EASTERN ENERGY Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 FALSE customers, should inform, change of address, arrival, new home Moving home section, beginning "Please give as much notice as possible if you are moving home, but at least 48 hours is required for us to make the necessary arrangements for your gas and electricity supply." This means customers should inform Eastern Energy before arrival, not on arrival. 2 TRUE customers, expected to read, own, gas or electricity meters Meter reading section "Always read the meter from left to right, ignoring any red dials." This confirms that customers are expected to read their own meters. 3 NOT GIVEN now cheaper, use gas, rather than electricity, form of heating Not mentioned There is no information about whether gas is cheaper than electricity. 4 TRUE supplies energy, households, throughout the country Moving home section, lines 5-7 "Tell the new occupant that Eastern Energy supplies the household, to ensure the service is not interrupted. Remember we can now supply electricity and gas at your new address, anywhere in the UK." This confirms that Eastern Energy supplies energy nationwide. 5 FALSE Energy Efficiency Line, handles, queries, energy supply Energy Efficiency Line section "If you would like advice on the efficient use of energy, please call our Energy Efficiency Line on 0995 7626 513. Please do not use this number for any other enquiries." This means the line does not handle energy supply queries. 6 FALSE all complaints, energy supply, by phone Complaints section "We hope you will never have a problem or cause to complain, but, if you do, please contact our complaints handling team at PO Box 220, Stanfield, ST55 6GF or telephone us on 01316 753270." This shows complaints can be made by mail or phone. 7 TRUE customers, not charged, call, report a fault in supply Supply Failure section "If you experience any problems with your electricity supply, please call free on 0600 7838 836, 24 hours a day, seven days a week." This confirms that calls for reporting faults are free.     Using your new microwave oven   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 v (Rapid cooking times) microwave cooking times, shorter, recommended cooking times Section A "As microwave cooking times are much shorter than other cooking times, it is essential that recommended cooking times are not exceeded without first checking the food." This confirms rapid cooking times in a microwave. 9 vii (Small quantities of food) heating, small amounts of food, burn, dry out, catch fire Section B "Take care when heating small amounts of food as these can easily burn, dry out or catch fire if cooked too long. Always set short cooking times and check the food frequently." This confirms small quantities of food. 10 ix (Foods low in moisture) dry foods, bread items, chocolate, pastries, burn, catch fire Section C "Take care when heating ‘dry’ foods, e.g. bread items, chocolate and pastries. These can easily burn or catch fire if cooked too long." This confirms foods low in moisture. 11 ii (Foods with skins) processed meats, non-porous casings, pierce, prevent bursting Section D "Some processed meats, such as sausages, have non-porous casings. These must be pierced by a fork before cooking, to prevent bursting. Whole fruit and vegetables should be similarly treated." This confirms foods with skins. 12 x (Liquids) heating, soup, sauces, beverages, overheating, boiling point Section E "When heating soup, sauces and beverages in your microwave oven, heating beyond the boiling point can occur without evidence of bubbling. Care should be taken not to overheat." This confirms liquids. 13 i (Re-heating) warming up, second time Section F "When warming up food for a second time, . .. ." This confirms re-heating. 14 iii (Keeping your oven clean) safe operation, wiped out regularly, grease, food, unplugged Section G "It is important for the safe operation of the oven that it is wiped out regularly. Use warm, soapy water, squeeze the cloth out well and use it to remove any grease or food from the interior. The oven should be unplugged during this process." This confirms keeping your oven clean.   CHOOSING PREMISES FOR A NEW BUSINESS Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 image expensive premises, want to create, impressive Section: ‘What you need’ “Ironically some firms swing too far in the other direction, committing themselves to a heavy initial outlay because they believe in the importance of image – and that does not come cheap.” ‘Does not come cheap’ refers to expensive premises, confirming ‘image’ as the answer. 16 passing trade depend on, need to be, on or near, principal shopping area Section: ‘Location’ “High street premises are important for shops which rely on passing trade – but these are expensive.” ‘High street premises’ matches ‘principal shopping areas’, and ‘rely on’ confirms ‘passing trade’. 17 access produce goods, must check, delivery vehicles Section: ‘Location’ “Manufacturing and storage relies heavily on access. Think about how vans and lorries will deliver and collect goods from the premises.” ‘Vans and lorries’ = delivery vehicles, confirming ‘access’. 18 walls choosing a building, find out, could be removed, to create more room Section: ‘Growth’ “Can a building be physically altered internally by knocking down walls or by extending outwards or adding extra floors?” ‘Knocking down’ = removed, ‘building be physically altered’ = create more room, confirming ‘walls’. 19 contract make sure, states, type of building alterations, might be permitted Section: ‘Growth’ “It is important that the contract includes details of what will be allowed and how much extra will be charged on top of the costs of rebuilding or alteration.” ‘It is important’ = make sure, ‘details of what will be allowed’ = type of building alterations, confirming ‘contract’. 20 housing business premises, located, close to, extensions, may not be allowed Section: ‘Growth’ “The building may be in a conservation area or near housing, in which case it will be much more difficult to consider changes.” ‘Near’ = close to, ‘difficult to consider changes’ = extensions may not be allowed, confirming ‘housing’. CALIFORNIA STATE COLLEGE   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 their department employees, collect, wages Section: ‘Payday’ “Generally, employees pick up the pay checks in their department; if not, they may be picked up at the Business Office.” ‘Pick up’ = collect, ‘pay checks’ = wages, confirming ‘their department’. 22 (the) supervisor who, authorise, overtime, employee wishes to do Section: ‘Overtime’ “The supervisor must approve all overtime before overtime occurs.” ‘Approve’ = authorise, confirming ‘supervisor’. 23 exempt employees not paid extra, working, more than 40 hours a week Section: ‘Overtime’ “Exempt employees receive no additional compensation for overtime hours.” ‘Receive no additional compensation’ = not paid extra, confirming ‘exempt employees’. 24 Human Resources / HR where, employees go, if, wish to have, parking charge taken off, salary Section: ‘Parking’ “A monthly pre-tax payroll deduction can be made by visiting Human Resources.” ‘Pre-tax payroll deduction’ = parking charge taken off salary, confirming ‘Human Resources’ or ‘HR’. 25 (a) prorated system method, use, calculate, part-time employees’, holidays Section: ‘Holidays’ “Regular part-time employees will receive holiday benefits worked out using a prorated system.” ‘Worked out’ = calculate, confirming ‘(a) prorated system’. 26 Leave Request forms documents, must, employees fill, select, Personal Holiday Section: ‘Personal Holiday’ “Employees requesting Personal Holiday will be required to complete ‘Leave Request’ forms.” ‘Required to complete’ = must fill in, confirming ‘Leave Request forms’. 27 (a) grace period name, special entitlement, employees with birthdays, second half of December Section: ‘Birthday Holiday’ “What is known as a grace period through January 15th is given to those employees whose birthdays fall between December 16th and the end of the year.” ‘Fall between December 16th and the end of the year’ = second half of December, confirming ‘(a) grace period’.     A Very Special Dog Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 B (had pepper and coffee around them.) drugs, suitcase Paragraph 2, Lines 2-4 "... is a nondescript hardback suitcase. Inside the case, within styrofoam casing, packed in loose pepper and coffee, wrapped in freezer paper and heat-sealed in plastic, are 18 kilograms of hashish." 29 D (they lack certain genetic qualities.) Most dogs, not good, finding drugs Paragraph 3 "Ordinary dogs have a 0.1% chance of making it in drug detection. The new breeding programme, run by the Australian Customs..." 30 B (is not easily distracted.) Florence, good drug detector, because Paragraph 4, Lines 3-5 "It turns out that it’s not Florence’s nose that makes her a top drug dog, but her unswerving concentration, plus a few other essential traits." 31 C (why some people have difficulty paying attention.) Dogs, like Florence, may help, scientists understand Paragraph 4, Lines 5-8 "Florence could help neurobiologists to understand both what they call ‘attention processing’, the brain mechanisms that determine what a person pays attention to and for how long, and its flip side, problems such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." 32 C (changed the way it obtained dogs.) 1993, Australian Customs Paragraph 5 "The Australian Customs has used dogs to find drugs since 1969. Traditionally, the animals came from pounds and private breeders. But, in 1993, fed up with the poor success rate of finding good dogs this way, ... and set up a breeding programme." 33-36 D, E, F, I important qualities, detector dogs must have Paragraphs 6-7 "Champness began by defining six essential traits that make a detector dog. First, every good detector dog must love praise because this is the only tool trainers have at their disposal, but the dog must still be able to work for long periods without it." (I and F) "The ideal detector is also fearless enough to deal with jam-packed airport crowds and the roaring engine rooms of cargo ships." (D) "And finally, with potentially tens of thousands of hiding places for drugs, the dog must persevere and maintain focus for hours at a time." (E) 37 FALSE Methods, determining, child, ADHD, now, widely, accepted Paragraph 4, Last Line "As many as 3 to 5% of children are thought to suffer from the condition in the US, where the incidence is highest, although diagnosis is often controversial." 38 TRUE after, five minutes, vigilance test, some subjects, will notice, tips Paragraph 5, Last Lines "Five minutes into the test, one in ten subjects will start to miss the majority of the blips, one in ten will still be able to spot nearly all of them and the rest will come somewhere in between." 39 NOT GIVEN Vigilance tests help, improve concentration - The passage talks about the use of a vigilance test. However, there is no information regarding the improvement of concentration through the vigilance test. 40 FALSE a few grams, drug, well concealed, best dogs, will miss Paragraph 5, Lines 3-5 "During a routine mail screen that can take hours, the dogs stay so focused that not even a postcard lined with 0.5 grams of heroin and hidden in a bulging sack of letters escapes detection."

Cambridge IELTS General Training 7 Reading Test B Answers with Explanation Call anywhere in the state for one low short-distance rate! Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 C (the HIGHFLIER plan) monthly access fee, highest, call rates, lowest Table (HIGHFLIER section) "If you compare the call rates in the HIGHFLIER plan with other plans, you will see that these call rates are the lowest." 2 D (ALL three of the plans) calls, charged, short-distance, long-distance, rates Paragraph 1, Lines 2-3 "Calls in each plan are charged at only two rates – short-distance and long-distance." 3 A (the LEISURETIME plan) NOT primarily intended, need a mobile phone, for work LEISURETIME section, beginning "Your mobile phone is mainly for personal use. You use your phone to keep family and friends in touch. You don’t want to strain your budget." 4 B (the EXECUTIVE plan) cost-effective choice, spend, just over $100 a month, calls Table (EXECUTIVE section) "The blue circles indicate that the EXECUTIVE plan is the best choice to save money (cost-effective) as the range is just over $100 ($95-$180)." 5 C (the HIGHFLIER plan) costs, 21 cents, 30-second, long-distance call, 2 pm Table "Take a look at the table again and follow all the blue circles." 6 D (ALL three of the plans) connection fee, $30 Table, last line "This means the connection fee for all three plans is the same which is $30." 7 A (the LEISURETIME plan) have to pay, minimum amount, calls, each month LEISURETIME section, last line "However, a monthly minimum call charge applies."     Westwinds Farm Campsite   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 FALSE campsite, open, all year round First paragraph, line 1 "Open April-September." This means the campsite is NOT open all year round. 9 TRUE should book ahead, busier times Second paragraph, line 2 "(Booking is advised for holidays in July and August to guarantee a place.)" Here, Booking is advised = should book ahead, holidays = busier times. 10 NOT GIVEN minimum stay, campsite, two nights Not mentioned No information about the minimum stay at the campsite. 11 NOT GIVEN entrance, locked, after 10 p.m. Third bullet point "Let sleeping campers have some peace. Don’t make any noise after 10 o’clock at night or before 7.30 in the morning." No mention of the entrance being locked after 10 p.m. 12 FALSE no dogs, allowed Fourth bullet point "Dogs must be kept on a lead. Owners of dogs that disturb other campers by barking through the night will be asked to leave." This means dogs are allowed but must be controlled. 13 TRUE not allowed, to cook food, open fires Sixth bullet point "The lighting of fires is strictly prohibited." Here, lighting of fires = cooking on open fires, strictly prohibited = not allowed. 14 TRUE owners, may not allow, camp there Last line "The management reserves the right to refuse admittance." Here, the management = the owners, reserves the right to refuse admittance = may not allow you to camp.   The law on minimum pay Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 family business law, minimum pay, doesn’t cover you, if, working, volunteer First section, ‘Who is entitled to minimum pay?’, lines 2-3 "Amongst those to whom it does not apply are those engaged in unpaid work and family members employed by the family business." Here, does not apply = the law on minimum pay doesn’t cover, engaged in unpaid work = volunteer. 16 training may be paid, under £5 an hour, receiving, start of a job Second section, ‘What is the minimum wage that I am entitled to?’, lines 3-4 "The development rate for 18-21 year olds and for workers getting training in the first 6 months of a job is £4.60 per hour." Here, getting = receiving, £4.60 per hour = under £5 an hour. 17 accommodation different rules, provided with, with their jobs Second section, ‘What is the minimum wage that I am entitled to?’, lines 5-6 "There are special provisions for some workers, for example, those whose job includes accommodation." Here, special provisions = different rules, job includes = with their jobs. 18 (the) payroll earn extra money, working longer hours, in tips, counts as part of, wage, when, receive it via Second section, ‘What is the minimum wage that I am entitled to?’, lines 6-8 "Pay means gross pay and includes any items paid through the payroll such as overtime, bonus payments, commission and tips and gratuities." Here, overtime = working longer hours, paid through = receive it via. 19 employer(s) paid below, the National Minimum Wage, should speak, if they can Third section, ‘I believe I’m being paid below the National Minimum Wage Rate. How can I complain?’, paragraph 1, bullet point 1 "If you feel able, you should talk directly with your employer. This is a clear legal right, and employers can be fined for not paying the NMW." Here, being paid less than this = paid below the NMW. 20 pay records According …. law, can ask to look at, your boss’s Third section, ‘I believe I’m being paid below the National Minimum Wage Rate. How can I complain?’, paragraph 2 "You have the legal right to inspect your employer’s pay records if you believe, on reasonable grounds, that you are being paid less than the NMW." Here, legal right = according to the law, to inspect = to look at, employer’s = boss’s. 21 3/three months period of, to complain, if, boss does not co-operate, within, specified period of time Third section, ‘I believe I’m being paid below the National Minimum Wage Rate. How can I complain?’, paragraph 2, last lines "If your employer fails to produce the records, you may take the matter to an employment tribunal. You must make your complaint within three months of the ending of the 14-day notice period." Here, employer fails to produce the records = boss does not co-operate, must make your complaint = have a period .. . .. to complain. Dealing with your office emails Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 22 (obvious) spam Delete Section ‘Prioritising incoming messages’, lines 2-3 "If it is obvious spam, it can be deleted without reading." Here, obvious spam = Delete. 23 message time sort email, according to, sender, subject Section ‘Prioritising incoming messages’, bullet points "Has the email been in your inbox for long? Check the message time." Here, message time = third bullet point after sender and subject. 24 prompt attention Deal with emails, need Section ‘Prioritising incoming messages’, last lines "An initial scan like this can help you identify the emails that require your prompt attention." Here, identify the emails = deal with emails, require = need. 25 reply immediately if email, easy to deal with, should Section ‘Replying in stages’, second paragraph, lines 1-2 "Some emails are uncomplicated and only require a brief, one line answer, so it’s a good idea to reply to these immediately." Here, uncomplicated = easy to deal with. 26 & 27 brief acknowledgement, (definite) date email, complex, first send, give, sender, for answering, email fully Section ‘Replying in stages’ "Having prioritised your emails, you can answer them in stages, first with a brief acknowledgement and then a more detailed follow-up. This is particularly advisable when dealing with complicated matters where you don’t want to give a rushed answer. If you decide to do this, tell the recipient a definite date when you’ll be able to get back to him or her and try to keep to this wherever possible." Here, answer them in stages, first = first send, dealing with complicated matters = complex, don’t want to give a rushed answer = answering their email fully.     THE IRON BRIDGE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 1638 when, furnace, bought by Darby, originally, constructed Paragraph C, lines 1-3 "In 1638, Basil Brooke patented a steel-making process and built a furnace at Coalbrookdale." Here, built = constructed, became the property of Abraham Darby = bought by Darby. 29 1781 when, roads, leading to… bridge, completed Paragraph E, lines 4-6 "Work on the approach roads continued for another two years, and the bridge was opened to traffic in 1781." Here, opened to traffic = work on roads leading to the bridge was completed. 30 1934 when, bridge, closed to traffic Paragraph E, line 10 "Since 1934 the bridge has been open only to pedestrians." Here, open only to pedestrians = bridge closed to traffic. 31 2001 when, model of the bridge, built Paragraph G, lines 6-7 "So in 2001, a half-scale model of the bridge was built." Here, half-scale model = model of the bridge. 32 TRUE no written evidence, how, original bridge, constructed Paragraph F, beginning "Despite its pioneering technology, no eye-witness accounts are known which describe the iron bridge being erected." Here, no eye-witness accounts = no written evidence. 33 FALSE painting, Elias Martin, only one, bridge, when, was new Paragraph F, end "This is the only one which actually shows it under construction." Here, it was not when the bridge was new, but under construction. 34 FALSE painting, shows, bridge, constructed, from, two banks Paragraph G, beginning "The picture clearly shows sections of the bridge being raised from a barge in the river." This contradicts the assumption that the bridge was built from both banks. 35 NOT GIVEN original bridge, model, took equally long, construct No information in the passage No data is provided on the time it took to construct both the original bridge and the model. 36 TRUE Elias Martin, thought to have made, other paintings, bridge Paragraph I, lines 1-3 "The Swedish water-colour sketch had apparently been torn from a book which would have contained similar sketches." Here, it suggests Elias Martin might have made other paintings. 37 D why, bridge, required, River Severn Paragraph D, lines 1-4 "Ferrying stores... involved considerable expense and delay." This is why the bridge was required. 38 E method used, raise money, for, bridge Paragraph E, lines 6-7 "Abraham Darby III funded the bridge by commissioning paintings and engravings." Here, funded = raised money. 39 C why, Coalbrookdale, became attractive, iron makers Paragraph C, last lines "Coke derived from coal could provide a more economical alternative to charcoal as a fuel for iron-making." 40 H how, sections, bridge, connected to, each other Paragraph H, lines 2-5 "The bridge wasn’t welded or bolted together... it was fitted together using a complex system of joints." Here, fitted together = connected.

Cambridge IELTS General Training 6 Reading Test B Answers with Explanation THE EMPLOYMENT PAGES Saturday Edition    Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 Saturday, Tuesday TWO days, advertise, jobs for teachers Saturday Job Guide (Category B and C), Monday-Friday Job Highlights (Tuesday) "B. Higher Education (Academic Staff) Primary and Secondary Schools (Academic Staff)" and "Tuesday: Education, Local Government" indicate jobs for teachers. 2 Saturday, Thursday TWO days, advertise, jobs for nurses Saturday Job Guide (Category D), Monday-Friday Job Highlights (Thursday) "D. Hospitals and Medical (Medical staff)" and "Thursday: Hospital and Medical, Government Health Vacancies (New South Wales)" indicate jobs for nurses. 3 B university lecturer Saturday Job Guide (Category B) "B. Higher Education (Academic Staff)" indicates jobs for university lecturers. 4 H start, own business Saturday Job Guide (Category H) "H. Self-employment Opportunities" indicates own business opportunities. 5 G permanent job, hotel Saturday Job Guide (Category G) "G. Hospitality and Kitchen Staff" indicates permanent jobs in a hotel. 6 A public administration Saturday Job Guide (Category A) "A. Government Positions (New South Wales)" indicates public administration jobs. 7 I agricultural work, country Saturday Job Guide (Category I) "I. Rural Posts (incl. farm work)" indicates agricultural work in the country. 8 J temporary work Saturday Job Guide (Category J) "J. Casual work available" indicates temporary work.     STANFIELD THEATRE  Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 TRUE possible, book tickets, using the Internet ‘BOOKING’ section, line 4 "Complete the on-line booking form at www.stanfieldtheatre.com." Here, online = the internet, confirming tickets can be booked online. 10 NOT GIVEN 60-year-olds, book in advance, prove, age, discount ‘DISCOUNTS’ section, ‘Saver’ category, line 3 "Savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s and full-time students." However, no information is provided about proving their age. 11 TRUE accompanying, wheelchair user, receives, discount ‘DISCOUNTS’ section, ‘Supersaver’ category, line 1 "Half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion." This confirms that someone accompanying a wheelchair user receives a discount. 12 TRUE get, Standby tickets, 45 minutes before, performance begins ‘DISCOUNTS’ section, ‘Standby’ category, line 2 "Best available seats are on sale for £6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible for Saver and Supersaver discounts." One hour before includes 45 minutes before the performance. 13 FALSE group of ten adults, claim, discount ‘DISCOUNTS’ section, ‘Group Bookings’ category, line 1 "There is a ten per cent discount for parties of twelve or more." Since the discount is for twelve or more, a group of ten does not qualify. 14 FALSE theatre-goers, unexpectedly unable to attend, get, money back Note above ‘GIFT VOUCHERS’ section, line 1 "We are unable to exchange tickets or refund money unless a performance is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances." This confirms that theatre-goers cannot get their money back if they cannot attend.   SELF-STUDY TIPS   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 xi (Prioritise your work) prioritise your work Section B, lines 3-6 ".. . .and make sure that you tackle the most significant tasks first, leaving the easier or less urgent areas of your work until later." 16 iv (Create a working place) create a working place Section C, lines 1-7 ".. . . make sure that you have an area or space for studying. Don’t do it just anywhere. If you always study in the same place, preferably a room of your own, you will find it easier to adjust mentally to the activity when you enter that area..." 17 v (Sit comfortably) sit comfortably Section D, first few lines "Make sure that all the physical equipment that you use, such as a desk, chair etc. is at a good height for you..." 18 ix (Catalogue references) catalogue references Section E, first lines "If you are doing a long essay or research paper which involves the use of library books or other articles, it helps to keep details of the titles and authors on small cards in a card box. It is also a good idea to log these alphabetically so that you can find them easily – ..." 19 viii (Photocopy important material) photocopy important material Section F, lines 2-4 "... If you find a useful article in the library, it is best to make a copy of the relevant pages before you leave..." 20 ii (Take a break) take a break Section G, lines 3-6 "... it may be that you actually need to take your mind right off it for a period of time. ‘Airing the mind’ can work wonders sometimes..." 21 vii (Talk about your work) talk about your work Section H, first lines "Similarly, it may help to discuss a topic with other people, especially if you feel that you have insufficient ideas, or too many disorganised ideas..." STUDY CENTRE COURSES Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 22 K letters of complaint Course category K ('The Customer is Always Right') "An interesting angle – how do you reply to letters from customers? What tone is best and when? How do you achieve results?" Here, 'letters from customers' = 'letters of complaint'. 23 C use, libraries Course category C ('Source Material') "How do you gather information for a project or paper? A practical course which looks at sources of information and how to use cataloguing systems." Here, 'sources of information & use cataloguing systems' = 'use the libraries'. 24 I improve, performance, interviews Course category I ('The Job for Me') "Written and oral course with simulation exercises using authentic newspaper advertisements." Here, 'Written and oral course' = 'interviews'. 25 H acknowledging, sources Course category H ('Quote Me if You Must') "The do’s and don’ts of using source material. How to incorporate it into your own work in an acceptable way. How not to plagiarise other people’s articles, books etc." Here, 'do’s and don’ts of using source material & How not to plagiarise' = 'acknowledging your sources'. 26 G improve, reading skills Course category G ('Caught for Speeding') "Simple eye exercises to help you skim and scan. How to be selective on the page. Using headings, topic sentences and paragraphs for easy access." Here, 'skim and scan' = 'reading skills'. 27 L improve, grammar Course category L ('Tense about Tenses') "For those who worry about their individual words – a look at tenses and other aspects of the language through poetry and song." Here, 'tenses and other aspects of the language' = 'grammar'.   PTEROSAURS    Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 J similarities, pterosaurs, mechanical flight Section J, last half "During the flight, sailplane pilots routinely search for places where heat rises from the sun-baked earth, creating hot air currents called thermals. Undoubtedly, Quetzalcoatlus would have used thermals as well." 29 D identification, type of creature, pterosaur, actually was Section D, lines 4-9 "It was not until 1791 that the great French anatomist Georges Cuvier deduced that the animal was, in fact, a flying reptile, whose fourth finger supported a wing. He named the fossil Pterodactylus, combining the Greek words for wing and finger." 30 F conflicting theory, how, pterosaurs, came to fly Section F, beginning and middle "But how pterosaurs learnt to fly remains a matter for disagreement." "Meanwhile, the competing argument holds that..." 31 K cause, widespread destruction, animal life, our planet Section K "At the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, a meteorite or comet slammed into the Earth. That calamity – and other events – wiped out roughly three-quarters of all species, including all pterosaurs and dinosaurs." 32 A fact, pterosaurs, once existed, all over the world Section A "Pterosaurs stand out as one of nature’s great success stories. They first appeared during the Triassic period, 215 million years ago, and thrived for 150 million years before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period. Uncontested in the air, pterosaurs colonised all continents and evolved into a vast array of shapes and sizes." 33 E first, clear proof, pterosaurs, could fly Section E, lines 3-8 "Unlike earlier fossils, this new find near the Bavarian town of Solnhofen contained delicate wing impressions, establishing definitely that the extinct reptile was capable of flight." 34 G concrete evidence, pterosaurs, hunted, food, from the air Section G, last half "But there is evidence that they were skilful fliers, capable of catching fish over open water. Proof of this has been found in the fossil of a Eudimorphodon, a 215-million-year-old pterosaur found near Bergamo, Italy. Under a microscope, several fish scales can be seen in the abdomen of the specimen - the remains of the pterosaur’s last meal." 35 C (Fabio dalla Vecchia) difficulty, determining, how pterosaurs evolved, without, further evidence Section G, first few lines "‘It’s very difficult to say how pterosaurs changed over time because the earliest fossils we have are of pterosaurs whose fourth finger has already transformed into a wing,’ says Fabio Dalla Vecchia, an Italian researcher." 36 A (Cosimo Alessandro Collini) failed to interpret, evidence, before him Section D, beginning "Cosimo Alessandro Collini, the first natural historian to study the fossil and describe it, was unable to classify it." 37 B (Georges Cuvier) gave, an appropriate name, first pterosaur, discovered Section D, lines 4-10 "It was not until 1791 that the great French anatomist Georges Cuvier deduced that the animal was, in fact, a flying reptile, whose fourth finger supported a wing. He named the fossil Pterodactylus, combining the Greek words for wing and finger." 38 D (Paul MacCready) mentions, ability of pterosaurs, take advantage, environment Section I, lines 2-6 "‘Unlike smaller pterosaurs, it could use natural currents to stay in the air without having to move its wings continuously,’ said Paul MacCready, an aeronautical engineer." 39 (over) a thousand so far, evidence, total of, pterosaurs, discovered Section E, middle "Even though over a thousand pterosaur specimens are known today." 40 11 metres/meters wings of Quetzalcoatlus, measured, more than, across Section H, last few lines "This pterosaur had wings over 11 metres wide, making it the largest flying animal ever known."

MAIL ORDER BROCHURE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 NOT GIVEN Women’s cotton socks, cost, less, men’s Not mentioned in the brochure "In this brochure, we do not find any information about ‘Women’s cotton socks’." 2 NOT GIVEN Men’s silk shirts, available, more than, five colours Paragraph 2, line 2 "Silk shirts M – five sizes, in designer colours, for that special social occasion.” However, we don’t find any information about the number of colours." 3 FALSE Children’s T-shirts, variety of colours Paragraph 2, line 3 "T-shirts C – hard-wearing, white with a variety of animal motifs.” Here, motif = design, (not colour). This means the information contradicts the question." 4 NOT GIVEN Child’s jacket, four pockets Paragraph 3, line 3 "Hooded jacket C – protects from the wind, 4 sizes, large strong pockets.” Here, it doesn’t say anything about the number of pockets." 5 TRUE Buy clothes worth $80, August, receive, free alarm clock Paragraph 5, line 2 "August – Travel alarm clock worth $19.95 free with purchases of $80 or more!” The information provided here is a clear match with the question." 6 FALSE Charge, special next-day delivery, Australia, $7.95 Paragraph 6, line 2 "$17.95 for Express Delivery Service (overnight).” Here, overnight = next-day. The charge is $17.95; not $7.95. The information in the text contradicts the question." 7 FALSE All clothing, guaranteed to arrive, within two months, international delivery Paragraph 6, line 3 "Surface Mail (allow a minimum of two months for delivery).” Here, a minimum of two months = at least two months, may take more than that time. The information in the text contradicts the question."     New Book Releases Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 x creativity, driest parts Book A, first line "This book describes the creativity of Aboriginal people living in the driest parts of Australia. . . ." 9 i Pocket-sized maps, nesting sites, migration patterns Book B, first line "Pocket-sized maps and illustrations with detailed information on the nesting sites and migration patterns of Australia. . . . . ." 10 v avid hiker, journeys on foot, forests Book C, first two lines "The avid hiker" means someone who enjoys walking. "Journeys on foot through the forests." 11 ii biking, national parks, state forests Book E, description "Australia’s premier mountain biking guidebook – taking you through a host of national parks and state forests." 12 ix A-Z of Australian native animals, photographs, informative text Book F, under 'Meal Breaks' "Here’s the A-Z of Australian native animals – take an in-depth look at their lives and characteristics, through fantastic photographs and informative text." 13 iv prehistoric animals Book G, first line "In the description of book G, we can see the phrase ‘prehistoric animals’ in the first line." 14 viii outdoor safety, equipment, nutrition, first aid, special clothing, bush skills Book H, description "A definitive handbook on outdoor safety – with a specific focus on equipment, nutrition, first aid, special clothing and bush skills."   WORK & TRAVEL USA Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 FALSE program cost, internal flights, within, USA Beginning of the passage "This unbeatable program fee includes: return flight from Sydney to Los Angeles (onward travel in USA not included)." Onward travel in USA is not included. 16 NOT GIVEN Emergency assistance, legal advice 'You also have' section, fourth point "24-hour emergency support throughout the length of the program." No mention of legal advice. 17 TRUE InterExchange, similar programs, countries, other than the USA 'WHAT IS INTEREXCHANGE?' section "InterExchange operates these programs for students all around the world." All around the world implies countries other than the USA. 18 FALSE InterExchange, part of, government program 'WHAT IS INTEREXCHANGE?' section, first point "Is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation." Not part of a government program. 19 TRUE no restrictions, type of job 'WHAT IS INTEREXCHANGE?' section, big paragraph "The choice is yours." The lack of restrictions on job type is implied. 20 NOT GIVEN upper age limit, applicants 'YOU CAN TAKE UP THIS OPPORTUNITY IF YOU ARE' section, third point "Over 18 years old by November in the academic year in which you apply." No mention of upper age limit. NETSCAPE: CONTENTS: ARTHUR PHILLIP COLLEGE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 J (assessment and results) all students, transcript of results, relevant award documentation, end, studies Description of assessment and results in Arthur Phillip College "All students receive a transcript of results and relevant award documentation when they end their studies with the College." 22 K (social activities and clubs) enrolment, all students, automatic membership, Social Club, Public Speaking Club, may choose, participate, arranged activities, interaction, students and teaching and non-teaching staff This paragraph talks about membership in the Social and Public Speaking Clubs at enrolment. "On enrolment, all students receive automatic membership to the Social Club and Public Speaking Club." 23 E (credit courses to university) successful completion, achievement of an A or B result, enable students to achieve, advanced standing, these subjects, if, proceed, university study, list of the courses, acceptable, particular university, email Explanation of advanced standing and credit courses for university entry "Successful completion and the achievement of an A or B result in some courses will enable students to achieve advanced standing in these subjects if they proceed to university study." 24 A (about Arthur Phillip College) one of the top business colleges, Sydney, Australia, wide range of educational and training programs, business and related areas Overview of Arthur Phillip College "Arthur Phillip College is one of the top business colleges in Sydney, Australia." 25 G (learning methods) learn from, lectures, seminars, case studies, group projects, individual assignments, and class workshops Description of learning methods at Arthur Phillip College "At Arthur Phillip College you will learn from lectures, seminars, case studies, group projects, individual assignments, and class workshops." 26 I (study commitment) an average of 25 hours per week of tuition time, supervised group study, a further 5 hours per week Explanation of study commitments at Arthur Phillip College "Courses at Arthur Phillip College involve an average of 25 hours per week of tuition time, with supervised group study accounting for a further 5 hours per week." 27 C (orientation for new students) meet, Director of Studies, teachers and key administrative staff, right from your first day Explanation of orientation for new students "During this program, you will meet the Director of Studies, teachers and key administrative staff such as the Accommodation Officer and Student Counsellor."   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 A different amounts of sleep, people require Section A, Lines 1-8 "It is estimated that the average man or woman needs between seven-and-a-half and eight hours’ sleep a night. Some can manage on a lot less. ... states that healthy individuals sleeping less than five hours or even as little as two hours in every 24 hours are rare, but represent a sizeable minority." 29 C investigation, results of sleep deprivation Section C, Lines 1-4 "Researchers in San Diego deprived a group of men of sleep between 5am and 1am on just one night, and found that levels of their bodies’ natural defences against viral infections had fallen significantly when measured the following morning." 30 E reasons why, people may suffer, sleep disorders Section E, Lines 10-16 "... it is estimated that roughly one in three people suffer some kind of sleep disturbance. Causes can be anything from pregnancy and stress to alcohol and heart disease. Smoking is a known handicap to sleep, with one survey showing that ex-smokers got to sleep in 18 minutes rather than their earlier average of 52 minutes." 31 F lifestyle changes, help overcome, sleep-related problems Section F, Lines 1-8 "Apart from self-help therapy such as regular exercise, there are psychological treatments, including relaxation training and therapy aimed at getting rid of pre-sleep worries and anxieties. There is also sleep reduction therapy, where the aim is to improve sleep quality by strictly regulating the time people go to bed, and when they get up." 32 B process, sleep helps, remain, mentally and physically healthy Section B, Lines 1-8 "The latest beliefs are that the main purposes of sleep are to enable the body to rest and replenish, allowing time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated. One supporting piece of evidence for this rest-and-repair theory is that production of the growth hormone somatotropin, which helps tissue to regenerate, peaks while we are asleep." 33 G commercialized man-made product, sleeplessness Section G, Lines 10-15 "Melatonin pills contain a synthetic version of the hormone and are commonly used for jet lag as well as for sleep disturbance. John Nicholls, sales manager of one of America’s largest health food shops, claims that sales of the pill have increased dramatically." 34 E role, physical changes, sleeping habits Section E, Lines 1-3 "Sleeping patterns change with age, which is why many people over 60 develop insomnia." 35 D processes, during sleep Section D, Lines 4-8 "In an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated." 36 NOT GIVEN Sleep, cure, some illnesses N/A No information provided about sleep curing illnesses in the passage. 37 TRUE various stages, sleep, occur more than, once a night Section D, Lines 5-8 "In an average night, there are five stages of sleep and four cycles, during which the sequence of stages is repeated." 38 FALSE Dreaming and sleep-walking, occur, similar stages of sleep Section D, Lines 11-24 "In stage four, usually reached after an hour, the slumber is so deep that, if awoken, the sleeper would be confused and disorientated. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can occur... In the fifth stage, the rapid eye movement (REM) stage... This REM phase is also the time when we dream." 39 FALSE Sleepers, move around a lot, during, REM stage Section D, Lines 11-24 "This REM phase is also the time when we dream. The body is almost paralysed." 40 TRUE body temperature, rises, relatively early, elderly stage Section E, Lines 6-8 "The temperature rise occurs at daybreak in the young, but at three or four in the morning in the elderly."

Cambridge IELTS General Training 5 Reading Test B Answers with Explanation Walk For Charity Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 Weldown starting point Paragraph 1, Line 2 "Please join us for our annual Walk for Charity, starting in Weldown." 2 10.30 (am) latest start time Paragraph 2, Line 1 "30 km: 8-10 am, 20 km: 8-10.30 am, 10 km: 8-11.30 am." 3 new shoes footwear, warned against Paragraph 3, Line 3 "It is better to wear shoes that have been worn in rather than ones that are new." 4 (the) marshals officials, help participants Paragraph 4, Line 3 "If you need help along the route please inform one of the marshals." 5 Fenton 20 km walk, finish Paragraph 5, Line 1 "For the 10 and 20 km routes a bus will be waiting at Fenton to take walkers back to Weldown." 6 every half hour frequency, bus Paragraph 5, Line 2 "The bus will leave every half hour starting at midday." 7 10 kilometre (walk) does not pass, Lower Brene Not mentioned explicitly "The text does not mention Lower Brene in the description of the 10 km walk, implying that it does not pass through it."     The Week’s Best Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 D personal interview Paragraph D, Line 3 "Tonight she drinks coffee in a tent and tells her story to Janet Street-Porter before she sets off for the Pyrenees mountains." 9 F documentary, technological developments Paragraph F, Line 2 "Tonight it is presented by Carol Vorderman who introduces five reports, which include computer-driven cars and in-flight ten-pin bowling." 10 C, E time travel Paragraph C, Line 3; Paragraph E, Line 3 "Previous owners have been able to travel back through the centuries to meet their ancestors." / "The action takes place in underground cities where the environment is controlled by computers." 11 G taken from a book Paragraph G, Line 2 "Paul Theroux’s account of his recent journey from London to Japan and back makes ideal material for this evening’s travel slot. Based on his own novel..." 12 E introduction, set of programmes Paragraph E, Line 2 "This is a TV film being used to launch a new science fiction series." 13 D, G present-day travellers Paragraph D, Line 2; Paragraph G, Line 2 "All she has to do now is walk the length of France and Britain and she has succeeded in walking around the world." / "Paul Theroux’s account of his recent journey from London to Japan and back..." 14 A investigating, possible crime Paragraph A, Line 2 "This TV drama is about a young private detective employed by a team of New York businessmen who send her to Brazil to look into a series of hotel robberies."   BINGHAM REGIONAL COLLEGE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 TRUE arrive, one or two days early Not explicitly mentioned The text does not state this information directly, so it cannot be confirmed. 16 TRUE cost, European Union students, £195 Not mentioned in provided text The given text does not include any details about course costs. 17 NOT GIVEN number of places, strictly limited Not mentioned in provided text There is no mention of a strict limit on the number of places. 18 TRUE students, not charged extra, accommodation Paragraph D, Line 3 "Rooms are allocated by the College Accommodation Service. Rents range from £58.50 to £68.50 for a single en-suite room or larger en-suite room respectively." 19 FALSE College, arrange, local families Not mentioned in provided text No mention of the College arranging homestays with local families. 20 FALSE breakfast, extra charge, College Not mentioned in provided text No information is given about breakfast availability at the College. Student Accommodation Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 C inconvenient, car owners, no parking "There is no space for parking nearby." (Hanley House) Hanley House does not have parking, making it inconvenient for car owners. 22 A best, surfing the Web, Internet "Broadband Internet connections" (Cambourne House) Cambourne House has broadband Internet, making it best for Web browsing. 23 D fewest students "housing 120 students" (Glencarrick House) Glencarrick House has the fewest students among College residences. 24 E new option, offered by the College "this recent initiative" (House Shares) House Shares is a new option recently introduced by the College. 25 B parking, organised, yearly "Parking is available with permits costing £90 for the academic year." (Student Village) Parking at Student Village is arranged for a full academic year. 26 D does not belong to College, privately owned "a privately-owned and managed student residence" (Glencarrick House) Glencarrick House is privately owned, not College-owned. 27 C no private bathroom, shared facilities "communal kitchens, lounges, bathrooms and toilets" (Hanley House) Hanley House has shared bathrooms, so students do not have their own.           GLOW-WORMS Questions 28-33: Matching Sections with Information Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph, Line No.) Explanation 28 D threats, glow-worm, decline D, Lines 1-9 "Evidence suggests that there has been a steady decrease in the British glow-worm population since the 1950s... Possible causes for the decline include habitat destruction, pollution and changes in climate." 29 B used, glow-worms, history B, Lines 6-13 "In Britain, for example, there are plenty of anecdotes describing how glow-worms have been used to read by or used as emergency bicycle lamps." 30 A variations, types, glow-worm A, Lines 5-10 "So within any one area each species will differ from its neighbours in some way, for example in the colour or pattern of its light, how long the pulses of light last..." 31 B distribution, location, worldwide B, Lines 14-18 "Wherever they first arose, fireflies have since spread to almost every part of the globe." 32 E attraction, glow-worms, tourism E, Lines 1-8 "For more than 100 years the glow-worm caves in New Zealand have attracted millions of people from all over the world." 33 C life-cycle, development, stages C, Lines 1-10 "As with many insects, the glow-worm’s life is divided into four distinct stages: the egg, the larva, the pupa, and the adult." Questions 34-40: True, False, Not Given Statements Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph, Line No.) Explanation 34 NOT GIVEN exact number, species, recently - There is no mention of scientists listing the exact number of species recently. 35 FALSE first fireflies, 30 million years ago B, Lines 10-12 "Fireflies very similar to those we see today have been found fossilised in rocks which were formed about 30 million years ago." (This means they existed before, but not necessarily that they first appeared then.) 36 NOT GIVEN populations, decreasing, faster - There is mention of a decline, but no comparison of different countries. 37 TRUE heat, affects, larvae C, Lines 7-10 "The egg usually takes about 35 days to hatch, but the exact time varies according to the temperature, from about 27 days in hot weather to more than 45 days in cold weather." 38 FALSE adulthood, longest stage C, Lines 18-20 "The adult flies have no mouth parts, cannot eat and therefore only live a few days." (The larval stage lasts 15 months, which is much longer.) 39 TRUE unknown, reason, decline D, Lines 10-12 "A lot more research will be needed, however, before the causes of the glow-worm’s gradual decline are clear." 40 TRUE wet areas, glow-worms E, Line 1 "Although glow-worms are found wherever conditions are damp, food is in good supply..."

Cambridge IELTS General Training 4 Reading Test A Answers with Explanation Restaurant advertisements Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Advertisement, Point No.) Explanation 1 B can’t eat, Monday evening B, Final point "EVENINGS: WEDNESDAY – SATURDAY" means the restaurant is closed on Monday evenings. 2 A can have a meal, peaceful country surroundings A, Point 10 "VIEWS OVER BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPED GARDENS" = peaceful country surroundings. 3 E can eat, Sunday night E, Timetable "SUNDAY: Lunchtime – closed, Evening – 5-11 pm" means it is open on Sunday night. 4 C can have, order, delivered, an extra fee C, Point 4 "HOME DELIVERY SERVICE WITHIN A 4-MILE RADIUS OF OUR TAKEAWAY – SMALL CHARGE" confirms extra charge for delivery. 5 A can have dinner, then, stay the night A, Point 7 "ROOM AVAILABLE FOR HIRE" indicates accommodation is available after dinner.     Advertisements on arts and cultural activities Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 6 C friendly greetings, new members Advertisement C, Bullet Point 5 "We guarantee you a warm welcome." 7 D relevant skills, preferred Advertisement D, Final Line "An ability to sight-read and previous experience in choral singing is desirable, although not essential." 8 B could, cheer you up Advertisement B, Brazilian Street Percussion Section "Lift your spirits with the taste of carnival!" 9 B suitable for, variety of ages Advertisement B, African Storytelling Section "An event for all the family." 10 E individual guidance, will be provided Advertisement E, Second Paragraph "The small class (12 students) assures maximum attention for each student." 11 D participants, can take part in, public performance Advertisement D, Concert Details "Rehearsing for a special concert with audience participation on Saturday 1st December." 12 A help someone, overcome shyness Advertisement A, Description "Great emphasis is placed on developing the confidence and abilities of people who may initially be a little apprehensive." 13 B promises, rapid progress Advertisement B, Brazilian Street Percussion Section "You'll be creating complex exotic rhythms in no time." 14 D not held, during the day Advertisement D, Meeting Time "We meet every Wednesday evening from 7.30 - 9.30 pm."   STUDENT LIFE AT CANTERBURY COLLEGE Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 15 TRUE many students, allocated, job experience, abroad Second paragraph "Many students have the opportunity of visiting and working in a European country." 16 FALSE elections, Union President, Executive Committee, together 'Students’ Union and SRC' section "The Executive Committee is elected in the Autumn Term, while the President is elected in the Summer Term." 17 NOT GIVEN staff, LRC, help students, use facilities 'Learning Resource Centre (LRC)' section No mention of staff assisting students with facilities. 18 TRUE nursery care, first-come, first-served 'Children’s Centre' section "Places are limited, so apply early to reserve a place." 19 NOT GIVEN refectory, serves, fast-food options 'Refectory' section Mentions healthy eating options but not fast food. 20 NOT GIVEN Chapel View Restaurant, for students only 'Chapel View Restaurant' section No mention of it being for students only. CANTERBURY COLLEGE: LIST OF COURSES Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 21 F advertising, desktop publishing, presentations Course F, lines 3-4 "Students complete units in picture composition and photographic processing alongside elements of graphic design, and gain hands-on experience of desktop publishing and presentations." 22 A TV production, performing arts, media Course A, line 1 "This course will enable students to experience performing arts and the media at a basic level." 23 G architecture, construction industry Course G, line 1 "This course is designed to provide an introduction to the construction industry." 24 B company management, business-related skills, business practice Course B, lines 1-3 "The aim of this course is to provide a thorough grounding in business-related skills and a comprehensive knowledge of business practice." 25 E working with the disabled, special needs, caring for people Course E, lines 1-2 "This course gives a foundation for a career in caring for children, the elderly or people with special needs." 26 H secretariat tasks, office work, word processing Course H, lines 1-4 "The qualifications gained and the skills developed on this course will provide a good basis for gaining employment in office work. In addition to word processing, the course also covers spreadsheets, computerised accounting, databases and desktop publishing." 27 C beauty therapy, salon management, skin care, makeup Course C, lines 2-4 "Units will include maintaining employment standards, salon management duties, providing facial massage and skin care, instruction on makeup, lash and brow treatments, artificial nail structures and ear piercing."           The History of Early Cinema Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 28 A plenty of capital, purchase, didn't have Paragraph 4, last line "It had a great deal of money to buy up artists and technical innovations from Europe to ensure its continued dominance..." 29 D well-written narratives Paragraph 4, middle "Hollywood films appealed because they had better-constructed narratives..." 30 F excellent special effects Paragraph 4, middle "Their special effects were more impressive..." 31 cartoons, serials not generally made, major studios Paragraph 6, last lines "The making of cartoons became a separate branch... the same was true of serials." 32 (slapstick) comedy develop, both short and feature Paragraph 7, beginning "Only American slapstick comedy successfully developed in both short and feature format." 33 (the) avant-garde/avant-garde (film)/ (films) profitable, 'silent' period Paragraph 6, end "It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success..." 34 A (France) helped, other countries, develop Paragraph 2, middle "The French... helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America, and Russia." 35 C (USA) biggest producer of films Paragraph 3, first lines "The United States was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films." 36 H (Italy) first, develop, ‘feature’ film Paragraph 3, middle "The Italian industry... pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo Vadis? (1913) and Cabiria (1914)." 37 C (USA) responsible, creating stars Paragraph 3, first lines "The star system added a new dimension to screen acting." 38 A (France) made the most money, avant-garde films Paragraph 7, end "The avant-garde film first achieved commercial success... thanks almost exclusively to the French." 39 F (Japan) movies, own culture, outside influences Paragraph 8, last lines "Japan developed a cinema based primarily on traditional theatrical forms." 40 D (Denmark) influence, silent movies, despite size Paragraph 8, middle "Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, played a role in silent cinema quite out of proportion to their small population."

Booking a Wessex Cottages Holiday Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 TRUE office, open, on Saturdays, February, closes, slightly earlier, on weekdays Paragraph 3, lines 3-6 “Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and Thursday 9.30 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. Saturday 9.30 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Sunday Closed.” This confirms that the office is open on Saturdays in February and closes earlier than on weekdays. 2 FALSE receipt, deposit, Wessex Cottages, will confirm, booking, by telephone Paragraph 7, lines 1-4 “When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirmed – we will send you a Booking Confirmation, together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the telephone number of a local contact should you require further details on the cottage before leaving home.” This indicates confirmation is sent via email, not by telephone. 3 TRUE UK bookings, any outstanding balance, must be paid, within ten weeks, sending the deposit Paragraph 6, last lines “Outstanding balances on bookings made in the UK must be settled within 10 weeks of sending the deposit.” This directly confirms that any outstanding balance must be paid within ten weeks. 4 TRUE between, departure of one visitor, arrival, next, properties, visited and made ready 'Departure' section, lines 1-3 “On the morning of departure, please leave your holiday property by 10 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitors.” This confirms that properties are prepared between departures and arrivals. 5 FALSE cost, lower, if, make, last-minute booking 'LAST-MINUTE BOOKINGS' section “If your reservation is made within 10 weeks of the holiday start date, full payment is due on booking.” This means the cost remains the same, not lower for last-minute bookings. 6 FALSE electricity, included, rental, majority, Wessex Cottages properties 'Electricity' section “In most Wessex Cottages properties electricity must be paid for in addition to the holiday price.” This confirms that electricity is not included in the rental. 7 FALSE beach towels, available, for hire 'Linen' section, lines 7-8 “. . . but will not include towels for swimming or beach use.” This confirms that beach towels are not available for hire.     Classifying situations with advertisements Question No. Answer Keywords Advertisement Explanation 8 B had an accident, one of the rear lights, broken, have it replaced Body repair service/ Restorations/ Breakdown service The service offers body repairs, including replacing broken lights. 9 D helping to organise, wedding, party, looking for someone, provide the food Catering/ We will supply the menu The advertisement offers catering services, meaning they provide food. 10 K found a house, want to buy, need a lawyer, to help me, with paperwork Solicitors/ Legal services The service provides solicitors who assist with legal paperwork for buying a house. 11 L just returned, from a holiday, Thailand, bought, Thai recipe book, need someone, help, understand them TRANSLATION & INTERPRETING The service helps with understanding Thai, which is needed for using the recipe book. 12 G just got a new job, find somewhere, to live locally Independent property service, expert knowledge The service specializes in helping people find local properties to live in. 13 J some friends, coming to visit, house, too small, find somewhere for them, to stay Facilities with good-sized family rooms, with TV, tea/coffee-making facilities The service offers accommodations for visitors, which is needed in this case. 14 A work in a local firm, of solicitors, end of the tax year, someone to help, organise finances Auditing, Accountancy and Taxation services The service provides financial organization and taxation help.   Courses Available at North Coast College Campuses Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 B Wollongbar, Tropical Fruit Growing program, banana cultivation Agriculture section, lines 2-4 "The Wollongbar Campus is renowned for its Tropical Fruit Growing program and has introduced modules on macadamias, bushfoods and coffee production." Tropical Fruit Growing program = banana cultivation. 16 H Grafton, Beef and Dairy, cattle farming Agriculture section, last lines "Grafton, meanwhile, offers traineeships in agriculture including Beef and Dairy." Beef and Dairy = cattle farming. 17 K Tweed Heads, Fitness Instruction courses, recreation programs Health programs section, lines 2-4 "Fitness Instruction courses are offered at Tweed Heads and teach students how to put together and lead a safe fitness program." Fitness Instruction courses = recreation programs. 18 E Lismore, Aged Support Program, elderly care Health programs section, line 1 of second paragraph "Lismore offers the Aged Support Program." Aged Support Program = elderly care. 19 D Port Macquarie, Early Childhood Nursing program, infant illness Health programs section, lines 1-2 of second paragraph "Port Macquarie offers the Early Childhood Nursing program." Early Childhood Nursing program = infant illness. 20 I Ballina, Environmental Practice course, beach protection Environmental Studies section, final lines of first paragraph "The Environmental Practice course, which includes Coastal Management, is offered through Ballina campus." Coastal Management = beach protection. 21 F Coffs Harbour, Marine Industry Management programs, fish farming Environmental Studies section, final paragraph "Marine Industry Management programs are offered at Coffs Harbour." Marine Industry Management programs = fish farming. Information on Photocopying Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 22 TRUE Prepaid Services Cards, in use, three locations Paragraph 1, lines 1-3 "Information Services provide a Prepaid Services Card system for student and staff use of photocopiers and associated equipment in the Library, and use of laser printers in B Block. The same system has recently been installed in the Student Representative Council (SRC) for use with photocopiers there." Here, the Library, B Block & the Student Representative Council (SRC) = three locations. 23 FALSE can only buy, Prepaid Services Cards, Library Paragraph 2, lines 3-5 "Initially, students and other users will have to purchase a Prepaid Services Card from a teller machine located in the Library or B Block Computer Labs." This means there are two places from where users can buy a Prepaid Services Card; teller machine and B Block Computer labs. 24 NOT GIVEN smallest amount, can be added to, Prepaid Services Card, Library teller machine, $5 Paragraph 3 "The maximum amount of prepaid services or value that can be added to a card is $50.00." However, there is no mention of the smallest amount. 25 NOT GIVEN Prepaid Services Card, pay, library fines No specific location No information is provided about paying library fines. 26 FALSE notes and coins, can be used, all teller machines Paragraph 4, last lines "These teller machines accept any denomination of coins or notes up to $50.00. The SRC has a smaller, coin only, teller machine." Here, coin only = only coins can be used here; no notes. 27 FALSE PIN, allocated, when, purchase, Prepaid Services Card Final paragraph, lines 1-2 "For added security, a card user may choose to allocate a PIN or Personal Identification Number to their Prepaid Services Card." Here, a PIN is optional; it depends on the choice of the user.           Understanding Bee Behaviour    Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 vi (The special position of bee language) bee language, only animals, own language Middle of Paragraph "For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language." Here, the special position of bee language is highlighted as the only animals apart from humans that have their own language. 29 iv (Von Frisch discovers that bees communicate) Von Frisch, discovers, bees, communicate Paragraph B, final lines "Von Frisch realised that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive, messages which said, 'Out there, at this spot, you’re going to find food.'" 30 x (Von Frisch discovers three types of dance) Von Frisch, discovers, three types, dance Paragraph C, first few lines "But how was it happening? To watch the bees, von Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types." 31 viii (The purpose of the two simple dances) purpose, two simple dances Section D, first few lines "Experimenting further, von Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the round and the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing." 32 vii (Expressing distance by means of dance) expressing, distance, dance Section E, end of first paragraph "If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle version." 33 ii (Communicating direction when outside a hive) direction, outside, hive Section F, lines 5-7 "The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food." 34 v (How bees communicate direction when inside a hive) direction, inside, hive Section G, first few lines "But by studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, von Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction the direction of the food in relation to the sun." 35 round three, kinds, bee dance, Von Frisch Section D "Experimenting further, von Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the round and the sickle dances." 36 sickle three, kinds, bee dance, Von Frisch Section D "Experimenting further, von Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the round and the sickle dances." 37 waggle three, kinds, bee dance, Von Frisch Section E, final line of the first paragraph "But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance." 38 the feeding dish Von Frisch, discovered, difference, dance types, changing, position Section E, lines 4-6 "On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing." 39 the food (source) dance, outside, hive, points, direction Section F, lines 4-6 "The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source." 40 the sun angle, dance, vertical, shows, angle, food Section G, first few lines "But by studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, von Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun."

Cambridge IELTS General Training 3 Reading Test A Answers with Explanation Language courses Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 B up-to-date, teaching systems Advertisement B "LATEST METHODS = up-to-date teaching systems." 2 E established, for a significant time Advertisement E, first bullet point "more than 24 years’ experience = established for a significant time." 3 E examination classes Advertisement E, second bullet point "Test preparation = examination classes." 4 C arrangements, activities outside class Advertisement C, point no. 3 "Study Tours Available = arrangements for activities outside class." 5 D courses for school students Advertisement D, point no. 3 "High School Crash Course = courses for school students." 6 B language teaching, special purposes Advertisement B "BUSINESS, HOSPITALITY OR TRAVEL = special purposes." 7 A, B wide variety, language choices Advertisements A and B "*Mandarin, Cantonese, Thai, Vietnamese, Korean, Indonesian, English, Spanish, Italian, German, Russian = a wide variety of language choices." "CHOICE OF 9 LANGUAGES = a wide variety of language choices." 8 B, D evening classes Advertisements B and D "DAY AND EVENING COURSES = day and evening classes." "morning or evening = day and evening classes."     MAIN STREET, GATTON RE-DEVELOPMENT Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 FALSE road, will be closed, two days, not re-opened, until Monday First paragraph "The next stage in the re-development of the roads in the town of Gatton will mean that Main Street will be closed between Little and Denning Streets from 6am on Saturday, 12 August to 6pm on Sunday, 13 August. The intersections of these streets with Main Street will not be affected." So, the road will be closed for two days and re-open from Sunday evening, not Monday. 10 TRUE road, will be open, as far as, Little Street First paragraph "The intersections of these streets with Main Street will not be affected = the road will be open as far as Little Street." 11 FALSE work, will continue, each weekend, next month First and second paragraphs "We expect that the work will be completed at this time without further disruption to traffic" indicates the work will be completed in two days, not over the next month. 12 NOT GIVEN temporary traffic lights, will operate, intersections, Main Street No specific mention in the passage There is no mention of any temporary traffic lights in the notice, so the answer is NOT GIVEN. 13 TRUE bus services, to the university, throughout the weekend Paragraph 4 "No university bus services will operate through the area between Little and Denning Streets. However, alternative services will operate on bus routes 566 and 45 between Gatton Road, the town centre and the university."   ASHWOOD COLLEGE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 14 TRUE overseas students, must pay, deposit, when, apply Top of the enrolment details "Please complete the Application Form and send this with the correct Non-Returnable Deposit (see below) to: The Overseas Registrar, Ashwood College." Here, Non-Returnable Deposit = the deposit that overseas students must pay. 15 FALSE outstanding fees, payable, by the end, first week Bottom of the enrolment details "Any balance of course and accommodation fees must be paid in full by the first day of your course." This means outstanding fees are due by the first day, not by the end of the first week. 16 TRUE classes, organised, ability level Bottom of the enrolment details "Before entry to the school, students must take an entry test to determine the level of class they enter." This confirms that classes are organised according to ability level. 17 TRUE break, between, each lesson Bottom of the enrolment details "Each hour consists of 50 minutes’ tuition and a 10-minute break." This suggests that there is a 10-minute break between each lesson. 18 NOT GIVEN students, may change courses, any time, during, term No specific mention The text does not contain any information about changing courses during the term, so the answer is NOT GIVEN. 19 FALSE any student, permitted, take, week’s holiday, during, 12-week course Bottom of the enrolment details "Students on long courses except examination preparation courses may take a holiday of one week every 12 weeks without losing their course fee for this period." This excludes students in examination preparation courses, so not all students are permitted. THE TOTARA LANGUAGE INSTITUTE NEW ZEALAND Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 20 Halls of Residence local students, by applying, for, room, in the First big paragraph "Choice of accommodation for all students – homestays with local families or in Halls of Residence with New Zealand students." 21 4/ four weeks places, available, even for students, enrolled, minimum length course First paragraph, lines 2-3 "Intensive English classes are taught in four-week blocks throughout the year and students may enrol for as many blocks as they wish." 22 10-15 / ten to fifteen class sizes, each course, range from, well qualified, teachers First paragraph, lines 7-8 "Classes are small, usually from 10-12 students with a maximum number of 15, and normally contain a mix of students from a wide range of countries." 23 Waikato Students’ Union member, automatically, able to join First paragraph, lines 8-9 "Students who study English at the Language Institute become international members of the Waikato Students’ Union." 24 Waikato river Hamilton, offer, wide range, social activities, city, lies on, either side Second paragraph, first few lines "The Waikato river, the longest river in New Zealand, flows through the centre of the city, providing a picturesque and park-like setting of riverside walks and gardens." 25 picturesque results in, some very, views, enjoyable walks, gardens Second paragraph, first few lines "The Waikato river, the longest river in New Zealand, flows through the centre of the city, providing a picturesque and park-like setting of riverside walks and gardens." 26 ongoing travel arrangements activities co-ordinator, organise, free time, for planning, leave New Zealand Final paragraph, lines 1-3 "The Language Institute activities co-ordinator can assist students to arrange any sport and leisure activities. Assistance is also available for ongoing travel arrangements."           The coal industry and the environment Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 27 C most suitable title, coal industry, environment Passage, no specific section mentioned "The passage mainly talks about the coal industry and its effect on the environment." So, the answer is: C (The coal industry and the environment) 28 v Coal, energy source Section A, first and second paragraph "Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the world’s energy needs. Such measures are helping coal to maintain its status as a major supplier of the world’s energy needs." So, the answer is: v (Coal as an energy source) 29 vi coal, greenhouse effect Section B, first line of first paragraph "The coal industry has been targeted by its critics as a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect." So, the answer is: vi (Coal and the enhanced greenhouse effect) 30 vii research and development, coal, technologies Section C, first line of first paragraph "The world-wide coal industry allocates extensive resources to researching and developing new technologies and ways of capturing greenhouse gases." So, the answer is: vii (Research and development) 31 iv pollution control, environment protection, coal Section D, lines 2-5 of second paragraph "By carefully pre-planning projects, implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining and rehabilitating mined areas, the coal industry minimises the impact on the neighbouring community, the immediate environment and long-term land capability." So, the answer is: iv (Environment protection measures) 32 D greenhouse gases, trends in population and lifestyle Section B, first lines of paragraph no. 3 "Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources and their increasing concentration is largely related to the compound effects of increased population, improved living standards and changes in lifestyle." So, the answer is: D (trends in population and lifestyle) 33 B coal, proportion, greenhouse gases Section B, final lines of paragraph no. 4 "Coal’s total contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is thought to be about 18 per cent, with about half of this coming from electricity generation." So, the answer is: B (18 per cent/18%) 34 B research, energy-producing efficiency, coal Section C, first paragraph "Efficiencies are likely to be improved dramatically, and hence CO2 emissions reduced, through combustion and gasification techniques which are now at pilot and demonstration stages." So, the answer is: B (developing new gasification techniques) 35 A clean coal, energy efficiency Section C, final paragraph "Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency." So, the answer is: A (more cleanly and more efficiently) 36 D dust control, mine sites, runoff water Section D, lines 13 of paragraph no. 2 "Dust levels are controlled by spraying roads and stockpiles, and water pollution is controlled by carefully separating clean water runoff from runoff which contains sediments or salt from mine workings." So, the answer is: D (runoff water containing sediments) 37 NO coal industry, alternative energy sources, environmental damage Section A, first paragraph "Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the world’s energy needs. However, with growing international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of energy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical." So, the answer is: NO 38 YES greenhouse gases, high standard of living, population Section B, first paragraph "The coal industry has been targeted by its critics as a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect... Without the greenhouse effect, the earth’s average surface temperature would be 33-35 degrees C lower, or -15 degrees C. Life on earth, as we know it today, would not be possible." So, the answer is: YES 39 YES world population, twenty-first century, exceed 8 billion Section B, third paragraph "From a current base of 5 billion, the United Nations predicts that the global population may stabilise in the twenty-first century between 8 and 14 billion." So, the answer is: YES 40 NOT GIVEN CFC emissions, reduction Section B, fourth paragraph No information is given about the reduction of CFC emissions in recent years. So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN

Cambridge IELTS General Training 3 Reading Test B Answers with Explanation The Medicine Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 NO should lie down, after, taken the medicine Instructions section "Do not take this medicine on an empty stomach or immediately before lying down." This means the medicine can cause harm if someone lies down after taking it. 2 YES must stop, taking, medicine, if, eyesight, affected Instructions section "If any of the following occur, discontinue taking the medicine and contact your doctor: dizziness, vomiting, blurred vision." Here, "discontinue taking" = "must stop taking" and "blurred vision" = "eyesight is affected." 3 NO must stop, taking, medicine, when, feel better Instructions section "Once you have begun to take this medicine, you must continue to take it until the bottle is empty, unless advised otherwise by your doctor." 4 NO medicine, suitable, person, any age Instructions section "This medicine is not available without a prescription and is not suitable for children under 5 years."     Important Notice: PRODUCT RETURN Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 5 bottom of jar batch number, on, jars First paragraph "The batch number is printed on the bottom of each jar." 6 $5 / five dollars how much, receive, opened jar, contaminated Chicken Curry Second paragraph "Fancy Foods will pay $10 for each jar returned unopened and $5 for each jar already opened." 7 (company’s) retailing manager eaten, Chicken Curry, jar with, one of the batch numbers listed, whom, contact Third paragraph "The company’s Retailing Manager will be interested to hear from people who have consumed chicken curry from any of the above batch numbers." 8 place of purchase information, ask, to provide, about, jar of Chicken Curry, ate Third paragraph "In particular, it will be helpful if they can give information about the place of purchase of the product." 9 $50,000 maximum reward, Fancy Foods, offering, information, who, contaminated, product Reward section "Fancy Foods will pay a reward of $10,000 to $50,000 for information which leads to the conviction of any person found guilty of placing metal pieces in its products." FABULOUS FURNITURE Question No. Answer Section Explanation 10 ii Section C The section explains the benefit of the Fabulous Furniture Credit Card, specifically its 60-day interest-free period, which saves money by not having to pay interest. 11 i Section D This section describes the payment options, whether paying the full amount within 60 days or spreading payments over a longer period with interest charged after 60 days. 12 vi Section E Section E discusses how to apply for the Fabulous Furniture Credit Card, mentioning that the application is free and straightforward. 13 v Section F This section provides information on the locations of Fabulous Furniture stores, which can be found in every major city, and gives instructions to check local directories for addresses. STUDENT CLUBS AND SOCIETIES Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 14 iii (Film Appreciation Society) group of friends, enjoyed going to the cinema, shared our love of movies Paragraph A "This club was first started by a group of friends who enjoyed going to the cinema." 15 ix (United Nations Student Club) non-political unbiased international organisation, plans this year include discussion groups, guest speakers, build a model of the UN General Assembly Paragraph B "We are a non-political unbiased international organisation... Our plans this year include discussion groups, guest speakers and to build a model of the UN General Assembly." 16 viii (Debating Club) fun, debating experience, personal experience, feminism, internal competition, weekly debates Paragraph C "Whether for fun or debating experience, we discuss everything from personal experience, future society or feminism. This year we plan an internal competition, weekly debates and beginners’ lessons." 17 iv (Drama Society) work really hard for great rewards, theatre Paragraph D "On the other hand, want to work really hard for great rewards? Then come and join the club where interesting theatre is created." 18 leave (a) message how, let, CAS President, know, interested, joining a club Bottom of the notice "If you are interested in joining any of these clubs, you can leave a message for the President at the CAS Office in the Student Union Building." 19 annually / once a year / every year / each year how often, CAS Ball, held Bottom of the notice "And don’t forget the CAS Ball is an annual event!"   Student Loans Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 20 NO a month’s cookery course, private catering college, student loan 'Eligibility' section, second paragraph, line 1 “Eligible courses are offered by colleges, universities, the Scottish grant-aided colleges and other publicly funded institutions providing Higher Education courses.” The statement suggests student loans are only available for publicly funded institutions, not private ones. 21 YES foundation course, Local Authority, student loan 'Eligibility' section, third paragraph, line 2 “In general, eligible courses include first degree courses or their equivalents and any other courses for which your Local Authority will pay your tuition fees.” This confirms that the person is eligible for a student loan. 22 NOT GIVEN Postgraduate Certificate in Education, Local Authority, tuition fees 'Eligibility' section, third paragraph, line 2 No specific information is provided regarding whether the Local Authority will pay tuition fees for a Postgraduate Certificate in Education course. 23 NO finish studies, 48, full-time course, student loan 'Eligibility' section, first paragraph, line 1 “You are eligible for a student loan if you are a UK resident and are attending a full-time Higher Education course, below postgraduate level, or a Postgraduate Certificate in Education course, provided you start your course before your 50th birthday.” Since the mother is 48, she is eligible, but this implies she is not too old. 24 YES scholarship, tuition fees, student loan 'Your financial circumstances' section, point no. 1 “The amount of your maintenance grant or tuition fees does not matter.” This means a scholarship does not affect eligibility for a student loan. 25 NO staying with aunt, income, Student Loans Company 'Your financial circumstances' section, point no. 4 “The income of your parents, spouse, partner or other relatives is not taken into account.” This indicates that the Student Loans Company does not consider how much the aunt earns. 26 NO owed money, bank, student loan 'Your financial circumstances' section, point no. 5 “Your previous financial record is not a consideration.” Past financial records do not disqualify a person from getting a student loan. 27 YES previous student loan, withdrew, second loan 'Your financial circumstances' section, point no. 3 “Any previous student loans are not taken into account.” This indicates that a previous student loan does not affect eligibility for a second loan.     FIRST IMPRESSIONS COUNT Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 F different types, purchasing agreement Paragraph F, Lines 5-8 "…which means they offer a total service to put together the whole complex operation of a company’s corporate clothing package – which includes reliable sourcing, managing the inventory, budget control and distribution to either central locations or to each staff member individually." 29 A original purpose, uniforms Paragraph A, Lines 1-2 "Traditionally uniforms were — and for some industries still are — manufactured to protect the worker. When they were first designed, it is also likely that all uniforms made symbolic sense…" 30 G popularity rating, staff uniforms Paragraph G, Final lines "A recent survey of staff found that 90 per cent welcomed having clothing which reflected the corporate identity." 31 E involving, employees, selection, uniform Paragraph E, Lines 2-3 "Giving the wearers a choice has become a key element in the way corporate clothing is introduced and managed." 32 B changing significance, company uniforms Paragraph B, Lines 3-4 "The result is a new way of looking at corporate workwear. From being a simple means of identifying who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication." 33 C perceptions, different types of dress Paragraph C, Middle of the paragraph "Dark colours give an aura of authority while lighter pastel shades suggest approachability. Certain dress style creates a sense of conservatism, others a sense of openness to new ideas." 34 NOT GIVEN more carefully made, past, than, today No specific paragraph We do not find any information on the comparison past and present ways of making uniforms carefully. 35 YES make, employees, feel, part of a team Paragraph B, Final lines "The result is a new way of looking at corporate workwear. From being a simple means of identifying who is a member of staff, the uniform is emerging as a new channel of marketing communication." 36 YES using uniforms, marketing tool, requires, great care Paragraph C, Line 1 "Truly effective marketing through visual cues such as uniforms is a subtle art…" 37 YES being too smart, negative impact, customers Paragraph C, Lines 5-6 "Neatness can suggest efficiency but, if it is overdone, it can spill over and indicate an obsession with power." 38 NO most businesses, supply, company clothing, successful Paragraph D, First lines "But translating corporate philosophies into the right mix of colour, style, degree of branding and uniformity can be a fraught process. And it is not always successful." 39 NOT GIVEN uniforms, best selected, marketing consultants No specific paragraph There is no information about uniforms being best selected by marketing consultants. 40 NO clothing companies, planning, offer, financial services, future Paragraph G, First lines "Corporate clothing does have potential for further growth. Some banks have yet to introduce a full corporate look…"

Cambridge IELTS 2 General Training Reading Test B Reading section -1 Dining out Questions 1-7 (Restaurant Advertisements) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 C open for breakfast Restaurant C advertisement "Restaurant C offers breakfast service." 2 B open every night for dinner Restaurant B advertisement "Restaurant B serves dinner every night." 3 B only open for lunch on weekdays Restaurant B advertisement "Restaurant B is only open for lunch on weekdays." 4 A returned to its previous location Restaurant A advertisement "Restaurant A has recently returned to its previous location." 5 A welcomes families Restaurant A advertisement "Restaurant A is family-friendly and welcomes families." 6 A caters for large groups Restaurant A advertisement "Restaurant A caters for large groups." 7 C only opens at weekends Restaurant C advertisement "Restaurant C is open only on weekends." New electricity account payment facilities Questions 8-13 (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 FALSE receipt, Southport address Section 1A "If you want a receipt, you should send your payment to the Northbridge address, not Southport." 9 TRUE Federal Bank, branches Section 2 "Payments can be made at any branch of the Federal Bank by completing the deposit slip attached to your account notice." 10 NOT GIVEN full amount, instalments General statement "There is no mention of whether instalments are allowed for payment." 11 FALSE Coastside Power Office, Saturday mornings Section 3 "The Coastside Power Office is open Monday to Friday, 8.30 am to 4.30 pm, but not on Saturday mornings." 12 FALSE pay by phone, credit card General statement "Payments cannot be made by phone." 13 NOT GIVEN reduction, prompt payment General statement "There is no information provided about any reduction for prompt payment." Reading section- 2 Central library Questions 14-20 (TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 14 TRUE two computers, two printers Paragraph not specified, general statement "There are two computers and two printers available for public use at the library." 15 FALSE floppy disks, information desk Paragraph not specified, general statement "You cannot buy floppy disks at the information desk." 16 NOT GIVEN information desk, weekends Paragraph not specified, general statement "There is no information provided about whether the information desk is closed at weekends." 17 FALSE reserve, computer, three days Paragraph not specified, general statement "It is not essential to reserve a computer three days in advance if you want to use one." 18 TRUE late, reservation, computer Paragraph not specified, general statement "If you are more than a quarter of an hour late, you could lose your reservation for the computer." 19 NOT GIVEN library employees, knowledge of computers Paragraph not specified, general statement "There is no information provided about whether library employees have detailed knowledge of computers." 20 TRUE library, courses, learn about computers Paragraph not specified, general statement "The library runs courses for people who want to learn about computers." Good reasons for choosing Atlas English language college Paragraph Headings (Questions 21-26) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 iv personal approach Paragraph B, Line 1 "Once the finished newspaper has been created, all the pages are transmitted electronically from the prepress centre to the printing centre." 22 vi first-class staff Paragraph C, Line 1 "A procession of automated vehicles is busy at the new printing centre, where the Sydney Morning Herald is printed each day." 23 vii up-to-date classroom practice Paragraph D, Line 1 "The robots' principal job is to shift the newsprint, which arrives at the plant in huge reels." 24 ix monitored achievement Paragraph E, Line 3 "When the press computer calls for a reel, an LGV takes it to the reel loading area of the presses." 25 iii pastoral care, personal arrangements Paragraph F, Line 1 "The LGVs move at walking speed, and sensors stop the vehicle if anyone steps in front of it." 26 i recognition of achievements Paragraph G, Line 1 "The question newspaper workers must now ask, however, is, 'How long will it be before the robots are writing the newspapers?'" Reading section -3 Robots at work Paragraph Headings (Questions 27-32) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 27 v split location, newspaper production Paragraph A, Line 1 "The production of newspapers is divided between two locations, with journalists compiling news in one place and printing done elsewhere." 28 vii newspaper, printing center Paragraph B, Line 2 "Once the newspaper content is finalized, it is transmitted to the printing center." 29 iv LGVs, functions Paragraph D, Line 1 "The LGVs are responsible for transporting reels of paper, removing wrapping, and delivering them to the printing press." 30 i robots, working together Paragraph E, Line 1 "LGVs coordinate their movements efficiently to complete various tasks in the printing process." 31 viii controlling, robots Paragraph F, Line 2 "A central computer system programs and controls all the LGVs' movements to ensure efficiency." 32 iii future, technology Paragraph G, Line 3 "Advances in automation continue to shape the newspaper printing process, making it more efficient." Flow-Chart Completion (Questions 33-40) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 33 transmitted (electronically) final version, sent Paragraph B, Line 3 "The final version of the text is transmitted electronically to the printing center." 34 (photographic) film/negative(s) pages, converted Paragraph D, Line 2 "The pages arrive at the printing center and are converted into photographic film or negatives." 35 (aluminium) printing plates plates, printing Paragraph D, Line 3 "From the negatives, aluminium printing plates are created for use in the printing presses." 36 programmed LGVs, control Paragraph F, Line 2 "The LGVs are programmed by a central computer to navigate and complete tasks." 37 (tough) wrapping/damaged paper reels, removal Paragraph D, Line 4 "Before use, the LGVs remove any tough wrapping or damaged paper from the reels." 38 weighed reel, processing Paragraph D, Line 5 "The reel is then weighed before being moved further into the production process." 39 paster robot(s) trimmed, prepared Paragraph D, Line 6 "Paster robots trim and prepare the reel before it is taken to the press." 40 storage area reel, destination Paragraph D, Line 7 "Finally, the prepared reel is delivered to the storage area, ready for use in the printing process."

Cambridge IELTS 2 General Training Reading Test A Answer Reading section -1 Use of university grounds by vehicular traffic Questions 1-5 (Use of University Grounds by Vehicular Traffic) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 FALSE University employees do not need to pay Passage, "Members of staff who have paid the requisite fee..." "Members of staff who have paid the requisite fee" implies that employees must pay for their parking permits. 2 TRUE Parking in Halls of Residence handled by Wardens Passage, "A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks, however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned." "A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks, however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned." 3 TRUE University permit does not allow staff to park at Halls Passage, "A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks, however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned." "A University permit does not entitle them to park in Hall car parks, however, unless authorised by the Warden of the Hall concerned." 4 NOT GIVEN Parking permits cost ￡20 a year Passage, no mention of parking permit cost The passage does not mention the cost of parking permits. 5 FALSE Students living in Hall do not need permission Passage, "Students living in Halls of Residence must obtain permission from the Warden to keep a motor vehicle at their residence." "Students living in Halls of Residence must obtain permission from the Warden to keep a motor vehicle at their residence." Patient information leaflet Questions 6-13 (Patient Information Leaflet) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 6 & 7 D, I Borodine tablets might be used to treat Passage, "Borodine tablets are used to help relieve hay fever and conditions due to allergies, in particular, skin reactions and a runny nose." "Borodine tablets are used to help relieve hay fever and conditions due to allergies, in particular, skin reactions and a runny nose." 8 & 9 G, J Ask your doctor before taking Borodine tablets if you are treated for Passage, "Are you taking oral medicines for fungal infections? Do you suffer from any liver, kidney or heart disease?" "Are you taking oral medicines for fungal infections? Do you suffer from any liver, kidney or heart disease?" 10 & 11 B, C You do not need to consult your doctor immediately if Borodine tablets give you Passage, "Other side-effects are dizziness or headaches, and indigestion or stomach ache. However, these effects are often mild and usually wear off after a few days' treatment." "Other side-effects are dizziness or headaches, and indigestion or stomach ache. However, these effects are often mild and usually wear off after a few days' treatment." 12 & 13 E, K You must consult your doctor at once if Borodine tablets cause Passage, "Borodine tablets may cause problems with your vision, hair loss, depression or confusion, yellowing of your skin or your eyes." "Borodine tablets may cause problems with your vision, hair loss, depression or confusion, yellowing of your skin or your eyes." Reading section- 2 West Thames college background information for candidates Questions 14-20 (West Thames College) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 14 NOT GIVEN Chiswick Polytechnic was closed at the same time West Thames College was opened Paragraph 1, Lines 1-3 "West Thames College (initially known as Hounslow Borough College) came into existence in 1976 following the merger of Isleworth Polytechnic with part of Chiswick Polytechnic." 15 TRUE Most of the students at the college come from outside the local area Paragraph 4, Lines 4-6 "In fact, about eight per cent of its students come from continental Europe and further afield, whilst a further 52 per cent are from outside the immediate area." 16 TRUE The college changed its name to West Thames College in 1993 Paragraph 3, Line 7 "Since 1 April 1993, when it became independent of the local authority and adopted its new title, West Thames College..." 17 FALSE There are currently 6000 students over the age of 19 attending the college Paragraph 5, Lines 1-2 "More than half of West Thames college's 6000 students are over 19 years old." 18 NOT GIVEN Students under the age of 16 cannot attend any of the courses offered by the college Not mentioned No information about students under 16 in the passage. 19 TRUE The college offers a more mature environment in which to learn than a school Paragraph 6, Lines 4-5 "They want to study in the more adult atmosphere the college provides." 20 TRUE There are fewer subjects to study in the sixth form of a school than at the college Paragraph 6, Lines 3-4 "They can choose from a far wider range of subjects than it would be practical for a sixth form to offer." West Thames college services for students West Thames College Services for Students Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 vi A tutorial system for regular one-to-one guidance, support and feedback Paragraph A "As a full-time student at West Thames College you will have your own Personal Mentor who will see you each week to guide you through your studies, and discuss any problems which may arise." 22 viii An admissions Service providing assistance in choosing and applying for higher education courses Paragraph C "This service is available to anyone who is undecided as to which course to follow. It is very much a service for the individual, helping you to select the best option to suit your circumstances." 23 x Clubs and societies for students' free-time Paragraph E "When students are weary from study and want the chance to relax and enjoy themselves with friends, they can participate in a number of recreational activities." 24 ii Counseling and welfare willing to listen, offer advice or arrange a referral Paragraph F "This confidential service is available if you have practical or personal difficulties during your course of study, whether of a financial or personal nature." 25 v A Medical service offering on-site assistance with health-related problems Paragraph G "The College Nurses are there for general medical advice and for treatment of illness or injury." 26 vii Careers Advice helping students into employment Paragraph H "West London employers have a permanent base in the centre of college, with access to a database of more than 24,000 jobs available locally and in Central London." Reading section -3 The discovery of Uranus   Questions 27-40 (The Discovery of Uranus) Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 27 1772 Herschel began investigating astronomy Paragraph 3, Line 4 "But not until 1772 did he come across a book on astronomy." 28 1781 Discovery of the planet Uranus Paragraph 6, Line 2 "It was during the latter part of this that he discovered Uranus." 29 1787 Discovery of the moons Titania and Oberon Paragraph 9, Line 4 "The two largest moons, Titania and Oberon, were discovered by Herschel in 1787." 30 1977 First discovery of Uranus' rings Paragraph 10, Line 1 "In 1977, while recording the occultation of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus." 31 1986 Discovery of the last 10 moons of Uranus Paragraph 10, Line 2 "Four more rings were discovered in January 1986 during the exploratory flight of Voyager 2." 32 YES It is improbable that there is a planet hidden behind the sun. Paragraph 1, Line 1 "Someone once put forward an attractive though unlikely theory." 33 NO Herschel knew immediately that he had found a new planet. Paragraph 8, Line 2 "But further observation by other astronomers besides Herschel revealed two curious facts." 34 NOT GIVEN Herschel collaborated with other astronomers of his time. Not explicitly mentioned The passage does not specify whether Herschel collaborated with other astronomers. 35 YES Herschel's newly-discovered object was considered to be too far from the sun to be a comet. Paragraph 8, Line 3 "Furthermore, it was moving so slowly that it was thought to be a great distance from the sun." 36 NOT GIVEN Herschel's discovery was the most important find of the last three hundred years. Not mentioned The passage does not rank Herschel's discovery against other finds. 37 georgium sidus The suggested names of the new planet started with ... Paragraph 9, Line 1 "Herschel wanted to call it georgium sidus (Star of George) in honour of his royal patron King George III of Great Britain." 38 Herschel then ... Paragraph 9, Line 2 "The planet was later for a time called Herschel in honour of its discoverer." 39 James L. Elliot The first five rings around Uranus were discovered by ... Paragraph 10, Line 1 "In 1977, while recording the occultation of a star behind the planet, the American astronomer James L. Elliot discovered the presence of five rings encircling the equator of Uranus." 40 Miranda From 1948 until 1986, the moon ... was believed to be the moon closest to the surface of Uranus. Paragraph 10, Line 3 "Miranda, thought before 1986 to be the innermost moon, was discovered in 1948 by the American astronomer Gerard Peter Kuiper."

Cambridge IELTS 1 General Training Reading Test Reading section -1 Your moulex iron, Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 D pressing button, super shot of steam Section D, line 1 “This button activates a super shot of steam which momentarily gives you an additional 40g of steam when needed.” The image represents this function. 2 A filling, reservoir, distilled water Section A, line 1 “Your iron is designed to function using tap water. However, it will last longer if you use distilled water.” The image corresponds to filling the reservoir. 3 C spray button, jet of cold water Section C, line 1 “This button activates a jet of cold water which allows you to iron out any unintentional creases.” The image matches this function. 4 E vertical position, remove creases Section E, line 1 “It is possible to use this iron in a vertical position so that you can remove creases from clothes on coathangers or from curtains.” The image shows this use. 5 distilled (water) advised, water, use Section A, line 1 “Your iron is designed to function using tap water. However, it will last longer if you use distilled water.” This confirms distilled water is preferred. 6 the (type of) fabric quantity, steam, use Section B, line 2 “You can, therefore, adjust the temperature of the iron and the amount of steam being given off depending upon the type of fabric being ironed.” The type of fabric determines the steam quantity. 7 turn up/ increase temperature drip water, iron Section B, line 5 “If your iron produces droplets of water instead of giving off steam, your temperature control is set too low.” This suggests increasing the temperature. 8 calcium deposits/ furring up damage, iron, clean Section F, line 1 “In order that your iron does not become furred up, Moulex have integrated an auto-clean system.” Lack of cleaning leads to calcium deposits or furring up. Classic tours - coach break information Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation 9 C sit at the front, book in advance To secure a front seat, it is necessary to book well in advance rather than asking on the day or just arriving early. 10 D air tickets, coach driver Some travel companies hold the air tickets with the coach driver rather than sending them separately or requiring collection. 11 C special diet, inform company Special dietary requirements need to be communicated to the coach company when booking, not just upon arrival at the hotel. 12 A pay extra, bathroom Some tours charge extra for a private bathroom, meaning it is not always included in the standard price. 13 B entertainment, demand Entertainment is provided if there is enough demand, rather than being guaranteed at all hotels or available upon request. 14 B booking, hand luggage Classic Tours guarantees that passengers can take hand luggage on the coach, ensuring basic travel convenience. Reading section- 2 Clubs for students Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation 15 E Spanish classes, language courses The YMCA London Central offers language courses, making it the best option for Spanish classes. 16 D international branches, worldwide The Royal Overseas League has branches around the world and reciprocal clubs worldwide. 17 A speak in public, discussion meetings The Commonwealth Trust organizes discussion meetings, which provide opportunities for public speaking. 18 E amateur theatre, drama The YMCA London Central offers drama activities, making it suitable for amateur theatrical productions. 19 A famous sites, excursions The Commonwealth Trust organizes excursions to places of interest, meeting this requirement. 20 B part-time work, job database The Charles Peguy Centre provides job placement services and maintains a database of available jobs. 21 F meet English professionals The London Inter-Varsity Club consists mainly of young English professionals, making it the best choice. International students house Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 22 TRUE long-term dormitory accommodation, long and short stays welcomed Accommodation section, Line 5 "Long and short stays welcomed." 23 FALSE membership, renewed monthly Membership section, Line 4 "You can join for as little as one month and for up to one year at a time." 24 NOT GIVEN subsidised, restaurant meals Not mentioned No information is provided about whether the meals in the restaurant are subsidised. 25 TRUE open to non-members, Tuesday evenings Membership section, Line 10 "The best way to check out all we have on offer is to drop in any Tuesday evening between 7.15 pm and 8.30 pm for Open House in the Club Room." 26 TRUE STA Travel, finance, Students Adviser Advice Service section, Line 1 "Thanks to the support of STA Travel and in association with LCOS... International Students House now provides the service of an International Students Adviser." 27 NOT GIVEN free, Students Adviser, all members Not mentioned There is no information stating that the services are free for all club members. 28 NOT GIVEN appointment, see Students Adviser Not mentioned There is no mention of an appointment being required to see the Students Adviser. 29 FALSE surcharge, accommodation, Christmas Christmas & New Year section, Line 5 "The House will be offering reduced accommodation rates for students wishing to spend a few days in London over Christmas." Reading section -3 Paper recycling Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 30 sustainable/replaceable sustainable resource, trees Paragraph A, Line 1 "Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees." 31 biodegradable biodegradable, less threat Paragraph A, Line 2 "Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded." 32 virgin fibre/pulp virgin fibre, new paper Paragraph A, Line 5 "While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations." 33 governments/the government encouraged, waste paper collection Paragraph A, Line 6 "Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes..." 34 advances removal of ink, recycling Paragraph B, Line 1 "Advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper." 35 quality lower, quality Paragraph B, Line 2 "We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture." 36 contaminants sort waste paper, remove contaminants Paragraph B, Line 4 "It also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items." 37 offices waste paper collected, sources Paragraph C, Line 4 "The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores... also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output." 38 sorted sorted by hand, various types Paragraph D, Line 1 "Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper." 39 (re)pulped mixed with water, broken down Paragraph D, Line 3 "The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres." 40 de-ink/remove ink/make white chemicals added, de-inking Paragraph D, Line 6 "If the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents..."

CAUSTON HEALTH CENTRE: PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 1 B need help, outside, normal, working hours Weekends and Nights section, line 2 “Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day. Urgent calls only please.” Here, "in addition to" = outside, "normal working day" = normal working hours Question 2 F speak to first, general information Receptionists section “Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact-they are all very experienced and have a lot of basic information at their fingertips. They will be able to answer many of your initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team.” Here, "primary point of contact" = speak to first, "initial queries" = general information Question 3 D what happens, register with, the Centre New Patients section “Within 3 months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are invited to attend a health check with their doctor.” Here, "Within 3 months of registering with the Centre" = when you register with the Centre Question 4 A need to cancel, doctor’s appointment Appointments section, lines 3-4 “... if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else.” Here, "cannot keep an appointment" = need to cancel a doctor’s appointment Question 5 FALSE must always see, same doctor, if, visit, the centre Appointments section “We suggest that you try to see the same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know each other well.” Here, "We suggest" = it is a suggestion, not a must-do Question 6 NOT GIVEN repeat prescription, must make an appointment Appointments section The writer doesn't mention anything about needing an appointment for a repeat prescription. Question 7 NOT GIVEN Helen Stranger, Head Nurse Centre Nurses section "Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment..." The information doesn't state if Helen Stranger is the Head Nurse. Question 8 TRUE possible, receptionists, will ask, explain, problem Receptionists section “They may request brief details of your symptoms or illness – this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency.” Here, "may request brief details" = will ask you to explain your problem Question 9 TRUE should give, the Health Centre, new contact details, move house Change of Address section “Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate. It is also useful for us to have a record of your telephone number.” Here, "remember to let us know" = give the Health Centre new contact details, "relocate" = move house     BENTLEY HOSPITAL CATERING SERVICE Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 10 C temporary employees, working 3 hours Meal Breaks table "0-4 hrs —— nil" means temporary employees who work less than 4 hours should not take any meal breaks. Question 11 B employees, work 11 hours Meal Breaks table "8-12 hrs —— 60 mins (taken as 2 × 30 mins)" means temporary employees who work 11 hours should have two thirty-minute breaks. Question 12 F find out, when to have, breaks, employees Sentence under the Meal Breaks table "Look at the section staffing board." Question 13 I employees working with food, must SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS – FOOD HANDLERS section, line 6 "Food handlers need to have an annual dental examination by the company dentist." Question 14 H food handlers, ill SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS – FOOD HANDLERS section, lines 2-5 "Food handlers should report any instance of sickness, diarrhoea and/or stomach upset... Any infections of ear, nose, throat, mouth, chest or skin should also be reported to a member of the Personnel Management team."   Bramley College International Scholarships Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 15 B awarded, results obtained, SCE exam Scholarship Category B "Scholarships are awarded on the basis of the previous year’s SCE results." Question 16 G only available, College’s overseas branch Scholarship Category G "Four half-fee scholarships to outstanding students of Bramley College’s Singapore campus." Question 17 F not offered, every year Scholarship Category F, line 2 "This scholarship is offered every second year." Question 18 E students, need, apply Scholarship Category E, lines 3-4 "Note that applicants need to apply for this scholarship on the Bramley College International Scholarship Application Form." Question 19 A offered, twice, each year Scholarship Category A, lines 3-4 "These scholarships are offered on two dates, to students in the March and June intakes of the program." Question 20 F pays, 100%, student’s tuition fees Scholarship Category F, line 1 "One full-fee scholarship to the most outstanding student commencing a Diploma in Art and Design (Photography) course." Question 21 G provides 50%, one year’s fees Scholarship Category G "Four half-fee scholarships to outstanding students of Bramley College’s Singapore campus." Using the Internet and CD-ROM databases in the library    Here is the table format for Questions 22-27: Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 22 C use, library printers, must have Second paragraph "You can print out your results on the library printers using your library photocopying card." Question 23 B copy, search results, floppy disk, students pay Second paragraph "You can download your results to disk, again for no charge, but bring your own formatted floppy disk or CD-ROM." Question 24 A library staff, search, CD-ROM, students pay Second paragraph "Library staff can do it for you, but we charge $20 for this service." Question 25 A students, can learn, use, Internet Third paragraph "The tutorial will take you through the basic steps to using the Internet, at any time convenient to you." Question 26 B ensure efficient access, library workstations, students should Fourth paragraph "You are strongly advised to book a workstation." Question 27 B any one time, students may use, library workstation, for Fourth paragraph "We have to limit your use to a maximum of one hour at any one time."   THE WATER CRISIS Here are the answers for Questions 28-40: Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation Question 28 ix The demands of development "As countries industrialise and their citizens become more prosperous, their individual water usage increases rapidly." Question 29 vi The thirsty sectors "Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world’s fresh water... After agriculture, industry is the second biggest user of water." Question 30 iv Successful measures taken by some "In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by price increases and the use of modern technology and recycling." Question 31 ii Economic pricing "Impose water charges based on the real cost of supplies... Few governments charge realistic prices for water, especially to farmers." Question 32 vii Ways of reducing waste "One way to cut back on water consumption is simply to prevent leaks... The modern approach is to see used water as a resource..." Question 33 viii Interdependence of natural resources "Grass and other vegetation acts as a sponge which absorbs rainfall... Removal of the vegetation means that rainfall runs off, accelerating erosion." Question 34 iii What the future holds "It is likely that, as sea levels rise, countries in low-lying coastal areas will be hit by seawater penetration of groundwater." Summary Completion: Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation Question 35 prosperous individual water usage, rising dramatically, people, industrial countries "As countries industrialise and their citizens become more prosperous, their individual water usage increases rapidly." Question 36 population increased consumption per capita, growing demand, fresh water, bigger, global "The world’s limited supply of renewable fresh water is having to meet demands of both larger total population and increased per capita consumption." Question 37 (modern) technology reduced consumption rates, price increases, application of, recycling "In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by price increases and the use of modern technology and recycling." Question 38 leaks reducing water loss, supply systems, utilising used water "One way to cut back on water consumption is simply to prevent leaks." Question 39 management longer term measures, environmental, protect, ecosystem, replenishment "Another way of conserving water resources involves better management of the environment generally." Question 40 water deficit global warming, expected to interfere, rainfall patterns, worsen, suffered by many countries "It is likely that, as sea levels rise, countries in low-lying coastal areas will be hit by seawater penetration of groundwater... adding to the water deficit in Africa, the Middle East and the Mediterranean."

Smoke Alarms in the Home Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 1 True "required by the National Building Code" Paragraph 1, Line 2 "Smoke alarms are now a standard feature in Australian homes and are required by the National Building Code in any recently built properties." 2 False "Ionization alarms are the cheapest" Paragraph 2, Line 2 "Ionization alarms are the cheapest and most readily available smoke alarms." 3 Not Given No clear statement - No information is given about how long it takes to fit most smoke alarms. 4 True "you will need the services of a licensed professional" Paragraph 3, Line 2 "For the installation of hard-wired smoke alarms, powered from the mains electricity supply, however, you will need the services of a licensed professional." 5 False "fewer than ten ionization alarms...domestic waste" Paragraph 4, Line 2 "If you have fewer than ten ionization alarms to get rid of, you may put them in your domestic waste. If you have more than ten to dispose of, you should contact your local council." 6 True "produce a short beep... battery is running out" Paragraph 5, Line 1 "Your battery-powered smoke alarm will produce a short beep every 60 seconds to alert you when the battery is running out and needs replacing." 7 Not Given No clear statement - No information is given about whether old smoke alarms need to be checked more than once a month.     Sydney Opera House Tours Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 8 C "students and children of 16 and under $24.50" Paragraph C, Line 4 "Concessions: Australian seniors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50." 9 E "Flat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn." Paragraph E, Line 4 "Flat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn." 10 D "imagine you are leading the performance" Paragraph D, Line 3 "You might even get to stand on the concert hall stage, take up a conductor’s baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance." 11 E "Limited to 8 people per tour." Paragraph E, Line 3 "Limited to 8 people per tour." 12 C "Online $29.75" Paragraph C, Line 3 "Prices: Adults $35 / Online $29.75." 13 E "Bookings are essential." Paragraph E, Line 2 "To purchase: Bookings are essential." 14 G "Duration: 1.5 hours" Paragraph G, Line 2 "Duration: 1.5 hours."   USING DIRECT MAIL TO SELL YOUR PRODUCT Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 15 Decision maker "address the letter to the decision maker" Paragraph 2, Line 3 "If you are contacting a business, it is important to address the letter to the decision maker, ideally by name or at least by job title." 16 Impact "gain the maximum impact from your sales letter" Paragraph 3, Line 2 "While the desirability and price of the product on offer will obviously influence sales, you also need to gain the maximum impact from your sales letter." 17 Opening "The opening is crucial" Paragraph 3, Line 4 "The opening is crucial to attract their attention." 18 White envelope "Try to send each mailing in a white envelope" Paragraph 3, Line 6 "Try to send each mailing in a white envelope." 19 Brochure "Include a brochure" Paragraph 3, Line 8 "Include a brochure. Depending on the volume and on whether you can afford the cost, try to use at least two-colour printing for this." 20 (free) sample "it may be worth enclosing a free sample" Paragraph 3, Line 9 "If practicable, it may be worth enclosing a free sample – this is a much greater incentive than photographs." 21 Response rate "assess your response rate" Paragraph 3, Line 12 "When you receive your replies, assess your response rate and monitor the sales." IFCES, the International Federation of Chemical Engineering Societies Job Specification: Communications Manager Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 22 International profile "To raise the international profile of IFCES" Paragraph 2, Line 1 "To raise the international profile of IFCES." 23 Publications "Write and edit copy for publications" Paragraph 3, Line 4 "Write and edit copy for publications intended for internal and external use including Chemical Engineer Monthly." 24 Website content "Ensure website content is up to date" Paragraph 3, Line 12 "Ensure website content is up to date and consistent." 25 Audience "a keen sense of audience" Paragraph 5, Line 4 "Excellent copy writing skills with strong attention to detail, a keen sense of audience and an ability to tailor writing to its particular purpose." 26 Purpose "an ability to tailor writing to its particular purpose" Paragraph 5, Line 4 "Excellent copy writing skills with strong attention to detail, a keen sense of audience and an ability to tailor writing to its particular purpose." 27 Post-graduate "Recognised post-graduate qualification in public relations / journalism / marketing communications" Paragraph 6, Line 2 "Recognised post-graduate qualification in public relations / journalism / marketing communications."     KAURI GUM – a piece of New Zealand’s history   Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Section & Line No.) Explanation 28 E "The first major commercial use of kauri gum" Section E, Line 5 "The first major commercial use of kauri gum was in the manufacture of high-grade furniture varnish..." 29 A "Highest quality gum was hard and bright" Section A, Line 9 "Highest quality gum was hard and bright and was usually found at shallow depth on the hills." 30 A "After running from rips or tears in the bark" Section A, Line 3 "After running from rips or tears in the bark of trees, the sap hardens to form the lumps of gum..." 31 B "most gum collected was simply picked up from the ground" Section B, Line 3 "In Maori and early European times up until 1850, most gum collected was simply picked up from the ground..." 32 E "Kauri gum was used in 70% of the oil varnishes" Section E, Line 3 "Kauri gum was used in 70% of the oil varnishes being manufactured in England in the 1890s." 33 F "used in the manufacture of extremely high-grade varnish for violins" Section F, Line 9 "In the last decades it has had a very limited use in the manufacture of extremely high-grade varnish for violins..." 34 A "The first kauri gum to be exported" Section D, Line 1 "The first kauri gum to be exported from New Zealand was part of a cargo taken back to Australia and England by two early expeditions in 1814 and 1815." 35 B "maximum of over 10,000 tons in 1900" Section D, Line 6 "The increasing number of diggers resulted in rapid growth of the kauri gum exports from 1,000 tons in 1860 to a maximum of over 10,000 tons in 1900." 36 D "gum-digging was the only job available" Section D, Line 8 "During times of economic difficulty, gum-digging was the only job available where the unemployed from many walks of life could earn a living..." 37 E "in the time of Queen Victoria" Section F, Line 3 "In the time of Queen Victoria of England (1837-1901), some pieces were made into fashionable amber beads..." 38 I "has had a very limited use in the manufacture of extremely high-grade varnish for violins" Section F, Line 9 "In the last decades it has had a very limited use in the manufacture of extremely high-grade varnish for violins..." 39 G "the majority was recovered by digging" Section B, Line 4 "After that, the majority was recovered by digging." 40 B "it had been in contact with water for a long time" Section A, Line 8 "Lowest quality gum was soft, black or chalky and sugary and was usually found buried in swamps, where it had been in contact with water for a long time."

Passport Application Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 False "A husband can fill in an application form for his wife" Paragraph 5, Line 1 "Ask someone who can identify you to fill in the ‘Proof of Identity’ information..." The application must be filled out by the applicant, not someone else. 2 False "Photocopies of documents" Paragraph 2, Line 1 "All documents must be originals; these will be returned with your passport." Photocopies are not accepted. 3 True "An incomplete application" Paragraph 3, Line 4 "Applicants should expect delays if the Passport Office receives a form with missing information." 4 Not Given "The passport photos included with your application must be in colour" Paragraph 4, Line 1 No information is provided about whether photos need to be in color or not. 5 Not Given "A witness can be a relative of the applicant" Paragraph 5, Line 2 No information is provided on whether a witness can be a relative of the applicant. 6 True "Anyone acting as a witness must have a passport" Paragraph 5, Line 3 "A witness must also be the holder of a valid passport." 7 False "The passport applicant must sign their name on the back of both photos" Paragraph 5, Line 5 "A witness must also write the full name of the person applying for the passport on the back of one of the photos..." The applicant does not sign.     Auckland International Airport Services Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 ii "view of the airfield" Section A "The second floor of the international terminal offers a view of the airfield and all incoming and outgoing flights." 9 x "Brochures on a range of attractions" Section B "Brochures on a range of attractions are available, and we also offer a booking service for accommodation and transport." 10 v "urgent medical attention" Section C "Passengers who require urgent medical attention should dial 9877 on any public telephone in the terminal." 11 iii "seal their luggage" Section D "Departing passengers can completely seal their luggage or packages in recyclable polythene to protect them from damage." 12 ix "make a payment of $25" Section E "Every international passenger... is required to make a payment of $25 when leaving the country." 13 vi "Details of all arrivals and departures" Section F "Details of all arrivals and departures are displayed on the monitors located in the terminal halls and lounge areas." 14 iv "rooms available for seminars" Section G "The airport caters for the needs of business travellers and has several rooms available for seminars or business gatherings."   Planning a gap year Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 False "to improve your CV with experience overseas" Paragraph 1 "The best reason to take a gap year... is to improve your CV with experience overseas." 16 False "washing up in a restaurant" Paragraph 2 "Magazines are full of ‘Wanted’ adverts for washing up in a restaurant. Well, we don’t do that..." 17 NG "expensive" No specific mention There is no information in the text about the cost of training with Shooting Star. 18 True "using their skills in jobs they could only dream about before" Paragraph 3 "Those who qualify with Shooting Star are very soon using their skills in jobs they could only dream about before..." 19 True "research job opportunities in advance" Top tips (point 2) "You must research job opportunities in advance. Go to our website and click on Recruitment for ideas." 20 False "travel arrangements" Top tips (point 4) "Sort out the admin in plenty of time – air tickets, visas, insurance and medical matters... These are your responsibility." Succeeding at Interviews Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 F "friendly and polite" Section F "You will give yourself an advantage by being friendly and polite, by making eye contact with the interviewer..." 22 B "speak to people you know" Section B "Find out about the employer and the job, ask for an information pack or speak to people you know who work for the company." 23 G "answer questions as fully as you can" Section G "Don’t simply give ‘yes’ and ‘no’ answers, but answer questions as fully as you can." 24 H "show good team spirit" Section H "It is important to show good team spirit that you possess good people skills and that you are friendly and approachable." 25 C "reason why you want the job" Section C "Some common ones are the reason why you want the job, whether you have done this kind of work before..." 26 G "Don’t exaggerate" Section G "Don’t exaggerate. For example, if you don’t have the exact experience the employer is looking for, say so..." 27 D "arriving late" Section D "Never to run the risk of arriving late. For example, consider making a ‘dummy run’ in advance to see how long the journey will take."     The History of Cinema Questions 28-30 Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation 28 A "plenty of capital to purchase" "If Hollywood did not have enough of its own resources, it had a great deal of money to buy up artists..." 29 D "well-written narratives" "Hollywood films appealed because they had better-constructed narratives..." 30 F "excellent special effects" "Hollywood films... their special effects were more impressive..." Questions 31-33 Question No. Answer Keywords Explanation 31 Cartoons, serials "cartoons" and "serials" "From early cinema, it was only American slapstick comedy that successfully developed..." 32 Slapstick comedy "slapstick comedy" "It was only American slapstick comedy that successfully developed in both short and feature format." 33 The avant-garde films "avant-garde films" "It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success..." Questions 34-40 Question No. Answer Country Keywords Explanation 34 A France "helped other countries develop" "the French... were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China..." 35 C USA "the biggest producer of films" "it was the United States that was to become, and remain, the largest single market for films." 36 H Italy "first to develop the ‘feature’ film" "the Italian industry... pioneered the feature film with spectacular films like Quo vadis (1913)..." 37 C USA "responsible for creating stars" "the star system added a new dimension to the screen acting." 38 A France "made the most money from ‘avant-garde’ films" "It was also at this time that the avant-garde film first achieved commercial success, this time thanks almost exclusively to the French..." 39 F Japan "made movies based more on its own culture" "in Japan, the development of the cinema took place in conditions of commercial isolation..." 40 D Denmark "great influence on silent movies" "the Scandinavian countries, particularly Denmark, which played a role in the development of silent cinema..."

Matching Advertisements with job descriptions Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 D two small children, a few hours a week, unskilled work, early mornings Advertisement D "Cleaner = unskilled work, finish work before the offices open = in the early mornings," matches the job requirements. 2 C no experience, qualifications, short term, full-time, Monday to Friday Advertisement C "Former qualifications not as important = no experience or qualifications, Hours: 8.30 – 5.00 Mon-Fri = full-time job, Monday to Friday, from January till July = short term." 3 A lively student, no experience, cannot work, weekdays Advertisement A "Energy and enthusiasm = lively, no experience = experience not essential, Sat & Sun only = cannot work on weekdays." 4 G 20 years’ experience, catering, run a business Advertisement G "Ideal for very experienced person = person with more than 20 years’ experience, Catering = Restaurant, To-let = place to run a business." 5 F catering college graduate, first full-time job Advertisement F "FULL-TIME COOK = catering college graduate. .. . full-time job, new and exciting café venture = first .. .. job." 6 B many years’ experience, hotels, well-paid, part-time, employment, hotel Advertisement B "Applicants with experience = with many years’ experience, Excellent wages = well-paid, part-time silver service waiter/waitress = working in hotels . . . .. . part-time employment."     INTERCITY Sleeper between London and Scotland Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 7 F advantages, journey with a friend Ticket F-Special "Special is an inclusive return travel package for two people . . .. . It can mean savings for both of you... ." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 8 C cannot use, on Friday Ticket C-SuperSaver "Available right up to the day of travel and valid any day except these peak days: all Fridays, also 18-20 December, 31 March and 28 May. .. .." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 9 G can be used, without restriction Ticket G-Standard "Not the cheapest option but available up to the time of travel and valid for all trains and at all times." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 10 B only be booked, up to 7 days, before departure Ticket B-Apex "Great value sleeper travel available by booking at least a week before outward travel." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 11 A cheapest ticket, restriction on departure time Ticket A-SuperApex "Only available for travel after 9am." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 12 A decide not to travel after …… bought the ticket, cannot get …. money back Ticket A-SuperApex "This ticket is non-refundable unless the service is cancelled." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 13 E not available, travelling, on a Monday and back the next day Ticket E-Solo "The journey must include a Saturday night away." (Paragraph X, Line Y) 14 D cannot use, departures between, midnight and 10am Ticket D-Saver "Your ticket allows standard class travel on any train between 10 am and midnight." (Paragraph X, Line Y)   FORMAL DRESS CODE FOR COMPANY EMPLOYEES 15 professional image aim, formal dress code, present, to clients Dress Code Policy "At TransitEuropean, the company’s objective in establishing a formal dress code is to enable our employees to project the professional image that is in keeping with the needs of our clients and customers . . ." 16 pressed state of clothes, must be, good condition Formal Dress Code Guidelines "Torn, dirty, or frayed clothing is unacceptable. Clothing should be pressed and never wrinkled." 17 tasteful accessories, must be, not brightly coloured Accessories and Jewellery "The wearing of ties, scarves, belts and jewellery is encouraged, provided they are tasteful. Items which are flashy should be avoided." 18 allergic reactions make up, avoid wearing, perfume, sometimes cause Makeup, Perfume and Cologne "Remember that some employees may have allergic reactions to the chemicals in perfumes and makeup, so wear these substances in moderation." 19 cultural tradition hats, head covers, religious reasons, allowed Hats and Head Covering "Hats are not appropriate in the office. Head covers that are required for reasons of faith or to honour cultural tradition are permitted." 20 company logo dressing down, clothing with, on it, is recommended Dress Down Days "Clothing that has our company logo is strongly encouraged." 21 verbal warning breaking, dress code, advice, repeatedly ignored, is given Violation of Dress Code "If the problem persists, the employee will receive a verbal warning." JLP RETAIL: STAFF BENEFITS   22 progress pay increases, depend, each member of staff makes Pay and Benefits "Whatever your role, your pay range will be extremely competitive and reviewed in the light of your progress." 23 five years employees must work, minimum, to be eligible, pension Pension Scheme "We offer a non-contributory final salary pension scheme, payable from the age of 60, to most staff who have completed the qualifying period of five years." 24 residential clubs staff may take, holiday at, provided by, the company Holiday and Leisure Facilities "The business owns a number of residential clubs which offer subsidised holiday accommodation for staff with at least three years’ service." 25 concerts company, pay, half the seat price, plays Ticket Subsidies "Ticket subsidies of 50% of the cost of plays or concerts are available." 26 leisure skills company, gives, financial assistance, both, educational, courses, part of staff development Education Subsidies "We give generous financial support to staff who wish to acquire leisure skills or continue their education." 27 loan employees, entitled to, find themselves, difficult circumstances Financial Help, Benefits and Discounted Deals "In cases of particular hardship, we will help staff with a loan."     OUT OF THE ASHES Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 C procedure, sorting through, remains of the fire Paragraph C, last lines "The position of each fragment was recorded, and all the debris was stored in countless dustbins before being sifted and categorised." 29 B Uppark, looked, after the fire Paragraph B "The following morning, Uppark stood open to the sky. A sludge of wet charcoal covered the ground floor and basement, and in every room charred and fallen timbers lay amongst the smoke. It was a scene of utter devastation." 30 G improvements made, rebuilt Uppark Paragraph G, last half ". . . In addition, it made economic sense for the National Trust to invest time and money in upgrading water and heating systems, installing modern environmental controls, and updating fire and security equipment." 31 F people, carry out, repair work Paragraph F "The search for craftsmen and women capable of doing the intricate restoration work was nation-wide. Once the quality and skills of the individual or company had been ascertained, they had to pass an economic test, as every job was competitively tendered. … ." 32 E why, National Trust, chose, rebuild Paragraph E, lines 11-12 "It was undertaken for three main reasons.. ." 33 H how, people reacted, rebuilt Uppark Paragraph H, lines 3-6 " . . .The family and the room stewards were visibly moved when returning to their old haunts, perhaps the best testament that the spirit of Uppark had not died. . . ." 34 August 31st / 31st August date, 1989, original repairs, roof, completed Paragraph A, lines 4-6 "For a year builders had been replacing the lead on the roof, and by a stroke of irony, were due to finish the next day, on August 31st." 35 human chain/ chains method, things rescued, immediately, burning house Paragraph A, lines 13-20 "… who formed human chains to pass the precious pieces of porcelain, furniture and paintings out on to the lawn, 95 percent of the contents from ground floor and the basement were saved." 36 blotting paper after, fire, conservators, require, large quantities, immediately Paragraph A, last lines "… that evening local stationers were especially opened to provide the bulk supplies of blotting paper so desperately needed in the salvage operation." 37 (countless) dustbins into what, conservators, put material, recovered, fire Paragraph C, lines 8-10 "The position of each fragment was recorded, and all the debris was stored in countless dustbins before being sifted and categorised." 38 C (the roof of the house.) fire, destroyed Paragraph A "… though nothing was to survive of the priceless collection on the first floor." 39 C (they wouldn’t have to pay for the repairs.) one of the reasons, National Trust, decided, rebuild Paragraph E, lines 17-19 "… Also the property was covered by insurance, so the repairs would not call upon the National Trust’s own funds." 40 D (they acquired skills they didn’t have previously.) craftsmen and women, employed, restoration, benefited Paragraph F, last lines "… but many of them, for example plasterers, have relearnt the skills of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which can now be of use to other country house owners when need arises."

The Purple Jar (Part-1) Rosamond, a little girl about seven years old. was walking with her mother in the streets of London. As she passed along she looked in at die windows of several shops, and saw a great variety of things. She wanted to stop to look at them and buy them all, without knowing their uses or even without knowing their names. Ai first they stopped at a milliner’s shop. The windows of rhe shop were decorated with ribbons, lacc and festoons of artificial flowers. "Oh, Mamma, what beautiful roses’ Won’t you buy some of them?” “No. my dear.” "Why?” "Because I don’t want them. They are not real flowers.” They went a little further and came to a jeweller’s shop. In it were a great many pretty, bright ornaments of little value, set beautifully behind the glass. "Mamma, will you buy some of these?” "‘Which of them, Rosamond?” “Which? I don't know which. Look at those earrings, that necklace, those pendants! Any of them will do, they are so pretty!” “Yes, they are all pretty, but of what use would they be to me?” “I am sure, Mamma, you could find some use if you only bought them first.” “But 1 would rather find out the use first.” Though a little disheartened, Rosamond kept on looking at the shops and tried to persuade her mother to buy this or that. “Mamma, buckles are very useful things. Please buy some.” “I have a pair of buckles. I don’t need any now.” So saying her mother walked on. Watch Video Questions 1. Make a list of things Rosamond wanted to buy. 2. How did the milliner’s shop look like? 3. What can you see in a jeweller’s shop in a town/city in Bangladesh, which you know well? Questions with Answers: Answers 1. Make a list of things Rosamond wanted to buy. Rosamond wanted to buy the following things: Artificial roses from the milliner’s shop Earrings, a necklace, and pendants from the jeweller’s shop Buckles 2. How did the milliner’s shop look like? The milliner’s shop had beautifully decorated windows displaying ribbons, lace, and festoons of artificial flowers. The shop looked bright and attractive with colorful decorations. 3. What can you see in a jeweller’s shop in a town/city in Bangladesh, which you know well? In a jeweller’s shop in Bangladesh, I can see various gold and silver ornaments, such as necklaces, bangles, rings, earrings, and pendants. There are also diamond and gemstone jewelry pieces displayed in glass showcases. Some shops may also sell imitation jewelry and decorative accessories. More Questions with Answers (a) Where was Rosamond walking with her mother? Rosamond was walking with her mother in the streets of London. As they walked, she eagerly looked into the windows of different shops. She saw many beautiful and attractive things, and she wanted to stop at several places to admire and buy them. However, she often did not know what these items were used for or even what they were called. (b) What did Rosamond want to buy at the milliner's shop? Rosamond wanted to buy some beautiful artificial roses that she saw in the window of the milliner’s shop. She was fascinated by their bright and attractive appearance and thought they would be nice to have. She excitedly asked her mother to buy them for her. (c) Why didn't Rosamond’s mother buy the roses? Rosamond’s mother did not buy the roses because she did not need them. She also pointed out that they were not real flowers, so there was no practical reason to purchase them. Her response showed that she was careful about buying things only if they were necessary. (d) What did Rosamond find attractive in the jeweller's shop? Rosamond was amazed by the bright and shiny jewelry displayed in the jeweller’s shop. She found the earrings, necklaces, and pendants very attractive. She did not care which specific piece she got—she just wanted any of them because they all looked so pretty. (e) Why did Rosamond's mother refuse to buy jewelry? Rosamond’s mother refused to buy the jewelry because she did not see any practical use for it. When Rosamond insisted that they were beautiful, her mother explained that she preferred to buy things based on their usefulness, not just their appearance. She believed it was wiser to think about how something would be used before deciding to buy it. (f) How old is Rosamond? Rosamond is a little girl who is seven years old. At this young age, she is curious about the world around her and is easily fascinated by beautiful objects. She does not yet understand the importance of choosing things based on their usefulness rather than just their appearance. (g) Who are the main characters of the story The Purple Jar ? The main characters of the story are Rosamond and her mother. Rosamond is a curious and impulsive little girl who is attracted to beautiful things, while her mother is wise and practical, teaching her daughter the value of making thoughtful choices when buying things. (h) Why didn’t Rosamond’s mother buy the buckles? Rosamond’s mother did not buy the buckles because she already had a pair and did not need new ones. Even though Rosamond tried to convince her that buckles were useful, her mother explained that she would only buy something when she actually needed it. This response was another lesson for Rosamond about being careful and practical when making purchases. Bangla Translation: The Purple Jar (Part-1) Rosamond, a little girl about seven years old, was walking with her mother in the streets of London. রোজামন্ড , সাত বছর বয়সী একটি ছোট মেয়ে, তার মায়ের সঙ্গে লন্ডনের রাস্তায় হাঁটছিল। As she passed along, she looked in at the windows of several shops, and saw a great variety of things.সে যখন চলছিল, তখন সে অনেক দোকানের জানালায় তাকিয়ে দেখছিল এবং অনেক ধরনের জিনিস দেখতে পাচ্ছিল। She wanted to stop to look at them and buy them all, without knowing their uses or even without knowing their names.সে চাইল, সেগুলো দেখতে থামতে এবং সেগুলি কিনতে, তাদের ব্যবহার বা এমনকি তাদের নামও না জানলেও। At first they stopped at a milliner’s shop.প্রথমে তারা একটি মিলিনারের দোকানে থামল। The windows of the shop were decorated with ribbons, lace and festoons of artificial flowers.দোকানের জানালা ছিল রিবন, লেইস এবং কৃত্রিম ফুলের সাজসজ্জায় সাজানো। "Oh, Mamma, what beautiful roses! Won’t you buy some of them?”"ওহ, মা, কী সুন্দর গোলাপ! তুমি কি কিছু কিনবে না?" "No, my dear.""না, প্রিয়।" "Why?""কেন?" "Because I don’t want them. They are not real flowers.""কারণ আমি সেগুলো চাই না। এগুলো আসল ফুল না।" They went a little further and came to a jeweller’s shop.তারা একটু এগিয়ে গেল এবং একটি জুয়েলারির দোকানে পৌঁছাল। In it were a great many pretty, bright ornaments of little value, set beautifully behind the glass.সেখানে অনেক সুন্দর, উজ্জ্বল অলঙ্কার ছিল, যেগুলোর মূল্য কম, কিন্তু খুব সুন্দরভাবে কাচের পেছনে সাজানো ছিল। "Mamma, will you buy some of these?”"মা, তুমি কি এগুলো থেকে কিছু কিনবে?" "Which of them, Rosamond?""কোনটা, রোজামন্ড?" "Which? I don’t know which. Look at those earrings, that necklace, those pendants! Any of them will do, they are so pretty!""কোনটা? আমি জানি না কোনটা। ওই কানের দুলগুলো, ওই হারগুলো, ওই ঝুলগুলো! এগুলোর যে কোনটা নাও, এগুলো খুব সুন্দর!" "Yes, they are all pretty, but of what use would they be to me?""হ্যাঁ, এগুলো সব সুন্দর, কিন্তু এগুলোর আমার কী উপকার হবে?" "I am sure, Mamma, you could find some use if you only bought them first.""আমি নিশ্চিত, মা, তুমি এগুলো কিনলেই কোনো উপকার খুঁজে পাবে।" "But I would rather find out the use first.""কিন্তু আমি আগে উপকার জানলে ভাল হবে।" Though a little disheartened, Rosamond kept on looking at the shops and tried to persuade her mother to buy this or that.অল্প মন খারাপ হলেও, রোজামন্ড দোকানগুলো দেখতে দেখতে তার মাকে এই বা ওইটি কিনতে রাজি করানোর চেষ্টা করছিল। "Mamma, buckles are very useful things. Please buy some.""মা, বকলগুলো খুব উপকারী জিনিস। দয়া করে কিছু কিনো।" "I have a pair of buckles. I don’t need any now.""আমার কাছে একটা বকল আছে। এখন আর কিছু প্রয়োজন নেই।" So saying her mother walked on.এটা বলে তার মা হাঁটতে থাকলেন। Bangla Translation The Purple Jar (Part-1) রোজামন্ড , সাত বছর বয়সী একটি ছোট মেয়ে, তার মায়ের সঙ্গে লন্ডনের রাস্তায় হাঁটছিল।সে যখন চলছিল, তখন সে অনেক দোকানের জানালায় তাকিয়ে দেখছিল এবং অনেক ধরনের জিনিস দেখতে পাচ্ছিল।সে চাইল, সেগুলো দেখতে থামতে এবং সেগুলি কিনতে, তাদের ব্যবহার বা এমনকি তাদের নামও না জানলেও। প্রথমে তারা একটি মিলিনারের দোকানে থামল। দোকানের জানালা ছিল রিবন, লেইস এবং কৃত্রিম ফুলের সাজসজ্জায় সাজানো।"ওহ, মা, কী সুন্দর গোলাপ! তুমি কি কিছু কিনবে না?""না, প্রিয়।""কেন?""কারণ আমি সেগুলো চাই না। এগুলো আসল ফুল না।" তারা একটু এগিয়ে গেল এবং একটি জুয়েলারির দোকানে পৌঁছাল। সেখানে অনেক সুন্দর, উজ্জ্বল অলঙ্কার ছিল, যেগুলোর মূল্য কম, কিন্তু খুব সুন্দরভাবে কাচের পেছনে সাজানো ছিল।"মা, তুমি কি এগুলো থেকে কিছু কিনবে?""কোনটা, রোজামন্ড?""কোনটা? আমি জানি না কোনটা। ওই কানের দুলগুলো, ওই হারগুলো, ওই ঝুলগুলো! এগুলোর যে কোনটা নাও, এগুলো খুব সুন্দর!""হ্যাঁ, এগুলো সব সুন্দর, কিন্তু এগুলোর আমার কী উপকার হবে?""আমি নিশ্চিত, মা, তুমি এগুলো কিনলেই কোনো উপকার খুঁজে পাবে।""কিন্তু আমি আগে উপকার জানলে ভাল হবে।" অল্প মন খারাপ হলেও, রোজামন্ড দোকানগুলো দেখতে দেখতে তার মাকে এই বা ওইটি কিনতে রাজি করানোর চেষ্টা করছিল।"মা, বকলগুলো খুব উপকারী জিনিস। দয়া করে কিছু কিনো।""আমার কাছে একটা বকল আছে। এখন আর কিছু প্রয়োজন নেই।" এটা বলে তার মা হাঁটতে থাকলেন। Vocabulary: vocabulary words from the passage, along with their meanings in Bangla: Rosamond  - রোজামন্ড (Proper noun, a girl's name) Milliner  - মিলিনার (A person who makes or sells hats) Shop  - দোকান Windows  - জানালা Decorated  - সজ্জিত Ribbons  - রিবন (তারের মতো সজ্জিত কাপড়) Lace  - লেইস (চমত্কার সুতির জাল) Artificial  - কৃত্রিম Flowers  - ফুল Beautiful  - সুন্দর Roses  - গোলাপ Buy  - কেনা Want  - চাই Dear  - প্রিয় Real  - আসল Further  - আরও Jeweller  - জুয়েলারি দোকান Ornaments  - অলঙ্কার Pretty  - সুন্দর Bright  - উজ্জ্বল Value  - মূল্য Set  - সাজানো Behind  - পেছনে Glass  - কাচ Earrings  - কানের দুল Necklace  - হার Pendants  - ঝুল Any  - যে কোনো Do  - করা Use  - ব্যবহার Sure  - নিশ্চিত Find  - খোঁজা First  - প্রথম Rather  - বরং Disheartened  - হতাশ Persuade  - বুঝানো, রাজি করানো Buy  - কিনা Buckles  - বকল (জুতো বা জামার বন্ধন) Useful  - উপকারী Things  - জিনিস Pair  - জোড়া Need  - প্রয়োজন Now  - এখন Walked  - হাঁটা On  - উপর Stop  - থামা Look  - দেখা Know  - জানা Without  - ছাড়া All  - সব

The best hiking boots Here’s the table format with the answers as requested: Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 D style conscious Section D "These are boots for the style conscious, but still suitable for demanding walks." 2 B comfortable, straight out of the box Section B "They are warm and comfortable to wear straight out of the box and continue to be so even after many kilometres." 3 A lifetime, wear Section A "These boots are expensive but will give you a lifetime of wear." 4 C light, backpack, hot climates Section C "These are meant for spring and summer walks and for putting in your backpack for treks in hot climates." 5 F waterproof, wears off Section F "They’re waterproof, but we found this wore off after about 20 wet walks." 6 C not waterproof Section C "Despite not being waterproof, they are quick-drying when they get wet." 7 E pull laces tightly Section E "Remember to pull the laces firmly when you put these boots on as they are rather wide around the ankles." 8 G reasonably priced Section G "These boots are reasonably priced and they performed well in heavy rain." Beekeeping workshop at Elm Farm Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 False only suitable for people who already keep their own bees Paragraph 1, Line 1-3 "Whether you’re keen to learn everything you need to know to get you started, or simply extremely interested in the idea of keeping bees, this one-day interactive workshop will teach you the fascinating secrets of the honeybee and how to care for and keep bees." 10 Not Given people involved in selling honey Paragraph 1 There is no mention of participants meeting people who sell honey to the public. 11 Not Given vegetarian refreshments Paragraph 6 No information about vegetarian refreshments is provided. 12 False pay extra for clothes Paragraph 5, Line 5-6 "We’ll provide everything you need, including unlimited organic tea or coffee, lunch cooked in our outdoor, wood-fired oven and beekeeping suits for the day." 13 True protective footwear required Paragraph 5, Line 5-6 "Just bring a pair of thick boots with you." 14 False cancel and get refund Paragraph 7, Line 3-4 "Your booking secures a very limited place, so is non-refundable – if you can’t make it, you can send a friend or colleague instead though." Should you pay someone to write your CV? Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 Highlight difficulty with CV, qualities Paragraph 1, Line 2-3 "others struggle with a variety of problems initially, such as not knowing how to structure a CV or how to highlight their most relevant strengths." 16 Details unnecessary, irrelevant Paragraph 2, Line 1-2 "A professional CV writer can help identify exactly what is necessary for a particular role, cut out unnecessary or irrelevant details, and pinpoint what makes the individual stand out." 17 Insights knowledge, particular field, useful Paragraph 4, Line 1-2 "HR professionals and recruiters with relevant experience can also have valuable insights into what companies are looking for." 18 Samples request, previous work Paragraph 4, Line 3 "Ask to see samples of their work or use personal recommendations before you choose a CV writing service." 19 Questionnaire first step Paragraph 5, Line 1-2 "You’ll probably need to answer an in-depth email questionnaire or be interviewed before any writing actually starts." 20 Authentic assist, tone Paragraph 6, Line 1-2 "Being involved in the writing process means your CV sounds authentic." Starting a new job Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 Routine morning, sense of well-being Paragraph 1, Line 1 "If you got into the habit of skipping breakfast at your last job, fit it in now or experiment with getting a workout in before going to the office. Having a routine you like and sticking to it definitely impacts on your overall happiness." 22 Dress code outfit, company Paragraph 2, Line 1 "You’ve probably already been into the office for an interview, so you’ll have some idea of what the dress code is." 23 Personalities colleagues, work styles Paragraph 4, Line 2 "Accepting an invite to lunch with your boss and co-workers will allow you to get to know the people you’ll be working with on a more personal level. It will also help you get a handle on personalities and work styles." 24 Conversation starters lunch, interaction Paragraph 4, Line 3 "To ensure the lunch goes well, have a few conversation starters in mind. That way, if the talk dries up, you can get it going again." 25 Goals new role, understanding Paragraph 5, Line 1 "With this new-found understanding, take some time over the initial period to think about what goals you have for your new role." 26 Open mind job, approach Paragraph 6, Line 1 "It’s important that you approach your new job with an open mind, and that you’re ready to soak it all in." 27 Improvements suggestions, too soon Paragraph 6, Line 3 "Make sure you understand the way things are done before rushing into giving suggestions on improvements." History of women’s football in Britain Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 D women, football, skill, wife Paragraph 1, Line 1 "Some accounts say that the games were watched by a crowd of single men, who hoped to pick out a potential bride based on her footballing ability." 29 C Nettie J Honeyball, public, involvement Paragraph 2, Line 1 "Honeyball was an alias: like many of the middle- and upper-class women who played in the late 19th century, she was not keen to publicise her involvement with a contact sport played on muddy fields." 30 A society, ready, women’s football Paragraph 3, Line 2 "In a country where women were not yet allowed to vote, it would take extraordinary circumstances for their efforts on the football pitch to attract widespread attention." 31 D factory managers, football, morale, productivity Paragraph 4, Line 1 "After some initial uncertainty, their superiors came to see these games as a means to boost morale and thus increase productivity." 32 C threatened, rise, women’s football Paragraph 7, Line 1 "The Football Association (FA) had always taken a poor view of female participation. Women’s football was tolerated during the war, but in the years that followed, driven by the fear that the women’s game could affect Football League attendances, the FA sought to assert itself." 33 B male office worker, established Paragraph 4, Line 2 "In the town of Preston in the north of England, the female workers at a manufacturing company called Dick, Kerr & Co showed a particular aptitude for the game. Watching from a window above the yard where they played, office worker Alfred Frankland spotted their talent and he set about forming a team." 34 A donated, good causes Paragraph 3, Line 2 "The BLFC arranged games between teams representing the north and the south of England, where money would be raised for those in need." 35 D ending, ban, women’s football Paragraph 8, Line 2 "It took pressure from the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), to finally force the FA to end restrictions on women’s football in 1971." 36 C accused, old-fashioned Paragraph 7, Line 3 "There was outrage from players, with the captain of Plymouth Ladies remarking that the FA was ‘a hundred years behind the times’ and calling its decision ‘purely sex prejudice’." 37 A led, women’s rights Paragraph 2, Line 2 "We know more about Lady Florence Dixie, who was appointed president of the BLFC in 1895 and who was an ardent believer in equality between the sexes." 38 Grounds Football Association Paragraph 7, Line 1 "On 5 December 1921, the FA banned its members from allowing women’s football to be played at its grounds." 39 Referees Football Association Paragraph 7, Line 1 "The FA also forbade its members from acting as referees at women’s games." 40 Prejudice Football Association Paragraph 7, Line 3 "There was outrage from players, with the captain of Plymouth Ladies remarking that the FA was ‘a hundred years behind the times’ and calling its decision ‘purely sex prejudice’."

Music clubs Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 C "marketing experience," "build sales," "increase audience" Section C, lines 6-7 "Because the orchestra only partly finances its performances through ticket sales, members with marketing experience are particularly welcome, in order to build sales." 2 A "every member takes part," "two concerts" Section A, lines 4-5 "Two concerts are performed every year, and every member takes part." 3 D "newsletter," "details of concerts" Section D, lines 5-6 "As a member, you will receive a monthly newsletter describing our work, and containing details of concerts, operas and other performances, both locally and nationally." 4 A "intermediate standard," "instrument" Section A, line 6 "Members must have reached at least an intermediate standard on their instrument." 5 B "not so well-known music," "introduce" Section B, lines 4-5 "During the evening we have a buffet meal and listen to recordings of both well-known and not so well-known music." 6 A "children," "develop skills," "workshops" Section A, lines 1-2, 7 "Whitehay Youth Music is intended for anyone aged between 6 and 14 who is keen to perform in public." & "workshops in which members learn how to improve their playing." 7 C "large and appreciative audiences" Section C, line 3 "Two or three times a year, it performs a wide range of music to large and appreciative audiences from the area." 8 D "support," "professional musicians," "financial need" Section D, lines 2-3 "The money raised is used to support professional musicians if, for example, illness prevents them from earning a living."   Biological research insititute Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 Security "inform Reception," "Security," "identify the area where you should park" Paragraph 2 "If you are driving a vehicle, please inform Reception. They will contact Security, who will identify the area where you should park your car." 10 Safety "own safety," "instructions," "noticeboards" Paragraph 3 "For your own safety, please follow the instructions displayed on noticeboards around the campus." 11 Machinery "do not enter," "do not touch," "authorised" Paragraph 3 "Do not enter any restricted areas or touch any machinery or other equipment unless authorised." 12 Photography "permission," "management," "not permitted" Paragraph 5 "Unless your host has previously obtained permission from the Institute management, photography, whether still or video, is not permitted in any part of the campus." 13 Nursery "no nursery facilities," "visiting children" Paragraph 6 "No nursery facilities are available for visiting children." 14 Accident "call 3333," "request assistance," "first-aid personnel" Paragraph 7 "In the event of an accident, call 3333 and request the assistance of site first-aid personnel."   Negotiating a better salary package for your new job Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 15 Asset "valuable asset" Paragraph 2, Line 2 "If you’re offered a job, it’s because the organisation sees you as a valuable asset and you should try to set your level of remuneration accordingly." 16 Culture "sensitive to the culture" Paragraph 3, Line 1 "There are no general rules about how and when to conduct your negotiation but being sensitive to the culture of the organisation is essential." 17 Internet "adverts on the internet" Paragraph 3, Line 5 "You can look at the range of packages offered for comparable jobs in adverts on the internet, or ask for advice from people you know professionally or personally." 18 Union "member of a union" Paragraph 3, Line 8 "Finally, if you’re a member of a union, they will have information on acceptable salary ranges for your profession." 19 Review "early pay review" Paragraph 4, Line 1 "If the salary offered is less than you’d hoped for, you could negotiate an early pay review instead, say after the first six months." 20 Compromise "agree to a compromise" Paragraph 5, Line 6 "When negotiating, be persuasive and consistent in your arguments but be prepared to agree to a compromise if you really want the job."       How to run a successful project Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 21 Budget "on time and within budget" Paragraph 1, Line 1 "A project manager’s main task is to bring a particular project to completion, both on time and within budget." 22 Scope creep "problems of ‘scope creep’" Paragraph 2, Line 4 "This is critical to avoid problems of ‘scope creep’, which is when the company paying for the project asks for ‘just one more little thing’ repeatedly, until the project becomes unmanageable." 23 Skills "skills align with their roles" Paragraph 3, Line 2 "Gather your human resources, and make sure that their skills align with their roles." 24 (Clear) communication "Clear communication is critical" Paragraph 3, Line 6 "Clear communication is critical." 25 (Interim) milestones "You will need interim milestones" Paragraph 4, Line 2 "You will need interim milestones, especially for a long-term project, so that you can determine if you are staying on track or straying from the project’s goals." 26 (Contingency) plans "put contingency plans in place" Paragraph 5, Line 2 "Hopefully you have defined the more likely risks up front during the project preparation, so you should now put contingency plans in place for certain occurrences." 27 Report "write a report" Paragraph 6, Line 1 "Once a project has been completed, it’s important to write a report, even if it is only for internal purposes."   Mass appeal of the mantra rays Question No. Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph & Line No.) Explanation 28 D "photographing and cataloguing" Paragraph D, Line 3 "Based at the nearby Four Seasons resort, he has identified more than 2,000 individual manta rays, photographing and cataloguing them according to their distinctive skin patterns." 29 B "I feel ashamed to have given it a fright." Paragraph B, Line 8 "I am just a few inches away when it senses me. To my surprise, the whole fish twitches in alarm and shoots off, perhaps fearing that I will touch it. I feel ashamed to have given it a fright." 30 C "I have come to Hanifaru ... to see manta rays." Paragraph C, Line 1 "I have come to Hanifaru, a small lagoon next to an uninhabited island in the Maldives, especially to see manta rays." 31 False "photographing and cataloguing them" Paragraph D, Line 3 "He has identified more than 2,000 individual manta rays, photographing and cataloguing them according to their distinctive skin patterns." 32 NOT GIVEN No clear statement - No information is given about how much notice hotel guests need to view manta rays feeding. 33 False "They seem not to mind the human competition" Paragraph D, Line 8 "They seem not to mind the human competition in this quite small space." 34 True "monitoring closely" Paragraph E, Line 4 "It is something that Guy has been monitoring closely." 35 NOT GIVEN No clear statement - The passage mentions Mohamed Nasheed’s efforts, but does not confirm if he persuaded other countries to take action. 36 False "no regulations in force" Paragraph E, Line 7 "We still don’t have any regulations in force to limit the number of people in the water at any one time." 37 Plankton "hunt for plankton" Paragraph C, Line 4 "Enter a shallow cul-de-sac in the reef to hunt for plankton, their main source of nutrition." 38 Parasites "removing parasites" Paragraph G, Line 3 "Wait while small fish pick at their skin, removing parasites." 39 Wings "accelerate rapidly with a twitch of their wings" Paragraph G, Line 4 "They can accelerate rapidly with a twitch of their wings." 40 Brain "biggest brain of any fish" Paragraph G, Line 6 "The manta rays have the biggest brain of any fish."

Lost, Damaged or Delayed Inland Mail Claim Form Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 booklet policies, booklet Paragraph 1 "Alternatively you can get the details from our 'Mail Made easy' booklet, available at any local post office branch." 2 checklist complete, form Paragraph 1 "When you fill in the form, make sure you complete it in full, using the checklist that we have provided to help you." 3 website evidence, claim Paragraph 1 "If you find that you do not have the evidence required to make a claim but would like us to investigate an issue with your mail service, the easiest way to do this is by visiting our website." 4 value contents, proof, value Paragraph 2 "If claiming for the contents of a package, you also need to provide proof of value, e.g. till item reference number, receipt, bank statement etc." 5 photographs damaged, items Paragraph 3 "However, if these are very large or unsafe to post, you may instead provide photographs as evidence of the damage." 6 original packaging retain, original, packaging Paragraph 3 "Please retain the original packaging (and damaged items, if not sent to us) as we may need to inspect them." 7 sender delayed items, sender Paragraph 4 "Claims for delayed items must be submitted within 3 months of the date they were posted if the claim is made by the sender, or within 1 month of receipt if the claim is made by the recipient of the item."   Days out for the family     Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 A special meals Paragraph A "During summer, traditional feasts are served, and fairs and craft markets provide an extra attraction." 9 F children can get dressed up Paragraph F "children can even get to try on armour to see how heavy it is." 10 D another castle nearby Paragraph D "Nearby Helmsley Castle is also worth a visit." 11 B stories Paragraph B "There are many ghost tales associated with this castle, which will capture the imagination of younger visitors." 12 E frightening for children Paragraph E "some of them may find the dungeon quite scary though." 13 D plays performed Paragraph D "There are lots of special events too, including a chance to come along and see some plays which are put on during the summer months." 14 E guided tour for children Paragraph E "there is a guided tour which has been especially designed with younger visitors in mind."     North Sydney Council Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 Indoor Staff working hours, flexible Paragraph 1, Lines 2-3 "Indoor staff are able to access the benefit of flexi time." 16 3 weeks sick, carer’s leave Paragraph 1, Line 6 "Staff are entitled to 3 weeks per annum sick or carer’s leave." 17 Maternity leave choice, alternative periods Paragraph 1, Line 9 "women who have completed 12 months of continuous service can access a total of 9 Weeks’ maternity leave that can be taken either as 9 weeks at full pay or as 18 weeks at half pay." 18 5 years continuous service, holidays Paragraph 1, Line 13 "After 5 years of continuous service, employees are entitled to 6.5 weeks Long Service Leave (LSL)." 19 Pensions Financial Advice Program Paragraph 2, Line 2 "We provide the services of advisors specialising in pensions." 20 Registered psychologists private, job discussion Paragraph 3, Line 3 "The EAP provides registered psychologists for employees wishing to discuss work or non-work matters confidentially." Registering As An Apprentice Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 Written contract signed, training Paragraph 1, Line 4 "There is a written contract to be signed by the apprentice and the employer, which acknowledges their joint commitment to the training process." 22 Qualifications minimum, applicants Paragraph 2, Line 2 "First of all you must meet the employer’s minimum qualifications." 23 outline standardized, occupation Paragraph 3, Line 3 "Training for each apprenticeable occupation is conducted according to a training outline that has been standardized for the occupation." 24 Coursework relevant, prior Paragraph 4, Line 4 "Your employer may choose to award you this for previous working experience in the occupation, or for prior coursework related to the occupation." 25 Employer’s workforce work, employer Paragraph 4, Line 6 "As an apprentice, you are part of the employer’s workforce." 26 Journey workers supervision, guidance Paragraph 4, Line 7 "A registered apprentice works under the guidance of more experienced craft workers called journey workers." 27 Education provider consultation, lessons Paragraph 5, Line 3 "The location and times of these are set up by the local education agent in consultation with the employer."       Crossing the Humber estuary   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 Section A VI Why the ferry crossing has always been difficult Paragraph A, Lines 1-3 "Before the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, water transportation was the most efficient means of moving heavy or bulk freight, and the Humber, situated at the heart of the waterway system associated with the two major rivers, was one of the chief highways of England." 29 Section B IX Rising demand for river transport Paragraph B, Lines 1-4 "By 1800, this ferry had become fully integrated into the overland transport system, but the changes associated with the industrial revolution were soon to threaten its position." 30 Section C VII Proposed alternatives to ferry services Paragraph C, Lines 1-3 "The first major crossing proposal was a tunnel scheme in 1872. This scheme was promoted by Hull merchants and businesses dissatisfied with the service provided by the New Holland ferry crossing." 31 Section D III An advantage of the design for the bridge Paragraph D, Lines 4-6 "The Humber has a shifting bed, and the navigable channel along which a craft can travel is always changing; a suspension bridge with no support piers in mid-stream would not obstruct the estuary." 32 Section E II Building the bridge Paragraph E, Lines 1-2 "Work on the construction proceeded for eight years, during which time many thousands of tonnes of steel and concrete were used and upwards of one thousand workers and staff were employed at times of peak activity." 33 Section F IV The growing popularity of the bridge Paragraph F, Lines 3-5 "Malcolm Stockwell, the bridgemaster, recalls that when the bridge first opened, there wasn’t a great deal of interest in it. Then children started visiting, and he remembers their astonishment at seeing the control room and all the lights." 34 Section G VIII How the bridge has contributed to the region’s growth Paragraph G, Lines 1-3 "The bridge opened up, both socially and economically, two previously remote and insular areas of England, and the improvement in communication enabled the area to realise its potential in commercial, industrial and tourist development." Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 35 Integrated Integrated, other forms of transport Paragraph B, Line 3 "By 1800, this ferry had become fully integrated into the overland transport system." 36 Competition Greater, competition, provision of services Paragraph B, Line 4 "Increased traffic encouraged speculators to establish rival ferries between Hull and Lincolnshire." 37 Hovercraft(s) Hovercraft, 1968, failed Paragraph C, Lines 5-6 "In 1968, there was briefly a ferry service from Grimsby to Hull involving hovercrafts. This did not last long as the hovercrafts could not cope with the demands of the River Humber." 38 Piers Piers, obstruction Paragraph D, Line 5 "A suspension bridge with no support piers in mid-stream would not obstruct the estuary." 39 Tunnel Tunnel, cost Paragraph C, Line 7 "Because of the geology and topography of the area, the cost of constructing a tunnel would have been excessive." 40 Concrete Concrete, towers Paragraph E, Line 3 "The towers were concrete rather than the usual steel, since concrete was cheaper and would blend in better with the setting."

IELTS Cambridge 11 Test 1: GT Reading Module Section 1: Questions 1-14 Question 1-5 Is Your Child at School Today? Question Number Question Keywords Answer Location in Passage Explanation 1 Children must go to the school where they are registered. children must, go to school, registered TRUE Paragraph 1, Lines 3-4 The passage says (states) that "The law says that parents must (ensure)  that their child regularly (attends)  the school where he/she is (registered) ." This confirms the statement. 2 All arrivals after the register has closed are recorded as ‘unauthorised’ absences. all arrivals, after register closed, recorded, unauthorised absences FALSE Paragraph 3, Lines 2-4 The passage says that if a child arrives after the register has closed without a (good reason) , it will be recorded as an ('unauthorised')  absence. This means there are (exceptions) , so the statement is false. 3 If your child is absent from school, you must send the school a letter to explain why. child absent, must send, letter, explain why NOT GIVEN Paragraph 4, Line 2 The passage mentions that parents must (inform)  the school about absences but does not (specify) that a (letter is required). 4 Staff who think a child is having difficulties at school will contact the parents. staff, child, difficulties, contact parents NOT GIVEN Paragraph 5, Line 3 The passage (advises) parents to (contact)  the school if they think their child has (difficulties) , but it does not mention that (staff will reach out)  to parents. 5 Schools will contact other authorities about children who take frequent unauthorised absences. schools contact, other authorities, frequent unauthorised absences NOT GIVEN Paragraph 6, Line 4 The passage explains that (unauthorised absences)  will be recorded as (truancy)  but does not mention (contacting other authorities).     Questions 6-14: HOLIDAY APARTMENTS TO LET Question Number Question Keywords Answer Location in Passage Explanation 6 It overlooks a golf course. overlooks, golf course F Section F, Line 3 The passage says, ".. . .. . .. with attractive views of the golf course." Here, attractive views means overlooks , so the statement is true. 7 It has its own parking space. has, own, parking space B Section B, Line 2 The passage says, " . .. . Private parking in front of the building." Here, private  means own , so the statement is true. 8 It is in the centre of a town. in the centre, town G Section G, Line 1 The passage says, "Two-bedroom apartment in central location in the busy street with shops, restaurants etc." Here, central location  means centre of a town , so the statement is true. 9 The sea can be seen from it. the sea, can be seen A Section A, Line 1 The passage says, "One-bedroom apartment with uninterrupted sea views." Here, sea views  means the sea can be seen , so the statement is true. 10 There is a swimming pool for residents of the apartment complex. swimming pool, residents, apartment complex D Section D, Lines 1-2 The passage says, "Two-bedroom apartment in a complex with its own pool and beautiful views of the national park." Here, a complex with its own pool means a swimming pool for residents , so the statement is true. 11 It is in a new apartment complex. new, apartment complex B Section B, Lines 1-2 The passage says, ".. .. Spacious one-bedroom apartment in a complex that has only just opened, five minutes’ walk from the sea…. ." Here, has only just opened  means new , so the statement is true. 12 It is part of an apartment complex with its own supermarket. part of, apartment complex, with, own supermarket A Section A, Line 4 The passage says, "This is a small first-floor apartment in a well-established apartment complex containing a range of leisure facilities and a supermarket for residents." Here, in a well-established apartment complex  means part of an apartment complex , so the statement is true. 13 It has a private outdoor area where you can sit. private outdoor area, can sit C Section C, Line 1 The passage says, "large terrace with uninterrupted views of the river and mountains." Here, large terrace  means private outdoor area , so the statement is true. 14 The owners will organise parking on request. owners, will organise, parking, on request F Section F, Last Line The passage says, "Garage available by arrangement with the owners." Here, garage  means parking , and by arrangement with the owners  means the owners will organise on request , so the statement is true.     IELTS Cambridge 11 Test 1: GT Reading Module Section 2: Questions 15-27 Questions 15-21: GZJ Travel – Recruitment Info.   Question Number Question Keywords Answer Location in Passage Explanation 15 Give proof of achievements so far both in education and in a __________. stage one , application form , give proof , achievements , both in education and marketing environment Paragraph 2, Lines 3-5 The passage says, "For the Travel Sales Consultant role, you’ll need to provide us with evidence that you have extensive experience in a marketing environment , as well as a solid academic background." 16 Note: additional requirements for applicants interested in the role of __________. stage one , note , additional requirements , applicants interested , the role of Corporate Travel Consultant Paragraph 2, Last Line The passage says, "If you’re interested in a career as a Corporate Travel Consultant , you’ll need at least one year’s experience as a Travel Consultant." 17 More information is given about company and the __________ you could receive. stage two , more info. , given , about company and , could receive rewards Paragraph 3, First Line The passage says, "If you reach Stage Two , we’ll arrange a telephone discussion, where you can find out more about us, including the rewards  on offer." 18 Information about the annual event, where the prizes are given to those who have made _____________. stage two , information , annual event , prizes , given , who have made outstanding efforts Paragraph 3, Lines 2-4 The passage says, "Once a year we like to acknowledge outstanding efforts  and celebrate successes with our co-workers, and we have prize-giving ceremonies designed to do just this." 19 Chance to tell us about how good you are at selling, and also about the __________ you have. stage three , chance to tell , how good , at selling , about , you have ambitions Paragraph 4, Lines 3-4 The passage says, "We’ll be asking you about your ambitions  and of course your sales ability, the most vital quality for our business." 20 Take part in a ___________ (used to learn about your way of working) stage three , take part in , learn about , way of working psychometric test Paragraph 4, Lines 4-6 The passage says, "You’ll also be required to complete a psychometric test  so we can find out more about your working style and characteristics." 21 Meet a manager, and the _________ working in a particular store. stage four , meet , manager , working , particular store team Paragraph 5, Lines 1-3 The passage says, "Next, in Stage Four , you’ll be introduced to the Area Leader and you’ll also visit one of our shops, where you’ll meet the team  and find out more about the sort of work involved."     Questions 22-27: Hilton Laboratory: Health and safety in the workplace Question Number Question Keywords Answer Location in Passage Explanation 22 There are certain places in the building that staff should avoid unless they have __________. certain places , staff should avoid , unless authorisation ‘Personal safety’ section, Lines 2-3 The passage says, "Do not enter restricted areas without authorisation ." Here, staff should avoid  means do not enter, certain places means restricted areas, and unless they have  means without. 23 To ensure people can get out easily, it is important that there are no _________ to exits. to ensure , people , can get out , easily , no , to exits obstructions ‘Personal safety’ section, Lines 3-5 The passage says, "Do not wedge open fire doors or tamper with door closures, and do not block doorways, corridors or stairs, as obstructions may affect access in the event of a fire." 24 Items which could cause injury must be __________ before they are disposed of. items , cause injury , must be , before , disposed of wrapped (carefully) ‘How to dispose of rubbish safely’ section, Lines 3-5 The passage says, "Never put sharp objects such as razor blades or broken glass into waste bins without having wrapped  the items carefully to protect those emptying the bins." 25 Not all departments have the same system for dealing with __________ so you need to check before throwing things away. not all departments have , same system , dealing with , need to check , before , throwing things away waste/rubbish ‘How to dispose of rubbish safely’ section, Last Line The passage says, "Other waste procedures may vary – contact your Building Manager or Divisional Safety Officer for advice with regard to your particular department." 26 __________ are available to make tasks, which require moving objects easier. available , make tasks , require moving objects easier Trolleys ‘How to handle heavy objects’ section, Lines 4-5 The passage says, "Wherever possible you should use the trolleys provided in the workplace to do the job for you." 27 You should have __________ while you are working. should have , while , working (regular) breaks ‘Staying alert’ section, Last Line The passage says, "Make sure that you take regular breaks  when necessary."       IELTS Cambridge 11 Test 1: GT Reading Module Section 3: Questions 28-40 The Zebras’ long walk across Africa   Question Number Question Keywords Answer Location in Passage Explanation 28 Section A   making it second only , great trek , zebra herds , Serengeti National Park vi (Nearly a record in the zebra world) End of Section A, Lines 5-6 The phrase "making it second only" indicates it's almost a record, with the zebras of Botswana coming second to the Serengeti National Park. 29 Section B   Hattie Bartlam , discovered migration , tracking zebra groups , harems , PhD viii (The original aim of the work) Section B, First Lines The passage explains Hattie's original aim was for her PhD, tracking zebras, which led to the discovery of migration patterns. 30 Section C   This raised the question , even more difficult to understand iv (Some confusing information) Section C, Last Lines The passage highlights confusion about the zebras' migration despite sufficient food and water. 31 Section D   giant fences , the fence , an obstruction on the traditional route ii (An obstruction on the traditional route) Section D, Lines 4-9 The passage refers to fences as an obstruction to the zebras' usual migration route. 32 Section E information passed on , one generation to another , zebras ix (How was the information passed on?) Section E, Lines 4-7 The section discusses how young zebras learned migratory behavior despite their parents being unable to migrate. 33 Section F three different ways of living , different behaviours vii (Three different ways of living) Section F, Lines 2-10 The passage describes three groups of zebras with different behaviors in terms of migration. 34 Section G vital , key , understanding zebras x (Why it is important to study zebras) Section G, Lines 2-7 The passage emphasizes the importance of studying zebras due to their role in the food chain and ecosystem. 35 Zebras tend to live together in small units, which experts call ___________ . Zebras , tend to live together , small units , experts call harems Section B, First Lines The passage explains zebras live in groups called "harems," which is the term experts use for them. 36 What is the term for the adult female zebras and their young that a male zebra is in charge of? male zebra , charge of , adult , their young mares Section B, Lines 2-3 The passage mentions the male zebra (stallion) has control over a group of mares and their foals. 37 What do zebras sometimes assemble into, according to Section B, and what does their loyalty extend to? assemble , bigger groupings , zebras’ loyalty , small unit herds Section B, Lines 4-6 The passage indicates that although zebras may gather in larger groups (herds), their loyalty stays within their harem. 38 How did Hattie feel when she heard some of the zebras had travelled so far? Hattie feel , zebras travelled so far D (unsure as to their real motivation for going) Section C, Lines 3-6 The passage shows Hattie was surprised and unsure about the motivation for the zebras' unexpected migration. 39 What does the writer indicate when describing the different Botswana zebra populations? describing , Botswana zebra populations , writer indicates A (his admiration for the ones who migrate the furthest distance) Section F, Last Lines The writer admires the zebras that migrate the furthest distance across Botswana, showing respect for their extraordinary journey. 40 What does the writer suggest in the final paragraph about research matters? writer suggest , final paragraph B (it is sometimes necessary to go against the trend in research matters) Section G, Final Lines The passage suggests that it's important for researchers like Hattie to take risks and go against traditional research methods for new discoveries.

Evening Courses Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 C Teach, skill, others Paragraph C, Lines 1-2 "This course is for parents who want to learn how to make fun food with the aim of showing their kids how to cook later at home." 2 E Prepare, home, class Paragraph E, Line 3 "To really benefit from the course, learners should have time to read ahead between sessions." 3 D Materials, course fee Paragraph D, Line 2 "Base metals are supplied free." 4 B Prepare, meals, guests Paragraph B, Line 1 "This course has plenty of ideas and tips for special occasions that you can enjoy preparing, love eating and be proud to provide." 5 E Best use, certain item Paragraph E, Line 1 "This course will allow you to take full advantage of your digital camera."   The Bike Foundry    Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 TRUE Second-hand bicycles Paragraph 2, Line 1 "We gratefully accept donations of unwanted bikes." 9 FALSE Training sessions, Bike Foundry Paragraph 4, Line 1 "We offer maintenance and cycle training to schools and small groups on their own premises." 10 NOT GIVEN Bike Basics, new cyclists No information specifically mentions new cyclists for this course. 11 NOT GIVEN Snacks, maintenance training No specific mention of snacks being provided. 12 TRUE Tool Club, reference books Paragraph 7, Line 1 "There’s a range of reference manuals available." 13 NOT GIVEN Participants, Cycling Training, beginners No specific mention of the majority of participants being beginners. 14 TRUE Cancel, training course, refund Paragraph 8, Line 2 "We ask for a 50% deposit to confirm your place, refundable up to seven days before the course."   Benefits for staff of Hamberton Hospital Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 Contribution Recognition, staff Paragraph 1, Line 1 "Our attractive benefits package is one of the ways we acknowledge the contribution they all make in the provision of high quality patient care." 16 Sick Sick, maternity leave Paragraph 3, Line 2 "excellent occupational sick pay and maternity leave and pay entitlements." 17 Loans Loans, housing Paragraph 3, Line 4 "loans to assist with the purchase of housing for employees in the health service." 18 Parents Work-life balance Paragraph 4, Line 3 "We are committed to making this balance work for all employees equally, not just parents." 19 Policies Return to work Paragraph 6, Line 3 "policies supporting phased returns to work after long illnesses or injuries." 20 Parking On-site facilities Paragraph 7, Line 1 "On-site facilities include: ... ample parking." 21 Holidays Red Guava, discounts Paragraph 8, Line 2 "Red Guava provides discounts on holidays, for example, and can save you money in many other ways too." Performance-related pay Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 22 Retain Retain, existing staff Paragraph 1, Line 1 "They may: be keen to retain current staff." 23 Targets Measurable, targets Paragraph 2, Line 1 "In order for performance-related schemes to work they should be based on clear, measurable targets agreed by both employer and employee." 24 Commission Bonus, commission Paragraph 4, Line 1 "Short-term schemes usually offer bonus payments, or, depending on the type of work, commission on sales achieved." 25 Senior Senior, long-term Paragraph 5, Line 2 "Long-term schemes offer rewards like share options, and can help to encourage loyalty to the organisation and its aims. Such schemes tend to be used as a way of retaining senior staff." 26 Meetings/letters Records, relevant Paragraph 7, Line 4 "keep copies of any letters and notes of any meetings." 27 Women Discrimination, women Paragraph 9, Line 2 "Your employer must not discriminate against particular groups of people – for example, by giving smaller bonuses to women."       Marine Ecosystems Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 vi Marine ecosystems, blame Section A, Paragraph 1 "For some time now, the world’s oceans and the people who fish them have been a constant source of bad environmental news... " 29 iv Press, missed Section B, Paragraph 2 "What the scientist who led the study has said is that the main conclusion of his research has been buried beneath the headlines." 30 ii Historical, Wadden Sea Section C, Paragraph 1 "Around 7,500 years ago, shrinking glaciers and the resulting higher water levels led to the development of what’s called the Wadden Sea..." 31 viii Factors, not fishing Section D, Paragraph 1 "What’s interesting is that overfishing isn’t the main agent of the decline... It’s due to an ongoing combination of exploitation, habitat destruction and pollution." 32 v Biodiversity, help Section E, Paragraph 2 "Worm believes that, ‘to have a greater number of species makes an ecosystem more robust’. His theory is backed up by evidence from experiments into how ecosystems react to change." 33 vii Optimism, reversal Section F, Paragraph 1 "Worm and his colleagues were able to show that it’s possible to reverse such damage as long as there are enough species." 34 iii Marine creatures, missed Section G, Paragraph 2 "Human nature will always draw us towards those species or habitats that are more aesthetically pleasing." 35 A Ecosystems, breakdown Paragraph 2, Line 1 "Boris Worm’s main concern is that marine ecosystems will completely break down." 36 C Help, unattractive Paragraph 8, Line 1 "The public are much less likely to help unattractive creatures." 37 B Review, management Paragraph 9, Line 1 "A radical review of marine resource management is needed." 38 Glaciers Created, consequence Section C, Paragraph 1 "The Wadden Sea was created when the sea rose as a consequence of glaciers slowly contracting." 39 Birds Wetlands, shore Section C, Paragraph 1 "the salt marshes and mud flats on the coast supported millions of birds." 40 Oxygen Destroy, survival Section D, Paragraph 3 "This over-enrichment of the sea can ultimately lead to the collapse of the entire system through oxygen starvation."

The best travel wallets Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 D Natural materials Line 1, Paragraph 1 "This wallet comes in smooth black leather" 2 B Waterproof Line 2, Paragraph 2 "This is a waterproof wallet" 3 C Categories printed Line 1, Paragraph 3 "The inside compartment labels identifying each separate section all have silver lettering on them." 4 F Several passports Line 1, Paragraph 6 "It can fit at least four passports." 5 D Writing Line 2, Paragraph 4 "A small navy-blue pen is supplied inside." 6 G Easy to find Line 1, Paragraph 7 "It is made of PVC plastic and will suit those who like a wallet that is easy to spot." 7 E Provided Line 1, Paragraph 5 "It comes in a handy drawstring bag." 8 B Anti-RFID Line 2, Paragraph 2 "It uses anti-RFID (radio frequency identification) material so your financial details will be safe." UK rail services – how do l claim for my delayed train? Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 True Varies by company Line 1, Paragraph 1 "Train companies all have different rules, so it can be confusing to work out what you’re entitled to." 10 False Compensation if caused Line 3, Paragraph 2 "The train company will pay out even if it was not responsible for the delay." 11 False Exact amounts Line 4, Paragraph 2 "On the London Underground, you get a full refund for 15-minute delays." 12 Not Given Willing to pay Not mentioned There is no information provided about an increasing number of companies being willing to pay for problems they aren't responsible for. 13 True Older scheme and strike Line 4, Paragraph 4 "Strike action" is listed as a situation where compensation is unlikely under the older scheme. 14 True Train voucher Line 5, Paragraph 5 "Some train companies are still paying using rail vouchers, which they are allowed to do if you do not ask for a cash refund." Vacancy for food preparation assistant Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 Stadium Location of restaurant Line 1, Paragraph 1 "We currently have a vacancy for a food preparation assistant in our restaurant at Locksley Stadium." 16 Team Working environment Line 5, Paragraph 1 "It goes without saying that working as an effective and supportive member of a team is essential." 17 Hygiene High standards Line 6, Paragraph 2 "The role includes the usual responsibilities, such as treating hygiene as your number one priority." 18 Storage Food procedures Line 7, Paragraph 2 "The person appointed will carry out a range of tasks, including familiarising themselves with the storage system." 19 Guaranteed Working hours Line 10, Paragraph 3 "You can expect to work an average of around 18 hours a week, although this cannot be guaranteed." Setting up a business partnership in the UK Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 20 Status Limited company Line 2, Paragraph 1 "Unlike a limited company, a partnership doesn’t have a separate legal status." 21 Debts Responsibility Line 5, Paragraph 1 "If your business cannot afford to pay its debts, you must pay them yourselves." 22 Profits Business profits Line 6, Paragraph 2 "Partners share the business’s profits, and each partner pays tax on their share." 23 Trading Business name usage Line 9, Paragraph 3 "You should register your name as a trademark if you want to stop people from trading under your business name." 24 Internet Checking name usage Line 9, Paragraph 3 "It is advisable to search on the internet for the name you are considering." 25 Invoices Official paperwork Line 12, Paragraph 4 "You must include all the partners’ names and the business name (if you have one) on official paperwork, for example invoices." 26 Agent HMRC contact Line 13, Paragraph 5 "Alternatively, you can appoint an agent to deal with HMRC on your behalf." 27 Penalty Late registration Line 14, Paragraph 5 "You must register by 5 October in your business’s second tax year, or you could be charged a penalty." THE ROLE OF THE SWISS POSTBUS Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 C Swiss transportation Line 2, Paragraph 1 "The trunk that holds the tree together is the vast postbus network, without which the whole network would not function." 29 D Bus services Line 5, Paragraph 2 "The frequency of these services is directly related to population density." 30 A Three-tone horns Line 8, Paragraph 3 "A driver can announce ‘departure of post’, ‘arrival of post’, ‘arrival of special post’, and so on – so much more romantic and often more reliable than radio or mobile phones." 31 A Postbus drivers Line 11, Paragraph 5 "Most of the drivers therefore see themselves as educators and tour guides. Although it’s not in their job description, they’re likely to point out the sights — waterfalls, gorges, and so on." 32 B Automated announcements Line 17, Paragraph 6 "By law, their automated intercom announcements are given in the language of whichever canton the bus is currently passing through." 33 True Army vehicles Line 19, Paragraph 7 "After the First World War, Swiss Post bought a fleet of decommissioned military trucks which were converted into postbuses." 34 Not Given Driverless buses No specific reference in the text There is no mention of the number of driverless buses increasing steadily. 35 False Longest postbus route Line 22, Paragraph 8 "Switzerland’s longest postbus journey, and one of the highest, crosses four mountain passes – an eight-hour trip undertaken by a single postbus." 36 True Extreme weather conditions Line 23, Paragraph 8 "The route goes through several cantons; two languages (German and Italian); all four seasons – from burning sunshine to showers and heavy snowfalls." 37 True Nickname for route Line 24, Paragraph 8 "One of the passes, the Gotthard, is often described as ‘the People’s Road’." 38 False Shortened training Line 18, Paragraph 6 "Irrespective of their previous driving experience, drivers undergo lots of training." 39 Not Given School children No specific reference in the text There is no mention of most passengers being school children. 40 Not Given Rubbish collection No specific reference in the text There is no mention of buses carrying only recyclable rubbish.

Different festivals Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 G visitors, help, make, one particular event, success Paragraph G (Bath International Dance Festival) The writer says in lines 2-3, “. . .. . the festival promises toe-tapping action, including a world record attempt, where everyone is invited to join in.” Here, "a world record attempt, where everyone is invited to join in" = "Visitors can help to make one particular event a success." 2 D people, can listen, local musicians Paragraph D (Wychwood Music Festival) The author says in lines 2-3, “.. .. . – many featuring artists from around the Wychwood area – .. . . .” Here, "featuring artists from around the Wychwood area" = "local musicians." 3 B people, can listen, lots of different places Paragraph B (The Great Escape) Lines 1-2 say, “.. .. . more than 300 bands will perform to around 10,000 people in 30-plus venues, .. .” Here, "30-plus venues" = "lots of different places." 4 A not necessary, to pay, one of the events Paragraph A (Bath International Music Festival) The author says in line no. 2, “. . .. Starting with a great night of free music, .. . . ..” Here, "free music" = "not necessary to pay." 5 F possible, stay overnight Paragraph F (The 3 Wishes Faery Festival) The author writes in lines 2-3, “. .. . .. If you don’t fancy taking a tent, some local residents usually offer to put visitors up.” Here, "some local residents usually offer to put visitors up" = "possible to stay overnight." 6 D children, will enjoy Paragraph D (Wychwood Music Festival) The writer says in the beginning, “Right nominated for the best family festival award every year since it began in 2005, .. .. ..” Here, "best family festival" = "children will enjoy." 7 E visitors, can get advice Paragraph E (Love Food Festival) Lines 1-2 say, “. .. . .. this festival aims to educate visitors about how food should be produced and where it should come from, .. .. .” Here, "aims to educate visitors" = "visitors can get advice." 8 C can watch, craftspeople, at work Paragraph C (Springwatch Festival) The writer says in line no. 2, “. .. .. wood carving demonstrations, .. . . .” Here, "wood carving demonstrations" = "People can watch craftspeople at work."   BIG ROCK CLIMBING CENTRE   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 9 FALSE climbing, Big Rock Centre, compulsory, be attached, rope Paragraph 1, Lines 5-6 "Or experience the thrills of climbing without any harness in our special low-level arena." 10 NOT GIVEN people, just want to watch, can enter, without paying Paragraph 2, Last lines "If you are visiting friends or family but not climbing, or just fancy coming to look, please feel free to relax in our excellent café overlooking the climbing areas." However, NO information is given about payment. 11 TRUE people, can arrange, have, climbing session, their own garden, if they wish 'Mobile Climbing Wall' section, First lines "Available on a day hire basis at any location, the Big Rock Mobile Climbing Wall is the perfect way to enhance any show, festival, or event." 12 TRUE certain item, clothing, forbidden, participants 'Mobile Climbing Wall' section, Lines 7-8 "We will however, ask people to remove scarves." 13 FALSE Mobile Climbing Wall, only, be used, dry, calm weather 'Mobile Climbing Wall' section, Lines 9-10 "The mobile wall is very adaptable and can be operated in light rain and winds up to 50 kph." 14 FALSE inadvisable, children, afraid of heights, use, Mobile Climbing Wall 'What about hiring the mobile climbing wall for my school or college?' section, Lines 3-6 "If you are concerned that some children may not want to take part because they feel nervous if they climb, then please be assured that our instructors will support them up to a level which they are comfortable with."     Marketing advice for new business Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 research will help, discover, most effective places, advertise ‘Know where your customers look’ section “That’s why it pays to do a bit of research.” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) 16 survey of your customers, will show, how, they feel, company ‘Always think like a customer’ section “A simple phone or email survey of your own customers… is invaluable.” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) 17 mix forms of advertising, make, more likely, potential customers, find out ‘Make sure customers know you’re there’ section “Using a mix of these increases your chances of being seen.” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) 18 updates if you can, provide customers, useful, about business ‘Ignore your customers and they’ll go away’ section “Send them updates that are helpful, informative and relevant.” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 4) 19 information measuring, effects, advertising, give, improve, business ‘Know what works (and what doesn’t)’ section “It might just throw up some information that could change your business for the better.” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) 20 reputation success, finding new customers, largely depends on ‘Remember word-of-mouth: the best advertising there is’ section “So your reputation is your greatest asset.” (Line 3, Paragraph 6) Working Time Regulations for Mobile Workers Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 self-employed apply to, lorries, buses, don’t apply to, workers Second paragraph "Those defined in the Regulations as being self-employed are currently not covered by the Regulations." 22 average maximum working hours, 60 hours a week, provided, no more than 48 hours Second bullet point of ‘What are the limits’ section "In any single week, up to 60 hours can be worked so long as the 48-hour average is maintained." 23 agreement night work, more than 10 hours, with, of the workers Third bullet point of ‘What are the limits’ section "Night work is limited to 10 hours per night, unless there is a workplace agreement to work longer." 24 checks work includes, driving, loading and unloading, carrying out, various, of the vehicle First paragraph of ‘What counts as work?’ section "In general, any activities performed in connection with the transport operation count as work, for example, driving, loading/unloading, and those checks that are the responsibility of drivers, such as checking lights, brakes etc." 25 train period of availability, going on, or, other form of transport, with a vehicle Second paragraph of ‘What counts as work?’ section "Accompanying a vehicle being transported, for example by train." 26 freedom a period at the workstation, when, the driver has, some, might count as, a period of availability Third paragraph of ‘What counts as work?’ section "A period of availability can be taken at the workstation. Providing the worker has a reasonable amount of freedom (e.g. they can read and relax) for a known duration, this could satisfy the requirements of a period of availability." 27 congestion periods of availability exclude, time spent, stopping and starting, vehicle, when, causes delay, in a queue, load, unload Fourth paragraph of ‘What counts as work?’ section "Situations when a period of time should not be recorded as a period of availability: • Hold-ups due to congestion, because the driver would be stopping and starting the vehicle."       A brief history of automata   Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 myths ancient Greeks, a number of, concerning automata, god Hephaestus, created, two assistants, gold Paragraph 1, Lines 3-6 "Several myths show that the ancient Greeks were interested in the creation of automata. In one, Hephaestus, the god of all mechanical arts, was reputed to have made two female statues of pure gold which assisted him and accompanied him wherever he went." 29 levers Greeks, probably, also created, real automata, most likely, mechanism, controlled them, consisted of, human operators Paragraph 1, Lines 6-8 "As well as giving automata a place in mythology, the Greek almost certainly created some. There were probably activated by levers and powered by human action, although there are descriptions of steam and water being used as sources of power." 30 tools some automata, designed to be, with, educational purpose Paragraph 1, Final lines "Automata were sometimes intended as toys, or as tools for demonstrating basic scientific principles." 31 F (Merlin) created, automation, represented, bird in water, interacting with, surroundings Paragraph 6 "In another well-known piece, Merlin’s silver swan made in 1773, the swan sits in a stream consisting of glass rods where small silver fish are swimming. When the clockwork is wound, a music box plays and the glass rods rotate, giving the impression of a flowing stream. The swan turns its head from side to side. It soon notices the fish and bends down to catch and eat one, then raises its head to the upright position." 32 E (Vaucanson) created, automation, performed on, musical instrument Paragraph 5, Lines 6-9 "Vaucanson produced a duck made of gilded copper which ate, drank and quacked like a real duck. He also made a life-size female flute player. Air passes through the complex mechanism, causing the lips and fingers of the player to move naturally on the flute, opening and closing holes on it. This automation had a repertoire of twelve tunes." 33 B (Arab engineers) produced documents, how to create, automata Paragraph 3, First lines "Much later, Arab engineers of the ninth and thirteenth centuries wrote detailed treatises on how to build programmable musical fountains, mechanical servants, and elaborate clocks." 34 D (Maillardet) created automata, required, human being, operate, mechanism Paragraph 5, Lines 4-6 "Maillardet made extensive use of gearing and cogs to produce automata of horses, worked by turning a handle." 35 A (Ctesibius) used, air and water power Paragraph 2, Lines 1-3 "In Egypt, Ctesibius experimented with air pressure and pneumatic principles. One of his creations was a singing blackbird powered by water." 36 palace The Mechanical Theatre, shows, court life, inside Paragraph 8, Lines 4-5 "The figures inside a palace depict eighteenth-century court life." 37 trades the Mechanical Theatre, building workers, butchers, a barber, represent, various, of the time Paragraph 8, Lines 5-8 "A total of 141 mobile and 52 immobile little figures demonstrate all manner of trades of the period: building workers bring materials to the foreman, who drinks; butchers slaughter an ox; a barber shaves a man." 38 water provides, the power, operates, the Mechanical Theatre Paragraph 8, Final lines "The theatre shows great skill in clock making and water technology, consisting of hidden waterwheels, copper wiring and cogwheels." 39 techniques new, developed, nineteenth century, reduced, cost of the production, automata Final paragraph, First lines "During the nineteenth century, mass production techniques meant that automata could be made cheaply and easily." 40 children during, nineteenth century, most automata, intended for, use by Final paragraph, Lines 1-3 "During the nineteenth century, mass production techniques meant that automata could be made cheaply and easily, and they became toys for children rather than an expensive adult amusement."

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1. The Dead Sea Scrolls Q Answer Keywords Keyword Location Text 1 rock shepherds, tossed, rock, shattering sound Paragraph 1, Lines 3-4 One of these young shepherds tossed a rock into an opening on the side of a cliff and was surprised to hear a shattering sound . 2 cave He, companions, entered, cave Paragraph 1, Lines 4-5 He and his companions later entered the cave . 3 clay stumbled, collection, large, clay jars Paragraph 1, Line 5 stumbled across a collection of large clay jars . 4 essenes people, belonged, group, Essenes Paragraph 2, Lines 4-5 the people are thought to have belonged to a group called the Essenes , a devout Jewish sect. 5 hebrew majority, texts, Dead Sea Scrolls, Hebrew Paragraph 3, Line 1 The majority of the texts on the Dead Sea Scrolls are in Hebrew . 6 NOT GIVEN - - - 7 FALSE origin, Dead Sea Scrolls, 2,000, 150 BCE and 70 CE Paragraph 2, Lines 1-2 The origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written around 2,000 years ago between 150 BCE and 70 CE, is still a source of academic controversy today. 8 TRUE Dead Sea Scrolls, fragments, Bible, Book of Esther Paragraph 4, Lines 1-2 The Dead Sea Scrolls include fragments from every book of the Old Testament of the Bible except for the Book of Esther. 9 TRUE Known, Copper Scroll, chiseled, metal Paragraph 5, Lines 4-5 Known as the Copper Scroll, this curious document features letters chiseled onto metal . 10 FALSE Mar Samuel, acquired, four, seven scrolls Paragraph 6, Lines 1-2 In 1948, a Syrian Orthodox archbishop known as Mar Samuel acquired four of the original seven scrolls . 11 FALSE ideal, gift, religious, individual or group Paragraph 6, Lines 7-8 This would be an ideal gift to an educational or religious institution  by an individual or group . 12 TRUE 2017, researchers, deciphered, untranslated scrolls Paragraph 8, Lines 1-2 In 2017, researchers from the University of Haifa restored and deciphered one of the last untranslated scrolls . 13 NOT GIVEN - - -   READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 . A second attempt at domesticating the tomato Question Answer Keywords Location (Paragraph:Line) Text Q14 C tomato resistant to infection D: 3 "The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with desirable traits lost in domesticated tomatoes. In this way, they managed to create a strain resistant to a common disease called bacterial spot race, which can devastate yields." Q15 B problems from focusing on specific tomato plant B: 6-9 "But every time a single plant with a mutation is taken from a larger population for breeding, much genetic diversity is lost. And sometimes the desirable mutations come with less desirable traits. For instance, the tomato strains grown for supermarkets have lost much of their flavour." Q16 E plants not cultivated but could be useful as food sources E: 1-3 "The three teams already have their eye on other plants that could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’, including foxtail, oat-grass, and cowpea." Q17 B comparison between early and recent tomato domestication B: 6-9 "By comparing the genomes of modern plants to those of their wild relatives, biologists have been working out what genetic changes occurred as plants were domesticated. The teams in Brazil and China have now used this knowledge to reintroduce these changes from scratch while maintaining or even enhancing the desirable traits of wild strains." Q18 C personal reaction to genetically edited tomato flavor C: 10-12 "‘They are quite tasty,’ says Kudla. ‘A little bit strong. And very aromatic.’" Q19 B domestication allowing adaptation to environmental challenges E paragraph’s second full paragraph . The three teams already have their eye on other plants that could be ‘catapulted into the mainstream’, including foxtail, oat-grass and cowpea. By choosing wild plants that are drought or heat tolerant, says Gao , we could create crops that will thrive even as the planet warms. Q20 D growing and eating unusual plants may not be accepted E: 1-3 "This approach could boost the use of many obscure plants, says Jonathan Jones of the Sainsbury Lab in the UK. But it will be hard for new foods to grow so popular with farmers and consumers that they become new staple crops, he thinks." Q21 A future direction of research not advisable to be made public C: 13-15 No specific researcher mentioned, but it aligns with the statement about revealing the species they are working on. Q22 C present efforts limited by costs involved D: 5-8 "Van Eck’s team has edited the plants to increase fruit size, make their growth more compact and to stop fruits dropping. ‘There’s potential for this to be a commercial crop,’ says Van Eck. But she adds that taking the work further would be expensive because of the need to pay for a licence for the CRISPR technology and get regulatory approval." Q23 A humans using a small proportion of plant food available B: 15-16 "‘This could transform what we eat,’ says Jorg Kudla at the University of Munster in Germany, a member of the Brazilian team. ‘There are 50,000 edible plants in the world, but 90 percent of our energy comes from just 15 crops.’" Q24 flavor undesirable trait caused by mutation B: 6-9 "For instance, the tomato strains grown for supermarkets have lost much of their flavour." Q25 size modification in a gene resulted in tomato increase C: 1-2 "Kudla’s team made six changes altogether. For instance, they tripled the size of fruit by editing a gene called FRUIT WEIGHT." Q26 salt type of tomato rich in vitamin C, not affected by D: 5-7 | "The team in China re-domesticated several strains of wild tomatoes with desirable traits lost in domesticated tomatoes. In this way, they managed to create a strain resistant to a common disease called bacterial spot race, which can devastate yields. They also created another strain that is more salt tolerant – and has higher levels of vitamin C."      READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 . Insight or evolution? Question Answer Keywords Location Text 27 D purpose first paragraph First paragraph "Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often disregards the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors." 28 A writers second paragraph Second paragraph "Setting aside such greats as Darwin and Einstein – whose monumental contributions are duly celebrated – we suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error" 29 A writers suggest Darwin Einstein Third paragraph "We propose that science is constantly evolving, much as species of animals do." 30 C John Nicholson example Third paragraph "Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, jumped off from this interesting idea to conceive his now-famous model of the atom." 31 A key point 'acey-deucy' stirrup placement Fourth paragraph "His modification just happened to coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance." 32 NO Plato da Vinci geniuses understand process Not given Not given 33 NOT GIVEN Law of Effect discovered psychologists scientific reason Not given Not given 34 YES Law of Effect no planning Ninth paragraph "The Law of Effect involves an entirely mechanical process of variation and selection, without any end objective in sight." 35 NO Law of Effect clear explanations sources Ninth paragraph "Of course, the origin of human innovation demands much further study." 36 NOT GIVEN scientists turning away from intelligent design genius Not given Not given 37 F sudden inspiration Summary "The traditional view of scientific discovery is that breakthroughs happen when a single great mind has sudden..." 38 D mistakes Summary "Advances are more likely to be the result of a longer process. In some cases, this process involves..." 39 E luck Summary "There is also often an element of..." 40 B goals Summary "With both the Law of Natural Selection and the Law of Effect, there may be no clear..."

New York Late-Starters String Orchestra Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 1 TRUE idea, NYLSO, based on, another orchestra Paragraph 1, Lines 1-3 "It was founded in early 2007, and grew out of a concept developed by The East London Late Starters Orchestra (ELLSO), an award-winning group in England." Here, "grew out of a concept developed by The East London Late Starters Orchestra (ELLSO)" means it was based on another orchestra. Question 2 TRUE ability, read music, essential Paragraph 2, Line 1 "Participants should have basic music reading skills and a willingness to commit to the group." Here, "should have" indicates that the ability to read music is essential. Question 3 TRUE NYLSO, might be unsuitable, very advanced level musicians Paragraph 2, Lines 3-5 "If you have ever been paid to play your instrument, recently graduated with a degree in performance, or have been playing continuously since elementary school, you may decide we are not the appropriate group for you." Here, it suggests that very advanced musicians might find the NYLSO unsuitable. Question 4 NOT GIVEN NYLSO concerts, free, members’ families and friends Paragraph 3, Line 5 The phrase "friends-and-family" is mentioned, but no information is provided about NYLSO concerts being free for members' families and friends. Question 5 FALSE rehearsals, always involve, full orchestra, playing together Paragraph 3, First few lines "It is fine if you miss an entire rehearsal period when an emergency arises." This suggests that rehearsals do not always involve the full orchestra playing together. Question 6 FALSE conductor, provides, her services, free, to NYLSO Paragraph 5, Final lines "Payments are applied to the costs of rehearsal space, conductor’s fees, and photocopying music." This implies that the conductor's services are not free. Question 7 NOT GIVEN NYLSO, advice, what instrument, to purchase Final paragraph There is no information in the passage regarding the NYLSO giving advice on what instrument to purchase. Best running watches    Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation Question 8 E suitable, not too expensive, first watch Garmin Forerunner 10 description "This is a well-priced, entry-level watch." Here, "well-priced" means not too expensive, and "entry-level watch" means suitable as a first watch for a runner. Question 9 F care, to make, very attractive, to look at Nike Fuelband description "This soft-touch and lightweight watch has been lovingly designed to appear more like a piece of futuristic jewellery than a running watch." This shows care has been taken to make the watch attractive. Question 10 D can be programmed, let the runner know, when, time, get some refreshment Timex Run Trainer 2.0 description "Alerts remind you when it’s time to hydrate or top up the nutrition." This indicates the watch can be programmed to notify the runner about refreshment times. Question 11 C will need, recharging, at frequent intervals Garmin Forerunner description "Although battery life is limited." This suggests the watch needs recharging at frequent intervals. Question 12 D both experienced and inexperienced, will find, useful Timex Run Trainer 2.0 description "The hi-res screen makes this a great watch for athletes at any level." This shows the watch is useful for both experienced and inexperienced runners. Question 13 A will find, all the features, useful Soleus FIT 1.0 description "Soleus claims this has everything you need and nothing you don’t." This indicates that all features are useful for runners. Question 14 G people, do most of, running, in cities, may find, not appropriate Suunto Ambit2 S HR description "This is better suited to off-roaders rather than urban runners." This suggests the watch may not be appropriate for those who run in cities. Employees’ health and safety responsibilities Question No. Answer Keywords Location & Explanation Question 15 law employees’ rights, established by, include "Your rights as an employee to work in a safe and healthy environment are set down in law." Here, "set down in law" means established by law. Question 16 equipment any, needed, to work safely, should be free "To be given any personal protective and safety equipment without being charged for it." Here, "without being charged" means should be free. Question 17 concerns may inform management, any, relating to health and safety "To tell your employer about any health and safety concerns you have." Here, "concerns" is directly related to health and safety issues. Question 18 breaks employees are entitled to, some, while, working "To have breaks during the time you are at work." Here, "breaks" means employees are entitled to breaks while working. Question 19 risk employees’ responsibilities, avoid, putting, colleagues and others "To take reasonable care not to expose fellow employees and members of the public to risk." Here, "risk" is the correct word for what employees should avoid exposing others to. Question 20 training do any, employer offers "To co-operate with your employer, making sure you complete the training that is provided." Here, "training" is what the employer offers. Question 21 injuries inform, employer, any, received, while working "To report any injuries you suffer as a result of doing your job." Here, "injuries" refers to what employees need to report. Question 22 medication make sure, employer knows, any, taking, that might affect performance "If you drive or operate machinery, you have a responsibility to tell your employer if you take medication that makes you feel sleepy." Here, "medication" is what might affect performance. Our company notices  Question No. Answer Keywords Location & Explanation Question 23 F staff, needed to work, internal communications "We’re looking for two people to take over... for the company intranet." Here, "company intranet" refers to internal communications, and "looking for two people" means staff are needed. Question 24 E people, needed, to help improve, internal system "We’re setting up a team to consider ways of raising quality and making recommendations for changes." Here, "setting up a team" means people are needed to improve an internal system. Question 25 G staff are asked, if, want to take part in, internal competition "We hope to re-start the company tennis championship... If this is something for you, talk to Bill Sinclair." Here, "company tennis championship" is the internal competition, and staff are asked if they want to participate. Question 26 D volunteers, asked to work overtime, for a limited period "We’ll need to run the production line for an additional three hours each evening throughout the week beginning 13 March." Here, "additional three hours" refers to overtime, and the time frame specifies it's for a limited period. Question 27 A staff will be told, where to work, temporarily "Staff based in that building will be individually notified of where they’ll work for that time." Here, "individually notified" means staff will be told where to work temporarily. Vanilla – the most wonderful flavour in the world      Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 C (Tahiti) vanilla, grown here, created from, more than one type of vanilla plant ‘Tahiti’ section, lines 3-6, first paragraph "Tahiti differs in the species of vanilla that is most common: Vanilla tahitensis Moore. This is the hybrid of two vanilla species introduced in the 1800s." 29 D (Indonesia) often, mixed with, other types ‘Indonesia’ section, final lines of the final paragraph "Indonesian vanilla works well when blended with vanillas from other regions and, because it’s more economical, it makes the end product more affordable." 30 B (Madagascar) some people claim, this country, produces, finest vanilla ‘Madagascar’ section, final lines of the second paragraph "Assisted by the climate and rich soil, hand pollination by the country’s skilled farmers has enabled Madagascar to become the world’s top vanilla producer in quantity and, many would argue, quality." 31 A (Mexico) goes well with, both, sweet, savoury ingredients ‘Mexico’ section, final paragraph "Vanilla from Mexico has a flavor that combines creamy tones with a deep, spicy character, making it a delicious complement to chocolate, cinnamon and other warm spices. It also works wonderfully in tomato sauces." 32 B (the lack of the most suitable pollinating insect) what, prevented countries, apart from Mexico, growing vanilla, in, 17th and 18th centuries ‘Mexico’ section, second paragraph "Mexico remained the sole grower of vanilla for another 300 years. The particular relationship between the vanilla orchid and an indigenous bee called the Melipone was crucial. It was responsible for pollinating the flowers, resulting in fruit production." 33 A (the adoption of a particular agricultural technique) what, was the main reason, success of vanilla cultivation, Madagascar ‘Madagascar’ section, first paragraph "It wasn’t until 1836 that Charles Morren, a Belgian botanist, discovered the pollination link between bee and plant. And then in 1841, Edmond Albius of Reunion developed an efficient method for fertilizing the flower by hand." 34 C (its taste is widely considered to be the standard taste of vanilla) the writer believes, Madagascan vanilla, so popular, because ‘Madagascar’ section, second paragraph "Assisted by the climate and rich soil, hand pollination by the country’s skilled farmers has enabled Madagascar to become the world’s top vanilla producer in quantity and, many would argue, quality." 35 brown Tahitian farmers, start by leaving the pods, turn, all over, then, wash, quickly, before, main stage, curing process ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, lines 1-6 "Mature pods are first stacked in a cool place until they are completely brown (five to ten days) and then rinsed briefly in clear water, a unique characteristic of the method used in Tahiti." 36 sunlight they place the pods, during, early part of the day ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, lines 7-8 "For the next month, growers expose the pods to the gentle morning sunlight." 37 transpiration cloths, wrapped round them, left in boxes, overnight, this procedure encourages ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, lines 9-11 "In the afternoon, they bind the pods in cloths and store them in crates until the next morning, to promote transpiration." 38 weight gradually, of the individual pods, start to decrease ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, lines 11-13 "Little by little, the vanilla pods lose weight and shrink." 39 fingers while this is happening, farmers, continue, work on the pods, they use, their, to flatten them out ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, lines 13-15 "Throughout this phase, the workers carefully smooth and even out the pods with their fingers." 40 moisture last stage, curing process, the pods, are kept in, cool place, open to the air, so that, amount of, within them, reduced ‘Tahiti’ section, second paragraph, final lines "Then after a month, the final step is to leave the pods in a shaded and well-ventilated spot for 40 days to lower their moisture content."

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.   Bringing cinnamon to Europe    Question Number Answer Keywords Location in Passage Associated Text 1 oils Biblical times, added Paragraph 1, lines 2-4 "It was known in biblical times, and is mentioned in several books of the Bible, both as an ingredient that was mixed with oils for anointing people’s bodies..." 2 friendship used, show, between people Paragraph 1, line 4 "...people’s bodies and also as a token indicating friendship among lovers and friends." 3 funerals Ancient Rome, used, sweet smell Paragraph 1, lines 5-6 "In ancient Rome, mourners attending funerals burnt cinnamon to create a pleasant scent." 4 wealth Middle ages, food, meat, indication Paragraph 1, lines 7-9 "At a banquet, a host would offer guests a plate with spices piled upon it as a sign of the wealth at his or her disposal." 5 indigestion treatment, other health problems Paragraph 1, lines 11-12 "Cinnamon was also reported to have health benefits, and was thought to cure various ailments, such as indigestion." 6 India Middle ages, grown Paragraph 2, line 6 "They took it from India, where it was grown..." 7 camels merchants, bring, Mediterranean Paragraph 2, lines 6-7 "At that time, cinnamon was transported by Arab merchants, who closely guarded the secret of the source of the spice from potential rivals... They took it from India, where it was grown, on camels via an overland route to the Mediterranean." 8 Alexandria arrived in, Mediterranean Paragraph 2, line 6 "Their journey ended when they reached Alexandria." 9 Venice traders, took, sold, destinations, Europe Paragraph 2, lines 6-8 "European traders sailed there to purchase their supply of cinnamon, then brought it back to Venice. The spice then traveled from that great trading city to markets all around Europe." 10 TRUE Portuguese, control, Ceylon, 16th century Paragraph 3, lines 10-12 "In 1518, the Portuguese built a fort on Ceylon, which enabled them to protect the island, so helping them to develop a monopoly in the cinnamon trade and generate very high profits. In the late 16th century, for example, they enjoyed a tenfold profit..." 11 FALSE The Dutch, cinnamon trade, the Portuguese, as soon as, arrived Paragraph 4, lines 5-6 "...By 1640, the Dutch broke the 150-year Portuguese monopoly when they overran and occupied their factories." 12 NOT GIVEN trees, the Dutch, larger quantities, wild trees Paragraph 5 - 13 FALSE spice trade, maintained, economic importance, 19th Question Number Answer Keywords Location in Passage Associated Text 13 FALSE spice trade, maintained, economic importance, 19th century Paragraph 6, lines 2-7 "By the middle of the 19th century, production of cinnamon reached 1000 tons a year, after a lower grade quality of the spice became acceptable to European tastes... Not only was a monopoly of cinnamon becoming impossible, but also the spice trade overall was diminishing in economic   READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 . Oxytocin   Question Number Answer Keywords Location in Passage Associated Text 14 B research, beneficial effects, people Paragraph B, lines 10-11 "These follow-up studies have shown that after a sniff of the hormone, people become more charitable, better at reading emotions on others’ faces and at communicating constructively in arguments." 15 F effects of oxytocin, complex Paragraph F "Perhaps we should not be surprised that the oxytocin story has become more perplexing." 16 B period, oxytocin, little attention Paragraph B, lines 7-8 "For eight years it was quite a lonesome field..." 17 E ignoring, certain aspects, research data Paragraph E, lines 3-4 "Where once researchers took no notice of such findings..." 18 A more trusting, affected by oxytocin Paragraph B "In a groundbreaking experiment, Markus Heinrichs and his colleagues at the University of Freiburg, Germany, asked volunteers to do an activity in which they could invest money with an anonymous person who was not guaranteed to be honest... These follow-up studies have shown that after a sniff of the hormone, people become more charitable, better at reading emotions on others’ faces and at communicating constructively in arguments." 19 B oxytocin, increases, jealousy Paragraph C, lines 3-4 "...those who inhaled the hormone showed more pleasure when they beat other players and felt more envy when others won." 20 C effect, varies, one type to another Paragraph C, lines 4-8 "What’s more, administrating oxytocin also has sharply contrasting outcomes depending on a person’s disposition. Jennifer Bartz from Monti Sinai School of Medicine, New York found that it improves people’s ability to emotions, but only if they are not very socially adept to begin with." 21 animals earliest findings, involving Paragraph A, lines 2-3 "It was through various studies focusing on animals that scientists first became aware of the influence of oxytocin." 22 childbirth discovered, humans produce oxytocin, during Paragraph A, lines 5-6 "It is also released by women in childbirth, strengthening the attachment between mother and baby." 23 placebo 2005, participants, oxytocin or Paragraph B, lines 4-6 "The team found that participants who had sniffed oxytocin via a nasal spray beforehand invested more money than those who received a placebo instead." 24 game study, University of Haifa, participants took part, negative emotions Paragraph C, lines 2-4 "found that when volunteers played a competitive game, those who inhaled the hormone showed more pleasure when they beat other players and felt more envy when others won." 25 strangers University of Antwerp, lack of willingness Paragraph D, lines 2-4 "Studies conducted by Carolyn Declerck of the University of Antwerp, Belgium, revealed that people who had received a dose of oxytocin actually became less cooperative when dealing with complete strangers."          READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 .   Making the most of trends Question Number Answer Keywords Location in Passage Associated Text 27 D first paragraph, most managers Paragraph 1, Lines 3-4 "that managers often fail to recognise the less obvious but profound ways these trends are influencing consumers’ aspirations, attitudes and behaviors." 28 C third paragraph, Coach, anxious Paragraph 3, Lines 6-7 "that would have risked cheapening the brand’s image" 29 A Tesco’s Greener Living Programme Paragraph 4, Lines 7-9 "Tesco has not abandoned its traditional retail offerings but augmented its business with these innovations, thereby infusing its value proposition with a green streak." 30 D Nike’s strategy Paragraph 5, Lines 4-5 "spending resources to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings sounds like it’s hardly worthwhile." 31 D original about ME2 Paragraph 6, Lines 4-7 "By reaffirming the toy category’s association with physical play, the ME2 counteracted some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital gaming devices." 32 D could have harmful effects, own advantage Paragraph 6, Lines 4-6 "By reaffirming the toy category’s association with physical play, the ME2 counteracted some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital gaming devices." 33 C collaborating with another manufacturer Paragraph 5, Lines 6-7 "In 2006, they teamed up with the technological company Apple to launch Nike+." 34 B incentive scheme, demonstrate corporate social responsibility Paragraph 4, Lines 5-7 "Tesco customers can accumulate points for such activities as reusing bags, recycling, cans and printer cartridges, and buying home-insulation materials. Like points earned on regular purchases, these green points can be redeemed for cash." 35 A customers, positive attitude, difficult circumstances Paragraph 3, Lines 7-8 "project which revealed that customers were eager to lift themselves and the country out of rough times." 36 C growing lifestyle trend, unrelated product sector Paragraph 5, Lines 4-5 "spending resources to incorporate elements of a seriously irrelevant trend into one’s core offerings." 37 A change customers less for its core products Paragraph 3, Lines 10-11 "Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avert an across-the-board product." 38 B trend-related changes, impacting, category Paragraph 7, Lines 1-2 "Once you have gained perspective on how trend-related changes in consumer opinions and behaviors impact on your category, you can determine which of our three innovation strategies to pursue."   Question Number Answer Keywords Location in Passage Associated Text 39 C current trend, highlights, negative aspect, category Paragraph 7, Last few lines "...if aspects of the category clash with undesired outcomes of a trend, such as associates with unhealthy lifestyles, there is an opportunity to counteract these changes by reaffirming the core values of your category." 40 D customers’ new focus, increasing lack of connection Paragraph 7, Lines 5-6 "If analysis reveals an increasing disparity between your category and consumers’ new focus, your innovations need to transcend the category to integrate the two worlds."

THE BEST SUITCASES Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 B wish to purchase, expensive luggage Line 1, Paragraph B “. … . .. this bag from the renowned fashion house is a truly indulgent buy. . . .. .” Here, a truly indulgent buy  = luxurious or expensive. 2 F like to follow, latest fashion Last line, Paragraph F “. … . .. stylish, and up to date as they come.” Here, stylish, and up to date  = the latest fashion. 3 D match most clothing Lines 2-3, Paragraph D “. … . .. They also come in a huge range of cheerful colours that should go with anything you choose to put on, .. . .. . .” Here, should go with anything you choose to put on  = match most clothing. 4 E manufacturer, confident, last a long time Lines 2-3, Paragraph E “. … . .. the bag is guaranteed for 30 years. .. .. ..” Here, guaranteed for 30 years  = confident that this suitcase will last a long time. 5 A items, will not be affected, if it gets wet Line 2, Paragraph A “. … . .. The strong nylon outer fabric is water and abrasion resistant, .. . . .. .” Here, water .. . .. . resistant  = will not be affected if it gets wet. 6 E useful, medium size Lines 1-2, Paragraph E “For those who want something in between an annual holiday suitcase and a weekend bag, this is a fantastic compromise. . .. ..” Here, in between an annual holiday suitcase and a weekend bag  = useful, medium size. 7 G want to be reminded, earlier age of travel Lines 1-2, Paragraph G “Travel in style with this beautiful suitcase that goes back to the days when trains ran on steam and air travel was leisurely. .. .. ..” Here, goes back to the days when trains ran on steam and air travel was leisurely  = reminded of an earlier age of travel. THE OXFORD SCHOOL OF DRAMA Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 FALSE can begin, one-year course, without, any previous involvement, acting First paragraph “This is an intensive course which is designed for those who have completed their academic studies and have some theatre or film experience already. .. .” Here, have some theatre or film experience already  = previous involvement in acting is a requirement. 9 TRUE will act, performance, in front of, classmates, end of, first term ‘Term One’ section, final lines “. .. . The term finishes with an internal production given for tutors and students.” Here, an internal production given for tutors and students  = students will act in a performance in front of their classmates and teachers. 10 NOT GIVEN family members, may attend, performance, second term ‘Term Two’ section No mention of family members attending a performance in this section. 11 FALSE required, make a film, on their own, last term ‘Term Three’ section, final lines “. . .. . .. and the chance to act a short film recorded on location by a professional crew.” Here, recorded . . . . by a professional crew  = students DO NOT HAVE TO make a film on their own. 12 TRUE first audition, candidates, perform speeches, have worked on, in advance ‘How to Apply’ section, third paragraph, lines 1-2 “For your initial audition, you will need to prepare two contrasting speeches from plays, . . . .” Here, will need to prepare  = have worked on in advance. 13 NOT GIVEN The Oxford School of Drama, will send, candidates, details, local accommodation - No information regarding local accommodation is found. 14 FALSE overseas candidates, can do, all their auditions, via, digital link ‘How to Apply’ section, final paragraph “If you are applying from overseas, you will be able to submit your first audition by means of DVD, YouTube or link to a secure website. You will be invited to submit this once we have received your application form and audition fee. If you are successful in your first audition, you will be invited to attend future auditions here at the school. . . ..” Here, If you are successful in your first audition, you will be invited to attend future auditions here at the school  means that overseas candidates CANNOT do ALL their auditions via a digital link; they have to come to the school for future auditions. BORDER CROSSING FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 shipment before setting off, speed up, PAPS, send, details, current vehicle inspection documents Paragraph 2 “Your first point of contact at the border consists of Primary Inspection. The best way to clear customs at Primary Inspection is to make sure Customs gets information about your shipment before you set off, using the Pre-Arrival Processing System (PAPS). When using this you need to provide information about your shipment, and you also need to send proof of a current annual inspection for your vehicle, tractor and trailer.” Here, Customs gets information about  = send your shipment  details. 16 photo ID before arriving at the border, check, documents, birth certificate/passport, ready for inspection Paragraph 3, lines 1-3 “Before you arrive at the border, make sure you have all your paperwork up to date and ready to present at Primary Inspection. You’ll need a photo ID in addition to your birth certificate or passport. .. … .” Here, Before you arrive at the border  = Before arriving at the border, make sure  = check, all your paperwork  = documents. 17 (cab) lights before arriving at the border, make sure, on, inside the vehicle Paragraph 3, line 3 “Drivers must also turn on interior cab lights . . ..” Here, Drivers must  = make sure, interior  = inside. 18 sleeper areas before arriving at the border, check, in the vehicle, can be easily seen Paragraph 3, lines 3-4 “. .. . open all interior drapes or blinds to sleeper areas for easy inspection..” Here, open all interior drapes or blinds  = check that sleeper areas  can be easily seen. 19 immigration Primary Inspection, Non US/Canadian citizens, must have, visa, go, area, complete, I-94 card Paragraph 4, lines 4-7 “Drivers who clear customs at Primary Inspection will be instructed to report to immigration to fill out the I-94 card and receive verbal clearance from a US official to proceed into the United States.” Here, report to immigration  = go to the immigration  area. 20 charge Primary Inspection, Non US/Canadian citizens, must have, visa, go, area, complete, I-94 card, small, receive verbal clearance Paragraph 4, line 7 “The charge for the I-94 card is $6.” Here, $6  = small charge . Appendix: Dealing with absence in the workplace Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 chair Employees’ rights, help, issues related to disabilities, provision, suitable Paragraph 2, lines 1-5 “The organisation should be aware of the rights of employees … the employer should consider what reasonable adjustments could be made in the workplace … This might be something as simple as supplying an appropriate chair for the use of the employee.” Supplying  = provision , appropriate  = suitable . 22 allergy Employees’ rights, provision of arrangements, deal with, any work-related Paragraph 2, lines 6-7 “… In cases where an employee suffers from an allergy caused by something in the workplace, the employer should consider remedial action or a transfer to alternative work.” Caused by something in the workplace  = work-related , remedial action or a transfer  = provision of arrangements . 23 dependants Employees’ rights, time off, deal with, short-term problems Paragraph 3, line 1 “If the absence is because of temporary difficulties relating to dependants, the employee may be entitled to have time off …” Temporary difficulties  = short-term problems , time off work  = absence . 24 flexible Employees’ rights, possibility of arrangements, help with, domestic responsibilities Paragraph 3, lines 3-6 “In cases where the employee has difficulty managing both work and home responsibilities, employees have the right to request flexible ways of working …” Home responsibilities  = domestic responsibilities , right to request  = possibility of arrangements . 25 dismissal Recommendations to employers, make it clear, absence, possible reason Final paragraph, lines 2-5 “… it is very important that persistent absence is dealt with firmly and consistently … absence … may result in dismissal.” Make it clear that absence is a possible reason  = absence … may result in dismissal . 26 doctor Recommendations to employers, ask employees, consent, before contacting Final paragraph, lines 7-9 “If the employer wishes to contact the employee’s doctor … they must secure the employee’s consent in writing.” Must secure the employee’s consent  = ask employees for consent . 27 stress Recommendations to employers, identify, employees, affected by, provide support Final paragraph, last few lines “… measures to help employees … who may be suffering from stress. The aim should be to identify employees affected and encourage them to seek help …” Suffering from  = affected by , seek help  = provide support . A visit to Oymyakon, the world’s coldest town Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 28 ix (Better than its reputation) Reputation, better than its reputation Paragraph A, last few lines "Siberia isn’t known for its pleasant appearance. It’s always billed as a place of hardship. But for hour after hour, the wintry wonderland was bathed in a crisp, clean sunshine, presenting a continuous panorama of conifer trees wreathed in silence and snow." 29 iv (A contrast in the landscape) Hot spring, contrast, landscape Paragraph B, lines 3-5 "Down in a valley, we stopped to look at a hot spring beside the road. It was immediately obvious against the snow – a spot shrouded in heavy mist." 30 ii (The effects of going outside) Going outside, dangerous effects Paragraph C, first half "Its reputation for hardship hit me every time I climbed out of the vehicle. Within less than a minute, the skin all over my face began to feel as if it were burning." 31 iii (Oymyakon past and present) Present, past, seasonal settlement Paragraph D, full paragraph "Oymyakon is a quiet little town – the world’s coldest – of about 550 inhabitants, with its own power station, a school, two shops and a small hospital. It probably originated as a seasonal settlement." 32 vi (How Oymyakon is affected by its location) Extreme weather, location effects Paragraph E, full paragraph "A number of factors combine to explain Oymyakon’s record low temperatures. It is far from the ocean... The town sits in a valley, enclosed on all sides by mountains." 33 x (Very few facilities in buildings) Few facilities, buildings Paragraph F, line 2 "There are hardly any modern household conveniences." 34 vii (Keeping out the cold) Keeping warm, staying warm Paragraph G, multiple lines "The power station provides winter heating... Many houses rely on their own wood-burning stove. Everybody in Oymyakon owns good boots, a hat made of animal fur and fur-lined mittens." 35 i (Various sources of supplies) Sources of supplies, food sources Paragraph H, first few lines "Oymyakon’s two shops keep a decent stock of basic foods in tins and packets, but locals also have do-it-yourself options, including hunting, trapping, ice-fishing, reindeer-breeding and horse-breeding." 36 viii (Not the only challenging time of the year) Summer, challenges, not only winter Paragraph I, full paragraph "In the summer Oymyakon can be uncomfortably hot. Much of the forest becomes boggy, so mosquitoes are a constant presence." 37 Ocean Long way from, prevent temperature from falling Paragraph E, lines 2-3 "It is far from the ocean, with its moderating effect on air temperature." 38 Valley Located in, within a plateau Paragraph E, lines 3-5 "The town sits in a valley, below the general level of the Oymyakon Plateau." 39 Mountains Surrounded by, plateau Paragraph E, lines 3-5 "Which, in turn, is enclosed on all sides by mountains up to 2,000 metres in height." 40 Wind Not much, cold air collects Paragraph E, lines 5-6 "As the cold air sinks, it accumulates in the valley, with little wind to disturb it."

Five reviews of the Wellington Hotel Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1 C view, bedroom window, swimmers, surfers, sea Review C, Line 4 "It was a pleasure to sit in it with a cup of tea, and look out at the swimmers and surfers in the sea." 2 A receptionists, welcoming, feel at home Review A, Lines 2-3 "When we arrive and check in, we’re always treated like old friends by the staff, so we very much feel at home." 3 B pleased, comfortable, spacious Review B, Line 3 "Our room was very comfortable and quite spacious." 4 E confusion, booking, online, deposit, call hotel Review E, Lines 2-3 "The only difficulty we had was making our reservation online – it wasn’t clear whether payment for our deposit went through or not, and I had to call the hotel to find out." 5 D impressed, wide choice, breakfast, food Review D, Lines 3-4 "Breakfast was a highlight – there was so much on offer we could hardly decide what to eat." 6 A staying regularly, every year, return Review A, Line 1 "My husband and I first stayed at the Wellington a few years ago, and we’ve returned every year since then." 7 B inconvenient, crowded, waiting for table, no space Review B, Lines 4-5 "We can strongly recommend the breakfast, though we had to wait for a table as the hotel was so full. That was a bit annoying, and there was also nowhere to sit in the lounge." Come and play walking football or walking netball Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 8 False TV commercial, club, featured, well-known Paragraph 2, Lines 2-3 "It was a 2014 TV commercial for a bank... that brought it to people’s attention." The statement mentions a club in a TV programme, but the passage says it was a bank commercial that made it popular. 9 False majority, walking netball, men Paragraph 2, Line 5 "At the moment the netball teams consist only of women." This contradicts the statement that most players are men. 10 Not Given clubs, social activities, members — There is no mention in the passage of clubs arranging social activities. 11 Not Given tested, regularly, fitness — There is information about fitness benefits, but nothing about regular testing. 12 True never played football, encouraged, walking football Paragraph 4, Line 2 "Though people who have never played the standard game before are also very welcome." This confirms that new players are encouraged. 13 True take part, whenever, wish Paragraph 5, Line 4 "You don’t have to come regularly or at the same time each week." This shows flexibility in participation. 14 True intends, start clubs, future Paragraph 5, Last Line "Our aim is to set up netball and football clubs as soon as there are enough regular players." This confirms their future plan. Dress regulations at work Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 15 Clarification unsure, company, wishes, wear, request Paragraph 1, Line 3 "You should ask your employer for clarification." This directly answers the question. 16 Discount companies, offer, employees, buy, items Paragraph 1, Line 5 "Many employers that have a strict dress code choose to provide clothing or a discount on clothing." This confirms that some companies offer discounts. 17 Disciplinary fail, wear, protective clothing, subject to Paragraph 2, Line 2 "If you don’t, your employer is entitled to take disciplinary action." This matches the idea of being "subject to disciplinary procedures." 18 Pain ought not to be in, protective clothing, equipment Paragraph 3, Line 1 "It shouldn’t cause you pain." This confirms that protective clothing must not cause discomfort. 19 Storage company, responsibility, suitable place Paragraph 4, Line 1 "The employer is also required to provide an appropriate storage space." This confirms the responsibility of the employer to provide storage. 20 Machinery employees, remove jewellery, avoid, injuries Paragraph 5, Line 2 "Loose jewellery may constitute a snagging hazard if you operate machinery." This confirms that jewellery may need to be removed when working with machinery. How to achieve a better work—life balance Question No. Answer Keywords Location Explanation 21 List complete, not helpful, reduce involvement Paragraph 2, Line 2 "Draw up a list with all the activities that don’t enhance your life or career." This confirms that making a list helps identify unhelpful activities. 22 Tool refuse, requests, useful Paragraph 3, Line 2 "Learn to use ‘no’ judiciously and it will become a powerful tool in balancing work and family." This confirms that saying no is a tool for balance. 23 Energy regular exercise, increase Paragraph 4, Line 2 "Exercise really boosts energy and improves your ability to concentrate." This confirms that exercise significantly increases energy. 24 Electronics insufficient sleep, avoid focusing Paragraph 5, Line 2 "Exposure to electronics can significantly negatively impact your sleep." This confirms that electronics should be avoided before bedtime. 25 Needs other people, more important, suffer Paragraph 6, Line 2 "Constantly putting off that downtime and putting everyone’s needs before yours will wear you down." This confirms that prioritizing others’ needs can cause suffering. 26 Permission working day, too long, shorten Paragraph 7, Line 2 "If that means asking your boss for permission to leave a few minutes early..." This confirms that employees need permission to shorten their workday. 27 Limitations people, learn, recognise Paragraph 8, Line 2 "Know your limitations and what works best for you." This confirms that recognizing limitations is essential for balance. San Francisco’s Golden Gale Bridge Questions 28-35 (Matching Sections to Information) Question Answer Keywords Location in Text Explanation 28 E easy to recruit workers, people looking for jobs Paragraph E, Line 2 "The crew consisted of virtually anyone capable of withstanding the physical rigours of the job, as out-of-work cab drivers, farmers and clerks lined up for the chance to earn steady wages." 29 C change in design Paragraph C, Line 1 "Strauss’s team scrapped their original plans in favour of a suspension span capable of moving more than two feet to each side." 30 B opposition, legal actions, objections Paragraph B, Line 3 "Despite the economic benefits promised by its supporters, the project met fierce resistance from a number of businesses – particularly ferry companies – and civic leaders." 31 A reason for the bridge, why it was needed Paragraph A, Line 4 "With population centres growing fast, there was severe traffic congestion at the ferry docks, and motor vehicle travel by ferry was fast exceeding capacity." 32 D financial difficulties, funding problems Paragraph D, Line 4 "However, the District struggled to find a financial backer amid the difficulties of the Great Depression." 33 B permit, approval Paragraph B, Line 2 "In 1924, San Francisco and Marin counties applied for a permit to build a bridge, and after hearing overwhelming arguments in favour of the project, the Secretary of War agreed." 34 G records, achievements Paragraph G, Line 1 "Its main span was the longest in the world for a suspension bridge until 1981, while its towers made it the tallest bridge of any type until 1993." 35 A doubts about building a bridge Paragraph A, Line 3 "Most doubted whether a bridge could be built at all." Questions 36-40 (Sentence Completion – One Word Only) Question Answer Keywords Location in Text Explanation 36 Permit required, issued by the Secretary of War Paragraph B, Line 2 "San Francisco and Marin counties applied for a permit to build a bridge, and... the Secretary of War agreed." 37 Earthquake objection, would destroy bridge Paragraph B, Line 3 "Not only would the bridge be an obstacle to shipping and spoil the bay’s natural beauty, they argued, it wouldn’t survive the sort of earthquake that had devastated the city in 1906." 38 Storm delay, framework damaged Paragraph E, Line 4 "The framework was damaged when it was struck by a ship in August 1933 and again during a powerful storm later in the year, setting construction back five months." 39 Roadway last part to be constructed Paragraph F, Line 2 "The roadway was completed in April 1937." 40 Pedestrians first users of the bridge Paragraph F, Line 3 "The bridge officially opened to pedestrians the following month."

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1.   The Lumiere Brothers and Cinematographs Question No. Answer Keywords Location Text 1 A location, first cinema Paragraph A, line 1-2 "The Lumière Brothers opened their Cinematographe, at 14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris, to 100 paying customers over 100 years ago, on December 8, 1985." 2 I cinema, focus on stories Paragraph I, line 5-8 "But what happened was that it became, overwhelmingly, a medium for telling stories." 3 J speed, cinema, changed Paragraph J, line 2-6 "And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is a mere 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, convinced by the dangerous reality of what they saw." 4 E cinema, teaches, other cultures Paragraph E, line 1-6 "One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. For cinema makes the world smaller." 5 G attraction, actors, films Paragraph G, line 2-3 "Film personalities have such an immediate presence that, inevitably, they become super-real." 6 YES first audiences, reacted Paragraph B, line 4-9 " . .. . For to understand the initial shock of those images is to understand the extraordinary power and magic of cinema." 7 NOT GIVEN Lumiere Brothers' film, train No relevant information No information in the passage supports or contradicts the statement. 8 NOT GIVEN cinema, presents, biased view No relevant information No information in the passage supports or contradicts the statement. 9 NO storylines, important Paragraph D, line 5-7 "All that mattered at first was the wonder of movement." 10 B film of train, to demonstrate Paragraph C, line 7-9 "That was the moment when cinema was born. The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture." 11 C Tarkovsky's opinion, attraction of cinema Paragraph D, line 7-9 "For Tarkovsky, the key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events." 12 D when cinema first began, people thought Paragraph H, last 4 lines "Indeed, some said that, once this novelty had worn off, cinema would fade away." 13 D best title No specific location in text The best title for the passage is "The power of the big screen."   READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14–26 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 . Motivating Employee Under Adverse Condition Question no. Answer Keywords Location Text and Explanation 14 vii (Establish targets and give feedback) all employees have specific goals, receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals Key Point Two, first lines "The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals." 15 iii (Ensure targets are realistic) if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort Key Point Three, lines 1-4 "Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management’s perceptions of the employee’s ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals." 16 ii (Match rewards to individuals) personalise the rewards over which they have control Key Point Four, lines 1-3 "Since employees have different needs, what acts as a reinforcement for one may not for another. Managers could use their knowledge of each employee to personalise the rewards over which they have control." 17 iv (Link rewards to achievement) Managers need to make rewards contingent on performance Key Point Five, first sentence "Managers need to make rewards contingent on performance." 18 i (Ensure the reward system is fair) The way rewards are distributed should be transparent Key Point Six, first lines "The way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewards or outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given." 19 NO shrinking organisation, tends to lose, less skilled employees, than, more skilled employees The Challenge, first paragraph "When an organization is shrinking, the best and most mobile workers are prone to leave voluntarily. ...they are the ones....with the highest skills and experience." 20 NOT GIVEN easier to manage, small business, than, large business Key Point One No comparison on managing small and large businesses mentioned. 21 NO high achievers, well suited, team work Key Point One, lines 7-8 "High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goals and where there is independence and feedback." 22 YES some employees, can feel, manipulated, asked to participate, goal-setting Key Point Two, last few lines "If participation and the culture are incongruous, employees are likely to perceive the participation process as manipulative and be negatively affected by it." 23 NOT GIVEN staff appraisal process, should be, designed, by employees Key Point Three No mention of whether the process should be designed by employees or managers. 24 YES employees' earnings, should be disclosed, to everyone, within, organisation Key Point Five, lines 5-6 "Eliminating the secrecy surrounding pay by openly communicating everyone’s remuneration, publicising performance bonuses and allocating annual salary increases in a lump sum ... make rewards more visible and potentially more motivating." 25 B (They have less need of external goals.) high achievers Key Point One, Key Point Two "For those with high achievement needs, typically a minority in any organisation, the existence of external goals is less important because high achievers are already internally motivated." 26 C (They think that the quality of their work is important.) clerical workers Key Point Six, lines 7-8 "The clerical workers considered factors such as quality of work performed and job knowledge near the top of their list." 27 A (They judge promotion to be important.) production workers Key Point Six, line 13 "For example, production workers rated advancement very highly." Here, advancement = promotion, very highly = important. So, the answer is: A (They judge promotion to be important.)   READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 . The search for anti-aging pill   Question No. Answer Keywords Location in Passage Text Associated with Answer and Explanation 28 NO studies show, drugs available today, delay, process, growing old 1st paragraph, lines 1-3 "As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging..." 29 YES scientific evidence, eating fewer calories, may extend, human life 1st paragraph, lines 3-5 "But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie* yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health." 30 YES not many people, likely, find, caloric-restricted diet, attractive 2nd paragraph, lines 2-3 "...Few mortals could stick to that harsh a regimen, especially for years on end..." 31 NOT GIVEN diet-related diseases, common, older people Not found No information regarding the commonality of diet-related diseases in older people. 32 YES experiments, rats, ate, what they wanted, led, shorter lives, than, low-calorie-diet 3rd paragraph, lines 1-2 "...they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age." 33 A monkeys, less likely, become diabetic 6th paragraph, lines 3-4 "The calorie-restricted animals...they have more normal blood glucose levels (pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by unusually high blood glucose levels)." 34 B monkeys, more, chronic disease 6th paragraph, lines 4-6 "it has recently been shown that rhesus monkeys kept on caloric-restricted diets for an extended time (nearly 15 years) have less chronic disease." 35 C monkeys, shown to experience, longer, than average life span 7th paragraph, lines 6-8 "They and the other monkeys must be followed still longer, however, to know whether low-calorie intake can increase both average and maximum life spans in monkeys." 36 A monkeys, enjoyed, reduced chance, heart disease 6th paragraph, lines 1-2 "The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases. For example, they have lower blood pressure and triglyceride levels (signifying a decreased likelihood of heart disease)." 37 B monkeys, produced, greater quantities, insulin 5th paragraph, lines 1-2 "calorie-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin." 38 glucose CR mimetic, less, processed 6th paragraph, lines 2-3 "...calorie restriction minimizes the amount of glucose entering cells and decreases ATP generation." 39 free radicals production of ATP, decreased, Theory 1, cells, damaged, disease, fewer, emitted 6th paragraph, lines 7-9 "One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery’s emission of free radicals, which are thought to contribute to aging and to such age-related diseases as cancer by damaging cells." 40 preservation production of ATP, decreased, Theory 2, cells, focus on, food, short supply 6th paragraph, lines 9-11 "Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce (even if it isn’t) and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasizes preservation of the organism

READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1. Absenteeism in Nursing: A longitudinal Study Answer Keywords Location Explanation 1. NO    Prince William Hospital, reduce absenteeism P 1, line 5 The study reported here was conducted in the ………… taken to measure, understand or manage the occurrence of absenteeism. ·         understand or manage the occurrence of absenteeism but not reduce 2. NO    benefits, sick leave P 2 line 1 A prevalent attitude amongst many nurses in the group selected for study was that there was no reward or recognition for not utilising the paid sick leave entitlement allowed them in their employment conditions. ·         no reward or recognition for not utilising the paid sick leave=  no benefits 3. NO    just over half, shift work P 3 line 5 67 per cent of nurses felt that administration was not sympathetic to the problems shift work causes to employees’ personal and social lives. ·         administration was not sympathetic to the problems= didn’t understand the problem   4. YES illness in family, work home P 4 line 6 Other causes, in decreasing order of frequency, were illness in family, family social function, work to do at home and bereavement. 5. NOT GIVEN          6. NO    250 nurses P 5 line 1 In an attempt to reduce the level of absenteeism amongst the 250 Registered an Enrolled Nurses in the present study, the Prince William management introduced three different, yet potentially complementary, strategies over 18 months. ·         Not to find cause but to reduce it. 7. YES    Prince william, changes, management P 5 line 1 In an attempt to reduce the level of absenteeism amongst the 250 Registered an Enrolled Nurses in the present study,  the Prince William management introduced three different, yet potentially complementary, strategies  over 18 months. 8. (local) businesses    First strategy Strategy 1 However, it was possible to secure incentives from  local businesses,  including free passes to entertainment parks, theatres, restaurants, etc. 9.(work/working) schedule/ restoring/ roster(s)    second strategy Strategy 2 Where possible, staff were given the opportunity to determine their  working schedule  within the limits of clinical needs. 10. excessive    Third strategy Strategy 3 Each month, managers would analyse the pattern of absence of staff with  excessive  sick leave (greater than ten days per year for full-time employees). 11. voluntary absence / absenteeism    Third strategy Strategy 3 Characteristic patterns of potential  ‘voluntary absenteeism‘  such as absence before and after days off, excessive weekend and night duty absence and multiple single days off were communicated to all ward nurses and then, as necessary, followed up by action. 12. twenty /  20    Initially, decrease Results This represents a  20 percent  improvement. ·         20 percent improvement= absenteeism decreased by 20% 13. communication staff, better, second and third Discussion, paragraph 2 line This led to significant improvements in  communication  between managers and staff. ·         improvements = better     READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–26 , which are based on Reading Passage 2 . The Motor Car Answer Keywords Location Explanation 14. C   P C, line 1&9 Until a hundred years ago, ……………… Today about 90%…. 15. F hbits, contribute, problem P F, line 3 But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. 16. E merits, cars P E, line 9 Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. 17. H future solutions P H, line 12 Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable – and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions…… 18. A motor vehicles P A line 1 There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world – and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. 19. D impact, car, city P D, line 3 Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. 20. NOTGIVEN       21. NO horse, vehicles P C Today about 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. ·         we cannot go back to horse because most of the freight is carried by vehicles 22. NOTGIVEN       23. YES European cities P D, line 1 In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. ·         they are designed to traditional vehicles and car is modern one 24. YES Technology, solve, pollution P F, line 9 Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. 25. YES car, attitude, driving P F, line 7 Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. ·         driving aggressively= attitude 26. NO redesigning, cities P G, One solution that has been put forward is the  long-term solution of designing cities  and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary – all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. ·         redesigning is not short-term solution READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27–40 , which are based on Reading Passage 3 . The Keyless Society Answer Keyword Location  Explanation 27 IV P B Already, more than 10,000 facilities, from prisons to day-care centers, monitor people’s fingerprints or other physical parts to ensure that they are who they claim to be ·         whole paragraph talks bout the number(figure) of bio-metrics 28 vii P C, When an authorized user wishes to enter or use the facility, the system scans the person’s corresponding characteristics and attempts to match them against those on record. ·         explains the way of it operates 29 Vlll P D, Sixteen American states now use bio metric  fingerprint  verification systems to  check  that people claiming welfare payments are genuine. ·         verification systems to  check= fighting fraud 30 III P E To date, the most widely used commercial biometric system is the  handkey , a type of  hand scanner  which reads the unique shape, size and irregularities of people’s hands. ·         the most widely used commercial= best selling 31 ii P F, When we started four years ago, I had to explain to everyone what a biometric is, ‘says one marketing expert. Now, there’s much more awareness out there. ·         planning of experts 32 i P G, Not surprisingly, biometrics raise thorny questions about privacy and the potential for abuse. ·         thorny questions= objections 33 x P H In an increasingly crowded and complicated world, biometrics may well be a technology whose time has  come .   ·         whose time has  come  = inevitable 34 B P E, L 3 Originally developed for nuclear powerplants, the  handkey  received its  big  break when it was used to control access to the Olympic Village in Atlanta by more than 65,000 athletes, trainers and support staff. ·         trainers= sports students 35 B P E, L 3 Originally developed for nuclear powerplants, the  handkey  received its  big  break when it was used to control access to the Olympic Village in Atlanta by more than 65,000  athletes,  trainers and support staff. 36 E P F, L 1 Around the world, the market is growing rapidly. Malaysia, for example, is preparing to equip all of its airports with biometric  face scanners  to match  passengers  with luggage. 37 A Sixteen American states now use bio metric  fingerprint  verification systems to check that people  claiming welfare  payments are genuine. 38 B P F, L5 The first commercial biometric, a  hand reader  used by an American firm to monitor  employee  attendance, was introduced in 1974. 39 D P A, L 3 In some California  housing estates , a key alone is insufficient to  get  someone in the door; his or her  voice print  must also be verified. 40 E   P A, L 5 And soon, customers at some Japanese  banks  will  have  to  present  their  faces for scanning  before they can enter the building and withdraw their money.