conscious of their rights and duties. So, to make responsible citizen adult literacy is necessary. Without adult literacy we are unable to control population explosion. In order to develop our country in all respects adult literacy is a must. To remove this illiteracy steps should be taken by the government. Opening night schools at every village should be made compulsory. The poor people should be supplied with all the items which are necessary for learning. For this all of us have come to come forward and to work in collaboration with the government. Model Answer-2   ADULT LITERACY Illiteracy poses a significant challenge to any nation, hindering its overall development. In Bangladesh, the need for adult literacy programs is apparent. Adult literacy refers to the education of those who lack basic reading and writing skills. The primary objective of these programs is to equip individuals with the ability to read, write, and perform essential calculations, essential skills for functioning effectively in society. The aim is to cultivate awareness and responsibility among the illiterate population, enabling them to become informed and conscientious citizens. Without literacy, individuals struggle to discern right from wrong and lack awareness of their rights and responsibilities. Therefore, adult literacy is crucial for fostering a sense of citizenship and contributing to the control of population growth. In order to advance our nation comprehensively, adult literacy initiatives are imperative. The government must take proactive measures to address this issue. Establishing night schools in every village should be mandated, ensuring accessibility to education for all. Additionally, providing necessary resources to facilitate learning for economically disadvantaged individuals is essential. It is imperative for all stakeholders, including citizens, to collaborate with the government in tackling illiteracy. By working together, we can effectively combat this challenge and pave the way for a more educated and prosperous society. Composition / Essay Writing ADULT LITERACY Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can prosper without education. A nation's development depends on the achievements of education. The developed countries have 99% to 100 percent educated people, whereas our percentage is very meagre in comparison to them. Illiteracy is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. Again the rate of literacy cannot be enough except adults are educated. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh.   A nation with illiterate masses cannot utilise the benefits of modern science and technology. The illiterate people do not know how to cultivate land by scientific method. The rules of health and sanitation are unknown to them. They are ignorant of the gravity of population explosion. To make the people responsible citizens and the country prosperous and capable of maintaining sovereignty, adult literacy is a must.   About 85% people in Bangladesh live below the poverty level. They are more than poor. Their pressure of poverty keep them busy to earn their livelihood. They cannot think the importance of education. Their children grow up without basic knowledge of reading and writing. They become ignorant of their duties and responsibilities for themselves and for the welfare of the state. Moreover, illiterate people become superstitious. It creates social vices. As a result, it creates so many hurdles against all round progress and prosperity of the country.   Adult literacy brings about a change in the society. It can help people understand the right and wrong ways of life. It paves the way of national progress and prosperity. Ignorant people being literate can act wisely in the field of agriculture and industry. They can follow the rules of good health and peaceful life. Adult literacy helps people to adopt family planning. It is for all these that adult literacy is most necessary in Bangladesh.   Many steps have been already taken by the former government of Bangladesh. Adult Education Programmes are conducted on TV on a regular basis. Night schools are working to teach people who can come to class after the day's work. The present Government is also conscious of the problem of adult illiteracy and is making sincere efforts to overcome this problem. The NGO's are also working on spreading education among the adults.   However, the adult literacy campaign should be further strengthened. Opening of a night school at every village should be made compulsory. Attendance of the illiterate adults in night schools should be made obligatory. Every educated man and woman should attend in this programme. Expenditure in this purpose is to be borne by the proper authority. Teachers of schools, colleges and universities and the students thereof, should be organised in batches during the long vacation, to educate the illiterate adults. In this way, adult literacy is to be popularised and made fruitful.   The progress of the country is impossible without adult literacy. When illiteracy will be uprooted, nation will march ahead with all round progress and prosperity. Maintenance of law and order will be easy. Agriculture and industry will flourish. Then we shall be able to materialise the dream of the martyrs to make our country a land of light, of knowledge, of happiness and prosperity.

Paragraph Writing Adopting unfair means in the examination ​ The adoption of unfair means in the examination means copying in the examination. It does not simply mean copying from books etc. Inside the hall, it includes any sort of malpractice in or outside the hall to succeed in the examination. It is one of the signs of other degenerating conditions existing in out society. Many students without preparing lessons waste their valuable time in gossiping, roaming, playing, travelling etc. As a result they are compelled to adopt unfair means in the hall. By adopting unfair means a student frustrates the very purpose of the examination. Merely committing to memory and vomiting it in the examination halls cannot determine the merit of a student. In order to solve copying in the examination the govt. has taken some preventive measures. First of all the govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media. Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying in the examination hall, she/he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any invigilator is found helping any examiner, legal action will be taken against her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examiner in copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the examination centers and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall condition of the examination center. The very system of education should be changed. Above all the government, the teachers, the guardians, the students, the intellectuals, the politicians and all the conscious sections of the country should come forward to tackle the problem. Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing Adolescence Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in one’s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which occurs after childhood and before adulthood. The duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. It is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV. The use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently than adults. Adolescents depend on their families, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they face and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Parents, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent. Bangla Translation: কৈশোর বয়ঃসন্ধিকাল একজনের জীবনকালের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পরিবর্তনের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে এবং দ্রুত গতির বৃদ্ধি এবং পরিবর্তন দ্বারা চিহ্নিত করা হয় যা শৈশব এবং প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক হওয়ার আগে ঘটে। এই সময়ের সময়কাল এবং সংজ্ঞায়িত বৈশিষ্ট্যগুলি সময়, সংস্কৃতি এবং আর্থ-সামাজিক পরিস্থিতিতে পরিবর্তিত হতে পারে। পরিবর্তনের জন্য দায়ী কারণগুলির মধ্যে শিক্ষা, নগরায়ন এবং বিশ্বব্যাপী যোগাযোগের প্রসার। শারীরিক এবং যৌন পরিপক্কতা ছাড়াও, এই অভিজ্ঞতাগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে সামাজিক এবং অর্থনৈতিক স্বাধীনতার দিকে আন্দোলন, পরিচয়ের বিকাশ, প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের সম্পর্ক এবং ভূমিকা পালনের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় দক্ষতা অর্জন এবং বিমূর্ত যুক্তির ক্ষমতা। এটি একটি উল্লেখযোগ্য ঝুঁকির সময় যেখানে সামাজিক প্রেক্ষাপটগুলি শক্তিশালী প্রভাব ফেলে। অনেক কিশোর-কিশোরী অ্যালকোহল, সিগারেট বা অন্যান্য মাদকদ্রব্য ব্যবহার করার জন্য এবং যৌন সম্পর্ক শুরু করার জন্য চাপের সম্মুখীন হয় যা ইচ্ছাকৃত এবং অনিচ্ছাকৃত আঘাত, অনাকাঙ্ক্ষিত গর্ভধারণ এবং এইচআইভি সহ যৌন সংক্রমণের জন্য উচ্চ ঝুঁকির মধ্যে পড়ে। ওষুধের ব্যবহার বা পরিহার এবং যৌন ঝুঁকি গ্রহণ বা এড়িয়ে চলা ভবিষ্যতের স্বাস্থ্য এবং সুস্থতার উপর দীর্ঘস্থায়ী নেতিবাচক এবং ইতিবাচক প্রভাব ফেলতে পারে। ফলস্বরূপ, প্রাপ্তবয়স্কদের কিশোর-কিশোরীদের প্রভাবিত করার অনন্য সুযোগ রয়েছে। আইন, প্রথা এবং অভ্যাসগুলিও বয়স্কদের থেকে ভিন্নভাবে প্রভাবিত করতে পারে। কিশোর-কিশোরীরা তাদের পরিবার, তাদের সম্প্রদায়, স্কুল, স্বাস্থ্য পরিষেবা এবং তাদের কর্মক্ষেত্রের উপর নির্ভর করে বিস্তৃত দক্ষতা শিখতে যা তাদের যে চাপের মুখোমুখি হতে হয় তা মোকাবেলা করতে এবং শৈশব থেকে যৌবনে সফল রূপান্তর করতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। অভিভাবক, সম্প্রদায়ের সদস্য, পরিষেবা প্রদানকারী এবং সামাজিক প্রতিষ্ঠান উভয়েরই দায়িত্ব আছে কিশোর-কিশোরীদের উন্নীত করার। Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing The Danger of Acid Violence ​ Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society. Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society.   Acid violence Acid violence is a deeply disturbing crime that has unfortunately become increasingly common in our society. Perpetrated by a few individuals, this crime primarily targets women, making them the most vulnerable victims in our male-dominated society. Women often face severe consequences for rejecting advances or proposals from men, with acid violence being one of the most extreme forms of retaliation. In some cases, acid violence stems from disputes over dowry payments or other personal conflicts, exacerbating the already dire situation. The repercussions of acid attacks are devastating, not only causing physical harm but also leaving victims in a state of perpetual fear and psychological trauma. The effects of acid attacks are life-altering, leaving victims scarred both physically and emotionally. To combat acid violence, collective action and awareness are essential. Women must remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings, while law enforcement agencies must rigorously enforce laws to deter perpetrators and hold them accountable for their actions. Additionally, providing proper treatment and support to victims is imperative, and government initiatives must be strengthened in this regard. It is heartening to see the government's determination to impose harsh penalties, including the death sentence, on acid throwers. However, our efforts must extend beyond punitive measures to address the root causes of this heinous crime and create a society where such violence is unthinkable. Ultimately, it is only through sincere and united action that we can eradicate acid violence and ensure a safer and more just society for all.  The Danger of Acid Violence Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign   against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. The Danger of Acid Violence Acid violence stands as one of the most atrocious crimes in our modern society, characterized by its sheer brutality and inhumanity. Targeted at individuals, particularly women and girls, this abhorrent act inflicts unimaginable suffering and irreparable damage. The perpetrators of acid violence, often driven by a lack of moral compass and a sense of entitlement, commit this heinous deed out of jealousy, revenge, or as a means of exerting power.Rooted in factors such as illiteracy and gender discrimination, acid violence reflects a deeply entrenched societal malaise that must be addressed urgently. Women, especially, bear the brunt of this violence, often falling victim to husbands seeking dowry or individuals unable to accept rejection. The consequences of acid attacks are devastating, with victims enduring excruciating pain, disfigurement, and permanent disability. Many lose their sight, forever altering their appearance and robbing them of their dignity and societal standing. The impact of acid violence extends far beyond physical wounds, leaving survivors emotionally scarred and socially ostracized. They face discrimination, isolation, and a loss of trust in humanity, as the society they once belonged to turns its back on them. To combat this epidemic of violence, concerted efforts are needed to eradicate illiteracy, challenge gender discrimination, and foster social awareness and empathy. By promoting education, gender equality, and community support, we can create a society where acid violence has no place, and every individual can live free from fear and harm. It's imperative that we launch a unified campaign against acid violence, striving to build a society where such barbarity is unthinkable, and all members can thrive in safety and dignity. Composition / Essay Writing                                   The Danger of Acid Violence Acid violence is an extremely cruel and heartless crime that is becoming more prevalent in our society. It involves throwing acid on someone's body, causing severe and often permanent damage. Sadly, women and girls are often the primary targets of this despicable act. The perpetrators of acid violence are usually individuals who lack empathy and resort to such brutality when they feel rejected or seek revenge. Many times, it's fueled by a sense of entitlement or a desire to exert power over others. Illiteracy and gender discrimination also play significant roles in perpetuating this crime. For example, husbands may attack their wives in attempts to extort dowries, while others may lash out due to feelings of inadequacy or jealousy. The consequences of acid violence are devastating and long-lasting. Victims suffer excruciating pain and often lose their eyesight or sustain severe disfigurement. This not only affects their physical well-being but also shatters their self-esteem and sense of identity. Survivors are left to navigate a world that often stigmatizes and marginalizes them, leading to isolation and a loss of social support. To combat acid violence, we must address its root causes and raise awareness about its consequences. This includes promoting education and gender equality to empower individuals and challenge harmful societal norms. It's crucial to provide support and rehabilitation services for survivors to help them rebuild their lives and regain their confidence. Additionally, stringent laws and swift justice are essential to deter potential perpetrators and hold them accountable for their actions. By working together as a community, we can create a society where acid violence is not tolerated, and every individual is valued and respected. It's imperative that we stand united against this heinous crime and strive to build a safer and more compassionate world for all. Bangla Translation অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা একটি গভীর বিরক্তিকর অপরাধ যা দুর্ভাগ্যবশত আমাদের সমাজে ক্রমশ সাধারণ হয়ে উঠেছে। কিছু ব্যক্তি দ্বারা সংঘটিত, এই অপরাধটি প্রাথমিকভাবে মহিলাদের লক্ষ্য করে, আমাদের পুরুষ-শাসিত সমাজে তাদের সবচেয়ে দুর্বল শিকার করে তোলে। নারীরা প্রায়ই পুরুষদের অগ্রিম বা প্রস্তাব প্রত্যাখ্যান করার জন্য গুরুতর পরিণতির সম্মুখীন হয়, অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা প্রতিশোধের সবচেয়ে চরম রূপগুলির মধ্যে একটি। কিছু ক্ষেত্রে, অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা যৌতুক প্রদান নিয়ে বিরোধ বা অন্যান্য ব্যক্তিগত দ্বন্দ্ব থেকে উদ্ভূত হয়, যা ইতিমধ্যেই ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতিকে আরও বাড়িয়ে তোলে। অ্যাসিড আক্রমণের প্রতিক্রিয়াগুলি ধ্বংসাত্মক, যা শুধুমাত্র শারীরিক ক্ষতিই করে না বরং ক্ষতিগ্রস্তদের চিরকাল ভয় এবং মানসিক আঘাতের অবস্থায় ফেলে। অ্যাসিড আক্রমণের প্রভাবগুলি জীবন-পরিবর্তনকারী, যার ফলে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত ব্যক্তিরা শারীরিক এবং মানসিক উভয়ভাবেই দাগ পড়ে। অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা মোকাবেলায়, সম্মিলিত পদক্ষেপ এবং সচেতনতা অপরিহার্য। নারীদের অবশ্যই তাদের পারিপার্শ্বিক অবস্থা সম্পর্কে সজাগ ও সচেতন থাকতে হবে, যখন আইন প্রয়োগকারী সংস্থাগুলিকে অবশ্যই কঠোরভাবে অপরাধীদের আটকাতে এবং তাদের কর্মের জন্য তাদের জবাবদিহি করতে আইন প্রয়োগ করতে হবে। উপরন্তু, ক্ষতিগ্রস্থদের যথাযথ চিকিৎসা এবং সহায়তা প্রদান অপরিহার্য, এবং এই বিষয়ে সরকারি উদ্যোগকে জোরদার করতে হবে। এসিড নিক্ষেপকারীদের মৃত্যুদণ্ডসহ কঠোর শাস্তি প্রদানে সরকারের দৃঢ় সংকল্প দেখে আনন্দিত হয়। যাইহোক, আমাদের প্রচেষ্টা অবশ্যই এই জঘন্য অপরাধের মূল কারণগুলিকে মোকাবেলা করতে এবং এমন একটি সমাজ তৈরি করতে শাস্তিমূলক ব্যবস্থার বাইরে প্রসারিত করতে হবে যেখানে এই ধরনের সহিংসতা কল্পনা করা যায় না। পরিশেষে, শুধুমাত্র আন্তরিক এবং ঐক্যবদ্ধ পদক্ষেপের মাধ্যমেই আমরা অ্যাসিড সহিংসতা নির্মূল করতে পারি এবং সবার জন্য একটি নিরাপদ এবং আরও ন্যায়সঙ্গত সমাজ নিশ্চিত করতে পারি।

Paragraph Writing The Danger of Acid Violence Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign   against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. Model Answer-2 The Danger of Acid Violence Acid violence stands as one of the most atrocious crimes in our modern society, characterized by its sheer brutality and inhumanity. Targeted at individuals, particularly women and girls, this abhorrent act inflicts unimaginable suffering and irreparable damage. The perpetrators of acid violence, often driven by a lack of moral compass and a sense of entitlement, commit this heinous deed out of jealousy, revenge, or as a means of exerting power.Rooted in factors such as illiteracy and gender discrimination, acid violence reflects a deeply entrenched societal malaise that must be addressed urgently. Women, especially, bear the brunt of this violence, often falling victim to husbands seeking dowry or individuals unable to accept rejection. The consequences of acid attacks are devastating, with victims enduring excruciating pain, disfigurement, and permanent disability. Many lose their sight, forever altering their appearance and robbing them of their dignity and societal standing. The impact of acid violence extends far beyond physical wounds, leaving survivors emotionally scarred and socially ostracized. They face discrimination, isolation, and a loss of trust in humanity, as the society they once belonged to turns its back on them. To combat this epidemic of violence, concerted efforts are needed to eradicate illiteracy, challenge gender discrimination, and foster social awareness and empathy. By promoting education, gender equality, and community support, we can create a society where acid violence has no place, and every individual can live free from fear and harm. It's imperative that we launch a unified campaign against acid violence, striving to build a society where such barbarity is unthinkable, and all members can thrive in safety and dignity. Model Answer-3 Composition / Essay Writing The Danger of Acid Violence Acid violence is an extremely cruel and heartless crime that is becoming more prevalent in our society. It involves throwing acid on someone's body, causing severe and often permanent damage. Sadly, women and girls are often the primary targets of this despicable act. The perpetrators of acid violence are usually individuals who lack empathy and resort to such brutality when they feel rejected or seek revenge. Many times, it's fueled by a sense of entitlement or a desire to exert power over others. Illiteracy and gender discrimination also play significant roles in perpetuating this crime. For example, husbands may attack their wives in attempts to extort dowries, while others may lash out due to feelings of inadequacy or jealousy. The consequences of acid violence are devastating and long-lasting. Victims suffer excruciating pain and often lose their eyesight or sustain severe disfigurement. This not only affects their physical well-being but also shatters their self-esteem and sense of identity. Survivors are left to navigate a world that often stigmatizes and marginalizes them, leading to isolation and a loss of social support. To combat acid violence, we must address its root causes and raise awareness about its consequences. This includes promoting education and gender equality to empower individuals and challenge harmful societal norms. It's crucial to provide support and rehabilitation services for survivors to help them rebuild their lives and regain their confidence. Additionally, stringent laws and swift justice are essential to deter potential perpetrators and hold them accountable for their actions. By working together as a community, we can create a society where acid violence is not tolerated, and every individual is valued and respected. It's imperative that we stand united against this heinous crime and strive to build a safer and more compassionate world for all.