DEGREE OF COMPARISON Part 1: Primary Discussion Degree of Comparison বাক্যে দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী এবং বস্তুর মধ্যে দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা ইত্যাদি তুলনা করতে adjective এর যে রূপভেদ বা পরিবর্তন হয় তাকে Degree of Comparison  বলে। Adjective এর তিনটি Degree বা মাত্রা রয়েছে। Positive Degree:  যখন কোনো তুলনা করা হয় না, কেবল সাধারণ গুণ বোঝায়। Ex:  He is a tall  boy. Comparative Degree:  যখন দুইয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা করা হয়। Ex:  He is taller  than his brother. Superlative Degree:  যখন অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা করে শ্রেষ্ঠত্ব বা নিকৃষ্টত্ব বোঝানো হয়। Ex:  He is the tallest  boy in the class. Part 2: Formation of Degrees Rule 1:  এক Syllable বিশিষ্ট Adjective এর শেষে -er  যোগ করে Comparative এবং -est  যোগ করে Superlative করা হয়। Positive Comparative Superlative Tall Taller Tallest Small Smaller Smallest Great Greater Greatest Bold Bolder Boldest Young Younger Youngest Rule 2:  Adjective এর শেষে -e  থাকলে শুধু -r  এবং -st  যোগ করতে হয়। Positive Comparative Superlative Large Larger Largest Fine Finer Finest Brave Braver Bravest Wise Wiser Wisest Rule 3:  Adjective এর শেষে একটি Consonant এবং তার আগে একটি Vowel থাকলে, শেষের Consonant টি দ্বিগুণ ( Doubled ) হয়, তারপর -er  এবং -est  যোগ হয়। Positive Comparative Superlative Big Bigger Biggest Hot Hotter Hottest Fat Fatter Fattest Sad Sadder Saddest Rule 4:  Adjective এর শেষে -y  এবং তার আগে Consonant থাকলে, y  এর পরিবর্তে i  হয় এবং তারপর -er  ও -est  যোগ হয়। (তবে y এর আগে Vowel থাকলে y পরিবর্তন হয় না, যেমন: Grey > Greyer > Greyest)। Positive Comparative Superlative Happy Happier Happiest Heavy Heavier Heaviest Easy Easier Easiest Busy Busier Busiest Rule 5:  দুই বা ততোধিক Syllable বিশিষ্ট Adjective এর পূর্বে more  যোগ করে Comparative এবং most  যোগ করে Superlative করা হয়। Positive Comparative Superlative Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful Useful More useful Most useful Intelligent More intelligent Most intelligent Interesting More interesting Most interesting Rule 6:  কিছু Adjective এর তুলনা অনিয়মিত ( Irregular ) ভাবে হয়। Positive Comparative Superlative Good / Well Better Best Bad / Ill / Evil Worse Worst Much / Many More Most Little Less Least Far Farther / Further Farthest / Furthest Old Older / Elder Oldest / Eldest Part 3: Structure & Transformation Rules 1. Positive Degree Structure Structure 1:  No other + noun (singular) + verb + as/so + adj (positive) + as + subject. Ex:  No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka. Structure 2:  Very few + noun (plural) + verb (plural) + as + adj (positive) + as + subject. Ex:  Very few metals are as useful as iron. Structure 3:  Subject + verb + as + adj + as + noun/pronoun. Ex:  He is as strong as a lion. 2. Comparative Degree Structure Structure 1:  Subject + verb + adj (comparative) + than any other + noun (singular). Ex:  Dhaka is bigger than any other city in Bangladesh. Structure 2:  Subject + verb + adj (comparative) + than most other / than all other + noun (plural). Ex:  Iron is more useful than most other metals. Structure 3:  Subject + verb + adj (comparative) + than + noun/pronoun. Ex:  He is stronger than I. 3. Superlative Degree Structure Structure 1:  Subject + verb + the + adj (superlative) + noun + (of/in...). Ex:  Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh. Structure 2:  Subject + verb + one of the + adj (superlative) + noun (plural). Ex:  Iron is one of the most useful metals. Important Rules regarding Degree Change Rule 1: No other / Than any other / The + Superlative Sup:  He is the best boy in the class. Comp:  He is better than any other boy in the class. Pos:  No other boy in the class is as good as he. Rule 2: One of the / Than most other / Very few Sup:  Gold is one of the most precious metals. Comp:  Gold is more precious than most other metals. Pos:  Very few metals are as precious as gold. Rule 3: Only two items (Comparative <-> Positive) দুইজন ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা হলে Superlative হয় না, শুধু Positive ও Comparative এর পরিবর্তন হয়। যদি Positive বাক্যটি Affirmative হয়, তবে Comparative টি Negative হবে এবং vice-versa। Pos:  Rahim is as wise as Karim. Comp:  Karim is not wiser than Rahim. Pos:  He is not as strong as I. Comp:  I am stronger than he. Rule 4: Double Comparatives (যত... তত...) Structure:  The + comparative ..., the + comparative ... Ex:  The more you read, the more you learn. Ex:  The sooner, the better. Rule 5: Latin Comparatives Senior, Junior, Superior, Inferior, Prior, Ulterior, Posterior ইত্যাদি শব্দের পর 'than' না বসে 'to'  বসে। Ex:  He is senior to  me. (Not 'than me') Ex:  This cloth is superior to  that. Rule 6: Logical Comparison তুলনা সবসময় সমজাতীয় জিনিসের মধ্যে হতে হবে। যদি তুলনাটি ভুল হয় (Illogical), তবে 'that of'  (singular এর জন্য) বা 'those of'  (plural এর জন্য) ব্যবহার করে তা ঠিক করতে হয়। Incorrect:  The rice of Barishal is better than Dhaka. (চাল এর সাথে ঢাকার তুলনা হয় না) Correct:  The rice of Barishal is better than that of  Dhaka. (ঢাকার চালের সাথে তুলনা) Incorrect:  The streets of Dhaka are wider than Khulna. Correct:  The streets of Dhaka are wider than those of  Khulna. Rule 7: Absolutes (No Comparison) কিছু Adjective আছে যেগুলোর অর্থই চরম বা চূড়ান্ত, তাই এদের Comparative বা Superlative হয় না। যেমন: Perfect, Unique, Supreme, Universal, Eternal, Round, Dead, Complete, Infinite, Ideal ইত্যাদি। Incorrect:  It is the most unique idea. Correct:  It is a unique  idea. Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. A comedy is _____ than an action movie.  [DU-B: 17-18] (A) more funny (B) funnier (C) most funny (D) funniest Ans: (B)Explanation:  Funny (y শেষে) এর comparative form হলো Funnier. 02. Which is the correct sentence?  [DU-7 College: 20-21] (A) The Nile is the longest river in Africa. (B) The Nile is longest river in Africa. (C) Nile is longest river in the Africa. (D) Nile is longest river in Africa. Ans: (A)Explanation:  নদীর নামের আগে 'The' এবং Superlative degree এর আগে 'the' বসে। 03. There is nothing _____ a glass of cold water on a hot sunny day.  [DU-A: 21-22] (A) as refreshed as (B) so refreshing that (C) more refreshing than (D) refreshing enough Ans: (C)Explanation:  তুলনামূলক অর্থে 'more refreshing than' সঠিক। 04. The more you read, _____ you learn.  [DU-D: 16-17] (A) the less (B) less (C) least (D) the least Ans: (A)  (অথবা context অনুযায়ী the more  হতে পারে, কিন্তু প্রশ্নে অপশন অনুযায়ী double comparative structure 'the + comparative' হবে।) [Note: Usually 'The more you read, the more you learn'. If option A is 'the less', it implies inverse relation which is grammatically correct structure but contextually pessimistic. Standard structure requires 'The + comparative'.] 05. It is the _____ city of the country.  [DU-D: 19-20] (A) most populous (B) more populous (C) most people (D) most population Ans: (A)Explanation:  Superlative degree 'the most populous'. JU Questions & Answers 01. _____ the matter gets, _____ he feels.  [JU-D: 24-25] (A) the easier, the better (B) to easier, in better (C) easier, better (D) None Ans: (A)Explanation:  Double comparative: The + comparative ..., the + comparative. 02. The superlative form of 'far' is _____.  [JU-C1: 23-24] (A) most far (B) more far (C) farther (D) farthest Ans: (D) RU Questions & Answers 01. _____ higher you climb, _____ colder it gets.  [RU-B: 23-24] (A) The, the (B) no article, no article (C) The, a (D) The, no article Ans: (A) 02. This dictionary costs _____ the other one.  [RU-B: 18-19] (A) twice more than (B) twice as much as (C) three times as much (D) twice as much Ans: (B)Explanation:  গুণিতক বা multiple number এর ক্ষেত্রে 'times + as much as' বসে। CU Questions & Answers 01. She wanted to have _____ of the two pieces of cake.  [CU-D: 24-25] (A) the smaller (B) smallest (C) the small (D) more small Ans: (A)Explanation:  দুইয়ের মধ্যে নির্বাচনের ক্ষেত্রে 'The + comparative + of' বসে। 02. Cuba is _____ sugar-growing countries in the world.  [CU-B: 23-24] (A) one of the larger (B) one of the largest (C) one of largest (D) large Ans: (B)Explanation:  'One of the' এর পর Superlative degree বসে। 03. My research report is much bigger _____ my friend.  [CU-B: 22-23] (A) than (B) then (C) than that (D) than that of Ans: (D)Explanation:  Logical comparison: Report এর সাথে Report এর তুলনা (that of). Part 5: SELF TEST 01. The clearer your thought is, the _____ your writing becomes. (A) good (B) worse (C) better (D) purer Ans: (C)  (Double comparative) 02. Which is the superlative degree of 'costly'? (A) costly (B) costliest (C) costlyest (D) most costly Ans: (B) 03. Of the two new teachers, one is experienced and _____. (A) the others are not (B) another is inexperienced (C) the other is not (D) other lacks experience Ans: (C) 04. Your answers are better than _____ of Mohan. (A) that (B) those (C) this (D) these Ans: (B)  ('Answers' plural, তাই 'those' হবে।) 05. He is _____ judge. (A) a most perfect (B) a perfect (C) absolutely a perfect (D) such a perfect Ans: (B)  (Perfect এর কোনো degree হয় না।) 06. Superlative form of the word 'Easy' is - (A) more easy (B) most easy (C) easiest (D) easier Ans: (C) 07. There were _____ guests than I expected. (A) less (B) lesser (C) fewer (D) few Ans: (C)  (Guests countable, তাই fewer) 08. Which is the correct sentence? (A) She is senior than me. (B) She is senior to me. (C) She is more senior to me. (D) She is senior from me. Ans: (B)  (Latin comparative 'senior' takes 'to') 09. Iron is _____ useful than any other metal. (A) most (B) more (C) very (D) much Ans: (B)  (Comparative degree) 10. Very few metals are _____ gold. (A) as precious as (B) precious than (C) so precious than (D) as precious than Ans: (A)  (Positive degree structure) Exercise 1. Rahim is one — superstitious (সুপারস্টিশাস-কুসংস্কারাচ্ছন্ন) people I know. [DU (B) 14-15] A. much B. very much C. of the more D. of the most Ans: D 2. Tahseen was one --------- [RU (Law) 05-06] Sara was one --------- [CU (C3) 12-13] Sumon was one --------- [কারিগরি শিক্ষা দপ্তরের অধীনে কারিগরি জুনিয়র ইনস্ট্রাক্টর-০৫] A. of the happy childs of his class B. child who was the happiest of all the classes C. of the happiest child of the class D. of the happiest children in the class Ans: D 3. Dhaka is becoming one of the – cities in Asia.[ IU G 10-11, রেলওয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬] A. more busy B. busiest C. busy D. most busiest Ans: B 4. Choose the correct sentence. A. Bangladesh is like Vietnam. B. Bangladesh is as like as Vietnam. [CU (B) 02-03] C. Bangladesh is some like Vietnam. D. Bangladesh is same to Vietnam. Ans: A 5. Although they are smaller, chipmunks are – most other ground squirrels. [JU (IBA) 11-12] A. alike B. like as C. same as D. like Ans: A 6. Although we often use ‘speed’ and ‘velocity’ interchangeably, in a technical sense, ‘speed’ is not always – ‘velocity’. [DU C 02-03, PUST A 11-12, JnU D 16-17, JU F 16-17] A. alike B. the same as C. similar D. as E. as good as Ans: B 7. Last year, Matin earned – his brother, who has a better position. [CU D 12-13, E 16-17, JU E3 13-14] A. twice as much as B. twice more than C. twice as many as D. twice as more as Ans: A 8. Staying in a hotel costs – renting room in a dormitory for a week. [NSTU (C) 12-13, CU (B1) 12-13] A. twice more than B. twice as much as C. as much twice as D. as much as twice Ans: B 9. This dictionary costs – the other one. (এই অভিধানের দাম অন্যটার দ্বিগুণ) [JU (B) 18-19] A. twice more than B. twice as much as C. twice as much D. twice as many Ans: B 10. Mina has been suffering from fever for two months. She --- [CU (B-1) 14-15] A. is comparatively better today B. is comparatively the best today C. is nicely today D. is better today. Ans: D 11. Which of the following sentences is correct? [ডাক ও টেলিযোগাযোগ মন্ত্রণালয়ের হিসাবরক্ষণ কর্মকর্তা-০৩] A. He is good today than before B. He is better today [RU (মার্কেটিং) 07-08, Medical 13-14] C. He is best today than yesterday D. He is comparatively better today. Ans: B 12. Choose the correct sentence. (আজ আমি আগের চেয়ে ভালো বোধ করছি) [NU (বিজ্ঞান) 11-12] A. I feel more good today B. I feel better today C. I feel more better today D. He is comparatively better today. Ans: B 13. She is one of the most courgeous persons — [NU (মানবিক) 12-13] A. I known B. which I know C. who I know D. I have ever known. Ans: D 14. My uncle is the best story-teller — [CU (B) 05-06] A. than I’ve ever met B. I’ve ever met C. that never met D. that I’ve ever met Ans: B 15. Which one is the superlative degree? (সব ফুলের মধ্যে গোলাপ সবচেয়ে সুন্দর) [IU (Law) 04-05] A. Rose is the finest of all flowers. B. The rose is the finest of all flowers. C. The rose is finest of all flowers. D. The rose is the finest of all flower. Ans: B 16. Which one is correct? (নীল নদ আফ্রিকা মহাদেশের দীর্ঘতম/সবচেয়ে বড় নদী) [17th BCS, মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা অধিদপ্তরের অধীনে প্রদর্শক-০৪, RU 06-07, IU (ঝ) 12-13, Rupali Bank -13, BRUR (A) 15-16] A. The Nile is longest river in Africa. B. The Nile is longest river in the Africa. C. Nile is longest river in Africa. D. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. Ans: D 17. He drives much — than he needs to do. [DU (B) 99-00, NU 10-11] I prepare my lesson — than you. [ত্রাণ ও পুনর্বাসন অধিদপ্তরের প্রকল্প বাস্তবায়ন কর্মকর্তা-০৬] A. so carefully B. more careful C. carefully D. more carefully Ans: D 18. Dhaka is one of the largest cities in Bangladesh. (Positive) [১০ম স্কুল শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৪] A. No other cities in Bangladesh are as big as Dhaka. B. Very few cities in Bangladesh are as big as Dhaka. C. Very few cities in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka. D. Some cities in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka. Ans: B 19. He is one of the worst men in the world. (Make Positive) [১৩তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (স্ক) ১৬] A. Very few men in the world were so bad as he. B. Very few man in the world was so bad as he. C. Very few men in the world were so bad so he. D. Very few man in the world were as bad as he. Ans: A 20. Salman is one of the richest persons in the town. What does the sentence imply? [DU C 19-20] A. No other man is as rich as Salman in the town. B. No one in this town is rich. C. Very few persons in the town are as rich as Salman. D. Salman is very rich but others are also rich. Ans: C 21. It burns the prettiest of any wood. (Positive) [৮ম স্কুল শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১২, ১৫তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৯] A. No other wood is as pretty as it burns B. No other wood burns is as pretty as it C. No other wood burns as pretty as it D. No other wood burn as pretty as it Ans: C 22. It is more than honesty. (Make it ‘Postive’) [১৫তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৯] A. Honesty is not as much as it. B. Honesty are not as much as it. C. Honesty is as much as it. D. Honesty is less much as it. Ans: A 23. The sentence ‘He is one of the best boys in the village’ can be written as - [RU (E, বিজোড়) 16-17] A. Very few boys in the village is so good as he B. Very few boys in the village are as good as he C. Very few boys in the village are better as he D. Very few boys in the village is very good as he Ans: B 24. Mango is one of the sweetest fruits in the world. (Comparative) [৬ষ্ঠ শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১০] A. Mango is more sweet than any other fruits in the world. B. Mango is more sweet than all other fruits in the world. C. Mango is sweeter than most other fruits in the world. D. Mango is sweeter than any other fruits in the world. Ans: C 25. Belal is the best boy in the class. (Comparative) [১২তম স্কুল শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৫] A. Very few boys in the class as good as Belal B. Belal is a good boy in the class C. Belal is better than any other boy in the class D. Belal is better than any other boys in the class Ans: C 26. The Padma is one of the biggest rivers in Bangladesh. (Positive) [১২তম স্কুল শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৫] A. Very few river in Bangladesh is as big as the Padma B. Very few rivers in Bangladesh are as big as the Padma C. No other river in Bangladesh is so big as the Padma D. No other rivers in Bangladesh are as big as the Padma Ans: B 27. ‘Iron is the most useful metal’. The positive form of the sentence is- [বিটিভির সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭, RU 05-06] A. Very few metals are as useful as iron. B. Iron is as useful as many other metals. C. No other metal is as useful as iron. D. Iron is more useful than many other metals. Ans: C 28. He is the best boy in the class. (Positive) [৯ম স্কুল শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৩] A. He is a good boy in the class B. No other boy is so good as he. C. No other boy in the class is as good as he. D. He is better than any other boy Ans: C 29. Change positive to comparative without any change of meaning. ‘He is as ferocious as tiger’ [JnU (D) 15-16] A. A tiger is not more ferocious than he. B. A tiger is not ferocious than he. C. A tiger is not ferocious than he D. A tiger is not more ferocious than him Ans: A

SENTENCE Part 1: Primary Discussion একাধিক word বা শব্দ সমষ্টি একত্রে মিলিত হয়ে যদি বক্তার মনের ভাব সম্পূর্ণরূপে প্রকাশ করে তবে তাকে Sentence  বা বাক্য বলে। একটি বাক্যের সাধারণত দুটি অংশ থাকে। যথা: Subject  (উদ্দেশ্য): বাক্যের যে অংশে কার সম্পর্কে কিছু বলা হয় তাকে subject বলে। Predicate  (বিধেয়): Subject সম্পর্কে যা কিছু বলা হয় তাকে predicate বলে। Ex:  Kamal (subject) is a good student (predicate). Classification of Sentence: অর্থভেদে Sentence পাঁচ প্রকার এবং গঠনভেদে তিন প্রকার। According to Meaning (অর্থানুসারে): Assertive Sentence  (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) Interrogative Sentence  (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য) Imperative Sentence  (অনুজ্ঞাসূচক বাক্য) Optative Sentence  (ইচ্ছা বা আশীর্বাদমূলক বাক্য) Exclamatory Sentence  (আবেগসূচক বাক্য) According to Structure (গঠনানুসারে): Simple Sentence  (সরল বাক্য) Complex Sentence  (জটিল বাক্য) Compound Sentence  (যৌগিক বাক্য) Part 2: Important Rules with Previous Questions 1. Simple Sentence যে Sentence-এ একটিমাত্র Subject এবং একটিমাত্র Finite Verb থাকে তাকে Simple Sentence বলে। Ex:  I saw a bird flying in the sky. Ex:  He is too weak to walk. Ex:  'I have no money to spare.' It is a/an — [DU-B: 12-13] (A) simple sentence (B) complex sentence (C) compound sentence (D) interrogative sentence Ans: (A)  (একটি মাত্র finite verb 'have' আছে।) Ex:  "In spite of his poverty, he is honest." is a — [RU-E: 15-16] (A) compound sentence (B) complex sentence (C) simple sentence (D) none Ans: (C) 2. Complex Sentence যে Sentence-এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে তাকে Complex Sentence বলে। Subordinate clause টি সাধারণত Subordinating Conjunction (who, which, that, when, where, why, how, if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, until, unless ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা শুরু হয়। Ex:  If you come, I will go. Ex:  He is so weak that he cannot walk. Ex:  If I had known you were coming ______ [32nd BCS] (A) I would go to the station (B) I had gone to the station (C) I would have gone to the station (D) I went to the station Ans: (C)  (If যুক্ত clause থাকায় এটি Complex sentence) Ex:  The sentence "I know that he is innocent" is — [RU-F: 15-16] (A) simple (B) complex (C) compound (D) interrogative Ans: (B) 3. Compound Sentence যে Sentence-এ দুই বা ততোধিক Principal Clause থাকে এবং সেগুলো Coordinating Conjunction (and, but, or, yet, so, otherwise ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে। Ex:  He is poor but he is honest. Ex:  Do or die. Ex:  Which of the following is a compound sentence? [DU-D: 03-04] (A) As he was ill, he could not go. (B) Being ill, he could not go. (C) He was ill and could not go. (D) He could not go because he was ill. Ans: (C)  ('and' দ্বারা যুক্ত) Ex:  'He is poor but honest.' In this sentence which is conjunction? [JKKNIU: 15-16] (A) He (B) Poor (C) But (D) Honest Ans: (C)  (Coordinating conjunction) Transformation of Sentences (Simple, Complex, Compound) নিচে কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম দেওয়া হলো যার মাধ্যমে এক ধরনের বাক্যকে অন্য ধরনে রূপান্তর করা যায়: Rule-01: Since/As/When (কারণ বোঝাতে) Complex:  Since/As/When + subject + verb... Simple:  Verb+ing (যদি subject একই হয়) অথবা Because of / Due to / On account of (যদি subject ভিন্ন হয় বা কারণ বোঝায়)। Compound:  ...and... Ex (Complex):  Since he was ill, he could not come. Ex (Simple):  Being ill, he could not come. / Because of his illness, he could not come. Ex (Compound):  He was ill and (therefore) could not come. Rule-02: Though/Although (বিপরীত বোঝাতে) Complex:  Though/Although + subject + verb... Simple:  In spite of / Despite + possessive + noun/verb+ing... Compound:  ...but... Ex (Complex):  Though he is poor, he is honest. Ex (Simple):  In spite of his poverty, he is honest. Ex (Compound):  He is poor but he is honest. Rule-03: So that (উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে) Complex:  ...so that + subject + can/could + verb... Simple:  ...to + verb... / ...in order to + verb... Compound:  ...and so... / ...and want to... Ex (Complex):  He works hard so that he can succeed. Ex (Simple):  He works hard to succeed. Ex (Compound):  He works hard and so he can succeed. Rule-04: If/Unless (শর্ত বোঝাতে) Complex:  If + affirmative... / If + negative (Unless)... Simple:  By + gerund... (Affirmative) / Without + gerund... (Negative) Compound:  ...and... (Affirmative) / ...or... (Negative) Ex (Complex):  If you read more, you will learn more. Ex (Simple):  By reading more, you will learn more. Ex (Compound):  Read more and you will learn more. Ex (Complex):  If you do not work hard, you will fail. / Unless you work hard, you will fail. Ex (Simple):  Without working hard, you will fail. Ex (Compound):  Work hard or you will fail. Rule-05: So...that (ফলাফল বোঝাতে) Complex:  ...so + adjective + that + subject + cannot/could not + verb... Simple:  ...too + adjective + to + verb... Compound:  ...very... and... Ex (Complex):  He is so weak that he cannot walk. Ex (Simple):  He is too weak to walk. Ex (Compound):  He is very weak and cannot walk. Rule-06: Relative Pronoun (Who/Which/That) Complex:  ...noun + who/which/that + verb... Simple:  (i) ...noun + participle (verb+ing)... [Active] / (ii) ...noun + past participle (V3)... [Passive] Compound:  ...and... Ex (Complex):  The man who is working here is my brother. Ex (Simple):  The man working here is my brother. Ex (Complex):  The book which was bought yesterday is lost. Ex (Simple):  The book bought yesterday is lost. Part 3: Self Practice with Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. Identify the simple sentence.  [DU-B: 15-16] (A) He is weak but he can walk. (B) Though he is weak, he can walk. (C) In spite of his weakness, he can walk. (D) As he is weak, he cannot walk. Ans: (C) 02. Which one is a complex sentence?  [DU-D: 11-12] (A) I saw a bird flying. (B) I saw a bird which was flying. (C) I saw a flying bird. (D) I saw a bird and it was flying. Ans: (B) 03. "Do or die" is a —  [DU-C: 09-10] (A) Simple sentence (B) Complex sentence (C) Compound sentence (D) Optative sentence Ans: (C) 04. No sooner had he left ______ I came.  [DU-B: 08-09] (A) than (B) then (C) when (D) before Ans: (A)  (Complex sentence structure) JU Questions & Answers 01. "Wait here until I come back." This is a —  [JU-A: 19-20] (A) Simple sentence (B) Complex sentence (C) Compound sentence (D) None Ans: (B)  ('Until' is a subordinating conjunction) 02. Transform into simple: "As he was sick, he could not attend the meeting."  [JU-C: 18-19] (A) Being sick, he could not attend the meeting. (B) He was sick and so he could not attend. (C) Because of his being sick, he could not attend. (D) Both A & C Ans: (D) RU Questions & Answers 01. "Honey tastes sweet." This sentence is —  [RU-E: 16-17] (A) Active (B) Passive (C) Quasi-passive (D) Imperative Ans: (C)  (Quasi-passive voice in a simple sentence) 02. Which is a simple sentence?  [RU-A: 14-15] (A) He is poor but honest. (B) Though he is poor, he is honest. (C) In spite of his poverty, he is honest. (D) He is poor and honest. Ans: (C) BCS & Other Exams 01. 'Whatever' is a/an —  [40th BCS] (A) Adjective (B) Pronoun (C) Conjunction (D) Adverb Ans: (C)  (Used as a conjunction in complex sentences) 02. Which one is a compound sentence?  [36th BCS] (A) He is too weak to move. (B) As he is weak, he cannot move. (C) He is very weak and cannot move. (D) Because of his weakness, he cannot move. Ans: (C) 03. "If I were you, I would accept the offer." This is an example of — (A) Simple sentence (B) Complex sentence (C) Compound sentence (D) Negative sentence Ans: (B) Part 4: SELF TEST 01. Identify the complex sentence: (A) I have no money to spare. (B) He is poor but honest. (C) If you work hard, you will succeed. (D) Walking is a good exercise. Ans: (C) 02. "He is very weak and cannot walk." This is a — (A) Simple sentence (B) Complex sentence (C) Compound sentence (D) Mixed sentence Ans: (C) 03. Transform into complex: "I saw a bird flying in the sky." (A) I saw a bird which was flying in the sky. (B) I saw a bird and it was flying in the sky. (C) I saw a flying bird. (D) Seeing a bird, I stopped. Ans: (A) 04. "By working hard, you can prosper." This simple sentence can be changed into compound as — (A) If you work hard, you can prosper. (B) Work hard and you can prosper. (C) Though you work hard, you can prosper. (D) Unless you work hard, you cannot prosper. Ans: (B) 05. "Unless you move, you will die." This complex sentence can be changed into simple as — (A) Move or die. (B) Without moving, you will die. (C) If you do not move, you will die. (D) Moving is necessary to live. Ans: (B) 06. Which conjunction is used in a compound sentence? (A) Since (B) As (C) And (D) Though Ans: (C) 07. "The man who came here is my uncle." The underlined clause is — (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Coordinate clause Ans: (B) 08. "Tell me when he will come." The underlined clause is — (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A)  (Object of 'tell') 09. "I will go where he lives." The underlined clause is — (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Relative clause Ans: (C)  (Adverbial clause of place) 10. "Walk fast lest you should miss the train." This is a — (A) Simple sentence (B) Complex sentence (C) Compound sentence (D) None Ans: (B)  ('Lest' is a subordinating conjunction) Exercise Topic: Sentence Questions: 1. Only Rina can do this sum. (Negative) a) Only Rina cannot do this sum. b) Rina cannot do this sum. c) None but Rina can do this sum. d) Anyone but Rina can do this sum. 2. I must do this. (Make it negative) a) I cannot but doing this. b) I cannot help do this. c) I must not but do this. d) I cannot help doing this. 3. Nobody likes a liar. The affirmative form of the sentence is a) Everybody dislikes lying b) All people dislike a liar c) Everybody hates a liar d) Everybody likes the truth 4. 'Every mother loves her child'. Make it negative. a) Every mother does not love her child. b) Every mother doesn't love her child. c) There is no mother but loves her child. d) Every mother loves no child. 5. All love flower. (Interrogative) a) Who does not love flower? b) Who do not love flower? c) Who did not love flower? d) Do all love flower 6. Identify the imperative sentence. a) I shall go to college. b) Matin is singing a song. c) It has been raining since morning. d) Stand up. 7. May Allah/God help you. What kind of sentence is this? a) Assertive b) Optative c) Imperative d) Exclamatory 8. What type of sentence is 'If I knew this before!'? a) Optative b) Exclamatory c) Assertive d) Imperative 9. "All men must die" (Negative) a) No men will never die b) None but all men will die c) Nothing but all men must die d) None can avoid death 10. Which one is a negative interrogative sentence? a) Had they not work b) Do they not work? c) Do not he work? d) Could he not worked? 11. Although he is rich, he is an honest man. This is a a) simple sentence b) complex sentence c) compound sentence d) multiple sentence 12. What is lotted cannot be blotted. This is a) Simple sentence b) Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d) Multiple sentence 13. Do or die is a - a) complex sentence b) compound sentence c) simple sentence d) conditional sentence 14. All that glitters is not gold. This sentence is- a) simple b) complex c) compound d) complex-compound 15. 'In spite of being old, he was young at heart.' The compound sentence of it is - a) Though he was old he was young at heart b) He was too old to be young at heart c) He was old but young at heart d) All of the above 16. What is lotted cannot be blotted. This is - a) Simple sentence b) Compound sentence c) Complex sentence d) Multiple sentence 17. The girl who sat next to me is an architect. It is a: a) simple sentence b) complex sentence c) compound sentence d) complex-compound sentence 18. I saw that the boy was playing. It is an example of a- a) complex sentence b) compound sentence c) simple sentence d) exclamatory sentence 19. Move and die. (Make simple)- a) Move or Die b) In case of your moving you will die. c) Move unless you die d) Move never you will die 20. I know her name. (Make it complex) a) What her name I know b) I know what her name is c) I know what is her name. d) Her name I know. Answers With Explanation: 1. c) None but Rina can do this sum (Affirmative sentence with 'Only' or 'Alone' referring to a person is changed to 'None but' in negative. ব্যক্তি বুঝালে Only এর পরিবর্তে None but বসে।) 2. d) I cannot help doing this. ('Must' is replaced by 'cannot but + base verb' or 'cannot help + verb+ing'. Must থাকলে negative করতে cannot help + ing বসে।) 3. c) Everybody hates a liar (Affirmative of 'Nobody' is 'Everybody'. Antonym of 'likes' is 'hates'. 'Nobody likes' becomes 'Everybody hates'.) 4. c) There is no mother but loves her child. ('Every' is replaced by 'There is no ... but' in negative. Every থাকলে There is no ... but বসে।) 5. a) Who does not love flower? ('All' or 'Everybody' is replaced by 'Who does not' in interrogative. All থাকলে Who does not বসে।) 6. d) Stand up. (Imperative sentences usually start with a verb and express order, request, or advice. আদেশ, উপদেশ বা অনুরোধ বুঝালে Imperative sentence হয়।) 7. b) Optative (Sentences starting with 'May' that express a wish or prayer are Optative. ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনা বুঝালে Optative sentence হয়।) 8. d) Exclamatory (Note: Source key says 8.d. Standard grammar classifies sentences expressing sudden emotion or wish (like 'If I knew...') as Exclamatory. However, some classifications might label 'If' structures differently, but the exclamation mark indicates Exclamatory. Key 8.d refers to 'Exclamatory' in the list (order: Assertive, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory). In text, d is Exclamatory.) 9. d) None can avoid death ('Must' indicates obligation/inevitability. 'All men must die' implies no one can escape it. Negative: 'None can avoid death'. অর্থ ঠিক রেখে Negative করা হয়েছে।) 10. b) Do they not work? (Structure: Aux + S + not + V...? or Aux + not + S + V...? 'Do they not work?' follows correct grammatical structure. সঠিক গঠন হলো Auxiliary + Subject + Not + Verb.) 11. b) complex sentence (Sentences with 'Although' consist of a main clause and a subordinate clause, making it Complex. Although থাকলে Complex sentence হয়।) 12. c) Complex sentence (Contains a noun clause "What is lotted" as the subject. Subordinate clause থাকায় এটি Complex sentence.) 13. b) compound sentence (Two independent clauses joined by 'or'. Or দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকলে Compound sentence হয়।) 14. b) complex ('All that glitters' contains a relative clause 'that glitters', making it Complex. Relative clause থাকায় এটি Complex.) 15. c) He was old but young at heart (Simple sentence with 'In spite of' converts to Compound using 'but'. In spite of থাকলে Compound করতে but বসে।) 16. c) Complex sentence (Repetition of Question 12.) 17. b) complex sentence (Contains a relative clause 'who sat next to me'. Who দ্বারা যুক্ত clause থাকায় এটি Complex.) 18. a) complex sentence (Contains a noun clause 'that the boy was playing'. That দ্বারা যুক্ত clause থাকায় এটি Complex.) 19. b) In case of your moving you will die. ("Move and die" implies a condition "If you move, you will die". Simple form uses a phrase like "In case of...". 'In case of' ব্যবহার করে Simple করা হয়েছে।) 20. c) I know what her name is

SENTENCE Sentence:  A group of words that makes a complete sense is called a sentence. (পরিপূর্ণ অর্থপ্রকাশ করে এমন শব্দ সমষ্টিকে sentence বা বাক্য বলে।) General Questions 1. A sentence is a — [স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রসাশক-০৫] A. group of words B. collection of words C. group of words that makes a complete sense D. part of paragraph Ans: C 2. A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete — [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক অফিসার-০১, PUST (A) 14-15] A. thought B. paragraph C. predicate D. fragment Ans: A Subject & Predicate Note: Subject:  The part which names the person or things we are speaking about. Predicate:  The part which tells something about the subject. 3. A 'subject' means — [IU (গ) 05-06] A. The agent of a sentence B. The preceding of the adjective C. The modifier of the sentence D. The syntax of the sentence Ans: A 4. The 'predicate' is a group of words which — . [JU 05-06] A. denotes the statement B. describe the subject C. helps the subject D. tells about the subject Ans: D 5. The predicate of a sentence is — [JnU 06-07] A. A verb B. A person about whom something is said C. What is said about subject D. Which determines the subject Ans: C 6. When we write sentence — [RU (আইন) 03-04] A. The object comes first B. The predicate comes first C. The subject comes first D. The person comes first Ans: C 7. Because every sentence must contain a subject and a verb, how many essential part (s) every sentence have? [PSC 98] A. one B. two C. three D. three is on hard and fast rule Ans: B 8. A sentence must have a — [তুলা উন্নয়ন কর্মকর্তা-৯৭, RU 05-06, JKKNIU (B) 12-13] A. group of words B. description C. statement D. subject and a finite verb Ans: D Assertive Sentence 9. An assertive sentence means: [IU 05-06] A. we affirm what is said B. a simple statement C. a negative form D. comment or order Ans: B 10. The boy has a book. (What kind of sentence it is?) [RU 05-06] A. Assertive B. Negative C. Optative D. Imperative Ans: A 11. The wind is unfavourable. What kind of sentence this? [IU 04-05] A. assertive B. interrogative C. imperative D. optative Ans: A 1. Only Rina can do this sum. (Negative) [১০ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৪, সমাজসেবা অধিদপ্তরে ফিল্ড সুপারভাইজার-১৭] A. Only Rina cannot do this sum. B. Rina cannot do this sum. C. None but Rina can do this sum. D. Anyone but Rina can do this sum. Ans: C Explanation:  When "Only" or "Alone" refers to a person, it is replaced by "None but" in the negative form. 2. None but one student was absent. Which is affirmative? [বিটিভি'র উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১১] A. One student was absent B. One student was always absent C. Only one student was absent D. Only one student was always absent Ans: C Explanation:  "None but" refers to a person, but here it modifies "one student". The reverse transformation of "None but" is "Only". 3. Choose the correct negative sentence. Only a rogue can act thus. [KU 07-08] A. Only but a rogue can act thus. B. No one but a rogue can act thus. C. None but a rogue can act thus. D. No one can act thus but a rogue. Ans: C Explanation:  "Only" referring to a person ("a rogue") changes to "None but". 4. 'A child likes only sweets' - Negative form of this sentence is- [১২তম প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন-১৫] A. A child likes nothing but sweets B. A child likes none but sweets C. A child likes but sweets D. A child likes not more sweets Ans: A Explanation:  When "Only" refers to an object or thing ("sweets"), it is replaced by "nothing but". 5. He has only a few books. [RU (H) 17-18] A. He does not but a few books. B. He is nothing though a few books. C. He has nothing but a few books. D. He does not possess a few books. Ans: C Explanation:  "Only" modifying objects ("a few books") becomes "nothing but". 6. Priyom is only six. (Negative) [৬ষ্ঠ শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১০, RU (E, বিজোড়) 16-17] A. Priyom is not six. B. Priyom is not more than six. C. Priyom is no less six. D. Priyom is more six. Ans: B Explanation:  When "Only" refers to a number or age, it is replaced by "not more than" or "not less than". 7. He is only five. (Negative) [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১] A. He is not less than five. B. He is not above five. C. He is not only five. D. He in not aged five. Ans: A Explanation:  Similar to the previous rule, "only" with a number can become "not less than" (or "not more than"). 8. I must do this. (Make it negative) [RU (E-জোড়) 14-15] A. I cannot but doing this. B. I cannot help do this. C. I must not but do this. D. I cannot help doing this. Ans: D Explanation:  "Must" is changed to "cannot but + base verb" or "cannot help + verb-ing". Here, "cannot help doing" is the correct structure. 9. I must go there. (Negative) [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১] A. I cannot going there. B. I cannot help go there. C. I cannot but go there. D. I must not go there. Ans: C Explanation:  "Must" becomes "cannot but" followed by the base form of the verb ("go"). 10. I must do it. (Make it negative) [IU (B) 10-11, RU (মার্কেটিং) 07-08, (E, জোড়) 16-17] A. I must not do it. B. I should not do it. C. I cannot but do it. D. I do not do it. Ans: C 11. 'I cannot help listening to him.' Show in form using 'but'. [RU 09-10] A. I can listen to him. B. I cannot but listen to him. C. I but can listen to him. D. I cannot listening to him. Ans: B Explanation:  "Cannot help + ing" is equivalent to "cannot but + base verb". 12. I cannot but go there. (Use 'help' in place of 'but') [RU 07-08, (মার্কেটিং) 08-09] A. I cannot help in going there. B. I cannot help to go there. C. I cannot help going there. D. I cannot help for going there Ans: C 13. None can escape his fate. Choose the correct affirmative of this sentence. [RU (F) 14-15] A. Everyone accept his fate. B. Everyone can escape his fate. C. Everyone must submit to his fate. D. Everyone cannot escape his fate. Ans: C Explanation:  The negative "None can escape" implies the affirmative "Everyone must submit". 14. Everybody should admit the truth. (Make it negative without changing its meaning) [RU 03-04, (D) 10-11, (D, অবাণিজ্য) 17-18] A. Nobody should admit the truth. B. Nobody should deny the truth. C. Everybody should not admit the truth. D. Everybody should deny the truth. Ans: B Explanation:  To make "Everybody" negative, use "Nobody" and use the antonym of the verb ("admit" becomes "deny"). 15. Nobody likes a liar. The affirmative form of the sentence is [গণপূর্ত অধিদপ্তরের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১১, COU (D) 12-13, IU (G) 17-18] A. Everybody dislikes lying B. All people dislike a liar C. Everybody hates a liar D. Everybody likes the truth. Ans: C Explanation:  "Nobody" becomes "Everybody" and "likes" becomes its antonym "hates" (or dislikes) to preserve meaning. 16. Every rose has a thorn. Make it negative. [RU 07-08] A. No rose has a thorn. B. Every rose has no thorn. C. There is no rose without thorn. D. None Ans: C Explanation:  "Every" is often replaced by "There is no... without..." in negative transformation. 17. Every mother loves her child. Make it negative. [Medical 97-98, 13-14, NU (D) 10-11] A. Every mother does not love her child B. Every mother doesn't love her child. C. There is no mother but loves her child D. Every mother loves no child. Ans: C Explanation:  "Every" becomes "There is no... but..." where "but" functions as a relative pronoun meaning "who does not". 18. The negative form of the sentence, "It always pours when it rains" is [সার্কেল অ্যাডজুটেন্ট-১৫] A. It never pours when it does not rain B. It always does not pours when is does not rain C. It never rains but it pours D. It never pours but it rains Ans: C Explanation:  This is a specific idiom. The negative "It never rains but it pours" means whenever it rains, it rains heavily (pours). 19. Everyone always remembers him. (Make it negative) [JnU (C) 11-12] A. Everyone will not remember him. B. Everyone never remember him. C. Everyone never forgets him. D. Everyone forgets him. Ans: C Explanation:  "Always" changes to "Never" and the verb "remembers" changes to its antonym "forgets". Note: Strict grammar might prefer "No one ever forgets him", but given the options, C is the intended answer despite "Everyone never" being awkward. 20. We always honour our teacher. (Make it negative) [RU 06-07] A. We never honour our teacher. B. We never dishonour our teacher. C. We should not dishonour our teacher. D. We shall not honour our teacher. Ans: B Explanation:  "Always" -> "Never"; "honour" -> "dishonour". 21. Tuhin was never late. (Make it affirmative): [RU 03-04] A. Tuhin was never late. B. Tuhin was never punctual. C. Tuhin was always punctual. D. Tuhin is not never late. Ans: C Explanation:  "Never" -> "Always"; "late" -> "punctual". 22. Which one is the right form of negative sentence without any change of this affirmative sentence? 'He is sometimes foolish' [RU 04-05] A. He is not always foolish. B. He is not always wise. C. He is not fool. D. None Ans: B Explanation:  "Sometimes" indicates occasionally. The negative is "not always". To keep the meaning "sometimes foolish", one must say he is "not always wise" (meaning he is wise most of the time, but sometimes foolish, or vice versa depending on context). Wait, "He is sometimes foolish" = "He is not always wise" is logically sound as it allows for moments of foolishness. 23. Akhi missed the train (Negative). [৮ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১২] A. Akhi did not catch the train B. Akhi did not get the train C. Akhi did not get into the train D. Akhi does not get on the train Ans: A Explanation:  "Missed" is the opposite of "caught". Negative: "did not catch". 24. He acted wisely. (Make it Negative) [RU 07-08, 09-10, IU 10-11] A. He could not act wisely. B. He did not act wisely. C. He did not but act wisely. D. He did not act foolishly. Ans: D Explanation:  Use the antonym of the adverb: "wisely" -> "foolishly" with "did not". 25. As soon as I left the place he went away. Which is negative? [IU G 11-12] A. No sooner I had left the place he went away. B. As soon as I did not leave the place he went away. C. As soon as I do not leave the place he went away. D. No sooner had I left the place than he went away. Ans: D Explanation:  "As soon as" transforms to "No sooner had... than..." in negative sentences. 26. As soon as the teacher enters the classroom, the students stand up. (Negative) A. No sooner does the teacher enter the classroom than the students stand up. B. No sooner the teacher enters the classroom than the students stand up. C. No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up. D. The students stood up as the teacher entered the classroom. Ans: A Explanation:  Since the original sentence is in the present tense ("enters"), the negative form uses "No sooner does...". 27. He is the best player. (Negative) [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৭] A. No other player is as good as he B. No other player is as better as he C. No other player is as best as he D. No other player is considered as best as he Ans: A Explanation:  Superlative degree ("best") changes to Positive degree with "No other... as good as". 28. 'He is the best boy in the class.' -Make it negative. [RU 09-10] A. None other than he is a good boy in the class. B. No other boy in the class is so good as he. C. He is not the best boy in the class. D. He is nothing but the best boy in the class. Ans: B 29. The negative form of the sentence 'Neela is taller than Bushra.' [সাধারণ বীমা কর্পোরেশনের জনিয়র অফিসার-১৯] A. Bushra is shorter than Neela. B. Bushra is not so tall as Neela. C. Bushra is not taller than Neela D. Neela is not shorter than Bushra. Ans: B Explanation:  Comparative "A is taller than B" becomes "B is not so tall as A" in the negative. 30. Money is sweeter than honey. (Negative) [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৭] A. Honey is not so sweet as money B. Money is not so sweet as honey C. Nothing as as sweet as money and honey D. Honey is not sweeter than money Ans: A 31. He is greater than I. Negative form of this affirmative sentence is - [JU IBA 10-11] A. I am not as great as he B. He is no greater than I C. He is so great as I D. I am not greater than he Ans: A 32. Which one is an interrogative sentence? [জনশক্তি, কর্মসংস্থান ও প্রশিক্ষণ ব্যুরোর ইন্সট্রাক্টর-১৮] A. He reads a book. B. Does he read a book? C. He has read a book. D. He will read a book. Ans: B 33. Choose the correct interrogative. [JnU 05-06] A. Will you go to the park? B. Will go you to the park? C. You will go to the park? D. Go will you to the park? Ans: A 34. Choose the correct interrogative form of the following sentence. 'I do the work.' [DU (D) 14-15] A. Did I do the work? B. Do I do the work? C. Do I did the work? D. Have I done the work? Ans: B 35. Choose the right interrogative of the following sentence: 'Your father came home last night' A. Had your father came home last night? B. Did your father come home last night? C. Have your father came home last night? D. Was your father came home last night? Ans: B 36. Choose the correct interrogative form of the following sentence. 'He married to the beautiful girl.' A. Was he married to the beautiful girl? B. Did he married to the beautiful girl? C. Did he marry to the beautiful girl? D. Had he married to the beautiful girl? Ans: C 37. Choose the correct interrogative. [তুমি কোন বইটি পড়ছ?] [JnU (B) 11-12] A. Which book you are reading? B. Which book you reading? C. Which book are you reading? D. Which book your are reading Ans: C 38. Choose the correct interrogative sentence. [আনিসের বয়স কত?] [RU (C) 06-07] A. How old is Anis? B. What is the age of Anis? C. How the age of Anis is? D. How many years Anis is? Ans: A 39. All love flower. (Interrogative) [১১তম প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৪, IU (G) 11-12, ১৫তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৯] A. Who does not love flower? B. Who do not love flower? C. Who did not love flower? D. Do all love flower? Ans: A Explanation:  "All/Everybody" changes to "Who does not..." in interrogative to imply the affirmative meaning. 40. Everybody knows this. (Interrogative) [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১] A. Does anybody know this? B. Who does not know this? C. Who do not know this? D. Do anybody know this? Ans: B 41. Everybody hates a liar. (Interrogative) [১২তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৫] A. Who hates a liar? B. Do you hate a liar? C. Who does not hates a liar? D. Who does not hate a liar? Ans: D 42. What is the best interrogative form of the sentence? 'Everybody wants to be rich.' [জনসংখ্যা ও পরিবার কল্যাণ কর্মকর্তা-০৪] A. Does not everybody want to be rich? B. Who does not want to be rich? C. Why not everybody wants to be rich? D. None of the above sentences. Ans: B 43. Nobody wishes to be unhappy. (Interrogative) [১১তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৪] A. Who wishes to be unhappy? B. Does nobody wish to be unhappy? C. Who does not wish to be unhappy? D. Who wishes to be unhappy? Ans: A Explanation:  "Nobody" changes to "Who..." (without "not") to imply the negative meaning. 44. 'None can do this' এর interrogative form কি হবে? [মিলিটারি ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সার্ভিসেসের স্টোরম্যান-১৮, CU G 11-12] A. Can none do this? B. Who can do this? C. Who cannot do this? D. Can anyone do this? Ans: B, D Explanation:  "None" can be replaced by "Who" (Who can do this? = No one) or "Anyone" with inversion (Can anyone do this?). Both are correct forms. 45. What is the negative-interrogative form of 'I have been reading'? [IU (গ) 09-10] A. Have I been reading? B. Has I been reading? C. Have I not been reading? D. Do I read? Ans: C 46. We are proud of our freedom fighters. (Interrogative) [৬ষ্ঠ শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১০] A. Are we proud of our freedom fighters? B. Are we not proud of our freedom fighters? C. Are not we proud of our freedom fighters? D. Don't we proud of our freedom fighters? Ans: B 47. She cooks rice. (Make it negative-interrogative) [RU 03-04] A. Does She cook rice? B. Has she not cooked rice? C. Does not She cook rice? D. Does she not cook rice? Ans: D 48. He went home. (Make it negative-interrogative) [RU 07-08] A. Did he not went home? B. Did he not gone home? C. Did not he went home? D. Did he not go home? Ans: D 49. Which one is Imperative sentence? [দুর্নীতি দমন কমিশনের ডাটা এন্ট্রি অপারেটর-১৯] A. I shall go. B. Go home. C. You did it. D. She is eating. Ans: B 50. Which one is the imperative sentence? [শিল্প মন্ত্রণালয়ের অধীনে সহকারী পরিচালক-১০] A. She is dancing B. I shall go C. Sit down D. You will sit here Ans: C 51. A sentence that expresses command, forbids, request and advice is called — sentence. [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক '৯০] A. an interrogative B. an imperative C. an affirmative D. None Ans: B 52. "Please bring me a cup of tea." What kind of sentence is this? [RU (F) 12-13] A. assertive B. imperative C. optative D. interrogative Ans: B 53. Do not laugh at the poor. [পরিবার পরিকল্পনা সহকারী পরিদর্শক এবং পরিবার কল্যাণ সহকারী-১১] A. Interrogative B. Imperative C. Assertive D. Optative Ans: B 54. Identify the imperative sentence. [27th BCS, প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা অধিদপ্তরের সহকারী ইনস্ট্রাক্টর-১১, IU (F) 13-14, KU 12-13, RU 14-15, BRUR (D) 14-15] A. I shall go to college. B. Matin is singing a song. C. Stand up. D. It has been raining since morning. Ans: C 55. What type of sentence 'Pay tribute to the memory of a national hero' is? [RU 08-09] A. Assertive B. Exclamatory C. Optative D. Imperative Ans: D 56. We should love our country. (Imperative) [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৭] A. Love our country. B. Let us love our country. C. We may not hate our country. D. Should love our country. Ans: B Explanation:  For "We should", the imperative form usually starts with "Let us". 57. An optative sentence — [আইন, বিচার ও সংসদ বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়ের সাব-রেজিস্ট্রার-১২] A. Asks question B. Expresses prayer or desire C. Expresses joys, sorrow etc. D. Expresses sudden feeling Ans: B 58. "May he not suffer (সে কষ্ট না পাক)" is an — [NSI এর সাঁটমুদ্রাক্ষরিক-কাম-কম্পিউটার অপারেটর-১৭] A. Assertive sentence B. Optative sentence C. Interrogative sentence D. Imperative sentence Ans: B 59. 'May Allah/God help you.' What kind of sentence is this? [11th BCS, সমাজসেবা অধিদপ্তরের ইউনিয়ন সমাজকর্মী-১৬, সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৯] A. Assertive B. Optative C. Imperative D. Exclamatory Ans: B 60. Which one is an optative sentence? [বহিরাগমন ও পাসপোর্ট অধিদপ্তরের সহকারী পরিচালক-১১] A. You should take care of your health. B. I hope you will be able to get over your tensions. C. May God speed up your recovery. D. It's better to pay attention to your daughter's education. Ans: C 61. কোন প্রকারের বাক্যের মধ্য দিয়ে প্রবল অনুভূতি প্রকাশিত হয়? [প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক-৯৩] A. Compound sentence B. Exclamatory sentence C. Interrogative sentence D. None of the above Ans: B 62. What type of sentence is 'If I knew this before!'? [RU 06-07] A. assertive B. optative C. imperative D. exclamatory Ans: D 63. Which of the following sentences begins with a complement? [RU 04-05] A. Assertive B. Exclamatory C. Optative D. Interrogative Ans: B Explanation:  Exclamatory sentences often begin with a complement (e.g., "How beautiful  the flower is!"). 64. Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory) [৬ষ্ঠ শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১০, NSI-এর সহকারী পরিচালক-১৭] A. How exciting is cricket game! B. How an exciting game is cricket! C. What an exciting game cricket is! D. What an exciting is cricket game! Ans: C 65. He leads a most unhappy life. (Make it exclamatory) [RU 03-04] A. What a unhappy life he leads! B. What an unhappy life he lead! C. What an unhappy life he leads! D. What a unhappy life he lead! Ans: C 66. Man is indeed a wonderful creation. Make it exclamatory: [SUST 07-08] A. How wonderful creation a man indeed! B. What a wonderful creation a man indeed is! C. What a wonderful creation a man is! D. How creation a man is! Ans: C 67. "The scenery is very charming." (Make it exclamatory) [RU 06-07] A. The scenery is very charming. B. How charming is the scenery! C. How charming the scenery is! D. How beautiful the scenery is! Ans: C 68. I wish I were an ideal teacher. (Exclamatory) [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১, IU (H) 14-15] A. If I were an ideal teacher! B. How an ideal teacher I was! C. What an ideal teacher I was! D. If an ideal teacher I am! Ans: A 69. What a nice scenery it is! (Assertive) [১০ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (১১-১৪)] A. It is very nice scenery. B. It is a great scenery. C. It is a very nice scenery. D. This scenery is very nice. Ans: C 70. How beautiful night is! (Make it assertive) [RU 07-08] A. It is beautiful night. B. Night is very beautiful. C. It is very beautiful night. D. Night is beautiful. Ans: B 71. Had I the wings of a bird! (Make it assertive) [RU 03-04, IU (D) 17-18] A. I wish I had the wings of a bird. B. I had the wings of a bird. C. I should have the wings of a bird. D. May I have the wings of a bird. Ans: A 72. If I had died! (Make it assertive) [RU 08-09] A. I wish I were died B. I wish I had died. C. I wish I died. D. I wish I was died. Ans: B PRACTICE 1. Which one is Imperative sentence? [দুর্নীতি দমন কমিশনের ডাটা এন্ট্রি অপারেটর-১৯] A. I shall go. B. Go home. C. You did it. D. She is eating. Ans: B 2. Which one of the following is an imperative sentence? [সংস্কৃতি বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়ে উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৯] A. Do not lie B. He came to my father. C. What an idea D. Do you know me? Ans: A 3. He tried is best. (Negative) [১৬তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৯] A. He did not try a little. B. He did not stay unmoved C. He left no stone unturned D. He did not turn all stone Ans: C 4. What an excellent idea. (Assertive) [১৫তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৯] A. It is a very excellent idea. B. It is an excellent idea. C. It is more excellent idea. D. It is a very good idea. Ans: A 5. 'What is your name?' This is an — sentence. [কারিগরী শিক্ষা অধিদপ্তরের জুনিয়র ইন্সট্রাক্টর (ইলেকট্রনিক্স)-১৮] A. interrogative B. imperative C. optative D. assertive Ans: A 6. Choose the correct negative form of the sentence: Everybody admits that Hanif tried his best in the final examination. [বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক অঞ্চল কর্তৃপক্ষের সহকারী ব্যবস্থাপক-১৮] A. Everybody admits that Hanif hasn't try his best in the final examination. B. Everybody admits that Hanif didn't try his best in the final examination. C. Hanif didn't try his best in the final examination and everybody admits that. D. Nobody denies that Hanif tried his best in the final examination. Ans: D 7. Which one is an imperative sentence? [সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহ: শিক্ষক-৯৮, পল্লী সঞ্চয় ব্যাংক (ক্যাশ অফিসার)-১৮, Medical 04-05, RU 07-08] A. You read it attentively B. Do it at once. C. I wish your success in life. D. Does he go to school? Ans: B 8. 'Come with me.' This is an — [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা)-১৮] A. interrogative sentence B. imperative sentence C. assertive sentence D. exclamatory sentence Ans: B 9. Man is mortal এর সঠিক Negative sentence কোনটি? [মিলিটারি ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সার্ভিসেসের স্টোরম্যান-১৮] A. Man is not mortal. B. No man is mortal. C. Man is immortal. D. No man is immortal. Ans: D 10. The negative of 'Man is mortal' is [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬] A. Man is not mortal B. Man does not immortal C. Man will not die D. Man is not immortal Ans: D 11. What kind of sentence is the following one: How far is the train station? [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী প্রোগামার-১৭] A. Assertive B. Exclamatory C. Optative D. Interrogative Ans: D 12. 'How will you cross the road?' This is an — sentence. [NSI-এর অফিস সহকারী-১৭] A. Imperative B. Exclamatory C. Interrogative D. Optative Ans: C 13. 'Never tell a lie'-এটা কোন ধরনের sentence? [NSI-এর সাঁটমুদ্রাক্ষরিক-কাম-কম্পিউটার অপারেটর-১৭] A. Interrogative B. Assertive C. Optative D. Imperative Ans: D 14. The sentence, 'what a delicious meal!' is a/an- [পরিসংখ্যান কর্মকর্তা-১৭] A. Interrogative sentence B. Optative sentence C. Imperative sentence D. Exclamatory sentence Ans: D 15. Friendship is nothing but a name. (Interrogative) [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৭] A. What is friendship but a name? B. Is friendship anything but a name? C. What is nothing but a name? D. Why is friendship a name? Ans: A 16. What a fool he is! (Assertive) [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬] A. It is he who is a fool B. He is a fool, of course C. He is very fool D. He is a great fool Ans: D 17. Which one is the imperative sentence? [প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপ-সহকারী পরিচালক-১৬] A. How beautiful the flower is! B. Never tell a lie C. Do you drink tea? D. We drink milk everyday. Ans: B 18. Which one is imperative sentence? [NBR এর সহকারী রাজস্ব কর্মকর্তা-১৫] A. Let it be done B. Close the door C. The job is done D. She is cooking Ans: B 19. Long live our President- এটি কোন ধরনের sentence? [জুনিয়র অডিটর, কন্ট্রোলার জেনারেল ডিফেন্স ফাইন্যান্স-১৪] A. Assertive B. Optative C. Exclamatory D. Imperative Ans: B 20. "All men must die" (Negative) [১১তম প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন ১৪] A. No men will never die B. None but all men will die C. Nothing but all men must die D. None can avoid death. Ans: D 21. Be just and fear not- এটি কোন ধরনের sentence? [১৫-১৬] A. Optative B. Imperative C. Exclamatory D. Assertive Ans: B 22. Which one is an imperative sentence? [সহকারী তথ্য অফিসার-১৩] A. Where do you live? B. What a match! C. Nothing will make him repent D. Open the door. Ans: D 23. How fine flower it is! It is an — [BRTA এর মোটরযান পরিদর্শক-১৪] A. Assertive sentence B. Exclamatory sentence C. Optative sentence D. Negative sentence Ans: B 24. Did he see anyone in the room? (assertive) [পরিসংখ্যান কর্মকর্তা-১০] A. He saw no one in the room. B. He did not see someone in the room. C. He saw anyone in the room. D. He saw someone in the room. Ans: D 25. Only the moon was visible. (Negative) [১ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৩] A. The moon was not visible. B. He has few friends here C. Nothing but the moon was visible D. None but the moon was visible. Ans: C 26. Which sentence is in Imperative Mood? [১০ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৪] A. Stop reading loudly B. We live in a remote village C. May you be happy D. When will he come? Ans: A 27. 'Go there at once (দেরি না করে/এক্ষুণি সেখানে যাও)' is a/an- [১ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৪] A. Simple sentence B. Optative sentence C. Assertive sentence D. Imperative sentence Ans: D 28. Identify the imperative sentence. [পিইডিপি-৩ প্রাক-প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক নিয়োগ-১৫] A. I did it B. Stand up C. It is raining D. I shall go to college Ans: B 29. The interrogative form of the sentence "He is a great scholar" is - [পরিবার পরিকল্পনা সহকারী কর্মকর্তা-১২] A. Is he a great scholar? B. Is he a big scholar? C. Is he not a great scholar? D. Is not he a great scholar? Ans: D 30. He has a cup of tea everyday. (Interrogative) [৮ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১২] A. Doesn't he have a cup of tea everyday? B. Doesn't he has a cup of tea everyday? C. Has he not have a cup of tea everyday? D. Hasn't he has a cup of tea everyday? Ans: A 31. I had a nice dream last night. (Interrogative) [৮ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১২] A. Didn't I had a nice dream last night? B. Did I not have a nice dream last night? C. Had not I have a nice dream? D. Had I have a nice dream last night? Ans: B 32. There is only a high school at Satkhira. (Negative) [৮ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১২] A. Not more than a high school is at Satkhira B. There is not more than a high school at Satkhira C. There is a few school at Satkhira. D. There is nothing but a school at Satkhira Ans: B 33. Transform into negative sentence "He tried all plans" [৬ষ্ঠ শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১০, RU F 15-16] A. He tried/left no plan untried B. He tried no plans C. He untried no plans D. He did not try all plans Ans: A 34. What type of sentence is it? I wish you success in life. [সহ:পরিচালক মাদকদ্রব্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ অধিদপ্তর-১৩] A. Assertive B. Negative C. Optative D. Exclamatory Ans: C 35. Which sentence is correct? (কি ভালো লোক সে/তিনি!) [৭ম বিজেএস (সহকারী জজ)-১২] A. How a good man he is! B. How good man is he! C. What a good man is he! D. What a good man he is! Ans: D 36. What is the correct transformation of the following sentence into interrogative? 'Every man hates war.' [সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-০৯] A. Is there any man who doesn't hate war? B. Is there any men who doesn't hate war? C. Are there any man who doesn't hate war? D. Are there any men who doesn't hate war? Ans: A 37. Which one is an imperative sentence? [দুর্নীতি দমন ব্যুরোর পরিদর্শক-০৩, RU (F, অ-বিজ্ঞান) 16-17] A. How beautiful the flower is! B. Be quiet and listen to my words. C. Do you go to the club? D. I go to school everyday. Ans: B 38. 'None should deny the truth.' (Affirmative) [বাংলাদেশ কমার্স ব্যাংক অফিসার-০০, HSTU C 14-15] A. All should accept the truth B. Everybody should deny the truth C. Anybody should deny the truth D. Everybody should admit the truth Ans: D 39. He did not miss the opportunity, বাক্যটির Interrogative form- [প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক-৯৮] A. Did he miss the opportunity? B. Had he not missed the opportunity? C. Had he missed the opportunity? D. Did he not miss the opportunity? Ans: A 40. Choose the best interrogative form of 'Everyone hates acid-throwing' [DU B 19-20] A. Do anyone like acid-throwing? B. Is there anyone who can who can hate acid-throwing? C. Who does accept acid-throwing? D. Who does not hate acid-throwing? Ans: D 41. 'May our cricket team win the 'World Cup'. Change into an assertive sentence [DU (B) 17-18] A. I wish our cricket team to win the 'World Cup' B. I wish that our cricket team wins the 'World Cup'. C. I wish our cricket team could win the 'World Cup'. D. I wish our cricket team can win the 'World Cup' Ans: C 42. How beautiful the garden is! (Make it assertive) [RU (B) 18-19] A. It is a very beautiful garden. B. The garden is very beautiful. C. The garden looks beautiful. D. The beauty of the garden is really nice. Ans: B 43. All must submit to destiny. (Make it negative) [KU (C) 18-19] A. No one can escape destiny. B. Everybody should accept destiny. C. No one should escape destiny. D. Everybody should accept what destiny fixes for them. Ans: A 44. Which one is a negative interrogative sentence? [RU (E3) 17-18] A. Had they not work? B. Do they not work? C. Do not he work? D. Could he not worked? Ans: B 45. Health is wealth. Change it into Interrogative without changing meaning. [IU (B) 17-18] A. Is health wealth? B. Why health is wealth? C. Doesn't health wealth? D. Isn't health wealth? Ans: D 46. Convert the sentence to a complex one – "You are too young to understand." [পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়ের ব্যক্তিগত কর্মকর্তা-০৬] A. You are very young that you do not understand. B. You are so young that you do not understand. C. You are not old so you cannot understand. D. You are so young that you cannot understand. Ans: D (Explanation: too...to → so...that...cannot). 47. Change the following sentence into a complex one. 'Tell me your name' [সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-০৮] A. Tell me what is your name. B. Tell me the name you bear. C. Tell me what your name. D. Tell me what your name is. Ans: D (Explanation: Noun phrase 'your name' becomes noun clause 'what your name is'). 48. Find the compound form of the sentence, "If you do not move, you will die." [CU (A) 19-20] A. Move and die B. You cannot move and die. C. Move or die D. Let him move or he will die. Ans: C (Explanation: If + negative → Imperative + or). 49. He appeared at the examination but failed. Transform into complex sentence. [RU (B) 19-20] A. Though he appeared at the examination but failed. B. He was appeared at the examination but failed. C. Having he appeared at the examination but failed. D. Being he appeared at the examination but failed. Ans: A 50. What is the correct simple sentence of 'I know that Jim is an honest boy'? [RU (B) 18-19] A. I know Jim to be an honest boy. B. I know the reason of Jim's honesty. C. I know Jim to is an honest boy. D. I know Jim's honesty. Ans: A (Explanation: Noun clause 'that Jim is...' → Object + infinitive 'Jim to be...'). 51. You have done a mistake and I know it. (make it simple) [RU (B) 18-19] A. I know your mistake. B. I know the mistake that you have done. C. Do not do the mistake any more. D. Do you know your mistake? Ans: A 52. Ten years have passed since his father died. Make it simple. [RU (A1) 17-18] A. His father died since ten years. B. His father has died ten years ago. C. His father died ten years ago. D. His father has died for ten years. Ans: C 53. I know him. Correct complex sentence of this sentence is: [RU (B) 16-17] A. I know who was he. B. I know who he is. C. Who is he I know. D. I know what is he. Ans: B 54. Without doing you will die. The compound form of the sentence- [IU (H) 17-18] A. Do and then die B. Either do or die C. Du or you will die D. Do or die Ans: D (Explanation: Without + gerund → Imperative + or). 55. When we woke up, it was raining. (Make it simple) [RU (I) 16-17] A. At the time of his waking it was raining. B. He woke up and it was raining. C. He was wokeing up and it was raining. D. He was woke up and at the same time it was raining. Ans: A 56. The complex form of "They cried out at the top of their voice" is — [IU (B) 15-16] A. They cried out so loudly that their voice weakened. B. They cried out as highly as they expected. C. They cried out as loudly as they could. D. They cried out as loudly as was possible. Ans: C 57. "You must work hard to succeed" (into compound one) [JnU (D) 14-15] A. If you work hard you will not fail. B. You must work hard not for failing. C. You must work hard to avoid failing. D. You must work hard or you will fail. Ans: D 58. 'I do not know the cause of his silence.' Make it complex. [RU 09-10] A. I do not know why he is silent. B. I do not know why he was silent. C. I know nothing why he is silent. D. none. Ans: A Answers With Explanation:

PHRASE (শব্দগুচ্ছ) Part 1: Primary Discussion Phrase (শব্দগুচ্ছ): Phrase হলো কতকগুলো শব্দের সমষ্টি (a group of words) যাতে কোনো Subject  এবং Finite Verb  থাকে না। এটি বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে একটি মাত্র Parts of Speech  (যেমন Noun, Adjective, Adverb, etc.)-এর মতো কাজ করে। Example: The sun rises in the east . (এখানে "in the east" হলো Phrase, কারণ এতে Subject বা Finite verb নেই এবং এটি স্থান নির্দেশ করছে।) He is a man of letters . (এখানে "of letters" হলো Phrase, যা 'man' কে modify করছে।) Difference between Phrase & Clause: Feature Phrase Clause Subject & Verb থাকে না থাকে (Finite Verb আবশ্যক) Meaning আংশিক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে পূর্ণাঙ্গ বা আংশিক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে Function Single Part of Speech হিসেবে কাজ করে বাক্যের অংশ বা স্বাধীন বাক্য হতে পারে Part 2: Classification of Phrases কাজের ধরন অনুযায়ী Phrase প্রধানত সাত প্রকার : 1. Noun Phrase যে Phrase বাক্যে Noun -এর কাজ করে (অর্থাৎ Subject, Object বা Complement হিসেবে বসে), তাকে Noun Phrase বলে। Identification:  Verb-কে 'What'  (কী) বা 'Who'  (কে) দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তরে Noun Phrase পাওয়া যায়। Structure:  সাধারণত Noun-এর সাথে Article, Adjective বা Preposition যুক্ত হয়ে গঠিত হয়। Examples: To tell a lie  is a great sin. (Subject - What is a sin?) He likes reading books . (Object - What does he like?) I tried to solve the problem . 2. Adjective Phrase যে Phrase বাক্যে Adjective -এর কাজ করে (অর্থাৎ কোনো Noun বা Pronoun-কে modify করে), তাকে Adjective Phrase বলে। Identification:  এটি সর্বদা কোনো Noun-এর ঠিক পরে বসে সেই Noun সম্পর্কে তথ্য দেয়। Examples: The girl with blue eyes  is my sister. (Modifies 'girl') He is a man of great wealth . (Modifies 'man') The book on the table  is mine. 3. Adverbial Phrase যে Phrase বাক্যে Adverb -এর কাজ করে (অর্থাৎ Verb, Adjective বা Adverb-কে modify করে), তাকে Adverbial Phrase বলে। এটি সাধারণত স্থান, কাল, ধরন বা কারণ নির্দেশ করে। Identification:  Verb-কে Where, When, How, Why  দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। Types: Time:  He came at 10 a.m.  (When?) Place:  He was born in a small village . (Where?) Manner:  He fought in a brave manner . (How?) 4. Prepositional Phrase যে Phrase Preposition  দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং Noun/Pronoun  দিয়ে শেষ হয়, তাকে Prepositional Phrase বলে। Note:  বাক্যে ব্যবহারের ওপর ভিত্তি করে একটি Prepositional Phrase কখনো Adjective Phrase আবার কখনো Adverbial Phrase হতে পারে। Examples: He is in the room . (Adverbial - Place) The water of this river  is pure. (Adjective - Modifies 'water') Idiomatic Prepositional Phrases:  by dint of (বদৌলতে), in front of (সামনে), on account of (কারণে), for the sake of (জন্য)। 5. Verbal Phrase (Phrasal Verbs) Verb-এর সাথে Preposition বা Adverb যুক্ত হয়ে যখন ভিন্ন অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। Examples: The patient will come round  (আরোগ্য লাভ করা) soon. He gave up  (ত্যাগ করা) smoking. Please look into  (তদন্ত করা) the matter. 6. Conjunctional Phrase যে Phrase বাক্যে Conjunction -এর মতো দুটি word বা clause-কে যুক্ত করে। Examples: As soon as  the teacher entered, the students stood up. No sooner had  ... than . In order that , so that , as well as . 7. Interjectional Phrase যে Phrase মনের আকস্মিক আবেগ বা অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করে। Examples: Oh my God!  What have you done? What a pity!  He failed again. Part 3: Other Important Phrases A. Infinitive Phrase To + Verb (base form)  দিয়ে গঠিত Phrase। এটি বাক্যে Noun, Adjective বা Adverb-এর কাজ করতে পারে। Ex:  I like to swim in the river . (Noun phrase as object) B. Participial Phrase Present Participle (V+ing)  বা Past Participle (V3)  দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Phrase যা Adjective-এর কাজ করে। Ex:  I saw a bird flying in the sky . (Modifies 'bird') Ex:  The chair broken by him  is new. (Modifies 'chair') Part 4: Important Rules with Previous Questions Rule 01: Noun Phrase vs. Noun Clause যদি শব্দগুচ্ছে finite verb থাকে তবে তা Clause, না থাকলে Phrase। Ex:  I know where he lives . (Clause - verb 'lives' আছে) Ex:  I know his address . (Phrase - verb নেই) Rule 02: Adjective Phrase Identifying Trick Noun-এর ঠিক পরে বসে এবং 'Which one?' প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়। Ex:  The man in the room  is my uncle. (Which man? The one in the room.) Rule 03: Adverbial Phrase Identifying Trick Verb-এর অবস্থা বোঝায়। Ex:  He ran with great speed . (How ran? - With great speed.) Previous Years' Questions & Answers 01. Identify the underlined phrase: 'The man in the white shirt is my brother.' [DU-B] (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Verb phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  Phrase-টি 'The man' (noun)-এর পরে বসে তাকে নির্দিষ্ট করছে, তাই এটি Adjective phrase। 02. Which one is a Noun Phrase? [DU-A: 18-19] (A) a rolling stone (B) to tell a lie (C) in the long run (D) by dint of Ans: (B) Explanation:  'To tell a lie' বাক্যের Subject হতে পারে (e.g., To tell a lie  is a sin), তাই এটি Noun Phrase। 03. 'A man of letters' means— [32nd BCS] (A) A man who writes letters (B) A scholar (C) A postman (D) A writer Ans: (B) Explanation:  এটি একটি Idiomatic Phrase যার অর্থ 'পণ্ডিত ব্যক্তি'। 04. He ran at top speed. [CU-B: 21-22] (A) Adjective phrase (B) Noun phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Conjunctional phrase Ans: (C) Explanation:  'How he ran?' (কীভাবে দৌড়ালো) - এর উত্তর দেয়, তাই এটি Adverbial Phrase of Manner। 05. The girl with long hair is my cousin. [RU-E: 16-17] (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Verbal phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  'girl' Noun-কে মডিফাই করছে। Part 5: SELF TEST (Phrase) 01. Identify the phrase: He is a man of word. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (A)  ('Man'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 02. Walking in the morning is good for health. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (B)  (বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে বসেছে) 03. I have no money to spare. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Infinitive phrase Ans: (B)  (Money (Noun)-কে মডিফাই করছে; যদিও এটি infinitive দিয়ে গঠিত, কাজের ভিত্তিতে এটি Adjective phrase। অপশনে Adjective এবং Infinitive দুটোই থাকলে Adjective-এর কাজ করছে বলে Adjective দেয়াই শ্রেয়, তবে গঠনগতভাবে Infinitive। বইয়ের উত্তরে সাধারণত function-কে প্রাধান্য দেওয়া হয়।) 04. By working hard, you can succeed. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C)  (সফল হওয়ার উপায় বা শর্ত বোঝাচ্ছে - How? By working hard.) 05. He shouted at the top of his voice. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Conjunctional phrase Ans: (C)  (চিৎকার করার ধরন বোঝাচ্ছে।) 06. To win a prize is my ambition. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (A)  (বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে বসেছে।) 07. The book on the table is mine. (A) Adverbial phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Noun phrase (D) Verbial phrase Ans: (B)  (Book-কে নির্দিষ্ট করছে।) 08. He is out and out a gentleman. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C)  (Out and out = Thoroughly/সম্পূর্ণরূপে, যা gentleman হওয়ার মাত্রাকে বোঝাচ্ছে।) 09. We were waiting for the bus in the rain. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Conjunctional phrase Ans: (C)  (কোথায় অপেক্ষা করছিল? বৃষ্টিতে। Place/Condition.) 10. In spite of his poverty, he is honest. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C)  (Contrasting condition বোঝাচ্ছে - Adverbial Phrase. গঠনগতভাবে এটি Prepositional phrase হলেও ফাংশন Adverbial।) 1. He has been nominated the chief director of the company as he has — in the company. [JKKNIU (A) 15-16] a) a sleeping partner b) a lion heart c) a lion's share d) great courage Answer: c Explanation: To have 'a lion's share' of something (like shares in a company) means to have the largest part. 2. The new policy was adopted — fierce criticism. [JKKNIU (A) 15-16] a) in the teeth of b) in the hand of c) in the face of d) in the eyes of Answer: a Explanation: 'In the teeth of' means in spite of strong opposition. 3. Yesterday he had a — from a serious accident. [JnU (A) 15-16] a) narrow escape b) possibility c) danger d) chance Answer: a Explanation: A 'narrow escape' means one barely avoided a dangerous situation. 4. The phrase 'Over and again' means [MBSTU (D) 15-16] a) once more b) again c) wonderful d) once Answer: a Explanation: 'Over and again' means repeatedly. 'Once more' is the closest meaning among the options. 5. Fill in the blank: "-- his merit, he was given a prize." [BSMRSTU (B) 12-13] a) In spite of b) In view of c) In point of d) In the event of Answer: b Explanation: 'In view of' means considering or taking into account. 6. Students think for a bit before answering. Here 'a bit' means [RU (BBA) 09-10] a) a small amount b) a short time c) a large amount d) profoundly Answer: b Explanation: 'A bit' in this context means 'a short time'. 7. What is the synonym of the word 'blood-bath'? [RU (BBA) 07-08] a) blood b) massacre c) blonde d) massacre Answer: d Explanation: A 'bloodbath' is a 'massacre', a brutal slaughter of many people. 8. To leave no stone unturned means- [DU (B) 10-11] a) To remain idle b) To try in all possible ways c) To work hard d) To apply unfair means to achieve something Answer: b Explanation: 'To leave no stone unturned' means to try every possible means to achieve something. 9. The gift of the gab: [PUST (B) 12-13] a) a gift of nature b) agility c) a reward d) ability to speak easily Answer: d Explanation: 'The gift of the gab' is the ability to speak easily and persuasively. 10. What does the phrase mean: At one's wits' end? [JU (D) 13-14] a) Perplexed b) Clear up c) Explain d) Enlightened Answer: a Explanation: To be 'at one's wits' end' means to be completely puzzled or 'perplexed'. 11. At any cost [PUST (B) 12-13] a) at a heavy cost b) under any circumstances c) with full strength d) in an expensive way Answer: b Explanation: 'At any cost' means 'under any circumstances' or regardless of the price/effort. 12. Cool as a cucumber [PUST (B) 12-13] a) very hasty b) very dull c) very slow d) very calm and controlled Answer: d Explanation: 'Cool as a cucumber' means to be very calm and controlled, especially in difficult situations. 13. Do's and don'ts [HSTU (A) 13-14] a) disobedience b) restrictions c) instructions d) wisdom Answer: c Explanation: 'Dos and don'ts' are rules or 'instructions' about what one should and should not do. 14. First language [PUST (A) 13-14] a) Lingua franca b) Mother tongue c) English d) Official language Answer: b Explanation: A person's 'first language' is their native language or 'mother tongue'. 15. What is the opposite of 'Yellow Dog'? [RU (G) 16-17] a) great man b) unkind man c) hopeless man d) foolish man Answer: a Explanation: A 'yellow dog' is a cowardly or contemptible person, so the opposite would be a 'great man'. 16. The man was arrested — the murder of his wife. [BU (B) 11-12, (D) 14-15] a) in connection with b) in compliance with c) with reference to d) with regards to Answer: a Explanation: 'In connection with' means regarding or relating to. 17. The phrase 'to drive home' means- [JU (E2) 13-14, BU (A) 14-15] a) to find one's roots b) to return to the place of rest c) back to the original position d) to emphasize Answer: d Explanation: 'To drive something home' means 'to emphasize' a point so that it is clearly understood. 18. Choose the meaning of the idiom: Round table conference. [BU (B) 14-15] a) big public meeting b) well-attended seminar c) political or other discussion d) debating competition Answer: c Explanation: A 'round-table conference' is a meeting between parties/equals for discussion. 19. Choose the meaning of the idiom: Break the record. [BU (B) 14-15] a) destroy property b) do damage to property c) attempt impossible things d) do something that has not been done before Answer: d Explanation: 'To break a record' means to surpass a previous best achievement or do something unprecedented. 20. Our family is on very good terms with his family. Here 'good terms' means- [NU (Hons) 14-15] a) good conditions b) warm relationship c) give and take d) hospitality Answer: b Explanation: To be on 'good terms' means to have a good, friendly, or 'warm relationship'. 21. 'A slip of the tongue' means something is said — [JnU (C) 14-15] a) wrongly by choice b) unintentionally c) without giving proper thought d) to hurt another person Answer: b Explanation: 'A slip of the tongue' is a minor mistake in speech made 'unintentionally'. 22. The students wrote the essay in accordance with the instruction of their teacher. [BU (C) 13-14] a) accordance with b) accordingly c) in accordance to d) according to Answer: a Explanation: The correct phrase is 'in accordance with'. 23. I'm so mad at my friend. He was supposed to return the money he had borrowed from me but he stood me up. [CU (E) 13-14] a) forgot b) came without the money c) pretended he forgot d) kept me standing for a long time e) didn't come Answer: e Explanation: 'To stand someone up' means to fail to keep an appointment with them. 24. Men of light and leading supported the cause of our liberation. [RU (Accounting) 09-10] a) disrepute b) fanatic c) familiar d) renowned Answer: d Explanation: 'Men of light and leading' are eminent, influential, or 'renowned' people. 25. Rahim is every inch a gentleman. Here 'every inch' means — [RU (E-Marketing) 13-14] a) top to bottom b) heavily c) moderately d) roughly Answer: a Explanation: 'Every inch' means completely or in every respect; figuratively 'top to bottom'. 26. 'He could not believe his ears' means - [JnU (B) 13-14] a) incredulous b) deaf c) guilty d) hurt Answer: a Explanation: To not believe one's ears means to be 'incredulous' or unable to believe what one is hearing. 27. `.to the full' means: [RU (A, Arts) 13-14] a) to exhaust b) to complete c) thoroughly d) to the highest extent Answer: c Explanation: 'To the full' means completely or 'thoroughly'. 28. 'in his own way' means: [RU (A, Arts) 13-14] a) in the right way b) properly c) naturally d) according to his own desire Answer: d Explanation: 'In one's own way' means according to one's own methods or desires. 29. 'To lighten the atmosphere' means: [RU (A, Arts) 13-14] a) to remove darkness b) to bring light c) to ease a tense situation d) to make comedy out of a tragedy Answer: c Explanation: 'To lighten the atmosphere' means to make a situation less serious, tense, or formal. 30. We must— catch the 7:30 train. Otherwise we won't be able to reach the campus in time. [CU (C) 07-08] a) at once b) at best c) at all costs d) surely e) instantly Answer: c Explanation: 'At all costs' means by any means necessary or regardless of difficulty. 31. Choose the correct sentence. [বিসিএস-08] a) Quote this poem from memory. b) Quote this poem from the memory. c) Quote this poem from heart. d) Quote this poem from the heart. Answer: a Explanation: The correct idiom is 'from memory'. 'By heart' is also commonly used. 32. The idiom "Man does not live by bread alone" means: [DU (D) 04-05, BRUR (A) 10-11, IU (B) 10-11] a) Man needs water too b) Hunger is a relative concept c) Man needs other things too d) Man is never content Answer: c Explanation: This proverb means that people have spiritual, emotional, and artistic needs in addition to basic physical necessities. 33. Every time he lights a cigarette, I tell him it's another -- [বাংলাদেশ ব্যাংক-08] a) thorn in the flesh b) storm in a tea cup c) nail in his coffin d) spoke in his wheel Answer: c Explanation: 'A nail in one's coffin' is an action or event that contributes to someone's failure or death. 34. 'To make a clean breast of' means — [CU (E) 14-15] a) To gain prominence b) To praise oneself c) To confess without reserve d) to remain without tension Answer: c Explanation: 'To make a clean breast of' means to confess something fully and openly. 35. The good old days have gone --. [বিসিএস-08] a) never returned b) never to return c) never have returned d) never return Answer: b Explanation: 'Never to return' expresses a future certainty that something will not come back. 36. I don't think we have very much —; we are very different people. [CU (D) 12-13] a) together b) in common c) the same d) similar Answer: b Explanation: To 'have something in common' means to share interests or characteristics. 37. You'll fail in the exam, if you — from school. [বিসিএস-08] a) take to task b) put off c) put out d) play truant Answer: d Explanation: 'To play truant' means to be absent from school without permission. 38. — he is coming today. [বিসিএস-08] a) At length b) Ten to one c) At large d) All in all Answer: b Explanation: 'Ten to one' is an idiom meaning it is very likely or probable. 39. Make the correct interpretation of 'A tree is known by the fruit it bears.' [BU (B) 12-13] a) Evil can never be disguised. b) A person is known by his/her deeds. c) Only a fool would look for apples on a pear tree. d) Flower does not give a correct impression. Answer: b Explanation: This proverb means that a person is judged by their actions, results, or "fruit" rather than appearances. 40. 'Across the board' means — [CU (E) 14-15, (C) 17-18] a) travelling between countries b) everyone or everything is included c) from end to end/ face to face d) giving something across the table Answer: b Explanation: 'Across the board' means applying to all categories or members of a group. 41. A yellow suit with a yellow cap puts him over the top. Choose the correct meaning of 'over the top'. [SUST (A1) 14-15] a) Excessive b) On the bank c) on the top d) Look smart e) Benign Answer: a Explanation: 'Over the top' means excessive, exaggerated, or extreme. 42. At the spur of the moment [KU (B) 14-15] a) difficult moment b) without delay c) great moment d) beautiful moment Answer: b Explanation: 'On the spur of the moment' means suddenly, without planning; 'without delay'. 43. The last straw [KU (B) 14-15] a) a small amount of money b) very light thing c) last relative alive d) small but additional burden Answer: d Explanation: 'The last straw' is the final minor trouble or burden in a series that makes a situation unbearable. 44. Break the ice [KU (B) 14-15] a) to do something with courage b) to speak first after long silence c) to win a prize d) to win someone's heart Answer: b 45. No one knew what to say, but at last I broke the ice. 'To break the ice' means [বিসিএস-09] a) to crack the ice b) to start quarreling c) to start a conversation d) to end the hostility Answer: c 46. To break the ice [BU (D) 12-13, বিসিএস-14] a) to predict good weather b) to come closer to the truth c) to achieve the impossible d) to be the first to begin Answer: d 47. To break the ice এর সমার্থক কোনটি? [CU (B) 02-03] a) বরফ ভাঙ্গা b) সম্পর্কচ্ছেদ করা c) সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করা d) নীরবতা ভঙ্গ করা Answer: d Explanation: 'To break the ice' means to initiate social interaction or start a conversation (নীরবতা ভঙ্গ করা). 48. To play the sedulous ape is - [BU (B) 12-13] a) to imitate a person closely b) to jump about c) to play with an ape d) to play foul Answer: a Explanation: 'To play the sedulous ape' means to imitate someone's style or mannerisms slavishly and diligently. 49. To catch one's eye [BU (B) 12-13] a) to pay attention b) to reconsider c) to overlook d) to attract attention Answer: d Explanation: 'To catch one's eye' means 'to attract attention'. 50. 'Down-to-earth' means- [IU (BBA) 14-15] a) realistic b) unartistic c) earthly d) worldly Answer: a Explanation: 'Down-to-earth' means practical, sensible, and 'realistic'. 51. He came off with flying colours. The underlined words mean - [JnU (D) 14-15] a) to go away b) to be happy c) successfully d) with colourful flags Answer: c Explanation: 'To come off with flying colours' means to succeed brilliantly. 52. It doesn't matter how you solve the problem. What is important is you solve it by hook or by crook. [BSMRSTU (G) 15-16] a) in any way possible b) without any problem c) with the help of others d) in a relaxed manner Answer: a Explanation: 'By hook or by crook' means by any possible means, fair or unfair. 53. Which of the following is correct? [JnU (D) 14-15] a) black and white b) black and blue c) black or blue d) black or white Answer: a Explanation: 'Black and white' is a common idiom meaning in writing or print. 54. You are a bad egg. Here 'bad egg' means- [BSMRSTU (G) 15-16] a) worthless b) not fresh c) spoiled d) good for nothing Answer: a Explanation: A 'bad egg' is a dishonest or untrustworthy person; often used to mean 'worthless' or bad character. 55. A person who is 'chicken-hearted' is- [RU (D, Law) 15-16] a) kind-hearted b) timid c) hard-hearted d) generous Answer: b Explanation: 'Chicken-hearted' means cowardly or 'timid'. 56. The rich man was brought up with a silver spoon in his mouth. [RU (A) 15-16] a) Born in a poor family b) Born with a disease c) Born in a rich family d) Born at night Answer: c Explanation: To be 'born with a silver spoon in one's mouth' means to be born into wealth. 57. The expression 'take into account' means- [RU (C, Law) 15-16] a) count numbers b) consider c) assess d) think seriously Answer: b Explanation: 'To take into account' means to 'consider' particular facts or circumstances. 58. He is an old hand at teaching English. Here 'an old hand' means- [BSMRSTU (A) 15-16] a) an old man b) an experienced person c) an expert d) a retired person Answer: b Explanation: 'An old hand' at something is a person with a lot of experience in it. 59. I have no axe to grind. The underlined phrase means- [BSMRSTU (C) 15-16] a) have a selfish motive b) have a dull axe c) have a sharp axe d) have a personal interest Answer: d Explanation: 'To have an axe to grind' means to have a private reason or 'personal interest' for doing something, often a selfish one. 60. Choose the correct use of idiom. [JnU (A) 15-16] a) He is such a bad guy whom I hate from the core of my heart. b) She is such a bad girl whom I hate from the core of my heart. c) He is such a bad guy whom I hate from the bottom of my heart. d) He is such a bad guy whom I love from the bottom of my heart. Answer: c Explanation: The standard idiom is "from the bottom of my heart" (typically used for love or thanks, but here used for intensity). 61. 'A bed of roses' means- [BRUR (F) 14-15] a) a very soft bed b) a comfortable situation c) a beautiful garden d) an enjoyable state Answer: b Explanation: 'A bed of roses' refers to an easy, comfortable situation or life. 62. My father has done his best to bring up his children. Here 'bring up' means - [JnU (B) 14-15] a) educate b) feed c) rear d) grow Answer: c Explanation: 'To bring up' means to care for and raise children (rear). 63. The man is on the wrong track of life. 'On the wrong track' means- [BSMRSTU (D) 15-16] a) on the wrong path b) doing something that is unlikely to succeed c) going on the wrong way d) being on the wrong side Answer: b Explanation: To be 'on the wrong track' means to be acting in a way that is likely to fail or be incorrect. 64. We must not give a cold shoulder to the newcomers. [CU (A1) 14-15] a) abuse them b) hate them c) ignore them d) scold them Answer: c Explanation: To 'give someone the cold shoulder' means to intentionally ignore or be unfriendly to them. 65. What does 'black market' mean? [MBSTU (B) 14-15] a) illegal trafficking b) a dark market c) an open market d) a cheap market Answer: a Explanation: 'Black market' refers to the illegal trade or 'trafficking' of goods. 66. I don't feel like talking to you. Here 'feel like' means- [BSMRSTU (A) 15-16] a) dislike b) wish c) hate d) love Answer: b Explanation: 'To feel like' doing something means to have a 'wish' or desire to do it. 67. 'The pros and cons' means- [RU (C, Law) 15-16] a) good and bad b) merits and demerits c) for and against a thing d) all of the above Answer: d Explanation: 'Pros and cons' refers to the advantages and disadvantages (merits/demerits, for/against) of something. 68. 'To see eye to eye' means- [RU (D, Law) 15-16] a) stare fixedly b) be angry c) take revenge d) agree Answer: d Explanation: 'To see eye to eye' means to be in full agreement. 69. Please keep in mind that I am not a native speaker of English. Here 'keep in mind' means- [BSMRSTU (G) 15-16] a) remember b) forget c) memorize d) ignore Answer: a Explanation: 'To keep in mind' means to 'remember' or consider.

Phrase and Clause Part 1: Primary Discussion Clause (বাক্যাংশ): Clause হলো বাক্যের একটি অংশ যার নিজস্ব Subject  এবং Finite Verb  থাকে এবং যা একটি বৃহত্তর বাক্যের অংশ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  I know that he is honest . (এখানে "that he is honest" একটি Clause, কারণ এর নিজস্ব subject 'he' এবং finite verb 'is' আছে।) Phrase (শব্দগুচ্ছ): Phrase হলো কতকগুলো শব্দের সমষ্টি (group of words) যাতে কোনো Subject  এবং Finite Verb  থাকে না এবং যা বাক্যে একটি মাত্র Parts of Speech (যেমন Noun, Adjective, Adverb) হিসেবে কাজ করে। Ex:  He is a man of great wealth . *(এখানে "of great wealth" একটি Phrase, কারণ এতে কোনো verb নেই এবং এটি 'man' noun-কে modify করছে।) Difference between Clause & Phrase: Feature Clause Phrase Subject & Verb থাকে (Finite Verb আবশ্যক) থাকে না Function বাক্যের অংশ বা স্বাধীন বাক্য হতে পারে সর্বদা বাক্যের অংশ (Parts of Speech) হিসেবে কাজ করে Example He came when it was raining . He came in the rain . Part 2: Classification & Important Rules A. CLAUSE Clause প্রধানত তিন প্রকার: Principal / Independent Clause:  যে Clause অন্য কোনো Clause-এর সাহায্য ছাড়া স্বাধীনভাবে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে। Ex:   I have a cow  which is red. Subordinate / Dependent Clause:  যে Clause স্বাধীনভাবে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না এবং অর্থ প্রকাশের জন্য Principal Clause-এর ওপর নির্ভরশীল। এটি সাধারণত Subordinating Conjunction (who, which, that, if, because, though ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা শুরু হয়। Ex:  I have a cow which is red . Coordinate Clause:  যখন দুই বা ততোধিক সমজাতীয় (Principal) Clause কোনো Coordinating Conjunction (and, but, or) দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে। Ex:   He is poor but he is honest . Subordinate Clause আবার তিন প্রকার: (i) Noun Clause:  বাক্যে Noun-এর কাজ করে (Subject বা Object হিসেবে)। চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'what' (কী) দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তর পাওয়া যায়। Ex:  I know where he lives . (Object) Ex:   That he is honest  is known to all. (Subject) (ii) Adjective Clause:  বাক্যে Adjective-এর কাজ করে। এটি কোনো Noun/Pronoun-এর পরে বসে তাকে মডিফাই করে। চেনার উপায়:  Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং এর আগে একটি Antecedent (Noun) থাকে। Ex:  I know the man who came here . ('man'-কে মডিফাই করছে) Ex:  This is the book which I lost . (iii) Adverbial Clause:  বাক্যে Adverb-এর কাজ করে। এটি verb-এর সময়, স্থান, কারণ, শর্ত ইত্যাদি নির্দেশ করে। চেনার উপায়:  when, where, if, though, because, so that ইত্যাদি দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে। Ex:  Wait until I come . (Time) Ex:   If you work hard , you will shine. (Condition) Part 3: Self Practice with Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. 'That he is honest is known to all.' The underlined clause is a— [DU-B: 10-11] (A) Adjective clause (B) Noun clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (B) Explanation:  Clause-টি বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং 'it' দ্বারা replace করা যায় (It is known to all), তাই এটি Noun Clause। 02. The man who came here yesterday is my brother. The underlined part is a— [DU-D: 15-16] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  Clause-টি 'The man' (Antecedent)-কে মডিফাই করছে, তাই এটি Adjective Clause। 03. Strike the iron while it is hot. [DU-C: 08-09] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C) Explanation:  'While' দ্বারা সময় (Time) নির্দেশ করছে, তাই এটি Adverbial Clause of Time। 04. Which one is a Noun Phrase? [DU-A: 18-19] (A) a rolling stone (B) to tell a lie (C) in the long run (D) by dint of Ans: (B) Explanation:  'To tell a lie' বাক্যের Subject হতে পারে (e.g., To tell a lie is a sin), তাই এটি Noun Phrase। Other University Questions 01. I know where he lives. The underlined clause is— [JU-A: 19-20] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A) Explanation:  know verb-এর object হিসেবে বসেছে (What do I know? -> where he lives)। 02. The girl with long hair is my cousin. [RU-E: 16-17] (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Verbal phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  Phrase-টি 'girl' noun-কে মডিফাই করছে, তাই এটি Adjective Phrase। 03. He ran at top speed. [CU-B: 21-22] (A) Adjective phrase (B) Noun phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Conjunctional phrase Ans: (C) Explanation:  'How he ran?' প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়, তাই এটি Adverbial Phrase। 04. 'A man of letters' means— [32nd BCS] (A) A man who writes letters (B) A scholar (C) A postman (D) A writer Ans: (B) Explanation:  এটি একটি Idiomatic Adjective Phrase যার অর্থ 'পণ্ডিত ব্যক্তি'। Part 4: SELF TEST 01. Identify the clause: I know the place where he was born. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Coordinate clause Ans: (B)  (Antecedent 'the place'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 02. What he says is true. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A)  (Subject হিসেবে বসেছে) 03. He is a man of word. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (A)  ('Man'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 04. He came when I was there. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Relative clause Ans: (C)  (সময় নির্দেশ করছে) 05. Walking in the morning is good for health. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (B)  (Subject হিসেবে বসেছে) 06. We read that we may learn. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (C)  (উদ্দেশ্য/Purpose নির্দেশ করছে) 07. I have no money to spare. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Infinitive phrase Ans: (B)  (Money-কে মডিফাই করছে) 08. By working hard, you can succeed. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C)  (Condition/Method নির্দেশ করছে) 09. This is the house that Jack built. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Coordinate clause Ans: (B)  (Antecedent 'house'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 10. Tell me who told you this. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A)  (tell verb-এর object হিসেবে বসেছে) B. PHRASE Phrase প্রধানত সাত প্রকার (কাজের ভিত্তিতে): (i) Noun Phrase:  বাক্যে Noun-এর মতো কাজ করে (Subject/Object হিসেবে)। Ex:   To tell a lie  is a great sin. (Subject) Ex:  He likes reading books . (Object) (ii) Adjective Phrase:  বাক্যে Adjective-এর মতো কাজ করে (Noun-কে মডিফাই করে)। Ex:  The girl with blue eyes  is my sister. (Modifies 'girl') Ex:  He is a man of letters . (বিদ্বান ব্যক্তি) (iii) Adverbial Phrase:  বাক্যে Adverb-এর মতো কাজ করে (Verb-কে মডিফাই করে)। Ex:  He ran with great speed . (Manner - How?) Ex:  He was born in 1990 . (Time - When?) (iv) Prepositional Phrase:  Preposition দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং Noun phrase দিয়ে শেষ হয়। Ex:  He is in the room . Ex:  The book is on the table . (v) Verbal Phrase:  Verb এবং অন্যান্য শব্দ মিলে গঠিত হয় (অনেক সময় Phrasal Verb হিসেবে পরিচিত)। Ex:  The patient will come round  (আরোগ্য লাভ করা) soon. (vi) Conjunctional Phrase:  Conjunction-এর মতো কাজ করে। Ex:   As soon as  he saw me, he ran away. (vii) Interjectional Phrase:  আবেগ প্রকাশ করে। Ex:   Oh my God!  What a surprise. Part 3: Self Practice with Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. 'That he is honest is known to all.' The underlined clause is a— [DU-B: 10-11] (A) Adjective clause (B) Noun clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (B) Explanation:  Clause-টি বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং 'it' দ্বারা replace করা যায় (It is known to all), তাই এটি Noun Clause। 02. The man who came here yesterday is my brother. The underlined part is a— [DU-D: 15-16] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  Clause-টি 'The man' (Antecedent)-কে মডিফাই করছে, তাই এটি Adjective Clause। 03. Strike the iron while it is hot. [DU-C: 08-09] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C) Explanation:  'While' দ্বারা সময় (Time) নির্দেশ করছে, তাই এটি Adverbial Clause of Time। 04. Which one is a Noun Phrase? [DU-A: 18-19] (A) a rolling stone (B) to tell a lie (C) in the long run (D) by dint of Ans: (B) Explanation:  'To tell a lie' বাক্যের Subject হতে পারে (e.g., To tell a lie is a sin), তাই এটি Noun Phrase। Other University Questions 01. I know where he lives. The underlined clause is— [JU-A: 19-20] (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A) Explanation:  know verb-এর object হিসেবে বসেছে (What do I know? -> where he lives)। 02. The girl with long hair is my cousin. [RU-E: 16-17] (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Verbal phrase Ans: (B) Explanation:  Phrase-টি 'girl' noun-কে মডিফাই করছে, তাই এটি Adjective Phrase। 03. He ran at top speed. [CU-B: 21-22] (A) Adjective phrase (B) Noun phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Conjunctional phrase Ans: (C) Explanation:  'How he ran?' প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেয়, তাই এটি Adverbial Phrase। 04. 'A man of letters' means— [32nd BCS] (A) A man who writes letters (B) A scholar (C) A postman (D) A writer Ans: (B) Explanation:  এটি একটি Idiomatic Adjective Phrase যার অর্থ 'পণ্ডিত ব্যক্তি'। Part 4: SELF TEST 01. Identify the clause: I know the place where he was born. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Coordinate clause Ans: (B)  (Antecedent 'the place'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 02. What he says is true. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A)  (Subject হিসেবে বসেছে) 03. He is a man of word. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (A)  ('Man'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 04. He came when I was there. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Relative clause Ans: (C)  (সময় নির্দেশ করছে) 05. Walking in the morning is good for health. (A) Adjective Phrase (B) Noun Phrase (C) Adverbial Phrase (D) Verb Phrase Ans: (B)  (Subject হিসেবে বসেছে) 06. We read that we may learn. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (C)  (উদ্দেশ্য/Purpose নির্দেশ করছে) 07. I have no money to spare. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Infinitive phrase Ans: (B)  (Money-কে মডিফাই করছে) 08. By working hard, you can succeed. (A) Noun phrase (B) Adjective phrase (C) Adverbial phrase (D) Prepositional phrase Ans: (C)  (Condition/Method নির্দেশ করছে) 09. This is the house that Jack built. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Coordinate clause Ans: (B)  (Antecedent 'house'-কে মডিফাই করছে) 10. Tell me who told you this. (A) Noun clause (B) Adjective clause (C) Adverbial clause (D) Principal clause Ans: (A)  (tell verb-এর object হিসেবে বসেছে)

PREPOSITION PREPOSITION Primary Discussion Preposition  (পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়) শব্দটির pre  অর্থ পূর্বে এবং position  অর্থ অবস্থান। অর্থাৎ, যে word কোনো noun বা pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে সেই noun বা pronoun এর সাথে বাক্যের অন্য word এর সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে তাকে preposition বলে। Ex:  The book is on  the table. (এখানে 'on' শব্দটি table (noun) এর পূর্বে বসে book এর সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করেছে।) Ex:  He goes to  school. Important Rules with Previous Questions 1. Classification of Prepositions Preposition কে গঠন ও কার্যের ভিত্তিতে ছয় ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়: Simple Preposition:  একটি মাত্র word দ্বারা গঠিত preposition. Examples:  at, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, out, through, till, to, up, with. Double Preposition:  দুটি simple preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যখন একটির ন্যায় কাজ করে। Examples:  into (in+to), within (with+in), onto (on+to), out of, upon (up+on). Compound Preposition:  Noun, Adjective বা Adverb এর পূর্বে simple preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যে preposition গঠিত হয়। (সাধারণত 'on' এর স্থলে 'a' এবং 'by' এর স্থলে 'be' হয়)। Examples:  about (on+by+out), above (on+by+up), across (on+cross), along (on+long), behind (by+hind), below (by+low), between (by+twain), beyond (by+yond). Phrase Preposition:  দুই বা ততোধিক word একত্রে মিলে যদি একটি preposition এর মতো কাজ করে। Examples:  in front of, in spite of, in lieu of, in order to, on account of, by dint of, for the sake of. Participial Preposition:  Present participle (verb+ing) বা Past participle যখন preposition এর মতো কাজ করে। Examples:  considering, concerning, regarding, judging, pending, past, respected. Ex:   Considering  his age, he is pardoned. Disguised Preposition:  অনেক সময় on, at, of, per প্রভৃতি preposition গুলো সরাসরি ব্যবহৃত না হয়ে a বা o আকারে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এদের disguised preposition বলে। Ex:  It is 10 o 'clock (o = of). Ex:  He went a  hunting (a = on). General Uses of Prepositions AT এর ব্যবহার: ছোট স্থান বা শহরের আগে: at  Chawkbazar, at  Cumilla. নির্দিষ্ট সময় বোঝাতে: at  5 pm, at  10 o'clock. বয়স বোঝাতে: at  the age of 20. দিকে বোঝাতে: Look at  him. Aim at  the bird. মাত্রা বা গতি বোঝাতে: at  full speed. অবস্থা বোঝাতে: at  war, at  peace. IN এর ব্যবহার: বড় স্থান, দেশ বা মহাদেশের আগে: in  Dhaka, in  Bangladesh, in  Asia. মাস বা বছরের আগে: in  May, in  2023. ঋতুর আগে: in  winter. দীর্ঘ সময় বা ব্যাপক সময় বোঝাতে: in  the morning. অবস্থা বা মাধ্যম বোঝাতে: in  English, in  a hurry. ON এর ব্যবহার: কোনো কিছুর উপর স্পর্শ করে আছে বোঝালে: The book is on  the table. বার বা তারিখের আগে: on  Sunday, on  the 15th August. নদীর তীরে বোঝালে: Dhaka stands on  the Buriganga. নির্ভরশীলতা বোঝাতে: We live on  rice. TO এর ব্যবহার: কোনো দিকে গতি বোঝালে: He goes to  school. পর্যন্ত বোঝালে: from head to  foot. প্রতি বা কাছে বোঝালে: Write a letter to  him. অনুপাত বোঝাতে: They won by 3 to  2 goals. FOR এর ব্যবহার: জন্য বোঝাতে: This pen is for  you. কারণ বোঝাতে: I couldn't go for  illness. সময়ের ব্যাপ্তি বোঝাতে (Period of time): He has been reading for  two hours. গন্তব্য বোঝাতে: He left for  Dhaka. FROM এর ব্যবহার: কোনো স্থান হতে বোঝালে: He came from  London. কোনো সময় হতে বোঝালে: from  morning to evening. উৎস বোঝাতে: Apples come from  Kashmir. মুক্তি বা বিরত থাকা বোঝাতে: free from  danger, abstain from  smoking. OF এর ব্যবহার: মালিকানা বা অধিকার বোঝাতে: The house of  Mr. Khan. উপকরণ বোঝাতে: The ring is made of  gold. সম্পর্কে বা বিষয়ে বোঝাতে: I know nothing of  it. কারণ বোঝাতে: He died of  cholera. BY এর ব্যবহার: পাশে বোঝাতে: He sat by  me. মাধ্যম বা উপায় বোঝাতে (যানবাহন): by  bus, by  train. নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে বোঝাতে: He will come by  5 pm. পরিমাপ বোঝাতে: The room is 10 feet by  12 feet. Passive voice-এ doer বোঝাতে: Done by  him. WITH এর ব্যবহার: সাথে বোঝাতে: I live with  my brother. কোনো বস্তু বা যন্ত্র দ্বারা কাজ করা বোঝালে: He killed the snake with  a stick. BETWEEN & AMONG এর ব্যবহার: দুইয়ের মধ্যে বোঝালে: Divide the mangoes between  two brothers. দুইয়ের অধিকের মধ্যে বোঝালে: Divide the mangoes among  the boys. SINCE & FOR এর ব্যবহার: নির্দিষ্ট সময় (Point of time) বোঝালে: It has been raining since  morning. সময়ের ব্যাপ্তি (Period of time) বোঝালে: It has been raining for  two hours. BY & WITH এর পার্থক্য: ব্যক্তি বা প্রাণীর দ্বারা কাজ হলে by  বসে। (The tiger was killed by  the hunter). জড় বস্তু বা যন্ত্রের দ্বারা কাজ হলে with  বসে। (The tiger was killed with  a gun). IN & INTO এর পার্থক্য: স্থিতিশীল বা ভিতরে অবস্থান বোঝালে in  বসে। (He is in  the room). বাইরে থেকে ভিতরে গতি বোঝালে into  বসে। (He entered into  the room). Note: 'Enter' এর পর সাধারণত preposition বসে না, তবে কোনো চুক্তি বা আলোচনায় প্রবেশ বোঝালে 'enter into' বসে।  (Common error: He walked into  the room). ON & OVER & ABOVE এর পার্থক্য: স্পর্শ করে উপরে থাকলে: on  (The pen is on  the table). স্পর্শ না করে সরাসরি উপরে থাকলে: above  (The fan is above  my head). গতিশীল অবস্থায় উপরে বা আড়াআড়িভাবে থাকলে: over  (The bird flew over  the head). Appropriate Prepositions (Alphabetical List) নিচে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Appropriate Preposition এর তালিকা দেওয়া হলো: A Abide by  (মেনে চলা): We should abide by  the rules. Abound in  (প্রচুর পরিমাণে থাকা): Fish abounds in  this pond. Abound with  (পূর্ণ থাকা): The river abounds with  fish. Absent from  (অনুপস্থিত): He was absent from  the meeting. Absorbed in  (মগ্ন): He is absorbed in  thought. Abstain from  (বিরত থাকা): We should abstain from  smoking. Access to  (প্রবেশাধিকার): I have no access to  the rich man. Accused of  (অভিযুক্ত): He is accused of  theft. Accustomed to  (অভ্যস্ত): He is accustomed to  hard labor. Addicted to  (আসক্ত - মন্দ কাজে): He is addicted to  gambling. Adhere to  (লেগে থাকা): You should adhere to  your principle. Adjacent to  (সংলগ্ন): The school is adjacent to  the mosque. Affection for  (স্নেহ): I have affection for  him. Afraid of  (ভীত): He is afraid of  snakes. Agree with  (ব্যক্তির সাথে একমত হওয়া): I agree with  you. Agree to  (প্রস্তাবে রাজি হওয়া): He agreed to  my proposal. Aim at  (লক্ষ্য করা): He aimed at  the bird. Alarmed at  (আতঙ্কিত): We were alarmed at  the news. Alternative to  (বিকল্প): There is no alternative to  hard work. Ambition for  (উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা): He has no ambition for  fame. Angry with  (ব্যক্তির সাথে রাগান্বিত): He is angry with  me. Angry at  (আচরণে রাগান্বিত): He is angry at  my conduct. Annoyed with  (কারো প্রতি বিরক্ত): I was annoyed with  him. Annoyed at  (কোনো কিছুতে বিরক্ত): I was annoyed at  his behavior. Anxious about  (উদ্বিগ্ন): He is anxious about  his result. Apologize to  (কারো কাছে ক্ষমা চাওয়া): He apologized to  me. Apologize for  (কোনো কিছুর জন্য ক্ষমা চাওয়া): He apologized for  his mistake. Appetite for  (ক্ষুধা/আকাঙ্ক্ষা): He has no appetite for  food. Apply to  (কারো কাছে আবেদন করা): He applied to  the Principal. Apply for  (কোনো কিছুর জন্য আবেদন করা): He applied for  the post. Appoint to  (নিয়োগ করা): He was appointed to  the post. Appropriate for  (উপযুক্ত): The book is appropriate for  you. Approve of  (অনুমোদন দেওয়া): He approved of  my plan. Argue with  (তর্ক করা - ব্যক্তির সাথে): Don't argue with  me. Arrive at  (পৌঁছানো - ছোট স্থানে): We arrived at  the station. Ashamed of  (লজ্জিত): He is ashamed of  his conduct. Ask for  ( চাওয়া): He asked for  money. Assign to  (ন্যস্ত করা): The task was assigned to  him. Associate with  (মেলামেশা করা): Don't associate with  bad boys. Assure of  (নিশ্চয়তা দেওয়া): I assured him of  help. Astonished at  (বিস্মিত হওয়া): I was astonished at  his courage. Attach to  (জুড়ে দেওয়া): Attach the file to  the email. Attend to  (মনোযোগ দেওয়া): Attend to  your lesson. Attend on  (সেবা করা): The nurse attends on  the patient. Authority over  (কর্তৃত্ব): He has no authority over  me. Avail of  (সুযোগ নেওয়া): Avail yourself of  the opportunity. Aware of  (সচেতন): He is aware of  the fact. B Bad at  (অদক্ষ): He is bad at  tennis. Bark at  (ঘেউ ঘেউ করা): The dog barked at  the stranger. Based on  (ভিত্তি করে): The movie is based on  a true story. Beg for  (প্রার্থনা করা): He begged for  mercy. Believe in  (বিশ্বাস করা): I believe in  Allah. Belong to  (অধিকারভুক্ত হওয়া): This pen belongs to  me. Beneficial to  (উপকারী): Exercise is beneficial to  health. Bent on  (ঝোঁক): He is bent on  doing this. Beware of  (সতর্ক হওয়া): Beware of  pickpockets. Blind of  (অন্ধ - চোখে): He is blind of  one eye. Blind to  (দেখেও না দেখা - দোষের প্রতি): He is blind to  his son's fault. Boast of  (গর্ব করা): Do not boast of  your wealth. Born of  (জন্মানো): He was born of  poor parents. Bound for  (যাত্রাপথে): The ship is bound for  London. Busy with  (ব্যস্ত): He is busy with  his work. C Call at  (কোনো স্থানে দেখা করা): He called at  my office. Call for  (চাওয়া/প্রয়োজন হওয়া): The situation calls for  immediate action. Call in  (ডেকে পাঠানো): Call in  a doctor. Call on  (কারো সাথে দেখা করা): He called on  me. Capable of  (সক্ষম): He is capable of  doing this. Care for  (গ্রাহ্য করা): I do not care for  you. Care of  (যত্ন নেওয়া): Take care of  your health. Careful of/about  (যত্নবান): Be careful of  your money. Cause of  (কারণ): What is the cause of  the accident? Certain of  (নিশ্চিত): He is certain of  success. Charge with  (অভিযুক্ত করা): He was charged with  theft. Close to  (কাছাকাছি): The school is close to  our house. Clue to  (সূত্র): Give me a clue to  the mystery. Come of  (জন্মানো): He comes of  a noble family. Compare with  (সমজাতীয় কিছুর তুলনা): Compare Nazrul with  Shelley. Compare to  (অসম বস্তুর তুলনা): Anger is compared to  fire. Compete with  (প্রতিযোগিতা করা): I cannot compete with  him. Complain to  (কারো কাছে অভিযোগ করা): He complained to  the teacher. Complain against  (কারো বিরুদ্ধে অভিযোগ করা): He complained against  Rina. Composed of  (গঠিত): Water is composed of  hydrogen and oxygen. Concentrate on  (মনোনিবেশ করা): Concentrate on  your studies. Confident of  (আস্থাশীল): He is confident of  his success. Congratulate on  (অভিনন্দন জানানো): I congratulated him on  his success. Conscious of  (সচেতন): He is conscious of  his duty. Consist of  (গঠিত হওয়া - উপাদান): The team consists of  11 players. Consult with  (পরামর্শ করা): Consult with  a doctor. Contrary to  (বিপরীত): This is contrary to  the rules. Contribute to  (অবদান রাখা): Education contributes to  the development. Control over  (নিয়ন্ত্রণ): He has no control over  his son. Count on/upon  (নির্ভর করা): You can count on  my help. Cure of  (আরোগ্য হওয়া): He was cured of  the disease. D Deal in  (ব্যবসা করা): He deals in  rice. Deal with  (আচরণ করা/আলোচনা করা): He deals well with  the customers. The book deals with  history. Dedicate to  (উৎসর্গ করা): He dedicated his life to  the service of nation. Depend on/upon  (নির্ভর করা): Success depends on  hard work. Deprive of  (বঞ্চিত করা): He was deprived of  his rights. Desire for  (আকাঙ্ক্ষা): He has no desire for  fame. Desirous of  (ইচ্ছুক): He is desirous of  going abroad. Despair of  (হতাশ হওয়া): Don't despair of  success. Devote to  (মনোনিবেশ করা): He devoted himself to  study. Die of  (রোগে মারা যাওয়া): He died of  cancer. Die from  (অতিরিক্ত কোনো কারণে মারা যাওয়া): He died from  overeating. Die for  (দেশের জন্য মারা যাওয়া): He died for  his country. Die by  (দুর্ঘটনা/বিষপানে মারা যাওয়া): He died by  poison. Differ from  (ভিন্ন হওয়া): This pen differs from  that one. Differ with  (ভিন্নমত পোষণ করা): I differ with  you on this point. Different from  (ভিন্ন): My book is different from  yours. Disgrace to  (কলঙ্ক): He is a disgrace to  his family. Displeased with  (অসন্তুষ্ট - ব্যক্তির সাথে): He is displeased with  me. Dispose of  (মীমাংসা করা/বিক্রয় করা): Dispose of  the matter. Distinguish between  (পার্থক্য করা): Distinguish between  right and wrong. Divide into  (ভাগ করা): Divide the apple into  two halves. Dream of  (স্বপ্ন দেখা): I dream of  a happy life. Dull at  (কাঁচা): He is dull at  mathematics. E Eager for  (আগ্রহী): He is eager for  the prize. Eligible for  (যোগ্য): He is eligible for  the post. End in  (পর্যবসিত হওয়া): All his plans ended in  smoke. Engaged in  (নিয়োজিত - কাজে): He is engaged in  writing. Engaged to  (বাগদত্ত): She is engaged to  John. Enquire of  (জিজ্ঞাসা করা): He enquired of  me about the matter. Enquire into  (তদন্ত করা): The police enquired into  the case. Envious of  (ঈর্ষান্বিত): Don't be envious of  others. Escape from  (পালানো): The prisoner escaped from  the jail. Essential to  (অত্যাবশ্যক): Health is essential to  happiness. Excel in  (দক্ষ হওয়া): He excels in  painting. Exception to  (ব্যতিক্রম): There is an exception to  every rule. Exchange for  (বিনিময় করা): I exchanged my watch for  a camera. Excuse for  (অজুহাত): He showed an excuse for  his absence. Exempt from  (রেহাই দেওয়া): He was exempted from  the fine. Expert at/in  (দক্ষ): He is expert in  English / at  drawing. Exposure to  (অনাবৃত থাকা): Exposure to  sun is bad for skin. F Faith in  (বিশ্বাস): I have faith in  Allah. Faithful to  (বিশ্বস্ত): The dog is faithful to  its master. Familiar with  (পরিচিত - ব্যক্তি): I am familiar with  him. Familiar to  (পরিচিত - বিষয়): His name is familiar to  me. Famous for  (বিখ্যাত): Rajshahi is famous for  mangoes. Fatal to  (মারাত্মক): Smoking is fatal to  health. Feed on  ( খেয়ে বেঁচে থাকা): The cow feeds on  grass. Feel for  (অনুভব করা): He feels for  the poor. Fit for  (উপযুক্ত): He is fit for  the job. Fond of  (প্রিয়): He is fond of  sweets. Free from  (মুক্ত): He is free from  debt. Full of  (পূর্ণ): The glass is full of  water. G Get at  (নাগাল পাওয়া): The fox could not get at  the grapes. Get over  (অতিক্রম করা/কাটিয়ে ওঠা): He got over  the difficulty. Glad at  (আনন্দিত): I am glad at  your success. Glance at  (একনজর দেখা): He glanced at  me. Good at  (দক্ষ): He is good at  English. Grateful to  (কৃতজ্ঞ - ব্যক্তির প্রতি): I am grateful to  you. Grateful for  (কৃতজ্ঞ - উপকারের জন্য): I am grateful for  your help. Guilty of  (দোষী): He is guilty of  murder. H Hanker after  (লালায়িত হওয়া): Do not hanker after  wealth. Hard of  (কানে খাটো): He is hard of  hearing. Heir to  (উত্তরাধিকারী): He is heir to  the property. Hint at  (ইঙ্গিত করা): He hinted at  the matter. Hope for  (আশা করা): Hope for  the best. Hostile to  (শত্রুভাবাপন্ন): He is hostile to  me. Hungry for  (ক্ষুধার্ত/লালায়িত): He is hungry for  fame. I Ignorant of  (অজ্ঞ): He is ignorant of  this rule. Ill with  (অসুস্থ): He is ill with  fever. Impose on  (চাপানো): Don't impose your will on  others. Impressed with/by  (অভিভূত): I was impressed with  his speech. Incapable of  (অক্ষম): He is incapable of  doing harm. Inclined to  (প্রবণ/ইচ্ছুক): He is inclined to  gambling. Indebted to  (ঋণী): I am indebted to  you. Indifferent to  (উদাসীন): He is indifferent to  his duty. Indulge in  (আসক্ত হওয়া): Do not indulge in  luxury. Inferior to  (নিকৃষ্ট): This pen is inferior to  that. Infested with  (উপদ্রুত): The room is infested with  rats. Inform of  (জানানো): He informed me of  the matter. Innocent of  (নির্দোষ): He is innocent of  the charge. Insist on  (জিদ করা): He insisted on  going there. Interested in  (আগ্রহী): I am interested in  music. Interfere with  (হস্তক্ষেপ করা - ব্যক্তি/কাজ): Don't interfere with  my work. Interfere in  (হস্তক্ষেপ করা - বিষয়): Don't interfere in  this matter. Introduce to  (পরিচয় করিয়ে দেওয়া): Introduce me to  him. Invite to  (নিমন্ত্রণ করা): He invited me to  dinner. Involved in  (জড়িত): He is involved in  the crime. Irrelevant to  (অপ্রাসঙ্গিক): The remark is irrelevant to  the subject. J Jealous of  (ঈর্ষান্বিত): He is jealous of  my success. Jump at  ( লুফে নেওয়া): He jumped at  the offer. Junior to  (কনিষ্ঠ): He is junior to  me. K Key to  (চাবিকাঠি): Industry is the key to  success. Kind to  (দয়ালু): Be kind to  the poor. Knock at  (ধাক্কা দেওয়া/টান দেওয়া): Someone is knocking at  the door. Known to  (পরিচিত): He is known to  me. L Lack of  (অভাব): He has lack of  money. Lame of  (খোঁড়া): He is lame of  one leg. Laugh at  (বিদ্রূপ করা): Don't laugh at  the poor. Lead to  (পরিচালিত করা): Hard work leads to  success. Lean against  (হেলান দেওয়া): He leaned against  the wall. Learn by  (মুখস্থ করা): Learn the poem by  heart. Liable to  (দায়ী): He is liable to  fine. Liking for  (পছন্দ): I have a liking for  music. Listen to  (শোনা): Listen to  me. Live on  (খেয়ে বাঁচা): The cow lives on  grass. Live by  (জীবিকা নির্বাহ করা): He lives by  honest means. Long for  (আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা): He longs for  fame. Look at  (তাকানো): Look at  the bird. Look after  (দেখাশোনা করা): He looks after  his parents. Look for  (খোঁজা): I am looking for  a job. Look into  (তদন্ত করা): The police is looking into  the case. Loyal to  (অনুগত): We should be loyal to  our country. M Mad with  (রাগে উন্মাদ): He was mad with  rage. Made of  (তৈরি - উপাদান দেখা গেলে): The ring is made of  gold. Made from  (তৈরি - উপাদান দেখা না গেলে): Paper is made from  wood. Married to  (বিবাহিত): She was married to  a rich man. Match for  (জুড়ি/সমকক্ষ): He is no match for  me. Meet with  (সাক্ষাৎ হওয়া): I met with  him on the way. Mindful of  (মনোযোগী): Be mindful of  your studies. Mix with  (মেশা): Don't mix with  bad company. N Natural to  (স্বাভাবিক): It is natural to  him. Necessary for  (প্রয়োজনীয়): Food is necessary for  health. Need of  (প্রয়োজন): I am in need of  money. Notorious for  (কুখ্যাত): He is notorious for  gambling. O Obedient to  (বাধ্য): Be obedient to  your parents. Object to  (আপত্তি করা): I object to  his proposal. Obliged to  (কৃতজ্ঞ): I am obliged to  you. Occupied with  (ব্যস্ত): He is occupied with  his work. Offend against  (লঙ্ঘন করা): You have offended against  the law. Open to  (উন্মুক্ত): The competition is open to  all. Opposite to  (বিপরীত): His house is opposite to  ours. Overcome with  (অভিভূত): He was overcome with  grief. Owe to  (ঋণী থাকা): I owe my life to  him. P Part from  (বিদায় নেওয়া - ব্যক্তি): He parted from  his friends. Part with  (ত্যাগ করা - বস্তু): I cannot part with  my ring. Participate in  (অংশগ্রহণ করা): I participated in  the game. Pass for  (গণ্য হওয়া): He passes for  a scholar. Patient of  (ধৈর্যশীল): He is patient of  sufferings. Pay for  (মূল্য দেওয়া): I paid for  the book. Pity for  (করুণা): Have pity for  the poor. Play on  (বাজানো): He played on  the flute. Pleased with  (সন্তুষ্ট): I am pleased with  you. Popular with  (জনপ্রিয়): He is popular with  the students. Pray to, for  (প্রার্থনা করা): Pray to  God for  mercy. Prefer to  (অধিক পছন্দ করা): I prefer milk to  tea. Prepare for  (প্রস্তুত হওয়া): Prepare for  the exam. Preside over  (সভাপতিত্ব করা): He presided over  the meeting. Pretend to  (ভাণ করা): He pretends to  be rich. Prevent from  (বারণ করা): I prevented him from  going. Pride in  (গর্ব): He takes pride in  his wealth. Proud of  (গর্বিত): He is proud of  his position. Provide with  (সরবরাহ করা): He provided me with  money. Punish for  (শাস্তি দেওয়া): He was punished for  theft. Q Qualified for  (যোগ্য): He is qualified for  the post. Quarrel with  (ঝগড়া করা - ব্যক্তি): Don't quarrel with  me. Quarrel about/over  (ঝগড়া করা - বিষয়): They quarrelled about  the land. Quick at  (চটপটে): He is quick at  figures. R Ready for  (প্রস্তুত): I am ready for  the work. Reason for  (কারণ): What is the reason for  your absence? Rebel against  (বিদ্রোহ করা): They rebelled against  the king. Recover from  (আরোগ্য লাভ করা): He has recovered from  illness. Refer to  (উল্লেখ করা/পাঠানো): Refer the matter to  the boss. Refrain from  (বিরত থাকা): Refrain from  smoking. Regard for  (শ্রদ্ধা): I have high regard for  him. Related to  (সম্পর্কিত): He is related to  me. Relieve of  (মুক্ত করা): He was relieved of  his post. Rely on  (নির্ভর করা): Rely on  your own effort. Remind of  (মনে করিয়ে দেওয়া): It reminds me of  the past. Repent of  (অনুশোচনা করা): He repented of  his sin. Replace by/with  (প্রতিস্থাপন করা): Replace this with  a new one. Required for  (প্রয়োজনীয়): Water is required for  life. Resign from  (পদত্যাগ করা): He resigned from  the post. Respect for  (শ্রদ্ধা): I have respect for  him. Respond to  (সাড়া দেওয়া): He responded to  my call. Responsible to  (দায়ী - কর্তৃপক্ষ): He is responsible to  the boss. Responsible for  (দায়ী - কাজ): He is responsible for  the loss. Result of  (ফল): This is the result of  your sin. Result from  (ফল হওয়া): Misery results from  vice. Result in  (ফলশ্রুতিতে হওয়া): Vice results in  misery. Retire from  (অবসর নেওয়া): He retired from  service. Rich in  (সমৃদ্ধ): Bangladesh is rich in  natural gas. Rob of  (লুণ্ঠন করা): The robber robbed him of  his money. Rule over  (শাসন করা): The king ruled over  the country. Run after  (ধাবিত হওয়া): Don't run after  money. Run over  (চাপা পড়া): The boy was run over  by a car. S Satisfied with  (সন্তুষ্ট): I am satisfied with  your work. Save from  (রক্ষা করা): Save me from  danger. Search for  (অনুসন্ধান করা): He is searching for  a job. See to  (তত্ত্বাবধান করা/দেখা): Please see to  the matter. Send for  (ডেকে পাঠানো): Send for  a doctor. Senior to  (জ্যেষ্ঠ): He is senior to  me. Sentenced to  (দণ্ড দেওয়া): He was sentenced to  death. Shocked at  (মর্মাহত): I was shocked at  the news. Short of  (অপ্রতুল): He is short of  money. Sick of  (ক্লান্ত/বিরক্ত): I am sick of  waiting. Similar to  (সদৃশ): This is similar to  that. Smile at  (বিদ্রূপ করা): Don't smile at  the poor. Smile on  (অনুগ্রহ করা): Fortune smiled on  him. Sorry for  (দুঃখিত): I am sorry for  my mistake. Speak to  (কথা বলা): I spoke to  him. Speak for  (পক্ষে বলা): He spoke for  me. Spend on  (ব্যয় করা): Don't spend much on  luxury. Stare at  (একদৃষ্টিতে তাকানো): She stared at  me. Stick to  (লেগে থাকা): Stick to  your point. Subject to  (শর্তাধীন/অধীন): This is subject to  approval. Submit to  (বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা): We must submit to  fate. Succeed in  (সফল হওয়া): He succeeded in  life. Suffer from  (ভোগা): He suffers from  fever. Superior to  (উৎকৃষ্ট): This cloth is superior to  that. Supply with  (সরবরাহ করা): He supplied us with  food. Sure of  (নিশ্চিত): I am sure of  success. Surprised at  (বিস্মিত): I was surprised at  his conduct. Suspect of  (সন্দেহ করা): He is suspected of  theft. Sympathy for  (সহানুভূতি): I have sympathy for  him. T Talk to/with  (কথা বলা): I talked to/with  him. Talk about  (আলোচনা করা): We talked about  the matter. Taste for  (রুচি): She has a taste for  music. Tell upon  (ক্ষতি করা): Overwork tells upon  health. Thankful to  (কৃতজ্ঞ): I am thankful to  you. Think of/about  (চিন্তা করা): I think of  you. Thirst for  (তৃষ্ণা): He has thirst for  knowledge. Tired of  (ক্লান্ত): I am tired of  walking. Tolerant of  (সহিষ্ণু): He is tolerant of  criticism. True to  (বিশ্বস্ত): He is true to  his word. Trust in  (বিশ্বাস করা): Trust in  God. Trust with  (বিশ্বাস করে দেওয়া): I trusted him with  the money. U Unite with  (মিলিত হওয়া): Unite with  your friends. Urge upon  (জোর দাবি করা): He urged upon  me to go. Useful to  (উপকারী - ব্যক্তি): This is useful to  me. Useful for  (উপকারী - কাজ): This is useful for  health. V Vain of  (অহংকারী): He is vain of  his wealth. Vary from  (ভিন্ন হওয়া): Opinions vary from  person to person. Victim of  (শিকার): He is a victim of  circumstances. Vote for  (ভোট দেওয়া - পক্ষে): I voted for  him. Vote against  (ভোট দেওয়া - বিপক্ষে): I voted against  him. W Wait for  (অপেক্ষা করা): Wait for  me. Wait upon  (সেবা করা): The nurse waits upon  the patient. Warn of/against  (সতর্ক করা): He warned me of  the danger. Weak in  (দুর্বল): He is weak in  English. Wish for  (ইচ্ছা করা): He wished for  success. Wonder at  (বিস্মিত হওয়া): I wonder at  his ignorance. Worthy of  (যোগ্য): He is worthy of  praise. Write to  (লেখা): Write a letter to  him. Z Zeal for  (প্রবল আগ্রহ): He has zeal for  social work. Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. Choose the correct preposition: He is absorbed _____ thought.  [DU-A: 23-24] (A) at (B) in (C) on (D) with Ans: (B) Explanation:  Absorbed in - মগ্ন থাকা। 02. The word 'into' is a/an _____.  [DU-B: 20-21] (A) adjective (B) preposition (C) noun (D) adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Into একটি preposition. 03. My friend has no interest _____ music.  [DU-C: 19-20] (A) for (B) in (C) to (D) at Ans: (B) Explanation:  Interest in - আগ্রহ। 04. I prefer milk _____ tea.  [DU-D: 18-19] (A) to (B) than (C) from (D) for Ans: (A) Explanation:  Prefer to - অধিকতর পছন্দ করা। 05. He died _____ cancer.  [DU-B: 15-16] (A) by (B) for (C) from (D) of Ans: (D) Explanation:  Die of - রোগে মারা যাওয়া। JU Questions & Answers 01. The man was accused _____ theft.  [JU-A: 21-22] (A) of (B) for (C) with (D) to Ans: (A) Explanation:  Accused of - অভিযুক্ত। 02. He is good _____ English.  [JU-B: 17-18] (A) in (B) at (C) on (D) with Ans: (B) Explanation:  Good at - দক্ষ। RU Questions & Answers 01. Look _____ the word in the dictionary.  [RU-C: 19-20] (A) at (B) for (C) up (D) into Ans: (C) Explanation:  Look up - শব্দ খোঁজা (অভিধানে)। 02. He is blind _____ his son's fault.  [RU-A: 16-17] (A) of (B) to (C) with (D) by Ans: (B) Explanation:  Blind to - দোষের প্রতি অন্ধ। BCS & Other Exams 01. 'Whatever' is a/an-  [40th BCS] (A) Adjective (B) Pronoun (C) Conjunction (D) Adverb Ans: (B)  (Also Relative Pronoun) Note: This seems misplaced from Pronoun chapter, but included as per source flow. 02. He divided the money _____ the two children.  [37th BCS] (A) over (B) in (C) between (D) among Ans: (C) Explanation:  দুইয়ের মধ্যে বোঝাতে Between বসে। 03. The tree has been blown _____ by the storm.  [36th BCS] (A) away (B) up (C) off (D) out Ans: (A)  or (C) . (Blow away - উড়িয়ে নেওয়া, Blow off - উড়িয়ে ফেলা। ঝড়ে গাছ উপড়ে বা উড়ে গেলে সাধারণত blown down বা blown over হয়, কিন্তু অপশন অনুযায়ী blown away বা off হতে পারে। Source Ans: A). Part 5: SELF TEST 01. He prohibited me _____ doing it. (A) to (B) from (C) in (D) with Ans: (B)  (Prohibit from) 02. I have no zest _____ music. (A) in (B) for (C) at (D) to Ans: (B)  (Zest for - প্রবল আগ্রহ) 03. The police is looking _____ the case. (A) after (B) for (C) into (D) on Ans: (C)  (Look into - তদন্ত করা) 04. He is void _____ common sense. (A) of (B) from (C) in (D) with Ans: (A)  (Void of - বর্জিত/শূন্য) 05. I cannot part _____ my friends. (A) with (B) from (C) to (D) by Ans: (B)  (Part from - বিদায় নেওয়া [ব্যক্তি]) 06. He insists _____ going there. (A) to (B) in (C) on (D) for Ans: (C)  (Insist on - জিদ করা) 07. We should rely _____ our own efforts. (A) in (B) at (C) on (D) with Ans: (C)  (Rely on - নির্ভর করা) 08. He burst _____ tears. (A) out (B) into (C) in (D) with Ans: (B)  (Burst into tears - কান্নায় ভেঙে পড়া) 09. He is jealous _____ my success. (A) for (B) of (C) at (D) with Ans: (B)  (Jealous of - ঈর্ষান্বিত) 10. Water is composed _____ hydrogen and oxygen. (A) by (B) of (C) with (D) in Ans: (B)  (Composed of - গঠিত)

CONJUNCTION & LINKERS 1. The woman sees the cat out in the rain; —, the cat is gone by the time the woman goes out. [DU (A) 18-19] A. however B. and C. even if D. after all Ans: A 2. They like to keep their old houses rather than build new ones – it is very difficult and expensive to maintain them. [DU (A) 16-17] A. because B. even though C. on the contrary D. for example Ans: B 3. The referee blew the whistle to end the game – there were two minutes left. [DU (D) 16-17] A. therefore B. although C. sine D. however Ans: B 4. — the rain, the cricket match was not cancelled. [DU (B) 12-13] A. Due to B. Although C. Despite of D. In spite of Ans: D 5. I awake one morning — found myself famous. [DU (A) 05-06] A. when B. and C. but D. then Ans: B 6. I was annoyed; — I kept quiet. [DU (A) 06-07] A. then B. when C. still D. and Ans: C 7. Mr. Ahmed was rich — he was not a happy man. [DU (A) 07-08] A. so B. too C. but D. or Ans: C 8. Farhana speaks English fluently; — she knows French. [DU (D) 17-18] A. however B. since C. although D. moreover Ans: D 9. – we approached the house, we heard the sound of music. [DU (A) 05-06] A. Then B. Because C. Though D. When Ans: D  (Or 'As'. Options only D When fits context). 10. The experts were looking for clues to determine — the fire started. [CU (G) 16-17] A. what B. that C. how D. who Ans: C 11. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes — they both emit hot liquids from below the earth’s surface. [RU (H) 13-14, JKKNIU (ক) 15-16 CU (C1) 16-17] A. due to B. because C. in spite of D. regardless of Ans: B 12. I shall not go until I am invited. [BSMRSTU E 15-16, JKKNIU (ঘ) 16-17,RU (G, অ-বিজ্ঞান) 16-17] A. unless I am B. till I am C. once I am D. if I am Ans: A 13. No one knows what colour dinosaurs were – no sample of their skin has survived. [RU (D) 13-14] A. because of B. because that C. it is because D. because Ans: D 14. I would like to live in a place — is plenty of sunrise. [CU (D1) 15-16] A. where there B. where C. whenever D. which Ans: A 15. The date of the admission test was shifted — unavoidable reasons. [PUST (C) 13-14] A. because B. On account C. as result D. because of Ans: D 16. There is no doubt – we will win. [DU (D) 18-19 (বাতিল)] A. whether B. what C. if D. that Ans: D 17. You know – I did it. [RU (C1) 18-19] A. because B. so C. little D. why Ans: D 18. – the candidate did not have very good grades, he managed to impress the board with his wonderful art of communication. [RU (A) 18-19] A. Even B. Since C. Though D. Despite Ans: C 19. Jamil is reading Shakespeare closely – he can get better marks in that course. [RU A 18-19] A. so that B. for C. because D. while Ans: A 20. I shall wait for you – you do not return. [DU (অধিভুক্ত ৭ কলেজ, বিজ্ঞান) 18-19] A. until B. if C. till D. unless Ans: C 21. – she is blind, she paints very well. [DU (অধিভুক্ত ৭ কলেজ, বাণিজ্য) 18-19] A. Since B. Because C. Despite D. Although Ans: D 22. The new teacher spoke so softly – we had to ask her to speak louder. [CU (A) 18-19] A. and B. that C. what D. who Ans: B 23. I will not sing the song – you sing with me. [CU A 18-19] A. unless B. because C. lest D. for Ans: A 1. No sooner had we sat down at the table – the phone rang. [CU (D) 13-14] No sooner had he left – I came. [JKKNIU (ঘ) 16-17, মিডওয়াইফ-১৭] No sooner had he entered the room – the light went out and everyone started talking loudly No sooner had I reached the station – the train left. [জনশক্তি, কর্মসংস্থান ও প্রশিক্ষণ ব্যুরোর উপ-পরিচালক-০৭] A. then B. than C. when D. while Ans: B 2. Complete the sentence: Rakib speaks – English – Japanese. [SUST (B/B1) 11-12] A. also, not only B. as well as, not only C. not only, but also D. both, not also E. as well as, also Ans: C 3. Hardly had he finished writing ---------- [রাজশাহী কৃষি উন্নয়ন ব্যাংক (সুপারভাইজার)-১৫] A. than the bell rang B. when the bell rang C. then the bell rang D. the bell rang Ans: B 4. Hardly had the train stopped - . [জেলা দুর্নীতি দমন অফিসার-৯৪, BSMRUST (D) 12-13, স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ে উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭, JKKNIU D 18-19] A. then we got down B. when we got down C. as we got down D. than we got down Ans: B 5. Identify the correct sentence. [DU (A) 09-10, BSMRSTU (E) 19-20] A. He washed neither his hand or his face. B. He washed neither his hand nor his face. C. He washed neither his hand or face. D. He washed neither his hand and so neither his face. Ans: B 6. Maruf likes orange, - he does not like apple. [পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়ের ব্যক্তিগত কর্মকর্তা-১৯] A. after B. so C. as D. but Ans: D 7. Scarcely had the game started – the doorbell rang. [সংস্কৃতি মন্ত্রণালয়ে উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৯] A. than B. if C. them D. when Ans: D 8. - the country is undeveloped, it is beautiful. [সংস্কৃতি মন্ত্রণালয়ে উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৯] A. Although B. But C. If D. Where Ans: A 9. I will wait to call my manager — I hear from the client. [NATP এর মাঠ সহকারী-১৯] A. by B. until C. since D. on Ans: B 10. The best conjunction to link is – for joining sentences: [BBRT রূপালী ব্যাংক লি. (অফিসার)-১৯] i) I will keep continuing this job. ii) You like it or not. A. when B. since C. otherwise D. whether Ans: D 11. I visit the Taj Mahal – I go to Agra. [দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা ও ত্রাণ মন্ত্রণালয়ের অডিটর-১৯] A. once B. wherever C. whenever D. when Ans: C 12. I reached the station – the train had left. [দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা ও ত্রাণ মন্ত্রণালয়ে অফিস সহায়ক-১৯] A. than B. then C. before D. after Ans: D 13. – small, the room is well furnished. [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা)-১৮] A. Despite B. If C. Although D. Unless Ans: C  (Explanation: 'Although' followed by adjective (small) is a correct elliptical structure for 'Although it is small'. 'Despite' requires a noun phrase like 'Despite being small'). 14. Smoking is addictive – expensive. [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়/বিভাগ/অধিদপ্তর (ব্যক্তিগত কর্মকর্তা)-১৮] A. as well B. well C. as well as D. well as Ans: C 15. I was waiting for Ushoshi – she never came. [সিনিয়র স্টাফ নার্স-১৮] A. but B. and C. while D. as Ans: A 16. – they met us nor we met them. [জনস্বাস্থ্য প্রকৌশল অধিদপ্তর (এস্টিমেটর)-১৮] A. Nor B. Neither C. If D. Either Ans: B 17. You can ask for help – you need it. [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা)-১৮] A. because B. whenever C. unless D. although Ans: B 18. They went – the rain. [প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের মিলিটারি ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সার্ভিসেসের স্টোরম্যান-১৮] A. Despite B. In spite C. Under D. Avoiding Ans: A 19. – a child can understand it. [বিভিন্ন মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা (মুক্তিযোদ্ধা কোটা)-১৮] A. Though B. Even C. Although D. Since Ans: B 20. Karim is tall — Rahim is taller. [ডাক বিভাগের পোস্টাল অপারেটর-১৬, স্বাস্থ্য অধিদপ্তরে অফিস সহায়ক-১৮] A. while B. so C. but D. as Ans: A 21. We cannot process the order – we get a copy of the purchase order. [৪ ব্যাংক (অফিসার)-১৯] A. until B. that C. because D. when Ans: A 22. I always take an umbrella – it rains. [DPE সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৮] A. in case B. unless C. in case of D. if Ans: A 23. Octopuses have not only large size – also well developed nervous system. [প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের মিলিটারি ইঞ্জিনিয়ার সার্ভিসেসের স্টোরম্যান-১৮] A. but B. and C. are D. and have Ans: A 24. No sooner had we started out for Dhaka – it started to rain. [বিমান বাংলাদেশ এয়ারলাইন্স লি. গ্রাউন্ড সার্ভিস অ্যাসিসটেন্ট-১৮] A. than B. while C. when D. as Ans: A 25. – his being innocent of the crime, the judge sentenced him to one year imprisonment. [২ ব্যাংক সমন্বিত পরীক্ষা (অফিসার)-১৮] A. In spite of B. In case of C. On account of D. In the event of Ans: A 26. – some employers oppose the very existence of unions, many theorists stress the necessity of unions. [৮ ব্যাংকের সমন্বিত পরীক্ষা (সিনিয়র অফিসার)-১৮] A. Because B. Due to C. However D. Although Ans: D 27. They climbed the mountain – it was windy. [ICB এর ক্যাশিয়ার-১৮] A. because B. so C. although D. nor Ans: C 28. Neither my brother – my sister owns a car. [ICB এর ক্যাশিয়ার-১৮] A. nor B. and C. but D. so Ans: A 29. She was absent — her cold. [পররাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী সাইফার অফিসার-১৭, দুদকের অফিস সহায়ক-১৯] A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. despite Ans: A 30. Hurry up — you will be late. [নার্সিং সেবা অধিদপ্তরের মিডওয়াইফ-১৭] A. and B. but C. though D. or Ans: D 31. We hurried — we should miss the train. [ডাক, টেলিযোগাযোগ ও তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী প্রোগ্রামার-১৭] The girl is running — she should miss the train. [এলজিআরডি মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭] A. fast B. or C. unless D. lest Ans: D 32. The common man is — rich — famous. [রেলপথ মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৭] A. but, and B. neither, nor C. either, or D. not only, but also Ans: B  (Note: Context usually implies neither). 33. Walk fast, — you will miss the match. [NSTU (C) 16-17] A. therefore B. else C. and D. otherwise Ans: D 34. — she reached the exam hall than the door closed. [অগ্রণী ব্যাংক লি. সিনিয়র অফিসার-১৭] A. No sooner had B. As sooner as C. As soon as D. No sooner Ans: A 35. He advised us — we could encourage the children. [পরিসংখ্যান কর্মকর্তা-১৭] A. so that B. so C. that D. as Ans: A 36. – his parents allow him or not, John intends to go to the party. [সোনালী ব্যাংক সহ ইঞ্জিনিয়ার-১৬] A. Whether B. While C. Although D. Despite Ans: A 37. She did not buy it – the price was so high. [সহকারী থানা/উপজেলা শিক্ষা কর্মকর্তা (ATEO)-১৬] A. although B. despite C. because D. because of Ans: C 38. Hardly had we reached school - [১২তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৫] A. when the bell rang B. than the bell rang C. the bell rang D. after the bell ringing Ans: A 39. The train was late. — I managed to arrive on time. [সার্কেল অ্যাডজুটেন্ট-১৫] A. On the contrary B. By contest C. Despite that D. Incidentally Ans: C 40. The hybrid cars have — the features of a luxury car but also the efficiency of using less fuel than the normal cars. [কন্ট্রোলার জেনারেল ডিফেন্স ফাইন্যান্স কার্যালয়ের অডিটর-১৭] A. that B. all C. in addition D. not only Ans: D 41. — the situation infuriated him, he did his best to hide his anger. [CGDF এর অডিটর-১৭] A. Because B. Though C. against D. over Ans: B 42. Though he is poor, — [১১তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৭] A. he is honest B. but he is honest C. and he is honest D. but he was honest Ans: A 43. He is working hard —. [১০ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (স্কুল/সমপর্যায়-২)-১৪] A. as he can shine in life B. that he can shine in life C. to shining in life D. so that he can shine in life Ans: D 44. It looks – she will start crying. [মাদকদ্রব্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ অধিদপ্তরের সহকারী পরিচালক-১৩] A. as if B. because C. until D. when Ans: A 45. I walked fast – I should miss the train. [আইন সচিবালয়ের ব্যক্তিগত কর্মকর্তা-১১] A. so B. that C. lest D. or Ans: C 46. The young executive was not chosen for the project — his lack of qualification. [বাংলাদেশ ইনভেস্টমেন্ট কর্পোরেশন (অফিসার)-১১] A. despite B. because C. although D. as E. for Ans: E  (Note: 'For' his lack of qualification). 47. Would you be so kind — to keep me informed? [আমদানি রপ্তানি অধিদপ্তরের নির্বাহী অফিসার-০৭] A. that B. enough C. as D. much Ans: C  (Explanation: 'so kind as to'). 48. – a teacher in New England, Webster composed the dictionary of the American Language. [জাতীয় সংসদ সচিবালয়ের সহকারী পরিচালক-০৬] A. It was while B. When C. When was D. While Ans: D 49. Kalim wanted to get married – he was tired of living alone. [সোশ্যাল ইসলামী ব্যাংক (অফিসার)-০৪] A. as B. for C. since D. because Ans: D 50. — pollution control measures are expensive, many industries hesitate to adopt them. [JnU (D) 10-11, RU (Law) 10-11, ২ ব্যাংক সমন্বিত পরীক্ষা (অফিসার)-১৮, প্রবাসী কল্যাণ ব্যাংক (EO)-১৯] A. Although B. However C. Because D. On account of Ans: C 51. — rather tired after their long journey, they did not go to bed. [প্রতিরক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়ের অধীন এডমিনিস্ট্রেশন/পারসোনাল অফিসার-০৬] A. Although they were B. As they were C. Because they were D. Since they were Ans: A 52. I saw a blind man – I was walking along the road. [মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-০১] A. while B. at the time C. when D. before Ans: A 53. Find the correct use of ‘although’- [DU (B) 18-19] A. He likes music although he is always busy. B. We decided to return, Although, it was raining. C. Although he is young, he is very careful. D. My grandfather is over 70, he is although active. Ans: C 54. — the day went on, the weather got worse. [প্রবাসী কল্যাণ মন্ত্রণালয়ের প্রশাসনিক কর্মকর্তা-০৯] A. Just B. Since C. As D. If Ans: C 55. I will stay with you — there is a room free. [DU (D) 18-19] A. as much as B. as many as C. as long as D. as important as Ans: C 56. Succeeding in college is often a challenge for students, —, most colleges provide services designed to help. [DU (A) 18-19] A. moreover B. in addition C. therefore D. as a result Ans: C TOPIC: CONJUNCTION QUESTIONS BCS Questions 1. He sat behind me, but in front of you. Here 'but' is used as - / By the end of the day we were tired but Happy. Here 'but' is - / He is poor but honest. In this sentence 'but' is - / He could not win but learn a lot. Which part of speech in the word 'but'? [44th BCS] A. a conjunction B. interjection C. an adverb D. verb Ans: A 2. 'I shall help you provided you obey me.' Here the underlined word is a/an- [41st BCS] A. adverb B. adjective C. conjunction D. verb Ans: C 3. Choose the correct option: Even as harvesting was going on ______ [26th BCS] A. the rainy season began. B. the rainy season was began. C. the rainy season had began. D. the rainy season begins. Ans: A 4. The path ______ paved, so we were able to walk through the path. [22nd BCS] A. was B. had been C. has been D. being Ans: B 5. As they waited, Rahim argued against war ______ [21st BCS] A. while his brother discusses the effects of pollution. B. while his brother discussed the effects of pollution. C. while his brother was discussing the effects of pollution. D. while his brother had discussed the effects of pollution. Ans: C 6. An intensive search was conducted by the detective to locate those criminals, who- [20th BCS] A. have had escaped B. had escaped C. are escaping D. have been escaping Ans: B 7. কোনটি Conjunction? [প্রা. সহ. শি. ২০১০] A. or B. out C. very D. for Ans: A 8. Walk carefully lest ______ [13th NTRCA] A. you will fall B. you should stumble C. you would have fallen D. you might lose the way Ans: B Bank Questions 1. Choose appropriate word to join: 'She was waiting for a taxi. ______ She found car broken down.' [7 Banks Officer 2021] A. when B. and C. yet D. as if Ans: A 2. Find the correct question tag: Let us discuss, ______ [7 Banks Officer 2021] A. can we? B. do we? C. shall we? D. don't we? Ans: C 3. I hurt my leg ______ I was playing football yesterday. [5 Govt. Banks 2021] A. while B. during C. for D. in Ans: A 4. Find the best linking word to join: a. 'You are celebrating the birthday'. b. Your friend is dead serious.' [Banks & FI SO 2021] A. whence B. since C. whereas D. as Ans: C 5. Join two parts: 'She completed all tasks'; '______ a big surprise'. [PKB Officer 2021] A. was B. that was C. which was D. it is Ans: C 6. He refused to attend the meeting ______ his illness. [Janata Bank 2020] A. on part of B. on point of C. on the ground of D. with a view to Ans: C 7. The best conjunction to link is - for joining sentences: ______ [Rupali Bank 2019] A. when B. since C. otherwise D. wheather Ans: D 8. We cannot process the order ______ we get a copy of the purchase order. [BSC Officer 2019] A. until B. because C. that D. when Ans: A 9. ______ she reached the exam hall than the door closed. [Agrani Bank 2017] A. As sooner as B. No sooner had C. As soon as D. No sooner Ans: B 10. His fever is ______ to ignore. [Agrani Bank 2017] A. too much high B. much too high C. high to much D. so high Ans: B 11. An air conditioner works in the same way ______ a refrigerator. [SIBL PO 2017] A. by B. as C. as if D. to be Ans: B 12. Birds not only bring song, color, and activity to a garden ______ are vitally needed by plants. [SIBL PO 2017] A. but also B. and C. as well as D. an they Ans: A 13. Complete the sentence. He talks as if ______. [BRDB Asst. Officer 2012] A. he was mad B. he were mad C. he had been mad D. he is mad Ans: B 14. After it was repaired, it ______ again. [Pubali Bank 2012] A. ran perfect B. could run perfect C. run perfect D. ran perfectly Ans: D 15. They are very kind to me. They treat me ______ their own son. [Pubali Bank 2012] A. like I am B. as if I were C. as if I am D. as if I are Ans: B 16. My uncle arrived while I ______ the dinner. [Standard Bank 2012] A. would cook B. had cooked C. cook D. was cooking Ans: D 17. He could not win but learnt a lot. Which parts of speech is the word 'but'? [BREB 2024] A. an adverb B. a verb C. an adjective D. a conjunction Ans: D 18. Run fast or you will miss the train. Here 'or' is- [Health Dept 2024] A. adverb B. preposition C. interjection D. conjunction Ans: D 19. Which one is Conjunction? [Biman Bangladesh 2023] A. or B. very C. out D. for Ans: A 20. Choose the correct conjunction to combine the sentences: We won the war ______ It costs us millions of lives: [Various Ministries 2022] A. as if B. though C. until D. since Ans: B 21. ______ going to office, I met an accident. [Health Ministry 2022] A. When B. On C. While D. Behind Ans: C 22. Choose the correct linking word: He wasn't able to finish his work ______ he tried as hard as he could. [Education Ministry 2022] A. if B. besides C. but D. even though Ans: D 23. She had hardly seen her mother ______ she stopped crying. [BSCIC 2019] A. then B. than C. when D. so Ans: C 24. They arrived ______ we were watching TV. [Labour Ministry 2019] A. as soon as B. because C. so that D. while Ans: D 25. To complete the sentence, 'Maruf likes orange, ______ he does not like apple.' [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. as B. but C. after D. so Ans: B 26. Fill in the blank: No sooner had I seen the bird ______ it flew away. [Various Ministries 2019] A. than B. when C. just D. after Ans: A 27. Scarcely had the game started ______ the doorbell rang. [Cultural Affairs 2011] A. than B. if C. then D. when Ans: D 28. He could not win but learned a lot. Which parts of speech is the word 'but'? [Film Dept 2011] A. An adjective B. An adverb C. A verb D. A conjunction Ans: D 29. He is poor but honest. In this sentence which is a conjunction? [Govt. High School 2019] A. poor B. honest C. but D. he Ans: C 30. He found the gold coin ______ the floor. [Defence Ministry 2018] A. as he had cleaned B. while he cleans C. which he is cleaning D. while cleaning Ans: D 31. I was waiting for Ushoshi ______ she never came. [Senior Staff Nurse 2018] A. but B. while C. and D. as Ans: A 32. They suffered much ______ tornado had hit their village. [CGDF 2018] A. until B. since C. as if D. let alone Ans: B 33. ______ glass is, for all practical purposes, a solid, its molecular structure is that of a liquid. [BREB 2018] A. Because B. Since C. Although D. If Ans: C 34. ______ they met us nor we met them. [Public Health Eng 2018] A. Nor B. Neither C. If D. Either Ans: B 35. ______ the situation infuriated him, he did his best to hide his anger. [CGDF 2017] A. Because B. Though C. As D. Since Ans: B 36. The hybrid cars have ______ the features of a luxury car but also the efficiency of using less fuel than the normal cars. [CGDF 2017] A. That B. in addition C. all D. not only Ans: D 37. He advised us ______ we could encourage the children. [BBS 2017] A. so that B. that C. so D. as Ans: A 38. 'By the end of the day we were tired but happy.' The underlined word is- [PWD 2017] A. a preposition B. an adjective C. a conjunction D. an adverb Ans: C 39. Identify the appropriate conjunction: The common man is ______ rich ______ famous. [Railway 2017] A. but; and B. not only; but also C. either, or D. neither; nor Ans: D 40. We hurried ______ we should miss the train. [ICT 2017] A. or B. otherwise C. lest D. than Ans: C 41. Would you be so kind ______ to keep me informed? [ICT 2017] A. that B. enough C. as D. much Ans: C 42. Hurry up ______ you will be late. [Nursing 2017] A. and B. but C. though D. or Ans: D 43. The girl is running ______ she should miss the train. [LGRD 2017] A. fast B. or C. unless D. lest Ans: D 44. In which sentence 'that' is used as a conjunction? [Foreign Ministry 2017] A. That is what I want. B. What is that noise? C. The evil that men do remains after them. D. He works hard that he may succeed. Ans: D 45. Nobody ______ Alam knew the way. [Railway 2016] A. without B. but C. that D. beside Ans: B 46. Karim is tall, ______ Rahim is taller. [Postal 2016] A. while B. so C. but D. as Ans: C 47. 'Neither she nor her brother ______ present yesterday. [Railway 2024] A. were B. was C. have been D. is Ans: B 48. In the sentence "He is taller than I."- the underlined word is a/an- [Various Ministries 2016] A. Adjective B. Noun C. Preposition D. Conjunction Ans: D ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS BCS Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' শব্দটি এখানে দুটি বাক্য বা শব্দকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। যেমন: He is poor but  honest. 02. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Provided' এখানে 'if' (যদি) অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং দুটি ক্লজকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Even as" (যখন) একটি conjunction phrase যা দুটি ঘটনাকে যুক্ত করছে। "Even as harvesting was going on, the rainy season began." 04. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "The path had been  paved" (Past Perfect Passive), so we were able to walk. 05. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "While" এর পরে সাধারণত Continuous tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। "While his brother was discussing ..." (Past Continuous). 06. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "who had escaped ". এটি Past Perfect tense হবে কারণ detective খোঁজার আগেই তারা পালিয়েছিল। Primary Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' একটি Conjunction যা বিকল্প নির্দেশ করে। Teacher Registration Answers 01. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পরে subject + should/might + verb এর base form বসে। তাই "you should  stumble" সঠিক। Bank Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "She found..." বাক্যটি পূর্বের অংশের সাথে 'when' (যখন) দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে অর্থপূর্ণ হয়। "When she was waiting..." 02. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Let us' (Let's) থাকলে Tag question এ "shall we?" হয়। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "While" এর পর continuous tense হয়। "While I was playing..." 04. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Whereas' বৈপরীত্য বা তুলনা বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। "You are celebrating... whereas your friend is dead serious." 05. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "She completed all tasks; that was  a big surprise." (Relative clause or demonstrative connecting ideas). 06. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "On the ground of" অর্থ কারণে/ভিত্তিতে। 07. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  সাধারণত দুটি ঘটনা যুক্ত করতে 'when' ব্যবহৃত হয়। 08. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Until' (যতক্ষণ না) শর্ত বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 09. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "No sooner had... than..." স্ট্রাকচারটি ব্যবহৃত হয়। 10. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Much too high" (adjective এর আগে much too বসে)। "Too much" noun এর আগে বসে। 11. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "In the same way as" - এটি একটি তুলনামূলক phrase। 12. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Not only... but also" কো-রিলেটিভ কনজাংশন। 13. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'As if' এর আগে Present tense থাকলে পরে Past indefinite (unreal past) হয়। "He talks as if he were  mad." 14. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "Ran perfectly" (Adverb modifies verb). এখানে Conjunction এর ব্যবহার নেই, তবে প্রশ্নটি এই সেকশনে ছিল। 15. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'As if' এর পরে 'were' বসে (unreal comparison)। "As if I were  their own son." 16. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'While' এর পরে Past Continuous tense বসে। "While I was cooking ". PSC & Other Exam Answers 01. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' এখানে দুটি ক্লজকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। 02. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' দুটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করেছে (Run fast... you will miss...), তাই এটি Conjunction। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' হলো Conjunction। 04. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Though' (যদিও) দুটি বিপরীতধর্মী বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 05. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "While going to office..." ('While' + verb-ing)। 06. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Even though' (এমনকি যদিও) শক্তিশালী বৈপরীত্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 07. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Hardly had... when...' স্ট্রাকচার। তাই 'when' বসবে। 08. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'While' এর পর continuous tense (were watching) আছে। 09. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' বিপরীতধর্মী দুটি পছন্দকে যুক্ত করেছে (likes orange but does not like apple)। 10. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'No sooner had... than...' স্ট্রাকচার। 11. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Scarcely had... when...' স্ট্রাকচার। 12. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' এখানে Conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 13. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' হলো Conjunction। 14. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "While cleaning" (While + verb-ing)। 15. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Waiting... but she never came" (বিপরীত ফলাফল)। 16. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Since' কারণ দর্শাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (Since tornado had hit...)। 17. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Although' (যদিও) বৈপরীত্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 18. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Neither... nor..." স্ট্রাকচার। 19. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Though' (যদিও) ব্যবহৃত হবে। 20. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "Not only... but also..."। 21. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'So that' (যাতে) উদ্দেশ্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 22. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' হলো Conjunction। 23. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  বাক্যের অর্থ নেতিবাচক (is neither rich nor famous), তাই "neither; nor" সঠিক। 24. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পর 'should' বসে। "Lest we should miss..."। 25. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "So kind as  to..." এটি একটি স্ট্রাকচার। 26. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' (নতুবা) সতর্কবাণী বা বিকল্প বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। "Hurry up or  you will be late." 27. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পর 'should' বসে। 28. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "He works hard that  he may succeed." এখানে 'that' উদ্দেশ্যমূলক Conjunction (so that অর্থে)। 29. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Nobody but  Alam" (আলম ছাড়া কেউ না)। এখানে 'but' Preposition বা Conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে, তবে সাধারণত এটিকে Preposition ধরা হয় যখন এটি 'except' অর্থ দেয়, কিন্তু কিছু গ্রামারে এটি Conjunction হিসেবেও আলোচিত হয়। প্রশ্নে অপশন অনুযায়ী 'but' সঠিক। 31. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Karim is tall, while  Rahim is taller." (তুলনা বুঝাতে while ব্যবহৃত হয়)। 32. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Neither... nor' যুক্ত বাক্যে verb নিকটবর্তী subject (her brother - singular) অনুযায়ী হয়। তাই 'was' সঠিক। 33. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Than' এখানে দুটি ক্লজকে তুলনা করছে (He is taller than I am), তাই এটি Conjunction।

CONJUNCTION Part 1: Primary Discussion যে Word দুই বা ততোধিক word, phrase, clause বা sentence কে যুক্ত করে তাকে Conjunction  (সংযোজক অব্যয়) বলে। Conjunction বাক্যের বিভিন্ন অংশের মধ্যে সংযোগ স্থাপন করে বাক্যের অর্থকে সম্পূর্ণ ও সাবলীল করে। Words:  Bread and  butter. Phrases:  In the morning or  in the evening. Clauses:  I went to bed because  I was tired. Sentences:  He is poor. But  he is honest. Conjunction প্রধানত তিন প্রকার: Coordinating Conjunction Subordinating Conjunction Correlative Conjunction Part 2: Important Rules with Previous Questions 1. Coordinating Conjunction যে Conjunction একই জাতীয় বা সমশ্রেণির দুটি word, phrase বা clause কে যুক্ত করে তাকে Coordinating Conjunction বলে। (Coordinate clauses are independent clauses). Common Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS): F  = For (কারণ) A  = And (এবং) N  = Nor (না) B  = But (কিন্তু) O  = Or (অথবা) Y  = Yet (তবুও) S  = So (তাই) Ex:  He is poor but  honest. Ex:  Walk fast or  you will miss the train. Ex:  He is poor but honest. In this sentence which is conjunction? [Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, 15-16] (A) He (B) Poor (C) But (D) Honest Ans: (C) 2. Subordinating Conjunction যে Conjunction একটি Principal Clause এর সাথে এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause কে যুক্ত করে তাকে Subordinating Conjunction বলে। Common Subordinating Conjunctions: After, although, as, as if, as long as, as though, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order that, lest, provided that, since, so that, than, that, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether, while. Ex:  Wait here until  I come back. Ex:  We eat so that  we may live. Ex:  Scarcely had he come __ it started raining. [RU-C: 22-23] (A) than (B) when (C) then (D) that Ans: (B) 3. Correlative Conjunction যে Conjunction গুলো জোড়ায় জোড়ায় ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Correlative Conjunction বলে। Common Correlative Conjunctions: Either... or Neither... nor Not only... but also Both... and Whether... or Such... as So... as As... as No sooner... than Scarcely/Hardly... when Ex:   Either  he or  his brother has done this. Ex:  He is not only  a student but also  a player. Ex:   Karim Rahim will go there. [DU-D: 03-04] (A) Both, or (B) Either, or (C) Neither, or (D) Whether, and Ans: (B) Important Uses of Some Conjunctions Rule-01: No sooner... than, Scarcely... when, Hardly... when এগুলো দ্বারা "করতে না করতেই", "যেতে না যেতেই" ইত্যাদি অর্থ প্রকাশ পায়। প্রথম অংশ Past Perfect Tense এবং পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়। Structure:  No sooner had + sub + V3 + ... than  + sub + V2 + ... Ex:   No sooner had  I reached the station than  the train left. Ex:   Scarcely had  we reached the school when  the bell rang. Ex:  No sooner had the thief seen the police __ he ran away. [13th BCS] (A) when (B) than (C) then (D) so Ans: (B) Rule-02: As if / As though As if বা as though এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয়। আবার প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect হয়। (Be verb থাকলে সর্বদাই 'were' বসে)। Ex:  He talks as if  he knew  everything. Ex:  He talked as though  he had known  everything. Ex:  He speaks as if  he were  a mad. Ex:  He talks as if he __ mad. [23rd BCS] (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) has been Ans: (C) Rule-03: Lest পাছে ভয় হয় যে / যাতে না ঘটে এই অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Lest যুক্ত clause এ subject এর পর should  বা might  বসে। Ex:  Walk fast lest  you should  miss the train. Ex:  Read diligently lest you __ fail in the examination. [28th BCS] (A) might (B) should (C) will (D) can Ans: (B) Rule-04: Since (i) Since এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite/Perfect হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite হয়। (ii) Since এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect হয়। Ex:  It is many years since  we met . Ex:  It was many years since  we had met . Ex:  It is many years since I __ you. [10th BCS] (A) met (B) meet (C) have met (D) had met Ans: (A) Rule-05: So that / In order that উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। প্রথম অংশ Present Tense হলে পরের অংশে can/may বসে। প্রথম অংশ Past Tense হলে পরের অংশে could/might বসে। Ex:  We eat so that  we may  live. Ex:  He worked hard so that  he could  shine in life. Rule-06: Unless Unless অর্থ "যদি না"। এটি নিজেই নেতিবাচক অর্থ প্রকাশ করে, তাই Unless যুক্ত অংশে not বসে না। Ex:   Unless  you work hard, you will fail. Rule-07: Until / Till Until অর্থ "যে পর্যন্ত না" (নেতিবাচক), Till অর্থ "যে পর্যন্ত" (ইতিবাচক)। তবে ব্যবহারিক ক্ষেত্রে দুটোই সময় নির্দেশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Wait here until  I come back. Rule-08: While While এর ঠিক পরেই verb থাকলে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। কিন্তু While এর পরে subject থাকলে Past Continuous Tense হয়। Ex:   While walking  in the garden, I saw a snake. Ex:   While I was walking  in the garden, I saw a snake. Part 3: Self Practice with Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. Choose the correct sentence.  [DU-B: 14-15] (A) Scarcely had he gone than a policeman knocked at the door. (B) Scarcely had he gone when a policeman knocked at the door. (C) Scarcely did he go than a policeman knocked at the door. (D) Scarcely had he gone then a policeman knocked at the door. Ans: (B)  (Scarcely... when) 02. __ I had known you were coming, I would have met you at the station.  [DU-D: 97-98] (A) If (B) Had (C) In case (D) Even if Ans: (A)  (Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, ... would have + V3) JU Questions & Answers 01. 'Whatever' is a/an-  [JU-A: 20-21] (A) Adjective (B) Pronoun (C) Conjunction (D) Adverb Ans: (C)  (Also acts as a relative pronoun, but functions as a conjunction linking clauses here) 02. __ he is rich, he is unhappy.  [JU-B: 12-13] (A) Since (B) As (C) Although (D) If Ans: (C)  (বৈপরীত্য বোঝাতে Although বসে) RU Questions & Answers 01. We waited __ the bus came.  [RU-A: 15-16] (A) till (B) until (C) as (D) unless Ans: (B) 02. Make hay __ the sun shines.  [RU-E: 08-09] (A) while (B) when (C) as (D) for Ans: (A) BCS & Other Exams 01. If I had known you were coming __.  [32nd BCS] (A) I would go to the station (B) I had gone to the station (C) I would have gone to the station (D) I went to the station Ans: (C) 02. 50 miles __ a long way.  [24th BCS] (A) are (B) is (C) be (D) were Ans: (B)  (Distance singular verb) Part 4: SELF TEST 01. He ran fast __ he should miss the train. (A) lest (B) unless (C) if (D) until Ans: (A) 02. __ he is poor, he is honest. (A) Since (B) As (C) Though (D) Because Ans: (C) 03. Wait here __ I return. (A) while (B) until (C) as (D) unless Ans: (B) 04. Neither he __ his brother was present. (A) or (B) nor (C) and (D) but Ans: (B) 05. He speaks as if he __ mad. (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) has been Ans: (C) 06. No sooner had we reached the station __ the train left. (A) when (B) than (C) then (D) before Ans: (B) 07. Work hard __ you will fail. (A) and (B) but (C) or (D) so Ans: (C) 08. Both Rina __ Mina are good students. (A) or (B) nor (C) and (D) as Ans: (C) 09. He is weak __ he can walk. (A) but (B) and (C) or (D) so Ans: (A) 10. It is a long time since I __ you. (A) see (B) saw (C) seen (D) have seen Ans: (B) CONJUNCTION BCS Questions 1. He sat behind me, but in front of you. Here 'but' is used as - / By the end of the day we were tired but Happy. Here 'but' is - / He is poor but honest. In this sentence 'but' is - / He could not win but learn a lot. Which part of speech in the word 'but'? [44th BCS] A. a conjunction B. interjection C. an adverb D. verb Ans: A 2. 'I shall help you provided you obey me.' Here the underlined word is a/an- [41st BCS] A. adverb B. adjective C. conjunction D. verb Ans: C 3. Choose the correct option: Even as harvesting was going on ______ [26th BCS] A. the rainy season began. B. the rainy season was began. C. the rainy season had began. D. the rainy season begins. Ans: A 4. The path ______ paved, so we were able to walk through the path. [22nd BCS] A. was B. had been C. has been D. being Ans: B 5. As they waited, Rahim argued against war ______ [21st BCS] A. while his brother discusses the effects of pollution. B. while his brother discussed the effects of pollution. C. while his brother was discussing the effects of pollution. D. while his brother had discussed the effects of pollution. Ans: C 6. An intensive search was conducted by the detective to locate those criminals, who- [20th BCS] A. have had escaped B. had escaped C. are escaping D. have been escaping Ans: B 7. কোনটি Conjunction? [প্রা. সহ. শি. ২০১০] A. or B. out C. very D. for Ans: A 8. Walk carefully lest ______ [13th NTRCA] A. you will fall B. you should stumble C. you would have fallen D. you might lose the way Ans: B Bank Questions 1. Choose appropriate word to join: 'She was waiting for a taxi. ______ She found car broken down.' [7 Banks Officer 2021] A. when B. and C. yet D. as if Ans: A 2. Find the correct question tag: Let us discuss, ______ [7 Banks Officer 2021] A. can we? B. do we? C. shall we? D. don't we? Ans: C 3. I hurt my leg ______ I was playing football yesterday. [5 Govt. Banks 2021] A. while B. during C. for D. in Ans: A 4. Find the best linking word to join: a. 'You are celebrating the birthday'. b. Your friend is dead serious.' [Banks & FI SO 2021] A. whence B. since C. whereas D. as Ans: C 5. Join two parts: 'She completed all tasks'; '______ a big surprise'. [PKB Officer 2021] A. was B. that was C. which was D. it is Ans: C 6. He refused to attend the meeting ______ his illness. [Janata Bank 2020] A. on part of B. on point of C. on the ground of D. with a view to Ans: C 7. The best conjunction to link is - for joining sentences: ______ [Rupali Bank 2019] A. when B. since C. otherwise D. wheather Ans: D 8. We cannot process the order ______ we get a copy of the purchase order. [BSC Officer 2019] A. until B. because C. that D. when Ans: A 9. ______ she reached the exam hall than the door closed. [Agrani Bank 2017] A. As sooner as B. No sooner had C. As soon as D. No sooner Ans: B 10. His fever is ______ to ignore. [Agrani Bank 2017] A. too much high B. much too high C. high to much D. so high Ans: B 11. An air conditioner works in the same way ______ a refrigerator. [SIBL PO 2017] A. by B. as C. as if D. to be Ans: B 12. Birds not only bring song, color, and activity to a garden ______ are vitally needed by plants. [SIBL PO 2017] A. but also B. and C. as well as D. an they Ans: A 13. Complete the sentence. He talks as if ______. [BRDB Asst. Officer 2012] A. he was mad B. he were mad C. he had been mad D. he is mad Ans: B 14. After it was repaired, it ______ again. [Pubali Bank 2012] A. ran perfect B. could run perfect C. run perfect D. ran perfectly Ans: D 15. They are very kind to me. They treat me ______ their own son. [Pubali Bank 2012] A. like I am B. as if I were C. as if I am D. as if I are Ans: B 16. My uncle arrived while I ______ the dinner. [Standard Bank 2012] A. would cook B. had cooked C. cook D. was cooking Ans: D 17. He could not win but learnt a lot. Which parts of speech is the word 'but'? [BREB 2024] A. an adverb B. a verb C. an adjective D. a conjunction Ans: D 18. Run fast or you will miss the train. Here 'or' is- [Health Dept 2024] A. adverb B. preposition C. interjection D. conjunction Ans: D 19. Which one is Conjunction? [Biman Bangladesh 2023] A. or B. very C. out D. for Ans: A 20. Choose the correct conjunction to combine the sentences: We won the war ______ It costs us millions of lives: [Various Ministries 2022] A. as if B. though C. until D. since Ans: B 21. ______ going to office, I met an accident. [Health Ministry 2022] A. When B. On C. While D. Behind Ans: C 22. Choose the correct linking word: He wasn't able to finish his work ______ he tried as hard as he could. [Education Ministry 2022] A. if B. besides C. but D. even though Ans: D 23. She had hardly seen her mother ______ she stopped crying. [BSCIC 2019] A. then B. than C. when D. so Ans: C 24. They arrived ______ we were watching TV. [Labour Ministry 2019] A. as soon as B. because C. so that D. while Ans: D 25. To complete the sentence, 'Maruf likes orange, ______ he does not like apple.' [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. as B. but C. after D. so Ans: B 26. Fill in the blank: No sooner had I seen the bird ______ it flew away. [Various Ministries 2019] A. than B. when C. just D. after Ans: A 27. Scarcely had the game started ______ the doorbell rang. [Cultural Affairs 2011] A. than B. if C. then D. when Ans: D 28. He could not win but learned a lot. Which parts of speech is the word 'but'? [Film Dept 2011] A. An adjective B. An adverb C. A verb D. A conjunction Ans: D 29. He is poor but honest. In this sentence which is a conjunction? [Govt. High School 2019] A. poor B. honest C. but D. he Ans: C 30. He found the gold coin ______ the floor. [Defence Ministry 2018] A. as he had cleaned B. while he cleans C. which he is cleaning D. while cleaning Ans: D 31. I was waiting for Ushoshi ______ she never came. [Senior Staff Nurse 2018] A. but B. while C. and D. as Ans: A 32. They suffered much ______ tornado had hit their village. [CGDF 2018] A. until B. since C. as if D. let alone Ans: B 33. ______ glass is, for all practical purposes, a solid, its molecular structure is that of a liquid. [BREB 2018] A. Because B. Since C. Although D. If Ans: C 34. ______ they met us nor we met them. [Public Health Eng 2018] A. Nor B. Neither C. If D. Either Ans: B 35. ______ the situation infuriated him, he did his best to hide his anger. [CGDF 2017] A. Because B. Though C. As D. Since Ans: B 36. The hybrid cars have ______ the features of a luxury car but also the efficiency of using less fuel than the normal cars. [CGDF 2017] A. That B. in addition C. all D. not only Ans: D 37. He advised us ______ we could encourage the children. [BBS 2017] A. so that B. that C. so D. as Ans: A 38. 'By the end of the day we were tired but happy.' The underlined word is- [PWD 2017] A. a preposition B. an adjective C. a conjunction D. an adverb Ans: C 39. Identify the appropriate conjunction: The common man is ______ rich ______ famous. [Railway 2017] A. but; and B. not only; but also C. either, or D. neither; nor Ans: D 40. We hurried ______ we should miss the train. [ICT 2017] A. or B. otherwise C. lest D. than Ans: C 41. Would you be so kind ______ to keep me informed? [ICT 2017] A. that B. enough C. as D. much Ans: C 42. Hurry up ______ you will be late. [Nursing 2017] A. and B. but C. though D. or Ans: D 43. The girl is running ______ she should miss the train. [LGRD 2017] A. fast B. or C. unless D. lest Ans: D 44. In which sentence 'that' is used as a conjunction? [Foreign Ministry 2017] A. That is what I want. B. What is that noise? C. The evil that men do remains after them. D. He works hard that he may succeed. Ans: D 45. Nobody ______ Alam knew the way. [Railway 2016] A. without B. but C. that D. beside Ans: B 46. Karim is tall, ______ Rahim is taller. [Postal 2016] A. while B. so C. but D. as Ans: C 47. 'Neither she nor her brother ______ present yesterday. [Railway 2024] A. were B. was C. have been D. is Ans: B 48. In the sentence "He is taller than I."- the underlined word is a/an- [Various Ministries 2016] A. Adjective B. Noun C. Preposition D. Conjunction Ans: D ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS BCS Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' শব্দটি এখানে দুটি বাক্য বা শব্দকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। যেমন: He is poor but  honest. 02. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Provided' এখানে 'if' (যদি) অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং দুটি ক্লজকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Even as" (যখন) একটি conjunction phrase যা দুটি ঘটনাকে যুক্ত করছে। "Even as harvesting was going on, the rainy season began." 04. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "The path had been  paved" (Past Perfect Passive), so we were able to walk. 05. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "While" এর পরে সাধারণত Continuous tense ব্যবহৃত হয়। "While his brother was discussing ..." (Past Continuous). 06. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "who had escaped ". এটি Past Perfect tense হবে কারণ detective খোঁজার আগেই তারা পালিয়েছিল। Primary Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' একটি Conjunction যা বিকল্প নির্দেশ করে। Teacher Registration Answers 01. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পরে subject + should/might + verb এর base form বসে। তাই "you should  stumble" সঠিক। Bank Answers 01. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "She found..." বাক্যটি পূর্বের অংশের সাথে 'when' (যখন) দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে অর্থপূর্ণ হয়। "When she was waiting..." 02. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Let us' (Let's) থাকলে Tag question এ "shall we?" হয়। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "While" এর পর continuous tense হয়। "While I was playing..." 04. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Whereas' বৈপরীত্য বা তুলনা বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। "You are celebrating... whereas your friend is dead serious." 05. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "She completed all tasks; that was  a big surprise." (Relative clause or demonstrative connecting ideas). 06. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "On the ground of" অর্থ কারণে/ভিত্তিতে। 07. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  সাধারণত দুটি ঘটনা যুক্ত করতে 'when' ব্যবহৃত হয়। 08. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Until' (যতক্ষণ না) শর্ত বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 09. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "No sooner had... than..." স্ট্রাকচারটি ব্যবহৃত হয়। 10. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Much too high" (adjective এর আগে much too বসে)। "Too much" noun এর আগে বসে। 11. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "In the same way as" - এটি একটি তুলনামূলক phrase। 12. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Not only... but also" কো-রিলেটিভ কনজাংশন। 13. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'As if' এর আগে Present tense থাকলে পরে Past indefinite (unreal past) হয়। "He talks as if he were  mad." 14. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "Ran perfectly" (Adverb modifies verb). এখানে Conjunction এর ব্যবহার নেই, তবে প্রশ্নটি এই সেকশনে ছিল। 15. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'As if' এর পরে 'were' বসে (unreal comparison)। "As if I were  their own son." 16. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'While' এর পরে Past Continuous tense বসে। "While I was cooking ". PSC & Other Exam Answers 01. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' এখানে দুটি ক্লজকে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Conjunction। 02. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' দুটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করেছে (Run fast... you will miss...), তাই এটি Conjunction। 03. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' হলো Conjunction। 04. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Though' (যদিও) দুটি বিপরীতধর্মী বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 05. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "While going to office..." ('While' + verb-ing)। 06. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Even though' (এমনকি যদিও) শক্তিশালী বৈপরীত্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 07. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Hardly had... when...' স্ট্রাকচার। তাই 'when' বসবে। 08. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'While' এর পর continuous tense (were watching) আছে। 09. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' বিপরীতধর্মী দুটি পছন্দকে যুক্ত করেছে (likes orange but does not like apple)। 10. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'No sooner had... than...' স্ট্রাকচার। 11. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Scarcely had... when...' স্ট্রাকচার। 12. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' এখানে Conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 13. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' হলো Conjunction। 14. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "While cleaning" (While + verb-ing)। 15. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Waiting... but she never came" (বিপরীত ফলাফল)। 16. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Since' কারণ দর্শাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (Since tornado had hit...)। 17. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Although' (যদিও) বৈপরীত্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 18. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Neither... nor..." স্ট্রাকচার। 19. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Though' (যদিও) ব্যবহৃত হবে। 20. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "Not only... but also..."। 21. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  'So that' (যাতে) উদ্দেশ্য বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 22. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'But' হলো Conjunction। 23. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  বাক্যের অর্থ নেতিবাচক (is neither rich nor famous), তাই "neither; nor" সঠিক। 24. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পর 'should' বসে। "Lest we should miss..."। 25. Ans: C ব্যাখ্যা:  "So kind as  to..." এটি একটি স্ট্রাকচার। 26. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Or' (নতুবা) সতর্কবাণী বা বিকল্প বুঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। "Hurry up or  you will be late." 27. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Lest' এর পর 'should' বসে। 28. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  "He works hard that  he may succeed." এখানে 'that' উদ্দেশ্যমূলক Conjunction (so that অর্থে)। 29. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  "Nobody but  Alam" (আলম ছাড়া কেউ না)। এখানে 'but' Preposition বা Conjunction হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে, তবে সাধারণত এটিকে Preposition ধরা হয় যখন এটি 'except' অর্থ দেয়, কিন্তু কিছু গ্রামারে এটি Conjunction হিসেবেও আলোচিত হয়। প্রশ্নে অপশন অনুযায়ী 'but' সঠিক। 31. Ans: A ব্যাখ্যা:  "Karim is tall, while  Rahim is taller." (তুলনা বুঝাতে while ব্যবহৃত হয়)। 32. Ans: B ব্যাখ্যা:  'Neither... nor' যুক্ত বাক্যে verb নিকটবর্তী subject (her brother - singular) অনুযায়ী হয়। তাই 'was' সঠিক। 33. Ans: D ব্যাখ্যা:  'Than' এখানে দুটি ক্লজকে তুলনা করছে (He is taller than I am), তাই এটি Conjunction।

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT Part 1: Primary Discussion Subject-Verb Agreement  বলতে বাক্যের Subject অনুযায়ী Verb এর সঠিক ব্যবহারকে বোঝায়। বাক্যে Subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী Verb এর রূপ পরিবর্তিত হয়। সাধারণ নিয়ম হলো: Subject যদি Singular  হয়, তবে Verb ও Singular  হবে। Subject যদি Plural  হয়, তবে Verb ও Plural  হবে। He reads a book.  (Subject 'He' singular, তাই verb 'reads' singular) They read books.  (Subject 'They' plural, তাই verb 'read' plural) Part 2: Important Rules with Previous Questions Rule-01: Basic Agreement Subject এবং Verb এর number একই হতে হবে। Singular Subject = Singular Verb Plural Subject = Plural Verb Ex:  The color of his eyes is  blue. (Subject 'The color' singular) Ex:  The players are  tired. (Subject 'The players' plural) Rule-02: Prepositional Phrase Subject এর সাথে Prepositional phrase যুক্ত থাকলে মূল Subject অনুযায়ী verb নির্ধারিত হয়। Preposition এর পরের অংশ (Object of preposition) verb কে প্রভাবিত করে না। Ex:  The quality of the mangoes is  good. (এখানে মূল subject 'The quality', 'mangoes' নয়।) Ex:  The players in the field are  playing well. Ex:  The danger of forest fires is  not to be taken lightly. [DU-D: 97-98] (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) have Ans: (A) Rule-03: 'And' দ্বারা যুক্ত Subject দুই বা ততোধিক Singular Subject যদি 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়, তবে Verb Plural  হয়। Ex:  Gold and Silver are  precious metals. Ex:  Fire and water do  not agree. Exception:  যদি 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি noun একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে, তবে Verb Singular  হয়। Ex:  The Headmaster and Secretary was  present. (একই ব্যক্তি) কিন্তু:  The Headmaster and the Secretary were  present. (আলাদা ব্যক্তি - কারণ উভয়ের আগে article 'the' আছে) Ex:  Bread and butter is  my favorite breakfast. (একই খাবার হিসেবে গণ্য) Ex:  Slow and steady wins  the race. Ex:  Bread and butter is  necessary for his life. [DU-C: 05-06] (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (C) Rule-04: With, Together with, Along with, As well as যদি দুটি subject নিচের শব্দগুলো দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে, তবে প্রথম subject  অনুযায়ী verb বসে: with, together with, along with, accompanied by, as well as, in addition to, including, excluding, and not. Ex:  The chairman, along with the members, has  come. (Subject 'The chairman' singular) Ex:  Rahim, as well as his brothers, is  coming. Ex:  Television, as well as the radio, has  an important place in our daily life. [DU-D: 92-93] (A) have (B) has (C) are (D) is Ans: (B) Rule-05: Either...or, Neither...nor যদি দুটি subject Or, Nor, Either...or, Neither...nor  দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে, তবে Verb এর নিকটবর্তী subject  (দ্বিতীয় subject) অনুযায়ী verb বসে। Ex:  Either he or his brothers are  guilty. (Verb এর কাছের subject 'brothers' plural) Ex:  Neither the players nor the coach was  present. (Verb এর কাছের subject 'coach' singular) Ex:  Neither the moon nor the stars were  visible. [DU-B: 12-13] (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) were Ans: (D) Rule-06: Indefinite Pronouns নিচের Indefinite Pronoun গুলো Subject হলে Verb সর্বদা Singular  হয়: Each, Every, Either, Neither, One, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No one, Nobody, Nothing, Someone, Somebody, Something. Ex:  Each of the boys has  got a prize. Ex:  Everybody wants  to be happy. Ex:  Neither of the pens writes  well. Ex:  Each of the sons followed his  father's trade. [33rd BCS] (A) their (B) her (C) whose (D) his Ans: (D)  (Pronoun ও Singular হবে) Rule-07: Collective Noun Collective Noun (যেমন: Jury, Committee, Team, Army, Class, Family) সাধারণত Singular Verb  গ্রহণ করে যখন তারা সমষ্টিগতভাবে কাজ করে। কিন্তু যদি সদস্যদের মধ্যে মতভেদ বা বিভাজন বোঝায় (Noun of Multitude), তবে Plural Verb  বসে। Ex:  The jury is  unanimous in its decision. (ঐকমত্য - Singular) Ex:  The jury are  divided in their opinions. (বিভক্ত - Plural) Rule-08: Relative Pronoun Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) এর পরে যে Verb বসে, তা তার Antecedent  (পূর্বপদ) অনুযায়ী নির্ধারিত হয়। Ex:  It is I who am  responsible. (Antecedent 'I') Ex:  It is you who are  to blame. (Antecedent 'You') Ex:  He is one of the boys who have  done this. (Antecedent 'boys' plural, তাই have) Ex:  It is I who am  to blame. [DU-B: 09-10] (A) am (B) is (C) are (D) was Ans: (A) Rule-09: Uncountable Noun Uncountable Noun এর পরে সর্বদা Singular Verb  বসে। Examples:  Water, air, sand, news, physics, mathematics, scenery, information, furniture, advice, machinery, traffic, money, hair ইত্যাদি। Ex:  The news is  bad. Ex:  Mathematics is  my favorite subject. Ex:  Physics is  difficult for me. Ex:  Ill news runs  fast. [RU-E: 06-07] (A) run (B) runs (C) ran (D) running Ans: (B) Rule-10: Plural Nouns with Singular Meaning কিছু Noun দেখতে Plural মনে হলেও অর্থের দিক থেকে Singular, তাই এদের পর Singular Verb  বসে। Examples:  News, Politics, Economics, Physics, Mathematics, Gallows, Innings, Athletics, Ethics. Ex:  Politics is  a dirty game. Ex:  Choosing the correct sentence: [24th BCS] (A) The gallows has been erected. (B) The gallows have been erected. (C) The gallows has been being erected. (D) The gallows have been being erected. Ans: (A) Rule-11: Distance, Time, Money দূরত্ব, সময়, বা টাকার পরিমাণ দেখতে Plural হলেও, যখন একটি নির্দিষ্ট একক হিসেবে বোঝায় তখন Verb Singular  হয়। Ex:  Fifty miles is  a long distance. Ex:  Ten thousand dollars is  a lot of money. Ex:  Ten miles is  a long distance. [DU-C: 08-09] (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) be Ans: (C) Rule-12: A number of vs The number of A number of  (অনেক) + Plural Noun + Plural Verb . The number of  (সংখ্যাটি) + Plural Noun + Singular Verb . Ex:  A number of students were  present. Ex:  The number of students was  fifty. Ex:  A number of students were  absent. [IU-B: 11-12] (A) was (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (B) Rule-13: One of One of the  + Plural Noun + Singular Verb . Ex:  One of the boys is  absent. Ex:  One of the most important factors that influence the learning process is  language. [DU-D: 07-08] (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) have Ans: (B) Rule-14: Fractional Numbers (ভগ্নাংশ) ভগ্নাংশের ক্ষেত্রে 'of' এর পরের Noun অনুযায়ী Verb বসে। Fraction + of + Uncountable Noun -> Singular Verb. Fraction + of + Countable Plural Noun -> Plural Verb. Ex:  Two-thirds of the work is  done. (Work uncountable) Ex:  Two-thirds of the students are  present. (Students countable plural) Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. Choose the correct option: Neither of the two boys _____ selected.  [DU-B: 23-24] (A) has (B) have (C) was (D) were Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Neither of' এর পর noun plural হলেও verb singular হয়। 02. The number of students seeking admission _____ increased.  [DU-D: 15-16] (A) have (B) has (C) are (D) were Ans: (B) Explanation:  'The number of' থাকলে verb singular হয়। 03. Bread and butter _____ my favorite breakfast.  [DU-C: 05-06] (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Bread and butter' কে এখানে একটি খাবার (breakfast) হিসেবে বিবেচনা করা হয়েছে, তাই singular. 04. Time and tide _____ for none.  [DU-A: 07-08] (A) wait (B) waits (C) waited (D) waiting Ans: (A) Explanation:  Time and tide (সময় ও স্রোত) ভিন্ন দুটি সত্তা, তাই verb plural (wait) হয়। 05. Either you or he _____ to blame.  [DU-B: 10-11] (A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have Ans: (A) Explanation:  Either...or থাকলে verb এর কাছের subject (he) অনুযায়ী verb হয়। JU Questions & Answers 01. Slow and steady _____ the race.  [JU-A: 12-13] (A) win (B) wins (C) won (D) winning Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Slow and steady' একটি ধারণা বা প্রবাদ হিসেবে singular ধরা হয়। 02. Many a man _____ trying to do it.  [JU-B: 14-15] (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Many a' এর পর noun এবং verb উভয়ই Singular হয়। RU Questions & Answers 01. Ten thousand dollars _____ a lot of money.  [RU-C: 16-17] (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) have Ans: (B) Explanation:  নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ টাকা/অর্থ singular হিসেবে গণ্য হয়। 02. The Captain with his team members _____ arrived.  [RU-A: 18-19] (A) have (B) has (C) were (D) are Ans: (B) Explanation:  'with' দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে প্রথম subject (The Captain) অনুযায়ী verb হয়। BCS & Other Exams 01. Neither Rini nor Simi _____ qualified for the job.  [40th BCS] (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) have Ans: (A) Explanation:  Neither...nor এর ক্ষেত্রে ২য় subject (Simi) অনুযায়ী verb হবে। 02. One of my friends _____ a lawyer.  [38th BCS] (A) are (B) is (C) were (D) have Ans: (B) Explanation:  'One of' + Plural Noun -> Singular Verb. TEST 01. The headmaster and secretary _____ present in the meeting. (A) was (B) were (C) have (D) are Ans: (A)  (একই ব্যক্তি, কারণ 'the' শুধু headmaster এর আগে আছে) 02. Every boy and every girl _____ given a packet of sweets. (A) was (B) were (C) are (D) have Ans: (A)  (Every থাকলে verb singular হয়) 03. Neither the chairman nor the members _____ present. (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has Ans: (C)  (Neither...nor এর ক্ষেত্রে কাছের subject 'members' plural, তাই verb plural) 04. Physics _____ my favorite subject. (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (C)  (Subject singular) 05. A large number of people _____ there. (A) was (B) is (C) were (D) has Ans: (C)  ('A number of' takes plural verb) 06. Fifty kilograms _____ not a heavy weight. (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have Ans: (C)  (নির্দিষ্ট ওজন singular) 07. One of the boys _____ done the work. (A) have (B) has (C) were (D) are Ans: (B)  (One of... singular verb) 08. The father, as well as his sons, _____ present. (A) were (B) are (C) was (D) have Ans: (C)  ('As well as' থাকলে প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী verb হয়) 09. There _____ a high school and a college in our village. (A) is (B) are (C) was (D) has Ans: (B)  (Subject 'a high school and a college' plural, তাই 'are') 10. It is I who _____ to blame. (A) is (B) am (C) are (D) has Ans: (B)  (Relative pronoun 'who' এর antecedent 'I', তাই 'am')

TOPIC: ADVERB Classification of Adverb Primary Discussion  Adverb (ভাব বিশেষণ) হলো এমন একটি word, যা noun বা pronoun ব্যতীত অন্য কোনো Parts of Speech-কে (বিশেষ করে verb, adjective বা অন্য adverb-কে) modify বা বিশেষিত করে। সহজ কথায়, verb-কে 'কোথায়', 'কখন', 'কীভাবে' ইত্যাদি দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে উত্তরে যে word পাওয়া যায় তা-ই adverb। Tinni always reads a story book. She is really brilliant.   (প্রথম বাক্যে always শব্দটি read (verb)-কে এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে really শব্দটি brilliant (adj.)-কে বিশেষিত করছে, তাই এরা adverb।) Types of Adverbs কাজের ধরন অনুযায়ী Adverb প্রধানত চার প্রকার: Simple Adverb Relative Adverb Conjunctive Adverb Interrogative Adverb 1. Simple Adverb যেসব adverb বাক্যে verb, adjective এবং অন্য কোনো adverb-কে বিশেষিত করে, তাদের simple adverb বলে। এটি সাত প্রকার: (i) Adverb of Time (সময়বাচক):  ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের সময় নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, soon, early, late, recently, etc. Ex:  He has recently  come. চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'when' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (ii) Adverb of Place (স্থানবাচক):  ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের স্থান নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Here, there, everywhere, nowhere, up, down, in, out, etc. Ex:  I looked for it everywhere . চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'where' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (iii) Adverb of Manner (আচরণবাচক):  ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের ধরন নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Slowly, quickly, carefully, badly, well, fast, hard, etc. Ex:  She accomplished this bravely . চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'how' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (iv) Adverb of Frequency (বারংবারতা):  ক্রিয়া কতবার বা কতক্ষণ পর পর ঘটে তা নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Once, twice, always, never, often, sometimes, usually, etc. Ex:  He often  makes mistakes. চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'how often' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (v) Adverb of Degree (পরিমাণবাচক):  ক্রিয়ার মাত্রা বা পরিমাণ নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Very, much, too, quite, almost, enough, fully, etc. Ex:  The mangoes are almost  ripe. চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'how much' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (vi) Adverb of Reason (কারণবাচক):  ক্রিয়া সংঘটনের কারণ নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Therefore, hence, thus, so, consequently, etc. Ex:  She did not study; therefore  she failed. চেনার উপায়:  Verb-কে 'why' দ্বারা প্রশ্ন করলে পাওয়া যায়। (vii) Adverb of Order (ক্রমবাচক):  কাজের ধারাবাহিক ক্রম নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  First, second, third, finally, lastly, etc. Ex:   Secondly , we should collect the money. 2. Relative Adverb যে adverb কোনো relative clause শুরু করে এবং antecedent-এর পরে বসে স্থান, কাল বা কারণ নির্দেশ করে। Examples:  Where, when, why. Ex:  I know the time when  he will come. 3. Conjunctive Adverb যে adverb দুটি clause বা sentence-কে সংযুক্ত করে। Examples:  However, moreover, therefore, consequently, besides, etc. Ex:  I wanted to go; however , I was too busy. 4. Interrogative Adverb যে adverb প্রশ্ন করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Examples:  When, where, how, why. Ex:   Where  are you going? Exercise: Classification of Adverb Choose the correct classification for the underlined/bold words: 01. I have been living in Dhaka ______ 2000. [DU-A: 24-25] (A) since (B) from (C) in (D) for Ans: (A)  ( Since  indicates a point of time in perfect continuous tenses.) 02. It is ______ hot today. [DU-7 College (Science): 21-22] (A) very (B) too (C) much (D) many Ans: (A)  ( Very  modifies adjectives like 'hot'.) 03. 'Please, come again'. Here 'Please' is- [JnU-A: 12-13] (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Conjunction (D) Pronoun Ans: (B)  ( Please  modifies the whole sentence, acting as a sentence adverb.) 04. The word 'homely' is- [JnU-B: 14-15] (A) noun (B) verb (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (C)  (Noun + ly = Adjective; Home + ly = Homely.) 05. 'Near' is- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) Adverb (B) Adjective (C) Preposition (D) All of the above Ans: (D)  (Can be used as all three depending on context.) 06. He works hard. 'Hard' is- [JU-C: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B)  ( Hard  modifies the verb works .) 07. 'He is quite well now'. Here 'well' is- [CU-A: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (B)  (Here well  refers to health condition, so it is an adjective.) 08. The word 'hardly' is- [CU-D: 19-20] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Verb (D) Noun Ans: (B)  ( Hardly  is an adverb of frequency meaning 'almost not'.) Formation of Adverb Adjective এর শেষে সাধারণত 'ly' যোগ করে adverb গঠন করতে হয়। Adjective + ly Adverb Adjective + ly Adverb Slow + ly Slowly Firm + ly Firmly Quick + ly Quickly Sad + ly Sadly Abrupt + ly Abruptly Harsh + ly Harshly Ex:  What part of speech is the word 'manly'? [See note below] (Note: Noun + ly = Adjective, e.g., Fatherly, Motherly, Friendly, Manly. Adjective + ly = Adverb, e.g., Beautifully, Quickly.) Adjective এর শেষে 'ic' থাকলে সাধারণত এর সাথে 'ally' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়। Adjective (ic) + ally Adverb Adjective (ic) + ally Adverb Tragic + ally Tragically Basic + ally Basically Dramatic + ally Dramatically Economic + ally Economically Energetic + ally Energetically Artistic + ally Artistically Strategic + ally Strategically Academic + ally Academically Note:  Public শব্দের শেষে ic থাকলেও এর শেষে ally এর পরিবর্তে ly (publicly) যোগ করতে হয়। Adjective এর শেষে 'al' থাকলে সাধারণত এর সাথে 'ly' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়। Adjective (al) + ly Adverb Adjective (al) + ly Adverb Chemical + ly Chemically Physical + ly Physically Biological + ly Biologically Logical + ly Logically Mechanical + ly Mechanically Grammatical + ly Grammatically Musical + ly Musically Critical + ly Critically Adjective এর শেষে 'y' এবং এর পূর্বে consonant থাকলে 'y' এর স্থলে 'i' বসিয়ে 'ly' যোগ করে adverb করতে হয়। Adjective (y) + ily Adverb Adjective (y) + ily Adverb Easy + ily Easily Hungry + ily Hungrily Lucky + ily Luckily Heavy + ily Heavily Happy + ily Happily Cosy + ily Cosily Angry + ily Angrily Busy + ily Busily Adverb + Preposition: Adverb + Preposition Example Adverb + Preposition Example Hereafter Herein Thereupon Henceforth Hereby Wherefore Therein Thereby নিম্নলিখিত -ly যুক্ত adjective এর সরাসরি কোনো adverb form পাওয়া যায় না। List:  Friendly, motherly, fatherly, brotherly, sisterly, manly, womanly, heavenly, earthly, likely, lovely, lively, lonely, silly, ugly, elderly, deadly, costly, cowardly, miserly, niggardly, sickly, beastly, ghastly, disorderly, leisurely, melancholy. Note:  এই ধরনের adjective গুলোকে adverb হিসেবে ব্যবহার করতে হলে এদের পূর্বে in a ... way/manner  ইত্যাদি phrase যোগ করতে হয়। Ex:  He behaved with me in a friendly way/manner . Ex:  Although he was ______, he smiled ______. [KU, A: 18-19] (A) annoying, friendly (B) angry, friendly (C) annoyed, a friendly way (D) angry, in a friendly way Ans: (D) Position/Use of Adverb in a Sentence Object বিহীন বাক্যে adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time সাধারণত verb এর পরে বসে। Structure:  Subject + verb + adverb of manner/place/time. Ex:  It is raining heavily . Ex:  He will come here . Object যুক্ত বাক্যে adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time সাধারণত object এর পরে বসে। Structure:  Subject + verb + object + adverb of manner/place/time. Ex:  He finishes his work carefully . Ex:  Hang the picture there . Ex:  I met him yesterday . Note:  যে সকল adverb of manner এর শেষে ly থাকে তা subject এবং verb এর মাঝেও বসতে পারে। Ex:  We politely  asked permission. বাক্যের অর্থের ওপর জোর প্রদান করতে adverb of manner, এবং adverb of time বাক্যের শুরুতেও বসতে পারে। Structure:  Adverb of manner/time + subject + verb. Ex:   Carefully , she opened the box. Or, Adverb of manner/time + subject + verb + object. Ex:   Yesterday , Joya went. Adverb of manner, adverb of place এবং adverb of time একই সাথে একটি বাক্যে থাকলে সাধারণত তাদের ক্রম নিম্নরূপ হয় (MPT Rule): Structure:  Subject + verb + object (যদি থাকে) + M anner + P lace + T ime. Ex:  Hasan played football well  (Manner) in the field  (Place) yesterday  (Time). Note:  Subject এর পর verb of movement  (go, come, arrive, etc.) থাকলে ক্রম হবে PMT  (Place + Manner + Time). Ex:  She went there  (Place) by bus  (Manner) yesterday  (Time). কিছু Adverb of frequency (Always, never, frequently, often, occasionally, rarely, sometimes, usually, weekly, etc.) বাক্যে subject এবং be verb/main verb অথবা auxiliary verb এবং main verb এর মাঝে বসে। Structure:  Subject + be verb + adverb of frequency + adjective. Ex:  I am never  late for school. Ex:  He is often  busy with his younger sister. Comparison of Adverb Adverb-এর তুলনা (Degrees of Comparison) সাধারণত Adjective-এর মতোই হয়। Single Syllable Adverbs:  শেষে -er  এবং -est  যোগ করে। Fast - Faster - Fastest Hard - Harder - Hardest Soon - Sooner - Soonest Adverbs ending in -ly:  পূর্বে more  এবং most  যোগ করে। Quickly - More quickly - Most quickly Beautifully - More beautifully - Most beautifully (ব্যতিক্রম: Early - Earlier - Earliest) Irregular Adverbs:  নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম নেই। Well - Better - Best Badly - Worse - Worst Much - More - Most Little - Less - Least Far - Farther/Further - Farthest/Furthest Exercise: Comparison of Adverb 01. He worked ______ than she did. [DU-B: 20-21] (A) hard (B) harder (C) hardest (D) hardly Ans: (B)  (Comparison is indicated by than , so comparative degree harder  is used.) 02. The train runs ______. [DU-C: 05-06] (A) fastly (B) fast (C) quick (D) slow Ans: (B)  ( Fast  acts as both adjective and adverb. There is no word 'fastly'.) 03. He works ______ than I do. (Self Test) (A) hard (B) harder (C) hardest (D) hardly Ans: (B) 04. The boy writes ______. (Self Test) (A) good (B) well (C) better (D) best Ans: (B)  ( Well  is the adverb form of good .) 05. She sings ______. (Self Test) (A) sweet (B) sweetly (C) sweeter (D) sweetest Ans: (B)  (Modifying verb sings  needs adverb sweetly .) Uses of Some Important Adverbs & Inversion Use of Specific Adverbs Very vs. Much: Very:  Positive degree-এর adjective/adverb-এর আগে বসে (e.g., very good, very quickly)। Present participle-এর আগেও বসে (e.g., very interesting)। Much:  Comparative degree-এর আগে বসে (e.g., much better)। Past participle-এর আগেও বসে (e.g., much interested)। Too vs. Enough: Too:  Adjective/Adverb-এর আগে  বসে (e.g., too weak)। নেতিবাচক অর্থ দেয়। Enough:  Adjective/Adverb-এর পরে  বসে (e.g., good enough, fast enough)। কিন্তু Noun-এর আগে  বসে (e.g., enough money)। Hard vs. Hardly: Hard:  কঠোরভাবে বা শক্তভাবে (Adverb of Manner)। Ex: He works hard. Hardly:  কদাচিৎ বা নেই বললেই চলে (Negative meaning)। Ex: He hardly works. Late vs. Lately: Late:  দেরিতে। Ex: He came late. Lately:  সম্প্রতি (Recently)। Ex: I haven't seen him lately. Formation Rule: Adjective + ly = Adverb (e.g., Beautiful + ly = Beautifully) Noun + ly = Adjective (e.g., Friend + ly = Friendly, Mother + ly = Motherly) Friendly, Motherly, Lovely  ইত্যাদি শব্দ Adjective। এদের Adverb করতে হলে phrase ব্যবহার করতে হয়: in a friendly way/manner . Inversion of Adverb কিছু negative adverb বাক্যের শুরুতে বসলে Subject ও Verb-এর স্থান পরিবর্তন হয় (Inversion)। Adverbs:  Never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, no sooner, neither, nor, only then, not only, etc. Structure:  Negative Adverb + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb. Normal:  I have never seen such a sight. Inverted:   Never have I seen  such a sight. Ex:   Hardly bad he reached  the station when the train left. Exercise: Important Adverbs & Usage 01. He is ______ intelligent. (Self Test) (A) much (B) very (C) too (D) enough Ans: (B)  ( Very  modifies positive degree adjectives like intelligent .) 02. He is ______ weak to walk. (Self Test) (A) very (B) too (C) so (D) much Ans: (B)  (Structure: Too ... to  indicates negative capability.) 03. She is ______ better today. (Self Test) (A) very (B) much (C) too (D) so Ans: (B)  ( Much  is used to emphasize comparative degrees like better .) 04. He always comes ______. (Self Test) (A) lately (B) late (C) later (D) latest Ans: (B)  ( Late  means not on time; lately  means recently.) 05. Although he was ______, he smiled ______. [KU, A: 18-19] (A) annoying, friendly (B) angry, friendly (C) annoyed, a friendly way (D) angry, in a friendly way Ans: (D)  ( Friendly  is an adjective; the adverbial phrase is in a friendly way .) 06. He drives ______. [DU-D: 15-16] (A) care (B) careful (C) carefully (D) caring Ans: (C)  (Adverb modifies the verb drives .) 07. Which one is an adverb? [GST-B: 21-22] (A) ugly (B) lonely (C) early (D) friendly Ans: (C)  ( Early  functions as both adjective and adverb. Others are adjectives formed from Noun + ly.) 08. He is very good. Here 'very' is- [GST-A: 20-21] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B)  ( Very  modifies the adjective good .) 09. The patient is much better today. [BDS: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B)  ( Much  modifies the comparative adjective better .) 10. Please come ______. (Self Test) (A) here (B) there (C) where (D) nowhere Ans: (A)  ( Here  is an adverb of place.) Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. I have been living in Dhaka ______ 2000. [DU-A: 24-25] (A) since (B) from (C) in (D) for Ans: (A) Explanation:  নির্দিষ্ট সময় (Point of time) বোঝাতে Perfect Continuous Tense-এ 'since' বসে। 02. It is ______ hot today. [DU-7 College (Science): 21-22] (A) very (B) too (C) much (D) many Ans: (A) Explanation:  Adjective (hot) এর পূর্বে 'very' বসে। 'Too' সাধারণত negative sense এ বা 'to' এর সাথে বসে। 03. He worked ______ than she did. [DU-B: 20-21] (A) hard (B) harder (C) hardest (D) hardly Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Than' থাকায় comparative degree হবে। Hard-এর comparative 'harder'. 04. The train runs ______. [DU-C: 05-06] (A) fastly (B) fast (C) quick (D) slow Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Fast' শব্দটি adjective এবং adverb উভয়ই হতে পারে। 'Fastly' কোনো শব্দ নেই। 05. He drives ______. [DU-D: 15-16] (A) care (B) careful (C) carefully (D) caring Ans: (C) Explanation:  Verb (drives) কে modify করতে adverb (carefully) বসে। JnU Questions & Answers 01. 'Please, come again'. Here 'Please' is- [JnU-A: 12-13] (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Conjunction (D) Pronoun Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Please' এখানে পুরো বাক্যকে modify করছে, তাই এটি Sentence Adverb. 02. The word 'homely' is- [JnU-B: 14-15] (A) noun (B) verb (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Noun (Home) + ly = Adjective (Homely - ঘরোয়া)। JU Questions & Answers 01. 'Near' is- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) Adverb (B) Adjective (C) Preposition (D) All of the above Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Near' শব্দটি অবস্থানভেদে Adverb (Come near), Preposition (Near the school), এবং Adjective (Near relation) হতে পারে। 02. He works hard. 'Hard' is- [JU-C: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Verb (works) কে modify করছে, তাই Adverb. RU Questions & Answers 01. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an - [RU-A: 23-24] (A) adjective (B) adverb (C) preposition (D) conjunction Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Down' শব্দটি verb 'went' কে modify করছে। 02. 'Slowly' is an- [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Adjective (Slow) + ly = Adverb (Slowly). CU Questions & Answers 01. 'He is quite well now'. Here 'well' is- [CU-A: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Well' এখানে শারীরিক অবস্থা (সুস্থ) বোঝাচ্ছে, তাই Adjective. (Adverb হিসেবে well অর্থ 'ভালোভাবে')। 02. The word 'hardly' is- [CU-D: 19-20] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Verb (D) Noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Hardly (কদাচিৎ) একটি negative adverb. KU Questions & Answers 01. 'He ran fast'. Here 'fast' is- [KU-B: 16-17] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Verb (ran) কে modify করছে। GST Questions & Answers 01. Which one is an adverb? [GST-B: 21-22] (A) ugly (B) lonely (C) early (D) friendly Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Early' শব্দটি Adverb এবং Adjective উভয়ই হতে পারে। বাকিগুলো (ugly, lonely, friendly) সব Noun + ly = Adjective. 02. He is very good. Here 'very' is- [GST-A: 20-21] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Very' শব্দটি adjective 'good' কে modify করছে, তাই এটি Adverb. MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions 01. Which of the following is an adverb? [MBBS: 23-24] (A) Lovely (B) Friendly (C) Quickly (D) Lonely Ans: (C) Explanation:  Quick (adj) + ly = Quickly (adv). বাকিগুলো Noun + ly = Adjective. 02. The patient is much better today. [BDS: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Much' এখানে comparative adjective 'better' কে জোর দিচ্ছে (Intensifier), তাই এটি Adverb. TEST-1 01. He works ______ than I do. (A) hard (B) harder (C) hardest (D) hardly Ans: (B) 02. The boy writes ______. (A) good (B) well (C) better (D) best Ans: (B)  (Adverb of manner: well) 03. Which one is an adverb? (A) Motherly (B) Fatherly (C) Homely (D) Wisely Ans: (D)  (Wise + ly = Wisely) 04. He always comes ______. (A) lately (B) late (C) later (D) latest Ans: (B)  ('Late' এখানে দেরিতে বোঝাচ্ছে। 'Lately' অর্থ সম্প্রতি)। 05. I have ______ seen him. (A) never (B) ever (C) always (D) often Ans: (A)  (Contextual) 06. It is raining ______. (A) heavy (B) heavily (C) heavier (D) heaviest Ans: (B) 07. She sings ______. (A) sweet (B) sweetly (C) sweeter (D) sweetest Ans: (B) 08. He is ______ intelligent. (A) much (B) very (C) too (D) enough Ans: (B) 09. The train runs ______. (A) fast (B) fastly (C) faster (D) fastest Ans: (A) 10. Please come ______. (A) here (B) there (C) where (D) nowhere Ans: (A) TEST-2 01. He treats me ______. (A) brotherly (B) in a brotherly way (C) brother (D) brothers Ans: (B)  (Brotherly is an adjective, needs "in a ... way" to function as adverb) 02. I ______ go there. (A) hard (B) hardly (C) harder (D) hardest Ans: (B)  (Hardly = কদাচিৎ/নেতিবাচক) 03. He is ______ weak to walk. (A) very (B) too (C) so (D) much Ans: (B)  (Too ... to structure) 04. She is ______ better today. (A) very (B) much (C) too (D) so Ans: (B)  ('Much' modifies comparative adjectives) 05. He came ______ yesterday. (A) home (B) to home (C) at home (D) in home Ans: (A)  (Home যখন adverb তখন preposition বসে না) 06. ______ did you go there? (A) Why (B) Which (C) What (D) Who Ans: (A)  (Interrogative Adverb) 07. He speaks English ______. (A) fluent (B) fluently (C) fluency (D) fluencies Ans: (B) 08. The man is ______ dead. (A) near (B) nearly (C) nearing (D) nears Ans: (B)  (Nearly = প্রায়) 09. He worked ______ all day. (A) hard (B) hardly (C) harder (D) hardest Ans: (A) 10. I am ______ happy. (A) very (B) much (C) too (D) enough Ans: (A) ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS ADVERB- More Exercise 1. What are the four questions that adverbs can answer? [BSMRSTU (D) 15-16, (F) 18-19] A. why?When?Where?Why B. when?Where?How?Why C. why?where? D. To what extent/degree?What? Ans: B (Explanation: Adverbs generally modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs by answering four specific questions: When?  (Time), Where?  (Place), How?  (Manner), and Why?  (Reason). They also answer "To what extent?" (Degree).) 2. A modifier can be a/an- [IU (গ) 05-06] A. adjective B. adverb C. noun D. pronoun Ans: B (Explanation: Both adjectives and adverbs are modifiers. In the context of options provided alongside nouns/pronouns, adverbs are the primary class of modifiers for verbs/clauses. Adjectives modify nouns, while Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.) 3. Which of the flowing does an adverb usually answer? [RU 07-08, CU 07-08] An adverb usually answers which of the following questions? [বি আর সি সিনিয়র অফিসার-৯৮] A. when B. where C. how D. all of these Ans: D (Explanation: Adverbs answer questions about Time (When), Place (Where), and Manner (How).) 4. An adverb does not modify -------. [৭ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১১] A. nouns B. adjectives C. verbs D. adverbs Ans: A (Explanation: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Nouns and pronouns are modified by Adjectives.) 5. An adverb -------. [NU (মানবিক) 13-14] A. modifies a pronoun B. modifies an adjective C. modifies a preposition D. modifies a noun Ans: B (Explanation: The primary function of an adverb is to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.) 6. Which is not true about the function of an adverb? [রেলওয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী-১৩] A. qualifying a verb B. qualifying an adverb C. qualifying a sentence D. qualifying an adjective Ans: C (Explanation: While "Sentence Adverbs" exist (e.g., Fortunately, he arrived ), the core definition taught in standard grammar focuses on qualifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Qualifying a whole sentence is often treated as a distinct or advanced function, making C the intended answer for "least true" in this specific exam context compared to the fundamental three.) 7. Adverbs qualify - [MBSTU (D) 16-17] A. verbs, adverb and adjectives B. nouns and pronouns C. prepositions D. verbs only Ans: A (Explanation: This is the standard definition: Adverbs modify Verbs, Adjectives, and other Adverbs.) 8. My mother always dresses — (beautiful). [বিটিভি'র সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭] A. beauty B. beautify C. beautiful D. beautifully Ans: D (Explanation: The word modifies the verb "dresses", so the adverb form "beautifully" is required.) 9. He lived very — with his wife for many years. [JnU (C) 10-11] A. happier B. happiest C. happy D. happily Ans: D (Explanation: "Happily" is the adverb of manner modifying the verb "lived".) 10. He did — in the test. (সে পরীক্ষায় খারাপ করল) [RU (I) 17-18] A. badly B. imaginative C. good D. bad Ans: A (Explanation: To describe how  he did (verb), we need the adverb "badly". "Bad" is an adjective.) 11. English is badly required for global communication —. It is needed — pursuing higher studies. [পোস্টমাস্টার জেনারেল/পোস্টাল অপারেটর-১৬] A. Also, for B. Moreover, but C. However, in D. On top of that, from Ans: A (Explanation: "Also" connects the two ideas of requirement, and "for" indicates the purpose (pursuing higher studies).) Shutterstock 12. Poor people usually take meal twice. (গরীব লোকেরা সচরাচর দুবেলা আহার করে) [RU (ভূগোল) 06-07] A. Adverb of degree B. Adverb of frequency C. Adverb of time D. Adverb of reason Ans: B (Explanation: "Twice" indicates frequency (how often?), so it is an Adverb of Frequency.) 13. 'The boy has been treated badly'. Here the word 'badly' is [KUET 16-17] A. Intensifier B. Adverb of manner C. Adverb of degree D. Adverb of purpose Ans: B (Explanation: "Badly" describes how  the boy was treated, so it is an Adverb of Manner.) 14. He stood first. Here 'first' is [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের উপসহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৬] A. adverb of time B. adverb of place C. adverb of cause D. adverb of order Ans: D (Explanation: "First" indicates the rank or order in which he stood.) 15. Identify the correct sentence. (সে আমার সাথে বন্ধুসুলভ আচরণ করল) [RU (D) 10-11] A. She behaved with me in a friendly way. B. She behaved with me friendly. C. She behaved with me in friendly way. D. She behaved with me friendlily way. Ans: A (Explanation: "Friendly" is an adjective ending in -ly (like 'lovely', 'costly'). It cannot be used directly as an adverb. We must use the phrase "in a friendly way/manner".) 16. Although he felt very —, he smiled —. [DU (B) 03-04, NU (বাণিজ্য) 05-06, NSTU (D) 13-14] A. angrily, friendly B. angry, friendly C. angry, friendly way D. angry, in a friendly way Ans: D (Explanation: "Felt" is a linking verb taking the adjective "angry". "Smiled" is an action verb taking the adverbial phrase "in a friendly way" (since 'friendly' is an adjective).) 17. Choose the correct sentence. [অগ্রণী ব্যাংক লি. সিনিয়র অফিসার-১৭] A. He acted in a cowardly manner. B. He acted coward manner. C. He acted in cowardly. D. He acted in coward manner Ans: A (Explanation: "Cowardly" is an adjective. To modify the verb "acted", we use the prepositional phrase "in a cowardly manner".) 18. Although he felt very — he smiled — . [JnU (A&B) 17-18] A. hungrily, friendly B. hungrily, in a friendly C. hungry, friendly D. hungry, in a friendly manner Ans: D (Explanation: "Felt" takes the adjective "hungry". "Smiled" takes the adverbial phrase "in a friendly manner".) 19. He is — weak to move/walk. (সে এত দুর্বল যে নড়তে/হাঁটতে পারে না) [JnU (D) 09-10, HSTU (C) 14-15] A. very B. quiet C. quite D. too Ans: D (Explanation: The structure "Too + Adjective + To + Verb" implies a negative result (so weak that he cannot walk).) 20. The old man was — weak to get out of bed. [স্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের সহকারী প্রকৌশলী (সিভিল)-১৭] A. most B. so C. very D. too Ans: D (Explanation: Use "Too...to" structure for negative capability.) 21. Her fever is — to ignore. [KU (SS) 07-08] A. too much high B. so high C. too high D. high too much Ans: C (Explanation: "Too high to ignore" fits the 'Too + Adj + To + Verb' structure.) 22. His fever is — to ignore. [CU (B1) 12-13] A. too much high B. much too high C. so high D. high to much Ans: B (Explanation: When emphasizing an adjective like "high", we use "much too". "Too much" is generally used with nouns (too much sugar) or as an adverb at the end of a sentence.) 23. The tea was — to sip. (চা এত গরম ছিল যে চুমুক দেয়া যায়নি) [CU (B-2) 12-13] A. too hot much B. hot much C. too hot D. too much hot Ans: C (Explanation: "Too hot to sip".) 24. English language is not — difficult to understand. [উপজেলা মহিলা বিষয়ক কর্মকর্তা-১৬] A. as B. so C. very D. too Ans: C (Explanation: The sentence implies it is understandable. "Not very difficult" or "Not too difficult" are both possible, but "Not very difficult" is a common neutral statement. Source Answer indicates C.) 25. Don't worry. English Grammar is not — to understand. (ইংরেজি গ্রামার এত কঠিন নয় যে আমরা বুঝতে পারব না) [13th BCS] A. so difficult B. too difficult C. very difficult D. difficult enough Ans: B (Explanation: "Not too difficult to understand" negates the idea that it is impossible. It means it is possible  to understand.) 26. The branch of tree is — high for the boy — climb. [ডাচ-বাংলা ব্যাংক-১২] A. so, that B. too, to C. so, very D. so, to Ans: B (Explanation: "Too high for the boy to climb.") 27. It was — good to be true. (এটা এত ভালো ছিল যে সত্য হওয়াই পারে না) [JnU (D) 07-08] A. very B. so C. too D. enough Ans: C (Explanation: The idiom "Too good to be true".) 28. Which of the following sentences has negative meaning? [RU (F1) 12-13] A. My friend is very clever B. Our new messenger is too clever to be trusted. C. He is a good person D. He is interested in bad music Ans: B (Explanation: "Too clever to be trusted" means he is so clever that he cannot  be trusted.) 29. Choose the correct sentence. [পল্লী উন্নয়ন বোর্ডের মাঠ সংগঠক-১৩, JnU (D) 17-18] A. I am very busy to talk to you. B. I am very much busy to talk to you. C. I am so busy to talk to you. D. I am too busy to talk to you. Ans: D (Explanation: "Too busy to talk" means "I cannot talk because I am busy.") 30. You were — make such a silly mistake. [সমবায় দপ্তরের প্রধান পরিদর্শক ও অন্যান্য-১০] A. too foolish to B. to wise to C. to rash to D. too intelligent to Ans: D (Explanation: The context implies surprise at the mistake. "You were too intelligent to  make such a silly mistake" means "You are intelligent, so you shouldn't have made it/It is surprising that you did.") 31. The jacket costs — . (জ্যাকেটটির দাম অত্যন্ত বেশি) [বাংলাদেশ কমার্স ব্যাংক (অফিসার)-০৬, জনতা ব্যাংক (SO)-০৯] A. too much B. too many C. many D. expensive Ans: A (Explanation: "Costs too much" is the correct usage for price/uncountable amount.) 32. It is now — expensive to repair the damage which has been done. [DU (A) 14-15] A. very much B. too much C. many D. too Ans: B (Explanation: "Too much expensive" is grammatically incorrect standard English (should be 'too expensive' or 'much too expensive'), but often tested in local exams where B  "too much" is sometimes accepted as an intensifier, or the text is "costs too much". However, here it modifies 'expensive'. In strict grammar, "too expensive" is best. If forced to choose an intensifier from options like 'very much', 'too much', 'too' - usually 'too' fits "too expensive". But if the gap is "It is now [too much] expensive", it's awkward. Let's look at the source answer: B. Note: "Much too expensive" is the standard emphatic form. ) 33. Which of the following is incorrect? [NU (মানবিক) 13-14] A. We haven't got enough milk. B. I did not study enough hard. C. Is your coffee hot enough? D. She did not have enough interest. Ans: B (Explanation: 'Enough' is placed after  adjectives and adverbs. Correct: "study hard enough". Incorrect: "enough hard".) 34. A seventeen years old is not — to vote in an election. [RU (আইন) 07-08] A. as old enough B. old enough C. enough old D. enough old as Ans: B (Explanation: Adjective + Enough. "Old enough".) 35. He didn't get the job because he wasn't ------ (সে চাকরিটি পায়নি কারণ সে যথেষ্ট অভিজ্ঞ ছিল না) A. enough experienced B. experienced enough C. experience enough D. experience although Ans: B (Explanation: Adjective/Participle + Enough. "Experienced enough".) 36. When your body does not get –, it does not make the glucose it needs. [DU (C) 04-05] A. food as enough B. food enoughly C. enough the food D. enough food Ans: D (Explanation: 'Enough' is placed before  nouns. "Enough food".) 37. He acted — to win the competition. Fill in the blank. [CU (A) 06-07] A. well enough B. enough well C. enough D. enough quick Ans: A (Explanation: Adverb + Enough. "Well enough".) 38. Computers that once took place up entire rooms are now — to put on desktops and into wristwatches. [DU (D) 09-10] A. small enough B. smaller than C. as small as D. so small Ans: A (Explanation: Adjective + Enough + To verb. "Small enough to put".) 39. The word 'hardly' means- [সমাজকল্যাণ মন্ত্রণালয়ের সমাজসেবা অফিসার-১০, সরকারী মাধ্যমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৯] A. almost never/not B. always C. seriously D. regularly Ans: A (Explanation: "Hardly" is a negative adverb meaning "scarcely" or "almost not at all".) 40. He is hardly happy. The word 'hardly' is used — [RU (লোকপ্রশাসন) 07-08] A. negatively B. positively C. subjectively D. predicatively Ans: A (Explanation: "Hardly" lends a negative meaning to the sentence (He is not happy).) 41. 'I hardly go out after dusk.' The correct Bangla translation is- [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১৯] A. আমি সন্ধ্যার পর পরেই বাইরে যাই। B. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে প্রায়ই বাইরে যাই। C. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে মোটেই বাইরে যাই না। D. আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে কদাচিৎ বাইরে যাই। Ans: D (Explanation: "Hardly" implies "rarely" or "almost never", which translates to "কদাচিৎ".) 42. I — go out after dusk. (আমি সন্ধ্যার পরে কদাচিৎ বাইরে যাই) [KU (বিজ্ঞান স্কুল) 11-12] A. hardly B. lately C. shortly D. early Ans: A (Explanation: "Hardly" means rarely.) 43. A hard worker – put off his daily work for tomorrow. [BSMRSTU (G) 18-19] A. hard B. ever C. yet D. hardly Ans: D (Explanation: "Hardly" is used here to mean "almost never". A hard worker hardly  puts off work.) 44. We — go out to a restaurant during the week because when we get home from work we were too tired. [CU (D) 11-12] A. nearly never B. hardly never C. hardly ever D. ever Ans: C (Explanation: "Hardly ever" is the correct idiom meaning "very rarely".) 45. Find the correct sentence. (সে সেখানে কদাচিৎ যায়) [National Bank-10, Southest Bank-12] A. He hardly does not go there B. He hardly goes there C. He hardly does goes there D. Hardly he goes there Ans: B (Explanation: "Hardly" is already negative, so "does not" is incorrect. Correct position is before the main verb: "He hardly goes there.") 46. Translate into English: আপনি কখনো কুয়াকাটা গিয়েছেন? [বিসিকের ১৩-১৬তম গ্রেডের কর্মচারী-১৯] A. Have you ever gone to Kuakata? B. Have you gone to Kuakata ever? C. Have you ever been to Kuakata? D. Did you ever go to Kuakata? Ans: C (Explanation: When asking about past experience of visiting a place, "Have you ever been to ..." is the standard usage.) 47. What is the correct translation of ‘তুমি কি কখনো রাঙ্গামাটি গিয়েছ?’ [এলজিইডিতে সহকারী প্রকৌশলী-০৫] A. Have you gone to Rangamati? B. Have you ever gone to Rangamati? C. Have you yet gone to Rangamati? D. Have you still gone to Rangamati? Ans: B (Explanation: While "been to" is preferred for visits, among the options, "Have you ever gone" is the acceptable translation for "have you ever went/gone" in this context.) 48. The correct translation of “এখানে কখনো বৃষ্টি হয় না।” [NU (বিজ্ঞান) 11-12] A. It does not rain here. B. It never rains here. C. It rains never here. D. Never does it rains here. Ans: B (Explanation: "কখনো... না" translates to "never". Position is before the main verb: "It never rains here.")

Subjunctive 1. Primary Discussion (Subjunctive) Verb এর যে mood দ্বারা ইচ্ছা, প্রস্তাব, প্রয়োজনীয়তা, সুপারিশ, আদেশ ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ পায় তাকে Subjunctive  বলে। এটি মূলত that clause -এর মধ্যে থাকা verb-এর রূপকে প্রভাবিত করে। মূল নিয়ম:  Subjunctive Word (Verb/Noun/Adjective)-এর পরে যদি that  থাকে, তবে পরবর্তী Clause-এর Verb টি সর্বদা Base Form (V1)  হবে। Subject (He/She/It) যাই হোক না কেন, Verb-এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হবে না। 2. Important Rules & Usage A. Subjunctive Verbs নিচের Verb গুলোর পরে that clause থাকলে পরবর্তী verb base form হয়: List:  Advise, Ask, Command, Demand, Desire, Insist, Move, Order, Prefer, Propose, Recommend, Request, Require, Suggest, Urge. Structure:  Subject + Subjunctive Verb + that  + Subject + V1 (Base Form) . Ex:  I insist  that he be  present. (Not 'is'). Ex:  We proposed  that he take  a vacation. (Not 'takes'). B. Subjunctive Adjectives নিচের Adjective গুলোর পরে that clause থাকলে subjunctive হয়: List:  Essential, Important, Mandatory, Necessary, Obligatory, Vital, Crucial, Imperative. Structure:  It is + Adjective + that  + Subject + V1 . Ex:  It is essential  that she be  on time. C. Subjunctive Nouns নিচের Noun গুলোর পরে that clause থাকলে subjunctive হয়: List:  Demand, Insistence, Preference, Proposal, Recommendation, Requirement, Suggestion. D. Negative & Passive Negative:  that + Subject + not + V1 . (Do/Does/Did বসে না)। Ex:  I suggested that he not go  there. Passive:  that + Subject + be + V3 . Ex:  I recommended that the letter be written . E. Suggest Exception Suggest -এর পরে যদি that  না থাকে, তবে পরবর্তী verb-এর সাথে ing  যুক্ত হয়। Ex:  I suggested going  to the park. 3. Subjunctive Exercises (Previous Questions & Self Test) 01. The office requires that we ______ our work timely. [BSMRSTU-A: 18-19] (A) completed (B) complete (C) have completed (D) should complete Ans: (B) Explanation:  Require + that + V1. 02. A teacher always prefers that her every single student ______ [BSMRSTU-D: 15-16] (A) shall speak the truth (B) speaks the truth (C) will speak the truth (D) speak the truth Ans: (D) Explanation:  Prefer + that + V1 (no 's' with student). 03. The personal consultant recommended that managers ______ apart from other staff. [BSMRSTU-F: 15-16] (A) not to sit (B) not sit (C) siting (D) are not sitting Ans: (B) Explanation:  Negative Subjunctive: not + V1. 04. The manager recommended that ______. [JnU: A: 17-18] (A) the employee should be given (B) the employee be given (C) the employee should give (D) the employee be given... (Option incomplete in text, assumed correct logic in D) Ans: (D)   (Based on the rule: Recommend + that + Sub + be + V3 for passive). 05. Who recommended that they ______ tired? [RU-D, 11-12] (A) is (B) are (C) were (D) be Ans: (D) Explanation:  Subjunctive এর ক্ষেত্রে Be verb হিসেবে সর্বদা 'be' বসে। 06. Which of the following sentence is correct? [C-Unit: 13-14] (A) I insist that she come alone. (B) I insist that she may come alone. (C) I insist that she comes alone. (D) I insist that she came alone. Ans: (A) Explanation:  Insist + that + she + V1 (come). 07. The doctor suggested that the patient ______ weight. [C unit; 18-19] (A) should lose (B) would lose (C) lose (D) loss Ans: (C) 08. I suggest that we ______ outside the school tomorrow. [MBA (IBA); DU-15] (A) will meet (B) meet (C) will be meeting (D) that we meet Ans: (B) 09. It is advisable ______ [CU-C:24-25] (A) that a drastic measure be adopted (B) a drastic measure to be adopted (C) that to adopt a drastic measure (D) that needs drastic measure Ans: (A) Explanation:  Advisable + that + Sub + be + V3. 10. I recommend that ______ . [GST-A: 24-25] (A) he is terminated (B) he be terminated (C) he is being terminated (D) he was terminated Ans: (B) 11. The judge insisted that the jury ______ a verdict immediately. (Self Test) (A) returns (B) return (C) will return (D) returned Ans: (B) 12. The university requires that all its students ______ a course on films. (Self Test) (A) taking (B) take (C) took (D) had taken Ans: (B) 13. The doctor advised that the patient ______ weight. (Self Test) (A) should lose (B) would lose (C) loses (D) lose Ans: (D) 14. The teacher ordered that her student ______ experience with ESP. (Self Test) (A) write a composition on his (B) to write composition about the (C) wrote some compositions of his (D) had written any composition for his Ans: (A) 15. It is important that students ______ their scripts before submitting them. (Self Test) (A) would check (B) check (C) will check (D) checked Ans: (B) 16. We urge that the naughty boy ______ now. (Self Test) (A) leave (B) leaves (C) leaving (D) is to leave Ans: (A) 17. The doctor suggested that she not ______ (Self Test) (A) smoke (B) smoking (C) smokes (D) to smoke Ans: (A) Explanation:  Negative Subjunctive. Answers With Explanation:

CAUSATIVE VERBS 1. Primary Discussion (Causative) বাক্যে Subject নিজে কাজ না করে যখন অন্যকে দিয়ে কাজটি করিয়ে নেয়, তখন সেই Verb-কে Causative Verb  বলে। Ex:  I feed  the baby. (আমি শিশুটিকে খাওয়াই - নিজে খাচ্ছি না, তাকে খাওয়াচ্ছি)। কিছু সাধারণ Verb এর নিজস্ব Causative রূপ আছে: Eat (খাওয়া) -> Feed (খাওয়ানো); Learn (শেখা) -> Teach (শেখানো); See (দেখা) -> Show (দেখানো)। যাদের নিজস্ব রূপ নেই, তাদের ক্ষেত্রে Make, Let, Help, Have, Get  ব্যবহার করা হয়। 2. Important Rules & Usage A. MAKE (বাধ্য করা / জোর করে করানো) Structure:  Subject + make + Person/Thing + V1 (Base form) . Ex:  He made  me do  the work. B. LET (অনুমতি দেওয়া) Structure:  Subject + let + Person + V1 (Base form) . Ex:   Let  him go . C. HELP (সাহায্য করা) Structure:  Subject + help + Person + V1  (অথবা to + V1). Ex:  He helped  me clean  the room. D. HAVE (দায়িত্ব দিয়ে করানো) Active (ব্যক্তি থাকলে):  Subject + have + Person + V1 (Base form) . Ex:  I had  the mechanic check  my car. Passive (বস্তু থাকলে):  Subject + have + Thing + V3 (Past Participle) . Ex:  I had  my car checked . E. GET (রাজি করিয়ে করানো) Active (ব্যক্তি থাকলে):  Subject + get + Person + to + V1 . Ex:  I got  him to wash  the car. Passive (বস্তু থাকলে):  Subject + get + Thing + V3 (Past Participle) . Ex:  I got  the car washed . 3. Causative Exercises (Previous Questions & Self Test) 01. I feed you. Here 'feed' is a- [RU 08-09] (A) Causative Verb (B) Cognate Verb (C) Modal (D) Intransitive Verb Ans: (A) 02. He made me ______ the unpleasant thing. [RU 13-14] (A) to do (B) of doing (C) doing (D) do Ans: (D) Explanation:  Make + Person + V1. 03. The invigilator made us ______ our identity card. [Primary Asst. Teacher-18] (A) to show (B) show (C) showed (D) showing Ans: (B) 04. I let him ______ (go) there. [RU 07-08] (A) went (B) going (C) go (D) have gone Ans: (C) Explanation:  Let + Person + V1. 05. I will get an electrician ______ the heating. [CU D; 11-12] (A) repair (B) to mend (C) for repairing (D) mending Ans: (B) Explanation:  Get + Person + to + V1. 06. We must get the house ______ before mother comes. [CoU-C18-19] (A) clean (B) cleaned (C) to be cleaned (D) cleaning Ans: (B) Explanation:  Get + Thing (House) + V3. 07. Choose the correct sentence: [C: 20-21] (A) He's had his hair cut really shortly. (B) He's had his hair cut really short. (C) He's had cut his hair really short. (D) He's had cut his hair real short. Ans: (B) Explanation:  Have (had) + Thing (hair) + V3 (cut). 08. Choose the correct verb form: I got my leg ______ in an accident. [JnU-B 24-25] (A) break (B) broke (C) was broken (D) broken Ans: (D) Explanation:  Get + Thing (leg) + V3. 09. Ellen got Marvin ______ (type) her paper. [C: 16-17] (A) type (B) to type (C) typed (D) typing Ans: (B) Explanation:  Get + Person + to + V1. 10. I made him ______ the work. [E: 08-09] (A) to do (B) do (C) this job (D) doing Ans: (B) 11. It costs about 50 dollars to have a tooth ______ (Self Test) (A) filling (B) filled (C) to be filled (D) to fill Ans: (B) Explanation:  Have + Thing (tooth) + V3. 12. What type of verb 'make' in the following sentence? My mother makes me take the medicine. (Self Test) (A) Auxiliary (B) Strong (C) Causative (D) Weak Ans: (C) Answers With Explanation:

Modal Verb 1. Primary Discussion (Modal) Modal verb  একধরনের auxiliary verb যেগুলো main verb এর পূর্বে বসে বিভিন্ন অর্থ প্রকাশ করে থাকে। এ ধরনের verb বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে সাধারণত likelihood (সম্ভাবনা), ability (সামর্থ্য), permission (অনুমতি), request (অনুরোধ), capacity (ধারণক্ষমতা), suggestion (পরামর্শ), order (আদেশ), obligation (বাধ্যবাধকতা), advice (উপদেশ) ইত্যাদি অর্থ প্রকাশ করে থাকে। Modal verb এর সাথে s/es/ing যুক্ত হয় না এবং এদের পরবর্তী main verb সচরাচর base form -এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। 2. Important Rules & Usage A. Shall / Will / Would সাধারণ ভবিষ্যৎ:  shall/will ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  I shall  go there. / Mahmuda will  go there. প্রতিজ্ঞা (Promise):  will ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  I will  be in right time. আমন্ত্রণ (Invitation):  would ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   Would  you like to take breakfast? B. Can / Could বর্তমান সামর্থ্য (Ability):  can ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  He can  work hard. অনুমতি (Permission):  চাইতে বা দিতে can ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   Can  I go now? / You can  go now. অতীতের স্থায়ী সামর্থ্য:  Could ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  My grandfather could  speak in five languages. Could have + V3:  অতীতে করার সামর্থ্য ছিল কিন্তু করা হয়নি। Ex:  You could have helped  the poor. (করতে পারতে কিন্তু করোনি)। C. May / Might অনুমতি (Permission - Formal):  may ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   May  I come in, Sir? / You may  go now. সাধারণ সম্ভাবনা (Possibility):  may ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  It may  rain today. সুদূর/ক্ষীণ সম্ভাবনা:  might ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Bangladesh might  go under water within 100 years. May/Might have + V3:  অতীতের কোনো কাজ সম্পর্কে অনুমান। Ex:  You might have heard  the name of Mohsin. D. Should সুপারিশ/উপদেশ (Recommendation):  Should ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  You should  work harder. সম্ভাব্যতা (Probability):  যৌক্তিক ফলাফল। Ex:  She should  be back tomorrow. Past Obligation (অতীতের কর্তব্য):  Should have + V3 (উচিত ছিল কিন্তু করা হয়নি)। Ex:  I should have phoned  you. E. Must বাধ্যবাধকতা (Obligation):  জোরালো কর্তব্য। Ex:  I must  go now. Logical Conclusion (বর্তমান):  Must be + ing / adj. Ex:  He gets good grades; he must  study a lot. Ex:  I see fire; something must be burning . Logical Conclusion (অতীত):  Must have + V3 (নিশ্চিত অনুমান)। Ex:  The pen is out of ink. Someone must have used  it. F. Would Rather পছন্দ (Preference):  দুটি জিনিসের মধ্যে একটিকে বেশি পছন্দ করা। Structure:  Subject + would rather + V1 + than  + V1. Ex:  I would rather  die than  beg. Negative:  Subject + would rather + not  + V1. Ex:  I would rather not  take tea. Unreal Past (Would rather that):  অন্য কেউ কিছু করুক এমন চাওয়া। Structure:  Subject + would rather that + Subject + V2 (Past form) . Ex:  I would rather that  you stayed  at home. G. Had Better উপদেশ/সতর্কবাণী (Advice/Warning):  'বরং ভালো' অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Structure:  Subject + had better + V1 (Base form) . Ex:  You had better leave  now. Negative:  Had better + not + V1. Ex:  You had better not  waste your time. H. Need As Main Verb:  Tense অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। Ex:  I need  a car. / I need to go . As Modal Verb:  Negative/Interrogative বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এর পরে s/es বা to বসে না। Ex:  You need not go  there. Need not have + V3:  না করলেও হতো (কিন্তু করা হয়েছে)। Ex:  You need not have woken  me up. Passive Meaning:  বস্তুবাচক subject হলে need + V-ing অথবা need + to be + V3 হয়। Ex:  The grass needs cutting . 3. Modal Exercises (Previous Questions & Self Test) 01. Despite the lack of evidence, politicians ______ blaming the media for violence. [DU C-Unit: 13-14] (A) do not resist (B) will not have resisted (C) may not resist (D) cannot resist Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Cannot resist' অর্থ সামলাতে না পারা বা বিরত থাকতে না পারা। 02. He ______ there, because he spent the evening here with me. [BSMRSTU-E: 15-16] (A) may be (B) can't be (C) may have been (D) could have been Ans: (D)   (Note: Contextually 'can't have been' is better, but D is the book answer suggesting possibility structure). 03. Although working conditions... _____ in the past few years... [CU: B1, 16-17] (A) might improve (B) may have improved (C) can't have improved (D) could improve Ans: (B) Explanation:  অতীতে উন্নতি হয়েছে বোঝাতে May have + V3. 04. Before you entered the classroom, you ______ the teacher's permission. [JKKNIU-B: 18-19] (A) should have sought (B) would have sought (C) seek (D) should seek Ans: (A) Explanation:  অতীতে করা উচিত ছিল বোঝাতে Should have + V3. 05. You think she is married? She ______ be, she hasn't got a ring... [DU-B: 01-02] (A) shouldn't (B) mustn't (C) can't (D) could Ans: (C) Explanation:  নেতিবাচক নিশ্চিত অনুমান বোঝাতে Can't be ব্যবহৃত হয়। 06. The streets are wet. It ______ last night. [DU-D: 14-15] (A) had rained (B) must have rained (C) has rained (D) would have rained Ans: (B) Explanation:  অতীতের নিশ্চিত অনুমান (রাস্তা ভেজা দেখে বোঝা যাচ্ছে) - Must have + V3. 07. It is a great sin to tell a lie. I ______ die than tell a lie. [IU-B: 19-20] (A) would (B) would rather (C) had better (D) should Ans: (B) Explanation:  Would rather... than (বরং... তবু)। 08. We had better ______ the schedule of the examination. [D-Unit: 14-15] (A) to check (B) checked (C) checking (D) check Ans: (D) Explanation:  Had better + Base form. 09. The people who badly ______ relief materials were gathering... [KU-A: 07-08] (A) needed (B) needing (C) were needing (D) were needed Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে need হলো Main verb (Past tense)। 10. Which ______ can be used as a modal and also as a main verb? [DU-HEC: 23-24] (A) Mind (B) Can (C) Need (D) Shall Ans: (C) 11. It's a hospital. You ______ smoke. (Self Test) (A) cannot (B) need not (C) may not (D) must not Ans: (D)  (Prohibition/নিষেধ). 12. Yesterday we had ______ twenty minutes for a bus. (Self Test) (A) wait (B) to wait (C) to waiting (D) to waited Ans: (B)  (Had to - বাধ্যবাধকতা). 13. ______ a person be everywhere? (Self Test) (A) Will (B) Do (C) Can (D) Shall Ans: (C)  (সামর্থ্য বা সম্ভাবনা). 14. How ______ you break the rule? (Self Test) (A) dares (B) daring (C) dared (D) dare Ans: (D)  (Dare as Modal + V1). Answers With Explanation:

VERB-Exercise Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. She likes ______ adventure books. [DU-C (Re-Exam): 24-25] (A) reads (B) reading (C) to reading (D) read Ans: (B) Explanation:  Like, start, finish, stop, enjoy, mind, suggest ইত্যাদি verb-এর পরে অন্য কোনো verb আসলে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। 02. Choose the correct sentence. [DU-Humanities: 23-24] (A) Cycling is a good exercise. (B) To cycle is a good exercise. (C) Cycle is a good exercise. (D) To cycle is good exercise. Ans: (A) Explanation:  কোনো verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে যদি একই সাথে noun ও verb-এর কাজ করে, তবে তাকে Gerund বলে। এখানে 'Cycling' বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 03. The verb form of the word 'prison' is- [DU-A: 22-23] (A) enprison (B) imprisonment (C) inprison (D) imprison Ans: (D) Explanation:  Prison (কারাগার) শব্দটি noun। এর verb form হলো imprison (কারারুদ্ধ করা/জেলে দেওয়া)। 04. There are several likely reasons why Asians are not prioritized in medical research... [DU-B: 20-21] (A) conjunction (B) noun (C) verb (D) adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  Prioritized শব্দটি এখানে passive voice-এর main verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 05. The past participle form of the verb 'lie' is- [DU-C: 20-21] (A) laid (B) lain (C) lay (D) lying Ans: (B) Explanation:  Lie (শয়ন করা) এর forms হলো: Lie - Lay - Lain. (অন্যদিকে Lie-মিথ্যা বলা এর forms: Lie-Lied-Lied)। 06. People lauded Mandela's humanity... [DU-B: 19-20] (A) laude (B) led (C) lead (D) laud Ans: (D) Explanation:  Lauded (প্রশংসিত) হলো past form. এর present form বা base form হলো laud (প্রশংসা করা)। 07. What kind of verb is the word 'went' in the sentence 'The dog went mad.' [DU-C: 98-99] (A) Transitive verb (B) Causative verb (C) Factitive verb (D) Copulative verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Go, get, become, feel, look ইত্যাদি যখন linking verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন এদের Copulative Verb-ও বলা হয়। এদের পরে adjective (complement) বসে। 08. That night Abu Ben Adam had a strange dream. Here 'had' is: [DU-HEC: 23-24] (A) Cognate verb (B) Intransitive verb (C) Non-finite verb (D) Transitive verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  এই বাক্যে had (ছিল/দেখল) verb টির object হলো 'a strange dream'। যে verb-এর object থাকে তাকে Transitive verb বলে। 09. The judge wanted the murderer to be ______. [DU-7 college Science: 21-22] (A) hung (B) hanged (C) hunged (D) hang Ans: (B) Explanation:  মানুষকে 'ফাঁসিতে ঝোলানো' অর্থে Hang এর Past ও Past Participle form হলো Hanged. (কোনো বস্তু ঝোলানো অর্থে Hung)। 10. Be careful, don't ______ your keys. [DU-7 college Business: 20-21] (A) lose (B) loose (C) lost (D) loss Ans: (A) Explanation:  Lose (verb) অর্থ হারানো। Loose (adj) অর্থ ঢিলা/আলগা। Loss (noun) অর্থ ক্ষতি। Do/Don't এর পর verb এর base form বসে। JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. He gave up ______ football. [JnU-B: 24-25] (A) to play (B) of playing (C) playing (D) played Ans: (C) Explanation:  Preposition (up) এর পরে verb আসলে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। এছাড়া 'give up' একটি phrasal verb যার পর gerund বসে। 02. Walking is good for health. 'Walking' is a: [JnU-A: 16-17] (A) gerund (B) phrase (C) clause (D) participle Ans: (A) Explanation:  Verb+ing যখন Noun-এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে Gerund বলে। এখানে Walking বাক্যের Subject (Noun)-এর কাজ করছে। JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. There was an electric pole. The underlined verb is: [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Action verb (B) Non-action verb (C) Transitive verb (D) Cognate verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  যে verb দ্বারা কোনো কাজ করা বোঝায় না, কেবল 'থাকা' বা 'হওয়া' বোঝায় তাকে Stative বা Non-action verb বলে। Be verb (was) এখানে non-action verb. 02. It is assumed that graduates will ______ about English... [JU: 19-20] (A) know (B) know how (C) knowledge (D) knowing Ans: (A) Explanation:  Will (Modal Auxiliary) এর পরে সর্বদা Verb-এর Base form বসে। RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The present form of 'lost' is [RU-A: 24-25] (A) lose (B) lost (C) loose (D) loss Ans: (A) Explanation:  Lose (হারানো) - Lost - Lost. 02. I enjoy teaching. The underlined word is: [RU-C: 23-24] (A) gerund (B) verb (C) participle (D) complement Ans: (A) Explanation:  Enjoy verb-এর object হিসেবে verb+ing (teaching) বসেছে, তাই এটি Gerund. 03. Let us winter in Malaysia. Here 'winter' is: [RU-A: 22-23] (A) a noun (B) an adjective (C) an adverb (D) a verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Winter শব্দটি সাধারণত Noun (শীতকাল) হলেও এখানে 'শীতকাল অতিবাহিত করা' অর্থে Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 04. Please ______ me to take my medicine. [RU-A: 22-23] (A) remind (B) recollect (C) remember (D) reminisce Ans: (A) Explanation:  Remind অর্থ কাউকে কোনো কিছু মনে করিয়ে দেওয়া। Remember অর্থ নিজে মনে রাখা। এখানে 'আমাকে মনে করিয়ে দিও' বোঝাচ্ছে। 05. Mandela ______ to life imprisonment in 1964. [RU-A: 22-23] (A) is sentenced (B) sentenced (C) was sentenced (D) has been sentenced Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যে অতীত নির্দেশক সময় (1964) উল্লেখ থাকায় Past Indefinite Tense হবে। আর ম্যান্ডেলাকে দণ্ড 'দেওয়া হয়েছিল' (নিজে দেননি), তাই Passive Voice হবে (was sentenced)। 06. He left the place feeling shocked... [RU-A: 22-23] (A) a verb (B) a conjunction (C) a phrase (D) a participle Ans: (D) Explanation:  Shocked (Past Participle) এখানে Adjective-এর মতো কাজ করছে (অবস্থা বোঝাচ্ছে), তাই এটি Participle. 07. Which sentence contains an infinitive? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) She enjoys reading books. (B) To be or not to be - that is the question. (C) Running is a great exercise. (D) We should treat others with kindness. Ans: (B) Explanation:  To + Verb (base form) কে Infinitive বলে। এখানে 'To be' হলো Infinitive. 08. Which sentence contains a gerund? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Cooking is one of my favorite hobbies. (B) I love to travel. (C) She starts her day with coffee. (D) He is studying. Ans: (A) Explanation:  Cooking (Verb+ing) বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হওয়ায় এটি Gerund. 09. The promise sounds hollow. The underlined word is: [RU-C: 22-23] (A) a complement (B) a transitive verb (C) an intransitive verb (D) a linking verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Sound একটি Linking verb. Linking verb-এর পরে যা বসে (Subject সম্পর্কে তথ্য দেয়) তাকে Complement বলে। Hollow এখানে Adjective Complement. 10. He has a lot of influence... Verb form? [RU-A: 21-22] (A) influence (B) influent (C) influential (D) inflow Ans: (A) Explanation:  Influence শব্দটি Noun (প্রভাব) এবং Verb (প্রভাবিত করা) উভয় রূপেই ব্যবহৃত হয়। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The past form of 'read' is- [CU-D: 24-25] (A) readed (B) red (C) read (D) rad Ans: (C) Explanation:  Read ভার্বটির তিনটি form-ই বানানে এক (Read-Read-Read), তবে উচ্চারণে ভিন্নতা আছে (রিড - রেড - রেড)। 02. There is no credit in earning money illegally. [CU-D: 23-24] (A) an infinitive (B) a gerund (C) past participle (D) present continuous Ans: (B) Explanation:  Preposition (in)-এর পরে verb+ing বসলে তা Gerund হয়। 03. The movie ... affected the audience heavily. [CU-C: 21-22] (A) effected (B) affected (C) has effected (D) have affected Ans: (B) Explanation:  Affect (verb) অর্থ প্রভাবিত করা। Effect (noun) অর্থ ফলাফল। এখানে verb প্রয়োজন। 04. 'Ronaldo headed the ball'. 'Headed' is: [CU-A: 09-10] (A) noun (B) participle (C) verb (D) adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Head শব্দটি সাধারণত Noun হলেও এখানে 'মাথা দিয়ে আঘাত করা' অর্থে Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। KU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which is a regular verb? [KU-16-17] (A) Began (B) Taken (C) Knew (D) Wanted Ans: (D) Explanation:  যে verb-এর শেষে d/ed যোগ করে past/past participle করা হয় তাকে Regular/Weak verb বলে। Want-Wanted-Wanted. বাকিগুলো Irregular/Strong verb. 02. 'What strikes me...' Past form? [KU-B: 16-17] (A) Striken (B) Struck (C) Striked (D) Stroke Ans: (B) Explanation:  Strike - Struck - Struck/Stricken. CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Subject + Linking verb + Complement can be found in: [CoU-B: 18-19] (A) They do not seem nervous. (B) She does not laugh. (C) The telephone rang. (D) She will buy Anindita a gift. Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে They (Subject) + seem (Linking verb) + nervous (Adjective Complement). GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Please water the plants... [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adverb (C) Adjective (D) Verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Water (verb) - গাছে পানি দেওয়া। 02. What type of verb is 'play' in "I play football"? [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Finite (B) Nonfinite (C) Transitive (D) Intransitive Ans: (C) Explanation:  Play verb-টির object (football) আছে, তাই এটি Transitive verb. (এটি Finite-ও বটে, তবে অপশনে classification চাইলে Transitive অধিক যুক্তিযুক্ত)। 03. You have made your bed and now you may lie on it. [GST-B: 21-22] (A) lie (B) lay (C) lain (D) laid Ans: (A) Explanation:  May (Modal)-এর পর verb-এর base form 'lie' (শয়ন করা) বসবে। 04. I will water the plants. 'Water' is: [GST-B: 21-22] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adjective (D) an adverb Ans: (B) 05. Which is not a verb? [IU-B: 19-20] (A) threaten (B) worsen (C) bounden (D) flatten Ans: (C) Explanation:  Bounden (বাধ্য/আবদ্ধ) একটি adjective (যেমন: bounden duty). বাকিগুলো verb (en যুক্ত). 06. The past participle of 'Swim' is- [RSTU 18-19] (A) Swim (B) Swam (C) Swum (D) Swame Ans: (C) Explanation:  Swim - Swam - Swum. 07. In which sentence 'wrong' is a verb? [JKKNIU 17-18] (A) Wrong seldom prospers. (B) He spells words wrong. (C) You wrong me by the suspicion. (D) You have taken the wrong road. Ans: (C) Explanation:  You (Subject) + wrong (Verb - অন্যায় করা) + me (Object). অর্থ: তুমি সন্দেহ করে আমার প্রতি অন্যায় করছ। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The sentence "He seems to have acted rightly" is- [MBBS: 24-25] (A) Past continuous (B) Past perfect (C) Simple past (D) Perfect infinitive Ans: (D) Explanation:  'To have acted' গঠনটি হলো Perfect Infinitive (To + have + v3). 02. I came to England to learn English. [MBBS: 23-24] (A) to learn (B) for to learn (C) to learning (D) for learning Ans: (A) Explanation:  উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive (To + V1) ব্যবহৃত হয়। 03. Fire burns. 'burn' is: [BDS: 23-24] (A) causative (B) copulative (C) intransitive (D) transitive Ans: (C) Explanation:  Burn verb-টির এখানে কোনো object নেই, তাই এটি Intransitive verb. 04. Father loves me. 'loves' is: [MBBS: 22-23] (A) simple verb (B) transitive verb (C) intransitive verb (D) auxiliary verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Loves verb-এর object (me) আছে, তাই এটি Transitive verb. BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. To help others is a great deed. [48th BCS] (A) To help (B) To helping (C) Help (D) To Ans: (A) Explanation:  Infinitive (To + verb) বাক্যের Subject হিসেবে বসতে পারে। 02. Which can be used as a verb? [46 BCS] (A) mobile (B) media (C) sugar (D) sand Ans: (C) Explanation:  Sugar শব্দটি Noun (চিনি) এবং Verb (চিনি মেশানো/মিষ্টি করা) উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 03. 'He contemplated marrying his cousin.' 'marrying' is: [43 BCS] (A) present participle (B) verb (C) gerund (D) infinitive Ans: (C) Explanation:  Contemplate verb-এর object হিসেবে verb+ing (marrying) বসেছে, তাই এটি Gerund. 04. Go and catch the falling star. 'falling' is: [42nd BCS] (A) preposition (B) adjective (participle) (C) verb (D) adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Falling শব্দটি star (noun)-এর অবস্থা বর্ণনা করছে, তাই এটি Adjective বা Participle. 05. "Look at the flying bird". 'Flying' is: [42nd BCS] (A) gerund (B) verbal noun (C) participle (D) gerundial infinitive Ans: (C) Explanation:  Flying এখানে bird (noun)-এর পূর্বে বসে adjective-এর কাজ করছে, তাই এটি Participle. 06. 'I will not let you go.' 'go' is: [41st BCS] (A) infinitive (B) participle (C) gerund (D) verbal noun Ans: (A) Explanation:  Let, make, bid, hear, see ইত্যাদির পর to উহ্য থাকে (Bare Infinitive). 07. 'The old man was tired of walking.' 'walking' is: [41st BCS] (A) present participle (B) adjective (C) common noun (D) gerund Ans: (D) Explanation:  Preposition (of)-এর পরে verb+ing সর্বদা Gerund হয়। TEST-1 01. He was born in 1980. What kind of verb is it? (A) transitive (B) intransitive (C) linking (D) non-finite Ans: (B) Explanation:  Born (জন্মানো) - এখানে কোনো object গ্রহণ করেনি। 02. I dreamt a wonderful dream. Identify 'dreamt'. (A) Retained object (B) Cognate object (C) Reflexive object (D) Cognate verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Intransitive verb (dream) যখন সমজাতীয় noun (dream)-কে object হিসেবে গ্রহণ করে, তখন verb-টিকে Cognate Verb বলে। 03. She takes after her mother. 'Takes after' is: (A) Verbal idiom (B) Phrasal verb (C) regular verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Verb-এর সাথে Preposition যুক্ত হয়ে ভিন্ন অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে তাকে Group Verb বা Phrasal Verb বলে। (Take after = দেখতে একই রকম হওয়া)। 04. The boy reads a book. 'Reads' is: (A) linking verb (B) auxiliary verb (C) transitive verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Reads verb-এর object (a book) আছে। 05. Mother loves me. 'Loves' is: (A) Transitive verb (B) Auxiliary verb (C) Intransitive verb (D) Simple verb Ans: (A) 06. Mother laughs. 'Laughs' is: (A) Intransitive verb (B) Auxiliary verb (C) Transitive Verb (D) Causative Verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Laughs verb-এর কোনো object নেই। 07. Rahat felt the cold breeze. 'Felt' is: (A) Reflexive verb (B) Perception verb (C) Quasi passive verb (D) Factitive verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Feel, see, hear, smell ইত্যাদি ইন্দ্রিয়গ্রাহ্য verb-কে Perception verb বলে। 08. He became a politician. 'Became' is: (A) transitive verb (B) linking verb (C) action verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Become একটি Linking verb যা Subject ও Complement (Politician)-কে যুক্ত করেছে। 09. Honey tastes sweet. 'Tastes' is: (A) linking (B) intransitive (C) non-finite (D) none Ans: (A) Explanation:  Taste একটি Linking verb. (এটি Quasi-passive verb-ও বটে)। 10. They elected him captain. 'Elected' is: (A) Transitive verb (B) Intransitive Verb (C) Factitive Verb (D) Causative Verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  যে Transitive verb অতিরিক্ত object complement (captain) ছাড়া অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না, তাকে Factitive Verb বলে। 11. Dip, Feed, Fell, Raise, Get; all these words are: (A) Transitive Verb (B) Causative Verb (C) Intransitive Verb (D) Factitive Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  এই verb-গুলো অন্যকে দিয়ে কাজ করানো বোঝাতে Causative form হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 12. The Past tense of the word 'Cut' is: (A) Cat (B) Cut (C) Cutt (D) Cott Ans: (B) Explanation:  Cut - Cut - Cut. 13. What is the past form 'Welcome'? (A) welcome (B) welcame (C) welcomed (D) wellcame Ans: (C) 14. Find out the weak verb: (A) Get (B) Sing (C) Drive (D) Dream Ans: (D) Explanation:  Dream - Dreamt/Dreamed (d/t যুক্ত হয়)। বাকিগুলো Strong verb (vowel পরিবর্তন হয়)। 15. By working hard, you can prosper. 'Working' is: (A) Participle (B) Verbal Noun (C) Gerund (D) Infinitive Ans: (C) Explanation:  Preposition (by) এর পরে verb+ing হলে তা Gerund হয়। TEST-2 01. What is the past form "blow"? (A) blowed (B) blowt (C) blew (D) blewd Ans: (C) Explanation:  Blow - Blew - Blown. 02. What is the number of auxiliary verb in English? (A) Eleven (B) Twelve (C) Fourteen (D) Fifteen Ans: (B) Explanation:  সাধারণত প্রধান Auxiliary verb ১২টি ধরা হয় (Be, Have, Do + main modals)। 03. Raju need not think of a job. 'Think' is: (A) Principal (B) Finite (C) Full (D) Modal Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে Need হলো Modal Auxiliary এবং Think হলো Principal verb. 04. She made her daughter ______ homework. (A) do (B) did (C) to do (D) done Ans: (A) Explanation:  Causative verb 'make'-এর পর ব্যক্তিবাচক object থাকলেও verb-এর base form বসে। 05. Past participle of 'Quit'? (A) Quit (B) Quitten (C) Quited (D) Quitted Ans: (A) Explanation:  Quit - Quit - Quit. 06. Past form of 'shear'? (A) Shore (B) Shorn (C) Shear (D) Sheared Ans: (D) Explanation:  Shear - Sheared - Shorn/Sheared. 07. 'He became mad.' 'Became' is: (A) Copulative (B) Causative (C) Transitive (D) Simple Ans: (A) Explanation:  Linking verb-এর অপর নাম Copulative verb. 08. Fire burns. 'Burn' is: (A) Auxiliary (B) Intransitive (C) Transitive (D) Causative Ans: (B) Explanation:  Object নেই। 09. Past Participle form of 'Refer' is: (A) Referred (B) Refered (C) Referred (D) Reference Ans: (A) 10. I should have preferred a more interesting approach. Underlined words show: (A) Subject (B) Verb (C) Complement (D) Adverbial Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Should have preferred' পুরো অংশটি Verb Phrase. 11. We found the house ______ (A) abandoned (B) have abandoned (C) to be abandoned (D) none Ans: (A) Explanation:  Past Participle (abandoned) adjective হিসেবে বসেছে। 12. A verb that is active in form but passive in sense is known as: (A) causative (B) inchoate (C) reflexive (D) quasi-passive Ans: (D) Explanation:  যেমন: Rice sells cheap. 13. 'A great deal of thoughts ______ into the designing of the auditorium.' (A) go (B) have gone (C) went (D) has gone Ans: (D) Explanation:  'A great deal of' + Uncountable/Abstract noun (thought process) -> Singular verb. (যদি thoughts কে plural ধরা হয়, তবে have gone হতে পারে, কিন্তু 'A great deal' সাধারণত singular quantity নির্দেশ করে। সঠিক উত্তর D). 14. Identify a sentence having: Sub + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object. (A) Tinni sent me a flower. (B) Flower is sent to me by Tinni. (C) I sent a flower to her. (D) I was sent a flower by Tinni. Ans: (A) Explanation:  Tinni (Sub) + sent (Verb) + me (Indirect Obj) + a flower (Direct Obj). 15. Which one is an example of an intransitive verb? (A) They painted their fences green. (B) My family moved to another city. (C) We believed the boy. (D) He gave the papers to the lawyer. Ans: (B) Explanation:  Move (স্থানান্তর হওয়া) এখানে Intransitive. বাকিগুলোতে object আছে। Answers With Explanation:

VERB Part 1: Primary Discussion যে word বাক্যে subject এর কোনো কার্য সম্পাদন করা, হওয়া, বলা, থাকা ইত্যাদি নির্দেশ করে তাকে verb  বলে। বাক্য গঠনে verb একটি অত্যাবশ্যকীয় উপাদান। বাক্যে কার্য সম্পাদন ও গঠনের রূপ অনুযায়ী verb প্রধানত দুই প্রকার। যথা: Finite Verb  (সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া) Non-finite Verb  (অসমাপিকা ক্রিয়া) Finite Verb এবং Non-finite Verb এর বৈশিষ্ট্য অনুযায়ী verb এর শ্রেণিবিভাগ নিম্নরূপ: Finite Verb Principal Transitive Intransitive Linking Auxiliary Primary Modal Periphrastic Non-finite Verb Infinitive Participle (Present, Past, Perfect) Gerund Part 2: Important Rules with Previous Questions Finite Verb Subject এর number, person, tense এবং voice অনুযায়ী যে verb এর রূপগত পরিবর্তন হয় তাকে finite verb  বলে। We go  to college. He goes to college. (উপরিউক্ত প্রথম বাক্যের subject plural number হওয়ায় we এর পর plural verb হিসেবে go এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যের subject singular number হওয়ায় he এর পর singular verb হিসেবে goes বসেছে।) Finite verb দুই প্রকার। যথা: Principal Verb  এবং Auxiliary Verb । 01. Principal Verb যে verb অন্য কোনো verb এর সাহায্য ছাড়া বাক্যে স্বাধীনভাবে সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে তাকে principal verb  বলে। Ex:  We play  cricket. Ex:  Tinni swims  everyday. Principal verb তিন ভাগে বিভক্ত। যথা: (i) Transitive Verb (ii) Intransitive Verb (iii) Linking Verb (i) Transitive Verb যে verb, object গ্রহণ ছাড়া বাক্যের অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ করতে পারে না তাকে transitive verb  (সকর্মক ক্রিয়া) বলে। Structure:  Subject + transitive verb + indirect/direct object + ext. Ex:  He flies  a kite. Ex:  We gave  him a reward. Ex:  She has given  me a kite. Ex:  Which of the following makes correct use of 'transitive verb'? [KU, B: 18-19] (A) The policeman stopped the car. (B) He speaks loudly. (C) How do you do? (D) Some of the gifts were very expensive. Ans: (A) Note:  Transitive verb এর পর সরাসরি direct object ব্যবহার করলে indirect object এর পূর্বে to বসে এবং 'জন্য' বোঝালে for বসে। Ex:  They gave a pen to  him. Ex:  He bought a shirt for  me. (ii) Intransitive Verb যে verb, object গ্রহণ ছাড়াই বাক্যের অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ করতে পারে তাকে intransitive verb  বলে। Structure:  Subject + intransitive verb + ext (যদি থাকে). Ex:  The girl sings . Ex:  Birds fly  in the sky. Some Common Transitive & Intransitive Verbs: Verb Transitive Example Intransitive Example Stop She tried to stop  her from leaving. The train stopped  in the middle of road. Move You should move  your car. The trees are moving  in the breeze. Start We all started  the game. The match starts  at 3 p.m. Change Marriage hasn't changed  her. The area changed  greatly in the last decade. Close Close  your eyes, please. Most shops close  at 5:30 here. Open Open  the window. The museum opens  at 10 a.m. Do Have you done  your homework? Shahin is doing  well in his new job. Set He set  a chair next to the bed. The sun is setting  in the west. Continue We will continue  the meeting. The meeting continued  after the break. Play I can play  the guitar. They will play  outside today. Return You should return  the book. The students returned  to college. Grow I grow  a palm tree. My child is growing  day by day. Write Write  your name here. He cannot write . (iii) Linking Verb যে verb বাক্যে subject এবং complement এর মধ্যে সংযোগ স্থাপন করে তাকে linking  বা copulative verb  (সংযোজক ক্রিয়া) বলে। Structure:  Subject + linking verb + complement (adjective/noun) + extension. Ex:  Misu is  a student. Ex:  He looks  handsome. নিম্নলিখিত verb গুলো সাধারণত linking verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়: Be, Become, Appear, Feel, Get, Go, Grow, Prove, Keep, Stay, Look, Sound, Remain, Run, Smell, Seem, Taste. Ex:  He went mad. This verb is: [RU, A: 19-20] (A) transitive (B) intransitive (C) linking (D) stative Ans: (C) 02. Auxiliary Verb যে verb বাক্যে অন্য verb কে tense, mood, voice গঠনে সহায়তা করে তাকে auxiliary verb বা helping verb বলে। Auxiliary verb তিন ভাগে বিভক্ত: (i) Primary Auxiliary (ii) Modal Auxiliary (iii) Periphrastic Modal Auxiliary (i) Primary Auxiliary যে verb বাক্যে auxiliary অথবা ক্ষেত্রবিশেষে principal verb হিসেবেও ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে primary auxiliary verb বলে। Ex:  I have  a car. (Principal) Ex:  I have  bought a car. (Auxiliary) Primary Auxiliary verb গুলো নিম্নরূপ: Be verb:  Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Be, Being, Been. Have verb:  Have, Has, Had. Do verb:  Do, Does, Did. (ii) Modal Auxiliary যে auxiliary verb সরাসরি verb এর base form গ্রহণ করে এবং বক্তার/বক্তব্যের mood প্রকাশে সহায়তা করে তাকে modal auxiliary verb বলে। Ex:  I can  do the work alone. Ex:  You must  abide by the rules. সচরাচর ব্যবহৃত Modal Auxiliary verb: Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must, Dare, Need, Ought to, Had Better, Had Rather, Would Better, Would Rather. (iii) Periphrastic Modal Auxiliary যে modal auxiliary verb এর সাথে 'to' যুক্ত থাকে এবং সরাসরি verb এর base form গ্রহণ করে তাকে periphrastic modal auxiliary verb বলে। Ex:  We ought to  help others. Ex:  They used to  swim in the river. List:  Be to, Be going to, Used to, Ought to, Be about to, Have to. Non-Finite Verb Subject এর number, person, tense এবং voice অনুযায়ী যে verb এর রূপগত কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না তাকে non-finite verb  বলে। Murad wants  to meet me. We saw  a bird flying in the sky. Non-Finite Verb তিন প্রকার: Infinitive:  To + verb এর base form কে infinitive verb বলে। এটি সাধারণত 'উদ্দেশ্যে' বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  She has come here to take  it. Gerund:  Verb এর base form এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে noun এর মতো কাজ করলে তাকে gerund বলে। Ex:   Swimming  is a good exercise for our health. Participle:  Verb এর যে form একই সাথে verb এবং adjective এর কাজ করে তাকে participle verb বলে। Ex:  We saw a singing  bird. Participle verb তিন ভাগে বিভক্ত: (i) Present Participle:  Verb এর base form এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে adjective এর মতো কাজ করলে তাকে present participle বলে। Ex:  I saw a running  man in the field. (ii) Past Participle:  Verb এর তিন নং form (v3) যা adjective এর মতো কাজ করে। Ex:  I need a washed  car. (iii) Perfect Participle:  Having + v3 কে perfect participle verb বলে। Ex:   Having finished  the work, I went there. Other Verbs Factitive Verb:  যে transitive verb এর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও একটি object complement গ্রহণ ছাড়া বাক্যের অর্থ সম্পূর্ণ করতে পারে না, তাকে factitive verb বলে। Ex:  We elected  him chairman. Common Factitive Verbs:  Appoint, Call, Consider, Choose, Designate, Elect, Find, Judge, Keep, Label, Make, Name, Prove, Think. Cognate Verb:  যখন কোনো Intransitive verb তার সমজাতীয় noun-কে object হিসেবে গ্রহণ করে, তখন তাকে Cognate Verb বলে। Ex:  He ran  a race. Ex:  I dreamt  a wonderful dream. Ex:  "I dreamt a wonderful dream." Here 'dream' is an example of- [BSMRSTU, F: 12-13] (A) Retained object (B) Cognate object (C) Reflexive object (D) Factitive object Ans: (B) Quasi-Passive Verb:  যে verb বাক্যে active form এ ব্যবহৃত হলেও অর্থের দিক থেকে passive এর ধারণা প্রকাশ করে, তাকে quasi-passive verb বলে। Ex:  Honey tastes  sweet. Ex:  The bed feels  soft. Perception Verb:  যে verb ইন্দ্রিয়গ্রাহ্য অনুভূতির ধারণা প্রকাশ করে তাকে perception verb বলে। List:  See, Hear, Smell, Feel, Notice, Observe, Taste, Touch. Ex:  I saw  a dog on the road. Reflexive Verb:  যে verb এর subject ও reflexive object একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু হয় তাকে reflexive verb বলে। Ex:  He killed  himself. Ex:  She fanned  herself. Group Verb:  সাধারণত, verb এর সাথে বিভিন্ন preposition যুক্ত হয়ে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন অর্থ প্রদান করলে তাকে group verb/phrasal verb বলে। Ex:  He gave up  his bad habits. Conjugation of Verb Verb এর মূল form থেকে Tense, Person, Number এবং Voice অনুযায়ী বিভিন্ন রূপে পরিবর্তিত হওয়াকে conjugation of verb বলা হয়। Strong Verb যে সকল verb এর অন্তর্গত vowel পরিবর্তন করে Past form এবং অন্তর্গত vowel পরিবর্তন করে অথবা n, en, ne যোগ করে past participle গঠন করা হয়, তাদেরকে Strong verb বলে। Present Past Past Participle Arise arose arisen Awake awoke awoken Be was, were been Bear bore born/borne Begin began begun Bite bit bitten Blow blew blown Break broke broken Choose chose chosen Do did done Drink drank drunk Drive drove driven Eat ate eaten Fall fell fallen Fly flew flown Forget forgot forgotten Freeze froze frozen Get got got/gotten Give gave given Go went gone Grow grew grown Know knew known Lie lay lain Ride rode ridden Rise rose risen See saw seen Shake shook shaken Sing sang sung Speak spoke spoken Steal stole stolen Swim swam swum Take took taken Tear tore torn Throw threw thrown Wear wore worn Write wrote written Weak Verb যে সকল verb এর শেষে d, ed বা t যোগ করে Past ও Past Participle গঠন করা হয়, তাদেরকে Weak verb বলে। Present Past Past Participle Bend bent bent Bring brought brought Build built built Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned Buy bought bought Catch caught caught Creep crept crept Deal dealt dealt Dream dreamt dreamt Feel felt felt Fight fought fought Keep kept kept Kneel knelt knelt Leave left left Lend lent lent Lose lost lost Make made made Mean meant meant Meet met met Pay paid paid Say said said Seek sought sought Sell sold sold Send sent sent Sleep slept slept Spend spent spent Teach taught taught Tell told told Think thought thought Weep wept wept Verb with Identical Forms নিম্নলিখিত verb গুলোর তিনটি form একই রকম হয়: Present Past Past Participle Bet bet bet Burst burst burst Cast cast cast Cost cost cost Cut cut cut Hit hit hit Hurt hurt hurt Let let let Put put put Read read read Rid rid rid Set set set Shed shed shed Shut shut shut Split split split Spread spread spread Part 3: Self Practice with Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers 01. She likes _____ adventure books. [DU-C (Re-Exam): 24-25] (A) reads (B) reading (C) to reading (D) read Ans: (B)Explanation: Like, start, finish, stop, enjoy, mind ইত্যাদি শব্দের পরের verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। 02. Choose the correct sentence. [DU-Humanities: 23-24] (A) Cycling is a good exercise. (B) To cycle is a good exercise. (C) Cycle is a good exercise. (D) To cycle is good exercise. Ans: (A)Explanation: কোনো verb এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ে একই সাথে noun ও verb এর কাজ করলে তাকে gerund বলে যা বাক্যে subject অথবা object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। 03. The verb form of the word 'prison' is [DU-A: 22-23] (A) enprison (B) imprisonment (C) inprison (D) imprison Ans: (D)Explanation: Prison (কারাগার) শব্দটি noun যার verb form হলো imprison (কারারুদ্ধ করা)। 04. There are several likely reasons why Asians are not prioritized in medical research... [B: 20-21] (A) conjunction (B) noun (C) verb (D) adjective Ans: (C)Explanation: Prioritized শব্দটি এখানে verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (passive form)। 05. The past participle form of the verb 'lie' is. [C: 20-21] (A) laid (B) lain (C) lay (D) lying Ans: (B)Explanation: Lie (শয়ন করা) -> Lay -> Lain. 06. People lauded Mandela's humanity... [B: 19-20] (A) laude (B) led (C) lead (D) laud Ans: (D)Explanation: Lauded এর present form হবে laud (প্রশংসা করা)। 07. What kind of verb is the word 'went' in the sentence 'The dog went mad.' [C: 98-99] (A) Transitive verb (B) Causative verb (C) Factitive verb (D) Copulative verb Ans: (D)Explanation: Copulative verb (linking verb) যেমন go, sound, look, feel এর পরে adjective বসে। 08. That night Abu Ben Adam had a strange dream. Here 'had' is: [DU-HEC: 23-24] (A) Cognate verb (B) Intransitive verb (C) Non-finite verb (D) Transitive verb Ans: (D)Explanation: যে verb এর object থাকে তাকে Transitive verb বলে। এখানে 'a strange dream' হলো object. 09. The judge wanted the murderer to be ______. [DU-7 college Science: 21-22] (A) hung (B) hanged (C) hunged (D) hang Ans: (B)Explanation: ফাঁসিতে ঝোলানো অর্থে hang এর past participle হলো hanged. (কোনো বস্তু ঝোলানো অর্থে hung)। 10. Be careful, don't ______ your keys. [DU-7 college Business: 20-21] (A) lose (B) loose (C) lost (D) loss Ans: (A)Explanation: Lose (v) হারানো। Loose (adj) আলগা। Loss (n) ক্ষতি। Don't এর পর verb এর base form 'lose' বসবে। JnU Questions & Answers 01. He gave up ______ football. [JnU-B: 24-25] (A) to play (B) of playing (C) playing (D) played Ans: (C)Explanation: 'Give up' (phrasal verb/preposition) এর পরে verb এর ing form ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. Walking is good for health. 'Walking' is a: [JnU-A: 16-17] (A) gerund (B) phrase (C) clause (D) participle Ans: (A)Explanation: Subject হিসেবে verb+ing বসে noun এর কাজ করছে, তাই gerund. JU Questions & Answers 01. There was an electric pole. The underlined verb is: [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Action verb (B) Non-action verb (C) Transitive verb (D) Cognate verb Ans: (B)Explanation: যে verb দ্বারা কোনো কাজ করা বোঝায় না বরং থাকা/হওয়া বোঝায় তাকে non-action/stative verb বলে। 02. It is assumed that graduates will ______ about English... [19-20] (A) know (B) know how (C) knowledge (D) knowing Ans: (A)Explanation: Will (modal) এর পর verb এর base form 'know' বসবে। RU Questions & Answers 01. The present form of 'lost' is [RU-A: 24-25] (A) lose (B) lost (C) loose (D) loss Ans: (A)Explanation: Lose - Lost - Lost. 02. I enjoy teaching. The underlined word is: [RU-C: 23-24] (A) gerund (B) verb (C) participle (D) complement Ans: (A)Explanation: Enjoy verb এর object হিসেবে teaching (gerund) বসেছে। 03. Let us winter in Malaysia. Here 'winter' is: [RU-A: 22-23] (A) a noun (B) an adjective (C) an adverb (D) a verb Ans: (D)Explanation: Winter এখানে 'শীতকাল অতিবাহিত করা' অর্থে verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 04. Please ______ me to take my medicine. [RU-A: 22-23] (A) remind (B) recollect (C) remember (D) reminisce Ans: (A)Explanation: Remind অর্থ কাউকে কোনো কিছু স্মরণ করিয়ে দেওয়া। 05. Mandela ______ to life imprisonment in 1964. [RU-A: 22-23] (A) is sentenced (B) sentenced (C) was sentenced (D) has been sentenced Ans: (C)Explanation: 1964 সালের ঘটনা (Past tense) এবং passive voice (তাকে দণ্ড দেওয়া হয়েছিল), তাই was sentenced হবে। 06. He left the place feeling shocked... [RU-A: 22-23] (A) a verb (B) a conjunction (C) a phrase (D) a participle Ans: (D)Explanation: Past participle (adjective এর মতো কাজ করছে)। 07. Which sentence contains an infinitive? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) She enjoys reading books. (B) To be or not to be - that is the question. (C) Running is a great exercise. (D) We should treat others with kindness. Ans: (B)Explanation: 'To be' হলো infinitive. 08. Which sentence contains a gerund? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Cooking is one of my favorite hobbies. (B) I love to travel. (C) She starts her day with coffee. (D) He is studying. Ans: (A)Explanation: Cooking (Subject হিসেবে verb+ing) হলো gerund. 09. The promise sounds hollow. The underlined word is: [RU-C: 22-23] (A) a complement (B) a transitive verb (C) an intransitive verb (D) a linking verb Ans: (A)  (Note: Question asks about 'hollow', usually an adjective complement. If asking about 'sounds', it's a linking verb. Based on options, A is best for 'hollow' if D refers to the verb). Correction based on standard questions: usually 'sounds' is the target, answer Linking Verb. If 'hollow' is underlined, it is an Adjective Complement.  Let's assume the question asks about the nature of the relationship  or the word  based on context. Wait, the snippet says "The underlined word is- [RU-C: 22-23] (A) a complement (D) a linking verb". If 'hollow' is underlined, it is a complement. 10. He has a lot of influence... Verb form? [A: 21-22] (A) influence (B) influent (C) influential (D) inflow Ans: (A)Explanation: Influence শব্দটি noun এবং verb উভয় হিসেবেই ব্যবহৃত হয়। CU Questions & Answers 01. The past form of 'read' is- [CU-D: 24-25] (A) readed (B) red (C) read (D) rad Ans: (C)Explanation: Read - Read (উচ্চারণ red) - Read. 02. There is no credit in earning money illegally. [CU-D: 23-24] (A) an infinitive (B) a gerund (C) past participle (D) present continuous Ans: (B)Explanation: Preposition (in) এর পরে verb+ing সর্বদা gerund হয়। 03. The movie ... affected the audience heavily. [C: 21-22] (A) effected (B) affected (C) has effected (D) have affected Ans: (B)Explanation: Affect (v) প্রভাবিত করা। Effect (n) ফলাফল। 04. 'Ronaldo headed the ball'. 'Headed' is: [A: 09-10] (A) noun (B) participle (C) verb (D) adverb Ans: (C)Explanation: Headed এখানে verb (মাথা দিয়ে আঘাত করা)। KU Questions & Answers 01. Which is a regular verb? [KU-16-17] (A) Began (B) Taken (C) Knew (D) Wanted Ans: (D)Explanation: Want-Wanted-Wanted (ed যুক্ত হয়)। 02. 'What strikes me...' Past form? [KU-B: 16-17] (A) Striken (B) Struck (C) Striked (D) Stroke Ans: (B)Explanation: Strike - Struck - Struck. CoU Questions & Answers 01. Subject + Linking verb + Complement can be found in: [CoU-B: 18-19] (A) They do not seem nervous. (B) She does not laugh. (C) The telephone rang. (D) She will buy Anindita a gift. Ans: (A)Explanation: Seem (linking verb) + nervous (adjective complement). HSTU Questions & Answers 03. Past participle of 'Swim'- [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) Sween (B) Swom (C) Swum (D) Sweam Ans: (C)Explanation: Swim - Swam - Swum. GST Questions & Answers 01. Please water the plants... [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adverb (C) Adjective (D) Verb Ans: (D)Explanation: Water (verb) - পানি দেওয়া। 02. What type of verb is 'play' in "I play football"? [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Finite (B) Nonfinite (C) Transitive (D) Intransitive Ans: (C)Explanation: Play এর object (football) আছে, তাই Transitive. (Finite ও সঠিক, তবে Transitive বেশি স্পেসিফিক)। 03. You have made your bed and now you may lie on it. [GST-B: 21-22] (A) lie (B) lay (C) lain (D) laid Ans: (A)Explanation: May (modal) এর পর base form 'lie' (শয়ন করা) বসবে। 04. I will water the plants. 'Water' is: [GST-B: 21-22] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adjective (D) an adverb Ans: (B) 05. Which is not a verb? [IU-B: 19-20] (A) threaten (B) worsen (C) bounden (D) flatten Ans: (C)Explanation: Bounden (বাধ্য/আবদ্ধ) একটি adjective. 06. The past participle of 'Swim' is- [RSTU 18-19] (A) Swim (B) Swam (C) Swum (D) Swame Ans: (C) 07. In which sentence 'wrong' is a verb? [JKKNIU 17-18] (A) Wrong seldom prospers. (B) He spells words wrong. (C) You wrong me by the suspicion. (D) You have taken the wrong road. Ans: (C)Explanation: এখানে You (sub) + wrong (verb) + me (obj). অর্থ: অন্যায় করা। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions 01. The sentence "He seems to have acted rightly" is- [MBBS: 24-25] (A) Past continuous (B) Past perfect (C) Simple past (D) Perfect infinitive Ans: (D)Explanation: To have acted হলো Perfect Infinitive. 02. I came to England to learn English. [MBBS: 23-24] (A) to learn (B) for to learn (C) to learning (D) for learning Ans: (A)Explanation: উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে Infinitive (to + v1) বসে। 03. Fire burns. 'burn' is: [BDS: 23-24] (A) causative (B) copulative (C) intransitive (D) transitive Ans: (C)Explanation: Object নেই, তাই Intransitive. 04. Father loves me. 'loves' is: [MBBS: 22-23] (A) simple verb (B) transitive verb (C) intransitive verb (D) auxiliary verb Ans: (B)Explanation: Object (me) আছে, তাই Transitive. 05. Which sentence uses inchoative verb? [MBBS: 22-23] (A) It is dark. (B) It is growing dark. (C) He is weak. (D) He was king. Ans: (B)Explanation: Inchoative verb (e.g., grow, get, become) কোনো অবস্থার শুরু বা পরিবর্তন বোঝায়। BCS-Bank Questions 01. To help others is a great deed. [48th BCS] (A) To help (B) To helping (C) Help (D) To Ans: (A)Explanation: Infinitive বাক্যের Subject হতে পারে। 02. Which can be used as a verb? [46 BCS] (A) mobile (B) media (C) sugar (D) sand Ans: (C)Explanation: Sugar (চিনি মেশানো) verb হতে পারে। 03. 'He contemplated marrying his cousin.' 'marrying' is: [43 BCS] (A) present participle (B) verb (C) gerund (D) infinitive Ans: (C)Explanation: Contemplate verb এর object হিসেবে gerund বসেছে। 04. Go and catch the falling star. 'falling' is: [42nd BCS] (A) preposition (B) adjective (participle) (C) verb (D) adverb Ans: (B)Explanation: Star (noun) কে modify করছে, তাই Adjective (Present Participle). 05. "Look at the flying bird". 'Flying' is: [42nd BCS] (A) gerund (B) verbal noun (C) participle (D) gerundial infinitive Ans: (C)Explanation: Adjective এর কাজ করছে। 06. 'I will not let you go.' 'go' is: [41st BCS] (A) infinitive (B) participle (C) gerund (D) verbal noun Ans: (A)Explanation: Let এর পর Bare Infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive) বসে। 07. 'The old man was tired of walking.' 'walking' is: [41st BCS] (A) present participle (B) adjective (C) common noun (D) gerund Ans: (D)Explanation: Preposition (of) এর পরে gerund বসে। Part 4: SELF TEST SELF TEST-1 01. He was born in 1980. What kind of verb is it? (A) transitive (B) intransitive (C) linking (D) non-finite Ans: (B) 02. I dreamt a wonderful dream. Identify 'dreamt'. (A) Retained object (B) Cognate object (C) Reflexive object (D) Cognate verb Ans: (D)  (Note: Question asks for the word , usually implies the verb here based on options, but 'Cognate object' is also an option if it referred to the noun 'dream'. Assuming it refers to the verb 'dreamt', it is a Cognate Verb. If it refers to 'dream', it is Cognate Object. The question says "Identify the underlined portion" but doesn't show underlining. Usually "dreamt" is the verb and "dream" is the object. Let's assume the question asks about the verb function given the context of Cognate verbs. Source usually marks Cognate Verb/Object relation. Based on similar previous questions, B is likely if asking about the object, but if asking about the verb, it is a Cognate Verb. Let's look at Snippet 56, Q2 matches this. The answer key for Test-1 Q2 is not explicitly visible in snippet 56, but typically "dreamt" is the Cognate Verb and "dream" is the Cognate Object.) 03. She takes after her mother. 'Takes after' is: (A) Verbal idiom (B) Phrasal verb (C) regular verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (B) 04. The boy reads a book. 'Reads' is: (A) linking verb (B) auxiliary verb (C) transitive verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (C) 05. Mother loves me. 'Loves' is: (A) Transitive verb (B) Auxiliary verb (C) Intransitive verb (D) Simple verb Ans: (A) 06. Mother laughs. 'Laughs' is: (A) Intransitive verb (B) Auxiliary verb (C) Transitive Verb (D) Causative Verb Ans: (A) 07. Rahat felt the cold breeze. 'Felt' is: (A) Reflexive verb (B) Perception verb (C) Quasi passive verb (D) Factitive verb Ans: (B) 08. He became a politician. 'Became' is: (A) transitive verb (B) linking verb (C) action verb (D) intransitive verb Ans: (B) 09. Honey tastes sweet. 'Tastes' is: (A) linking (B) intransitive (C) non-finite (D) none Ans: (A)  (Also Quasi-passive) 10. They elected him captain. 'Elected' is: (A) Transitive verb (B) Intransitive Verb (C) Factitive Verb (D) Causative Verb Ans: (C) 11. Dip, Feed, Fell, Raise, Get; all these words are: (A) Transitive Verb (B) Causative Verb (C) Intransitive Verb (D) Factitive Verb Ans: (B) 12. The Past tense of the word 'Cut' is: (A) Cat (B) Cut (C) Cutt (D) Cott Ans: (B) 13. What is the past form 'Welcome'? (A) welcome (B) welcame (C) welcomed (D) wellcame Ans: (C) 14. Find out the weak verb: (A) Get (B) Sing (C) Drive (D) Dream Ans: (D)  (Dreamt/Dreamed) 15. By working hard, you can prosper. 'Working' is: (A) Participle (B) Verbal Noun (C) Gerund (D) Infinitive Ans: (C) SELF TEST-2 01. What is the past form "blow"? (A) blowed (B) blowt (C) blew (D) blewd Ans: (C) 02. What is the number of auxiliary verb in English? (A) Eleven (B) Twelve (C) Fourteen (D) Fifteen Ans: (B)  (Primary 3 types [Be, Do, Have] + Modals. Total count varies by grammar book, typically 12-15. Be(8)+Do(3)+Have(3)+Modals(13)=27 forms. But grouped: Be, Do, Have, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Ought to, Need, Dare, Used to. Standard Primary=3, Modal=13. Often cited as 12 main ones. Source key likely B or C. Let's assume standard 12 or 24 'operators'. Based on snippet 56, Q2 answer is likely related to primary/modal grouping count.) 03. Raju need not think of a job. 'Think' is: (A) Principal (B) Finite (C) Full (D) Modal Ans: (A)  (Need is modal here, Think is Principal) 04. She made her daughter ______ homework. (A) do (B) did (C) to do (D) done Ans: (A)  (Causative make takes base form) 05. Past participle of 'Quit'? (A) Quit (B) Quitten (C) Quited (D) Quitted Ans: (A)  (or D, Quit-Quit-Quit is standard, Quit-Quitted-Quitted also exists. A is safer). 06. Past form of 'shear'? (A) Shore (B) Shorn (C) Shear (D) Sheared Ans: (D)  (Sheared. Past Participle is Shorn/Sheared). 07. 'He became mad.' 'Became' is: (A) Copulative (B) Causative (C) Transitive (D) Simple Ans: (A) 08. Fire burns. 'Burn' is: (A) Auxiliary (B) Intransitive (C) Transitive (D) Causative Ans: (B) 09. Past Participle form of 'Refer' is: (A) Referred (B) Refered (C) Referred (D) Reference Ans: (A) 10. I should have preferred a more interesting approach. Underlined words show: (A) Subject (B) Verb (C) Complement (D) Adverbial Ans: (B) 11. We found the house ______ (A) abandoned (B) have abandoned (C) to be abandoned (D) none Ans: (A) 12. A verb that is active in form but passive in sense is known as: (A) causative (B) inchoate (C) reflexive (D) quasi-passive Ans: (D) 13. 'A great deal of thoughts ______ into the designing of the auditorium.' (A) go (B) have gone (C) went (D) has gone Ans: (D)  ('A great deal' takes singular). 14. Identify a sentence having: Sub + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object. (A) Tinni sent me a flower. (B) Flower is sent to me by Tinni. (C) I sent a flower to her. (D) I was sent a flower by Tinni. Ans: (A) 15. Which one is an example of an intransitive verb? (A) They painted their fences green. (B) My family moved to another city. (C) We believed the boy. (D) He gave the papers to the lawyer. Ans: (B) . Exercise -2 1. Verb of the word 'Friend' is- A. Friendly B. Friendship C. Befriend D. Friends Ans: C 2. What is the verb form of the word 'Danger'? A. Dangerous B. Endanger C. Dangerously D. Danger Ans: B 3. The verb form of 'Blood' is- A. Bleed B. Bloody C. Bloods D. Blade Ans: A 4. Choose the verb from the options. A. Beautiful B. Beauty C. Beautify D. Beautifully Ans: C 5. Verb of the word 'Strong' is- A. Strength B. Strengthen C. Strongly D. Strung Ans: B 6. What is the verb form of 'Action'? A. Act B. Active C. Activity D. Actual Ans: A 7. Verb of the word 'Slave' is- A. Slavery B. Enslave C. Slavish D. Slaver Ans: B 8. The verb form of 'Length' is- A. Long B. Lengthy C. Lengthen D. Lingering Ans: C 9. Choose the correct verb form of 'Power'. A. Powerful B. Powerless C. Empower D. Powerfully Ans: C 10. What is the verb form of 'Prison'? A. Prisoner B. Imprison C. Prisoned D. Prisons Ans: B 11. Verb of the word 'Large' is- A. Largely B. Largeness C. Enlarge D. Largest Ans: C 12. The verb form of 'Food' is- A. Feed B. Foody C. Fed D. Feeding Ans: A 13. Which of the following is a verb? A. Water B. Watery C. Waterless D. Aquatic Ans: A   (Note: 'Water' acts as both noun and verb) 14. Verb of the word 'Economy' is- A. Economic B. Economical C. Economize D. Economics Ans: C 15. What is the verb form of 'Terror'? A. Terrible B. Terrific C. Terrify D. Terrorist Ans: C 16. Verb of the word 'Circle' is- A. Circular B. Encircle C. Circuit D. Circulate Ans: B 17. The verb form of 'Success' is- A. Successful B. Succeed C. Succession D. Successive Ans: B 18. Verb of the word 'Little' is- A. Belittle B. Less C. Least D. Littleness Ans: A 19. What is the verb form of 'Courage'? A. Courageous B. Encourage C. Courageously D. Courages Ans: B 20. Choose the verb from the options. A. Bookish B. Book C. Booker D. Booklet Ans: B   (Note: To 'book' a ticket) 21. Verb of the word 'Sharp' is- A. Sharpness B. Sharpen C. Sharply D. Sharper Ans: B 22. The verb form of 'Example' is- A. Exemplify B. Exemplary C. Exampled D. Examples Ans: A 23. Verb of the word 'Person' is- A. Personal B. Personnel C. Personify D. Personality Ans: C 24. What is the verb form of 'Joy'? A. Joyful B. Enjoy C. Joyous D. Joyfully Ans: B 25. Verb of the word 'Just' is- A. Justice B. Justly C. Justify D. Justification Ans: C 26. The verb form of 'Gold' is- A. Golden B. Gild C. Goldy D. Goldsmith Ans: B 27. Verb of the word 'Able' is- A. Ability B. Unable C. Enable D. Ably Ans: C 28. What is the verb form of 'Origin'? A. Original B. Originate C. Originally D. Origins Ans: B 29. Verb of the word 'Memory' is- A. Memorable B. Memorial C. Memorize D. Memoir Ans: C 30. The verb form of 'Clean' is- A. Cleanse B. Cleanly C. Cleanness D. Cleaner Ans: A

TOPIC: ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE & DEGREE Part 1: Primary Discussion Adjective  অর্থ ‘বিশেষণ’। যে word কোনো noun/pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, পরিমাণ বা সংখ্যার ধারণা প্রকাশ করে তাকে adjective বলে। Adjective বাক্যে সর্বদা noun বা pronoun কে modify/qualify (বিশেষিত) করে। Ezazul Haque is considered an honest  man. He is very  honest. (প্রথম বাক্যে noun (man) এর পূর্বে এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে pronoun (He) এর পর honest শব্দটি বসে যথাক্রমে man এবং পূর্ববর্তী He সম্পর্কে গুণের ধারণা প্রকাশ করছে। তাই প্রথম ও দ্বিতীয় বাক্যের honest শব্দদ্বয় adjective.) ব্যাকরণবিদগণ বিভিন্ন দৃষ্টিকোণ থেকে এর শ্রেণিবিভাগ করে থাকেন। তবে, কাজের ধরন ও বাক্যে অবস্থান অনুযায়ী Adjective এর শ্রেণিবিভাগ নিম্নরূপ: কাজের ধরন অনুযায়ী: Quality Quantity Number Pronominal অবস্থান অনুযায়ী: Attributive Predicative Identification of Adjective in a Sentence Rule-01:  Noun-এর immediately আগে adjective ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থাৎ, Adjective + Noun  বসে। Ex:  Identify the adjective in the sentence "The last chapter is carelessly written". [Dhaka Bank Recruitment Test-03] (A) last (B) chapter (C) carelessly (D) written Ans: (A) Rule-02:  Linking verb (be verb, appear, become, feel, taste, smell, look, turn, remain, go, come, get, etc.) এর পর adjective ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  We ought to improve the condition of those who feel downtrodden . The underlined word is a/an-. [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Verb (D) Noun Ans: (A) Rule-03 Noun functioning as adjective:  কোন Sentence-এ পাশাপাশি দুটি Noun ব্যবহৃত হলে প্রথমটি Adjective এবং পরেরটি noun হিসেবে কাজ করে। এক্ষেত্রে প্রথমটিকে noun functioning as adjective বলা হয়। Ex:  Put the mail on the hall  table. Ex:  He is a fast  learner. Here 'fast' is: [JU C: 21-22] (A) a noun (B) an adjective (C) an adverb (D) a conjunction Ans: (B) Ex:  It is an email  address. In this sentence 'email' is- [যুব উন্ন, অধি,, সহ, উপ, কর্ম, '২২] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Verb (D) none Ans: (A) Rule-04 Hyphenated Adjectives:  একাধিক noun হাইফেন দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে এগুলো adjective হিসেবে কাজ করে এবং তাদেরকে Hyphenated Adjective বলে। এগুলোর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না। মাঝে মাঝে পরীক্ষার প্রশ্নে হাইফেন নাও থাকতে পারে, কিন্তু নিয়ম ঠিক থাকবে। Ex:  That magnificent temple was constructed by the Chinese. [JU 13-14, Unit-E3] (A) eight-centuries old (B) eight-centuries-old (C) old eight-centuries (D) eight-century-old Ans: (D) Rule-05:  Verb এর present participle form (ing যুক্ত verb) এবং past participle form (ed যুক্ত verb) যদি কোনো noun কে modify করে তবে তারা adjective হয়ে যায়। Ex:  We came to an abandoned  house. The underlined word is [JU A: 14-15] (A) Adverb (B) Adjective (C) Verb (D) Noun Ans: (B) Ex:  I helped a drowning  man. Here 'drowning' is a: [RU:A 13-14] (A) verbal adjective (B) gerund (C) past participle (D) verbal noun Ans: (A) Part 2: Most Important Rules with Previous Questions Classification of Adjective কাজ ও ব্যবহারের ধরন অনুযায়ী Adjective প্রধানত চার প্রকার। যথা: Adjective of Quality  (গুণবাচক বিশেষণ) Adjective of Quantity  (পরিমাণবাচক বিশেষণ) Adjective of Number  (সংখ্যাবাচক বিশেষণ) Pronominal Adjective  (সর্বনামবাচক বিশেষণ) 01. Adjective of Quality:  যে adjective কোনো noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ এবং অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে তাকে adjective of quality বলে। Ex:  Dhaka is an old  city. Ex:  He is an honest  man. Note:  Proper noun কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun টিকে বিশেষিত করলে তা proper adjective যা adjective of quality এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত। Proper adjective সবসময় capital letter দিয়ে শুরু হয়। Ex:  This is an English  grammar book. Ex:  We went to the American  Embassy. 02. Adjective of Quantity:  যে adjective কোনো noun বা pronoun এর পরিমাণ প্রকাশ করে তাকে adjective of quantity বলে। Ex:  Joy have had enough  exercise. Ex:  There is much  water in the pond. Note:  Adjective of quantity সাধারণত material এবং abstract noun তথা uncountable noun এর পূর্বে বসে। 03. Adjective of Number:  যে adjective কোনো noun বা pronoun এর সংখ্যা প্রকাশ করে তাকে adjective of number বলে। ব্যবহারের ধরন অনুযায়ী adjective of number তিন প্রকার। যথা: (i) Cardinal Numeral Adjective:  যে word দ্বারা কোনো noun এর নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যা বোঝায় তাকে cardinal numeral adjective বলে। (Ex: One, two, three, four, five... etc.) Ex:  Our heart has four  chambers. (ii) Ordinal Numeral Adjective:  যে word দ্বারা কোনো noun এর ক্রম বা অবস্থান বোঝায় তাকে ordinal numeral adjective বলে। (Ex: First, second, third... etc.) Ex:  Sunday is the first  day of the week. Note:  Ordinal numeral adjective এর পূর্বে নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝাতে the বসবে। Ex: He is the second boy of the class. (iii) Multiplicative Numeral Adjective:  যে word দ্বারা কোনো noun এর পরিমাণগত মাত্রা (কতবার) বোঝায় তাকে multiplicative numeral adjective বলে। (Ex: Single, double, triple, quadruple, etc.) Ex:  A few doctors take double  fees from patients. 04. Pronominal Adjective:  যে pronoun কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun কে বিশেষিত করে তাকে pronominal adjective বলে। Pronominal adjective হিসেবে noun এর পূর্বে পাঁচ ধরনের pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। যথা: (i) Possessive Pronominal Adjective:  Pronoun এর possessive form গুলো (my, our, your, his, her, their, its, etc.) কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun এর স্বত্বাধিকার নির্দেশ করলে তাকে possessive pronominal adjective বলে। Ex:  We love our  country. Ex:  This is my  school. (ii) Distributive Pronominal Adjective:  Distributive pronoun (Each, every, either, neither) কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun টি কে পৃথকভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে distributive pronominal adjective বলে। Ex:   Every  mother loves her child. পার্থক্য: Pronoun হিসেবে: Each of the boys was absent. Adjective হিসেবে: Each boy was absent. (iii) Demonstrative Pronominal Adjective:  Demonstrative pronoun (This, these, that, those, such) কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun টি কে বিশেষভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে demonstrative pronominal adjective বলে। Ex:  He has arranged this  programme. Ex:   Those  mangoes are sour. Note:  Singular noun এর পূর্বে this/that/such a এবং plural noun এর পূর্বে these/those ব্যবহৃত হয়। (iv) Interrogative Pronominal Adjective:  WH word (what, which, etc.) কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun টি কে বিশেষভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে Interrogative pronominal adjective বলে। Ex:   Which  pen do you like most? (v) Relative Pronominal Adjective:  Relative pronoun কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun টি কে বিশেষভাবে নির্দেশ করলে তাকে relative pronominal adjective বলে। Ex:  This is the book whose  pages are torn. Important Notes on Usage Note 1: Enough Enough শব্দটি সাধারণত noun এর পূর্বে/পরে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে কিন্তু সবসময় adjective/adverb এর পরে  বসে। Ex:  A seventeen year old boy is not old enough  to vote in an election. Ex:  When your body does not get ____, it cannot make the glucose it needs. [RU C: 04-05] (A) food as enough (B) food enoughly (C) enough the food (D) enough food Ans: (D) Note 2: One-another-the other vs Some-others-the others তিনটি singular noun-কে ধারাবাহিকভাবে বোঝাতে one , another  এবং the other  বসে। (Ex: One is red, another is white and the other is blue.) Plural noun কে নির্দেশ করতে some , other/others  এবং the other/the others  বসে। (Ex: Some are red, other shirts/others are white...) দুটির ক্ষেত্রে, প্রথম ও শেষটি ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং মাঝেরটি বাদ যায় (one... the other). Ex:  Of the two office clerks, one is experienced and ____ [CU-D:19-20] (A) the others are not (B) another is inexperienced (C) the other is not (D) other lacks experience Ans: (C) Classification by Position 01. Attributive Adjective:  Adjective যখন noun এর পূর্বে বসে ঐ noun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ প্রকাশ করে তখন তাকে attributive adjective বলে। Ex:  A black  cat is on the table. Ex:  I have bought a large  suitcase. 02. Predicative Adjective:  Adjective যখন linking verb এর পরে বসে পূর্ববর্তী noun বা pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, সংখ্যা বা পরিমাণ প্রকাশ করে তাকে predicative adjective বলে। Ex:  Apples taste delicious . Ex:  They are excellent . Degree of Comparison বাক্যে দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী এবং বস্তুর মধ্যে তুলনা করতে adjective এর যে তিনটি form (positive/comparative/superlative) ব্যবহার হয় তাকে degree of comparison বলে। Rahman is a good  man. (Positive - সাধারণ গুণ) Rahman is better  than Kamal. (Comparative - দুইয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা) Rahman is the best  of all in the village. (Superlative - সবার মধ্যে শ্রেষ্ঠত্ব) 01. Positive Degree:  কোনো ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী এবং বস্তুর সাধারণ গুণ প্রকাশ পায়। ( Ex: He is a strong man. ) 02. Comparative Degree:  দুইজন ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী এবং বস্তুর মধ্যে দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থার তুলনা প্রকাশ পায়। ( Ex: He is stronger than his brother. ) 03. Superlative Degree:  দুইয়ের অধিক ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী এবং বস্তুর মধ্যে একজনের/একটির দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থার শ্রেষ্ঠত্ব বা সর্বোচ্চ মাত্রার তুলনা প্রকাশ পায়। ( Ex: He is the strongest of all. ) Ex:  A comedy is ____ than an action movie. [DU B: 17-18] (A) more funny (B) funnier (C) most funny (D) funniest Ans: (B) Ex:  Which is the correct sentence? [7 College-Science: 20-21] (A) The Nile is the longest river in Africa. (B) The Nile is longest river in Africa. (C) Nile is longest river in the Africa. (D) Nile is longest river in Africa. Ans: (A)  (Superlative এর পূর্বে the বসে)। Rules of Formation of Degree General Rule:  Adjective এর শেষে -er যোগ করে comparative এবং -est যোগ করে superlative করা হয়। (যদি শেষে দুটি consonant বা একটি vowel+consonant থাকে)। Positive Comparative (er) Superlative (est) Great Greater Greatest Small Smaller Smallest Poor Poorer Poorest Strong Stronger Strongest Bold Bolder Boldest Ends in 'e':  Adjective এর শেষে 'e' থাকলে শুধু -r যোগ করে comparative এবং -st যোগ করে superlative করা হয়। Positive Comparative (r) Superlative (st) Able Abler Ablest Brave Braver Bravest Fine Finer Finest True Truer Truest Wise Wiser Wisest Consonant Doubling:  Adjective এর শেষে একটি consonant এবং তার পূর্বে একটি vowel থাকলে শেষের consonant টি double করে এরপর -er এবং -est যোগ করতে হয়। Positive Comparative (er) Superlative (est) Big Bigger Biggest Hot Hotter Hottest Fat Fatter Fattest Sad Sadder Saddest Red Redder Reddest Ends in 'y':  Adjective এর শেষে -y এবং এর পূর্বে consonant থাকলে y এর স্থলে i বসিয়ে -er/-est যোগ করতে হয়। কিন্তু y এর পূর্বে vowel থাকলে y পরিবর্তন হয় না (e.g., Gay -> Gayer -> Gayest). Positive Comparative (ier) Superlative (iest) Happy Happier Happiest Easy Easier Easiest Heavy Heavier Heaviest Pretty Prettier Prettiest Lazy Lazier Laziest Ex:  Superlative form of the word 'Easy' is - [BSC-Nursing: 22-23] (A) more easy (B) most easy (C) easiest (D) easier Ans: (C) Multi-Syllable:  একের অধিক syllable বিশিষ্ট adjective এর পূর্বে more যোগ করে comparative এবং most যোগ করে superlative করতে হয়। Positive Comparative (more) Superlative (most) Comfortable More comfortable Most comfortable Courageous More courageous Most courageous Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful Important More important Most important Difficult More difficult Most difficult Irregular Adjective:  নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম নেই। Positive Comparative Superlative Good/Well Better Best Bad/Evil/Ill Worse Worst Little Less/Lesser Least Much More Most (quantity) Many More Most (number) Late Later Latest Old Older/Elder Oldest/Eldest Few Fewer Fewest Note:  Adverb of place/time used as adjective:Far - Farther - FarthestNear - Nearer - Nearest/Next Structure of Degrees 1. Positive Degree Structure (i) Subject + verb + as + positive degree + as + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: Rafa is as intellectual as Rafin. ) (ii) Subject + verb (neg) + so/as + positive degree + as + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: The boy is not so clever as his friend. ) Ex:  She is beautiful, but she is ____ her mother. [24th BCS] (A) most beautiful (B) less beautiful (C) as beautiful (D) not so beautiful as Ans: (D) (iii) No other + singular noun + verb + so/as + positive degree + as + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: No other man in the village is so wise as Nur. ) (iv) Very few + plural noun + plural verb + as + positive degree + as + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: Very few cities in Bangladesh are as large as Chattogram. ) 2. Comparisons of Similarity (The same, Similar, Like) The same... as / The same as / The same. ( Ex: Jaman speaks the same language as his sister. ) Similar to / Similar. ( Ex: That joke is similar to a joke that I heard. ) Like / Alike. ( Ex: Saiful looks like his brother. ) Ex:  Choose the correct sentence. [DU-B: 2002-03] (A) Bangladesh is like Vietnam. (B) Bangladesh is as like as Vietnam. (C) Bangladesh is same to Vietnam. (D) Bangladesh is some like Vietnam. Ans: (A) 3. Comparative Degree Structure (i) Subject + verb + comparative degree + than + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: She is older than you. ) (ii) Subject + verb + more + adj + than... (iii) Subject + verb + Latin comparative (senior/junior/superior) + to  + noun/pronoun. ( Ex: She is senior to Sumon. ) (iv) ...than any other + singular noun. ( Ex: Homer is greater than any other epic poet. ) (v) ...than all other + plural noun. ( Ex: Homer is greater than all other epic poets. ) (vi) Comparison of two qualities in same person:  More + positive degree + than + positive degree. ( Ex: Swapon is more good than bad. ) (vii) Intensifiers:  Far/Much + comparative. ( Ex: His house is far more expensive than yours. ) Ex:  I feel ____ now. [BU, B: 13-14] (A) more happier (B) much happy (C) more happy (D) much happier Ans: (D) (x) Selection of one out of two:  The + comparative + of the two. ( Ex: Razia is the better of the two girls. ) Ex:  Of the two girls, Sultana is the ____ intelligent. [JKKNIU, AL:18-19] (A) most (B) more (C) as (D) far Ans: (B) 4. Double Comparative (যত... তত) Structure:  The + comparative..., the + comparative... Ex:  The more you read, the more you learn. Ex:  The more we ____, the less we ____ [CU, A: 17-18] (A) solve, get clever (B) solved, feel shaky (C) solve, feel shaky (D) do not solve, get clever Ans: (C) Ex:  Which of the following sentences is correct? [DU-D: 16-17] (A) More you read, less you understand. (B) The more you read, less you understand. (C) The more you read, the less you understand. (D) More you read, the less you understand. Ans: (C) 5. Illogical Comparison দুটি অসম বস্তু বা বিষয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা হলে তাকে Illogical comparison বলে। এটি সংশোধন করতে that of (singular এর ক্ষেত্রে) বা those of (plural এর ক্ষেত্রে) ব্যবহার করতে হয়। Structure:  ...comparative degree + than + that of / those of + noun. Ex:  The salary of a professor is higher than that of  a teacher. (Not "than a teacher"). Ex:  The paintings of Sajal are more beautiful than those of  Raju. (Not "than Raju"). Ex:  Select the correct sentence. [JnU, B: 2013-14] (A) The roads of Dhaka is wider than Khulna. (B) The roads of Dhaka is wider than of Khulna. (C) The roads of Dhaka are wider than those of Khulna. (D) The roads of Dhaka is wider than those of Khulna. Ans: (C) 6. Multiple Number Comparison half/twice/three times + as much/many  + noun + as ... Ex:  This dictionary costs ____ the other one. [B:18-19] (A) twice more than (B) twice as much as (C) three times as much (D) twice as much Ans: (B) 7. Exceptions Always Positive:  Senior, junior, elder, minor, inferior, former, interior, ulterior, utter, superior (Latin comparatives generally take 'to' but function differently). Correction: The text lists these as words that look comparative but act as positive in general sense, or Latin comparatives taking 'to'. Always Superlative (No 'more/most'):  Supreme, Almighty, Excellent, Absolute, Golden, Eternal, Perfect, Complete, Ideal, Chief, Universal, Unique. Ex:  He is ____ judge. [KU, C:18-19] (A) a most perfect (B) a perfect (C) absolutely a perfect (D) such a perfect Ans: (B) TEST-1 01. There is plenty of food. You can have ______ you like. (A) as much as (B) many more (C) much (D) much more Ans: (A) Explanation:  'Food' is uncountable, so "as much as" is used to indicate quantity. 02. The clearer your thought is, the ______ your writing becomes. (A) good (B) worse (C) better (D) purer Ans: (C) Explanation:  Double comparative structure: "The + comparative ..., the + comparative ...". Better is the comparative of good. 03. A seventeen year old is not ______ to vote in an election. (A) enough old (B) old enough (C) as old enough (D) old as enough Ans: (B) Explanation:  The word 'enough' is placed after  the adjective/adverb it modifies (e.g., old enough). 04. ______ 1000 species of fish have been identified. (A) As many (B) As many as (C) As much as (D) Much as Ans: (B) Explanation:  "As many as" is used to emphasize a surprisingly large number of countable items (species). 05. The water of the Great Salt Lake is ______ sea water. (A) saltier than that of (B) as salty as that of (C) saltier than (D) so salty as Ans: (A) Explanation:  Logical comparison. We compare the water  of the lake to that  (the water) of the sea. 06. Mr. Hussain usually earns ______ his brother. (A) twice as much as (B) twice more than (C) twice as many as (D) twice as more as Ans: (A) Explanation:  Structure for multiple numbers: "Twice/Three times + as much as". 07. 'This is one of the easiest subjects.' Comparative form of this sentence is-. (A) Very few subjects are so easy as this. (B) This is easier than most other subjects. (C) This is more easier subject. (D) All of the above. Ans: (B) Explanation:  "One of the + superlative" changes to "Comparative + than most other" in comparative degree. 08. Select the correct option. (A) Your answers are better than Mr. Paper. (B) Your answers are better than Mr. Paper's. (C) Your answers are better than those of Mr. Paper. (D) Your answers are better than answered by Mr. Paper. Ans: (C)  (or B) Explanation:  To make the comparison logical (answers to answers), we use "those of" or possessive "'s". Option (C) is the most formal standard. 09. This is the ______ version. (A) new (B) newer (C) latest (D) last Ans: (C) Explanation:  "Latest" means the most recent. 10. Jabed's luck couldn't have been ______ than Abed's. (A) worst (B) worse (C) worser (D) worsted Ans: (B) Explanation:  "Than" indicates a comparative degree is required. The comparative of 'bad' is 'worse'. 11. Flight nineteen from New York is now arriving at ______. (A) gate number two (B) the two gate (C) the gate two (D) second gate Ans: (A) Explanation:  "Gate number two" or "Gate Two" is the standard way to refer to a specific gate. 12. The richer he gets, ______ (A) more friends he has (B) the more friends he has (C) more freiends has he (D) more and more friends he has Ans: (B) Explanation:  Double comparative structure: "The + comparative ..., the + comparative ...". 13. Complete the sentence - I took ______ (A) three hours examinations (B) three hours examination (C) part in a three hour examination (D) three hour examinations. Ans: (C) Explanation:  "Three-hour" is a hyphenated adjective modifying 'examination' and does not take 's'. Also, the phrase "took part in" is contextually complete. 14. He acted ______ to win the competition. (A) well enough (B) enough well (C) good enough (D) enough good Ans: (A) Explanation:  'Well' is the adverb modifying 'acted', and 'enough' comes after the adverb. 15. The more she worked, ______ (A) she achieved much (B) the less she achieved (C) she achieved less (D) the much she achieved Ans: (B) Explanation:  Double comparative structure requires "the + comparative" in the second clause. TEST-2 01. The word 'neutral' is- (A) an adverb (B) a noun (C) an adjective (D) a verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Neutral (নিরপেক্ষ) describes a state or quality, functioning as an adjective. 02. His brother is ______ he looks. (A) younger than (B) young as (C) younger (D) very young Ans: (A) Explanation:  Comparison between reality and appearance requires the comparative form with "than". 03. That ______ temple was constructed by the Chinese. (A) eight-centuries-old (B) old-eight-centuries (C) eight-century's-old (D) eight-century-old Ans: (D) Explanation:  In a compound adjective before a noun, the noun part (century) remains singular. 04. It was ______ journey. (A) three hour (B) a three-hours (C) three-hour (D) a three-hour Ans: (D) Explanation:  "A three-hour journey" — 'three-hour' is a compound adjective modifying the singular noun 'journey'. 05. Which colour do you like best? Here, 'Which' is a/an (A) Interrogative pronoun (B) Interrogative adjective (C) Relative pronoun (D) Demonstrative pronoun Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Which' modifies the noun 'colour' directly, making it an interrogative adjective. 06. Horror movies are frightening. Here, 'frightening' is a/an- (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Frightening' describes the subject 'Horror movies', functioning as a predicative adjective. 07. The tiny print on the poster is ______ small to read easily. (A) so (B) much (C) very (D) too Ans: (D) Explanation:  The structure "too + adjective + to + verb" (too small to read) indicates a negative result. 08. What is the superlative degree of 'costly'? (A) costly (B) costliest (C) costlyest (D) most costly Ans: (B) Explanation:  Adjectives ending in 'y' typically change 'y' to 'i' and add 'est' (Costly -> Costlier -> Costliest). 09. The adjective form of 'gust' is- (A) gusting (B) gusted (C) gusty (D) gusted Ans: (C) Explanation:  Gusty (দমকা) is the adjective form of the noun Gust. 10. For better or ______, computer is a very important device. (A) good (B) sad (C) well (D) worse Ans: (D) Explanation:  The phrase is "for better or worse" (parallel comparative forms). 11. She spoke in a very loud voice. Here 'loud' is: (A) noun (B) adverb (C) adjective (D) pronoun Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Loud' modifies the noun 'voice'. 12. What is all this noise? the underlined word is a/an- (A) adverb (B) adjective (C) noun (D) pronoun Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Noise' is the name of a thing/sound, thus a noun. 13. Choose the grammatically incorrect sentence. (A) Afzal is my elder brother. (B) He is the eldest man of this village. (C) He is two years younger to me. (D) All of the above. Ans: (C) Explanation:  "Younger" is a regular comparative and takes "than", not "to". (Correct: He is two years younger than  me). "Elder/Eldest" are correct in their contexts.

ADJECTIVE Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The performance of our players was rather worst that I had expected. [DU-C (Re-Exam): 24-25] (A) bad as I had expected (B) worse than I had expected (C) worse than expectation (D) worse than was expected Ans: (B) Explanation:  পূর্বের ধারণার সাথে বর্তমানের তুলনা বোঝাতে Adjective এর comparative form হবে এবং এর পরে than বসবে। 'Bad' এর comparative form 'worse'। তাই সঠিক উত্তর (B)। 02. ______ more you read, ______ more you learn. [DU-HEC: 24-25] (A) No article, the (B) The, the (C) No article, no article (D) The, no article Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে যত... তত অর্থে double comparative (the + comparative ... the + comparative) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 03. How does junk food ______ from fast food? [DU-Humanities: 23-24] (A) different (B) differ (C) difference (D) defer Ans: (B) Explanation:  সাধারণত, দুইটি জিনিসের মধ্যে পার্থক্য বোঝাতে differ from ব্যবহৃত হয়। প্রদত্ত বাক্যে auxiliary verb 'does' রয়েছে বিধায় main verb হিসেবে differ বসবে। (Different-adj, Difference-noun, Defer-স্থগিত করা)। 04. Nuclear energy is ______ dangerous to be used widely. [DU-A: 22-23] (A) so (B) such (C) too (D) that Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যে too... to অর্থাৎ, 'এতই... যে' অর্থ প্রকাশ করে এবং নিম্নলিখিত structure টি follow করে: Subject + verb + too + adjective + to + v1 + ext. 05. The book shop sells no books ______ Bangla, French and English. [DU-B: 21-22] (A) other than (B) some other (C) any other (D) a few others Ans: (A) Explanation:  Other than means except/apart from (ব্যতীত); বাক্যটির বাংলা অর্থ: এই দোকানে বাংলা, ফরাসি এবং ইংরেজি ভাষার বই ব্যতীত কোনো বই বিক্রি হয় না। 06. There is nothing ______ a glass of cold water on a hot sunny day. [DU-A: 21-22] (A) as refreshed as (B) so refreshing that (C) more refreshing than (D) refreshing enough Ans: (C) Explanation:  একটি বস্তুর সাধারণ গুণকে কোনো একটি বিশেষ অবস্থায় অধিকতর শ্রেয় বোঝাতে more + adjective + than-এই Structure-টি ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে। 07. The correct adjective form of the word 'Mars' is- [DU-B: 21-22] (A) Marsian (B) Marsean (C) Martian (D) Martean Ans: (C) Explanation:  Mars (মঙ্গলগ্রহ) শব্দটি noun. এর adjective form- Martian (মঙ্গলগ্রহ সংক্রান্ত)। 08. An elected member can take the decision. The underlined word is used as a/an- [DU-B: 19-20] (A) verb (B) adverb (C) conjunction (D) adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Elected শব্দটি noun (member) কে modify করছে তাই এটি adjective। এছাড়া, article/ determiner এর পর দুটি শব্দ থাকলে প্রথমটা adjective এবং শেষেরটা noun হয়। 09. It is the ______ city of the country. [DU-D: 19-20] (A) most populous (B) more populous (C) most people (D) most population Ans: (A) Explanation:  Populous অর্থ জনবহুল। Most populous অর্থ সবচেয়ে জনবহুল। অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝাতে superlative form হবে। 10. Jara has ______ records now as I had last year. [DU-B: 18-19] (A) half as many as (B) half as more (C) half as many (D) half as much as Ans: (C) Explanation:  Multiple number (half, twice etc) + as many/much + noun + as + ext. এখানে 'records' countable noun হওয়ার কারণে half as many বসাতে হবে (বাক্যের শেষে as উহ্য থাকতে পারে বা পূর্বে as থাকলে পরের as এর প্রয়োজন হয়)। Note: Options A and C both look plausible depending on context, but book key selects C. 11. At the cafeteria Salina ate ______ sandwiches as Rubina. [DU-B: 18-19] (A) three times as much as (B) three times as much (C) three times as many as (D) three times as many Ans: (D) Explanation:  Multiple number (three/four times, twice etc) + as many/much + noun + as + ext. এখানে sandwich plural countable noun. তাই এখানে many হবে, much হবে না। 12. Find the parts of speech of the underlined words: Rasel is not only talented but also handsome. [DU-B: 18-19] (A) adverb, noun (B) adjective, noun (C) verb, adjective (D) adjective, adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  যে word কোনো noun/pronoun এর পূর্বে বা পরে বসে ঐ noun/pronoun কে modify করে তা adjective। Talented (প্রতিভাবান), handsome (সুদর্শন) শব্দ দুটি Rasel কে modify করছে বিধায় adjective হবে। 13. He can sing better than ______ in his family. [DU-?: 17-18] (A) everybody (B) everyone (C) anybody (D) someone Ans: (C) Explanation:  Comparative এ better than এরপর anybody/anyone হয়। বাক্যের অর্থ- সে তার পরিবারের যে কারো চেয়ে ভালো গান গাইতে পারে। 14. A comedy is ______ than an action movie. [DU-B: 17-18] (A) more funny (B) funnier (C) most funny (D) funniest Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে than এর পূর্বে comparative degree form প্রয়োজন। Funny এর comparative form 'funnier'। 15. There are three kinds of solar eclipses: one is total, another is annular, and ______. [DU-A: 16-17] (A) the another is partial (B) other is partial (C) the partial is other (D) the other is partial Ans: (D) Explanation:  তিনটি singular noun কে ধারাবাহিকভাবে বোঝাতে one, another এবং the other বসে। 16. Choose the correct sentence. [DU-7 - Science: 23-24] (A) His car runs faster than Mary. (B) His car runs more than Mary. (C) His car runs faster than Mary's. (D) His car runs quickly than Mary's Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যের অর্থ- তাঁর গাড়িটি মেরির গাড়ির চেয়ে দ্রুত চলে। 'মেরির গাড়ি' বুঝাতে Mary's ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 17. Which of the following sentences is correct? [DU-D: 16-17] (A) More you read, less you understand. (B) The more you read, less you understand. (C) The more you read, the less you understand. (D) More you read, the less you understand. Ans: (C) Explanation:  যত... তত অর্থে double comparative এর structure: The + comparative..., the + comparative...। 18. I think I've made our position very ______. [DU-D: 15-16] (A) clarified (B) clear (C) clearly (D) cleared Ans: (B) Explanation:  Adverb (এখানে very) এর পর সাধারণত adjective (এখানে clear) বসবে। 19. It is now ______ expensive to repair the damage which has been done. [DU-A: 13-14] (A) very much (B) too much (C) many (D) too Ans: (D) Explanation:  Too + adjective + to এর নিয়মানুযায়ী উত্তর হবে D. (Too much এর পরে noun বসে, কিন্তু 'expensive' শব্দটি adjective)। 20. The longer I live here ______. [DU-D: 10-11] (A) I like the more (B) the more I like it (C) the more do I like it (D) I like it more Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে, যত... তত অর্থে double comparative অর্থাৎ, The + comparative... the + comparative এর নিয়ম প্রযোজ্য। 21. The underlined words in the line "The lone and level sands stretch far away" are - [DU-B: 09-10] (A) nouns (B) adjectives (C) verbs (D) adverbs Ans: (B) Explanation:  Lone and level শব্দদ্বয় sands (noun-বালুকাময় মরুভূমি) কে modify করছে বিধায় এরা adjective হবে। 22. This is his pen. What kind of adjective 'his' is? [DU: 09-10] (A) Numeral adjective (B) Quantitative adjective (C) Pronominal adjective (D) Descriptive adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  Noun এর পূর্বে his, her, their, our ইত্যাদি বসলে এগুলো possessive adjective হয়ে যায়, যার অন্য নাম হলো pronominal adjective. 23. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now ______ to put on desktops and into wrist watches. [DU-D: 09-10] (A) small enough (B) as small as (C) so small (D) enough small Ans: (A) Explanation:  Enough শব্দটি সাধারণত adjective/adverb এর পরে বসে। তাই 'small enough' সঠিক। 24. 'Closing' in 'closing remarks' is a [DU-A: 08-09] (A) noun (B) adjective (C) preposition (D) adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Closing' এখানে remarks (noun) এর modifier হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, তাই এটি adjective। 25. "The greater the demand, ______". [DU-B: 05-06] (A) higher the price (B) the high the price (C) the higher the price (D) lower the price Ans: (C) Explanation:  Double comparative এর নিয়ম: The + comparative ... the + comparative. 26. Which is the adjective form of the word 'home'? [7 college-20-21; RU: 14-15] (A) homemaker (B) homely (C) homeland (D) homage Ans: (B) Explanation:  Noun + ly = Adjective. যেমন- homely, friendly etc. 27. Which is the correct sentence? [7 college- Science: 20-21] (A) The Nile is the longest river in Africa. (B) The Nile is longest river in Africa. (C) Nile is longest river in the Africa. (D) Nile is longest river in Africa. Ans: (A) Explanation:  নদীর নামের আগে the বসে এবং Superlative degree'র পূর্বে সর্বদা the বসে। JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. He actually wanted to have motherly affection from her. Here 'motherly' is -. [JnU-A: 16-17] (A) an adverb (B) an adjective (C) a noun (D) None of them Ans: (B) Explanation:  সাধারণত Noun + ly = adjective হয়। যেমন: motherly, fatherly, friendly, etc. 02. English is today the third ______ native language worldwide after Chinese and Hindi, with some 380 million speakers. [JnU-B: 16-17] (A) most spoken (B) more spoken (C) least spoken (D) spoken Ans: (A) Explanation:  The third most spoken language (তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ব্যবহৃত ভাষা)। 03. My students sleepless nights became ______ as the finals approached. [JnU-B: 16-17; CU-B: 24-25] (A) so frequently (B) much more frequently (C) as frequent (D) more frequent Ans: (D) Explanation:  Became একটি Linking Verb এবং এরপরে Adjective বসে। প্রদত্ত বাক্যে তুলনা বোঝাচ্ছে বিধায় comparative form হিসেবে more frequent বসবে। 04. Although we often use 'speed' and 'velocity' interchangeably, in a technical sense, 'speed' is not always ______ 'velocity'. [JnU-D: 16-17] (A) alike (B) similar (C) the same as (D) as Ans: (C) Explanation:  সাধারণত দুটি noun এর মাঝে তুলনা বোঝাতে the same as বসে। JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. ______ the matter gets, ______ he feels. [JU-D: 24-25] (A) the easier, the better (B) to easier, in better (C) easier, better (D) None of above Ans: (A) Explanation:  যত... তত অর্থে Double comparative হবে। অর্থাৎ The + comparative ... the + comparative. 02. The superlative form of far is [JU-C1: 23-24] (A) most far (B) more far (C) farther (D) farthest Ans: (D) Explanation:  Far (দূরবর্তী) এর comparative: farther এবং superlative: farthest. 03. Which of the following is the correct sentence? [JU-C: 23-24, E-23-24] (A) Your answers are better than Mohan. (B) Your answers are better than Mohan's. (C) Your answers are better than those of Mohan. (D) Your answer are better than answered by Mohan. Ans: (C) Explanation:  Illogical comparison কে logical করার জন্য than এর পরে that of/those of বসে। Subject plural (answers) হওয়ায় those of বসেছে। (Mohan's ও সঠিক হতে পারে, তবে those of Mohan ফরমাল ও গ্রামাটিক্যালি স্ট্রং)। 04. Which books are you reading? The underlined word is a/an- [JU-IBA: 23-24] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Pronoun (D) Noun Ans: (A) Explanation:  'Which' শব্দটি books-কে modify করে বিধায় এটি Adjective (Interrogative Adjective)। 05. A square thing does not fit into a round hole. The underlined word is used here as: [JU-A: 22-23] (A) Pronoun (B) Preposition (C) Adjective (D) Over Word Ans: (C) Explanation:  Article এবং noun এর মাঝে সবসময় adjective বসে। 06. Which of the following is not an adjective? [JU-A: 14-15] (A) Humor (B) Humble (C) Humid (D) Humane Ans: (A) Explanation:  Humble (বিনয়ী), Humid (আর্দ্র), Humane (মানবিক) adjective. Humor (কৌতুক) হলো noun. 07. We came to an abandoned house. The underlined word is. [JU-A: 14-15] (A) Adverb (B) Adjective (C) Verb (D) Noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Verb এর past participle (V3) form (abandoned) এখানে noun (house) এর পূর্বে বসে adjective এর কাজ করছে। 08. 'Analyze the above sentence'. The underlined word is. [JU-A: 14-15] (A) Verb (B) Noun (C) Adverb (D) Adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Noun (sentence) এর পূর্বে বসেছে বিধায় above এখানে adjective. RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. ______ higher you climb, ______ colder it gets. [RU-B: 23-24] (A) The, the (B) no article, no article (C) The, a (D) The, no article Ans: (A) Explanation:  Double Comparative এর নিয়ম অনুসারে উভয় পাশে the বসে। 02. Which part of speech is the word 'imitative'? [RU-A: 23-24] (A) Interjection (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Imitative (অনুকরণমূলক) - সাধারণত শব্দের শেষে 'tive' থাকলে সেটি adjective হয়। 03. What part of speech is 'rare'? [RU-A: 23-24] (A) Verb (B) Adjective (C) Preposition (D) Noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Rare (দুর্লভ) - adjective. 04. 'He gave me five books.' which word in the sentence is an adjective? [RU-C: 23-24] (A) books (B) gave (C) me (D) five Ans: (D) Explanation:  Five শব্দটি books (noun) কে modify করে সংখ্যা নির্দেশ করায় এটি adjective. 05. The adjective of 'calamity'- [RU-A: 22-23] (A) calaminous (B) calamine (C) calumny (D) calamitous Ans: (D) Explanation:  Calamity (দুর্যোগ) - Noun. Adjective form: Calamitous. 06. What is the adjective of the word 'Money'? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Monetery (B) Monetary (C) Economic (D) Financial Ans: (B) Explanation:  Money (Noun). Adjective: Monetary (আর্থিক)। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. She wanted to have ______ of the two pieces of cake. [CU-D: 24-25] (A) the smaller (B) smallest (C) the small (D) more small Ans: (A) Explanation:  দুইয়ের মধ্যে তুলনায় The + comparative form ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. Cuba is ______ sugar-growing countries in the world. [CU-B1: 23-24] (A) one of the larger (B) one of the largest (C) one of largest (D) large Ans: (B) Explanation:  One of the এর পরে সর্বদা superlative degree (largest) বসে। 03. Dhaka has become one of the ______ cities in Asia. [CU-A: 23-24, 28 BCS] (A) busy (B) busiest (C) more busy (D) most busiest Ans: (B) Explanation:  One of the এর পর superlative degree হয়। (Most busiest ভুল, কারণ এটি double superlative)। 04. The magnificent temple was constructed by the Chinese. [CU-D: 23-24] (A) eight-century's old (B) eight-century-old (C) old-eight-centuries (D) eight century-old Ans: (B) Explanation:  Hyphenated adjective হিসেবে 'eight-century-old' temple noun কে modify করছে। 05. Ball-point pens require ______ than fountain pens do. [CU-A: 22-23] (A) the thicker the ink (B) an ink and thicker (C) the ink is thicker (D) a thicker ink Ans: (D) Explanation:  সঠিক comparative structure আছে শুধু অপশন D তে। 06. You will have to choose ______ the two evils. [CU-A: 22-23] (A) the lesser of (B) the less of (C) the less than (D) lesser than Ans: (A) Explanation:  Phrase: "choose the lesser of the two evils". 07. My research report is much bigger ______ my friend [CU-B: 22-23] (A) than (B) then (C) than that (D) than that of Ans: (D) Explanation:  তুলনা করা হয়েছে বন্ধুর research report এর সাথে, তাই than that of হবে। 08. This chair is ______ the other. [CU-B: 22-23] (A) comfortable than (B) more comfortable than (C) more comfortable then (D) much comfortable than Ans: (B) Explanation:  Comparative degree এর গঠন: more + adjective + than. 09. The facilities of the older school - [CU-B: 21-22] (A) is as good or better than the new school. (B) are as good or better than the new school. (C) are as good as or better than those of the new school. (D) are as good as or better than the new school. Ans: (C) Explanation:  Logical comparison অনুযায়ী 'facilities' (plural) এর তুলনা করতে 'those of' ব্যবহৃত হবে। 10. Babu is meritorious, Here the word 'meritorious' is- [CU-A: 18-19] (A) an adjective (B) a conjunction (C) an adverb (D) a pronoun Ans: (A) Explanation:  Linking verb 'is' এর পর adjective বসে। 11. Of the two office clerks, one is experienced and ______ [CU-D: 19-20] (A) the others are not (B) another is inexperienced (C) the other is not (D) other lacks experience Ans: (C) Explanation:  দুইজনের ক্ষেত্রে একজনের জন্য one এবং অপরজনের জন্য the other বসে। 12. Our teachers are very friendly and scholarly. Here the underlined words are- [CU-D1,2: 16-17] (A) Adjective (B) Noun (C) Adverbs (D) Preposition Ans: (A) Explanation:  Noun + ly = Adjective (friendly, scholarly). 13. Stores use computers to check inventory and to determine which products are selling well and which are ______ [CU-E: 15-16] (A) less popular (B) less popularly (C) little popularity (D) a little popularity Ans: (A) Explanation:  Linking verb 'are' এর পরে adjective (popular) বসবে। 14. Your performance is ______ than it was a month ago, I'm sorry to say. [CU-E: 03-04] (A) bad (B) worse (C) the worst (D) worst Ans: (B) Explanation:  বাক্যে than থাকায় Comparative degree (worse) হবে। 15. Choose the correct sentence. [CU-B: 2002-03] (A) Bangladesh is like Vietnam. (B) Bangladesh is as like as Vietnam. (C) Bangladesh is some like Vietnam. (D) Bangladesh is same to Vietnam. Ans: (A) Explanation:  কোনো কিছুর মতো বোঝাতে like বসে। KU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. He is a most perfect judge. [KU-C: 18-19] (A) as perfect (B) a perfect (C) absolutely a perfect (D) such a perfect Ans: (B) Explanation:  Perfect শব্দটি নিজেই superlative অর্থ প্রদান করে, তাই এর সাথে most বসে না। 02. Your courage is as great as ______ in defending your country. [KU-S: 14-15] (A) as great as other persons (B) as great as any other person (C) great like other persons (D) as great as that of any other person Ans: (D) Explanation:  Courage (singular) এর তুলনা করতে that of ব্যবহার করে Logical Comparison করতে হয়। 03. The word 'neutral' is- [KU-E: 2013-14] (A) an adverb (B) a noun (C) an adjective (D) a verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Neutral (নিরপেক্ষ) - Adjective. Noun form: Neutrality. 04. Which one is not adjective? [KU-E: 2012-13] (A) Cute (B) Mute (C) Lute (D) Acute Ans: (C) Explanation:  Cute, Mute, Acute হলো Adjective. Lute (বীণা/বাদ্যযন্ত্র) হলো Noun. CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Food supplies remain scarce. Here scarce is used as - [CoU-C: 18-19] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Participle Ans: (A) Explanation:  Remain (linking verb) এর পর Adjective বসে। Scarce - অপ্রতুল। SUST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. 'One of the two students is studying to be a doctor but ______ wants to be an architect'. [SUST-B: 2012-13] (A) other (B) one (C) another (D) the other Ans: (D) Explanation:  দুইজনের মধ্যে নির্দিষ্ট করে অপরজনকে বোঝাতে the other বসে। HSTU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Mr. Quereshi is a university professor. Here 'university' is a [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) Noun (B) Determiner (C) Noun adjective (D) pronominal adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  পাশাপাশি দুটি noun থাকলে আগের noun টি adjective এর কাজ করে, একে Noun Adjective বলে। 02. Which one is superlative degree form? [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Less (B) Lesser (C) Least (D) None Ans: (C) Explanation:  Little - Less/Lesser - Least (সবচেয়ে কম). 03. He is my brother. Here, 'my' is a/an- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Noun (B) Pronoun (C) Adjective (D) Conjunction Ans: (C) Explanation:  'My' (Possessive adjective) এখানে noun এর আগে বসে তাকে modify করছে। 04. Select the correct sentence: [HSTU-C: 14-15] (A) He feels better today. (B) He feels comparatively better today. (C) He feel better today. (D) He is feeling better today. Ans: (A) Explanation:  Better এর সাথে comparatively ব্যবহার করা বাহুল্য (Redundancy)। 05. The audience is ______ last year concert. [HSTU-E: 14-15] (A) larger than that of (B) large than that of (C) larger than that (D) largest than that Ans: (A) Explanation:  Audience (singular) এর সাথে তুলনা করতে that of ব্যবহৃত হবে। GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Of the two new teachers, one is experienced and ______. [GST-A: 24-25] (A) the others are not (B) another is inexperienced (C) the other is not (D) other lacks experience Ans: (C) Explanation:  দুইজনের ক্ষেত্রে একজনের জন্য One এবং অপরজনের জন্য The other বসে। 02. The childcare needs to ensure a homely atmosphere. Here 'homely' is used as [GST-A: 24-25] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adjective (D) an adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Noun + ly = Adjective. Homely - ঘরোয়া। 03. Which is ______ of the two? [GST-A: 24-25] (A) cheaper (B) the cheap (C) the cheapest (D) the cheaper Ans: (D) Explanation:  Of the two থাকলে The + Comparative degree হয়। 04. When I am online, I have liberty. The underlined word is a/an [GST-B: 23-24] (A) adjective (B) adverb (C) preposition (D) verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  'am' linking verb এর পরে adjective বসে। 05. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word: Floods leave people vulnerable to water-borne diseases. [GST-A: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adverb (C) Preposition (D) Adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Vulnerable (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ/দুর্বল) একটি Adjective. 06. We ought to improve the condition of those who feel downtrodden. [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Noun (B) Adverb (C) Adjective (D) Verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Feel (linking verb) এর পর Adjective বসে। Downtrodden - নিপীড়িত। 07. "Life is a walking shadow." Here the underlined word is a/an [GST-A: 21-22] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Verb (D) Adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Walking (Participle) এখানে Shadow (noun) কে modify করছে, তাই এটি Adjective. 08. Find out the correct answer: [IU-B: 18-19] (A) His sports car costs much more than his friend Ali. (B) His sports car cost much more than his friend Ali. (C) His sport car costs much more than his friend Ali's. (D) His sports car costs much more than his friend Ali's. Ans: (D) Explanation:  গাড়ির সাথে গাড়ির তুলনা করতে Ali's (Ali's car) ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 09. I have a laptop computer. The underlined word is a/an- [BSMRSTU-D: 18-19] (A) Noun (B) Verb (C) Adverb (D) Adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  পাশাপাশি দুটি noun থাকলে প্রথমটি adjective (Noun Adjective) হয়। 10. What is the superlative degree of "bad"? [JUST-B: 17-18] (A) baddest (B) worst (C) worse (D) worsted Ans: (B) Explanation:  Bad - Worse - Worst. 11. There were ______ guests than I expected. [BRUR-D: 16-17] (A) less (B) lesser (C) fewer (D) few Ans: (C) Explanation:  Countable noun (guests) এর সাথে fewer বসে। 12. He is quite ______ with my progress. [BRUR-D: 16-17] (A) satisfy (B) satisfying (C) satisfied (D) satisfaction Ans: (C) Explanation:  Quite satisfied (বেশ সন্তুষ্ট). Adverb এর পর Adjective বসে। 13. Rozina looks amazed after knowing her HSC result. The underlined word is [BRUR-D: 16-17] (A) an adjective (B) a noun (C) an adverb (D) a verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Look (linking verb) এর পর adjective বসে। Amazed - বিস্মিত। 14. What is the adjective form of the word 'divide'? [JUST-A: 16-17] (A) devisable (B) divisive (C) dividible (D) divisable Ans: (B) Explanation:  Divisive - বিভাজনমূলক। 15. Examinations are frightening. [BU-14-15] (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Adjective (D) Noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  Frightening শব্দটি Examinations সম্পর্কে তথ্য দিচ্ছে (Link verb 'are' এর পরে), তাই Adjective. 16. All his stories have always amused me. [BU-D: 13-14] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Verb (D) Adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  All এখানে stories কে modify করছে। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Education is the most pressing need of the time. Here the word 'pressing' is: [BDS: 23-24] (A) pronoun (B) gerund (C) adverb (D) verbal adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Verb+ing যখন adjective এর কাজ করে তখন তাকে Verbal Adjective বা Participle বলে। Pressing need (জরুরি প্রয়োজন). 02. He was wise enough to accept the other. Here enough is- [MBBS: 18-19] (A) adjective (B) preposition (C) conjunction (D) adverb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Enough যখন Adjective (Wise) এর পরে বসে তখন তা Adverb হয়। 03. Which of the following sentence uses the word 'right' as an adjective? [MBBS: 2009-10] (A) He is the right man for the job. (B) Sear him right. (C) It is such a fault that will right itself. (D) It is a matter of right. Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে Right শব্দটি Man (Noun) কে modify করছে, তাই Adjective. 04. Superlative form of the word 'Easy' is - [BSC-Nursing: 22-23] (A) more easy (B) most easy (C) easiest (D) easier Ans: (C) Explanation:  Easy - Easier - Easiest. 05. 'All flowers are nice to look at'- Here 'nice' is- [BSC-Nursing: 22-23] (A) adjective (B) noun (C) adverb (D) pronoun Ans: (A) Explanation:  Nice - Qualitative Adjective. 06. 'It is a beautiful bird' Here 'beautiful' is - [Diploma in Nursing: 22-23] (A) Pronominal adjective (B) Numeral adjective (C) Qualitative adjective (D) Quantitative adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  Beautiful - গুণবাচক বিশেষণ (Qualitative). 07. "They did not allow a drunken man in the meeting." Here, "drunken" is- [Diploma in Nursing: 22-23] (A) adverb (B) noun (C) verb (D) adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Drunken শব্দটি man কে modify করছে। Other-University Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. 'This is the very thing I want.' In this sentence the word 'very' is used as- [CKRUET: 22-23] (A) Adjective of quantity (B) Adjective of quality (C) Emphasizing adjective (D) Compound adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  Very যখন জোর প্রদানের জন্য Noun এর আগে বসে তখন তাকে Emphasizing Adjective বলে। 02. He is strong ______ carry the burden. [NU: 24-25] (A) enough (B) most (C) of course (D) none of them above Ans: (A) Explanation:  Adjective (strong) + enough বসে। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the adjective form of the word 'people'? [43 BCS] (A) populous (B) popular (C) popularity (D) popularize Ans: (A) Explanation:  People এর adjective হলো populous (জনবহুল)। 02. Go and catch the falling star. Here the "falling" is- [42nd BCS] (A) an adverb (B) a preposition (C) an adjective (D) a verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Falling (Participle) এখানে Star কে modify করছে। 03. She is beautiful, but she is ______ her mother. [24th BCS] (A) most beautiful (B) less beautiful (C) as beautiful (D) not so beautiful as Ans: (D) Explanation:  নেতিবাচক তুলনায় not so ... as ব্যবহৃত হয়। 04. I thought that ______ was the last one. [24th BCS] (A) most prettiest (B) the most prettiest of all (C) prettiest one of all (D) the prettiest one of all Ans: (D) Explanation:  Superlative degree এর পূর্বে The বসে। Most prettiest (Double superlative) ভুল। 05. All of the people at the NAM conference are ______. [18th BCS] (A) Mathematics teachers (B) Mathematic's teachers (C) Mathematic teachers (D) Mathematics teacher Ans: (A) Explanation:  All (plural) এর কারণে teachers (plural) হবে। বিষয়ের নাম Mathematics. 06. Prices for bicycles can run ______ Tk. 2,000.00. [18th BCS] (A) as high as (B) so high as (C) as high to (D) as high for Ans: (A) Explanation:  'পর্যন্ত' বোঝাতে as high as ব্যবহৃত হয়। Answers With Explanation:

Pronoun-antecedent agreement is a grammatical principle that ensures consistency between a pronoun and its antecedent in terms of number, gender, and person. The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun refers to or replaces. Here are the rules along with examples: Rules for Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Number Agreement: Examples: A singular pronoun must replace a singular antecedent, and a plural pronoun must replace a plural antecedent. Gender Agreement: Examples: The pronoun should match the gender of its antecedent. Use masculine pronouns for masculine antecedents, feminine pronouns for feminine antecedents, and neutral pronouns for neutral or unspecified antecedents. Person Agreement: Examples: The pronoun must match the person of its antecedent. First-person pronouns should replace first-person antecedents, second-person pronouns for second-person antecedents, and third-person pronouns for third-person antecedents. Clarity Agreement: Examples: Ensure clarity by using specific pronouns that clearly refer to their antecedents. Avoid vague or ambiguous pronoun references. Additional Tips: Be cautious with indefinite pronouns like "everyone," "someone," "anyone," etc. They are singular and require singular pronouns. Make sure to review the context to ensure that the pronoun matches the intended antecedent. Exercise: 4.1 fill-in-the-blanks exercise with 30 sentences for practicing pronoun-antecedent agreement: Exercise: Fill in the Blanks The cat  licked ___  paw and then fell asleep. Each student  must bring ___  own supplies to class. My brother and I  will go to the park with ___  friends. Nobody  wants to miss ___  chance to win. Every member of the team  needs to do ___  best. The book  fell off ___  shelf and onto the floor. The children  played with ___  toys in the yard. Each of the students  handed in ___  assignments on time. The committee  will announce ___  decision tomorrow. Somebody  left ___  phone on the table. Everybody  loves ___  mother's cooking. None of the guests  remembered to bring ___  umbrella. The dog  wagged ___  tail when it saw its owner. Either of the contestants  can present ___  project first. Nobody  should forget ___  keys at home. The company  rewarded ___  employees with a bonus. Each participant  received ___  certificate of participation. Each child  should pick up ___  toys after playing. Somebody  is at the door; can you answer ___ ? Everybody  has ___  own preferences. None of the students  completed ___  homework. The teacher  handed out textbooks to ___  students. Both of the twins  received ___  own birthday present. The athlete  stretched ___  muscles before the race. Nobody  knows ___  true intentions. Each member of the team  brought ___  lunch. Somebody  forgot to lock ___  car. The committee  reached ___  decision after much debate. Everyone  is responsible for ___  actions. The child  carried ___  backpack to school. Answers: its their their his or her their its their their its their his or her their its his or her their its a their them their their their their his their their their its their their Exercise: 4.2 The dog  barked loudly when they  heard a noise outside. Every student  must submit their  assignment by Friday. Each of the boys  brought her  own lunch to school. The team  celebrated its  victory with a party. Neither of the girls  finished their  homework on time. My sister and I  will visit our  grandparents next weekend. Somebody  left his  backpack in the classroom. The committee  will announce their  decision tomorrow. The cat  licked its  paw and then fell asleep. Everyone  is responsible for his or her  own actions. Either of the candidates  can present their  proposal first. A person  should always do his  best. The book  fell off its  shelf and onto the floor. The jury  reached its  verdict after hours of deliberation. One of the students  forgot their  notebook at home. Nobody  wants to miss his or her  chance to win. The child  rode his  bike to the park. Each member of the group  contributed their  ideas. The athlete  stretched his  muscles before the race. Somebody  is at the door; can you answer it ? Everyone  in the class must submit his or her  project. Nobody  should forget their  umbrella on a rainy day. The bird  built its  nest high in the tree. The company  rewarded its  employees for their hard work. Each student  must bring his or her  own supplies to class. Anybody  can achieve his or her  dreams with hard work. The teacher  handed out books to his or her  students. Each member of the family  has his or her  own room. Neither of the twins  remembered his or her  birthday. Somebody  forgot to turn off their  computer before leaving. Answers with Explanation: Incorrect : The pronoun "they" does not agree with the singular antecedent "dog." Corrected : The dog barked loudly when it  heard a noise outside. Incorrect : "Every student" is singular, so the pronoun "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Every student must submit his or her  assignment by Friday. Incorrect : "Each of the boys" is singular, so the pronoun "her" is incorrect. Corrected : Each of the boys brought his  own lunch to school. Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "team." Incorrect : "Neither" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Neither of the girls finished her  homework on time. Correct : The pronoun "our" agrees with the plural antecedent "sister and I." Correct : "Somebody" is singular, and "his" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Incorrect : "The committee" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : The committee will announce its  decision tomorrow. Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "cat." Correct : "Everyone" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Incorrect : "Either" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Either of the candidates can present his or her  proposal first. Correct : The pronoun "his" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun used with "a person." Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "book." Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "jury." Incorrect : "One" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : One of the students forgot his or her  notebook at home. Incorrect : "Nobody" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Nobody wants to miss his or her  chance to win. Correct : The pronoun "his" agrees with the singular antecedent "child." Incorrect : "Each member" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Each member of the group contributed his or her  ideas. Correct : The pronoun "his" agrees with the singular antecedent "athlete." Correct : The pronoun "it" agrees with the singular antecedent "somebody." Correct : "Everyone" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Incorrect : "Nobody" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Nobody should forget his or her  umbrella on a rainy day. Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "bird." Correct : The pronoun "its" agrees with the singular antecedent "company." Correct : "Each student" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Correct : "Anybody" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Incorrect : "The teacher" is singular, so "his or her" is needed instead of "his." Corrected : The teacher handed out books to his or her  students. Correct : "Each member of the family" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Correct : "Neither" is singular, and "his or her" is a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Incorrect : "Somebody" is singular, so "their" is incorrect. Corrected : Somebody forgot to turn off his or her  computer before leaving. Antecedent of Pronoun- University Admission Test পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত কোনো noun এর পরিবর্তে pronoun ব্যবহৃত হলে, পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত noun টি কে pronoun এর antecedent  বলে। Antecedent এর number এবং person এর উপর ভিত্তি করে pronoun এর number এবং person নির্ধারিত ও ব্যবহৃত হয়। People  often like parties because they  get to see old friends. The weather  is great today; let's make the most of it  by going to the beach. (উপরিউক্ত ১ নং বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় clause এ they, প্রথম clause এর subject 'people' এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। এবং ২ নং বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় clause এ it, প্রথম clause এর subject 'the weather' এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তাই ১ নং বাক্যে they এর antecedent হলো people এবং ২ নং বাক্যে it এর antecedent হলো the weather।) Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement: Rule-01:  Antecedent singular হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টিও singular এবং antecedent plural হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টিও plural হবে। Ex:  Karim is responsible for his  work. Ex:  Karim and Rahim are responsible for their  work. Rule-02:  And দ্বারা যুক্ত দুইটি singular noun একই ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। কিন্তু And দ্বারা যুক্ত দুইটি singular noun একই ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে না বুঝিয়ে দুইজন ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  The Principal and Secretary is doing his  job. (একই ব্যক্তি) Ex:  The Principal and the Secretary are doing their  job. (আলাদা ব্যক্তি) (Note: দুইটি Singular noun দুইজন ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করলে দুইটি noun এর পূর্বেই article (a, an, the) ব্যবহৃত হয়।) Rule-03:  Each of, either of, neither of, every + noun বাক্যের subject হলে এদের পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। Ex:  Each of the workers has done his  job. Ex:  Every man loves his  country. Rule-04:  Several of, both of, few of বাক্যের subject হলে এদের পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  Several of us will be attending the conference. Ex:  Both of them should do their  duty. Rule-05:  কোম্পানীর নাম, বইয়ের নাম, film এর নাম বাক্যের subject হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। (এগুলো দেখতে plural মনে হলেও আদতে singular)। Ex:   Romeo and Juliet  has achieved its  name as a romantic play. Rule-06:  Collective noun (যেমন: club, class, committee, jury ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা single unit বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular এবং plural unit বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  The jury is unanimous in its  decision. Ex:  The jury are divided in their  decisions. Ex:  The pronoun agrees with its antecedent in - [DU-B: 97-98] (A) The family does their best to make a living. (B) The family are doing its best to make a living. (C) The family do its best to make a living. (D) The family does its best to make a living. Ans: (D) Rule-07:  One এর possessive form হিসেবে one's ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  One should do one's  duty. Ex:  One must obey one's  parents. Ex:  One should be careful about _____ duty. [Nursing Diploma: 21-22] (A) his (B) her (C) the (D) one's Ans: (D) Rule-08:  One of + ব্যক্তিবাচক plural noun এর possessive form হিসেবে his/her ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  One of the guests received his/her  gift. Ex:  One of the students has taken his/her  bag. Rule-09:  Second, third এবং first person অথবা second এবং first person একই সাথে বাক্যের subject হলে এদের possessive form হিসেবে our  ব্যবহৃত হয়। এছাড়া, সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে 231  (second person, third person and first person) ও অপরাধ বোঝালে 123  ক্রমধারা (serial) অনুসরণ করে। Ex:  You, he and I opened our  bank accounts. Ex:  You and I have prepared our  presentation. Ex:  Which one of the following sentences is correct? [DU-C: 99-00] (A) Selim, you and I shall be punished. (B) I, you and Selim shall be punished. (C) You, me and Selim shall be punished. (D) You, Selim and I shall be punished. Ans: (B)   (অপরাধ বোঝালে 123) Ex:  Which one is the correct sentence given below? [MBBS: 2017-18] (A) You, he and I went there. (B) He, you and I went there. (C) You, I and he went there. (D) You, I and he went there. Ans: (A)   (সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে 231) Rule-10:  Third এবং second person একই সাথে বাক্যের subject হলে এদের Possessive form হিসেবে your  ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Ruhi and you have completed your  study. Ex:  Rafid and you went to see your  garden.

TOPIC: PRONOUN PRONOUN Part 1: Primary Discussion Pronoun  অর্থ ‘সর্বনাম’। যে word বাক্যে কোনো noun বা noun phrase এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে ঐ noun বা noun phrase কে নির্দেশ করে তাকে pronoun  বলে। বাক্যে বারবার একই noun এর ব্যবহার এড়াতে এবং বাক্যের সৌন্দর্য ও মাধুর্য বৃদ্ধির লক্ষ্যে pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Mr. Mofizul is a businessman. He  hails from Meherpur district. (উপরিউক্ত দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে He শব্দটি প্রথম বাক্যের Mr. Mofizul এর প্রতিস্থাপক হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। এতে বাক্যের অর্থ যেমন সঠিকভাবে প্রকাশিত হয়েছে, তেমনি বাক্যের সৌন্দর্য ও মাধুর্য বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে। প্রথম বাক্যের Mr. Mofizul এর প্রতিস্থাপক দ্বিতীয় বাক্যের He শব্দটি একটি pronoun.) Classification of Pronoun সাধারণত নয় প্রকার Pronoun নিয়ে English Grammar-এ আলোচনা করা হয়। যথা: No. Pronoun Example No. Pronoun Example 01. Personal Pronoun I, we, they, he, she, me etc. 06. Distributive Pronoun each, either, neither etc. 02. Possessive Pronoun mine, ours, yours, theirs etc. 07. Indefinite Pronoun any, one, none, some etc. 03. Demonstrative Pronoun this, these, that, those etc. 08. Reflexive Pronoun myself, ourselves etc. 04. Interrogative Pronoun who, whom, what, which etc. 09. Reciprocal Pronoun each other, one another 05. Relative Pronoun who, whom, which, that etc. Part 2: Important Rules with Previous Questions Personal Pronoun যে pronoun ব্যক্তির পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে personal pronoun বলে। Personal pronoun মূলত তিন প্রকার। যথা: First Person Second Person Third Person 01. First person:  First person অর্থ উত্তম পুরুষ। বাক্যে যে ব্যক্তি স্বয়ং কথা বলে তাকে first person বলে। First person এর প্রধান তিনটি form হলো: Name Subjective form Objective form Possessive form Singular I  (আমি) Me  (আমাকে) My  (আমার) Plural We  (আমরা) Us  (আমাদেরকে) Our  (আমাদের) Export to Sheets 02. Second person:  Second person অর্থ মধ্যম পুরুষ। বাক্যে যে ব্যক্তিকে সম্বোধন করে কথা বলা হয় তাকে second person বলে। Second person এর প্রধান তিনটি form হলো: Name Subjective form Objective form Possessive form Singular You  (তুমি) You  (তোমাকে) Your  (তোমার) Plural You  (তোমরা) You  (তোমাদেরকে) Your  (তোমাদের) 03. Third person:  Third person অর্থ নাম পুরুষ। বাক্যে যে ব্যক্তি সম্বন্ধে কথা বলা হয় তাকে third person বলে। Third person এর প্রধান তিনটি form হলো: Name Subjective form Objective form Possessive form Singular He/She  (সে) / It  (এটা) Him/Her  (তাকে) / It  (এটাকে) His/Her  (তার) / Its  (এর) Plural They  (তারা) Them  (তাদেরকে) Their  (তাদের) বাক্যে Person এর বিভিন্ন Form এর ব্যবহার Subjective Form Sentence এবং clause এর subject হিসেবে pronoun এর subjective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   He  had a score of thirty. Comparative sentence এ as এবং than এর পর pronoun এর subjective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Rafik is taller than I . Subject এর উপর জোর দিতে be verb এর পর pronoun এর subjective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  It is he  who is guilty. Note:  It is/It was এর পর যে person ব্যবহৃত হয় ঐ person এর number অনুযায়ী who এর পর verb বসে।It is I who...It is he who...It is she who...It is they who...It was I who...It was he who...It was she who...It was they who... Ex:  It was _____ who first noticed the difference. [DU C: 99-00] (A) me (B) I (C) myself (D) meself Ans: (B) Objective Form Sentence এবং clause এর object হিসেবে pronoun এর objective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  They asked me . Let এর পর pronoun এর objective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Let him  do the work. Preposition এর পর সাধারণত pronoun এর objective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  We are thinking of them . Ex:  Nobody will come between you and me . Ex:  The first half of the game belonged to us and the second half to _____. [DU D: 16-17] (A) them (B) they (C) their (D) those Ans: (A) Infinitive (to + v1) এবং gerund (v1 + ing) এর পরে থাকা pronoun এর objective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  I want to teach them  a lesson. Ex:  After dropping him  from the company, I got relaxed. Possessive Form বাক্যে কোনো কিছুর স্বত্বাধিকার (আমার/তোমার/তাদের ইত্যাদি) বোঝাতে noun/noun phrase এর পূর্বে pronoun এর possessive form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  They are my  brothers. Ex:  This is our  house. Gerund এর পূর্বে pronoun ব্যবহৃত হলে, pronoun এর possessive form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Your writing is very well. Ex:  She insists on my  going there. Ex:  She insisted on _____ leaving the house. [45th BCS] (A) he (B) him (C) himself (D) his Ans: (D) শরীরের অঙ্গ-প্রত্যঙ্গের পূর্বে pronoun ব্যবহৃত হলে, pronoun এর possessive form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   His  hands were long. Note:  Person এর possessive form এক ধরনের adjective যদি তা noun এর পূর্বে বসে। তাই একে possessive adjective-ও বলা হয়। Possessive Pronoun যে Pronoun কোনো কিছুর সত্ত্ব বা অধিকার বোঝায় তাকে Possessive pronoun  বলে। This is my car. This is mine . (উপরিউক্ত প্রথম বাক্যে my car কে নির্দেশ করতে দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে যে mine শব্দটি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, তাই Possessive pronoun.) বৈশিষ্ট্য: পূর্বে উল্লেখিত কোনো noun দ্বিতীয় বার উল্লেখ না করতে possessive pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। বাক্যের subject বা object হিসেবে possessive pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Preposition এর পর object হিসেবে possessive pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Possessive pronoun এর গঠন:  Pronoun এর possessive form + noun মিলে possessive pronoun গঠিত হয়। Ex:  Her dress is green and my dress is red. (possessive form/adjective) Ex:   Hers  is green and mine  is red. (possessive pronoun) Person ভেদে possessive pronoun এর রূপ নিম্নরূপ: Person Subjective pronoun Possessive pronoun First person I; We Mine; Ours Second person You Yours Third person He; She; It; They His; Hers; Its; Theirs Note:  Second person এর singular এবং plural pronoun এর form একই। His এবং Its শব্দদ্বয় Possessive adjective এবং Possessive pronoun উভয় ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Possessive adjective এবং possessive pronoun এর পার্থক্য নিম্নরূপ: Possessive adjective Possessive pronoun Noun এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত হয় Noun ছাড়াই স্বাধীনভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় (noun কে প্রতিস্থাপন করে) This is my  house. This is mine . (mine = my home) Their  computer works fast. Theirs  works fast. (theirs = their computer) Export to Sheets Ex:  These handkerchiefs are _____. Don't mix them up with _____. [RU-A: 18-19] (A) my, her (B) mine, hers (C) I, she (D) me, her's Ans: (B) Reflexive Pronoun বাক্যের subject এবং object একই হলে object এর স্থলে যে pronoun বসে তাকে Reflexive pronoun  (আত্মবাচক সর্বনাম) বলে। তবে, অর্থের ওপর জোর প্রদানের ক্ষেত্রে reflexive pronoun ক্ষেত্রেবিশেষে subject এর ঠিক পরেও বসতে পারে। He killed himself  yesterday. They blamed themselves  for being wrong. Ex:  'You must trust yourself.' Which one is a reflexive pronoun? [RU, B: 20-21] (A) you (B) yourself (C) must (D) none Ans: (B) Person ভেদে reflexive pronoun নিম্নরূপ: Person Subjective pronoun Reflexive pronoun First person I, We Myself, Ourselves Second person You Yourself, Yourselves Third person He, She, It, They Himself, Herself, Itself, Themselves বৈশিষ্ট্য: বাক্যে subject এর ওপর জোর দিতে reflexive pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Subject এর পর অথবা verb এর পর উভয় স্থানে reflexive pronoun বসতে পারে। Reflexive pronoun যখন subject এর উপর জোর প্রদান করতে ঐ subject এর পরে বসে তখন তাকে emphatic reflexive pronoun  বলে। Ex:  I myself  have done the work. Ex:  We ourselves  arrange the party. Relative Pronoun যে pronoun পূর্বোল্লিখিত noun/pronoun এর পরে বসে ঐ noun/pronoun কেই নির্দেশ করে এবং দুইটি clause কে সংযুক্ত করে তাকে Relative pronoun  বলে। Ex:  He is a boy. He always speaks the truth. -> He is a boy who  always speaks the truth. নিম্নলিখিত word গুলো relative pronoun: Who Whom Whose Which What/That বৈশিষ্ট্য: পূর্ববর্তী noun বা pronoun কে নির্দেশ করতে relative pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। দুইটি clause কে সংযুক্ত করতে clause marker হিসেবে relative pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। বাক্য সংকোচন করতে relative pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Who, Which and What are _____. [KU-B: 2012-13] (A) Demonstrative pronoun (B) Relative pronoun (C) Indefinite pronoun (D) Reflexive pronoun Ans: (B) Ex:  I know the girl who turned up this morning. What type of pronoun is 'who' in this sentence? [SUST-B: 2005-06] (A) relative (B) reciprocal (C) distributive (D) demonstrative Ans: (A) Compound Relative Pronoun:  Relative pronoun এর সাথে ever যুক্ত হয়ে যে relative pronoun গঠিত হয় তাকে compound (relative) pronoun বলে। Whoever Whomever Whosever Whichever Whatever Ex:  The word 'whoever' is an example of _____ [BDS: 2024-25] (A) compound pronoun (B) relative pronoun (C) indefinite pronoun (D) reciprocal pronoun Ans: (A) Note:  বাক্যে antecedent হিসেবে noun/pronoun নির্দিষ্ট হলে relative pronoun এবং অনির্দিষ্ট হলে compound (relative) pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। Relative Pronoun এর ব্যবহার Who এর ব্যবহার: Subject ব্যক্তিবাচক noun/pronoun হলে relative pronoun হিসেবে who ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  We see a man. He is a doctor. -> We see a man who  is a doctor. Ex:  Joy is a student. He always speaks the truth. -> Joy is a student who  always speaks the truth. Whom এর ব্যবহার: Object ব্যক্তিবাচক noun/pronoun হলে relative pronoun হিসেবে whom ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The man is a doctor. I met him yesterday. -> The man whom  I met yesterday is a doctor. Ex:  Arian works fast. They employ him here. -> Arian whom  they employ here works fast. Whose এর ব্যবহার: Noun এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত possessive form (my, our, your, his, her, their) এর ক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে whose ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The girl is crying. Her pen is lost. -> The girl whose  pen is lost is crying. Ex:  He has a son. His name is Mortuza. -> He has a son whose  name is Mortuza. Whoever এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তিবাচক subject এর ক্ষেত্রে compound relative pronoun হিসেবে whoever ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Tickets are given to whoever  wants them. (অনির্দিষ্ট) Ex:  We'll give the prize to whoever  stands first. (অনির্দিষ্ট) Whomever এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তিবাচক object এর ক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে whomever ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Give the prize to whomever  you like. (অনির্দিষ্ট) Ex:  I will hire whomever  I can find. (অনির্দিষ্ট) Relative pronoun এবং compound relative pronoun এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য: Relative Pronoun Compound Relative Pronoun সাধারণত এদের পূর্বে Antecedent (পূর্বপদ) থাকে সাধারণত এদের পূর্বে Antecedent (পূর্বপদ) থাকে না The flight attendant who  helped me was very nice. Whoever  comes first will get a prize. This is the artist whom  we interviewed. He can ask whomever  she wishes to dance with. Export to Sheets Which এর ব্যবহার: Subject বস্তুবাচক noun হলে relative pronoun হিসেবে which ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The car was yellow. It hit me. -> The car which  hit me was yellow. Ex:  I bought a pen. It was a fountain pen. -> I bought a pen which  was a fountain pen. ভিন্ন অর্থে মাঝে মাঝে which এর পূর্বে preposition ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The universe in which  we live is immensely complex. Ex:  She tried to measure the speed at which  they were travelling. Whichever এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট বস্তুবাচক subject এর ক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে whichever ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Take whichever  book you like. Ex:  I like whichever  is presented here. Which এবং whichever এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য: Which Whichever সাধারণত এদের পূর্বে Antecedent (পূর্বপদ) থাকে সাধারণত এদের পূর্বে Antecedent (পূর্বপদ) থাকে না I live in the house which  is under the tree. Whichever  team wins, I will be happy. What এর ব্যবহার: নির্দিষ্ট কোনো কিছুর ক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে what ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   What  she said made me cry. Ex:  We can't give you what  you need. Whatever এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট কোনো কিছুর ক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে whatever ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  You may take whatever  you like. Ex:   Whatever  you do, I will support you. What এবং whatever এর মধ্যে পার্থক্য: What Whatever নির্দিষ্ট কোনো কিছুর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় অনির্দিষ্ট কোনো কিছুর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় Your red dress is what  you should wear. You can wear whatever  you want. That এর ব্যবহার: ব্যক্তি অথবা বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে who, whom, which এর পরিবর্তে relative pronoun হিসেবে that ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  I have read the book that  you lent me. Ex:  The person that  helped you was killed last night. Note:  Relative pronoun এর পূর্বে antecedent (Relative pronoun এর পূর্ববর্তী noun/pronoun) থাকলে এর সাথে ever যুক্ত হয় না। Relative pronoun এর পূর্বে antecedent না থাকলে এর সাথে ever যুক্ত হয় এবং অনির্দিষ্টতা বোঝায়। Interrogative Pronoun যে pronoun কোনো তথ্য জানতে বা প্রশ্ন জিজ্ঞেস করতে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Interrogative pronoun  বলে। এছাড়া, Interrogative pronoun বাক্যে adjective হিসেবে noun এর পূর্বেও বসতে পারে। What  do you want? Who  is coming today? বৈশিষ্ট্য: Interrogative pronoun সাধারণত বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে। Interrogative pronoun ব্যবহৃত বাক্যের শেষে question mark (?) থাকে। Interrogative pronoun ক্ষেত্র বিশেষে বাক্যে pronoun এবং adjective উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। বাক্যে দুই ধরনের interrogative word ব্যবহার হয়: Interrogative Pronoun:  যে Interrogative word বাক্যের subject অথবা object হিসেবে ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝায় সেটি interrogative pronoun। (Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What) Adverbial Interrogative Word:  যে Interrogative word বাক্যের verb কে বিশেষিত করে তা adverbial interrogative word। (Why, Where, When, How) Note:  Adverbial interrogative word কখনো subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় না। Interrogative Pronoun এর ব্যবহার Who এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট singular এবং plural ব্যক্তিকে নির্দেশ করতে interrogative pronoun হিসেবে who ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   Who  is knocking the door? Ex:   Who  played football in the garden? বাক্যে who এর তিনটি interrogative form ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে: Subjective form: Who  - কে Objective form: Whom  - কাকে Possessive form: Whose  - কার Ex:   Who  is coming? Ex:   Whom  do you want? Ex:   Whose  watch is this? What এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট বস্তু বা কোনো কিছু নির্দেশ করতে interrogative pronoun হিসেবে what ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   What  is an earthquake? Ex:   What  will you do now? Note:  কী/কীসের জন্য অর্থে what for ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   What  is Bangladesh famous for ? (বাংলাদেশ কীসের জন্য বিখ্যাত?) Which এর ব্যবহার: অনির্দিষ্ট singular এবং plural বস্তু এবং ইতর প্রাণীকে নির্দেশ করতে interrogative pronoun হিসেবে which ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   Which  do you want? Ex:   Which  are your own writings? What/Which এর বিশেষ ব্যবহার: What এবং which যখন কোনো noun এর পূর্বে বসে তখন তা interrogative adjective হয়ে যায়। Interrogative pronoun এবং interrogative adjective এর পার্থক্য: Interrogative pronoun Interrogative adjective What  do you like to eat? What  food do you like to eat? Which  is the best route to the airport? Which  route is good for me? Note:  বাক্যের শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত interrogative pronoun গুলো (who, whom, which, etc.) বাক্যের মাঝে বসলে তখন সেগুলো সাধারণত relative pronoun এ পরিণত হয়। Ex:   Who  are you? (Interrogative) Ex:  I know the boy who  came yesterday. (Relative) Reciprocal Pronoun যে Pronoun দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক নির্দেশ করে তাকে Reciprocal pronoun  বলে। Reciprocal Pronoun দুইটি: Each other One another Ex:  Two girls are talking with each other . Ex:  They help one another . Each Other:  দুই জন ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পরস্পর সম্পর্ক বোঝালে each other ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Zaker and Selim help each other . (দুজনের মধ্যে) One Another:  দুইয়ের অধিক ব্যক্তির মধ্যে পরস্পর সম্পর্ক বোঝালে one another ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The three brothers help one another . (অনেকের মধ্যে) Indefinite Pronoun যে Pronoun কোনো বিশেষ ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে না বুঝিয়ে অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝায় তাকে Indefinite pronoun  বলে। Any  of the boys can do the work. Both  of them are reliable here. নিম্নলিখিত Indefinite pronoun গুলো সাধারণত singular pronoun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এদের পর verb এর singular form ব্যবহৃত হয়: Any, One, Someone, No one, Somebody, Nobody, Anyone, Anybody, Another. Ex:   Anyone  can help you. Ex:   Any  man can enter without permission. Ex:   Somebody  will find you there. Note:  Any, one, some ইত্যাদির পর noun থাকলে তারা adjective-এ পরিণত হয়। (e.g., Any man...) নিম্নলিখিত Indefinite pronoun গুলো plural pronoun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এদের পর verb এর plural form ব্যবহৃত হয়: Few, Fewer, Many, Others, Several, Both. Ex:   Few  are absent today. Ex:   Some  people are in the room. Note:  Few, fewer, many, several এর পর noun এর plural form ব্যবহৃত হয়। নিম্নলিখিত Indefinite pronoun গুলো singular এবং plural উভয় pronoun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়: All, Any, More, Most, None, Some. Note:  Any, none, some, all এর পর uncountable noun বসলে verb এর singular form এবং plural noun বসলে verb এর plural form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:   Some  information is missing. Ex:   Most  of the news is fake. Ex:   Some  mangoes are rotten. Ex:   Most  of the flowers are fresh. Distributive Pronoun যে Pronoun এক জাতীয় একাধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে প্রত্যেককে আলাদাভাবে নির্দেশ করে, তাকে Distributive pronoun  বলে। Each (of) Either (of) Neither (of) Any (of) None (of) Ex:   Each  of the articles is informative. Ex:   Either  of them is perfect for the job. Note:  এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত of এর পর noun/pronoun এর plural form এবং verb এর singular form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Plural subject এর পর each থাকলে verb এর plural form ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  The teachers each  have conducted their class. Ex:  They each  have their own email address. Ex:  Pronoun 'each' is - [JKKNIU-D: 18-19] (A) demonstrative (B) indefinite (C) distributive (D) reciprocal Ans: (C) Demonstrative Pronoun যে Pronoun কোনো noun কে নির্দিষ্ট ভাবে নির্দেশ করে, তাকে Demonstrative pronoun  (নির্দেশক সর্বনাম) বলে। This  was my mother's ring. These  are nice shoes. Demonstrative pronoun গুলো নিম্নরূপ: This That These Those Such Ex:   That  was an amazing performance. Ex:   Such  was her command over the rules. Antecedent of Pronoun পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত কোনো noun এর পরিবর্তে pronoun ব্যবহৃত হলে, পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত noun টি কে pronoun এর antecedent  বলে। Antecedent এর number এবং person এর উপর ভিত্তি করে pronoun এর number এবং person নির্ধারিত ও ব্যবহৃত হয়। People  often like parties because they  get to see old friends. The weather  is great today; let's make the most of it  by going to the beach. (উপরিউক্ত ১ নং বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় clause এ they প্রথম clause এর subject 'people' এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। এবং ২ নং বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় clause এ it প্রথম clause এর subject 'the weather' এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তাই ১ নং বাক্যে they এর antecedent হলো people এবং ২ নং বাক্যে it এর antecedent হলো the weather।) Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement: Rule-01:  Antecedent, singular হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টিও singular এবং antecedent, plural হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টিও plural হবে। Ex:  Karim is responsible for his  work. Ex:  Karim and Rahim are responsible for their  work. Rule-02:  And দ্বারা যুক্ত দুইটি singular noun একই ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। কিন্তু and দ্বারা যুক্ত দুইটি singular noun একই ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে না বুঝিয়ে দুইজন ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  The principal and secretary is doing his  job. Ex:  The Principal and the secretary are doing their  job. (Note: দুইটি Singular noun দুইজন ব্যক্তি, প্রাণী বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করলে দুইটি noun এর পূর্বেই article (a, an, the) ব্যবহৃত হয়।) Rule-03:  Each of, either of, neither of, every + noun বাক্যের subject হলে এদের পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। Ex:  Each of the workers has done his  job. Ex:  Every man loves his  country. Rule-04:  Several of, both of, few of বাক্যের subject হলে এদের পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  Several of us will be attending the conference. Ex:  Both of them should do their  duty. Rule-05:  কোম্পানীর নাম, বইয়ের নাম, film এর নাম বাক্যের subject হলে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular হয়। (এগুলো দেখতে plural মনে হলেও আদতে singular)। Ex:  Romeo and Juliet has achieved its  name as a romantic play. Rule-06:  Collective noun (যেমন: club, class, committee, jury ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা single unit বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি singular এবং plural unit বোঝালে এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত pronoun টি plural হয়। Ex:  The jury is unanimous in its  decision. Ex:  The jury are divided in their  decisions. Ex:  The pronoun agrees with its antecedent in - [DU-B: 97-98] (A) The family does their best to make a living. (B) The family are doing its best to make a living. (C) The family do its best to make a living. (D) The family does its best to make a living. Ans: (D) Rule-07:  One এর possessive form হিসেবে one's ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  One should do one's  duty. Ex:  One must obey one's  parents. Ex:  One should be careful about _____ duty. [Nursing Diploma: 21-22] (A) his (B) her (C) the (D) one's Ans: (D) Rule-08:  One of + ব্যক্তিবাচক plural noun এর possessive form হিসেবে his/her ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  One of the guests received his/her  gift. Ex:  One of the students has taken his/her  bag. Rule-09:  Second, third এবং first person অথবা second এবং first person একই সাথে বাক্যের subject হলে এদের possessive form হিসেবে our ব্যবহৃত হয়। এছাড়া, সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে 231  (second person, third person and first person) ও অপরাধ বোঝালে 123  ক্রমধারা (serial) অনুসরণ করে। Ex:  You, he and I opened our  bank accounts. Ex:  You and I have prepared our  presentation. Ex:  Which one of the following sentences is correct? [DU-C: 99-00] (A) Selim, you and I shall be punished. (B) I, you and Selim shall be punished. (C) You, me and Selim shall be punished. (D) You, Selim and I shall be punished. Ans: (B)   (অপরাধ বোঝালে 123) Ex:  Which one is the correct sentence given below? [MBBS: 2017-18] (A) You, he and I went there. (B) He, you and I went there. (C) You, I and he went there. (D) You, I and he went there. Ans: (A)   (সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে 231) Rule-10:  Third এবং second person একই সাথে বাক্যের subject হলে এদের Possessive form হিসেবে your ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  Ruhi and you have completed your  study. Ex:  Rafid and you went to see your  garden. Answers With Explanation:

Important Paragraphs for SSC 2026 Paragraphs - Alphabetically ordered A Book Fair / Your Visit to a Book Fair / Bangla Academy Book Fair  ✬ ✬✬ A Day Labourer ✬✬ A Farmer / The Life of a Farmer ✬✬✬ A Good Student You Know / AN IDEAL STUDENT A Good Teacher  A LIBRARY /A School Library /A COLLEGE LIBRARY ✬✬✬ A Moonlit Night ✬✬✬ A Railway Station ✬✬ A Rainy Day / MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY ✬✬✬ A Rickshaw Puller ✬✬✬ A Road Accident / Street Accidents/ Causes and Effects of Road Accidents   ✬✬✬ A School / College Magazine ✬✬✬ A Street Beggar A Street Hawker ✬✬✬ A Tea Stall ✬✬✬ A  Village Fair  / Visiting A  Village Fair ✬✬✬ A Winter Morning ✬✬ Air Pollution ✬✬ Annual Cultural Function / Program of Your School / College Annual Sports Day of Your School /College Bangladesh : My Country / MY COUNTRY Banning of Polythene Bags  ✬ Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies / Causes of Students’ Failure in English City Life / Town Life /City Life vs. Village Life / City Life and Rural Life Climate Change / Causes and Effects of Climate Change ✬✬ Deforestation    ✬✬✬ Dengue Fever  Drug Addiction / The Curse of Drug Addiction ✬ Dowry System  ✬✬ E – Learning Early Rising /Benefits of Early Rising ✬✬✬ Environment Pollution / The Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh ✬✬✬ Food Adulteration ✬ Global Warming ✬ Globalisation /Globalization GRAMEEN BANK ✬✬ Importance of Learning English /Necessity of Learning English ✬✬✬ Independence Day / 26th March International Mother Language Day / THE SHAHEED DAY/ The 21st February Internet / Uses and Abuses of Internet ✬✬ Junk Food/ Home-cooked Food/ Bad Effects of Eating Junk Food Load Shedding ✬✬✬ MAY DAY Mobile Phone / The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone ✬✬ Natural Calamities / Natural Calamities of Bangladesh NOISE POLLUTION Our College / School Common Room Our National Flag ✬✬✬ OUR School Pahela Baishakh / Baishakhi Mela / My Visit to Baishakhi Mela PASTIMES /LEISURE POLLUTION Price-Hike / Causes of Price Hike ✬✬ PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE / THE PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF YOUR SCHOOL Rohingya Repatriation / Crisis Social Media (Networks) / Facebook / The Impact of Facebook on the Young ✬✬ Generation / The Effects of social media on Mental Health /The Impact of Facebook on Teenager Smartphones ✬ SOUND POLLUTION The Greenhouse Effect The Uses and Abuses Of Satellite Channels/ Satellite TV Channels The Victory Day / 16 December / The Last Victory Day I Celebrated Trade Fair / AN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR/ My Visit To An International Trade Fair Traffic Jam   ✬✬✬ Tree Plantation / The Usefulness of Trees ✬✬✬ Visit to A Place of Historical Interest  Visiting A Village Fair Water Pollution ✬✬✬ World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh Your Favourite TV Program / The TV Programme I Enjoy Most Extensive List Paragraph / Composition / Essay - Alphabetically ordered A Balanced Diet A Birthday Party I Enjoyed A Book Fair / Your Visit to a Book Fair / Bangla Academy Book Fair  A Bridal Party A bus Stand A College and A University A COLLEGE CANTEEN A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A Day Labourer A FAREWELL FUNCTION A Farmer /Life of a Farmer A FILM / MOVIE I HAVE RECENTLY ENJOYED / YOUR FAVOURITE MOVIE A Fisherman / FISHES AND FISHERMEN OF BANGLADESH A GOOD CITIZEN A Good Student You Know / AN IDEAL STUDENT A Good Teacher  A Hartal Day A HAWKER A HAWKER A JOUNRY BY TRAIN A JOURNEY BY BOAT / A BOAT JOURNEY YOU HAVE ENJOYED A JOURNEY BY LAUNCH A JOURNEY BY PLANE (AIR) / MY FIRST FLIGHT A LIBRARY /A School Library /A COLLEGE LIBRARY A MEMORABLE DAY IN MY LIFE / AN OCCASION I REMEMBER A Moonlit Night A Morning Walk A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A Railway Station A Rainy Day / MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY A Rickshaw Puller A Road Accident / Street Accidents/ Causes and Effects of Road Accidents   A School / College Magazine A Science Fair /A SCIENCE FAIR I HAVE VISITED A Society I Dream of A STREET BEGGAR A Street Beggar A Street Hawker A Tea Stall A Traffic Police A Village Doctor A VILLAGE MARKET A Wedding Ceremony I Enjoyed/ Attended A Winter Morning ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) A ZOO / My Visit to a Zoo A  JOURNEY  BY  BUS Accommodation Problems in Dhaka City Acid Rain Acid Violence Acid Violence​ (Paragraph / Composition / Essay on ) Adolescence Adopting unfair means in the examination Adult Literacy Afforestation AGRICULTURE IN BANGLADESH Air Pollution An Earthquake AN EXCITING CRICKET MATCH I HAVE WITNESSED AN EXCITING FOOTBALL MATCH I HAVE WITNESSE Ancient Age and Modern Age Annual Cultural Function / Program of Your School / College Annual Sports Day of Your School /College Arranging books in a library Arsenic Pollution / ARSENICOSIS Bangabandhu Satellite Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Bangladesh : My Country / MY COUNTRY Bangladeshi Culture BANNING OF POLYBAGS Banning of Polythene Bags  Basic Human Rights BIRDS OF BANGLADESH Brain Drain Campus Violence Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies / Causes of Students’ Failure in English Celebration Of 15th Birthday / My Last Birthday Party Child Labour Child Trafficking City Life / Town Life /City Life vs. Village Life / City Life and Rural Life Climate Change / Causes and Effects of Climate Change College Campus Compulsory Primary Education Computer / IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER EDUCATION ( Paragraph / Composition / Essay )    Corona Virus /COVID-19       CORPORAL PUNISHMENT / The Impact of Corporal Punishment on Students Corruption in Bangladesh and How to Remove It Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries​ Courtesy in the Perspective of Bangladesh and the Perspective of the Western World Craftwork Cricket and Football Cyber Café Cyberbullying and its causes and effects on Young Generation  Cyclone / A Natural Disaster I have Experienced DANGER OF SMOKING /BAD EFFECTS OF SMOKING/ SMOKING IS A BAD HABIT DEBATING  Deforestation    Democracy Democracy and Autocracy Dengue Fever  Diaspora    Digital Bangladesh    Dignity of Labour Discipline Dowry System  Dream Drug Addiction / The Curse of Drug Addiction DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS  DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS  E – Learning Early Marriage Early Rising /Benefits of Early Rising Eating Habits of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh EID FESTIVAL / Eid-ul-Fitr E-learning E-mail Employment of Women / Women’s Role from Past to Present in Bangladesh Empowering Women in Bangladesh / Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Entertainment in Different Parts of Bangladesh Environment Pollution / The Environmental Pollution in Bangladesh Etiquette and Manners Eve–Teasing Exam Fitness / Strategies Extracurricular Activities / The Importance of Extra-Curricular Activities / Extra-Curricular Activities in Your School Family Life and Hostel Life Female Education / The Importance of Female Education/ GIRLS’ EDUCATION FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH / Our National Festivals FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL Floods /A flood I have witnessed / Floods in Bangladesh / FLOWERS OF BANGLADESH Folk Music Food Adulteration Food Habits Prevailing in the Urban and Rural Areas FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH FRUITS OF BANGLADESH Gender Discrimination / Disparity Global Warming Globalisation /Globalization GOOD MANNERS GRAMEEN BANK HOUSING IN BANGLADESH How to Arrange a Picnic HOW TO KEEP FIT How to Open a Bank Account How to Publish a College Magazine HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE IF I WERE THE PRIME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH / IF I WERE THE HOME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH If I Win a Lottery Illiteracy Importance of Education Importance of Learning English /Necessity of Learning English (Paragraph / Composition / Essay on )  IMPORTANCE OF RADIO / THE RADIO Independence Day / 26th March INFLUENCE OF WESTERN CULTURE / The Impact of Western Culture / OPEN AIR CULTURE/ WESTERN CULTURE Information Technology International Mother Language Day / THE SHAHEED DAY/ The 21st February Internet / Uses and Abuses of Internet Junk Food/ Home-cooked Food/ Bad Effects of Eating Junk Food Life before and after Digitalization in Bangladesh Life in the Past and Life in the Present Time Life of Youths Before and After Getting Used to a Social Network How to Learn English / How to Have a Good Command in English Load Shedding MASS EDUCATION MAY DAY Metro Rail / Dhaka Metro Rail Metro Rail vs Traditional Bus Mobile Phone / The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone Modern Technology Money and Happiness Moral Values / Moral Degradation of the Young Generation Mujib Borsho MY AIM IN LIFE / My Future Plan of Life /CHOICE OF CAREER/Your Ambition in Life My Best Friend / MY INTIMATE FRIEND My Childhood / My Childhood Memories My Class Teacher MY DAILY ACTIVITIES /MY DAILY LIFE/ My Daily Routine MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT MY FAMILY My Favorite Sportsman MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD MY FAVOURITE GAME / MY FAVOURITE SPORT MY FAVOURITE HOBBY / YOUR HOBBY MY FAVOURITE PERSON /MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY /THE PERSON I ADMIRE MOST My Favourite Poet / Author My Favourite Season/ The Season I Like Most/ Seasons of Bangladesh /SPRING IN BANGLADESH /SPRING IN BANGLADESH MY FAVOURITE SPORT My Favourite Teacher / The Teacher I like Best My First Day at College My First Visit to Dhaka / A TRIP TO DHAKA MY GARDEN MY HOME My Idea About Leisure MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL MY LIKINGS AND DISLIKINGS MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN MY NEIGHBOURS/ MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR MY OWN PROFILE My Parents /OBEDIENCE TO PARENTS MY PET ANIMAL My Visit to the Shat Gombuj Mosque NATIONAL LOCAL GAME OF BANGLADESH / GAMES AND SPORTS OF BANGLADESH Natural Beauties of Bangladesh Natural Calamities / Natural Calamities of Bangladesh NEWSPAPER/ NEWSPAPER READING /READING NEWSPAPER NOISE POLLUTION Nuclear family Olympic Games Online Classes / On-campus Class and Online Class / Online vs Offline or Traditional Class / Online Education Programme Science and Religion Our College / School Common Room Our National Flag OUR School Over-Population /The Curse of Over-Population / Population Problems in Bangladesh Pahela Baishakh / Baishakhi Mela / My Visit to Baishakhi Mela PAPER PASTIMES /LEISURE Patriotism PERSEVERANCE Physical exercise POLLUTION Power of Media: Mass Media and Politics Present Life Is Better Than the Life of 30 Years Ago Preserving Good Health / HEALTH IS WEALTH Presidential Government and Parliamentary Government Price-Hike / Causes of Price Hike PRIVATE COACHING / PRIVATE TUTORSHIP Private University and Public University PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE / THE PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF YOUR SCHOOL Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh PROBLEMS OF ROADS IN BANGLADESH PUNCTUALITY Recalling School Days / School Life RECYCLING RICE Rivers of Bangladesh   ROAD COMMUNICATION IN BANGLADESH Rohingya Repatriation / Crisis Role of media School Life and College Life Self-employment Sidr Smart Bangladesh Social Media (Networks) / Facebook / The Impact of Facebook on the Young Generation / The Effects of social media on Mental Health /The Impact of Facebook on Teenager SOUND POLLUTION STREET CHILDREN Street Children / Tokai  STRIKE   STUDENTS AND SOCIAL SERVICE / Duties of Students / Student Life Superstition TEA / A POPULAR DRINK   Technical Education and General Education Television/ My Favourite Television Programme THE BLESSINGS / WONDERS OF SCIENCE / THE VALUE OF SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE/  THE TRIUMPH OF SCIENCE / The Advancement of Science in Modern Age The communication system in Bangladesh THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENT CHANGE OF THE SYLLABUS The Greenhouse Effect The Happiest Day In My Life The Historic 7th March Speech THE HOUSE I LIVE IN THE IMPORTANCE / UTILITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The Importance of Games and Sports/ The Utility (Importance) of Sports and Games / My Favourite Game / Sports / The Game I Like Most THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE ELDERLY THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY THE LIBERATION WAR THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER / GARMENT WORKERS / Garments Industries in Bangladesh THE MOST INTERESTING PERSON I HAVE EVER MET THE NATIONAL DAYS OF BANGLADESH THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL / My Visit to the National Memorial THE NIGHT BEFORE EXAMINATION The Padma Bridge / The  Importance of   the Padma Bridge  The Postman THE PROPER USE OF TIME / The Value of Time   THE RAINY SEASON   THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH   The Sangsad Bhaban THE SHAT GAMBUJ MOSQUE The Times before and after the Introduction of Internet The Uses and Abuses Of Satellite Channels/ Satellite TV Channels The Utility (Importance) of Sports and Games / THE IMPORTANCE OF GAMES AND SPORTS / My Favourite Game/Sports / The Game I Like Most The Victory Day / 16 December / The Last Victory Day I Celebrated THE WILD ANIMAL I LIKE BEST Trade Fair / AN INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAIR/ My Visit To An International Trade Fair Traffic Jam TRAVELLING / THE IMPORTANCE OF TRAVELLING   Tree Plantation / The Usefulness of Trees TRIBALS OF BANGLADESH TRUTHFULNESS Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh / Problems and Prospects of Employment Visit to A Place of Historical Interest  Visiting A Village Fair Waste Management Water Pollution WHAT I WILL DO AFTER MY SSC / HSC EXAMINATION    What You Would Do If You Got Aladdin’s Magic Lamp At Your Hand WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR COUNTRY / Role of Women World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh Your Favourite Book/ A BOOK THAT IS FAVOURITE TO ME Your Favourite TV Program / The TV Programme I Enjoy Most Your mother

Topic: Pronoun Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. That's the man _____ I spoke about the job. [DU-A: 24-25] (A) whom (B) which (C) whose (D) to whom Ans: (D)   Explanation:  কারো সাথে কথা বলা অর্থে speak to ব্যবহৃত হয়। অন্যদিকে, preposition (to) এর পরে সবসময় pronoun এর objective form (whom) ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. Recent data from the world Health Organisation (WHO) shows that COVID infections did not spare _____ [DU-Science: 23-24] (A) nobody (B) everybody (C) anybody (D) somebody Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Anything, anyone, anybody সাধারণত না-বোধক অথবা প্রশ্ন-বোধক বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 03. That's the gentleman _____ I spoke about the job. [DU-C: 22-23] (A) whom (B) to whom (C) to who (D) who Ans: (B)   Explanation:  কারো সাথে কথা বলা অর্থে speak to ব্যবহৃত হয়। অন্যদিকে, preposition (to) এর পরে সবসময় pronoun এর objective form (whom) ব্যবহৃত হয়। 04. Whose book is that? [DU, A: 20-21] (A) It's of Mita's. (B) It's Mitas. (C) It's Mita's. (D) Its Mita's. Ans: (C)   Explanation:  It's = It is. মালিকানা বোঝাতে noun এর পর apostrophe's (Mita's) বসেছে। 05. As for _____, I prefer to let people make up _____ minds. [A: 19-20] (A) myself, each other's (B) me, their own (C) my, theirs (D) mine, one another Ans: (B)   Explanation:  প্রথম শূন্যস্থানে me বসবে কারণ preposition এর পরে pronoun এর objective form বসে। দ্বিতীয় শূন্যস্থানে their own বসবে কারণ noun (এখানে minds) এর আগে possessive pronoun বসে। 06. The rising numbers of icebergs are in turn "increasing the tsunami hazards" _____ occur when they break away from a glacier and trigger a tidal wave. [A: 18-19] (A) whom (B) whose (C) which (D) who's Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Hazards (বিপদসমূহ) এর relative pronoun হিসেবে which ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 07. It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms of flu. [A: 17-18] (A) who (B) that (C) how (D) what Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Antecedent বস্তু হলে (এখানে products) সেক্ষেত্রে relative pronoun হিসেবে which/that বসে। 08. The underlined word in the sentence "Sheela works for a company that makes furniture" is: [A: 17-18] (A) a demonstrative pronoun (B) a distributive pronoun (C) a relative pronoun (D) a personal pronoun Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Who, whom, which, that ইত্যাদি শব্দ যখন দুইটি বাক্যাংশকে/clause কে সংযুক্ত করে পারস্পরিক সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে তখন তাদের relative pronoun বলে। 09. Salma could not tell _____ books were left on the table. [A: 16-17] (A) whose (B) who's (C) who (D) who is Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Whose + Noun হয় অর্থাৎ whose books were left... 10. Choose the correct sentence- [B: 16-17] (A) The announcer awarded the prize to Jamil and myself. (B) The announcer awarded the prize to Jamil and me. (C) The announcer awarded the prize to Jamil and I. (D) The announcer awarded the prize to I and Jamil. Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Preposition এর পর pronoun এর objective form বসে। আলোচ্য বাক্যে preposition 'to' এর পরে objective pronoun হিসেবে me বসবে। 11. The first half of the game belonged to us and the second half to _____ [D: 16-17] (A) them (B) they (C) their (D) those Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Preposition এর পর সর্বদা pronoun এর objective form বসে। 12. Leap years, _____ have 366 days, contain an extra day in February. [D: 15-16] (A) that (B) when (C) where (D) which Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Leap year দ্বারা impersonal কিছু বোঝানো হয়েছে বিধায় এর relative pronoun হিসেবে which বসাতে হবে। 13. Nazrul, _____ is our national poet, was also a soldier. [D: 15-16] (A) whom (B) who (C) he (D) what Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Who+verb বসে। অর্থাৎ gap এর পর সরাসরি verb থাকলে gap-এ সাধারণত who বসে। 14. The U.S. congress restored the Medal of Honor _____ name few of us have heard. [A: 14-15] (A) that was first presented in 1965 to a women (B) which (C) who (D) whose Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Who কে/যে, whom কাকে/যাকে, whose কার/যার। Whose name (যার নাম) few of us have heard (আমাদের মধ্যে খুব কম লোকই শুনেছি)। 15. Control, Sabah! Everything is fine, so don't start crying. [B: 14-15] (A) yourself (B) you (C) me (D) herself Ans: (A)   Explanation:  বাক্যের subject এবং object যদি একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে তাহলে object-এর স্থলে objective pronoun না হয়ে reflexive pronoun বসে। 16. A snake can eat and digest animals much larger than _____ [B: 13-14] (A) it (B) itself (C) its (D) it has Ans: (B)   Explanation:  বুদ্ধিহীন প্রাণীর ক্ষেত্রে singular reflexive pronoun হিসেবে itself ব্যবহৃত হয়। 17. The size and shape of a box depends primarily on the function _____ intended. [C: 11-12] (A) for which it is (B) which it is (C) which it is for (D) for which is Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Box এর আকার এবং আকৃতি নির্ভর করে বক্সটা কী কাজের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হবে তার উপর (for which it is intended)। 18. There is really no difference between you and _____ [D: 10-11] (A) I (B) we (C) them (D) me Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Preposition এর পরে সাধারণত pronoun এর objective form বসবে। Between থাকাতে বাক্যের অর্থানুসারে me বসবে। 19. I certainly esteem _____ as a steady, reasonable kind of person. [A: 08-09] (A) me (B) mine (C) my (D) myself Ans: (D)   Explanation:  নিজেকে (সম্মান করা) বোঝাতে esteem myself ব্যবহার করতে হয়। 20. It is correct to say- [D: 08-09] (A) Habib and myself stayed home. (B) Myself and Habib stayed home. (C) Habib and me stayed home. (D) Habib and I stayed home. Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Verb এর পূর্বে সাধারণত pronoun এর subjective form ব্যবহৃত হয়, বিধায় stayed verb এর আগে subjective pronoun হিসেবে I বসবে। 21. All of us - Abir, Wafi, Nibir, Aritro and _____ were present [D: 08-09] (A) me (B) mine (C) I (D) none Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Subjective case হিসেবে 'I' ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 22. It was I _____ he wanted to sing. [D: 08-09] (A) who (B) whom (C) that (D) which Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Whom + sub এর নিয়মানুযায়ী এখানে whom হবে। আমিই সেই ব্যক্তি যাকে সে গান শুনাতে চেয়েছিল। 23. Life is a succession of lessons _____ must be lived to be understood. [D: 07-08] (A) then (B) those (C) which (D) these Ans: (C)   Explanation:  এখানে দুইটি sentence কে যুক্ত করার জন্য একটি relative pronoun ব্যবহার করতে হবে। Lessons এর relative pronoun হিসেবে which ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। 24. It was us who had left before he arrived. [C: 07-08] (A) us who had left before he arrived. (B) we who had left before he arrived. (C) we who had went before he arrived. (D) us who had went before he arrived. Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Be verb এর পরে subjective pronoun বসে, এজন্য It was us না হয়ে It was we হবে। 25. It was _____ who first noticed the difference. [C: 99-00] (A) me (B) I (C) myself (D) meself Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Be verb (am/is/are/was/were) এর পর me (object) বসে না, nominative বা subjective form বসে। 26. Which one of the following sentences is correct? [C: 99-00] (A) Selim, you and I shall be punished. (B) I, you and Selim shall be punished. (C) You, me and Selim shall be punished. (D) You, Selim and I shall be punished. Ans: (B)   Explanation:  একই বাক্যে একাধিক pronoun থাকলে এবং নেতিবাচকতা/দোষ বোঝালে pronoun এর serial হবে 123 (1st person, 2nd person, 3rd person)। 27. The plural form of 'it' is _____ [DU-7-Humanities: 23-24] (A) its (B) they (C) those (D) these Ans: (B)   Explanation:  'it' এর possessive adjective 'its' হলেও এর plural subjective form সর্বদা 'they' হবে। 28. Action will be taken against _____ breaks the law. [DU-7- Business: 23-24] (A) whomsoever (B) whomever (C) whoever (D) whatever Ans: (C)   Explanation:  প্রদত্ত বাক্যে 'breaks' verb এর subject হিসেবে একটি personal pronoun দরকার যা রয়েছে অপশন C তে। JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following has not used relative pronoun? [JnU-D: 11-12] (A) I like people who smile a lot. (B) There is a programme tonight which you might like. (C) Which book do you like? (D) Those who want tickets can get them from the office. Ans: (C)   Explanation:  WH-words যখন প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের শুরুতে বসে তখন তাকে interrogative pronoun বলে। অপশন C তে Which book do you like? একটি প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য। 02. Every student in the classroom understood the lecture, _____. [JnU-C: 2010-11] (A) except I (B) except me (C) excepting I (D) excepting me Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Preposition এর পর সাধারণত pronoun এর objective form ব্যবহৃত হয়। এখানে except (ব্যতীত) preposition, তাই এর পর me বসেছে। JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Does any of you know anything about it? Here 'any' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) adjective (B) pronoun (C) adverb (D) noun Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Any শব্দটি indefinite pronoun. 02. The word 'everything' is- [JU-D: 24-25] (A) adverb (B) reflexive pronoun (C) pronoun (D) adjective Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Everything, anything, something এই শব্দগুলো Pronoun হিসেবে কাজ করে। 03. I do it myself. Here myself is- [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Demonstrative pronoun (B) Reflexive pronoun (C) Relative pronoun (D) Reciprocal pronoun Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Myself, yourself, herself এগুলো Reflexive pronoun (আত্মবাচক সর্বনাম)। 04. What is the plural form of 'It'? [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Its (B) They (C) These (D) Those Ans: (B)   Explanation:  It এর possessive form 'its' এবং এর plural form 'They'। 05. _____ do you think better? [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Whose (B) Whom (C) Who (D) It Ans: (C)   Explanation:  বাক্যটি মূলত এমন হবে- Who do you think is better? বাক্যের subject এর স্থানে বসায় শুন্যস্থানে Who হবে। 06. 'Who' and 'Which' are examples of- [JU-D: 24-25] (A) Demonstrative pronoun (B) Reflexive pronoun (C) Relative pronoun (D) Distributive pronoun Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Assertive sentence-এ Who, whom, which, what প্রভৃতি সাধারণত relative pronoun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 07. Whoever objects to me going to the convention ought to state his position promptly. [JU-C1: 23-24] (A) Whoever objects to my (B) objects to me (C) Whomever objects to me (D) Whoever has an objection to me Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Gerund (going) এর আগে possessive হবে। Me হচ্ছে objective form তাই possessive form my হবে। 08. Few men are free from faults. Here 'Few' means: [JU-C1: 23-24] (A) Hardly any (B) Not much (C) None (D) Some Ans: (A)   Explanation:  এখানে few অর্থ অতি অল্প সংখ্যক (নেই বললেই চলে)। অন্যদিকে, 'Hardly any' phrase টিও negative অর্থ প্রকাশক। 09. The book _____ you borrowed from my cousin is essential for the examination. [JU-C: 22-23] (A) that (B) who (C) whom (D) whose Ans: (A)   Explanation:  বস্তু বোঝাতে sub-ordinate clause এর clause marker হিসেবে that ব্যবহৃত হয়। 10. Which one of the following words is an example of a distributive pronoun? [JU-E: 22-23] (A) Such (B) Either (C) That (D) Any Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Each, either, neither, every প্রভৃতি distributive pronoun এর উদাহরণ। 11. She looks at the photograph _____ you have taken just now. [C: 20-21] (A) why (B) how (C) that (D) what Ans: (C)   Explanation:  এখানে 'the photograph' এর পরে সঠিক relative pronoun হিসেবে that ব্যবহৃত হবে। 12. I play violin _____ musical instrument do you play? [C: 19-20] (A) which (B) how (C) what (D) none of them Ans: (A)   Explanation:  এখানে violin (বস্তুবাচক) কে নির্দেশ করতে relative pronoun হিসেবে which বসবে। [Note: Contextually asking for a choice, so 'which' works as interrogative adjective here] 13. The students studied in a class room _____ windows were never opened. [D: 18-19] (A) that (B) which (C) where (D) whose Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Whose হলো who এর possessive adjective form অর্থাৎ এর পরে সর্বদা noun (এখানে windows) বসে। RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. We could not buy anything because _____ of the shops was open. [RU-B: 23-24] (A) none (B) all (C) no one (D) nothing Ans: (A)   Explanation:  এখানে, অর্থ অনুসারে none বসবে। সাধারণত none of + noun (plural) + verb (singular) বসে। 02. The dog wagged it's tail happily. Find the incorrect part: [RU-B: 23-24] (A) it's tail (B) wagged (C) The dog (D) happily Ans: (A)   Explanation:  'এর' বোঝাতে its বসে (possessive), it's মানে it is. সঠিক রূপ হবে its tail. 03. Identify the correct sentence: [RU-A: 23-24] (A) Me and my friend went to the park. (B) My friend and me went to the park. (C) My friend and I went to the park. (D) I and my friend went to the park. Ans: (C)   Explanation:  বাক্যের Sub. হিসেবে pronoun এর subjective form বসে। Pronoun এর সঠিক serial (ইতিবাচকতা বোঝাতে 231) অনুযায়ী My friend and I... সঠিক। 04. This isn't my book. It's _____ [RU-A: 22-23] (A) of my sister (B) my sister's (C) of my sister's (D) my sisters Ans: (B)   Explanation:  It's my sister's (book) অর্থাৎ এটা আমার বোনের বই। 05. Which sentence uses the word 'his' as a pronoun? [RU-A: 22-23] (A) His is a unique problem. (B) This is his area. (C) His problems are his, not yours. (D) a and c Ans: (D)   Explanation:  অপশন A তে His (His problem অর্থে) এবং অপশন C এর ২য় his টি (his problems অর্থে) possessive pronoun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 06. Which sentence contains an indefinite pronoun? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Someone left their umbrella on the train. (B) She saw a beautiful butterfly in the garden. (C) They visited the art museum last weekend. (D) The cat slept on the windowsill all afternoon. Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Someone, somebody, anybody, etc. indefinite pronoun. 07. 'You must trust yourself.' Which one is a reflexive pronoun? [RU, B: 20-21] (A) you (B) yourself (C) must (D) none Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Self/selves যুক্ত pronoun কে reflexive pronoun বলে। 08. Honesty is a noble virtue. The man _____ possesses this uncommon quality is the happiest man in the world. [B: 19-20] (A) who (B) whom (C) whose (D) which Ans: (A)   Explanation:  বাক্যে possesses verb এর জন্য subject দরকার, তাই who হবে। 09. The book _____ is not in the library. [B: 19-20] (A) that are needed (B) which I needed (C) I am needed (D) I need Ans: (D)   Explanation:  বাক্যটি মূলত ছিল- The book that I need is not in the library. Modern English এ clause marker that কে উহ্য রাখা যায়। 10. Both of you should do _____ duty. [B: 15-16] (A) their (B) your (C) one's (D) his Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Second person-এর possessive adjective form হলো 'your'. 11. Select the correct sentence: [B: 14-15] (A) The man was tall who came to my office. (B) The man came to my office who was tall. (C) The man who came to my office was tall. (D) My office who came was tall. Ans: (C)   Explanation:  সাধারণত relatrive pronoun ও তার পূর্ববর্তী antecedent সর্বদা পাশাপাশি বসে। 12. Which one is the relative pronoun? [B: 14-15] (A) he (B) you (C) his (D) who Ans: (D)   Explanation:  দুই বা ততোধিক বাক্যাংশকে সংযুক্তকারী pronoun-কে relative pronoun বলে। যেমন: who, which etc. CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. My classmates introduced me _____ the professor _____ we loved most. [CU-A: 22-23] (A) to/whose (B) to/whom (C) with/that (D) with/whom Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Introduce someone to someone (কারো সাথে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেওয়া). whom এখানে relative pronoun এর objective form হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 02. That is a story of hardship _____ our own situation into perspective. [D1: 19-20] (A) puts (B) it puts (C) that is puts (D) that puts Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Hardship এর relative pronoun হিসেবে that হবে এবং that এর verb-puts হবে। 03. These handkerchiefs are _____. Don't mix them up with _____. [A: 18-19] (A) my, her (B) mine, hers (C) I, she (D) me, her's Ans: (B)   Explanation:  পূর্বে উল্লিখিত noun এর পুনরাবৃত্তি রোধ করার জন্য possessive pronoun (mine ও hers) ব্যবহৃত হয়। 04. Mr. Zaman prides himself on his son's success. The underlined word is used as- [F: 13-14] (A) Reflexive pronoun (B) Reciprocal pronoun (C) Relative Pronoun (D) Personal pronoun Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Self/selves যুক্ত pronoun কে Reflexive pronoun বলা হয়। 05. They asked us, Halim and _____, whether we thought that the statistics had been presented fairly and accurately. [H1: 13-14] (A) I (B) my (C) mine (D) me Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Subject+verb এর পর object বসে। Object এর স্থলে সর্বদা pronoun এর objective form বসে। KU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. None of those books belong to me. (Which of the followings is an indefinite pronoun?) [KU-B: 16-17] (A) those (B) none (C) belong (D) me Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Some, any, none, many etc. অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝাতে বাক্যে subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. I wash myself, when I get up in the morning. (Which of the followings is an emphatic pronoun?) [KU-B: 16-17] (A) wash (B) myself (C) when (D) morning Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Reflexive pronoun (myself) এখানে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. We meet a stranger _____ stole the money. [CoU-B: 24-25] (A) who (B) which (C) whom (D) what Ans: (A)   Explanation:  শুন্যস্থানের পরে verb (stole) থাকায় শুন্যস্থানে ব্যক্তিবাচক subjective pronoun (who) বসবে। HSTU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Singular of 'our' is _____ [HSTU-B: 24-25] (A) my (B) me (C) mine (D) I Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Our অর্থ- আমাদের এবং my অর্থ- আমার। অর্থাৎ, our এর singular possessive form হলো my. GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. In current times, which sentence is more accurate? [GST-A: 22-23] (A) Everyone has the right to his opinion. (B) Everyone has the right to her opionion. (C) Everyone has the right to his or her opinion. (D) Everyone has the right to their opinion. Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Everyone এর gender-neutral possessive form হিসেবে আধুনিক ইংরেজিতে 'their' ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে। 02. "One hardly knows what to do." Here the word "one" is an example of _____ [GST-B: 20-21] (A) distributive pronoun (B) a demonstrative pronoun (C) an indefinite pronoun (D) a relative pronoun Ans: (C)   Explanation:  যেসকল pronoun অনির্দিষ্ট কোনো ব্যক্তি/বস্তুকে নির্দেশ করে তাকে Indefinite pronoun বলে। 03. Identify the correct expression: [IU-A: 18-19] (A) It's up to we students. (B) It's up to us students. (C) It's up to students us. (D) It's up to students we. Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Preposition এর পরে object pronoun বসে। 04. The child cried for _____ mother. [JKKNIU-AL: 18-19] (A) his (B) her (C) its (D) none Ans: (C)   Explanation:  এখানে 'mother' noun টির পূর্বে child এর সঠিক possessive form হিসেবে its বসবে। 05. The room was empty. There _____ there. [JKKNIU-B: 18-19] (A) wasn't nobody (B) was anybody (C) was nobody (D) was somebody Ans: (C)   Explanation:  রুমটি খালি ছিল, এর মানে সেখানে কেউ ছিল না (There was nobody there). 06. The horse _____ was hit by the car was only slightly hurt. [JKKNIU-B: 18-19] (A) what (B) which (C) who (D) whom Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Horse প্রাণিবাচক শব্দ হওয়ায় এর Relative pronoun হিসেবে Which বসবে। 07. Do you know anyone _____ could help me fix my computer? [JKKNIU-B: 18-19] (A) where (B) which (C) who (D) whose Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Anyone (antecedent) ব্যক্তিবাচক হওয়ায় এর relative pronoun হিসেবে who বসবে। 08. I had two eggs for breakfast but _____ of them was fresh. [JUST-B: 14-15] (A) either (B) neither (C) each (D) both Ans: (B)   Explanation:  দুইয়ের/দুইটির মধ্যে কোনোটিই নয় এরূপ বোঝাতে neither of + plural noun + singular verb হয়। 09. _____ children need most is affection. [BU-C: 13-14] (A) That (B) Why (C) When (D) What Ans: (D)   Explanation:  What children need most is affection. MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The word 'anybody' is an example of- [MBBS: 24-25] (A) distributive pronoun (B) relative pronoun (C) reciprocal pronoun (D) indefinite pronoun Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Indefinite Pronoun Examples: Some, all, none, any, anybody, etc. 02. Few men are free from faults. Here 'few' means: [MBBS: 23-24] (A) none (B) hardly any (C) some (D) not much Ans: (B)   Explanation:  এখানে few শব্দটির অর্থ খুবই সামান্য। অথবা, 'hardly any' এর সমার্থক। 03. Which one of the following is a demonstrative pronoun? [BDS: 23-24] (A) yourself (B) he (C) who (D) those Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Demonstrative pronoun: this, that, these, those, such ইত্যাদি। 04. What kind of pronoun are "who, what and which"? [MBBS: 22-23] (A) demonstrative (B) relative (C) personal (D) reflexive Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Who, whom, that, what, which ইত্যাদি relative pronoun. 05. "There is no mother but loves her child". Here 'but' is: [MBBS: 22-23] (A) conjunction (B) adverb (C) negative relative (D) preposition Ans: (C)   Explanation:  'But' এখানে negative relative হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে অর্থাৎ, but এর স্থলে who does not ব্যবহার করা যেত। 06. I wish we did not have to use _____ car for the trip to your reunion. [BDS: 21-22] (A) ourselves (B) our (C) we (D) us Ans: (B)   Explanation:  প্রদত্ত বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে pronoun এর possessive form বসবে। আমাদের গাড়ি = our car. 07. Which of the following is a correct example of demonstrative pronoun? [BDS: 21-22] (A) This is my coat. (B) This dress belongs to me. (C) These shirts have been ironed properly. (D) Did you see that crazy driver? Ans: (A)   Explanation:  This is my coat- এ This demonstrative pronoun. বাকিগুলোতে (This dress, These shirts, That crazy driver) demonstrative adjective হিসেবে বসেছে। 08. Choose the sentence without a personal pronoun. [BDS: 21-22] (A) We have to leave, so give our seats to them. (B) She told us that we were late for the party. (C) I said that she told him to leave us alone. (D) There was a river in the distance. Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Personal pronoun: I, me, we, us, you, he, she, it, they etc. D তে এগুলো নেই। 09. One should be careful about _____ duty. [Nursing Diploma: 21-22] (A) his (B) her (C) the (D) one's Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Noun (duty) এর পূর্বে one এর সঠিক possessive adjective form হিসেবে one's হবে। 10. Which one is the correct sentence given below? [MBBS: 2017-18] (A) You, he and I went there. (B) You, I and he went there. (C) He, you and I went there. (D) You, I and he went there. Ans: (A)   Explanation:  সাধারণ ক্ষেত্রে তিনটি pronoun একসাথে ব্যবহারের নিয়ম 231 (2nd person + third person + first person)। 11. What kind of pronoun is 'many'? [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) Indefinite (B) Distributive (C) Demonstrative (D) Relative Ans: (A)   Explanation:  অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বোঝাতে indefinite pronoun (যেমন: many, few, some) ইত্যাদি বসে। 12. _____ among you are from class VIII? Fill in the blank. [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) Whom (B) Who (C) Whose (D) Which Ans: (B)   Explanation:  কে বা কারা অর্থ প্রদান করতে বাক্যের শুরুতে Who বসে। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. She insisted on _____ leaving the house. [45th BCS] (A) he (B) him (C) his (D) himself Ans: (C)   Explanation:  'Leaving' শব্দটি noun (gerund) এর কাজ করছে। Noun এর পূর্বে possessive form বসে। 02. 'Who's that?' In this sentence 'that' is a/an- [41st BCS] (A) pronoun (B) conjunction (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (A)   Explanation:  'that' এখানে object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে pronoun রূপে। 03. Which one of the following words is an example of a distributive pronoun? [38th BCS] (A) such (B) either (C) that (D) any Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Distributive pronoun হলো either, neither, each প্রভৃতি। 04. _____ amazing song haunted me for a long time. [35th BCS] (A) These (B) Those (C) Thus (D) That Ans: (D)   Explanation:  যেহেতু এখানে song singular, সেহেতু that হবে। 05. Each of the sons followed _____ father's trade. [33rd BCS] (A) their (B) her (C) whose (D) his Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Each of + plural noun/ pronoun হলে verb এবং পরবর্তী pronoun singular হবে। 06. After food has been dried or canned, _____ for later consumption. [32nd BCS] (A) it should be stored (B) that it should be stored (C) should be stored (D) which should be stored Ans: (A)   Explanation:  বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে Subject হিসেবে food (খাদ্য)। বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশের শুরুতে food এর pronoun it হবে। 07. I have read the book _____ you lent me. [24th BCS] (A) that (B) whom (C) whose (D) what Ans: (A)   Explanation:  'book' কে signify করতে একটি relative pronoun (that) বসবে। 08. Which of the following sentence is correct? [16th BCS] (A) That shirt which he bought is blue in colour. (B) The shirt that which he bought is blue is colour. (C) Which shirt he bought is blue in colour. (D) The shirt which he bought is blue in colour. Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Relative pronoun সর্বদাই antecedent এর পরে বসে। 09. Choose the correct sentence. [10th BCS] (A) The man that said that was a fool. (B) The man said that was a fool. (C) The man who said that was a fool. (D) The man which said that was a fool. Ans: (C)   Explanation:  'Who' একটি relative pronoun. 'The man' এখানে who এর antecedent. 10. All that glitters is not gold. Here the word 'All' is a/an- [বিটিভি, উপ-সহ, প্রকৌ., '২৩] (A) noun (B) pronoun (C) adverb (D) adjective Ans: (B)   Explanation:  এখানে all শব্দটি subject তথা pronoun এর কাজ করেছে। 11. The word 'each' is an example of- [বিটিভি, উপ-সহ, প্রকৌ., '২৩] (A) personal pronoun (B) indefinite pronoun (C) demonstrative pronoun (D) distributive pronoun Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Each, either and neither are distributive pronouns. 12. One should take care of _____ health. [পরি, পরি, অধি, সিনি, স্টাফ নার্স, '২৩] (A) his (B) one's (C) once (D) everybody's Ans: (B)   Explanation:  One বাক্যের subject হলে তার পরে possessive form হিসেবে one's ব্যবহৃত হয়। Part 4: SELF TEST SELF TEST-1 01. Choose the correct sentence. (A) A few of the three boys got a prize. (B) Each of the three boys got a prize. (C) Every of the three boys got a prize. (D) All of the three boys got a prize. Ans: (B) 02. The writer expressed his indebtedness to the people _____ the book could not have been written. (A) with whom (B) with who (C) without who (D) without whom Ans: (D) 03. "None but Allah can help us." What kind of pronoun 'none' is? (A) Reflexive (B) Reciprocal (C) Indefinite (D) Demonstrative Ans: (C) 04. _____ do you think is better? Use the proper word. (A) Whom (B) Whose (C) Who (D) Which Ans: (D) 05. The children, studied in a class room _____ windows were never opened. (A) that (B) which (C) where (D) whose Ans: (D) 06. What is the plural form of 'It'? (A) Its (B) They (C) These (D) Those Ans: (B) 07. He killed himself. The underlined word is (A) A reflexive pronoun (B) A relative pronoun (C) A demonstrative (D) A personal pronoun Ans: (A) 08. Is that my key, or is it _____? (A) the yours (B) the your's (C) your (D) yours Ans: (D) 09. For _____ did the board of directors vote? (A) who (B) whom (C) whoever (D) whichever Ans: (B) 10. A bookshop that sells used textbooks should _____ along the new ones on the shelf under the course title so that students can locate them easily. (A) usually stocks (B) he (C) his (D) him Ans: (D)   (Contextually ambiguous in text, likely a typo in question or options. Assuming a pronoun replacement for books is needed, but 'him' fits people. Given options, 'them' would be logical for textbooks. However, based on provided options: 'A bookshop... should stock THEM'. Option D is 'him'. Let's check Answer Key.)   Answer Key for Q10 is D .  (Note: This seems incorrect in standard English if referring to books, but adheres to source key.) 11. It is you who _____ to blame. (A) am (B) is (C) was (D) are Ans: (D) 12. The mobile set _____ I bought yesterday is out of order now. (A) that (B) whom (C) what (D) whose Ans: (A) 13. The registered parcel _____ arrived for you is on the table. (A) who (B) whom (C) which (D) when Ans: (C) 14. The woman asked me where the hotel was, so I told _____ how to get there. (A) them (B) she (C) her (D) it Ans: (C) 15. It was _____ who first raised the issue in the meeting. (A) you (B) I (C) me (D) myself Ans: (B) SELF TEST-2 01. What is the objective form of the word 'Who'? (A) What (B) Which (C) Whom (D) Whose Ans: (C) 02. They'll hurt _____ if we don't stop them fighting. (A) one to another (B) each the other (C) one the other (D) each other Ans: (D) 03. There are thirty people in the room. Twenty are from Asia, and _____ are from _____ countries. (A) others, other's (B) the others, the other (C) the others, other (D) the others, the others' Ans: (C) 04. "One hardly knows what to do." Here the word "one" is an example of _____. (A) distributive pronoun (B) an indefinite pronoun (C) a demonstrative pronoun (D) a relative pronoun Ans: (B) 05. I'm going to a wedding on Saturday; _____ is getting married. (A) A friend of me (B) A friend of mine (C) One of my friend (D) My friends Ans: (B) 06. Some of the boys _____ didn't come. (A) I invited (B) whom I invited them (C) whose I invited (D) I invited them Ans: (A) 07. Tell me _____ that. (A) whom told you (B) who told you (C) that told you (D) told you Ans: (B) 08. Nobody likes her; she talks about _____ all the time. (A) her (B) hers (C) herself (D) self Ans: (C) 09. He has _____ friends in Chicago. (A) few (B) few of (C) a lot (D) much Ans: (A) 10. Everybody hates a liar. Identify the correct parts of speech of the underlined word. (A) Noun (B) Pronoun (C) Adjective (D) Adverb Ans: (B) 11. Which word is a reflexive pronoun? (A) he (B) his (C) him (D) himself Ans: (D) 12. Whom did you meet yesterday? The word 'whom' is a/an _____ pronoun? (A) Relative (B) Interrogative (C) Demonstrative (D) None Ans: (B) 13. We could not buy anything because _____ of the shops was open. (A) no one (B) none (C) nothing (D) all Ans: (B) 14. Some are born genius. Here 'some' is- (A) noun (B) pronoun (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (B) 15. We insist on _____ leaving the room. (A) to you (B) your (C) yours (D) you Ans: (B)

NUMBER Number  অর্থ বচন বা সংখ্যার ধারণা। Number এর উৎপত্তি French word nombre  ও Latin word numerus  থেকে। Number দুই প্রকার: (i) Singular Number ও (ii) Plural Number. 01. Singular Number (এক বচন):  যে noun কেবল একজন ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা প্রাণীকে বোঝায় তাকে singular number বলে। Ex:  Book, brother, pen etc. 02. Plural Number (বহুবচন):  যে noun একের অধিক ব্যক্তি, বস্তু বা প্রাণীকে বোঝায় তাকে plural number বলে। Ex:  Boys, men, pens etc. Important Rules with Previous Questions Singular Number কে Plural Number এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম Rule-01:  সাধারণভাবে, Singular Noun এর শেষে 's' যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Cow Cows Hand Hands Eye Eyes House Houses Tiger Tigers Desk Desks Rule-02:  Singular noun এর শেষে s, ss, sh, ch বা x থাকলে এবং শেষের 'ch' এর উচ্চারণ (চ) এর মতো হলে ঐ সব noun এর শেষে 'es' যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Bus Buses Box Boxes Bush (ঝোপ) Bushes Class Classes Branch (শাখা) Branches Watch Watches Brush Brushes Inch Inches Match Matches Note:  Singular noun এর শেষের 'ch' এর উচ্চারণ (চ) এর মতো না হয়ে (ক) এর মতো হলে 'es' যোগ না হয়ে শুধু 's' যোগ হয়ে plural হবে। Singular Plural Singular Plural Stomach Stomachs Monarch (সম্রাট) Monarchs Patriarch (গৃহপতি) Patriarchs Matriarch (পরিবারের কর্তী) Matriarchs Rule-03:  Singular noun এর শেষ বর্ণটি 'o' হলে এবং তার পূর্বের বর্ণটি consonant হলে ঐ noun এর শেষে সাধারণত 'es' যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Mango Mangoes Negro Negroes Hero Heroes Potato Potatoes Cargo Cargoes Tomato Tomatoes Buffalo Buffaloes Volcano Volcanoes Manifesto Manifestoes Note:  কিছু কিছু noun এর শেষে 'o' এবং 'o' এর পূর্বে consonant থাকা সত্ত্বেও সেগুলোর শেষে 's' যোগ করে plural হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Photo Photos Piano Pianos Memo Memos Solo Solos Canto Cantos Cello Cellos Note:  Singular Noun এর শেষে 'o' এবং 'o' এর পূর্বে vowel থাকলে শুধু 's' যোগ করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Radio Radios Bamboo Bamboos Cuckoo Cuckoos Studio Studios Stereo Stereos Video Videos Rule-04:  Singular Noun এর শেষের বর্ণ y এবং y এর পূর্বে consonant থাকলে 'y' এর পরিবর্তে 'ies' যুক্ত করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural City Cities Body Bodies Baby Babies Hobby Hobbies Army Armies Lady Ladies Note:  কিন্তু y এর পূর্বে vowel হলে সেক্ষেত্রে singular noun এর শেষে শুধু 's' যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Key Keys Boy Boys Donkey Donkeys Toy Toys Monkey Monkeys Day Days Rule-05:  Singular noun এর শেষে f, fe, ef যুক্ত থাকলে সাধারণত f, fe, ef উঠিয়ে 'ves' বসিয়ে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Calf Calves Life Lives Leaf Leaves Knife Knives Wife Wives Loaf Loaves Thief Thieves Self Selves Note:  শেষে ief, oof, ff, eef, ife, fe রয়েছে এ ধরনের বিশেষ কয়েকটি শব্দের শেষে শুধু 's' যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Roof Roofs Cliff Cliffs Hoof Hoofs Reef Reefs Safe Safes Belief Beliefs Dwarf Dwarfs Chief Chiefs Rule-06:  কিছু Noun এর মাঝের এক বা একাধিক vowel বা consonant পরিবর্তন করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Man Men Foot Feet Woman Women Tooth Teeth Mouse Mice Goose Geese Louse Lice Person People Ex:  What is the plural form of the 'louse'? [38 BCS] (A) Louses (B) Lice (C) Lices (D) Licess Ans:  (B) Rule-07:  কতিপয় noun বা word এর শেষে en বা ren যোগ করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Ox Oxen Brother Brethren/Brothers Child Children Ex:  The plural form of 'ox' is- [RU A: 17-18] (A) oxes (B) oxen (C) ox (D) oxygen Ans:  (B) Rule-08:  সাধারণত, Compound noun গুলোর মূল noun টির শেষে 's' যোগ করে অথবা মধ্যের vowel পরিবর্তন করে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law Book-shelf Book-shelves Son-in-law Sons-in-law Major-general Major-generals Washer-man Washer-men Step-son Step-sons Passer-by Passers-by Maid-servant Maid-servants Note:  Hyphen (-) ব্যতীত compound noun গুলোকে 's' যোগে plural করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Armchair Armchairs Bookcase Bookcases Spoonful Spoonfuls Handful Handfuls Ex:  The plural form of 'step-mother' is- [IU-B: 13-14] (A) step-mothers (B) steps-mother (C) steps-mothers (D) none above Ans:  (A) Number of Some Important Foreign Nouns Rule-01:  Singular Number এর শেষে um থাকলে Plural করার সময় 'um' এর পরিবর্তে সাধারণত 'a' বসে। Singular Plural Singular Plural Agendum Agenda Bacterium Bacteria Datum Data Erratum Errata Gymnasium Gymnasia Medium Media Memorandum Memoranda Ovum Ova Optimum Optima Referendum Referenda Symposium Symposia Ex:  What is the singular form of 'Data'? [JU-E: 22-23] (A) Dative (B) Datuc (C) Datum (D) Datas Ans:  (C) Rule-02:  Singular Number এর শেষে us থাকলে Plural করার সময় 'us' এর পরিবর্তে সাধারণত 'i' বসে। Singular Plural Singular Plural Cactus Cacti Locus Loci Focus Foci Octopus Octopi/Octopuses Radius Radii Terminus Termini Ex:  What is the plural form of the word 'radius'? [A: 21-22] (A) radio (B) raduim (C) radial (D) radii Ans:  (D) Rule-03:  Singular Number এর শেষে is থাকলে Plural করার সময় সাধারণত 'is' এর স্থলে 'es' বসে। Singular Plural Singular Plural Thesis Theses Parenthesis Parentheses Basis Bases Neurosis Neuroses Analysis Analyses Hypothesis Hypotheses Axis Axes Oasis Oases Synopsis Synopses Ex:  The plural form of "oasis" is- [RU-A: 13-14] (A) oases (B) oaseses (C) oasis (D) oasises Ans:  (A) Ex:  Which one is singular? [CKRUET: 22-23] (A) agenda (B) hypothesis (C) media (D) syllabi Ans:  (B) Rule-04:  Singular number এর শেষে 'on' থাকলে plural করার সময় এদের পরিবর্তে সাধারণত 'a' যোগ করতে হয়। Singular Plural Singular Plural Phenomenon Phenomena Criterion Criteria Ex:  Which one of the followings is singular number? [পোস্টমাস্টার জে. কা. উচ্চ. সহকারী, ২২] (A) phenomenon (B) lice (C) crises (D) mice Ans:  (A) Rule-05:  কিছু Latin শব্দের দুইটি করে plural form থাকে। Singular Plural Singular Plural Formula Formulae/Formulas Cactus Cactuses/Cacti Bureau Bureaus/Bureaux Appendix Appendices/Appendixes Plateau Plateaux/Plateaus Index Indices/Indexes Forum Fora/Forums Vertex Vertices/Vertexes Adieu Adieux/Adieus Matrix Matrixes/Matrices Cherub Cherubim/Cherubs Seraph Seraphim/Seraphs Bandit Banditti/Bandits Vertebra Vertebrae/vertebrata Ultimatum Ultimata/Ultimatums Tempo Tempi/Tempos Aquarium Aquaria/Aquariums Syllabus Syllabi/Syllabuses Alumnus Alumni/Alumnae Fungus Funguses/Fungi Some Exceptional Rules of Number কিছু কিছু noun এর ভিন্নার্থক দুইটি plural হয়: (i) Brother Brothers  - sons of same parents Brethren  - members of the same group/society (ii) Fish Fish  - Multiple fish of the same species Fishes  - Multiple species of fish (iii) Cloth Cloths  - pieces of fabric Clothes  - garments/items worn on the body (iv) Genius Geniuses  - men of talent. Genii  - spirits. Ex:  Which of the following word is the plural form of brother? [JnU-E: 17-18] (A) gaudy (B) brethren (C) buddy (D) brother Ans:  (B) কিছু noun (সাধারণ অর্থে) সর্বদা singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: Fruit, fish, brick, alphabet, furniture, information, poetry, scenery, issue ইত্যাদি। Ex:  Choose the word which never has a plural form? [CGA, অফিস সহকারী'২২] (A) mouse (B) intension (C) women (D) information Ans:  (D) Note: অবশ্য বিশেষ কিছু ক্ষেত্রে plural হয়। Ex: He ate both fruits.(i) দুই এর অধিক alphabet বোঝাতে plural form 'alphabets' ব্যবহৃত হয়।(ii) যখন issue কোনো কিছুর 'result' বোঝায় তখন plural form, issues হয়। দেশের নাম, বইয়ের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয়। Ex:  The United states of America is a rich country. Ex:  Great Expectations is a famous novel. Word শব্দটি প্রতিজ্ঞা অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হলে plural হয় না। Ex:  She has kept her word. Alms (ভিক্ষা), thanks, complements, regards, principles, scissors, trousers, arms, customs, manners, minutes, pains, parts, circumstances, premises, quarters, spectacles, belongings, savings, earnings, surroundings, vegetables ইত্যাদি সব সময় plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex:  His belongings have been stolen. কিছু শব্দের singular form ও plural form একই।  অর্থাৎ plural-এ এদের সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না। যেমন: Sheep, deer, salmon etc. Ex:  What is the plural form of 'sheep'? [44th BCS] (A) sheeps (B) sheep (C) sheepes (D) sheepses Ans:  (B) Ex:  Which of the following does not change in plural form? [RU-B: 21-22] (A) Lobster (B) Crab (C) Deer (D) Shark Ans:  (C) One-fourth, one-third ইত্যাদি একাংশ (ভগ্নাংশ যার লব ১) ব্যতীত অন্য সকল ভগ্নাংশের ক্ষেত্রে হর plural হয়। Ex:  I have read two thirds of the book. NUMBER Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Find the word which is in plural form- [DU-B: 21-22] (A) Curriculum (B) Alumnus (C) Nucleus (D) Syllabi Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Syllabus এর plural হলো syllabi. এভাবে, Curriculum - curricula; Alumnus - alumni. 02. The plural form of 'Basis' is- [DU: (D) 94-95] (A) basies (B) bases (C) basiss (D) basies Ans: (B)   Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে '-is' থাকলে তার plural-এ '-es' বসে। যেমন: crisis-crises, basis-bases etc. JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The plural form of 'phenomenon' is- [JnU-E: 24-25, GST-A: 22-23] (A) phenomenons (B) phenomenoes (C) phenomena (D) phenomenas Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Phenomenon এর Plural form হবে phenomena. এভাবে criterion - criteria, agendum - agenda. 02. The plural form of 'half'- [JnU-E: 24-25] (A) halfs (B) halfes (C) halve (D) halves Ans: (D)   Explanation:  সাধারণত, Singular Noun এর শেষে f, fe, ef ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা উঠিয়ে দিয়ে 'ves' যুক্ত করে Plural করতে হয়। যেমন: half - halves, knife - knives etc. 03. Which of the following is a singular noun? [JnU-A: 16-17] (A) Premium (B) Phenomena (C) Syllabi (D) Media Ans: (A)   Explanation:  ইংরেজি কোনো শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে সাধারণত তা singular noun হয়। যেমন datum, agendum etc. 04. Only ----- can be affected by the grammatical category known as number. [JnU-D: 16-17] (A) conjunction (B) adverbs (C) nouns (D) adjectives Ans: (C)   Explanation:  বচন বা সংখ্যার ধারণাটি শুধু বিশেষ্য তথা noun এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত। 05. The feminine gender of the word 'horse' is- [JnU-B: 13-14] (A) mare (B) vixen (C) drone (D) ewe Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Horse অর্থ ঘোড়া, এর স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ mare (ঘোটকী)। এভাবে fox - vixen, drone - bee, ram - ewe. JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which one of the following is masculine? [JU-A: 22-23] (A) jewess (B) roe (C) monk (D) B and C Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Monk (সন্ন্যাসী) হলো masculine gender যার feminine হলো nun; অন্যদিকে, roe এবং Jewess হলো feminine যার masculine হলো যথাক্রমে Hart এবং Jew. 02. What is the singular form of 'Data'? [JU-E: 22-23] (A) Datas (B) Datuc (C) Datum (D) Dative Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Data শব্দের singular form হলো Datum. যার অর্থ- একটি তথ্য বা উপাত্ত। 03. Which word is plural in form? [JU-E: 22-23, RU-C: 24-25] (A) Phenomenon (B) Basis (C) Medium (D) Media Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Medium হচ্ছে singular, এর plural হচ্ছে media. এভাবে, Phenomenon - phenomena, Basis - bases. 04. What is the masculine gender of "mare"? [B: 21-22] (A) Dog (B) Mermaid (C) Stallion (D) Bear Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Mare (ঘোটকী) এর masculine হবে stallion (ঘোড়া)। সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর অপশন C. 05. What is the singular form of 'Agenda'? [B: 18-19] (A) Agendae (B) Agendum (C) Agendem (D) Agendiom Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Agenda (আলোচ্যসূচি) এর singular form হলো agendum. 06. What is the plural form of 'Appendix'? [B: 18-19, RU-D: 13-14] (A) Appendixe (B) Appendixs (C) Appendics (D) Appendices Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Appendix (পরিশিষ্ট/উপাঙ্গ) এর plural form হলো appendices/appendixes. RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The plural form of 'thesis' is- [RU-A: 24-25, JU(B): 18-19] (A) theses (B) thesies (C) theises (D) thesis Ans: (A)   Explanation:  সাধারণত -sis দ্বারা শেষ হওয়া শব্দের -sis এর পরিবর্তে -ses বসালে সেটি plural হয়ে যায়। যেমন: thesis - theses, crisis - crises etc. 02. Which one is always used as singular? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Horse (B) Bread (C) Staff (D) Custom Ans: (B)   Explanation:  কিছু noun সর্বদাই singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: Bread, advice, information ইত্যাদি। 03. The feminine gender of 'Drone' is? [RU-B: 22-23, CU-B: 24-25] (A) Bee (B) Ewe (C) Goose (D) Hind Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Drone অর্থ পুরুষ মৌমাছি। এর স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ bee. এছাড়া, hind - নারী হরিণ, ewe - ভেড়ী, Goose - রাজহংসী। 04. Which one is in feminine gender form? [A: 21-22, HSTU (A): 24-25] (A) nun (B) boar (C) drone (D) emperor Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Nun (n) এর অর্থ হচ্ছে সন্ন্যাসিনী, এটি feminine gender; এর masculine gender হচ্ছে monk। 05. What is the plural of 'spectrum'? [A: 21-22] (A) spectra (B) spectrums (C) spectral (D) spectres Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Spectrum (n) এর plural form spectra/spectrums (কোনো কিছুর ব্যাপ্তি/সীমা)। 06. What is the plural form of the word 'radius'? [A: 21-22] (A) radio (B) raduim (C) radial (D) radii Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Radius (ব্যাসার্ধ) শব্দটি singular number; এর plural form হলো radii. 07. What is the masculine gender of 'duck'? [A: 21-22] (A) cock (B) colt (C) drake (D) drone Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Duck (feminine) অর্থ- পাতিহাঁস। এর masculine gender হবে drake (পুরুষ পাতিহাঁস)। 08. Whice one is the singular of 'leaves'? [A: 21-22] (A) leav (B) leaf (C) leave (D) leafe Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Singular শব্দের শেষে যদি 'f' থাকে সেটাকে plural করার সময় 'f' এর পরিবর্তে 'ves' হয়। যেমন: leaf - leaves; shelf - shelves; loaf - loaves ইত্যাদি। 09. What one is the plural of the word 'syllabus'? [A: 21-22] (A) syllabub (B) syllabi (C) syllabuses (D) B & C Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Syllabus (পাঠ্যসূচি) এর plural form হবে syllabi or syllabuses. 10. Which one of the following is a common gender? [A: 21-22] (A) bachelor (B) cousin (C) mermaid (D) governess Ans: (B)   Explanation:  যেসব শব্দ দ্বারা male ও female উভয় সত্তাকেই বোঝানো হয় তাদেরকে common gender বলে। যেমন: doctor, cousin, student ইত্যাদি। 11. Singular of 'Auspices' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Auspice (B) Auspicus (C) Auspicis (D) None Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Auspices (আনুকূল্য) এর singular form হলো Auspice. 12. Feminine gender of 'Stag' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Staggess (B) Ewe (C) Hind (D) Mare Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Stag-এর অর্থ male deer অর্থাৎ, পুরুষ হরিণ; এর feminine form-hind. 13. Feminine gender of 'Tailor' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Female tailor (B) Tailoress (C) She-tailor (D) Seamstress Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Tailor-এর feminine gender - Seamstress (মেয়ে-দরজি) অর্থাৎ, a needle woman. 14. Which of the following does not change in plural form? [B: 21-22] (A) duck (B) Crab (C) Deer (D) Lobster Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Deer- (হরিণ) এর Singular ও Plural form একই। অন্য তিনটি শব্দ 's' যোগে plural হয়। 15. A gander is a male ---- [A: 20-21] (A) goose (B) horse (C) ships (D) rhinoceros Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Gander অর্থ কলহংস (a male goose). 16. The plural form of the word 'sheep' is- [C: 20-21] (A) sheeps (B) sheep (C) sheepes (D) ship Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Sheep, deer, salmon, gross ইত্যাদি noun গুলোর singular ও plural form একই। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. One of the common ----- that girls are pursuing their higher studies now. [CU, A: 20-21] (A) phenomenon is (B) phenomena is (C) phenomena are (D) phenomenons are Ans: (A)   Explanation:  One of the + plural noun + singular verb. উল্লেখ্য, phenomenon-এর plural form 'phenomena'. তবে বাক্যের গঠনে One of the common phenomena (plural noun)... is (singular verb) হওয়া উচিত ছিল। প্রশ্নের অপশনে সঠিক বিন্যাস নেই। কিন্তু অপশন A তে singular noun 'phenomenon' ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা ভুল। সঠিক উত্তর হবে 'phenomena is' যদি 'One of' থাকে। [Note: Based on standard grammar: 'One of the common phenomena is...'. Option A has 'phenomenon is' (Wrong noun), Option B 'phenomena is' (Correct noun, correct verb). The snippet shows Ans A, but standard English suggests B. However, sometimes 'phenomenon' is treated as singular. The explanation says "phenomenon-এর plural form 'phenomena'" and marks A. This might be a typo in the book's key. Standard answer should involve plural noun + singular verb.] 02. Identify the word in singular form: [A: 13-14] (A) Criteria (B) Stadium (C) Agenda (D) Indexes Ans: (B)   Explanation:  ইংরেজি কোনো শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে সাধারণত তা singular noun হয় এবং plural-এ um পরিবর্তিত হয়ে a হয়। যেমন: stadium থেকে stadia. Agendum থেকে agenda. 03. What is the masculine gender of 'bee'? [F: 13-14] (A) drone (B) drake (C) ant (D) stag Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Bee অর্থ- স্ত্রী মৌমাছি, এর পুরুষবাচক শব্দ drone. এছাড়া, drake - পাতিহাঁস (পুং) এবং stag - হরিণ (পুং)। CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following is feminine gender? [CoU-B: 15-16] (A) Drone (B) Sow (C) Fox (D) Hart Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Sow অর্থ স্ত্রী শূকর। এছাড়া, Hart - পুংহরিণ - যার feminine হবে hind. 02. The plural of 'referendum' is----. [CoU-C1: 15-16] (A) referendums (B) referenda (C) referanda (D) referendies Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Um যুক্ত শব্দের plural-এ um এর পরিবর্তে a বসে। যেমন: referendum - referenda, datum - data etc. GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following words is in singular form? [GST-B: 24-25] (A) data (B) radii (C) alumnae (D) appendix Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Singular - Plural: datum - data; radius - radii; alumna - alumnae; appendix - appendices. 02. What is the plural form of the word 'alumna'? [GST-B: 23-24; CoU-B: 18-19] (A) alumni (B) alumnus (C) alumnae (D) alumnas Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Alumnus (singular male) - alumni (plural); alumna (singular female) - alumnae (plural). 03. Which of the following is a plural noun? [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Mathematics (B) Crisis (C) Criteria (D) Molasses Ans: (C)   Explanation:  অপশনের মধ্যে Criteria (মানদণ্ডসমূহ) plural noun যার singular রূপ হলো criterion. 04. Choose the singular word. [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) Foci (B) Syllabi (C) Media (D) Hypothesis Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Hypothesis শব্দটি singular যার plural form হবে hypotheses. অন্য তিনটি plural শব্দের singular হবে যথাক্রমে focus, syllabus এবং medium. 05. The plural form of 'Cactus' is- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Cactusse (B) Cacti (C) Cactu (D) Cacty Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Cactus এর অর্থ ফণীমনসা (এক ধরনের কাঁটাযুক্ত উদ্ভিদ) এর plural form হলো cacti/cactuses. 06. The plural of 'goose' is- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) gooses (B) goosed (C) geese (D) geeses Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Goose (রাজহংস) এর plural form হলো geese. 07. Plural number of 'fungus' is- [IU-B: 19-20] (A) fungose (B) fungii (C) fungi (D) funguis Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Fungus অর্থ ছত্রাক। এর plural form হলো fungi. 08. Which one does denote a feminine gender? [IU-B: 19-20] (A) rooster (B) e (C) dog (D) doe Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Doe অর্থ স্ত্রীজাতীয় হরিণ। অন্যদিকে, rooster - পোষা মোরগ; gander (masculine) - রাজহাঁস। [Note: Option B 'e' seems to be a typo in source, likely meant 'ewe' or similar, but 'doe' is definitely feminine]. 09. The feminine gender of "tiger" is ---- [IU-C: 18-19] (A) tigress (B) tigren (C) tigeri (D) tigorian Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Tiger অর্থ বাঘ। এর স্ত্রী জাতীয় শব্দ tigress যার অর্থ-বাঘিনী। 10. Which one is singular? [JKKNIU-C: 18-19] (A) Public (B) Crowd (C) Knife (D) Mice Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Knife অর্থ ছুরি, এর plural form knives. অন্যদিকে, Mice এর singular form mouse. Public এবং Crowd collective noun যা singular/plural উভয় হতে পারে, কিন্তু Knife নিশ্চিতভাবে singular form এ আছে। 11. Which of the following has no plural form? [JKKNIU-AL: 18-19] (A) analysis (B) crisis (C) soup (D) gander Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Soup (স্যুপ) একটি uncountable noun. uncountable noun কখনও plural হয় না। 12. Which of the following word is the plural form of brother? [JnU-E: 17-18] (A) gaudy (B) brethren (C) buddy (D) brother Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Brother (ভাই) এর plural form হলো brethren (সমাজে ভাই ভাই সম্পর্ক)। এর অন্য plural form brothers (সহদর ভাই). 13. The plural form of 'ox' is- [A: 17-18] (A) oxes (B) oxen (C) oxygen (D) ox Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Ox অর্থ ষাঁড়, এর plural form হলো oxen. 14. Which of the following is a masculine gender? [A: 17-18] (A) hen (B) duck (C) deer (D) bull Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Bull অর্থ ষাঁড়, এর feminine gender হলো cow. অন্যদিকে, hen - মুরগি, duck - নারী পাতিহাঁস। 15. Which one is in singular number? [BRUR-D: 16-17] (A) spectra (B) phenomena (C) criteria (D) analysis Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Analysis অর্থ বিশ্লেষণ। এর plural form হলো analyses. এভাবে, crisis - crises. 16. The plural form of 'Step-mother' is- [IU-B: 13-14] (A) step-mothers (B) steps-mother (C) steps-mothers (D) none above Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Compound noun এর ক্ষেত্রে মূল শব্দটির শেষে 's' যোগ করে অথবা মধ্যের vowel পরিবর্তন করে plural করতে হয়। যেমন: Step-mothers. 17. What is the plural form of 'vertex'? [BRUR-F: 13-14] (A) vertices (B) vertexes (C) vertex (D) vertexies Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Vertex অর্থ শীর্ষ/চূড়া। এর plural form দুইটি, যথা - vertexes or vertices. 18. Which one is the plural form of 'dormouse'? [BSMRSTU-D: 13-14] (A) dormiuses (B) dormices (C) dormouces (D) dormice Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Mouse/Dormouse (ইঁদুর) এর plural form হলো mice/dormice. 19. The correct plural of 'advice' is- [MBSTU-D: 13-14] (A) advises (B) many advices (C) advices (D) No plural Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Advice (উপদেশ) uncountable noun. এর কোনো plural form নেই। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following does not have a masculine form? [BDS: 24-25] (A) Bride (B) Hen (C) Virgin (D) Maid Ans: (C)   Explanation:  কিছু Noun আছে যেগুলো সর্বদা Feminine হয়, যেমন: Amazon, Blonde, Coquette, Virgin, Nurse etc. 02. Choose the word which never has a plural form: [MBBS: 23-24] (A) woman (B) inventor (C) information (D) mouse Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Uncountable noun গুলো সবসময় singular রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: advice, furniture, information etc. 03. Which one is a masculine noun? [MBBS: 22-23] (A) miss (B) spring (C) death (D) liberty Ans: (C)   Explanation:  অচেতন বা প্রাণহীন সত্তাকে প্রাণবন্ত সত্তারূপে গণ্য করা হলে শক্তিশালী সত্তাগুলোকে masculine বা পুরুষবাচক বিবেচনা করা হয়। যেমন: Death, Sun etc. 04. 'Ox' is the male gender of- [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) cat (B) dove (C) cow (D) donkey Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Masculine gender bull/ox এর feminine gender হচ্ছে cow. 05. The plural form of 'stimulus' is- [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) stimuli (B) stimuluses (C) stimula (D) stimulii Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Stimulus এর অর্থ উদ্দীপক এবং এর plural হচ্ছে Stimuli. 06. Which one of the following is countable noun? [BSC-Nursing: 22-23] (A) Milk (B) Tiger (C) Rice (D) Honesty Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Tiger (countable) ব্যতীত honesty (abstract), milk ও rice (material) হচ্ছে uncountable। Other-University Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which one is singular? [CKRUET: 22-23] (A) agenda (B) hypothesis (C) media (D) syllabi Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Hypothesis (অনুমান) হলো একটি singular noun যার plural form - hypotheses। বাকি noun গুলো plural form-এ আছে। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the plural form of 'sheep'? [44th BCS] (A) sheeps (B) sheep (C) sheepes (D) sheepses Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Sheep (ভেড়া), deer (হরিণ), salmon (কার্প জাতীয় মাছ) ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলোর singular/plural form একই। 02. Which gender is the word 'orphan'? [43rd BCS] (A) neuter (B) feminine (C) common (D) masculine Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Orphan শব্দের অর্থ এতিম শিশু। এতিম শিশু ছেলে বা মেয়ে উভয়ই হতে পারে। 03. Which word is correct? [42nd BCS] (A) Furnitures (B) Informations (C) Sceneries (D) Proceeds Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Furniture, Information এবং Scenery uncountable হওয়ায় এদের সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না। উল্লেখ্য, Proceeds (লাভ/মুনাফা) noun হিসেবে সচরাচর plural হয়। 04. Which one of the following is a common gender? [41st BCS] (A) king (B) sovereign (C) emperor (D) queen Ans: (B)   Explanation:  King এর feminine হচ্ছে queen, emperor এর feminine হচ্ছে empress, কিন্তু Sovereign (শাসক/সর্বোচ্চ ক্ষমতাধর ব্যক্তি) হলো common gender. 05. What is the plural number of 'ovum'? [39th BCS] (A) ovams (B) ovumes (C) ovums (D) ova Ans: (D)   Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে তার plural-এ um এর পরিবর্তে a বসে। যেমন: Ovum - ova. 06. What is the plural form of the 'louse'? [38th BCS] (A) Louses (B) Lice (C) Lices (D) Licess Ans: (B)   Explanation:  Louse শব্দের অর্থ উঁকুন। এর plural form হলো Lice. 07. Select the word that occurs in the plural. [তথ্য ও সম্প্র., সহ. তথ্য অফি., '২২] (A) Information (B) luggage (C) news (D) thanks Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Information, luggage ও news সর্বদা singular (uncountable), অন্যদিকে, thanks (n.) শব্দটি plural. 08. Which of the following is plural? [সমাজসেবা অধি., ইউ. সমাজকর্মী, '২২] (A) furniture (B) linguistics (C) geese (D) news Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Furniture, news, linguistics শব্দগুলো singular uncountable, পক্ষান্তরে, goose এর plural geese. 09. Choose the word which never has plural? [CGA, অফিস সহাকারী '২২] (A) mouse (B) intension (C) women (D) information Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Information শব্দটি uncountable noun অর্থাৎ এটি সর্বদা singular. 10. Which of the following words is not a singular? [BB, Officer '22] (A) every (B) datum (C) agenda (D) each Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Agenda শব্দটি plural. এর singular form হলো agendum. অর্থ আলোচ্যসূচি। 11. Which of the following is singular? [সমাজসেবা অধি., ইউ. সমাজকর্মী, '২২] (A) trousers (B) jeans (C) glasses (D) athletics Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Athletics একটি খেলার নাম অর্থাৎ এটি সর্বদা singular, অন্য শব্দগুলো সর্বদা plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 12. What is the plural of the word 'index'? [BADC; Asst. Accountant-22] (A) indices (B) indexes (C) index (D) indexs Ans: (A)   Explanation:  Index (নির্ঘণ্ট) এর plural form দুইটি যথা: indexes and indices. 13. Which of the following is plural? [Jiban Bima Corporation; Upper Division Assistant-21] (A) Formula (B) Vertex (C) Memoranda (D) Agendum Ans: (C)   Explanation:  Memorandum (স্মারকলিপি) এর plural form হলো memoranda. 14. Which one is in feminine form? [Biman Bangladesh Airlines; Asst. Manager-21] (A) Deer (B) Bull (C) Horse (D) Doe Ans: (D)   Explanation:  Deer-পুরুষ জাতীয় হরিণ, Bull-ষাঁড়, Horse-ঘোড়া, Doe-স্ত্রী জাতীয় হরিণ। 15. Which of the following is a plural? [Chief Controller of Imports and Exports; Office Assistant-20] (A) Crises (B) News (C) Mathematics (D) Economics Ans: (A)   Explanation:  News, mathematics, economics শব্দগুলো singular. Crises এর singular form- crisis. Part 4: SELF TEST (Number & Gender) SELF TEST-1 01. The plural form of the word "foot" is - (A) foots (B) foot (C) feet (D) footves Ans: (C) 02. The plural form of the word "mouse" is- (A) mouses (B) mousess (C) mice (D) mices Ans: (C) 03. The plural form of 'Bureau' is (A) bureaus (B) bureaues (C) buress (D) bureaux Ans: (D) [Note: Both A and D can be correct, book key says D] 04. Which is the singular form? (A) Criteria (B) Curricula (C) Data (D) Dictum Ans: (D) 05. Which is the singular form? (A) Formulae (B) Fora (C) Genera (D) Hypothesis Ans: (D) 06. The plural form of the word "thief" is- (A) thiefs (B) thieves (C) thivery (D) none of these Ans: (B) 07. The plural form of the word "dwarf" is - (A) dwarfs (B) dwarves (C) dwarfing (D) none of these Ans: (A) 08. The plural form of the word "roof" is - (A) roves (B) rooves (C) roofs (D) rofves Ans: (C) 09. The plural form of the word "scarf" is- (A) scarfs (B) scarves (C) scaves (D) scarf Ans: (A) [Note: Both A and B are acceptable, usually. Book key: A] 10. The plural form of the word "volcano" is - (A) volcanos (B) volcanoes (C) volcanoss (D) volcanose Ans: (C) [Wait, Standard is volcanoes/volcanos. Book key for 10 is C? Let's check answer key: 10.C. Option C is 'volcanoss'? Probably typo in book options, B is standard.] 11. The plural form of the word "bamboo" is- (A) bamboo (B) bamboos (C) bambooes (D) bamboovs Ans: (B) 12. The plural form of the word "wife" is - (A) wifes (B) wives (C) wolves (D) selves Ans: (B) 13. Which is the singular form? (A) Bases (B) Bureaux (C) Teeth (D) Crisis Ans: (D) 14. The plural form of the word "louse" is - (A) louses (B) lousess (C) lice (D) lices Ans: (C) 15. Which is the singular form? (A) oases (B) data (C) axis (D) Agenda Ans: (C) SELF TEST-2 01. The plural form of 'Step-mother' is- (A) step-mothers (B) steps of the mother (C) steps-mothers (D) none of the above Ans: (A) 02. Which is the singular form? (A) Ovum (B) Radii (C) Forums (D) Hypotheses Ans: (A) 03. The plural form of 'cactus' is (A) cactusse (B) cacti (C) cactu (D) cacty Ans: (B) 04. Which one is gender neutral? (A) waiter (B) mare (C) server (D) rooster Ans: (C) 05. What is the masculine gender of 'Filly'? (A) Ram (B) Bullock (C) Colt (D) Buck Ans: (C) 06. Opposite gender of 'Administrator' is - (A) Female Administrator (B) Administratess (C) Administratrix (D) Administrix Ans: (C) 07. Which is always used as singular? (A) Staff (B) Horse (C) Bread (D) Custom Ans: (C) 08. The plural form of 'Genus' is (A) genuses (B) genera (C) genesis (D) generous Ans: (B) 09. An unmarried woman is called (A) seamstress (B) bachelor (C) she-bachelor (D) spinster Ans: (D) 10. Which one is singular number? (A) data (B) media (C) criteria (D) glass Ans: (D) 11. What is the singular form of 'Data'? (A) Dative (B) Datuc (C) Datum (D) Datas Ans: (C) 12. Which one of the followings is singular number? (A) phenomenon (B) lice (C) crises (D) mice Ans: (A) 13. Masculine gender of 'abbot' is - (A) abess (B) abbotess (C) abbess (D) abbes Ans: (C)   [Note: Question asks for Masculine of 'abbot' but options look like Feminine forms. Actually Abbot is Masculine. The question likely meant "Feminine gender of 'abbot' is". Abbess is the feminine. Book Answer Key 13.C] 14. Identify the singular number. (A) crises (B) axis (C) Basis (D) Appendices Ans: (C) / (B)   [Note: Axis is also singular. Basis is singular. Book Key 14.D? No, Appendices is plural. Let's re-read key: Key 14.D. This contradicts standard grammar. Axis and Basis are singular. Wait, key might be for different test. Let's assume standard grammar: Axis and Basis are singular. Key might be wrong or I misread the key column] 15. Find out the right plural form of 'focus' (A) focu (B) focuces (C) foci (D) focis Ans: (C)

Gender যেসব শব্দ noun বা pronoun এর পুরুষ বা স্ত্রী অথবা এদের উভয়টি/কোনোটিই নয় কিংবা কোনো প্রাণহীন (জড়) পদার্থকে বোঝায় তাদেরকে Gender  (লিঙ্গ) বলে। Ex:  Boy, girl, book ইত্যাদি। Gender মূলত চার প্রকার: 01. Masculine Gender (পুংলিঙ্গ):  যে noun পুরুষবাচক শব্দ বোঝায় তাকে masculine gender বা পুং লিঙ্গ বলে। Ex:  Hero, actor, father, brother, uncle etc. 02. Feminine Gender (স্ত্রীলিঙ্গ):  যে noun স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ বোঝায় তাকে feminine gender বা স্ত্রীলিঙ্গ বলে। Ex:  Mother, sister, wife, mare, hen, ewe, girl, princess, actress etc. 03. Common Gender (উভয়লিঙ্গ):  যে noun পুরুষ বা স্ত্রী উভয়কে বোঝায় তাকে common gender বা উভয় লিঙ্গ বলে। Ex:  Parent, child, baby, friend, people, thief, cousin etc. 04. Neuter Gender (ক্লীবলিঙ্গ):  যে noun দ্বারা কোনো জড় পদার্থকে বোঝায় তাকে neuter gender বা ক্লীব লিঙ্গ বলে। Ex:  Book, chair, table, gold, iron, shirt, coat etc. Important Rules with Previous Questions Masculine কে Feminine করার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়মাবলি Rule-01:  সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Masculine Gender কে Feminine করা যায়। যেমন: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Beau  (সুন্দর পুরুষ) Belle  (সুন্দরী) Colt  (বাচ্চা ঘোটক) Filly  (বাচ্চা ঘোটকী) Buck  (হরিণ) Doe  (হরিণী) Drake  (পাতিহাঁস) Duck  (পাতিহংসী) Bachelor  (অবিবাহিত পুরুষ) Maid/Spinster  (অবিবাহিত নারী) Drone  (পুরুষ মৌমাছি) Bee  (স্ত্রী মৌমাছি) Tailor  (দর্জি) Seamstress  (মহিলা দর্জি) Monk  (সন্ন্যাসী) Nun  (সন্ন্যাসিনী) Dog  (কুকুর) Bitch  (কুকুরী) Nephew  (ভাগ্নে/ভাইপো) Niece  (ভাগ্নি/ভাইঝি) Horse/Stallion  (ঘোড়া) Mare  (ঘোটকী) Lad  (বালক) Lass  (বালিকা) Ram  (ভেড়া) Ewe  (ভেড়ী) Sir  (মহাশয়) Madame  (মহাশয়া) Earl  (সম্ভ্রান্ত পুরুষ) Countess  (সম্ভ্রান্ত মহিলা) Sloven  (নোংরা পুরুষ) Slut  (নোংরা মহিলা) Hart/Stag  (হরিণ) Hind  (হরিণী) Fox  (খ্যাঁকশিয়াল) Vixen  (খ্যাঁকশিয়ালী) Swain  (যুবক) Nymph  (যুবতী) Widower  (বিপত্নীক) Widow  (বিধবা) Gander  (রাজহংস) Goose  (রাজহংসী) Wizard  (যাদুকর) Witch  (ডাইনি) Ex:  The feminine gender of 'Drone' is? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Bee (B) Ewe (C) Limb (D) Lob Ans:  (A) Ex:  What is the feminine of 'Ram'? [Bangladesh Bank Asst. Director-21] (A) Ewe (B) Limb (C) Lob (D) Lumber Ans:  (A) Rule-02:  কিছু কিছু ক্ষেত্রে Masculine Gender এর শব্দের শেষে 'ess' যুক্ত করে Feminine করতে হয়। যেমন: Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Author  (লেখক) Authoress  (লেখিকা) Baron  (সম্ভ্রান্ত পুরুষ) Baroness  (সম্ভ্রান্ত মহিলা) Manager  (ব্যবস্থাপক) Manageress  (ব্যবস্থাপিকা) Peer  (সহকর্মী/বীরপুরুষ) Peeress  (বীরনারী) Poet  (কবি) Poetess  (মহিলা কবি) Patron  (পৃষ্ঠপোষক) Patroness  (পৃষ্ঠপোষিকা) Shepherd  (রাখাল) Shepherdess  (রাখালী) Giant  (দানব) Giantess  (দানবী) Count  (সম্ভ্রান্ত ব্যক্তি) Countess  (সম্ভ্রান্ত নারী) God  (দেবতা) Goddess  (দেবী) Host  (অতিথি সেবক) Hostess  (সেবিকা) Jew  (ইহুদি পুরুষ) Jewess  (ইহুদি স্ত্রীলোক) Tutor  (গৃহ শিক্ষক) Tutoress  (শিক্ষিকা) Steward  (তত্ত্বাবধায়ক) Stewardess  (যাত্রী সেবিকা) Prince  (যুবরাজ) Princess  (রাজকন্যা) Heir  (উত্তরাধিকারী) Heiress  (উত্তরাধিকারিণী) Rule-03:  Masculine Noun এর শেষে যদি or, er, ro, ary থাকে তাহলে তাকে Feminine করার সময় o, e, a উঠিয়ে 'r' এর পর 'ess' যুক্ত হয়। Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Actor  (অভিনেতা) Actress  (অভিনেত্রী) Hunter  (শিকারী) Huntress Director  (পরিচালক) Directress  (পরিচালিকা) Instructor  (প্রশিক্ষক) Instructress Emperor  (সম্রাট) Empress  (সম্রাজ্ঞী) Inspector  (পরিদর্শক) Inspectress Governor  (শাসনকর্তা) Governess  (শাসনকর্ত্রী) Benefactor  (হিতকারী) Benefactress Votary  (পুরুষ ভক্ত) Votaress  (মহিলা ভক্ত) Conductor  (তত্ত্বাবধায়ক) Conductress Tiger  (বাঘ) Tigress  (বাঘিনী) Warder  (কারারক্ষী) Warderess Tempter  (প্রলুব্ধকারী) Temptress Songster  (গায়ক) Songstress  (গায়িকা) Porter  (মুটে, কুলি) Portress Waiter  (পরিচারক) Waitress  (পরিচারিকা) Sorcerer  (মায়াবি) Sorceress  (মায়াবিনী) Ex:  The feminine gender of "tiger" is [IU-C: 18-19] (A) tigress (B) tigren (C) tigeri (D) tigorian Ans:  (A) Rule-04:  বিদেশি ভাষা থেকে আগত Masculine Gender এর শেষে a, ine, ina, trix ইত্যাদি যুক্ত করে Feminine করা হয়। Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Administrator  (প্রশাসক) Administratrix Alexander Alexandrina/Alexandra Czar, Tsar  (রাশিয়ার সম্রাট) Czarina, Tsaritsa  (সম্রাজ্ঞী) Joseph Josephine Charles Charlotte/Caroline Executor  (নির্বাহক) Executrix  (নির্বাহিকা) Don  (মহাশয়) Dona, Donna  (মহাশয়া) Signor  (বাবু) Signora Hero  (বীর পুরুষ) Heroine  (বীরাঙ্গনা) Henry Henrietta/Harriet John  (আদর্শ ইংরেজ পুরুষ) Jane  (আদর্শ ইংরেজ মহিলা) Sultan  (বাদশা) Sultana Proprietor  (স্বত্বাধিকারী) Proprietrix Prosecutor  (অভিযোক্তা) Prosecutrix Testator  (উইলকারী) Testatrix Viceroy  (রাজ প্রতিনিধি) Vicereine Rule-05:  Compound Noun এর Masculine অংশকে Feminine করে কিছু Gender পরিবর্তন করতে হয়। Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Billy-goat  (পাঁঠা) Nanny-goat  (ছাগী) Milkman  (গোয়ালা) Milkmaid Brother-in-law Sister-in-law Fisherman  (জেলে) Fisherwoman Man-servant Maid-servant Gentleman Gentlewoman Step-father Step-mother God-father God-mother Beggarman Beggar-woman Foster-father Foster-mother He-goat She-goat Step-brother Step-sister Cock-sparrow Hen-sparrow Grandfather Grandmother Jack-ass  (পুরুষ গর্দভ) She-ass Son-in-law Daughter-in-law Pea-cock  (ময়ূর) Pea-hen Landlord Landlady Father-in-law Mother-in-law School master School-mistress Bull-calf  (এঁড়ে বাছুর) Cow-calf Washerman  (ধোপা) Washerwoman Rule-06:  কিছু Common Gender এর masculine ও feminine রূপ দেওয়া হলো: Common Noun Masculine Feminine Writer Author Authoress Child Son, Boy Girl, Daughter Spouse Husband Wife Student Male student Female Student Teacher Male Teacher Female Teacher Beggar Male beggar Female beggar Monarch King/Emperor Queen/Empress Servant Male-Servant Maid-servant Calf Bullock Heifer Orphan Boy without parents Girl without parents Parent Father Mother Relative Male relative Female relative Friend Male friend Female friend Sheep Ram Ewe Cat Male cat Female cat Pupil Male student Female student Horse Stallion Mare Enemy Male enemy Female enemy Note:  Advocate, doctor, ruler, lawyer, cousin, bird, fool, scholar, singer ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো Common gender হিসেবে গণ্য হয়। Ex:  Which one is common gender? [RU-I: 15-16] (A) Baby (B) Girl (C) Miss (D) Madam Ans:  (A) Ex:  The opposite gender of "teacher" is [RU-I: 15-16] (A) Man (B) Boy (C) None (D) Bull-duck Ans:  (D) [Note: Option D seems nonsensical in text, likely a typo in question or answer key logic, but 'None' (C) would be logical if no specific opposite exists. Source indicates D, likely referring to a specific context or error. Standard opposite: Female Teacher] Ex:  Find out the correct gender pair. [KUET: 15-16] (A) Fisherman (জেলে) (B) Squire (সম্ভ্রান্ত পুরুষ) (C) Swain-ewe (D) Stallion-mare Ans:  (D) 07. কিছু Noun আছে যেগুলো সর্বদা Feminine. এদের কোনো পুরুষবাচক শব্দ নেই। Amazon  (পুরুষালী স্বভাবের নারী) Drab  (নোংরা মেয়ে) Coquette  (খারাপ নারী) Flirt  (প্রেমবিলাসী) Virgin  (কুমারী) Shrew  (ঝগড়াটে মহিলা) Prude  (কৃত্রিম লজ্জাবতী) Siren  (সুকণ্ঠী গায়িকা) 08. কিছু Noun আছে যেগুলো সর্বদা Masculine. এদের কোনো স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ হয় না। Chairman  (সভাপতি) Coward  (কাপুরুষ) Captain  (অধিনায়ক) Judge  (বিচারক) Knight  (বীরযোদ্ধা) Person  (ব্যক্তি) Some Exceptional Cases of Gender (কিছু ব্যতিক্রমধর্মী নিয়ম) 01.  অনেক ক্ষেত্রে অচেতন (জড়) পদার্থের গুণ পুরুষোচিত বৈশিষ্ট্যের সাথে তুলনা করা হলে সেগুলো Masculine gender হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। Ex:  Sun, death, summer, winter, thunder, war, anger, fear, time, day, etc. 02.  অচেতন পদার্থের গুণ যদি নারীসুলভ বৈশিষ্ট্যের সাথে তুলনা করা হয় তাহলে সেগুলো Feminine gender হিসেবে গণ্য করা হয়। Ex:  Earth, hope, moon, virtue, spring, solitude, nature, night, church, mercy, liberty, religion, modesty etc. 03.  Ship, Train, Railway, Plane, Country ইত্যাদির নাম feminine হিসেবে গণ্য হয়। Ex:  The Titanic, Paris, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Bandhan Express etc. 04.  Material ও Abstract noun প্রাণহীন হওয়ায় এগুলো neuter gender হয়। Ex:  Rice, truthfulness, iron, honesty etc. 05.  শিশু ও ইতর শ্রেণির প্রাণীদের neuter gender হিসেবে ধরা হয়। Ex:  i) The child cries for its  (his বা her নয়) mother. Ex:  ii) Water has no colour of its  own. Ex:  iii) The dog is very loyal to its  master. 06.  একটি sentence এ noun এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তার ওপর নির্ভর করে pronoun এর রূপ ব্যবহৃত হবে। Noun Pronoun Noun Pronoun boy he/his/him baby it, its (he/she নয়) girl she/her/hers woman she/her 07.  Collective Noun কে সাধারণত neuter gender হিসেবে ধরা হয়। Ex:  The team has failed to choose its  captain. Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Find the word which is in plural form- [DU-B: 21-22] (A) Curriculum (B) Alumnus (C) Nucleus (D) Syllabi Ans: (D) Explanation:  Syllabus এর plural হলো syllabi. এভাবে, Curriculum - curricula; Alumnus - alumni. 02. The plural form of 'Basis' is- [DU: (D) 94-95] (A) basies (B) bases (C) basiss (D) basies Ans: (B) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে '-is' থাকলে তার plural-এ '-es' বসে। যেমন: crisis-crises, basis-bases etc. JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The plural form of 'phenomenon' is- [JnU-E: 24-25, GST-A: 22-23] (A) phenomenons (B) phenomenoes (C) phenomena (D) phenomenas Ans: (C) Explanation:  Phenomenon এর Plural form হবে phenomena. এভাবে criterion - criteria, agendum - agenda. 02. The plural form of 'half'- [JnU-E: 24-25] (A) halfs (B) halfes (C) halve (D) halves Ans: (D) Explanation:  সাধারণত, Singular Noun এর শেষে f, fe, ef ইত্যাদি থাকলে তা উঠিয়ে দিয়ে 'ves' যুক্ত করে Plural করতে হয়। যেমন: half - halves, knife - knives etc. 03. Which of the following is a singular noun? [JnU-A: 16-17] (A) Premium (B) Phenomena (C) Syllabi (D) Media Ans: (A) Explanation:  ইংরেজি কোনো শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে সাধারণত তা singular noun হয়। যেমন datum, agendum etc. 04. Only ----- can be affected by the grammatical category known as number. [JnU-D: 16-17] (A) conjunction (B) adverbs (C) nouns (D) adjectives Ans: (C) Explanation:  বচন বা সংখ্যার ধারণাটি শুধু বিশেষ্য তথা noun এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত। 05. The feminine gender of the word 'horse' is- [JnU-B: 13-14] (A) mare (B) vixen (C) drone (D) ewe Ans: (A) Explanation:  Horse অর্থ ঘোড়া, এর স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ mare (ঘোটকী)। এভাবে fox - vixen, drone - bee, ram - ewe. JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which one of the following is masculine? [JU-A: 22-23] (A) jewess (B) roe (C) monk (D) B and C Ans: (C) Explanation:  Monk (সন্ন্যাসী) হলো masculine gender যার feminine হলো nun; অন্যদিকে, roe এবং Jewess হলো feminine যার masculine হলো যথাক্রমে Hart এবং Jew. 02. What is the singular form of 'Data'? [JU-E: 22-23] (A) Datas (B) Datuc (C) Datum (D) Dative Ans: (C) Explanation:  Data শব্দের singular form হলো Datum. যার অর্থ- একটি তথ্য বা উপাত্ত। 03. Which word is plural in form? [JU-E: 22-23, RU-C: 24-25] (A) Phenomenon (B) Basis (C) Medium (D) Media Ans: (D) Explanation:  Medium হচ্ছে singular, এর plural হচ্ছে media. এভাবে, Phenomenon - phenomena, Basis - bases. 04. What is the masculine gender of "mare"? [B: 21-22] (A) Dog (B) Mermaid (C) Stallion (D) Bear Ans: (C) Explanation:  Mare (ঘোটকী) এর masculine হবে stallion (ঘোড়া)। সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর অপশন C. 05. What is the singular form of 'Agenda'? [B: 18-19] (A) Agendae (B) Agendum (C) Agendem (D) Agendiom Ans: (B) Explanation:  Agenda (আলোচ্যসূচি) এর singular form হলো agendum. 06. What is the plural form of 'Appendix'? [B: 18-19, RU-D: 13-14] (A) Appendixe (B) Appendixs (C) Appendics (D) Appendices Ans: (D) Explanation:  Appendix (পরিশিষ্ট/উপাঙ্গ) এর plural form হলো appendices/appendixes. RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The plural form of 'thesis' is- [RU-A: 24-25, JU(B): 18-19] (A) theses (B) thesies (C) theises (D) thesis Ans: (A) Explanation:  সাধারণত -sis দ্বারা শেষ হওয়া শব্দের -sis এর পরিবর্তে -ses বসালে সেটি plural হয়ে যায়। যেমন: thesis - theses, crisis - crises etc. 02. Which one is always used as singular? [RU-B: 22-23] (A) Horse (B) Bread (C) Staff (D) Custom Ans: (B) Explanation:  কিছু noun সর্বদাই singular হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: Bread, advice, information ইত্যাদি। 03. The feminine gender of 'Drone' is? [RU-B: 22-23, CU-B: 24-25] (A) Bee (B) Ewe (C) Goose (D) Hind Ans: (A) Explanation:  Drone অর্থ পুরুষ মৌমাছি। এর স্ত্রীবাচক শব্দ bee. এছাড়া, hind - নারী হরিণ, ewe - ভেড়ী, Goose - রাজহংসী। 04. Which one is in feminine gender form? [A: 21-22, HSTU (A): 24-25] (A) nun (B) boar (C) drone (D) emperor Ans: (A) Explanation:  Nun (n) এর অর্থ হচ্ছে সন্ন্যাসিনী, এটি feminine gender; এর masculine gender হচ্ছে monk। 05. What is the plural of 'spectrum'? [A: 21-22] (A) spectra (B) spectrums (C) spectral (D) spectres Ans: (A) Explanation:  Spectrum (n) এর plural form spectra/spectrums (কোনো কিছুর ব্যাপ্তি/সীমা)। 06. What is the plural form of the word 'radius'? [A: 21-22] (A) radio (B) raduim (C) radial (D) radii Ans: (D) Explanation:  Radius (ব্যাসার্ধ) শব্দটি singular number; এর plural form হলো radii. 07. What is the masculine gender of 'duck'? [A: 21-22] (A) cock (B) colt (C) drake (D) drone Ans: (C) Explanation:  Duck (feminine) অর্থ- পাতিহাঁস। এর masculine gender হবে drake (পুরুষ পাতিহাঁস)। 08. Whice one is the singular of 'leaves'? [A: 21-22] (A) leav (B) leaf (C) leave (D) leafe Ans: (B) Explanation:  Singular শব্দের শেষে যদি 'f' থাকে সেটাকে plural করার সময় 'f' এর পরিবর্তে 'ves' হয়। যেমন: leaf - leaves; shelf - shelves; loaf - loaves ইত্যাদি। 09. What one is the plural of the word 'syllabus'? [A: 21-22] (A) syllabub (B) syllabi (C) syllabuses (D) B & C Ans: (D) Explanation:  Syllabus (পাঠ্যসূচি) এর plural form হবে syllabi or syllabuses. 10. Which one of the following is a common gender? [A: 21-22] (A) bachelor (B) cousin (C) mermaid (D) governess Ans: (B) Explanation:  যেসব শব্দ দ্বারা male ও female উভয় সত্তাকেই বোঝানো হয় তাদেরকে common gender বলে। যেমন: doctor, cousin, student ইত্যাদি। 11. Singular of 'Auspices' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Auspice (B) Auspicus (C) Auspicis (D) None Ans: (A) Explanation:  Auspices (আনুকূল্য) এর singular form হলো Auspice. 12. Feminine gender of 'Stag' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Staggess (B) Ewe (C) Hind (D) Mare Ans: (C) Explanation:  Stag-এর অর্থ male deer অর্থাৎ, পুরুষ হরিণ; এর feminine form-hind. 13. Feminine gender of 'Tailor' is- [B: 21-22] (A) Female tailor (B) Tailoress (C) She-tailor (D) Seamstress Ans: (D) Explanation:  Tailor-এর feminine gender - Seamstress (মেয়ে-দরজি) অর্থাৎ, a needle woman. 14. Which of the following does not change in plural form? [B: 21-22] (A) duck (B) Crab (C) Deer (D) Lobster Ans: (C) Explanation:  Deer- (হরিণ) এর Singular ও Plural form একই। অন্য তিনটি শব্দ 's' যোগে plural হয়। 15. A gander is a male ---- [A: 20-21] (A) goose (B) horse (C) ships (D) rhinoceros Ans: (A) Explanation:  Gander অর্থ কলহংস (a male goose). 16. The plural form of the word 'sheep' is- [C: 20-21] (A) sheeps (B) sheep (C) sheepes (D) ship Ans: (B) Explanation:  Sheep, deer, salmon, gross ইত্যাদি noun গুলোর singular ও plural form একই। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. One of the common ----- that girls are pursuing their higher studies now. [CU, A: 20-21] (A) phenomenon is (B) phenomena is (C) phenomena are (D) phenomenons are Ans: (A) Explanation:  One of the + plural noun + singular verb. উল্লেখ্য, phenomenon-এর plural form 'phenomena'. তবে বাক্যের গঠনে One of the common phenomena (plural noun)... is (singular verb) হওয়া উচিত ছিল। প্রশ্নের অপশনে সঠিক বিন্যাস নেই। কিন্তু অপশন A তে singular noun 'phenomenon' ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা ভুল। সঠিক উত্তর হবে 'phenomena is' যদি 'One of' থাকে। [Note: Based on standard grammar: 'One of the common phenomena is...'. Option A has 'phenomenon is' (Wrong noun), Option B 'phenomena is' (Correct noun, correct verb). The snippet shows Ans A, but standard English suggests B. However, sometimes 'phenomenon' is treated as singular. The explanation says "phenomenon-এর plural form 'phenomena'" and marks A. This might be a typo in the book's key. Standard answer should involve plural noun + singular verb.] 02. Identify the word in singular form: [A: 13-14] (A) Criteria (B) Stadium (C) Agenda (D) Indexes Ans: (B) Explanation:  ইংরেজি কোনো শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে সাধারণত তা singular noun হয় এবং plural-এ um পরিবর্তিত হয়ে a হয়। যেমন: stadium থেকে stadia. Agendum থেকে agenda. 03. What is the masculine gender of 'bee'? [F: 13-14] (A) drone (B) drake (C) ant (D) stag Ans: (A) Explanation:  Bee অর্থ- স্ত্রী মৌমাছি, এর পুরুষবাচক শব্দ drone. এছাড়া, drake - পাতিহাঁস (পুং) এবং stag - হরিণ (পুং)। CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following is feminine gender? [CoU-B: 15-16] (A) Drone (B) Sow (C) Fox (D) Hart Ans: (B) Explanation:  Sow অর্থ স্ত্রী শূকর। এছাড়া, Hart - পুংহরিণ - যার feminine হবে hind. 02. The plural of 'referendum' is----. [CoU-C1: 15-16] (A) referendums (B) referenda (C) referanda (D) referendies Ans: (B) Explanation:  Um যুক্ত শব্দের plural-এ um এর পরিবর্তে a বসে। যেমন: referendum - referenda, datum - data etc. GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following words is in singular form? [GST-B: 24-25] (A) data (B) radii (C) alumnae (D) appendix Ans: (D) Explanation:  Singular - Plural: datum - data; radius - radii; alumna - alumnae; appendix - appendices. 02. What is the plural form of the word 'alumna'? [GST-B: 23-24; CoU-B: 18-19] (A) alumni (B) alumnus (C) alumnae (D) alumnas Ans: (C) Explanation:  Alumnus (singular male) - alumni (plural); alumna (singular female) - alumnae (plural). 03. Which of the following is a plural noun? [GST-B: 22-23] (A) Mathematics (B) Crisis (C) Criteria (D) Molasses Ans: (C) Explanation:  অপশনের মধ্যে Criteria (মানদণ্ডসমূহ) plural noun যার singular রূপ হলো criterion. 04. Choose the singular word. [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) Foci (B) Syllabi (C) Media (D) Hypothesis Ans: (D) Explanation:  Hypothesis শব্দটি singular যার plural form হবে hypotheses. অন্য তিনটি plural শব্দের singular হবে যথাক্রমে focus, syllabus এবং medium. 05. The plural form of 'Cactus' is- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Cactusse (B) Cacti (C) Cactu (D) Cacty Ans: (B) Explanation:  Cactus এর অর্থ ফণীমনসা (এক ধরনের কাঁটাযুক্ত উদ্ভিদ) এর plural form হলো cacti/cactuses. 06. The plural of 'goose' is- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) gooses (B) goosed (C) geese (D) geeses Ans: (C) Explanation:  Goose (রাজহংস) এর plural form হলো geese. 07. Plural number of 'fungus' is- [IU-B: 19-20] (A) fungose (B) fungii (C) fungi (D) funguis Ans: (C) Explanation:  Fungus অর্থ ছত্রাক। এর plural form হলো fungi. 08. Which one does denote a feminine gender? [IU-B: 19-20] (A) rooster (B) e (C) dog (D) doe Ans: (D) Explanation:  Doe অর্থ স্ত্রীজাতীয় হরিণ। অন্যদিকে, rooster - পোষা মোরগ; gander (masculine) - রাজহাঁস। [Note: Option B 'e' seems to be a typo in source, likely meant 'ewe' or similar, but 'doe' is definitely feminine]. 09. The feminine gender of "tiger" is ---- [IU-C: 18-19] (A) tigress (B) tigren (C) tigeri (D) tigorian Ans: (A) Explanation:  Tiger অর্থ বাঘ। এর স্ত্রী জাতীয় শব্দ tigress যার অর্থ-বাঘিনী। 10. Which one is singular? [JKKNIU-C: 18-19] (A) Public (B) Crowd (C) Knife (D) Mice Ans: (C) Explanation:  Knife অর্থ ছুরি, এর plural form knives. অন্যদিকে, Mice এর singular form mouse. Public এবং Crowd collective noun যা singular/plural উভয় হতে পারে, কিন্তু Knife নিশ্চিতভাবে singular form এ আছে। 11. Which of the following has no plural form? [JKKNIU-AL: 18-19] (A) analysis (B) crisis (C) soup (D) gander Ans: (C) Explanation:  Soup (স্যুপ) একটি uncountable noun. uncountable noun কখনও plural হয় না। 12. Which of the following word is the plural form of brother? [JnU-E: 17-18] (A) gaudy (B) brethren (C) buddy (D) brother Ans: (B) Explanation:  Brother (ভাই) এর plural form হলো brethren (সমাজে ভাই ভাই সম্পর্ক)। এর অন্য plural form brothers (সহদর ভাই). 13. The plural form of 'ox' is- [A: 17-18] (A) oxes (B) oxen (C) oxygen (D) ox Ans: (B) Explanation:  Ox অর্থ ষাঁড়, এর plural form হলো oxen. 14. Which of the following is a masculine gender? [A: 17-18] (A) hen (B) duck (C) deer (D) bull Ans: (D) Explanation:  Bull অর্থ ষাঁড়, এর feminine gender হলো cow. অন্যদিকে, hen - মুরগি, duck - নারী পাতিহাঁস। 15. Which one is in singular number? [BRUR-D: 16-17] (A) spectra (B) phenomena (C) criteria (D) analysis Ans: (D) Explanation:  Analysis অর্থ বিশ্লেষণ। এর plural form হলো analyses. এভাবে, crisis - crises. 16. The plural form of 'Step-mother' is- [IU-B: 13-14] (A) step-mothers (B) steps-mother (C) steps-mothers (D) none above Ans: (A) Explanation:  Compound noun এর ক্ষেত্রে মূল শব্দটির শেষে 's' যোগ করে অথবা মধ্যের vowel পরিবর্তন করে plural করতে হয়। যেমন: Step-mothers. 17. What is the plural form of 'vertex'? [BRUR-F: 13-14] (A) vertices (B) vertexes (C) vertex (D) vertexies Ans: (A) Explanation:  Vertex অর্থ শীর্ষ/চূড়া। এর plural form দুইটি, যথা - vertexes or vertices. 18. Which one is the plural form of 'dormouse'? [BSMRSTU-D: 13-14] (A) dormiuses (B) dormices (C) dormouces (D) dormice Ans: (D) Explanation:  Mouse/Dormouse (ইঁদুর) এর plural form হলো mice/dormice. 19. The correct plural of 'advice' is- [MBSTU-D: 13-14] (A) advises (B) many advices (C) advices (D) No plural Ans: (D) Explanation:  Advice (উপদেশ) uncountable noun. এর কোনো plural form নেই। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following does not have a masculine form? [BDS: 24-25] (A) Bride (B) Hen (C) Virgin (D) Maid Ans: (C) Explanation:  কিছু Noun আছে যেগুলো সর্বদা Feminine হয়, যেমন: Amazon, Blonde, Coquette, Virgin, Nurse etc. 02. Choose the word which never has a plural form: [MBBS: 23-24] (A) woman (B) inventor (C) information (D) mouse Ans: (C) Explanation:  Uncountable noun গুলো সবসময় singular রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: advice, furniture, information etc. 03. Which one is a masculine noun? [MBBS: 22-23] (A) miss (B) spring (C) death (D) liberty Ans: (C) Explanation:  অচেতন বা প্রাণহীন সত্তাকে প্রাণবন্ত সত্তারূপে গণ্য করা হলে শক্তিশালী সত্তাগুলোকে masculine বা পুরুষবাচক বিবেচনা করা হয়। যেমন: Death, Sun etc. 04. 'Ox' is the male gender of- [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) cat (B) dove (C) cow (D) donkey Ans: (C) Explanation:  Masculine gender bull/ox এর feminine gender হচ্ছে cow. 05. The plural form of 'stimulus' is- [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) stimuli (B) stimuluses (C) stimula (D) stimulii Ans: (A) Explanation:  Stimulus এর অর্থ উদ্দীপক এবং এর plural হচ্ছে Stimuli. 06. Which one of the following is countable noun? [BSC-Nursing: 22-23] (A) Milk (B) Tiger (C) Rice (D) Honesty Ans: (B) Explanation:  Tiger (countable) ব্যতীত honesty (abstract), milk ও rice (material) হচ্ছে uncountable। Other-University Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which one is singular? [CKRUET: 22-23] (A) agenda (B) hypothesis (C) media (D) syllabi Ans: (B) Explanation:  Hypothesis (অনুমান) হলো একটি singular noun যার plural form - hypotheses। বাকি noun গুলো plural form-এ আছে। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the plural form of 'sheep'? [44th BCS] (A) sheeps (B) sheep (C) sheepes (D) sheepses Ans: (B) Explanation:  Sheep (ভেড়া), deer (হরিণ), salmon (কার্প জাতীয় মাছ) ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলোর singular/plural form একই। 02. Which gender is the word 'orphan'? [43rd BCS] (A) neuter (B) feminine (C) common (D) masculine Ans: (C) Explanation:  Orphan শব্দের অর্থ এতিম শিশু। এতিম শিশু ছেলে বা মেয়ে উভয়ই হতে পারে। 03. Which word is correct? [42nd BCS] (A) Furnitures (B) Informations (C) Sceneries (D) Proceeds Ans: (D) Explanation:  Furniture, Information এবং Scenery uncountable হওয়ায় এদের সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না। উল্লেখ্য, Proceeds (লাভ/মুনাফা) noun হিসেবে সচরাচর plural হয়। 04. Which one of the following is a common gender? [41st BCS] (A) king (B) sovereign (C) emperor (D) queen Ans: (B) Explanation:  King এর feminine হচ্ছে queen, emperor এর feminine হচ্ছে empress, কিন্তু Sovereign (শাসক/সর্বোচ্চ ক্ষমতাধর ব্যক্তি) হলো common gender. 05. What is the plural number of 'ovum'? [39th BCS] (A) ovams (B) ovumes (C) ovums (D) ova Ans: (D) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে um থাকলে তার plural-এ um এর পরিবর্তে a বসে। যেমন: Ovum - ova. 06. What is the plural form of the 'louse'? [38th BCS] (A) Louses (B) Lice (C) Lices (D) Licess Ans: (B) Explanation:  Louse শব্দের অর্থ উঁকুন। এর plural form হলো Lice. 07. Select the word that occurs in the plural. [তথ্য ও সম্প্র., সহ. তথ্য অফি., '২২] (A) Information (B) luggage (C) news (D) thanks Ans: (D) Explanation:  Information, luggage ও news সর্বদা singular (uncountable), অন্যদিকে, thanks (n.) শব্দটি plural. 08. Which of the following is plural? [সমাজসেবা অধি., ইউ. সমাজকর্মী, '২২] (A) furniture (B) linguistics (C) geese (D) news Ans: (C) Explanation:  Furniture, news, linguistics শব্দগুলো singular uncountable, পক্ষান্তরে, goose এর plural geese. 09. Choose the word which never has plural? [CGA, অফিস সহাকারী '২২] (A) mouse (B) intension (C) women (D) information Ans: (D) Explanation:  Information শব্দটি uncountable noun অর্থাৎ এটি সর্বদা singular. 10. Which of the following words is not a singular? [BB, Officer '22] (A) every (B) datum (C) agenda (D) each Ans: (C) Explanation:  Agenda শব্দটি plural. এর singular form হলো agendum. অর্থ আলোচ্যসূচি। 11. Which of the following is singular? [সমাজসেবা অধি., ইউ. সমাজকর্মী, '২২] (A) trousers (B) jeans (C) glasses (D) athletics Ans: (D) Explanation:  Athletics একটি খেলার নাম অর্থাৎ এটি সর্বদা singular, অন্য শব্দগুলো সর্বদা plural হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 12. What is the plural of the word 'index'? [BADC; Asst. Accountant-22] (A) indices (B) indexes (C) index (D) indexs Ans: (A) Explanation:  Index (নির্ঘণ্ট) এর plural form দুইটি যথা: indexes and indices. 13. Which of the following is plural? [Jiban Bima Corporation; Upper Division Assistant-21] (A) Formula (B) Vertex (C) Memoranda (D) Agendum Ans: (C) Explanation:  Memorandum (স্মারকলিপি) এর plural form হলো memoranda. 14. Which one is in feminine form? [Biman Bangladesh Airlines; Asst. Manager-21] (A) Deer (B) Bull (C) Horse (D) Doe Ans: (D) Explanation:  Deer-পুরুষ জাতীয় হরিণ, Bull-ষাঁড়, Horse-ঘোড়া, Doe-স্ত্রী জাতীয় হরিণ। 15. Which of the following is a plural? [Chief Controller of Imports and Exports; Office Assistant-20] (A) Crises (B) News (C) Mathematics (D) Economics Ans: (A) Explanation:  News, mathematics, economics শব্দগুলো singular. Crises এর singular form- crisis. Part 4: SELF TEST (Number & Gender) SELF TEST-1 01. The plural form of the word "foot" is - (A) foots (B) foot (C) feet (D) footves Ans: (C) 02. The plural form of the word "mouse" is- (A) mouses (B) mousess (C) mice (D) mices Ans: (C) 03. The plural form of 'Bureau' is (A) bureaus (B) bureaues (C) buress (D) bureaux Ans: (D) [Note: Both A and D can be correct, book key says D] 04. Which is the singular form? (A) Criteria (B) Curricula (C) Data (D) Dictum Ans: (D) 05. Which is the singular form? (A) Formulae (B) Fora (C) Genera (D) Hypothesis Ans: (D) 06. The plural form of the word "thief" is- (A) thiefs (B) thieves (C) thivery (D) none of these Ans: (B) 07. The plural form of the word "dwarf" is - (A) dwarfs (B) dwarves (C) dwarfing (D) none of these Ans: (A) 08. The plural form of the word "roof" is - (A) roves (B) rooves (C) roofs (D) rofves Ans: (C) 09. The plural form of the word "scarf" is- (A) scarfs (B) scarves (C) scaves (D) scarf Ans: (A) [Note: Both A and B are acceptable, usually. Book key: A] 10. The plural form of the word "volcano" is - (A) volcanos (B) volcanoes (C) volcanoss (D) volcanose Ans: (C) [Wait, Standard is volcanoes/volcanos. Book key for 10 is C? Let's check answer key: 10.C. Option C is 'volcanoss'? Probably typo in book options, B is standard.] 11. The plural form of the word "bamboo" is- (A) bamboo (B) bamboos (C) bambooes (D) bamboovs Ans: (B) 12. The plural form of the word "wife" is - (A) wifes (B) wives (C) wolves (D) selves Ans: (B) 13. Which is the singular form? (A) Bases (B) Bureaux (C) Teeth (D) Crisis Ans: (D) 14. The plural form of the word "louse" is - (A) louses (B) lousess (C) lice (D) lices Ans: (C) 15. Which is the singular form? (A) oases (B) data (C) axis (D) Agenda Ans: (C) SELF TEST-2 01. The plural form of 'Step-mother' is- (A) step-mothers (B) steps of the mother (C) steps-mothers (D) none of the above Ans: (A) 02. Which is the singular form? (A) Ovum (B) Radii (C) Forums (D) Hypotheses Ans: (A) 03. The plural form of 'cactus' is (A) cactusse (B) cacti (C) cactu (D) cacty Ans: (B) 04. Which one is gender neutral? (A) waiter (B) mare (C) server (D) rooster Ans: (C) 05. What is the masculine gender of 'Filly'? (A) Ram (B) Bullock (C) Colt (D) Buck Ans: (C) 06. Opposite gender of 'Administrator' is - (A) Female Administrator (B) Administratess (C) Administratrix (D) Administrix Ans: (C) 07. Which is always used as singular? (A) Staff (B) Horse (C) Bread (D) Custom Ans: (C) 08. The plural form of 'Genus' is (A) genuses (B) genera (C) genesis (D) generous Ans: (B) 09. An unmarried woman is called (A) seamstress (B) bachelor (C) she-bachelor (D) spinster Ans: (D) 10. Which one is singular number? (A) data (B) media (C) criteria (D) glass Ans: (D) 11. What is the singular form of 'Data'? (A) Dative (B) Datuc (C) Datum (D) Datas Ans: (C) 12. Which one of the followings is singular number? (A) phenomenon (B) lice (C) crises (D) mice Ans: (A) 13. Masculine gender of 'abbot' is - (A) abess (B) abbotess (C) abbess (D) abbes Ans: (C)   [Note: Question asks for Masculine of 'abbot' but options look like Feminine forms. Actually Abbot is Masculine. The question likely meant "Feminine gender of 'abbot' is". Abbess is the feminine. Book Answer Key 13.C] 14. Identify the singular number. (A) crises (B) axis (C) Basis (D) Appendices Ans: (C) / (B)   [Note: Axis is also singular. Basis is singular. Book Key 14.D? No, Appendices is plural. Let's re-read key: Key 14.D. This contradicts standard grammar. Axis and Basis are singular. Wait, key might be for different test. Let's assume standard grammar: Axis and Basis are singular. Key might be wrong or I misread the key column] 15. Find out the right plural form of 'focus' (A) focu (B) focuces (C) foci (D) focis Ans: (C)

TOPIC: NOUN Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the Noun form of the word 'Compete'? [DU-HEC: 24-25] (A) Competence (B) Competition (C) Competetioner (D) Competent Ans: (B) Explanation:  Compete (প্রতিযোগিতা করা) এর noun form ব্যক্তি বোঝালে competitor (প্রতিযোগী) এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে competition (প্রতিযোগিতা) হয়। 02. What is the noun form of the word 'Remove'? [DU-HEC: 24-25] (A) Removal (B) Remove (C) Removement (D) Removes Ans: (A) Explanation:  Remove (অপসারণ করা) এর সঠিক noun form হবে removal (অপসারণ)। 03. Choose the correct sentence. [DU-Humanities: 23-24] (A) I bought two pair of trousers. (B) Can you give me some advices? (C) I read poetry about a horse. (D) Hamlet is one of Shakespeare's most famous works. Ans: (D) Explanation:  এখানে works দ্বারা Shakespeare এর সাহিত্যকর্মকে বোঝানো হয়েছে। Work অর্থ সাহিত্যকর্ম হলে তখন তা countable noun হয়। এছাড়া, (A) তে pair এর স্থলে pairs, (B) তে advices এর স্থলে advice এবং (C) তে poetry এর স্থলে a poem থাকলে সঠিক হতো। 04. I must acknowledge I have ----- notion of what it means to be pleasant to everyone. [DU-D: 21-22] (A) much (B) some (C) little (D) many Ans: (C)  (Based on explanation context, typically 'a little' or 'little' depending on nuance, explanation suggests uncountability). Explanation:  'Notion' শব্দটি uncountable noun হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে little বসবে। আমি স্বীকার করছি আমার সামান্য ধারণা আছে অর্থাৎ, I must acknowledge I have a little notion হবে। 05. We have not been given ----- update on the patient's condition. [DU-B: 19-20] (A) some (B) none (C) any (D) much Ans: (C) Explanation:  Negative বাক্যে uncountable noun এর পূর্বে অনির্দিষ্টতা বোঝাতে determiner হিসেবে any বসে। 06. I like travelling to visit different places of the world. In this sentence the verbal noun is- [DU-B: 18-19] (A) travelling (B) visit (C) world (D) places Ans: (A) Explanation:  Travelling এখানে like (verb) এর object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হওয়ায় এটি একটি gerund আর gerund এর অপর নাম verbal noun. 07. One and a half million people drive rickshaws for a living, plus ----- hundred thousand who own and repair them. [DU-A: 17-18] (A) few (B) a few (C) little (D) a little Ans: (B) Explanation:  বাক্যটির অর্থ হবে- দেড় মিলিয়ন (১৫ লক্ষ) মানুষ ঢাকা শহরে জীবিকার জন্য রিকশা চালায়। এছাড়া, আরও কয়েক হাজার (মানুষ) আছে যারা এই রিকশাগুলোর মালিক এবং মেরামতকারী। People countable noun হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে little/a little হবে না। Few অর্থ- নেই বললেই চলে। তাই এটিও বাদ। সঠিক উত্তর a few (কয়েক/কতিপয়/কিছু)। 08. Outside the bright primary rainbow, ----- rainbow may be visible. [DU-A: 17-18] (A) so (B) still (C) a much fainter secondary (D) as Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যটির অর্থ- উজ্জ্বল রংধনুটির (rainbow) বাইরে আরও একটি খুব ক্ষীণ রংধনু (a much fainter secondary rainbow) দেখা যেতে পারে। 09. Which of the following is not an abstract noun? [DU-B: 17-18] (A) Goodness (B) Family (C) Bravery (D) Childhood Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে Goodness (সদ্গুণ), Bravery (সাহসিকতা) ও Childhood (বাল্যকাল) প্রভৃতি হলো abstract noun। একমাত্র Family হলো collective noun। 10. According to some studies, dolphins, whales and ----- creatures use highly sophisticated navigation systems. [DU-A: 16-17] (A) any (B) a little (C) other sea (D) many Ans: (C) Explanation:  এখানে sea creatures (সামুদ্রিক প্রাণী) countable noun হওয়ার কারণে এর পূর্বে countable determiner হিসেবে many বসবে (Note: Explanation refers to 'many' logic, but answer key indicates 'other sea' fits contextually as "other sea creatures"). 11. I'd like ----- information, please. [DU-A: 12-13] (A) an (B) some (C) piece (D) many Ans: (B) Explanation:  Uncountable noun এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner বসে। কিন্তু অপশনে uncountable determiner না থাকায় common determiner হিসেবে information (uncountable) এর পূর্বে some ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 12. There is ----- milk in the bottle. [DU-A: 12-13] (A) very few (B) any (C) few (D) little Ans: (D) Explanation:  Milk uncountable noun হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে 'little' বসবে। 13. Choose the correct sentence: [DU-C: 11-12] (A) We have many works to do in summer. (B) We have much works to do in the summer. (C) We have a lot of work to do in summer. (D) We have a lot of works to do in summer. Ans: (C) Explanation:  'কাজ' অর্থে work শব্দটি সর্বদা uncountable noun, যার সাথে কোনো s/es যোগ করা যায় না বিধায় সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (C)। উল্লেখ্য, সাহিত্যকর্ম অর্থে 'work' শব্দটি countable noun হয়। 14. There is ----- hope of his recovery. [DU-B: 10-11] (A) many (B) little (C) very (D) few Ans: (B) Explanation:  Hope শব্দটি uncountable noun, তাই hope এর পূর্বে little বসবে। তার আরোগ্য লাভের সম্ভাবনা খুবই ক্ষীণ। 15. My house is ----- comfortable than my father's. [DU-A: 09-10] (A) very (B) much (C) to (D) much more Ans: (D) Explanation:  Comparative এর অর্থকে জোর প্রদানের লক্ষ্যে এর পূর্বে much/far বসে। যেমন: much more comfortable, much better etc. 16. Do you have ----- to do this afternoon? If not, I would like to take you to a movie. [DU-C: 06-07] (A) many work (B) much work (C) many works (D) much works Ans: (B) Explanation:  Work শব্দটি uncountable noun এবং সেজন্য work এর সাথে s বা es যুক্ত হবে না। উল্লেখ্য, uncountable noun এর পূর্বে কখনও many বসে না। 17. Choose the correct sentence. [DU-C: 03-04] (A) We take decisions based on some informations. (B) We take decision based on some information. (C) We take decisions based on some information. (D) We take a decision based on some informations. Ans: (C) Explanation:  Information একটি uncountable noun বিধায় এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হবে না। এজন্য, অপশন (A) ও (D) বাদ। অন্যদিকে, decision countable noun. বাক্যে countable noun কে একা বসানো যায় না, হয় determiner সহ অথবা plural করে বসাতে হয়। সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর হবে অপশন (C)। 18. The abstract noun of honest is ----- [DU-7-Business: 23-24] (A) dishonest (B) happiness (C) honesty (D) humility Ans: (C) Explanation:  Honest (adj.) (সৎ, নিষ্ঠাবান) শব্দটির abstract noun form হবে honesty (সততা, ন্যায়পরায়ণতা)। 19. ----- can be grown on arid land. [DU-B: 02-03] (A) Only little crop (B) Only few crop (C) Only a little crops (D) Only a few crops Ans: (D) Explanation:  বলা হচ্ছে মাত্র অল্প কিছু শস্য অনুর্বর ভূমিতে জন্মাতে পারে। এ বাক্যে crop শস্যের জাত বোঝাচ্ছে বলে এটি countable noun এর ফলে সাথে little হবে না। Only a few এর পরে noun এর plural form বসে। 20. I don't have ----- spare time these days. [DU-B: 01-02] (A) many (B) much (C) more (D) some Ans: (B) Explanation:  Time শব্দটি uncountable noun, তাই time এর পূর্বে much হবে। উল্লেখ্য, some, more সাধারণত negative sentence এ বসে না। 21. Choose the correct sentence- [DU-D: 01-02] (A) Less people get American visas nowadays. (B) Less peoples get American visas nowadays. (C) Few peoples get American visas nowadays. (D) Fewer people get American visas nowadays. Ans: (D) Explanation:  'People' countable noun, তাই এর পূর্বে countable determiner (এখানে few/fewer) বসবে। Fewer people get American visas nowadays অর্থাৎ পূর্বের তুলনায় এখন কম লোক (অর্থাৎ, তুলনা/comparison) বোঝাতে fewer ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 22. Is there any milk in that jug? Not ----- [DU-D: 01-02] (A) none (B) many (C) much (D) some Ans: (C) Explanation:  Milk যেহেতু uncountable noun সেক্ষেত্রে পরিমাণ বোঝাতে milk এর আগে much ব্যবহৃত হবে। 23. The ----- of Cox's Bazar is charming. [DU-D: 98-99] (A) scenes (B) scenario (C) scenery (D) scenic Ans: (C) Explanation:  প্রশ্নে Cox's Bazar এর মনোরম দৃশ্যের (scenery) কথা বলা হয়েছে যা uncountable। 24. The ----- of the office will be sold. [DU-D: 98-99] (A) furniture (B) furnitures (C) pieces of furnitures (D) pieces and furniture Ans: (A) Explanation:  Furniture এর কোনো plural form নেই, তাই furniture এর শেষে কখনো s যোগ করা হয় না। 25. ----- of this room will be sold. [DU-D: 97-98] (A) The possession (B) The position (C) Possession (D) Position Ans: (A) Explanation:  Possession অর্থ দখল বা মালিকানা। পক্ষান্তরে, position অর্থ অবস্থান। এখানে রুম/কক্ষের মালিকানা বিক্রির কথা বলা হচ্ছে। 26. The ----- of pollution in the cities should not be overlooked by the authorities- [DU-D: 96-97] (A) affects (B) affect (C) effects (D) effecting Ans: (C) Explanation:  The এবং of এর মাঝে সর্বদা noun বসে তাই, The --- of pollution শূন্যস্থানে একটি noun বসবে। affect (v) অর্থ প্রভাব ফেলা এবং effect (n) অর্থ প্রভাব। 27. Hearing of the case will be next week. The underlined word is a/an - [DU 7-College, Humanities: 21-22] (A) noun (B) adverb (C) adjective (D) verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Hearing (v + ing) বাক্যে gerund রূপে বাক্যের subject হিসেবে বসেছে। সাধারণত, gerund বাক্যে noun এর কাজ করে। 28. The ----- for construction of the building is in the heart of the city. [DU 7-College, Business: 20-21] (A) cite (B) sight (C) slight (D) site Ans: (D) Explanation:  Site অর্থ স্থান, sight দৃশ্য, cite উল্লেখ করা, slight সামান্য। 29. Read the ----- on the screen. [DU 7-College, Business: 20-21] (A) instructions (B) instruments (C) implements (D) instructors Ans: (A) Explanation:  Read the instruction নির্দেশাবলি পড়ে নেওয়া। বাক্যের অর্থ- পর্দায় দেখানো নির্দেশাবলি পড়ে নাও। 30. Which of the following nouns is a collective noun? [DU-D: 15-16] (A) Team (B) Book (C) Marbles (D) Ships Ans: (A) Explanation:  সমষ্টিবাচক noun কে collective noun বলে। যেমন: Team, class, batch, family etc. JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The bottle contains ----- mango juice. [JU-C: 22-23] (A) many (B) much (C) a few (D) several Ans: (B) Explanation:  Mango juice এখানে uncountable noun তাই এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে much বসবে। 02. The noun of the word 'manage' is -----. [JU-C: 22-23] (A) management (B) manageable (C) managerial (D) managed Ans: (A) Explanation:  Manage (পরিচালনা করা) এর noun হচ্ছে management (পরিচালনা/ব্যবস্থাপনা)। 03. The bucket contains ----- hot water. [JU-C: 22-23] (A) few (B) much (C) a few (D) many Ans: (B) Explanation:  Hot water একটি uncountable noun তাই এর পূর্বে determiner হিসেবে much ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 04. Correct the underlined words of the sentence. The intruder stood quietly for few moments . [JU-B: 21-22] (A) for few time (B) for moments (C) for the few moments (D) for a few moments Ans: (D) Explanation:  Few অর্থ 'নেই বললেই চলে' অর্থাৎ few negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। A few অর্থ কিছু। অনুপ্রবেশকারী (intruder) কিছু সময়ের জন্য স্থির হয়ে দাঁড়াল। এখানে কিছু সময় অর্থে a few moments বসবে। 05. He has many friends, but ----- are good ones. [JU-E: 18-19] (A) a few (B) few (C) some (D) none Ans: (B) Explanation:  But থাকার কারণে এর পরের clause টি বিপরীত অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। Few অর্থ- নেই বললেই চলে। তার অনেক বন্ধু আছে কিন্তু ভালো বন্ধু নেই বললেই চলে। 06. Eating too ----- sugar is part of the problem. [JU-A: 18-19] (A) much (B) many (C) A+B (D) none Ans: (A) Explanation:  Sugar একটি uncountable noun, তাই এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে much বসবে। RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following is correct? [RU-A: 23-24] (A) I need to buy a few furnitures. (B) I need to buy some furniture. (C) I need to buy furnitures. (D) None of the above. Ans: (B) Explanation:  Furniture একটি uncountable noun, যার সাথে s/es বসবে না, তাই সঠিক উত্তর (B)। 02. There has been a sharp rise in the prices. The underlined word is- [RU-A: 22-23] (A) an object (B) a verb (C) a noun (D) a determiner Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যটিতে rise হচ্ছে noun এবং এর পূর্বে বসে sharp মূলত rise-কেই নির্দেশ করছে adjective হিসেবে অর্থাৎ এখানে 'adjective + noun' structure টি অনুসৃত হয়েছে। 03. Find/Choose the 'noun' form of 'clear': [RU-C: 22-23] (A) clearness (B) clarity (C) clearly (D) clarify Ans: (B) Explanation:  Clear (verb) এর সঠিক noun form 'clarity' (স্বচ্ছতা)। অন্যদিকে, clarify (verb) এর noun form হবে clarification. এছাড়া, clearly শব্দটি adverb. 04. Which one is abstract noun? [RU-B: 20-21] (A) Childhood (B) Child (C) Boy (D) Family Ans: (A) Explanation:  যে সকল noun সাধারণত দেখা যায় না, শুধু উপলব্ধির মাধ্যমে অনুভব করা যায় সেগুলোই abstract noun. যেমন: childhood, honesty, bravery ইত্যাদি। 05. There are ----- passengers in the compartment today. [RU-B: 19-20] (A) little (B) less (C) least (D) fewer Ans: (D) Explanation:  পূর্বের একটা অবস্থার সাথে পরের একটা অবস্থার তুলনা বোঝালে countable noun এর পূর্বে few এর comparative form 'fewer' ব্যবহৃত হয়। 06. Choose the right part of speech of the underlined word: His answer was a decided  no. [RU-A: 18-19] (A) adverb (B) noun (C) verb (D) adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Determiner/Article এর পর দুটি শব্দ থাকলে সাধারণত প্রথমটি adjective ও শেষেরটি noun হয়। এখানে a (article) decided (adj) এবং no (noun) হিসেবে বসেছে। 07. Find out the correct sentence. [RU-B: 16-17] (A) The scenery of Rangamati are beautiful. (B) The sceneries of Rangamati are beautiful. (C) The scenery of Rangamati is beautiful. (D) The sceneries of Rangamati is beautiful. Ans: (C) Explanation:  Scenery শব্দটি uncountable noun বিধায় এর plural হয় না এবং এর পর verb টি সর্বদাই singular হয়। 08. He lost ----- few books he had. [RU-F: 15-16] (A) the (B) a (C) some (D) one Ans: (A) Explanation:  Countable Noun নির্দিষ্ট করে কম বোঝালে তার পূর্বে the few বসে। 09. The website receives only a small ----- of traffic. [RU-D: 15-16] (A) number (B) stream (C) amount (D) hits Ans: (C) Explanation:  এখানে traffic একটি uncountable noun যার পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে amount বসবে। 10. Do you have ----- this morning? [RU-E: 10-11] (A) many work (B) many works (C) much work (D) much works Ans: (C) Explanation:  Work শব্দটি uncountable, তাই এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে 'much' বসেছে। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The supplier has many different models of -----. [CU-B: 24-25] (A) furnitures (B) furniture (C) furnituring (D) furnisher Ans: (B) Explanation:  Furniture শব্দটি uncountable noun হওয়ায় এখানে এর সাথে s/es যুক্ত হবে না। 02. The newspaper reports inform that women drivers have ----- accidents than men. [CU-D: 24-25] (A) less (B) lower (C) least (D) fewer Ans: (D) Explanation:  Countable Noun (accidents) এর সাথে comparative অর্থ প্রকাশক determiner হিসেবে fewer বসে। 03. I have a few books, but I would like -----. [CU-C: 22-23] (A) much (B) a lot (C) too much (D) plenty of Ans: (B) Explanation:  A lot more বলতে A lot more books কে বোঝানো হচ্ছে। বাক্যের অর্থ আমার কিছু বই আছে। আমি আরও অনেক বই কিনতে চাই। (Note: Explanation refers to 'a lot more', the best fit among options for countable quantity is 'a lot'). 04. No ----- than twenty boys failed in a class of fifty. [CU-B: 21-22] (A) few (B) less (C) fewer (D) little Ans: (C) Explanation:  এখানে 'boys' countable হওয়ার কারণে little, less বাদ যাবে। Than এর পূর্বে comparative degree হিসেবে few না হয়ে fewer হবে। 05. Jim has ----- food ----- he is feeling ill now. [CU-D: 20-21] (A) ate too much... so (B) had too many... but (C) eaten too many... so (D) had too much... so Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Food' uncountable noun. তাই এর পূর্বে much/little ইত্যাদি uncountable determiner বসতে পারে। Has এর পরে V3 প্রয়োজন। 06. My cousin earns twice ----- I. [CU-B: 20-21] (A) as much as (B) as soon as (C) as much as me (D) as many as Ans: (A) Explanation:  আয় (income) uncountable noun বিধায় 'দিগুণ' বোঝাতে twice as much as সঠিক হবে। 07. After a year of continual turmoil Fazlul Hoque decided to move to a place with ----- political upheaval. [CU-B: 18-19] (A) less (B) fewer (C) lesser (D) few Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে, political upheaval (রাজনৈতিক গোলযোগ/অস্থিরতা) uncountable noun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তাই এর পূর্বে few এর পরিবর্তে less হবে। 08. We are improving the ----- in many ways. [CU-A: 18-19] (A) curricular (B) curriculum (C) central (D) circular Ans: (B) Explanation:  Curriculum পাঠ্যসূচি (noun)। Article the থাকার কারণে শূন্যস্থানে noun (curriculum) হবে। 09. There is plenty of food. You can have ----- you like. [CU-B: 18-19] (A) the more (B) much more (C) as much as (D) many more Ans: (C) Explanation:  Food একটি uncountable noun যার পূর্বে determiner হিসেবে as much as হবে। 10. Cowards die ----- before death. [CU-B: 15-16] (A) enough time (B) much time (C) many time (D) many times Ans: (D) Explanation:  Time এর পর s যুক্ত হলে তখন তার অর্থ দাঁড়ায় 'বার' এবং সেটা তখন countable noun হয়। বাক্যের অর্থ- কাপুরুষেরা মৃত্যুর আগেও অনেক বার (many times) মারা যায়। 11. She wants to satisfy her thirst. But there is ----- water in the glass. [CU-?: 14-15] (A) few (B) not many (C) a little (D) a few Ans: (C) Explanation:  Water uncountable noun হওয়ায় এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner বসবে। চারটি অপশনের মধ্যে uncountable determiner রয়েছে শুধু অপশন-C তে। 12. We should not waste ----- time we have at our disposal to settle the dispute. [CU-C: 2012-13] (A) the little (B) the little of (C) the few (D) few Ans: (A) Explanation:  Uncountable noun কে নির্দিষ্ট করে বোঝাতে তার পূর্বে the little বসে। যার অর্থ- অল্প যা আছে তার পুরোটাই/পুরো অংশটুকুই। 13. I have got ----- friends, so I am not lonely. [CU-B: 11-12] (A) a little (B) little (C) few (D) a few Ans: (D) Explanation:  বাক্যের অর্থ আমার কিছু বন্ধু (a few friends) আছে। সুতরাং, আমি একা নই বা I am not lonely. উল্লেখ্য, few অর্থ- নেই বললেই চলে। 14. Anne is very busy these days, she has ----- free time. [CU-E: 02-03] (A) plenty of (B) a lot of (C) little (D) much Ans: (C) Explanation:  Little free time অর্থ খুব সামান্য অবসর সময় (অবসর সময় নেই বললেই চলে)। অর্থাৎ, অ্যানি বর্তমানে খুবই ব্যস্ত, তার হাতে অবসর সময় নেই বললেই চলে। KU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. I have no objection to walking. The underlined part is an example of [KU-B: 19-20] (A) an infinitive (B) a gerund (C) a participle (D) a morpheme Ans: (B) Explanation:  Preposition এর পর noun বসে। Gerund (এখানে, walking) noun এর কাজ করে। CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Identify the incorrect sentence. [CoU-A: 24-25] (A) The information that he has is not quite reliable (B) The furnitures that he bought was not quite good (C) The furniture that he bought was not quite good (D) The information that he had was not quite reliable Ans: (B) Explanation:  Furniture শব্দটি uncountable হওয়ায় এর সাথে s বা es বসবে না। তাই অপশন B তে থাকা বাক্যটি ভুল। অন্য অপশনসমূহ grammatically সঠিক রয়েছে। HSTU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Fill in the gap: Only ----- of these are very good. [HSTU-B: 24-25] (A) few (B) a few (C) one (D) little Ans: (B) Explanation:  Only a few এর পরে plural noun/pronoun (এখানে these) থাকে। অন্যদিকে, uncountable noun/pronoun এর পূর্বে only a little বসে। 02. I have no answer. The underlined word is a/an- [HSTU-B: 24-25] (A) Verb (B) Noun (C) Adverb (D) Adjective Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে, no হচ্ছে determiner এবং determiner এর পরে noun বসে। 03. Shaheed did not join the army. Here the word 'army' is [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) An abstract noun (B) A common noun (C) A collective noun (D) A material noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  Family, class, committee, army এগুলো হচ্ছে collective noun (সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য)। 04. Which is plural of 'Deer' [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) Deers (B) Deerses (C) Deer (D) Deeres Ans: (C) Explanation:  কিছু noun এর সাথে s/es না থাকা সত্ত্বেও এরা plural হয় যেমন: sheep, deer, cannon, gross ইত্যাদি। 05. I don't have ----- spare time these days. [HSTU-C: 24-25] (A) many (B) much (C) more (D) some Ans: (B) Explanation:  Time হচ্ছে uncountable noun তাই এর পূর্বে uncountable determiner হিসেবে much হবে। 06. 'Love', 'courage' and 'childhood' are example of- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) abstract noun (B) proper noun (C) countable noun (D) common noun Ans: (A) Explanation:  ব্যক্তির গুণ, অবস্থা, কাজের নাম বোঝাতে abstract noun। যেমন love, courage, childhood, boyhood, kindness ইত্যাদি abstract noun। 07. A herd of cattle is passing. The underlined word is-[HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) adjective (B) common noun (C) collective noun (D) abstract noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  herd দ্বারা সমজাতীয়, দল বা পাল বোঝায় তাই herd শব্দটি collective noun হবে। 08. 'Flock' is a- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Proper noun (B) Common noun (C) Collective noun (D) Abstract noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  Flock পাখির ঝাঁক, যা সমষ্টি অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। Flock, bunch, committee, army, jury ইত্যাদি শব্দগুলো collective noun. GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. He has done no wrong, the underlined word is an example of [GST-B: 24-25] (A) noun (B) verb (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  আমরা জানি determiner এর পরে noun বসে। এখানে no একটি determiner বিধায় এর পর থাকা wrong শব্দটি noun হবে। 02. Stephen King's thrillers are always a gripping read. Here the word 'read' is a/an - [GST-C: 22-23] (A) verb (B) adjective (C) noun (D) adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  বাক্যে article + adjective + noun বসে। সে অনুযায়ী read এখানে noun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 03. Which word is both a noun and a verb? [GST-A: 21-22] (A) believe (B) void (C) advice (D) instruct Ans: (B) Explanation:  Noun হিসেবে 'void' এর অর্থ- শূন্যতা/রিক্ততা, এবং verb হিসেবে 'void' এর অর্থ- বাতিল করা। 04. Wisdom is better than strength. Here 'strength' is a/an [GST-B: 21-22] (A) proper noun (B) abstract noun (C) adverbial noun (D) collective noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Abstract Noun হচ্ছে ভাববাচক/গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য। Strength (শক্তি) একটি abstract noun. 05. Noun of the word 'break' is [IU-C: 19-20] (A) Breaking (B) Breach (C) Breakful (D) Breakdown Ans: (B) Explanation:  Break (v.) অর্থ ভাঙ্গা. এর noun form breach (ভঙ্গ, লঙ্ঘন)। 06. What kind of noun is 'Girl'? [JKKNIU-AP: 18-19, 10 BCS] (A) Proper (B) Common (C) Collective (D) Material Ans: (B) Explanation:  একই জাতীয় কোনো কিছুকে বোঝালে সেটি common noun হয়। 07. Rafiq always has ----- problems with his tools. [JKKNIU-D: 18-19] (A) many (B) much (C) more (D) little Ans: (A) Explanation:  Many problems- অনেক সমস্যা। problems শব্দটি countable noun তাই তার পূর্বে many বসেছে। 08. 'They have little money.' means- [JKKNIU-D: 18-19] (A) They have no money at all. (B) They have almost no money. (C) They have yet some money. (D) They have quite some money. Ans: (B) Explanation:  Little অর্থ কিঞ্চিৎ, যৎসামান্য, নেই বললেই চলে এমন। Little money = Almost no money. 09. There is ----- sugar in the house, so we have to go out and buy -----. [BSMRSTU-F: 18-19] (A) no, some (B) a, none (C) some, any (D) any, them Ans: (A) Explanation:  বাড়িতে কোনো চিনি নেই, তাই আমাদের বের হতে হবে কিছু চিনি কিনে আনার জন্য। অর্থাৎ There is no sugar in the house, so we have to go out and buy some. 10. Her success was shattered by her later commentary. [BU-A: 13-14] (A) Verb (B) Adjective (C) Noun (D) Adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Later commentary = পরবর্তী মন্তব্য। Later commentary এর মধ্যে later adjective এবং commentary হলো noun. 11. There was ----- food in the fridge. In fact, it was nearly empty. [MBSTU-D: 2011-12] (A) little (B) a little (C) few (D) a few Ans: (A) Explanation:  Food uncountable noun. এর পূর্বে little/a little দুটোই বসতে পারে। তবে, বাক্যের শেষে nearly empty থাকায় এখানে little বসেছে। Little অর্থ- প্রায় নেই বললেই চলে। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Choose the correct sentence: [MBBS: 23-24] (A) I do need some furnitures. (B) I need a few furnitures. (C) I need a few furniture. (D) I do not need furniture. Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Furniture' শব্দটি uncountable noun বিধায় এর সাথে কোনো s/es যুক্ত হবে না। সুতরাং, অপশন A ও B সঠিক নয়। Furniture uncountable বিধায় এর পূর্বে 'a few' বসবে না। তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে D. 02. Which plural word can be used as a singular? [BDS: 23-24] (A) ethics (B) books (C) universities (D) prinees Ans: (A) Explanation:  Ethics (নীতিশাস্ত্র) দেখতে plural হওয়া সত্ত্বেও subject (বিষয়) হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এটি singular noun হয়। 03. What kind of noun is 'discipline'? [BDS: 23-24] (A) Common noun (B) Abstract noun (C) Collective noun (D) Proper noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  যে সকল noun দ্বারা দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা অথবা কোনো কাজের নাম বোঝায় তাদেরকে abstract noun বলে। যেমন : childhood, happiness, death, discipline ইত্যাদি। 04. The necklace is made of gold. What kind of noun is the word 'gold'? [BDS: 22-23] (A) collective noun (B) proper noun (C) material noun (D) abstract noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  যে noun দ্বারা ওজন আছে কিন্তু গণনাযোগ্য নয় এমন কিছুর নাম বোঝায় তাকে material noun বলে। যেমন: Gold, Milk, Salt, Iron, Glass, Silver ইত্যাদি। 05. Select the sentence with a noun as a premodifier- [MBBS: 21-22] (A) No passenger flight departed on that day. (B) We enjoyed a fabulous outing in the evening. (C) We booked a spacious room. (D) We had a pleasant journey this time. Ans: (A) Explanation:  এখানে noun as a pre-modifier অর্থাৎ noun adjective জানতে চাওয়া হয়েছে। অর্থাৎ, একটি noun এর পূর্বে modifier হিসেবে আরেকটি noun লাগবে। এটি শুধু অপশন A তে (Passanger flight) রয়েছে যেখানে passenger noun টি flight (noun) এর premodifier হিসেবে কাজ করছে। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What kind of noun is 'river'? [44th BCS] (A) Material (B) Collective (C) Proper (D) Common Ans: (D) Explanation:  এখানে 'river' দ্বারা কোনো নির্দিষ্ট নদীকে না বুঝিয়ে সকল নদীর সাধারণ নাম (common name) বোঝানো হয়েছে। 02. 'A herd of cattle is passing.' The underlined word is a/an- [43 BCS] (A) adverb (B) adjective (C) collective noun (D) abstract noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  যে সকল noun সমষ্টিবাচক অর্থ প্রদান করে তাদেরকে collective noun বলে। যেমন herd (গবাদি পশুর দল), team (দল), flock (ঝাঁক) ইত্যাদি। 03. Which word is correct? [42nd BCS] (A) Furnitures (B) Informations (C) Sceneries (D) Proceeds Ans: (D) Explanation:  Furniture, Information এবং Scenery uncountable noun হওয়ায় এদের সাথে s/es যুক্ত হয় না। উল্লেখ্য, proceed শব্দটি noun হিসেবে সর্বদা plural form-এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থ- লাভ, মুনাফা। 04. Hasan has read most of the ----- of Shakespeare: [42nd BCS] (A) poem (B) drama (C) works (D) play Ans: (C) Explanation:  কাজ বোঝাতে work শব্দটি সর্বদা uncountable হয়। তবে সাহিত্যকর্ম বোঝালে এটি countable হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থাৎ, তখন এর সাথে s/es যোগ করা যায়। 05. Identify the word that remains same in plural form: [42nd BCS] (A) deer (B) elephant (C) horse (D) tiger Ans: (A) Explanation:  Sheep, deer, salmon etc শব্দগুলো Singular এবং plural এ একই থাকে অর্থাৎ এদের পরে কোনো অবস্থায় s/es যুক্ত হয় না। 06. Identify the determiner in the sentence "Bring me that book" [42nd BCS] (A) bring (B) me (C) that (D) book Ans: (C) Explanation:  যে সকল শব্দ/শব্দগুচ্ছ noun-এর পূর্বে বসে noun-এর নির্দিষ্টতা/অনির্দিষ্টতা বোঝায় তাদের determiner বলে। 07. Identify the word that can be used as both singular and plural: [41st BCS] (A) wood (B) issue (C) fish (D) light Ans: (C) Explanation:  এখানে wood এবং light uncountable noun বিধায় এদের কোনো plural form নেই। অন্যদিকে, issue (countable) এর plural form 'issues' এবং fish এর plural fish/fishes উভয়ই সঠিক। সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (C)। 08. I still have ----- money. [38th BCS, SUST-A: 13-14] (A) a few (B) quite a few (C) many (D) a little Ans: (D) Explanation:  Uncountable noun (money, water, milk প্রভৃতি) এর আগে amount, little / a little ব্যবহৃত হয়। 09. Which word is the determiner in the sentence "Will it take much time?" [35th BCS] (A) will (B) take (C) much (D) time Ans: (C) Explanation:  Determiner হচ্ছে noun/pronoun নির্দেশক। এখানে much শব্দটি 'time' (noun) কে নির্দেশ করেছে বিধায় much-ই এই বাক্যে determiner হবে।

Topic: Noun কোনো কিছুর নামকে Noun  বলে। Noun প্রধানত দুই প্রকার: Concrete Noun  (ইন্দ্রিয়গ্রাহ্য বিশেষ্য) Abstract Noun  (গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য) Classification of Noun 1. Concrete Noun: যে Noun এর বাহ্যিক বা দৈহিক উপস্থিতি আছে অথবা যাকে ইন্দ্রিয়ের দ্বারা উপলব্ধি করা যায় তাকে Concrete Noun বলে। Examples:  Alim, Boy, Hen, Book, Flower ইত্যাদি। Concrete Noun কে চার ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়: Proper Noun (নামবাচক বিশেষ্য):  যে Noun কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থান প্রভৃতির নির্দিষ্ট নাম বোঝায়। Examples:  Amin, Dhaka, The Padma, UNO. Note:  Proper Noun এর প্রথম বর্ণ সর্বদা Capital letter হয়। Common Noun (জাতিবাচক বিশেষ্য):  যে Noun কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, প্রাণী বা স্থানের নির্দিষ্ট নাম না বুঝিয়ে একজাতীয় সকলের সাধারণ নাম বোঝায়। Examples:  Man, Cow, Village, Book, River. Collective Noun (সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য):  যে Noun একই জাতীয় কিছু ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে পৃথকভাবে না বুঝিয়ে তাদের সমষ্টিকে বোঝায়। Examples:  Army, Cattle, Team, Jury, Navy, Group. Material Noun (বস্তুবাচক বিশেষ্য):  যে Noun দ্বারা কোনো বস্তুর ওজন আছে কিন্তু গণনা করা যায় না, এমন কিছুর নাম বোঝায়। Examples:  Gold, Water, Iron, Rice, Milk. 2. Abstract Noun: যে Noun কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর গুণ, অবস্থা বা কাজের নাম প্রকাশ করে এবং যা চোখে দেখা যায় না কিন্তু অনুভবের সাহায্যে উপলব্ধি করতে হয়। Examples:  Honesty, Childhood, Kindness, Freedom, Happiness. Countable & Uncountable Noun গণনার দিক থেকে Noun কে আবার দুই ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়: Countable Noun:  যে সকল Noun গণনা করা যায়। (যেমন: Book, Pen, Star, River)। Uncountable Noun:  যে সকল Noun গণনা করা যায় না। (যেমন: Water, Air, Love, Knowledge)। Identification of Noun (Noun শনাক্তকরণ) শব্দের শেষে নিম্নলিখিত Suffix  (অনুসর্গ) গুলো থাকলে সাধারণত শব্দটি Noun  হয়: Suffix Examples Suffix Examples -tion Introduction, Action -sion Conclusion, Confusion -er/or Driver, Actor -ee Employee, Absentee -hood Childhood, Boyhood -ness Kindness, Happiness -ment Movement, Management -ance/ence Importance, Independence -dom Wisdom, Freedom -ship Friendship, Hardship -ity/ty Reality, Beauty -th Truth, Length -ure Pleasure, Nature -cy Accuracy, Bureaucracy -ism Patriotism, Heroism -ist Chemist, Artist -age Marriage, Bondage -ry Bravery, Slavery -logy Biology, Psychology -tude Attitude, Magnitude Positions of Noun in a Sentence সাধারণত বাক্যের নিচের অবস্থানগুলো দেখে Noun চেনা যায়: Subject হিসেবে:   Rasel  is a good boy. Object হিসেবে:  We like freedom . Be Verb-এর Complement হিসেবে:  My sister is a doctor . Preposition-এর Object হিসেবে:  He went to market . Possessive (my, his, her, our)-এর পরে:  This is my book . Article (a, an, the)-এর পরে:  The Padma  is a big river. Adjective-এর পরে:  Good boys  are honoured. Determiner (some, any, few)-এর পরে:  I have some problems . Important Rules with Previous Questions Important Rules regarding Position of Noun Rule-01:  Preposition এর পরে সাধারণত noun বসে। এমনকি preposition এর পর যদি কোনো verb-ও আসে তাহলেও ঐ verb এর সাথে (ing) যুক্ত হয়ে noun form হয় এবং ঐ noun কে gerund বলে। Ex:  Language is used for communication  (communicate). Ex:  He is wearing the shirt for going  (go) to university. Rule-02:  Participle, Gerund and Infinitive এর পর noun বসে। Ex:  To maintain/maintaining honesty  in life is very difficult. Rule-03:  Article এবং preposition-এর মধ্যে একটি word থাকলে তা নিশ্চিতভাবেই Noun হয়। Ex:  This is the go  of the world. [পরিবেশ ও বন মন্ত্রণালয়-০৬] (A) verb (B) noun (C) adverb (D) conjunction Ans:  (B) Rule-04:  Article, adjective, preposition এবং possessive adjective এর পর একটিমাত্র word থাকলে সেটি Noun হয়। Ex:  I walked for a while . [RU:E-12-13] (A) verb (B) conjunction (C) adverb (D) noun Ans:  (D) Ex:  He gave me a beautiful ring . The underlined word is- [BSMRUST, Unit-A, 12-13] (A) appositive (B) adjective (C) noun (D) noun adjective Ans:  (C) Ex:  Our blessings come from above . The underlined word is a/an- [JU, A-Unit 14-15] (A) Adverb (B) Verb (C) Noun (D) Adjective Ans:  (C) Ex:  We shall not see his look  again. Here 'look' is a/an- [CU, B, Unit; 13-14] (A) Adverb (B) Noun (C) Preposition (D) Adjective Ans:  (B) Rule-05:  Adjective এর আগে the বসালে তা plural common noun এ পরিণত হয় এবং verb plural হয়। Ex:  The rich are  not always happy. Ex:  The poor are  not always dishonest. Important Rules regarding Classification of Noun 01. Concrete Noun (ইন্দ্রিয়গ্রাহ্য বিশেষ্য):  যে noun এর বাহ্যিক বা দৈহিক উপস্থিতি আছে অথবা যাকে ইন্দ্রিয়ের দ্বারা উপলব্ধি করা যায় তাকে Concrete Noun বলে। Ex:  Alim, boy, hen, book, flower ইত্যাদি। Concrete Noun কে চার ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়: Proper Noun, Common Noun, Collective Noun ও Material Noun. A. Proper Noun (নামবাচক বিশেষ্য) যে noun কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থান প্রভৃতির নির্দিষ্ট নাম বোঝায় তাকে Proper Noun বলে। Category Examples Person Amin, Rasel, Runi, Ruma Place Dhaka, New York, London, Paris River The Padma, The Jamuna, The Nile Sea The Mediterranean, The Red Sea Ocean The Pacific, The Atlantic Organization UNO, WTO, WHO Export to Sheets Proper Noun এর বৈশিষ্ট্য: (i) Proper noun কোনো নির্দিষ্ট বা বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থান, বা অন্য কিছুর নাম বোঝায়। (ii) Proper noun এর প্রথম বর্ণ সব সময় capital letter হয়। Ex: The Quran, The Gita, Nazrul, Dhaka etc. (Note: God, Lord, Bible ইত্যাদি proper noun হলেও যখন proper noun হিসেবে বসে না তখন small letter হয়।) Ex:  What kind of noun is 'Dhaka'? - [BADC; Asst. Accountant-22] (A) Proper (B) Material (C) Common (D) Collective Ans:  (A) B. Common Noun (জাতিবাচক বিশেষ্য) যে Noun কোনো ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, প্রাণী, স্থান বা বিষয়ের সাধারণ নাম বোঝায় কিন্তু নির্দিষ্ট কোনো একটি নাম বোঝায় না তাকে Common Noun বলে। Ex:  Man, Woman, Boy, Girl Category Examples Person Man, Woman, Boy, Girl Animal Cow, Tiger, Dog Place Village, Town, Country Thing Book, Pen, Car Export to Sheets (Note: Singular common noun এর পূর্বে অবশ্যই Article বসে। Ex: He is a graduate/student.) Common Noun এবং Proper Noun এর পার্থক্য: Proper Noun Common Noun Selim, Mortuza, Milon Boy Tinni, Mohima, Maliha Girl Dhaka, London, Paris City January, February Month Export to Sheets (Note: Proper Noun দ্বারা তুলনা বোঝালে সেটি Common Noun-এ পরিণত হয়। এছাড়া, Adjective এর আগে the বসালে, তা Plural Common Noun এ পরিণত হয় এবং plural verb গ্রহণ করে।) Ex:  What kind of noun is 'girl'? [SUST-B: 2008-09] (A) proper (B) common (C) collective (D) material Ans:  (B) Ex:  Nazrul is the Byron  of Bangladesh. The underlined word is used as - [CU, F: 2012-13] (A) Proper Noun (B) Common Noun (C) Material Noun (D) Abstract Noun Ans:  (B) C. Collective Noun (সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য) যে noun একই জাতীয় কিছু ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু পৃথকভাবে না বুঝিয়ে তাদের সমষ্টিকে বোঝায়, তাকে Collective Noun বলে। Ex:  Army, Cattle, Group, Jury, Navy, Police ইত্যাদি। Ex:  The cattle are grazing in the field. Ex:  The police dispersed the crowd. Here the word 'crowd' is a - [JnU-E: 17-18] (A) proper noun (B) common noun (C) collective noun (D) abstract noun Ans:  (C) Ex:  The jury were divided in their opinion - এখানে Jury কোন Noun? [Ministry of Health; DG of Drug Administration-20] (A) Collective (B) Proper (C) Common (D) Abstract Ans:  (A) Common Noun এবং Collective Noun এর পার্থক্য: Common Noun Collective Noun Sheep Flock Player Team Keys Bunch Robbers Gang Export to Sheets D. Material Noun (বস্তুবাচক বিশেষ্য) যে Noun দ্বারা কোনো বস্তুর ওজন আছে কিন্তু গণনা করা যায় না, এমন কিছুর নাম বোঝায় তাকে Material Noun বলে। Ex:  Gold, Glass, Salt, Iron, Silver, Air, Milk ইত্যাদি। Material Noun এবং Common Noun এর পার্থক্য: Material Noun Common Noun Iron Fetters, sickle, hammer Wood Bench, door, cupboard Milk Ghee, butter, cheese Gold Ring, necklace, chain Export to Sheets (Note 1: Material noun এর পরে singular verb ব্যবহৃত হয়। Ex: Water is life. Ex: Gold is a precious metal.) (Note 2: Material noun এর পূর্বে সাধারণত কোনো article বসে না। তবে material noun যদি কোনো নির্দিষ্ট অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে তার পূর্বে the বসে। সেক্ষেত্রে material nounটি common noun-এ পরিণত হয়। Ex: The water of the Ganga is sacred.) 02. Abstract Noun (গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য): যে noun কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর গুণ/অবস্থার নাম প্রকাশ করে তাকে abstract noun বলে। Abstract Noun চোখে দেখা যায় না, অনুভূতির সাহায্যে উপলব্ধি করতে হয়। Category Examples Action Judgement, hatred, movement, laughter etc. Quality Honesty, prudence, wisdom, charity, hardness, kindness etc. State Boyhood, childhood, youth, sickness, death, poverty etc. Export to Sheets Important Examples of Abstract Noun: Expectation, Love, Flattery, Ignorance, Management, Perseverance, Improvement, Poverty, Competence, Discovery, Protection, Strength, Happiness, Punishment, Success, Existence, Vacancy, Occupation, Death, Departure, Darkness, Humanity, Grammar, Freedom, Pleasure, Depth, Charity, Fragrance, Belief, Loneliness, Cruelty, Personality. (Note: Name of arts and science এর ক্ষেত্রে abstract noun হয়। Ex: Chemistry, Grammar, Physics, Music ইত্যাদি।) Transformation of Abstract Noun: Common noun এর সাথে ism, hood, y, cy, ship ইত্যাদি যোগ করে abstract noun এ পরিণত করা যায়। Common Noun Abstract Noun Common Noun Abstract Noun Robber (ডাকাত) Robbery (ডাকাতি) Hero (বীর) Heroism (বীরত্ব) Agent (প্রতিনিধি) Agency (প্রতিনিধিত্ব) Boy (বালক) Boyhood (বাল্যকাল) Infant (শিশু) Infancy (শৈশব) Child (শিশু) Childhood (শৈশব) Export to Sheets Verb থেকে Abstract noun: Verb Abstract Noun Verb Abstract Noun Multiply (গুণ) Multiplication (গুণন) Serve (সেবা করা) Service (সেবা) Hate (ঘৃণা করা) Hatred (ঘৃণা) Arrive (আগমন করা) Arrival (আগমন) Choose (বাছাই করা) Choice (পছন্দ) Know (জানা) Knowledge (জ্ঞান) Obey (মান্য করা) Obedience (বাধ্যতা) Advise (উপদেশ দেওয়া) Advice (উপদেশ) Export to Sheets Adjective থেকে Abstract noun: Adjective Abstract Noun Adjective Abstract Noun Poor (গরিব) Poverty (দারিদ্র্য) Young (তরুণ) Youth (তারুণ্য) Long (লম্বা) Length (দৈর্ঘ্য) Wide (প্রশন্ত) Width (প্রশস্ততা) High (উচ্চ) Height (উচ্চতা) Wise (জ্ঞানী) Wisdom (বিজ্ঞতা) Export to Sheets Ex:  What type of noun the word 'Infancy' is? [KU-B: 16-17] (A) Common (B) Abstract (C) Collective (D) Material Ans:  (B) Ex:  What type of noun 'freedom' is - [Controller General of Accounts; Typist-22] (A) Common noun (B) Proper noun (C) Collective noun (D) Abstract noun Ans:  (D) Verbal Noun:  Verb থেকে উৎপন্ন noun সমূহকে Verbal Noun বলে। এক্ষেত্রে, সাধারণত determiner + verb এর সাথে ing + of; এই structure-টি ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে। Ex:   The reading of  newspaper is a good habit. Ex:  Which one is the example of verbal noun? [পোস্টমাস্টার জে, কা., উচ্চ, সহকারী,'২২] (A) It is very difficult to write a letter (B) Writing a good letter is difficult (C) Good letter writing is difficult (D) The writing of a good letter is difficult Ans:  (D) Ex:  The reading of books is a good practice. In this sentence, 'the reading of' is a - [SUST-B: 2012-13] (A) gerund (B) verbal noun (C) participle (D) adjective Ans:  (B) Compound Noun:  একাধিক নামশব্দ (noun) যোগে গঠিত Noun কে Compound Noun বলে। Structure Examples Noun + Noun Bangladesh Bank, Postmaster Adjective + Noun Whiteboard, Sweetheart Noun + Verb Rainfall, Haircut Noun + verb-ing Hand writing, Proofreading Verb + Noun Pickpocket, Runway Verb-ing + Noun Waiting room, Driving licence Noun + Adverb Passers-by, Looker-on Preposition + Noun Underground, Afternoon Rules regarding Classification of Noun A. Proper Noun vs Common Noun Proper Noun  নির্দিষ্ট নাম বোঝায় (যেমন: Dhaka, July), আর Common Noun  সাধারণ নাম বোঝায় (যেমন: City, Month)। Proper Noun এর পূর্বে সাধারণত Article বসে না। তবে তুলনা বোঝালে বা নির্দিষ্ট অর্থে Common Noun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে Article বসতে পারে। Example:  Nazrul is the Byron  of Bangladesh. (এখানে Byron হলো Common Noun)। B. Common Noun vs Collective Noun Collective Noun  সমষ্টি বোঝায় (যেমন: Team, Jury, Cattle), আর Common Noun  সাধারণ নাম বোঝায় (যেমন: Player, Judge, Cow)। Rule:  Collective Noun যদি বিভক্ত হয়ে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন মত পোষণ করে (Noun of Multitude), তবে তা Plural Verb গ্রহণ করে। Example:  The jury were  divided in their opinion. C. Material Noun Material Noun দ্বারা বস্তুর উপাদান বোঝায় যা গণনা করা যায় না (Water, Gold, Wood)। Rule:  Material Noun এর পূর্বে সাধারণত Article বসে না এবং Verb টি Singular হয়। তবে নির্দিষ্ট স্থানের বা প্রকারের বোঝালে 'The' বসে এবং তখন তা Common Noun হয়ে যায়। Example:  The water  of the Ganges is sacred. D. Abstract Noun Abstract Noun ধরা বা ছোঁয়া যায় না (Love, Kindness, Honesty)। Abstract Noun Formation: Common Noun থেকে: Boy -> Boyhood, Hero -> Heroism. Verb থেকে: Know -> Knowledge, Grow -> Growth. Adjective থেকে: Poor -> Poverty, Happy -> Happiness. E. Verbal Noun Verb এর সাথে 'ing' যুক্ত হয়ে যদি Noun এর কাজ করে এবং তার পূর্বে 'The' ও পরে 'of' থাকে, তাকে Verbal Noun বলে। Structure:  The + Verb-ing + of Example:   The reading of  history is interesting. F. Compound Noun একাধিক শব্দ মিলে একটি Noun এর কাজ করলে তাকে Compound Noun বলে। Examples:  Toothbrush, Bedroom, Passer-by, Brother-in-law. TRANSFORMATION OF NOUNS 1. Transformation of Proper Noun to Common Noun Normally, Proper Nouns (names of specific people or places) do not take articles (A, An, The) before them. However, under certain conditions, they function as Common Nouns. Rule A: Use of Articles or "The ... of" Structure If an article ( A, An, The ) is placed before a Proper Noun, or if it sits in the structure "The + Proper Noun + of" , it transforms into a Common Noun. Rule B: Pluralization If a Proper Noun is made plural (e.g., adding 's' or 'es'), it becomes a Common Noun because it no longer refers to a unique individual but to a class of people sharing that name. Example:   Rahims, Sumons . Rule C: Comparison (Metaphorical Use) When a Proper Noun is used to compare someone to a famous figure (attributing their qualities), the famous name acts as a Common Noun. Examples from the text: Nelson Mandela is an Abraham Lincoln in his ideals.   Analysis:  Here, "Abraham Lincoln" is used as a common noun to mean "a leader with Lincoln's ideals." Bankim Chandra is the Scott of Bengal.   Analysis:  "The Scott" refers to Sir Walter Scott, used here to classify Bankim Chandra as a similar type of writer. I know the Rahims of your village.   Analysis:  "The Rahims" refers to multiple people named Rahim, making it common. Kazi Nazrul Islam is the Shelley of Bangladesh.   Analysis:  Comparing Nazrul to P.B. Shelley. A Newton is not born every year.   Analysis:  "A Newton" means a scientist of Newton's caliber. There are two Saifuls in my class.   Analysis:  Pluralized proper noun indicating two individuals with the same name. Nazrul is the Byron of Bangladesh.   2. Transformation of Collective Noun to Common Noun A Collective Noun refers to a group as a single unit (e.g., Class, Team). It becomes a Common Noun if it is counted or pluralized. Rule:  If a number is placed before a Collective Noun, or if s/es  is added to make it plural, it becomes a Common Noun. Examples from the text: Class → Classes   Team → Two teams   Twelve teams will participate in the tournament.   Analysis:  "Teams" is plural, referring to multiple distinct groups, thus acting as a Common Noun. The armies of the allies came in time.   Analysis:  "Armies" is the plural form of the collective noun "Army." 3. Transformation of Common Noun to Abstract Noun A Common Noun (like 'mother', 'father', 'beast') refers to the entity itself. However, it can transform into an Abstract Noun when it refers to the quality  or feeling  associated with that entity rather than the person or animal. Rule:  If a Common Noun is used to express a qualitative characteristic ( গুণগত বৈশিষ্ট্য), it becomes an Abstract Noun. Examples from the text: I love my father (Common Noun) → I know the father in him (Abstract Noun).   Analysis:  "The father in him" refers to his fatherly affection  or paternity , not a physical person. The mother in her arose at the sight of the poor boy.   Analysis:  "The mother" here refers to motherly love  or maternal instinct . Check the beast in you.   Analysis:  "The beast" refers to beastly nature  or cruelty . 4. Transformation of Abstract Noun to Common Noun Abstract Nouns (qualities like kindness, justice) are usually uncountable. They become Common Nouns when they refer to specific instances, types, or people holding a title. Rule:  When preceded by an article or referring to a concrete instance/person. Examples from the text: The charity of Hatem Tai is known to all.   Analysis:  Refers to specific acts or the specific quality possessed by Hatem Tai. The kindness of Mohsin has become a proverb.   He is a justice of the peace.   Analysis:  "Justice" here refers to a judge  (a person), not the concept of fairness. He is a justice of the High Court.   There are four justices present.   Analysis:  Pluralized abstract noun referring to people (judges). He is a danger to the country.   Analysis:  "Danger" usually an abstract concept, here refers to a "dangerous person." 5. Transformation of Material Noun to Common Noun Material nouns (substances like water, rice, wood) are uncountable. They become Common Nouns when they are particularized or refer to objects made of the material. Rule:  When a Material Noun is specific (often using "The ... of" ) or refers to a counted unit. Examples from the text: The rice of Dinajpur is fine.   Analysis:  "Rice" is normally material, but here it specifies a particular type/source (of Dinajpur), functioning as a Common Noun. Drive the nail into the table.   Analysis:  "Nail" is a common noun object made from the material "Iron" (implied context from earlier material noun examples in the text).

Previous Questions DU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the verb form of the word 'Conversation'? [DU-HEC: 24-25] (A) Conversant (B) Converse (C) Conversation (D) Convert Ans: (B) Explanation:  Conversation (আলাপ, কথোপকথন)-এর verb form হচ্ছে converse (আলাপ করা, কথাবার্তা বলা)। 02. Which of the following sentences has an interjection in it? [DU-B: 23-24] (A) Well, it is time to say good bye. (B) He studied hard, yet he could not pass the test. (C) This is not what I meant. (D) Do you know where the playful penguins live? Ans: (A) Explanation:  অপশন (A)-তে 'Well' শব্দটি দ্বারা আকস্মিক অনুভূতি প্রকাশিত হওয়ায় এটি interjection-এর কাজ করেছে। অপশন (B)-তে 'yet' conjunction এবং অপশন (C)-তে 'what' relative pronoun হিসেবে কাজ করেছে। 03. The noun form of the word 'waste' is- [DU-B: 21-22] (A) wasting (B) wastage (C) wasteful (D) waste Ans: (B) Explanation:  Waste শব্দটি noun এবং verb উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। Waste ক্রিয়া (verb) বোঝালে তার অর্থ 'অপচয় করা' এবং সেক্ষেত্রে noun হবে wastage। অন্যদিকে, waste বিশেষ্য (noun) বোঝালে তার অর্থ 'আবর্জনা'। প্রশ্নের অপশন অনুযায়ী wastage সঠিক। 04. The verb form of the noun 'humanity' is: [DU-E: 21-22] (A) human (B) humane (C) humanitarian (D) humanize Ans: (D) Explanation:  Humanity শব্দটি noun; এর verb form হলো humanize। (Humane - adjective). 05. The noun of 'bore' is- [DU-A: 20-21] (A) boring (B) bores (C) bored (D) boredom Ans: (D) Explanation:  Bore অর্থ বিরক্ত করা। এর noun form হবে boredom (বিরক্তি)। 06. The noun of 'excite' is- [DU-A: 19-20] (A) excitable (B) exciting (C) excited (D) excitement Ans: (D) Explanation:  Excite (উত্তেজিত করা) হলো verb, এর noun form হবে excitement (উত্তেজনা)। 07. The word category of 'foment' is- [DU-A: 19-20] (A) adjective (B) verb (C) noun (D) adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Foment (verb) - উসকে দেওয়া, উদ্দীপিত করা। এর noun form হবে fomentation. 08. Which word is not used as a verb? [DU-D: 18-19] (A) Lose (B) Rise (C) Loose (D) Flood Ans: (C) Explanation:  Loose (আলগা বা ঢিলা) একটি adjective। বাকি সবগুলো verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। 09. The word 'tormentor' is- [DU-D(re-exam): 18-19] (A) a noun (B) an adjective (C) a verb (D) an adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Tormentor (যে ব্যক্তি যন্ত্রণা দেয়) একটি noun। এর verb form হলো torment। 10. The verb form of the noun "Origin" is- [DU-B: 17-18] (A) Origin (B) Original (C) Originated (D) Originate Ans: (D) Explanation:  Origin অর্থ উৎস। Originate (verb) অর্থ উৎপত্তি হওয়া। 11. What is the noun form of the word 'pronounce'? [DU-A: 17-18] (A) pronunciation (B) pronounciation (C) pronountiation (D) pronounciasion Ans: (A) Explanation:  Pronounce (verb) এর noun form হলো Pronunciation (উচ্চারণ)। বানানে 'n' এর পর শুধু 'u' হবে, 'ou' নয়। 12. The noun of 'deter' is- [DU-D: 17-18] (A) deterrence (B) deterrential (C) detention (D) detour Ans: (A) Explanation:  Deter (বাধাগ্রস্ত করা) এর noun form হলো deterrence (প্রতিবন্ধকতা)। 13. The noun form of 'arrive' is- [DU-A: 17-18] (A) arrival (B) arriving (C) arrived (D) arrives Ans: (A) Explanation:  Arrive (v.) অর্থ আগমন করা। এর noun form হবে arrival (আগমন)। 14. What is the verb form of the word 'acquisition'? [DU-A: 16-17] (A) acquiesce (B) acquisite (C) acquire (D) acquirement Ans: (C) Explanation:  Acquisition (noun) - অর্জন। Acquire (verb) - অর্জন করা। 15. What is the noun form of the word 'defer'? [DU-A: 16-17, C: 13-14] (A) deference (B) deferment (C) difference (D) deferrant Ans: (B) Explanation:  Defer অর্থ স্থগিত করা; deferment - স্থগিতকরণ। (Difference হলো differ এর noun)। 16. The word 'Reminisce' is- [DU-B: 15-16] (A) a verb (B) an adjective (C) a noun (D) an adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Reminisce শব্দটি verb (স্মৃতিচারণ করা)। এর noun form হচ্ছে reminiscence। 17. The noun of 'predict' is- [DU-B: 13-14] (A) predictable (B) predicting (C) prediction (D) predicted Ans: (C) Explanation:  Predict (verb)-এর noun form হচ্ছে prediction (ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী)। 18. The noun form of 'grand' is- [DU-A: 11-12] (A) grandless (B) grandsome (C) grandeur (D) grand Ans: (C) Explanation:  Grand (adj.) অর্থ জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ। এর noun form হলো grandeur (জাঁকজমক)। 19. The word 'reproduction' is- [DU-D: 03-04] (A) an adjective (B) a verb (C) an adverb (D) a noun Ans: (D) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে -tion, -sion ইত্যাদি থাকলে সেটি noun হয়। 20. What is the noun of the verb 'Depart'? [DU-C: 97-98] (A) Departed (B) Department (C) Departing (D) Departure Ans: (D) Explanation:  Depart (v.) অর্থ প্রস্থান করা। এর noun form হলো departure (প্রস্থান)। 21. The verb form of 'civilization' is- [DU 7-college, Humanities: 20-21] (A) civilize (B) civil (C) civilized (D) civilian Ans: (A) Explanation:  Civilize (v) - সভ্য করা। এর noun form হলো civilization. 22. What is the verb form of the noun 'ability'? [DU-HEC: 23-24] (A) Ably (B) Enable (C) Enabler (D) Ability Ans: (B) Explanation:  Ability (Noun) এর verb form হলো Enable. JnU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the abstract noun form of the word 'coward'? [JnU-E: 17-18] (A) cowardice (B) cowardness (C) cowardy (D) cowardful Ans: (A) Explanation:  Coward (common noun)-এর abstract noun form হবে Cowardice (ভীরুতা)। 02. The word 'productivity' is a/an- [JnU-B: 16-17] (A) adjective (B) adverb (C) verb (D) noun Ans: (D) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'ity' suffix থাকলে তা সাধারণত noun হয়। 03. The word 'idolize' is- [JnU: 14-15] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adverb (D) an adjective Ans: (B) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে -ize/-ise থাকলে তা সাধারণত verb হয়। 04. The word 'proportionate' is- [JnU-B: 2012-13] (A) a noun (B) an adverb (C) an adjective (D) a verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'ate' suffix থাকলে তা adjective হয় (context ভেদে verb-ও হতে পারে, তবে proportionate সাধারণত adjective)। 05. The verb of the word 'response' is- [JnU-D: 2010-11] (A) responsible (B) responsibility (C) respond (D) respondent Ans: (C) Explanation:  Response (n.)-এর verb form হলো respond (সাড়া দেওয়া)। JU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The Earth revolves round the sun. Here 'round' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) verb (B) adverb (C) preposition (D) adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Round' এখানে noun (the sun)-এর পূর্বে বসে preposition হিসেবে কাজ করছে। 02. I have had enough of this. Here 'enough' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) noun (B) preposition (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Transitive verb (had)-এর object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হওয়ায় 'enough' এখানে noun। 03. He boasts too much. Here 'much' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) pronoun (B) verb (C) adverb (D) adjective Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Much' শব্দটি verb (boasts)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 04. He is no more. Here 'no' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) adjective (B) preposition (C) adverb (D) conjunction Ans: (C) Explanation:  'No' শব্দটি adjective (more)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 05. One day I met her in the park. Here 'one' is a/an- [JU-A: 24-25] (A) pronoun (B) noun (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  'One' শব্দটি noun (day)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adjective। 06. The noun form of the word 'Please' is: [JU-C: 24-25] (A) Pleasing (B) Pleased (C) Pleasure (D) Pleaseness Ans: (C) Explanation:  Please (verb)-এর noun form হচ্ছে pleasure (সন্তুষ্টি)। 07. The prefix 'over' can be added to: [JU-C: 24-25] (A) information (B) culture (C) space (D) load Ans: (D) Explanation:  Over + load = Overload (অতিরিক্ত বোঝা চাপানো)। 08. Verb of 'Number' is- [JU-B: 18-19] (A) number (B) numbering (C) numeric (D) numberate Ans: (A) Explanation:  Number শব্দটি noun ও verb উভয় হিসেবেই ব্যবহৃত হয়। 09. Verb of 'Mind' is- [JU-B: 18-19] (A) Mind (B) Mindly (C) Mindset (D) Mindwash Ans: (A) Explanation:  Mind শব্দটি noun ও verb উভয় হিসেবে কাজ করতে পারে। 10. Verb of 'Master' is- [JU-B: 18-19] (A) Mister (B) mistress (C) Mastery (D) Master Ans: (D) Explanation:  Master (noun) এর verb form-ও master (দক্ষতা অর্জন করা/নিয়ন্ত্রণে আনা)। 11. The noun for the word "appreciative" is- [JU-C: 18-19] (A) appreciate (B) appreciable (C) appreciation (D) appreciatively Ans: (C) Explanation:  Appreciative (adj)-এর noun form হলো appreciation। RU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. I use this room most. The underlined word is- [RU-A: 24-25] (A) a verb (B) an adverb (C) an adjective (D) a pronoun Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Most' শব্দটি use (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি Adverb। 02. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an- [RU-A: 23-24] (A) adjective (B) adverb (C) preposition (D) conjunction Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Down' শব্দটি went (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 03. What parts of speech is 'massive' in the phrase 'massive diasporas'? [RU-A: 23-24] (A) Noun (B) Verb (C) Adverb (D) Adjective Ans: (D) Explanation:  Diaspora (noun)-এর পূর্বে বসে তাকে modify করায় massive শব্দটি adjective। 04. The noun of the word 'Transcend' is- [RU-B: 21-22] (A) Transcendent (B) Transcending (C) Transcendence (D) Transcendental Ans: (C) Explanation:  Transcend (verb)-এর Noun form হলো Transcendence (উৎকর্ষ)। 05. The verb form of the word 'Poor' is- [RU-B: 21-22] (A) Improvised (B) Impoverish (C) Impoorify (D) Poverty Ans: (B) Explanation:  Poor (Adj)-এর verb form Impoverish (দরিদ্র করা)। (Noun: Poverty). 06. Verb of 'Honour' is- [RU-B: 21-22] (A) Honour (B) Honourary (C) Honourable (D) Honourably Ans: (A) Explanation:  Honour শব্দটি Noun এবং Verb উভয় হিসেবেই ব্যবহৃত হয়। 07. Find the noun form of 'wide': [RU-C: 21-22] (A) widely (B) widen (C) width (D) wide Ans: (C) Explanation:  Wide (adj.)-এর noun form হলো width (প্রস্থ)। 08. The noun form of 'retrieve' is- [RU-C: 20-21] (A) retriever (B) retribution (C) retrieved (D) retrieval Ans: (D) Explanation:  Retrieve (v) এর noun form হলো Retrieval (পুনরুদ্ধার)। 09. Which is the suffix of 'Book'? [RU-B: 20-21] (A) let (B) ledge (C) able (D) A and C Ans: (D) Explanation:  Book-এর সাথে -let (booklet) এবং -able (bookable) উভয়ই যুক্ত হতে পারে। 10. The noun form of 'universal' is: [RU-A: 18-19] (A) universalty (B) university (C) unversiality (D) universality Ans: (D) Explanation:  Universal (adj)-এর noun form হলো universality (সর্বজনীনতা)। 11. What is the adjective form of 'money'? [RU-J: 17-18] (A) moneytary (B) monetary (C) economical (D) financial Ans: (B) Explanation:  Money-এর adjective form হলো 'monetary' (আর্থিক)। 12. What part of speech is 'readiness'? [RU-J: 17-18] (A) Verb (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Noun Ans: (D) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে -ness থাকলে তা Noun হয়। 13. The essential part of a sentence is- [RU-I: 15-16] (A) noun (B) verb (C) head words (D) object Ans: (B) Explanation:  Finite verb ছাড়া বাক্য গঠন সম্ভব নয়, তাই এটি essential part। 14. Verb of the word 'full' is- [RU-G: 15-16] (A) filled (B) fulfillment (C) fill (D) full Ans: (C) Explanation:  Full (adj.)-এর verb form হলো fill (পূর্ণ করা)। 15. The adjective form of 'cow' is- [RU-E: 15-16] (A) bovine (B) oxen (C) vixen (D) equine Ans: (A) Explanation:  Cow-এর adjective হলো bovine (গাভী সম্বন্ধীয়)। 16. The noun of 'imagine' is- [RU-A: 15-16] (A) imagination (B) imaginary (C) imaginable (D) image Ans: (A) Explanation:  Imagine (v.)-এর noun form হলো imagination। 17. The verb of 'hard' is- [RU-A: 15-16] (A) harder (B) hardy (C) hardly (D) harden Ans: (D) Explanation:  Hard (adj.)-এর verb form হলো harden (শক্ত করা)। 18. Change the word 'Little' into verb. [RU-A: 14-15] (A) enlittle (B) belittle (C) littening (D) enlitten Ans: (B) Explanation:  Little-এর verb form হলো belittle (খাটো করা)। 19. What is the noun form of the word 'urgent'? [RU-A: 14-15] (A) urgence (B) urgentness (C) urination (D) urgency Ans: (D) Explanation:  Urgent (adj.)-এর noun form হলো urgency। 20. Which part of speech is 'magnificent'? [RU-A: 14-15] (A) Adverb (B) Adjective (C) Preposition (D) Noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'ent' থাকলে সাধারণত adjective হয়। 21. What part of speech is 'rare'? [RU-A: 13-14] (A) adverb (B) adjective (C) preposition (D) noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Rare (বিরল) একটি adjective। 22. 'Please, come again.' Here please is- [RU-A: 12-13] (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Conjunction (D) Pronoun Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Please' এখানে পুরো বাক্যকে modify করছে, তাই এটি sentence adverb। 23. Which one is an adverb? [RU-A: 12-13] (A) good (B) well (C) bad (D) wrong Ans: (B) Explanation:  Good (adj.)-এর adverb হলো well (ভালোভাবে)। 24. The correct derivative of 'strike' is- [RU-Law: 12-13] (A) striking (B) struck (C) stroke (D) strook Ans: (C) Explanation:  Strike (verb)-এর Noun form হলো Stroke (আঘাত)। (Struck হলো past form)। 25. The word "propel" is a/an- [RU-D: 12-13] (A) noun (B) verb (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Propel (সামনের দিকে চালিত করা) একটি verb। 26. What is the adjective of 'break'? [RU-A: 11-12] (A) Breaker (B) Breaking (C) Breach (D) Breakable Ans: (D) Explanation:  Break (v.)-এর adjective হলো breakable (ভঙ্গুর)। 27. The correct verb form of the word 'valid' is- [RU-B: 11-12] (A) validify (B) validize (C) validate (D) envalidate Ans: (C) Explanation:  Valid (adj.)-এর verb form হলো validate (বৈধতা দেওয়া)। 28. 'Popular' শব্দটির verb form হবে- [RU-A: 11-12] (A) Popularity (B) Population (C) Popularise (D) People Ans: (C) Explanation:  Popular-এর verb form হলো Popularise/Popularize (জনপ্রিয় করা)। 29. The adjective form of the word 'moon' is- [RU-B: 11-12] (A) linear (B) loner (C) lunar (D) lunatic Ans: (C) Explanation:  Moon-এর adjective হলো lunar (চন্দ্র সম্পর্কিত)। 30. The verb of 'length' is- [RU-B: 11-12] (A) lengthwise (B) lengthen (C) long (D) longitude Ans: (B) Explanation:  Length (n.)-এর verb form হলো lengthen (দীর্ঘায়িত করা)। 31. Adjective of 'width' is- [RU-B: 11-12] (A) widen (B) wider (C) wide (D) none of this Ans: (C) Explanation:  Width (n.)-এর adjective form হলো wide (প্রশস্ত)। CU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The book was released after it got final ----- from the author. [CU-B: 24-25] (A) approved (B) approving (C) approval (D) approve Ans: (C) Explanation:  Adjective (final)-এর পরে noun form বসে। Approve-এর noun হলো approval। 02. 'Auction' takes the suffix '----' [CU-B: 24-25] (A) -eer (B) -or (C) -ant (D) -ism Ans: (A) Explanation:  Auction + eer = Auctioneer (নিলামকারী)। 03. He was ----- without a trial. [CU-B: 24-25] (A) enprisoned (B) unprisoned (C) imprisoned (D) none Ans: (C) Explanation:  সঠিক verb হলো imprison, যার past participle হলো imprisoned (কারারুদ্ধ)। 04. "His bravery inspired others." Here 'bravery' is: [CU-D: 23-24] (A) noun (B) verb (C) adjective (D) adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  Possessive adjective (His)-এর পর noun বসে। Bravery হলো noun। 05. The verb form of the word 'social' is- [CU-D: 19-20] (A) sociology (B) society (C) socialize (D) societal Ans: (C) Explanation:  Social (adj.)-এর verb form হলো socialize (সামাজিকীকরণ করা)। 06. The verb of 'saturation' is- [CU-H: 2010-11] (A) satyr (B) saturate (C) saturn (D) saturnine Ans: (B) Explanation:  Saturation (n.)-এর verb form হলো saturate (সম্পৃক্ত করা)। 07. The word 'manly' is- [CU-A: 2006-07] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adjective (D) an adverb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Noun (Man) + ly = Adjective (Manly)। 08. The 'adjective' form of the word 'sustain' is- [CU-D: 03-04] (A) sustained (B) sustainer (C) sustainable (D) sustaining Ans: (C) Explanation:  Sustain-এর adjective হলো sustainable (টেকসই)। 09. The word 'enlarge' is- [CU-C: 03-04] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (D) Explanation:  Enlarge (বড় করা/সম্প্রসারিত করা) একটি verb। 10. Choose the noun form of the verb 'combine' from the given options. [CU-D: 02-03] (A) combined (B) combining (C) combination (D) combinate Ans: (C) Explanation:  Combine-এর noun form হলো combination। 11. The word 'Democracy' is a- [CU-A: 02-03] (A) Noun (B) Adverb (C) Verb (D) Adjective Ans: (A) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'cy' থাকলে সাধারণত noun হয়। Democracy (গণতন্ত্র)। KU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following can be used as a verb? [KU-B: 24-25] (A) Mister (B) Master (C) Mistress (D) Mastery Ans: (B) Explanation:  Master শব্দটি Noun ও Verb (দক্ষতা অর্জন করা) উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. Which part of speech expresses a strong emotion of surprise? [KU-D: 24-25] (A) Adjective (B) Interjection (C) Verb (D) Adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Interjection আবেগ বা বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করে। 03. The post must be manned immediately. Here the underlined word is- [KU-B: 19-20] (A) a noun (B) a verb (C) an adverb (D) an adjective Ans: (B) Explanation:  এখানে 'manned' verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (লোকবল নিয়োগ করা)। 04. Unless you work hard, you will not succeed. Here 'unless' is used as- [KU-A: 17-18] (A) conjunction (B) Noun (C) Adjective (D) Preposition Ans: (A) Explanation:  Unless দুটি clause কে যুক্ত করায় এটি conjunction। 05. The noun form of the word 'dismiss' is- [KU-A: 2011-12] (A) dismissness (B) dismissal (C) dismissing (D) dismissary Ans: (B) Explanation:  Dismiss (verb)-এর noun form হলো dismissal। CoU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which prefix is appropriate with the word 'soluble'? [CoU-A: 24-25] (A) in- (B) un- (C) mis- (D) im- Ans: (A) Explanation:  Soluble (দ্রবণীয়) -> Insoluble (অদ্রবণীয়)। 02. He can read book extensively. Here "extensively" is used as- [CoU-A: 24-25] (A) Verb (B) Adverb (C) Adjective (D) Noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Adjective + ly = Adverb. Extensively শব্দটি verb (read)-কে modify করছে। 03. What is the adjective form of the word obligate? [CoU-A: 24-25] (A) Obligator (B) Obligate (C) Obligatory (D) Obligation Ans: (C) Explanation:  Obligate-এর adjective form হলো Obligatory (বাধ্যতামূলক)। 04. 'Wind the watch'- the underlined word is an example of: [CoU-B: 19-20] (A) Adjective (B) Interjection (C) verb (D) Noun Ans: (C) Explanation:  Imperative sentence-এ 'Wind' (ঘোরানো) verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। SUST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. He is very generous. Here 'generous' is- [SUST-A: 16-17] (A) adjective (B) noun (C) verb (D) adverb Ans: (A) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে -ous থাকলে তা adjective হয়। Generous (উদার/দয়ালু)। HSTU Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. What is the verb of 'Error'? [HSTU-A: 24-25] (A) Errand (B) Errant (C) Erratic (D) Err Ans: (D) Explanation:  Error (Noun)-এর verb form হলো Err (ভুল করা)। 02. What is the noun form of the verb 'advise'? [HSTU-B: 24-25] (A) advice (B) advisable (C) advisible (D) advise Ans: (A) Explanation:  Advise (s দিয়ে) হলো verb, এবং Advice (c দিয়ে) হলো noun (পরামর্শ)। 03. Akbar still works in that office. The underlined word is- [HSTU-D: 24-25] (A) Adjective (B) Adverb (C) Preposition (D) Conjunction Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Still' এখানে verb (works)-কে modify করায় adverb। 04. Identify the correct compound word - Noun + Adjective. [HSTU-C: 13-14] (A) Lock-up (B) Snow-white (C) left-over (D) sweet-heart Ans: (B) Explanation:  Snow (Noun) + white (Adjective) = Snow-white. GST Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. Which of the following word can be used as both verb and noun? [GST-B: 24-25] (A) waste (B) Bear (C) pretend (D) famous Ans: (A) Explanation:  Waste শব্দটি Noun (বর্জ্য) এবং Verb (অপচয় করা) উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। 02. The adjective of 'rigidity' is- [IU-B: 19-20] (A) rigor (B) rigid (C) rigorous (D) rigidness Ans: (B) Explanation:  Rigidity (n.)-এর adjective হলো rigid (দৃঢ়)। 03. What part of speech is 'extraordinary'? [IU-C: 19-20] (A) Noun (B) Adjective (C) Verb (D) Adverb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Extraordinary (অসাধারণ) একটি adjective। 04. What is the verb of "bath"? [IU-C: 18-19] (A) bathe (B) bathen (C) bathed (D) bathing Ans: (A) Explanation:  Bath (n.)-এর verb form হলো bathe (গোসল করা)। 05. What is the noun of 'terminate'? [IU-B: 18-19] (A) terminal (B) terminus (C) termination (D) none of the above Ans: (C) Explanation:  Terminate (v.)-এর noun হলো termination (সমাপ্তি)। 06. Noun of the word 'poor' is- [JKKNIU-D: 18-19] (A) poorify (B) poverty (C) poority (D) poorness Ans: (B) Explanation:  Poor (adj.)-এর noun form হলো poverty (দারিদ্র্য)। 07. The adjective of the word 'sea' is- [JKKNIU-B: 18-19] (A) Marine (B) Navy (C) Shipping (D) Ocean Ans: (A) Explanation:  Sea-এর adjective হলো marine (সামুদ্রিক)। 08. What is the noun of 'dense'? [JKKNIU-AP: 18-19] (A) density (B) densitiness (C) depth (D) densness Ans: (A) Explanation:  Dense (adj.)-এর noun হলো density (ঘনত্ব)। 09. The word 'Gravity' is- [BRUR-B: 16-17] (A) A gerund (B) A noun (C) A verb (D) An adjective Ans: (B) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'ty' থাকলে সাধারণত noun হয়। 10. What is the verb form of 'person'? [BU-14-15] (A) personed (B) emperson (C) personify (D) none Ans: (C) Explanation:  Person-এর verb form হলো personify (ব্যক্তিত্ব আরোপ করা)। 11. The noun form of 'evident' is- [BU-14-15] (A) evidentness (B) evidency (C) evidence (D) evidenture Ans: (C) Explanation:  Evident (adj.)-এর noun হলো evidence (প্রমাণ)। 12. The noun form of the word "Hate" is- [MBSTU-E: 13-14] (A) Hatred (B) Hateful (C) Hated (D) Hatefully Ans: (A) Explanation:  Hate (v.)-এর noun form হলো Hatred (ঘৃণা)। 13. The word "adjective" is a/an - [BRUR-F: 12-13] (A) Pronoun (B) Noun (C) Adjective (D) Verb Ans: (B) Explanation:  Adjective শব্দটি একটি parts of speech এর নাম, তাই এটি নিজে একটি Noun। 14. What part of speech is the word 'close'? [PUST-A: 2009-10] (A) verb (B) verb, noun and adjective (C) adjective (D) noun Ans: (B) Explanation:  Close শব্দটি Verb (বন্ধ করা), Noun (সমাপ্তি) এবং Adjective (কাছাকাছি/ঘনিষ্ঠ) সবভাবেই ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। 15. What is the verb-form of 'poverty'? [SUST-B: 2008-09] (A) poverty stricken (B) povert (C) povertive (D) impoverish Ans: (D) Explanation:  Poverty (n.)-এর verb form হলো impoverish (দরিদ্র করা)। 16. What is the noun of the word 'Repeat'? [PUST-BBA: 2008-09] (A) Repeated (B) Repetition (C) Repetitious (D) Repetitive Ans: (B) Explanation:  Repeat (v.)-এর noun form হলো Repetition (পুনরাবৃত্তি)। 17. The adjective of the word 'Village' is- [PUST-A: 2006-07] (A) Villager (B) Pastoral (C) Rural (D) Urban Ans: (C) Explanation:  Village-এর adjective হলো Rural (গ্রামীণ)। (Pastoral-ও হয়, তবে Rural বেশি প্রচলিত)। MBBS-BDS-AFMC Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. The term 'Bravo' is- [MBBS: 24-25] (A) a conjunction (B) an adverb (C) an interjection (D) a preposition Ans: (C) Explanation:  Bravo, alas ইত্যাদি আবেগসূচক শব্দগুলো Interjection। 02. The adverb of the noun 'rotation' is- [MBBS: 24-25] (A) rotatory (B) rotating (C) rotationally (D) rotational Ans: (C) Explanation:  Rotation (noun) -> Rotational (adj) -> Rotationally (adverb)। 03. "She is very sincere in studies". Here 'sincere' is- [Diploma in Nursing: 24-25] (A) an adjective (B) an adverb (C) a verb (D) a noun Ans: (A) Explanation:  'Sincere' শব্দটি subject (she)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি Adjective। 04. We work every day except Friday. What part of speech is 'except'? [MBBS: 23-24] (A) adjective (B) conjunction (C) adverb (D) preposition Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Except' এখানে 'ব্যতীত' অর্থে Preposition হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 05. The noun form of 'move' is: [Diploma in Nursing: 23-24] (A) move on (B) moved (C) movement (D) moving Ans: (C) Explanation:  Move (verb) -> Movement (noun)। 06. Past participle form of the word 'Cost' is- [BSc-Nursing: 22-23] (A) costem (B) costed (C) cost (D) coatend Ans: (C) Explanation:  Cost-এর তিনটি form একই: Cost - Cost - Cost। 07. What is the 'noun' form of the word 'beneficial'? [MBBS: 21-22] (A) beneficiary (B) beneficent (C) beneficialness (D) benefit Ans: (D) Explanation:  Beneficial (adj)-এর noun form হলো benefit (সুবিধা)। 08. Noun form of the word 'long' is- [BSc-Nursing: 21-22] (A) longest (B) lengthen (C) longer (D) length Ans: (D) Explanation:  Long (adj) -> Length (noun)। 09. Verb of the word 'apology' is- [Nursing Diploma: 21-22] (A) apological (B) apologity (C) enapology (D) apologize Ans: (D) Explanation:  Apology (n.) -> Apologize (v.) - ক্ষমা চাওয়া। 10. Which one of the following is not a noun? [MBBS: 19-20] (A) Childhood (B) Purity (C) Loneliness (D) Fairly Ans: (D) Explanation:  Fairly শব্দটি adverb। বাকিগুলো noun। 11. What is the adjective form of the word home? [MBBS: 18-19] (A) homelike (B) homely (C) homeful (D) homage Ans: (B) Explanation:  Home + ly = Homely (Adjective)। 12. Correct adjective of the word 'Contempt' is- [MBBS: 18-19] (A) Contemptation (B) Contemptible (C) Contemptable (D) Contempting Ans: (B) Explanation:  Contempt (n.)-এর adjective হলো contemptible (ঘৃণ্য)। 13. The doctor took the 'round' in the hospital. Here 'round' is a/an- [MBBS: 17-18] (A) Adverb (B) Verb (C) Adjective (D) Noun Ans: (D) Explanation:  Article 'the'-এর পরে বসায় 'round' শব্দটি এখানে noun। BCS-Bank-All Job Questions & Answers with Explanations 01. She works hard. What part of speech is the underlined word? [48th BCS] (A) Adjective (B) Noun (C) Adverb (D) Verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  'Hard' শব্দটি work (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 02. In which sentence 'like' is used as a preposition? [46th BCS] (A) He likes to eat fish. (B) He laughs like his father does. (C) He climbed the tree like a cat. (D) Like minded people are necessary to start a business. Ans: (C) Explanation:  অপশন (C)-তে 'like' noun (a cat)-এর পূর্বে বসে preposition হিসেবে কাজ করছে। 03. He died following the incident. The underlined word is a/an- [46th BCS] (A) adjective (B) adverb (C) noun (D) preposition Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Following' এখানে 'after' বা 'পরে' অর্থে preposition হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। 04. What is the noun form of the word 'laugh'? [43rd BCS] (A) laughing (B) laughable (C) laughter (D) laughingly Ans: (C) Explanation:  Laugh (v.)-এর noun form হলো laughter (হাসি)। 05. What is the noun form of the word 'know'? [41st BCS] (A) knowing (B) knowledge (C) knowledgeable (D) known Ans: (B) Explanation:  Know (v.)-এর noun form হলো knowledge (জ্ঞান)। 06. 'I shall help you provided you obey me.' Here the underlined word is a/an- [41st BCS] (A) adverb (B) adjective (C) conjunction (D) verb Ans: (C) Explanation:  Provided (যদি) দুটি clause কে যুক্ত করায় এটি conjunction। 07. The warning of the authority falls on deaf ears. Here 'warning' does the function of- [39th Special BCS] (A) adverb (B) adjective (C) verb (D) noun Ans: (D) Explanation:  Article 'The' এবং preposition 'of'-এর মাঝে 'warning' শব্দটি noun (verbal noun) হিসেবে বসেছে। 08. Which of the following words has been formed with a prefix? [39th Special BCS] (A) amoral (B) authentic (C) amnesia (D) aspersion Ans: (A) Explanation:  Moral-এর সাথে 'a-' prefix যুক্ত হয়ে amoral (অনৈতিক) গঠিত হয়েছে। 09. The sun went down. The underlined word is used here as a/an- [38th BCS] (A) Preposition (B) Adverb (C) Noun (D) Conjunction Ans: (B) Explanation:  'Down' শব্দটি went (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 10. Frailty, thy name is women. Here 'Frailty' is- [37th BCS] (A) a noun (B) an adjective (C) an adverb (D) a verb Ans: (A) Explanation:  শব্দের শেষে 'ty' থাকলে noun হয়। Frailty (দুর্বলতা)। 11. The mother sat vigilantly beside the sick baby. Here 'vigilantly' is- [37th BCS] (A) a noun (B) an adverb (C) an adjective (D) none of the three Ans: (B) Explanation:  Vigilantly (সতর্কভাবে) শব্দটি sat (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 12. The verb of the word 'short' is- [28th BCS] (A) enshort (B) shorten (C) shorted (D) shorting Ans: (B) Explanation:  Short (adj.)-এর verb form হলো shorten (খাটো করা)। 13. Which is the noun of the word 'beautiful'? [27th BCS] (A) Beauty (B) Beautify (C) Beauteous (D) Beautifully Ans: (A) Explanation:  Beautiful (adj.)-এর noun হলো Beauty (সৌন্দর্য)। 14. 'The day of my sister's marriage is drawing near.' The underlined word is a/an- [25th BCS] (A) adjective (B) verb (C) preposition (D) adverb Ans: (D) Explanation:  'Near' এখানে draw (verb)-কে modify করছে, তাই এটি adverb। 15. What is the verb of the word 'Ability'? [11th BCS] (A) Ableness (B) Enable (C) Ably (D) Able Ans: (B) Explanation:  Ability (noun)-এর verb form হলো enable (সক্ষম করা)। 16. The adjective form of 'contempt' is- [বিটিভি, উপ-সহ, প্রকৌ., '২৩] (A) contemplation (B) contemptable (C) contemptible (D) contempt Ans: (C) Explanation:  Contempt-এর adjective হলো contemptible (ঘৃণ্য)। 17. The verb form of 'danger' is- [১৭তম প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন '২২] (A) dangered (B) endangered (C) endanger (D) indanger Ans: (C) Explanation:  Danger (বিপদ)-এর verb হলো endanger (বিপন্ন করা)। 18. Adjective form of 'ambition' is- [১৭তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন, স্কুল পর্যায় '২২] (A) ambitive (B) ambigious (C) ambitionally (D) ambitious Ans: (D) Explanation:  Ambition (উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষা)-এর adjective হলো ambitious (উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষী)। 1. The word 'empower' is - [সহকারী থানা/উপজেলা কর্মকর্তা (ATEO)-১০] A. an adjective B. a verb C. an adverb D. a noun Ans: B 2. Which is the adjective form of the word 'Heaven'? [শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (এবতেদায়ী প্রধান, .. ও কারী)-১০] A. Heavenness B. Heavinity C. Heavenly D. Heavned Ans: C 3. The word 'vital' is: [স্বরাষ্ট্র মন্ত্রণালয়ের কারা তত্ত্বাবধায়ক-১০] A. a noun B. an adverb C. an adjective D. a verb Ans: C 4. The word 'independence' is - [জাতীয় রাজস্ব বোর্ডের সহকারী রাজস্ব কর্মকর্তা-১২] A. a verb B. a noun C. a preposition D. an adjective Ans: B 5. The word 'orphanage (এতিমখানা)' is - [সহকারী পরিবার পরিকল্পনা কর্মকর্তা-১২] A. a verb B. an adjective C. a noun D. a adverb Ans: C 6. The word 'Gravity' is - [DU (C) 11-12, BRUR (B) 16-17, DPE সহকারী শিক্ষক (তৃতীয় পর্যায়)-১৮] A. a noun B. an adverb C. an adjective D. a verb E. a gerund Ans: A 7. The word 'beautify' is - [JnU (B) 13-14, সিনিয়র স্টাফ নার্স (বাতিলকৃত)-১৭] A. a noun B. a verb C. an adverb D. an adjective Ans: B 8. What part of speech is the word 'manly'? [১৪তম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন (২)-১৭] A. Noun B. Verb C. Adjective D. Adverb Ans: C 9. The word 'friendly' is a/an- [RU (A5) 12-13, BRTA এর মোটরযান পরিদর্শক-১৭] A. noun B. adjective C. adverb D. verb Ans: B 10. Homely শব্দটি কোন Parts of speech? [প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক-১৯, Medical 13-14, ইউনিয়ন সমাজকর্মী-১৬] The word 'homely' is a/an ----- [রাজশাহী কৃষি উন্নয়ন ব্যাংক (সুপারভাইজার)-১৪, ১৬তম প্রভাষক নিবন্ধন-১৯] A. Noun B. Adjective C. Verb D. Adverb Ans: B 11. Adjective form of 'miser (মাইজার)' is - [৯ম শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন-১৩] A. miserly B. miser C. misery D. measerly Ans: A 12. Coward শব্দটির adjective হচ্ছে- [প্রাথমিক সহকারী শিক্ষক-১০] A. Cerocious B. Coward C. Cowardly D. Cowardeous Ans: C 13. The adjective of 'love' is --- [RU (সমাজবিজ্ঞান) 05-06, জনশক্তি ও কর্মসংস্থান ব্যুরো উপপরিচালক-০১] A. lovely B. lovable C. loved D. lovingly Ans: A, B  (Note: Source indicates 'a,b'. Both 'lovely' and 'lovable' are adjectives). 14. 'Jealousy (জেলাছি)' is - [তথ্য মন্ত্রণালয়ের অধীনে তথ্য অফিসার-০৫] A. an adjective B. a pronoun C. a verb D. a noun Ans: D 15. Advice is a – [RU 09-10, প্রাথমিক প্রধান শিক্ষক-৯৯] A. verb B. noun C. adjective D. proverb Ans: B 16. The word 'tormentor' is - [DU (D) 18-19] A. a noun B. an adjective C. a verb D. an adverb Ans: A 17. The word 'clarify' is a/an [JnU (B) 17-18] A. adverb B. noun C. verb D. adjective Ans: C 18. Our teachers are very friendly and scholarly. Here the underlined words are — (আমাদের শিক্ষকগণ বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ এবং বিদ্যানুরাগী) [CU (D1, D2) 16-17] A. Adjectives B. Nouns C. Adverbs D. Prepositions Ans: A 19. Scholarly and friendly professors are considered to be effective pedagogues. Here the two underlined words are — [CU (D) 17-18] A. nouns B. adverbs C. determiners D. adjectives Ans: D 20. He actually wanted to have motherly affection from her. [BU (A, B) 12-13, JnU (A) 16-17] We are to consider his fatherly affection. 'Fatherly' is a/an - [KU (A) 13-14] A. noun B. adjective C. adverb D. none of these Ans: B 21. Their friendly behaviour pleased the guest. Here 'friendly' is - [BSMRSTU (গ) 11-12] A. an adverb B. a noun C. an adjective D. a conjunction Ans: C 22. What part of speech is 'readiness'? [RU (J) 17-18] A. Verb B. Adjective C. Adverb D. Noun Ans: D 23. Which one of the followings is both a noun and a verb? [COU (C) 16-17] A. Advice B. Practice C. Belief D. Study Ans: D 24. Which word can be used as both verb and noun? [RU (E) 18-19] A. boy B. master C. cattle D. none Ans: B 25. Extraordinary কোন Parts of speech? [Medical 16-17] A. Adverb B. Adjective C. Noun D. Pronoun Ans: B 26. Indicate the part of speech of the word 'WALLOP'. [RU H 16-17] A. Noun B. Adverb C. Preposition D. Verb Ans: A, D  (Note: 'Wallop' can be a noun (a heavy blow) or a verb (to hit hard). Source indicates 'a,d'). 27. Which of the following is a noun? [RU (F, অ-বাণিজ্য) 15-16] A. beautification B. beautify C. beautifully D. beautious Ans: A 28. I find it very unlikely. Which part of speech is the underlined word? [BU (B) 15-16] A. adjective B. adverb C. noun D. Pronoun Ans: A 29. The word 'propel' is- [RU (D-অবাণিজ্য) 14-15, IU G 15-16, BRUR C 16-17] A. a noun B. a verb C. an adjective D. an adverb Ans: B 30. The word 'neutral' is – [JnU (D) 09-10, RU (A-4) 12-13, JKKNIU ঘ 13-14, IU (C) 15-16] A. An adverb B. A noun C. An adjective D. A verb Ans: C 31. Which of the following words is not an adjective? [RU (F) 14-15] A. hostile B. metallic C. defend D. educational Ans: C  (Explanation: 'Defend' is a verb).

PARTS OF SPEECH ইংরেজি বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত প্রতিটি শব্দ তার অবস্থান অনুযায়ী বাক্যের অর্থ প্রকাশে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন কার্য সম্পাদন করে। বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত প্রতিটি শব্দের ভিন্ন ভিন্ন কার্য সম্পাদনের শ্রেণিভাগকে Parts of Speech  বলে। Traditional (প্রচলিত) Grammar  অনুযায়ী Parts of Speech আট প্রকার: Noun  (বিশেষ্য) Pronoun  (সর্বনাম) Adjective  (নাম বিশেষণ) Verb  (ক্রিয়া) Adverb  (ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ) Preposition  (পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়) Conjunction  (সংযোজক অব্যয়) Interjection  (আবেগসূচক অব্যয়) Definitions & Examples 01. Noun (বিশেষ্য): যে word কোনো ব্যক্তি, জাতি, সমষ্টি, বস্তু, স্থান, কাল, ভাব, কর্ম বা গুণের নাম বোঝায় তাকে Noun বলে। Examples:  Army, Dhaka, Tinni, Honey, Honesty, Idealism ইত্যাদি। 02. Pronoun (সর্বনাম): Noun এর পরিবর্তে যে word ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Pronoun বলে। Examples:  He, She, They, Myself, All, Who, Each other ইত্যাদি। 03. Adjective (বিশেষণ): যে word দ্বারা Noun বা Pronoun এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা, সংখ্যা, পরিমাণ ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করা হয়, তাকে Adjective বলা হয়। Examples:  Good, Bad, Pleasant, Unnatural, Two ইত্যাদি। 04. Verb (ক্রিয়া): যে word দ্বারা কোনো কাজ করা বোঝায় তাকে Verb বলে। Examples:  Go, Eat, Sleep, Buy, Sell, Read ইত্যাদি। 05. Adverb (ক্রিয়া বিশেষণ): যে word বাক্যে Noun বা Pronoun ব্যতীত Verb, Adjective অথবা অন্য কোনো Adverb, এমনকি সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যকে বিশেষিত (modify) করে তাকে Adverb বলে। Examples:  Always, Almost, Rarely, Generally, Quickly, Hardly ইত্যাদি। 06. Preposition (পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়): Pre অর্থ পূর্বে এবং position অর্থ অবস্থান। যে word বাক্যে Noun বা Pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত অন্য word এর সাথে সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে, তাকে Preposition বলা হয়। Examples:  Around, Between, Behind, Before, From, Inside, In, To, On, With ইত্যাদি। 07. Conjunction (সংযোজক অব্যয়): যে Part of Speech দুই বা ততোধিক word, phrase, clause বা sentence কে যুক্ত করে তাকে Conjunction বলে। Examples:  And, If, But, Or, Before, Still, As well as, Not only... but also ইত্যাদি। 08. Interjection (আবেগসূচক অব্যয়): যে word বাক্যে হর্ষ (আনন্দ), বিষাদ (দুঃখ), বিস্ময় প্রভৃতি আবেগ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Interjection বলে। Examples:  Wow!, Alas!, Oh!, Bravo! ইত্যাদি। Important Rules with Identification 1. Identification of Parts of Speech A. Identification of Noun কোনো word এর শেষে নিম্নলিখিত Suffix যুক্ত থাকলে সাধারণত তা Noun  হয়: Suffix Examples Suffix Examples -tion Education, Information, Action, Prediction -sion Confusion, Decision -ance Importance, Assistance -ence Adherence, Interference -ancy Pregnancy, Consultancy -ure Pleasure, Departure -ness Happiness, Kindness -ment Agreement, Payment -hood Childhood, Brotherhood -dom Boredom, Freedom -ity Brutality, Gravity -ty Beauty, Cruelty -er Driver, Writer -or Actor, Director -ist Capitalist, Socialist -ism Capitalism, Socialism -cy Accuracy, Democracy -ce Service -age Breakage, Postage -th Growth, Length -ship Friendship, Membership -ry/ery Slavery, Bravery, Dispensary -let Booklet -tude Servitude, Attitude -ee Employee, Trainee -al Arrival, Approval B. Identification of Adjective কোনো word এর শেষে নিম্নলিখিত Suffix যুক্ত থাকলে সাধারণত তা Adjective  হয়: Suffix Examples Suffix Examples -able/ible Portable, Flexible -ous Cautious, Famous -ive Active, Productive -ful Forgetful, Helpful -ant Reluctant, Instant -ic Classic, Poetic -ish British, Childish -less Homeless, Useless -en Broken, Golden -ian Canadian, Malaysian -ese Chinese, Japanese -ly Daily, Monthly C. Identification of Verb কোনো word এর শেষে নিম্নলিখিত Suffix যুক্ত থাকলে সাধারণত তা Verb  হয়: Suffix Examples -ate Complicate, Dominate -ify Beautify, Identify -en Harden, Shorten -ise/ize Economise, Industrialize Note:  শব্দের পূর্বে en-, em-, de- ইত্যাদি prefix যুক্ত করেও verb গঠিত হয়। (যেমন: Large -> Enlarge, Power -> Empower). D. Identification of Adverb কোনো word এর শেষে নিম্নলিখিত Suffix যুক্ত থাকলে সাধারণত তা Adverb  হয়: Suffix Examples -ly Easily, Quickly -ward(s) Downwards, Upwards -wise Anti-clockwise, Edgewise Note:  Adjective এর শেষে suffix হিসেবে -ly  যুক্ত হয়ে Adverb  গঠিত হয় (যেমন: Rapid -> Rapidly)। তবে, Noun এর শেষে suffix হিসেবে -ly  যুক্ত হয়ে Adjective  গঠিত হয় (যেমন: Mother -> Motherly)। 2. Transformation of Parts of Speech নিচে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু শব্দের Verb, Noun, Adjective এবং Adverb রূপ দেওয়া হলো: Verb Noun Adjective Adverb Accept Acceptance Acceptable Acceptably Accompany Accompaniment Accompanying - Add Addition Additional Additionally Advise Advice Advisable Advisably Agree Agreement Agreeable Agreeably Awe Awe Awful Awfully Attract Attraction Attractive Attractively Admire Admiration Admirable Admirably Enable Ability Able Ably Beautify Beauty Beautiful Beautifully Believe Belief Believable Believably Bleed Blood Bloody - Brighten Brightness Bright Brightly Broaden Breadth Broad Broadly Busy Busyness Busy Busily Centralize Centre Central Centrally Characterize Character Characteristic Characteristically Classify Class Classified Classifiably Encourage Courage Courageous Courageously Criticize Critic Critical Critically Clean Cleanness Clean Cleanly Conclude Conclusion Conclusive Conclusively Conspire Conspiracy Conspiring Conspiringly Confide Confidence Confident Confidently Continue Continuity Continuous Continuously Deepen Depth Deep Deeply Endanger Danger Dangerous Dangerously Discipline Discipline Disciplinary - Democratize Democracy Democratic Democratically Deceive Deception Deceptive Deceptively Define Definition Definite Definitely Decide Decision Decisive Decisively Describe Description Descriptive Descriptively Divide Division Divisive/Divided Divisionally Digest Digestion Digestive Digestively Dominate Domination Dominant Dominantly Economize Economy Economic/Economical Economically Affect Effect Effective Effectively Energize Energy Energetic Energetically Excel Excellence Excellent Excellently Edit Edition/Editor Editorial Editorially Educate Education Educational/Educative Educationally Elect Election Elective Electively Exist Existence Existent Existentially Befriend Friend Friendly In a friendly way Force Force Forceful/Forcible Forcefully/Forcibly Favour Favour Favourable/Favourite Favourably Falsify Falsehood False Falsely Fix Fixation Fixed - - Forgetfulness Forgetful Forgetfully Grade Gradation Graded Gradually Generate Generation Generative Generatively Govern Government Governmental Governmentally Grace Grace Graceful/Graceless Gracefully/Gracelessly Guide Guidance Guided - Gladden Gladness Glad Gladly Habituate Habit Habitual Habitually Honour Honour Honourable Honourably Hearten Heart Hearty/Heartfelt Heartily Hesitate Hesitation Hesitant Hesitantly Horrify Horror Horrible Horribly Help Help Helpful/Helpless Helpfully/Helplessly Interest Interest Interesting Interestingly - Happiness Happy Happily Ignore Ignorance Ignorant Ignorantly Imitate Imitation Imitative Imitatively Inaugurate Inauguration Inaugural - Implicate Implication Implicit Implicitly Identify Identification Identifiable Identifiably Include Inclusion Inclusive Inclusively Inform Information Informative Informatively Insist Insistence Insistent Insistently Instruct Instruction Instructive/Instructional Instructively Join Joint Joint Jointly Enjoy Joy Joyful/Joyous Joyfully/Joyously Justify Justification Just/Justifiable Justly/Justifiably Know Knowledge Knowledgeable Knowledgeably Labour Labour Laborious Laboriously Laugh Laughter Laughable Laughably Localize Locality Local Locally Materialize Matter Material Materially Memorize Memory Memorable Memorably Methodize Method Methodical Methodically Measure Measurement Measurable Measurably Marry Marriage Marriageable/Married Maritally Marvel Marvel Marvellous Marvellously Move Movement Movable Movably Mind Mind/Mindfulness Mindful/Minded Mindfully Moisten Moisture Moist Moistly Neglect Negligence Negligent/Negligible Negligently Naturalise Nature Natural Naturally Notify Notification Notified - Navigate Navigation Navigational - Need Need Needy/Necessary Needfully/Needlessly Originate Origin Original Originally Obey Obedience Obedient Obediently Officiate Office Official Officially Occupy Occupation Occupational Occupationally Organize Organization Organized Organizedly Operate Operation Operational Operationally Oppose Opposition Opposite Oppositely Offend Offence Offensive Offensively Personify Person Personal Personally Picture Picture Pictorial/Picturesque Pictorially Particularize Particular Particular Particularly Progress Progress Progressive Progressively Please Pleasure Pleasant/Pleasurable Pleasantly Patronize Patron Patronizing Patronizingly Pollute Pollution Polluted - Pack Package/Packet Packed - Provide Provision Provisional Provisionally Practice Practice Practical Practically Quote Quotation Quotable/Quoted - Quarrel Quarrel Quarrelsome - Qualify Qualification Qualified - Quieten Quietness Quiet Quietly Rest Rest Restful Restfully Reason Reason Reasonable Reasonably Receive Receipt/Reception Receptive/Receivable Receptively Reflect Reflection Reflective Reflectively Rotate Rotation Rotational Rotationally Rely Reliance/Reliability Reliant/Reliable Reliably Silence Silence Silent Silently Sleep Sleep Asleep/Sleepless Sleeplessly Succeed Success Successful Successfully Satisfy Satisfaction Satisfactory Satisfactorily See Sight Visual Visually Suspect Suspicion Suspicious Suspiciously Strengthen Strength Strong Strongly Ensure Surety/Sureness Sure Surely Speak Speech Spoken - Theorize Theory Theoretical Theoretically Thank Thanks Thankful/Thankless Thankfully Tolerate Tolerance Tolerant/Tolerable Tolerantly Translate Translation Translatable Translationally Trust Trust Trustful/Trustworthy Trustfully Use Usage/Use Useful/Usable Usefully Invigorate Vigour Vigorous Vigorously Victimize Victim Victimised - Voice Voice Vocal Vocally Vitalize Vitality Vital Vitally Verify Verification Verified/Verifiable Verifiably Value Value/Valuation Valuable Valuably Volunteer Volunteer Voluntary Voluntarily Vary Variation/Variety Various/Variable Variously Weaken Weakness Weak Weakly Widen Width Wide Widely - Wisdom Wise Wisely Note:  নিম্নলিখিত word-গুলো Noun  এবং Verb  উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা যায়:Act, Air, Arm, Answer, Bite, Book, Break, Brush, Burn, Call, Catch, Change, Climb, Colour, Cook, Copy, Cough, Cover, Cut, Damage, Doubt, Draw, Drink, Drive, Dust, Eye, Fall, Fear, Fight, Finger, Fly, Fold, Hand, Harbour, Help, Hold, House, Iron, Jump, Kick, Kiss, Laugh, Leave, Lift, Light, Look, Love, Make, Mark, Measure, Name, Need, Order, Paper, Park, Pay, Place, Plant, Play, Rain, Rest, Ring, Run, Sail, Salt, Saw, Scale, Ship, Shoe, Show, Sleep, Smell, Smile, Smoke, Sneeze, Snow, Sound, Stand, Start, Step, Stick, Stop, Taste, Tear, Thumb, Touch, Turn, Use, Walk, Want, Watch, Water, Wish, Work. Note:  নিম্নলিখিত word-গুলো Adjective  এবং Verb  উভয় হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা যায়:Clean, Clear, Cool, Dirty, Dry, Empty, Equal, Free, Frequent, Full, Hollow, Humble, Light, Loose, Mean, Narrow, Open, Private, Quiet, Right, Round, Secure, Separate, Smooth, Sour, Steady, Thin, Warm, Wet, Wrong, Better. 3. Same Word Used as Different Parts of Speech একটি word বাক্যে তার ব্যবহারের ওপর ভিত্তি করে একাধিক Parts of Speech হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। ABOUT Adverb:  The children were rushing about . (Verb 'rushing' কে modify করায়) Preposition:  Tell me all about  it. (Pronoun 'it' এর পূর্বে বসেছে) AFTER Adverb:  She arrived soon after . (Verb 'arrived' কে modify করায়) Preposition:  Look after  your parents. (Noun phrase 'your parents' এর পূর্বে বসেছে) Adjective:  My after -life seems to be miserable. (Noun 'life' কে modify করায়) Conjunction:  The patient died after  the doctor had come. (দুটি clause কে যুক্ত করেছে) ABOVE Noun:  The beggar looks for help from above . (Preposition এর পরে বসেছে) Preposition:  The sun rose above  the horizon. Adjective:  Look at the above  sentences. (Noun 'sentences' কে modify করায়) ALL Adjective:   All  men must die. (Noun 'men' কে modify করায়) Noun:  I have lost my all . (Possessive adjective 'my' এর পরে বসেছে) Adverb:  She was all  alone in the street. (Adjective 'alone' কে modify করায়) Pronoun:   All  of us should know it. ANY Adjective:  Do you have any  bread? Adverb:  No one can bear such an insult any  longer. (Adjective 'longer' কে modify করায়) Pronoun:  Does any  of you know what is wrong with her? BEFORE Preposition:  I came here before  the appointed time. Adverb:  She saw me once before . Conjunction:  Look before  you leap. AS Adverb:  He drove the car as  fast as he could. (প্রথম 'as' টি fast কে modify করেছে) Conjunction:  He trembled as  he spoke. (দুটি clause কে যুক্ত করেছে) BETTER Adjective:  My pen is better  than that of you. Adverb:  The boy is working better  today. Verb:  You should try to better  your lot. BOTH Adjective:   Both  the boys are guilty. Pronoun:   Both  of them were killed. Adverb:  The woman is both  dead and buried. BACK Noun:  I struck him on the back . (Article 'the' এর পরে) Adjective:  The thief went away by the back  door. Verb:  He backed  me in the trial. (সমর্থন করা অর্থে) Adverb:  Try to come back  as early as you can. BUT Preposition:  None but  the brave deserve the fair. ('ব্যতীত' অর্থে) Verb:   But  me no buts. Noun:  But me no buts . ('No' এর পরে noun) Conjunction:  The man is poor but  honest. BY Preposition:  Sit by  me. Adverb:  The train has just passed by . DOWN Adverb:  The sun went down . Preposition:  The children ran down  the hill. Adjective:  He could not catch the down -train. Noun:  We have ups and downs  in life. ELSE Adverb:  Will you look anywhere else ? Adjective:  No man else  shall know. ENOUGH Adjective:  She did not have enough  money. Adverb:  I am still strong enough  to do it. EITHER Adjective:  There are buildings on either  side of the road. Pronoun:  Ask either  of them. FEW Adjective:  There are few  children here. Pronoun:   Few  knew where the culprit was. EXCEPT Preposition:  Everyone except  me went there. Conjunction:  I will not let you go except  (unless) you forgive me. FAST Verb:  Some women fast  every Thursday. (রোজা রাখা) Noun:  She broke her fast  in the evening. Adverb:  The horse can run fast . LESS Adjective:  She pays less  attention to her studies. Adverb:  I cannot take less . / This soil is less  fertile than that. LIKE Verb:  Some old people like  sweets. Preposition:  You should not talk like  that. Adjective:   Like  forces repel each other. Noun:  I have never seen the like  of her anywhere. LITTLE Adjective:  Sometimes a little  blow may give much pain. Adverb:  The women of our country eat very little . Noun:  The soldiers had little  to eat. LONG Noun:  She will come before long . Adjective:  It is a long  story. Verb:  The students always long  for holidays. (আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা) Adverb:  I shall not wait long . MANY Pronoun:   Many  might have seen the sight. Adjective:  I have many  friends. MORE Adjective:  We want more  men like Karim. Adverb:  Everyone should talk less and work more . MUCH Adjective:  The news gave the widow much  pleasure. Adverb:  I am much  better today. NEAR Adjective:  She is a near  relation of mine. Verb:  The puja is nearing  quickly. Adverb:  Come near . Preposition:  I found her near  the launch ghat. NEED Noun:  I am in need  of some money. Verb:  She needs  your help. NEXT Adverb:  Who comes next ? Adjective:  The woman came the next  day. ONCE Adverb:  She visits her old father once  every six months. Conjunction:   Once  you learn it, you will never forget. ONE Pronoun:   One  should obey one's parents. Adjective:  Give me one  taka. ONLY Adverb:  I only  found a boy there. Adjective:  He is the only  son of his parents. PAST Noun:  She cannot forget the past . Adjective:  Her past  life was miserable. Adverb:  I found the man hasten past . Preposition:  It is half past  eight now. RIGHT Noun:  She has no right  to claim my property. Adjective:  Let me touch your right  hand. Verb:  I must right  the wrong. Adverb:  We walked right  across the field. ROUND Adjective:  A square thing does not fit into a round  hole. Preposition:  Draw a circle round  this centre. Adverb:  The butterflies are flying round  and round . SINCE Adverb:  The man died three months since . Conjunction:   Since  she was ill, she could not come. Preposition:  I have not seen him since  Tuesday last. SOME Pronoun:   Some  of them were absent. Adjective:  Give me some  biscuits. STILL Adjective:   Still  waters run deep. Verb:   Still  the child. (শান্ত করা) Noun:  Parvati came to Devdas in the still  of night. Conjunction:  She was weak, still  she went to school. UP Preposition:  Let us go up  the hill. Adverb:  The sun is up . Adjective:  The up -train is coming. WELL Noun:  The well  ran dry. (কূপ) Adjective:  She is quite well  now. (সুস্থ) Adverb:  Your son has done well  in the examination. WHILE Noun:  She waited for a while . Verb:  We should not while  away our time. (সময় অপচয় করা) Conjunction:   While  Santu was reading, he fell asleep. WHAT Pronoun:   What  is your name? Adjective:   What  evidence do you have? WRONG Noun:  He has done no wrong . Adjective:  You have taken the wrong  side. Verb:  The man has wronged  the boy. Adverb:  He led me wrong .

Introduction: Parts of speech are the building blocks of language that categorize words based on their grammatical and syntactical functions. Understanding the roles and functions of different parts of speech is crucial for constructing complex and meaningful sentences. 1. Nouns: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. They can function as subjects, objects, or complements in sentences. Common, proper, concrete, abstract, collective, and compound nouns. 2. Pronouns: Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. They include personal, demonstrative, indefinite, relative, and reflexive pronouns. Pronouns can function as subjects, objects, possessives, and more. 3. Verbs: Verbs express actions, states, or occurrences. They can be transitive or intransitive, regular or irregular. Verbs are central to forming predicates in sentences. 4. Adjectives: Adjectives modify or describe nouns. They provide information about qualities, sizes, colors, etc. Adjectives can be attributive or predicative. 5. Adverbs: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They provide information about how, when, where, or to what degree. Adverbs can enhance the meaning of a sentence. 6. Prepositions: Prepositions indicate relationships between nouns and other words in a sentence. They express location, time, direction, and more. Prepositional phrases provide additional details. 7. Conjunctions: Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating, subordinating, and correlative conjunctions. Conjunctions contribute to sentence structure and coherence. 8. Interjections: Interjections express strong emotions or exclamations. They are often standalone words or phrases. Interjections add emotional depth to language. 9. Articles: Articles (definite, indefinite, zero) determine the specificity of nouns. They help identify whether a noun is general or specific. 10. Determiners: Determiners introduce nouns and provide context. They include articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, and possessives. Functions of Parts of Speech: 1. Subject and Predicate: · Nouns and pronouns typically function as subjects. · Verbs and their complements form predicates. 2. Modifiers and Qualifiers: · Adjectives and adverbs modify nouns and verbs respectively. · They provide additional information and enhance description. 3. Connectors and Linkers: · Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses together. · They establish relationships between different parts of a sentence. 4. Completeness and Specificity: · Determiners, articles, and pronouns contribute to the completeness and specificity of sentences. Advanced Concepts: 1. Participles and Gerunds: · Participles (past or present) function as adjectives. · Gerunds (verbs ending in -ing) function as nouns. 2. Infinitives: · Infinitives are base form verbs (to + verb) that can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. 3. Appositives: · Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that provide additional information about another noun. Conclusion: Parts of speech are essential for understanding sentence structure, syntax, and semantics. Proficiency in recognizing and using different parts of speech leads to effective and sophisticated communication. Continued practice and exposure to various sentence constructions will enhance mastery of parts of speech in complex contexts.

Voice Exercise - 8 A Teacher Registration Questions 1. 'Please, keep quiet'. (Make it passive) [16th NTRCA 2019] A. You are told for keeping quiet B. You are requested to keep quiet. C. You are requested for keep quiet. D. You are told to keep quiet. Ans: B (Explanation: When an imperative sentence starts with " Please ", the passive voice typically uses the structure " You are requested to  + Verb". This conveys the politeness of the original request.) 2. Trees are considered one of our best friends. (Make it active) [16th NTRCA 2019] A. It is tree which is our best friend. B. Trees are our best friends. C. We considered trees one of our best friends. D. We consider trees one of our best friends. Ans: D (Explanation: Agent:  The passive sentence has no explicit agent ("by us/people"), so we assume " We " as the subject in active voice. Tense:  The passive uses "are considered" (Present Simple), so the active verb must be " consider ". "We consider trees one of our best friends.") 3. I saw him play. (Passive) [16th NTRCA 2019] A. He was seen by me play. B. Play was seen him by me. C. He was seen playing by me. D. He was seen to play by me. Ans: D (Explanation: When a verb of perception like "see" is followed by a bare infinitive  (play) in the active voice, it changes to a to-infinitive  (" to play ") in the passive voice. "He was seen to play  by me.") 4. The unfed should be fed. (Active) [15th NTRCA 2019] A. Feed the unfed. B. We should feed the unfed. C. Please feed the unfed. D. They should be feeding the unfed. Ans: B (Explanation: Agent:  The agent is implied (moral obligation), so " We " is the appropriate subject. Structure:  "Should be fed" (Passive) becomes " should feed " (Active). "We should feed the unfed.") 5. Identify the correct passive form of 'He made me laugh.' [15th NTRCA 2019] A. I was made laugh by him. B. I was made to laugh by him. C. I was made laughing with him. D. I was made laughing by him. Ans: B (Explanation: The causative verb " make " is followed by a bare infinitive in the active voice ("made me laugh "), but it requires a to-infinitive  in the passive voice ("made to laugh "). "I was made to laugh  by him.") 6. I helped her solve the problem. (Passive) [14th NTRCA 2017] A. She was helped solve the problem. B. The problem was solved by me. C. Her problem was solved by me. D. She was helped to solve the problem by me. Ans: D (Explanation: Similar to the rule for "make" and "see", when "help" is used with a bare infinitive ("solve"), the passive form often includes " to ". "She was helped to solve  the problem by me.") 7. Rome was not built in a day. (Active) [14th NTRCA 2017] A. The Romans did not build Rome in a day B. People were not build Rome in a day C. The Romans were not build Rome in a day D. A day was not built by Rome Ans: A (Explanation: Agent:  The implied builders of Rome are " The Romans ". Tense:  "Was not built" (Past Indefinite Passive) becomes " did not build " (Past Indefinite Active). "The Romans did not build Rome in a day.") 8. What cannot be cured must be endured. (Active) [14th NTRCA 2017] A. We must be endured what we cannot cure. B. We cannot cure what we must endure. C. Must be endure can cure. D. We must endure what we cannot cure. Ans: D (Explanation: This is a complex sentence with two passive modals ("cannot be cured", "must be endured"). We supply the general subject " We ". Active: "We must endure  (what) we cannot cure .") 9. Do you find your payment too little? (Passive) [13th NTRCA 2016] A. Is your payment found too little to you? B. Are your payment found too little to you? C. Are your payment found too little by you? D. Is your payment found too little by you? Ans: D (Explanation: Tense:  Present Indefinite Interrogative. Auxiliary:  "Payment" is singular, so use " Is ". Structure:   Is + Object + V3 + Complement + by + Subject ? "Is your payment found too little by you?") Voice Exercise - 8 B Bank Questions 1. What is the passive form of the sentence, ‘Have you played football'? [8 Banks & 1 FI Officer 2023] A. Has been football played by you? B. Has football played by you? C. Has football been played by you? D. Is football by you? Ans: C (Explanation: Present Perfect Interrogative. Structure: Has/Have + Object + been + V3 + by + Subject ? "Has football been played by you?") 2. What is the passive form of the sentence 'I had already shown her photo to the policeman?" [8 Banks & 1 FI Officer 2023] A. The policeman was already shown her photo. B. Her photo was already been shown to the policeman. C. The policeman has already been shown her photo. D. The policeman had already been shown her photo. Ans: D (Explanation: Past Perfect Tense. Structure: Object + had + been + V3 . "The policeman had already been shown her photo.") 3. What is passive form of the sentence "We must take care of all living species on Earth?" [Combined 7 Banks Officer 2023] A. All living species on Earth are taken care of by us B. All living species on Earth must be taken care of C. All living species on Earth must be cared by us D. All living species on Earth must be taken care of by us Ans: D (Explanation: Modal 'Must'. Structure: Object + must be + V3 (taken care of) + by + Subject . Option D is complete with the agent "by us".) 4. Active voice of 'The traitors should be shot dead' is- [Uttara Bank Ltd. Asst. Off. 2022] A. They should have shot the traitors dead. B. They shall shoot the traitors dead. C. They should shoot the traitors dead. D. They shot the traitors dead. Ans: C (Explanation: The passive uses the modal "should be". The active must use " should + V1 ". The implied subject is "They". "They should shoot the traitors dead.") 5. The passive voice of 'Who is John inviting?' [Bangladesh Bank Asst. Director 2021] A. By whom is being invited by John? B. Who is invited by John? C. Whom is invites by John? D. Is someone invited by John? Ans: B  (Note: Strictly speaking, the continuous tense requires "being invited", but option B is the best available choice among the distractors in this specific exam context.) (Explanation: John is the subject, Who is the object. Passive: Who + is + being + V3 + by + Subject ? "Who is being invited by John?" involves continuous tense. Option B is Simple Present but is the standard correct option provided in this exam paper.) 6. Change into passive voice: 'People believe he is a scholar'. [7 Banks Senior Off. 2021] A. He is believed scholar by the people. B. He is believed to be a scholar. C. He is a scholar as people believe. D. He is being believed a scholar. Ans: B (Explanation: For complex sentences with "believe/know/think", the structure is Subject + is/am/are + believed + to + V1/be . "He is believed to be a scholar.") 7. The sentence which is not expressing any passive sense: [7 Govt. Banks Senior Officer 2021] A. I'll have my hair cut. B. I got fired yesterday. C. They made me do it. D. I'm getting all my floors polished. Ans: C (Explanation: "They made me do it" is an Active Causative  structure where the subject 'They' performs the action. A, B, and D imply actions done to the subject (Passive sense).) 8. They love each other. Correct passive form will be- [Rupali Bank Ltd. Asst. Network Engineer 2021] A. They were loved by each other B. Each other loved by them C. Each other are loved by them D. Each other being loved by both Ans: C (Explanation: Reciprocal pronouns like "each other" are rarely subjects, but in exam contexts, Object (Each other) + are + V3 (loved) + by + Subject (them)  is the intended transformation.) 9. Change into passive: Did he do his task? [Probashi Kallyan Bank Officer 2021] A. Had his task done by him? B. Was his task done by him? C. Had his task been done by him? D. Was his task being done by him? Ans: B (Explanation: Past Indefinite Interrogative. Was/Were + Object + V3 + by + Subject ? "Was his task done by him?") 10. Change the voice: 'They are going to sell the market.' [Probashi Kallyan Bank Officer 2021] A. The market is being gone to sell by them. B. The market is being gone to be sold by them. C. The market is gone to be sold by them. D. The market is gone to be sold by them. Ans: D  (Assumed typo correction: "The market is going to be sold by them") (Explanation: "Going to" future. Structure: Object + is going to be + V3 . In standard exams, the correct choice is "The market is going to be sold". Among the provided corrupt options, D is the typical slot for the correct answer.) 11. Passive voice of 'If you're doing something important, you are working to make change happen.' [Uttara Bank Ltd. PO 2021] A. If something important is done, work is done to make change happen. B. Something important is being done, by you, you are making happen change happen. C. If something important is being done, work is being done to make change happen. D. If important work is being done change is about to happen. Ans: C (Explanation: Both clauses are in Present Continuous. Both must be converted to passive using "being". "If something important is being done , work is being done ...") 12. Change the voice of the sentence. They greet me cheerfully every morning. [Dhaka Bank Ltd. TO 2021] A. Every morning I was greeted cheerfully B. I am greeted cheerfully by them every morning. C. I am being greeted cheerfully by them every morning. D. Cheerful greeting is done by them every morning. Ans: B (Explanation: Present Indefinite. Subject (I) + am + V3 (greeted) . "I am greeted cheerfully by them every morning.") 13. Change the voice of the sentence. Who is creating this mess? [Dhaka Bank Ltd. TO 2021] A. Who has been created this mess? B. By whom has this mess been created? C. By whom this mess is being created? D. By whom is this mess being created? Ans: D (Explanation: Present Continuous Interrogative. By whom + auxiliary (is) + Object (this mess) + being + V3 (created) ? "By whom is this mess being created?") 14. Change the voice of the sentence. She will invite me. [Dhaka Bank Ltd. TAO 2021] A. I shall be invited by her. B. I will invited by her. C. I shall being invited by her. D. I will been invited by her. Ans: A (Explanation: Future Indefinite. Subject (I) + shall be + V3 (invited) + by + Agent . "I shall be invited by her.") 15. Passive Voice of I saw him leaving the house' is- [Global Islami Bank Ltd. PO 2021] A. Leaving the house he was seen by me. B. He was seen to be leaving the house. C. He was seen leaving the house by me. D. He had been seen leaving the house. Ans: C (Explanation: Verb of perception "saw". The participle "leaving" remains unchanged. He + was + seen + leaving... by me .) 16. Passive voice of 'None likes him' is- [Global Islami Bank Ltd. PO 2021] A. He is not liked by anyone. B. He was not liked by anyone. C. He has not been liked by anyone. D. He is liked by none. Ans: A  (or D) (Explanation: "None" implies negative present. "He is not liked by anyone" is the standard conversion. "He is liked by none" is also grammatically correct but A is often preferred for clarity.) 17. Who will help you? The passive form is [Rupali Bank Ltd Senior Officer 2020] A. By whom will you be helped? B. By whom would you be helped? C. By whom you would be helped? D. By whom you will be helped? Ans: A (Explanation: Future Interrogative. By whom + Will + Subject + be + V3 ? "By whom will you be helped?") 18. Change into passive: The city planner is making all the arrangements'. [Rupali Bank Ltd. Officer 2019] A. The all arrangements have been made by the city planner. B. All the arrangements are making by the city planner. C. The all arrangements had been making by the city planner. D. All the arrangements are being made by the city planner. Ans: D (Explanation: Present Continuous. Object + are + being + V3 . "All the arrangements are being made...") 19. Change into passive: The trainer walked the horse after the race. [Bangladesh Bank Officer 2019] A. The horse was walked after the race by the trainer. B. After the race, the horse walked by the trainer. C. The trainer walked the horse by the race. D. The horse was walked the trainer after the race. Ans: A (Explanation: "Walked" is used transitively here. Passive: The horse was walked... by the trainer .) 20. The passive form of the sentence 'We can gain nothing without labour' in- [Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. PO 2019] A. Nothing is not be gained without labour. B. Nothing is to be gained without labour by us. C. Nothing is to be gained by is without labour. D. Nothing can be gained without labour. Ans: D (Explanation: Modal "can". Nothing + can be + V3 (gained) . "Nothing can be gained without labour.") 21. The active form of the sentence 'That house was built ten years ago' is [Sadharan Bima Corporation 2019] A. Someone built the house ten years ago. B. We had built the house ten years ago. C. Somebody had built the house ten years ago. D. They built the house ten years ago. Ans: A (Explanation: The passive "was built" is Past Indefinite. Active requires a subject (Someone/They) + built . "Someone built the house ten years ago" is the most natural reconstruction.) 22. The passive form of the sentence 'One should keep one's promises' should be- [Sadharan Bima Corporation 2019] A. One's promises should be kept. B. Promises should be kept. C. Promises made should be kept. D. Promises made needs to be kept. Ans: B (Explanation: Standard rule: When the subject is "One", it is omitted in passive. "Promises should be kept.") 23. The passive form of the sentence 'Manners reveal character' is - [Sadharan Bima Corporation 2019] A. One's character is revealed by one's manners. B. Characters are revealed by one's manners C. Character is revealed by manners. D. Manners are revealing of character. Ans: C (Explanation: Present Indefinite. Character + is + revealed + by + manners .) 24. The passive form of the sentence 'Who has written Hamlet'is: [Agrani Bank Ltd. Senior Officer 2017] A. Hamlet has written by whom? B. By whom Hamlet is being written? C. By whom Hamlet is written? D. Who has Hamlet been written by? Ans: D  (or A variant "By whom has Hamlet been written?") (Explanation: Present Perfect. Who... has... been + V3 + by?  Option D is the correct structure. Option C changes tense. Option B changes tense. Option A is incorrect order.) 25. The passive form of the sentence "Every order will be carried out promptly" is: [Agrani Bank Ltd. Senior Officer 2017] A. Orders should be carried out immediately. B. Orders must be carried out promptly. C. We will carry out every order promptly. D. Orders will be carried out promptly. Ans: C (Explanation: The question asks for the Passive  form, but the given sentence is already  Passive ("will be carried out"). Option C is the Active  form ("We will carry out..."). Assuming the question meant "Change the voice" or "What is the active form", C is the correct conversion.) 26. "It cannot be done." The active voice form is [Bangladesh Krishi Bank Officer 2017] A. No one can do it. B. We cannot do it. C. It is impossible to do it. D. Most people cannot do it. Ans: A (Explanation: "It cannot be done" implies a universal inability. "No one can do it" captures this meaning best in the Active voice.) Voice Exercise - 8 C PSC & Other Exam Questions 01. "I was given a cheque". What is the active form? [Various Ministries 2023] A. A cheque is given to me B. He gave me a cheque. C. I gave him a cheque. D. I got a cheque. Ans: B (Explanation: The sentence is in the Passive Voice  (Past Indefinite: "was given"). To change it to active, we need a subject who performed the action. "He gave me a cheque" fits the tense and meaning correctly.) 02. Pluck me a flower Passive voice ? [Health Directorate Draftsman 2023] A. Let a flower be plucked me. B. Let a flower be plucked for me. C. Let a flower plucked for me. D. Let a flower plucked by me. Ans: B (Explanation: This is an Imperative Sentence  with two objects ("me" and "flower"). The structure for passive is: Let + Direct Object + be + V3 + for + Indirect Object . "Let a flower be plucked for me.") 03. 'Does he speak English well?' passive form- [Health Directorate Draftsman 2023] A. Is English spoke well by him? B. Is English spoken well to him? C. Is English spoken well by him? D. Was English spoken well by him? Ans: C (Explanation: This is a Present Indefinite Interrogative  sentence. The passive structure is: Am/Is/Are + Object + V3 + (Adverb) + by + Subject ? "Is English spoken well by him?") 04. Do not laugh at the lame man. The passive form of this sentence is- [Family Planning Dept 2023] A. Let not the lame man be laughed at. B. You should not laugh at the lame man. C. The lame man not be laughed at. D. The lame man is not laughed at. Ans: A (Explanation: This is a Negative Imperative . The structure is: Let not + Object + be + V3 . The preposition "at" must remain with the verb "laughed".) 05. Choose the passive structure -. 'His comment surprised me'. [Information Ministry 2023] A. I was surprised at his comment. B. I was surprised by his comment. C. I was surprised for his comment. D. I am surprised to his comment. Ans: A (Explanation: The verb "surprise" takes the preposition " at " in the passive voice, not "by". "I was surprised at his comment.") 06. What is the passive form of the sentence? You have wasted much time' [Information Ministry 2023] A. Much time was wasted by us. B. Much time has been wasted by you. C. Long time has wasted. D. Much time have been wasted. Ans: B (Explanation: The sentence is in the Present Perfect Tense . Since "Much time" is singular, the passive auxiliary is " has been ". "Much time has been wasted by you.") 07. Find correct passive voice: Do the sum. [Department of Narcotics Control 2023] A. Let be sum done. B. Let the sum be done. C. The sum is done. D. Let the sum doen. Ans: B (Explanation: This is an Imperative Sentence . The standard passive structure is: Let + Object + be + V3 . "Let the sum be done.") 08. Select the correct passive voice of "He did for me the unnecessary things." [Biman Bangladesh 2023] A. The unnecessary things was done for me by him. B. The unnecessary things was done by him for me. C. The unnecessary things had been done for me by him. D. The unnecessary things had to be done for me by him. Ans: B (Explanation: The sentence is in the Past Indefinite Tense . Note: Grammatically, "things" is plural, so it should be "were done", but B is the accepted answer in the context of this specific exam question. ) 09. The correct passive structure of the sentence: 'Let her sing a song': [Information & Broadcasting Ministry 2023] A. A song let her sang be her. B. A song let be sung by he. C. Let her a song be sung. D. Let a song be sung by her. Ans: D (Explanation: This is an Imperative with 'Let' . The structure is: Let + Direct Object + be + V3 + by + Indirect Object . "Let a song be sung by her.") 10. Which one is the correct passive voice in the following sentence? Who taught her grammar? [Primary Education Dept 2022] A. By whom she was taught grammar? B. By whom was she taught grammar? C. She was taught grammar by who? D. Who was she taught grammar by? Ans: B (Explanation: "Who" changes to " By whom ". In interrogative passive, the auxiliary verb ("was") must come before  the subject ("she"). "By whom was she taught grammar?") 11. The passive form of the sentence: They are going to lock the gate at 7 o'clock. [Primary Education Dept 2022] A. At 7 o'clock they are going locked the gate. B. The gate at 7 o'clock be locked by them. C. The gate is to going locked by them at 7 o'clock. D. The gate is going to be locked at 7 o'clock. Ans: D (Explanation: This uses the "Going to" Future  structure. Passive: Object + is going to be + V3 . "The gate is going to be locked...") 12. Which one of the following is the correct passive form of 'One should keep one's promises.' [Primary Education Dept 2022] A. Promises should be kept. B. Promises will be kept. C. promises can be kept. D. promises would be kept. Ans: A (Explanation: The modal " should " changes to " should be + V3 ". The indefinite subject "One" is typically omitted in the passive voice. "Promises should be kept.") 13. Choose the correct passive form of, 'Don't make a mistake about me.' [Primary Education Dept 2022] A. Let a mistake be not made about me. B. A mistake is not made about me. C. I should not be made a mistake. D. Let not a mistake be made about me. Ans: D (Explanation: Negative Imperative . Structure: Let not + Object + be + V3 . "Let not a mistake be made about me.") 14. 'Please don't distrub me' - Select the correct passive form of the sentence: [Various Ministries 2022] A. I should not be disturbed. B. Let not I disturbed. C. I might not be disturbed by D. I may not please be disturbed. Ans: A (Explanation: "Please" indicates a request or polite instruction. " I should not be disturbed " conveys the passive sense of obligation or propriety best among the options.) 15. Change the voice: 'Do not laugh at the lame man' [Education Ministry 2022] A. Let not the lame man be laughed at. B. 1 Let the lame man not laughed at. C. Let the lame man not laughed at by someone. D. The lame man is not to be laughed at. Ans: A (Explanation: Negative Imperative . The preposition " at " must remain attached to the verb "laugh". "Let not the lame man be laughed at.") 16. What is the passive voice of the sentence? 'His conduct annoyed me'. [Health Engineering Dept 2022] A. I was being annoyed by his conduct. B. I was annoyed by his conduct. C. I was annoyed at his conduct. D. I had been annoyed on his conduct. Ans: C (Explanation: The verb " annoy " takes the preposition " at " when referring to conduct or things (and "with" for people). "I was annoyed at his conduct.") 17. The passive form of 'We called him a fool' is- [NSI 2022; Power Ministry 2019] A. He had been called a fool by us. B. He was called a fool by us. C. He has called a fool by us. D. He has been called a fool by us. Ans: B (Explanation: The sentence is in the Past Indefinite Tense  ("called"). The passive form uses " was/were + V3 ". "He was called a fool by us.") 18. Change the voice- 'Where did you see him?' [Department of Passport & Immigration 2016] A. Where did the seen by you? B. Where was he see by you? C. Where was seen by you? D. Where was he seen by you? Ans: D (Explanation: Interrogative Past Indefinite . Structure: Wh-word + was/were + Subject + V3 + by + Object ? "Where was he seen by you?") 19. 'He is known to me' is an example of – [NSI 2020] A. compound sentence B. active voice C. complex sentence D. passive voice Ans: D (Explanation: The structure Auxiliary (is) + V3 (known) + Preposition  indicates that the subject is receiving the action. This is the Passive Voice .) 20. The passive form of the sentence 'You should not scold the boy' is [Information Ministry 2020] A. The boy should not be scold by you B. The boy should not have been scold by you C. The boy should not be scolded by you D. The boy should not have been scolded by you Ans: C (Explanation: The modal " should not " changes to " should not be + V3 ". "The boy should not be scolded by you.") 21. The passive form of 'He pleases us' [National Pension Authority 2020] A. We were pleased with him B. We are pleased with him C. We are pleased by him D. We will be pleased by him Ans: B (Explanation: Present Indefinite Tense  ("pleases") -> " are pleased ". The verb "please" takes the preposition " with ". "We are pleased with him.") 22. Who will ______ by you? [Military Lands & Cantonments Dept 2020] A. have been helped B. is helped C. be helped D. is helped Ans: C (Explanation: This is a Future Indefinite Passive  structure. The auxiliary pattern is Will + be + V3 . "Who will be helped  by you?") 23. Which one is the passive form of the sentence 'Your behaviour pleased us'. [Health & Family Welfare 2019] A. We were pleased by your behaviour B. We were being pleased by your behaviour C. We were pleased with your behaviour D. We were pleases by your behaviour Ans: C (Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense . "Pleased" takes the preposition " with ". "We were pleased with your behaviour.") 24. What is the correct passive form of 'I saw him go to the garden'? [NSI 2019] A. He was seen go to the garden. B. He was seen to go to the garden. C. He was been seen to go to the garden. D. He went to the garden was seen. Ans: B (Explanation: When a bare infinitive ("go") follows a verb of perception ("saw") in the active voice, it becomes a to-infinitive ("to go")  in the passive voice.) 25. Which one is the passive form of 'I knew him'? [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. He is known with me. B. He was known by me. C. He was known to me. D. He was known with me. Ans: C (Explanation: Past Indefinite Tense . The verb "know" takes the preposition " to " in the passive voice, not "by". "He was known to me.") 26. 'He heard her sing'. The passive voice of the sentence is- [Primary Education Dept 2019] A. She was heard to sing by him. B. She was heard sing by him. C. She is heard to sing. D. She was heard to be sung. Ans: A (Explanation: Similar to Q24, the bare infinitive " sing " becomes the to-infinitive " to sing " in the passive voice.) 27. The passive structure of the sentence 'Never waste time' is- [Various Ministries 2019] A. Let not time be wasted B. You should not waste time C. Let not time be ever wasted D. Let not time never wasted Ans: C (Explanation: This is an Imperative with 'Never' . The structure is: Let not + Object + ever + be + V3 . "Let not time be ever wasted".) 28. Identify the correct passive form of 'He is going to open a shop.' [Health & Family Welfare 2019] A. He is being gone to open a shop. B. A shop is being gone opened by him. C. A shop will be opened by him. D. A shop is going to be opened by him. Ans: D (Explanation: This uses the "Going to" Future  structure. Passive: Object + is going to be + V3 . "A shop is going to be opened by him.") 29. Fill in the blank. The bell had already been- [Health & Family Welfare 2019] A. rang B. rings C. rung D. ring Ans: C (Explanation: In Perfect Passive tenses ("had been"), the main verb must be in the Past Participle (V3)  form. The V3 of "ring" is " rung ".) 30. The passive form of 'He is writing a letter' is- [Various Ministries 2019] A. A letter is written by him. B. A letter was written by him. C. A letter was being written by him. D. A letter is being written by him. Ans: D (Explanation: Present Continuous Tense . Structure: Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject . "A letter is being written by him.") 31. Which one is the correct passive voice of 'Don't do it' [Information Ministry 2019] A. Let not it be done B. Let it be done not C. Let it be not done D. Let it not be done Ans: D (Explanation: Negative Imperative . When the object is a pronoun ("it"), the preferred structure is Let + Object + not + be + V3 . "Let it not be done".) 32. Identify the correct passive form of - 'Do not shut the door': [Primary Education Dept 2019] A. The door is not to be shut. B. The door may not be shut. C. Let not the door be shut. D. The door will not be shut Ans: C (Explanation: Negative Imperative . Structure: Let not + Object + be + V3 . "Let not the door be shut.") 33. Select the active structure: [Primary Education Dept 2019] A. The tree has been uprooted B. The door should be kept closed C. I have lost my watch. D. My suggestion was not accepted Ans: C (Explanation: Options A, B, and D use passive structures (be/been + V3). Option C uses the Present Perfect Active  form: Subject + have + V3 .) 34. Choose the passive structure - 'His comment surprised me'. [Information Ministry 2019] A. I was surprised by his comment B. I was surprised at his comment. C. I was surprised for this comment. D. I was surprised to his comment Ans: B (Explanation: The verb "surprise" takes the preposition " at " in the passive voice. "I was surprised at his comment.") 35. Identify the correct passive from: 'Tell him to get out of the office.' [Foreign Ministry 2016] A. He should be told to get out of the office. B. Let him be told to get out of the office. C. Let him be ordered to leave the office. D. He is told to get out of the office. Ans: B (Explanation: Imperative Sentence . Structure: Let + Object + be + V3 + (infinitive phrase) . "Let him be told to get out of the office.") 36. Identify the correct passive form: 'Let me write a letter.' [Primary Education Dept 2019] A. Let a letter be written by me. B. Let a letter is written by me. C. Let a letter to write by me. D. Let a letter write by me. Ans: A (Explanation: Imperative with 'Let' . Structure: Let + Direct Object + be + V3 + by + Indirect Object . "Let a letter be written by me.") 37. Find the correct passive voice of the sentence- 'Roses smell sweet' [Cultural Affairs Ministry 2019] A. Roses are sweet smelling which someone smells. B. Roses are sweet when smelt. C. Roses are sweet when we smell. D. Roses are smelling sweet. Ans: B (Explanation: This is a Quasi-Passive  verb. Structure: Subject + Verb (be) + Adjective + when + V3 . "Roses are sweet when smelt.") 38. The passive form of the sentence "You made him cook rice" is [LGRD 2019] A. He was made to cook rice. B. He was made cook rice. C. He is made to cook rice. D. He had made to cook rice. Ans: A (Explanation: Past Indefinite Causative . The bare infinitive "cook" in active voice becomes the to-infinitive "to cook"  in passive voice. "He was made to cook rice.") 39. The correct active form of the sentence 'Let it be done'. Is- [Department of Social Services 2019] A. Do it. B. Let me do it. C. I have done it. D. It is done by me. Ans: A (Explanation: "Let it be done" is the standard passive form of the simple imperative command " Do it ".) 40. The passive form of the sentence 'I have killed the bird' is - [Election Commission 2019] A. The bird have been killed by me. B. The bird has been being killed by me. C. The bird has killed by me. D. The bird has been killed by me. Ans: D (Explanation: Present Perfect Tense . Structure: Object + has/have been + V3 + by + Subject . "The bird has been killed by me.") 41. The correct passive of 'Medha was writing a letter' is-. [Primary Education Dept 2019] A. A letter was writing by Medha. B. A letter was being writing by Medha. C. A letter was being written by Medha. D. A letter was been written by Medha. Ans: C (Explanation: Past Continuous Tense . Structure: Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject . "A letter was being written by Medha.") 42. Let him do the sum. The passive form of the sentence is: [NSI 2018] A. Let the sum be done by him. B. The sum done by him C. He finished the sum. D. It was he who done the sum. Ans: A (Explanation: Imperative with 'Let' . Structure: Let + Direct Object + be + V3 + by + Indirect Object . "Let the sum be done by him.") 43. The passive form of the sentence 'His sudden death shocked me' is: [Various Ministries 2018] A. I was shocked by his sudden death. B. I was shocked to his sudden death. C. I was shocked to know his sudden death. D. I was shocked at his sudden death Ans: D (Explanation: The verb " shock " takes the preposition " at " in the passive voice. "I was shocked at his sudden death.") 44. He helped me do it. The passive voice of the sentence is- [Information Ministry 2017] A. It was done by him to help me B. I was helped by him to do it C. It was helped me by him to do it D. I was helped by him do it Ans: B (Explanation: Past Indefinite . The bare infinitive "do" becomes " to do " in passive. "I was helped by him to do it.") 45. The passive form of 'They have won the battle' is- [Foreign Ministry 2017] A. The battle have won by them. B. The battle had been won by them. C. The battle was won by them. D. The battle has been won by them. Ans: D (Explanation: Present Perfect Tense . Since "battle" is singular, use " has been ". "The battle has been won by them.") 46. The correct passive form of the sentence 'We don't respect dishonest people' is [LGRD 2017] A. We are not respected by dishonest people B. Dishonest people are not of our liking C. Dishonest people are not respected by us D. Dishonest people are not like us. Ans: C (Explanation: Present Indefinite Negative . Structure: Object + are not + V3 + by + Subject . "Dishonest people are not respected by us.") 47. The passive form of the sentence 'He saw me do it' is- [LGRD 2017] A. I was seen do it by him B. I was seen to do it by him C. I was seen doing it by him D. I was seen to doing it by him Ans: B (Explanation: The bare infinitive " do " becomes the to-infinitive " to do " when the sentence is changed to passive. "I was seen to do it by him.") 48. 'Never tell a lie' The passive form of this sentence is- [LGRD 2017] A. Let never be told a lie B. Let not a lie never be told C. Let a lie never be told D. Let lie never be told Ans: C (Explanation: Imperative with 'Never' . Structure: Let + Object + never + be + V3 . "Let a lie never be told.") 49. He was helping me. The correct passive form is: [Ministry of Law 2017] A. I was helped by him B. I had been helped by him C. I have been helped by him D. I was being helped by him Ans: D (Explanation: Past Continuous Tense . Structure: Subject (I) + was + being + V3 (helped) + by + Agent . "I was being helped by him.") 50. 'Do you know him?' Passive form - [Foreign Ministry 2017] A. Is he known by you? B. Is he known to you? C. Does he known by you? D. Is he known with you? Ans: B (Explanation: Present Indefinite Interrogative . The verb "know" takes the preposition " to ". "Is he known to you?") 51. What is the passive form of 'Do it. [Information & Publication 2016] A. It is done by you B. Let it be done C. Let done it by you D. Let be it done (by you) Ans: B (Explanation: Imperative Sentence . Standard passive: Let + Object + be + V3 . "Let it be done.") 52. Computer - all over the world at the moment. [Department of Planning 2016] A. is using B. has used C. has been using D. is being used Ans: D (Explanation: The context implies a passive action currently happening ("at the moment"). Present Continuous Passive : " is being used ".) 53. The passive voice of 'Post the letter' is- [Department of Planning 2016] A. Let the letter be posted. B. Let the letter posted. C. Let the letter post. D. Let the letter be post. Ans: A (Explanation: Imperative Sentence . Let + Object + be + V3 . "Let the letter be posted.") 54. 'Shut the door' - Passive form ? [Department of Planning 2016] A. The door is no be shut B. The door may be shut C. Let the door be shut D. Let the door shut Ans: C (Explanation: Imperative Sentence . Let + Object + be + V3 . "Let the door be shut.") 55. 'A freedom fighter is always honoured by his country people.' The active form of the sentence- [Various Ministries 2016] A. People of a country honours their freedom fighters always. B. People of a country always honour their freedom fighters. C. His country people honour always their freedom fighters. D. People honour their freedom fighters. Ans: C (Explanation: Subject:  "His country people" (from the passive agent). Adverb:  "Always" is placed before the main verb. Verb:  "Honour" (Present Indefinite). "His country people always honour their freedom fighters.") 56. 'The work is done by Medha'- This is an exmaple of- [NSI 2016] A. active voice B. passive voice C. quasi-passive voice D. not any voice which are mentioned Ans: B (Explanation: The subject "The work" receives the action performed by the agent "Medha". The structure Be + V3 + by  indicates the Passive Voice .) 57. 'Rice sells cheap' is [Local Government Engineering Dept 2016] A. Passive voice B. Active voice C. Both D. None Ans: B (Explanation: This is a Quasi-Passive  verb used in an Active Form  (Subject + Verb). In a multiple-choice context asking for the "voice" classification based on structure, it is considered Active.) 58. The correct passive form of the sentence- Who can do it? [Bangladesh Rural Electrification Board Assistant Director 2025] A. By whom it can be done? B. What can be done by you? C. By whom can it be done? D. Whom can be done? Ans: C (Explanation: Who  -> By whom . Word Order:  In interrogative passive, the auxiliary/modal must come before  the subject. By whom + Modal (can) + Subject (it) + be + V3 (done)?  "By whom can it be done?")

TOPIC: PREPOSITION PREPOSITION: The Bridge of the Sentence (বাক্যের সেতুবন্ধন) Preposition ইংরেজি গ্রামারের এমন একটি অংশ যা বাক্যের বিভিন্ন শব্দের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক তৈরি করে। একে বাক্যের 'আঠা' (Glue) বলা যেতে পারে। ১. শব্দের উৎপত্তি ও সংজ্ঞা (Origin & Definition) Etymology (উৎপত্তি):  Preposition শব্দটি দুটি অংশ নিয়ে গঠিত: Pre:  Before (পূর্বে বা আগে)। Position:  Place (অবস্থান)। অর্থাৎ, শাব্দিক অর্থে এর মানে হলো—"পূর্বে অবস্থান"। Definition (সংজ্ঞা):  A Preposition is a word placed before  a Noun or Pronoun to show its relationship with other words in the sentence. যে Word কোনো Noun বা Pronoun-এর পূর্বে বসে Sentence-এর অন্যান্য Word-এর সাথে ওই Noun বা Pronoun-এর সম্পর্ক স্থাপন করে, তাকে Preposition  বলে। ২. প্রধান নিয়ম (The Golden Rule) Rule:  Preposition is always followed by a Noun , a Noun Phrase , or a Pronoun . (Preposition-এর ঠিক পরেই সর্বদা একটি Noun, Noun Phrase অথবা Pronoun বসে।) উদাহরণ (Example): Sentence:  There is a cow in  the field. (মাঠে একটি গরু আছে।) ব্যাখ্যা:  এখানে 'in'  হলো Preposition। এটি 'the field'  (Noun)-এর আগে বসেছে এবং বাক্যের Subject 'cow'-এর সাথে মাঠের সম্পর্ক তৈরি করেছে। ৩. Preposition-এর প্রকারভেদ (Types of Prepositions) গঠন এবং ব্যবহারের ওপর ভিত্তি করে Preposition-কে প্রধানত ৬ ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়: A. Simple Preposition (সাধারণ বা মৌলিক Preposition) These consist of only one word . একটি মাত্র শব্দ দ্বারা গঠিত Preposition-কে Simple Preposition বলে। Examples:  at, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, out, through, till, to, up, with. বাক্যে প্রয়োগ:  He is at  home. (সে বাড়িতে আছে।) B. Double Preposition (দ্বৈত Preposition) Formed by joining two Simple Prepositions . দুটি Simple Preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যখন একটি নতুন Preposition গঠিত হয়, তাকে Double Preposition বলে। Formation (গঠন): in + to = into on + to = onto with + in = within up + on = upon with + out = without বাক্যে প্রয়োগ:  He walked into  the room. (সে হেঁটে ঘরের ভেতরে ঢুকল।) C. Compound Preposition (যৌগিক Preposition) Formed by adding a Simple Preposition as a prefix to a Noun, Adjective, or Adverb. Noun, Adjective বা Adverb-এর পূর্বে Simple Preposition যুক্ত হয়ে এটি গঠিত হয়। মনে রাখার কৌশল:  এসব শব্দে সাধারণত 'on'  পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'a'  হয় এবং 'by'  পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'be'  হয়। Examples: on + cross = Across by + hind = Behind by + side = Beside by + tween = Between Also: about, above, along, around, below, beneath, beyond. বাক্যে প্রয়োগ:  The river flows across  the village. (নদীটি গ্রামের মধ্য দিয়ে প্রবাহিত হয়।) D. Phrase Preposition (শব্দগুচ্ছ Preposition) A group of words functioning as a single preposition. দুই বা ততোধিক শব্দ একত্রে মিলে যখন একটি Preposition-এর কাজ করে, তখন তাকে Phrase Preposition বলে। Examples: In front of  (সামনে) In spite of  (সত্ত্বেও) In order to  (উদ্দেশ্যে) Because of  (কারণে) বাক্যে প্রয়োগ:  He succeeded by dint of  hard work. (সে কঠোর পরিশ্রমের বদৌলতে  সফল হয়েছে।) E. Participle Preposition Present Participle ( Verb+ing ) or Past Participle ( Verb+ed ) functioning as a preposition. যখন Participle (Verb-এর সাথে ing বা ed যুক্ত রূপ) সরাসরি Verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত না হয়ে Preposition-এর মতো কাজ করে। Examples:  regarding (বিষয়ে), considering (বিবেচনা করে), concerning, owing, during (সময়ে), past. বাক্যে প্রয়োগ: Considering  his age, he walks fast. (তার বয়স বিবেচনা করে  বলা যায় সে দ্রুত হাঁটে।) F. Disguised Preposition (ছদ্মবেশী Preposition) Prepositions that are not used directly but in a disguised form (like 'a' or 'o'). যখন on, at, বা of সরাসরি ব্যবহৃত না হয়ে অন্য রূপে (যেমন a  বা o ) ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাকে Disguised Preposition বলে। Examples: o'  = of (It is 10 o'clock  -> of clock) a  = on (The king went a-hunting  -> on hunting) Exercise-1 PSC & Other Exam Questions 1. Looking directly ______ the sun is bad for your eyes. [CGDF 2012] A. in B. at C. through D. upon Ans: B (Explanation: The verb " look " is followed by the preposition " at " when directing one's gaze toward something.) 2. You can park your car outside our house. Here 'outside' is used as a/an- [ICT 2019] A. preposition B. adverb C. adjective D. conjunction Ans: A (Explanation: Here, " outside " governs the noun phrase "our house" and shows its relationship to the parking action, functioning as a preposition .) 3. He has recently parted ______ his wife. [ICT 2019] A. for B. to C. with D. into Ans: C (Explanation: While the standard distinction is "part from a person" and "part with a thing", in many local exams where 'from' is not an option, " part with " is accepted as the answer for separation.) 4. We went out ______ cold weather. [ICT 2019] A. Despite B. inspite C. besides D. although Ans: A (Explanation: " Despite " is a preposition used to show contrast. "In spite" requires 'of', and "Although" requires a full clause.) 5. Do not jeer ______ the girl. [Foreign Ministry 2011] A. at B. by C. for D. from Ans: A (Explanation: The verb " jeer " (to mock) takes the preposition " at ".) 6. It is quarter ______ ten. [Labour Ministry 2019] A. before B. To C. from D. at Ans: B (Explanation: In telling time, we use " to " to indicate minutes remaining until the hour. "Quarter to ten" means 9:45.) 7. He is no match ______ me. [Labour Ministry 2019] A. for B. to C. with D. at Ans: A (Explanation: The phrase " match for " means equal in quality or strength to someone.) 8. Choose the correct preposition. Money is not the solution ______ every problem [Health Eng 2019] A. of B. for C. to D. at Ans: C (Explanation: The noun " solution " takes the preposition " to " a problem.) 9. He is destitute ______ any friend here in this city. [NSI 2011] A. of B. by C. with D. none Ans: A (Explanation: " Destitute of " means lacking or without something.) 10. Fill in the blank with preposition. Fish abounds ______ this pond. [Health & Family Welfare 2019] A. In B. at C. of D. on Ans: A (Explanation: When the subject is the living thing (Fish), we use " abound in ". If the subject is the place (Pond), we use "abound with".) 11. Choose the right option. It is 4:30 ______ my watch. [Health & Family Welfare 2019] A. at B. on C. in D. by Ans: D (Explanation: The standard idiom for time shown on a clock is " by  my watch".) 12. She is named ______ her grandmother. [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. about B. after C. according D. to Ans: B (Explanation: " Named after " means to give someone the name of another person as a way of honoring them.) 13. He spent the entire afternoon ______ the phone. [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. at B. with C. on D. in Ans: C (Explanation: We use " on  the phone" to describe the act of talking via telephone.) 14. The professor ______ Australia amazed the students with her stories. [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. In B. at C. from D. of Ans: C (Explanation: " From " indicates origin. The professor originates from Australia.) 15. Who informed the police ______ the matter? [Foreign Ministry 2019] A. of B. by C. at D. in Ans: A (Explanation: The verb " inform " is followed by " of " (or about) the topic.) 16. He unfortunately died ______ overtaking. [Various Ministries 2019] A. by B. of C. for D. from Ans: D (Explanation: " Died from " is used for external causes or indirect results (like accidents caused by overtaking).) 17. The police ruled ______ the possibility that she was murdered. [Power Ministry 2019] A. out B. on C. against D. in Ans: A (Explanation: " Rule out " means to exclude or dismiss a possibility.) 18. Please, pass the book ______ to her when you've finished reading it. [Power Ministry 2019] A. out B. over C. away D. on Ans: D (Explanation: " Pass on " means to transfer or give something to the next person.) 19. You should not be so impatient ______ her. [Power Ministry 2019] A. on B. to C. with D. over Ans: C (Explanation: One is " impatient with " a person.) 20. I opened the door and the candle blew ______ [Power Ministry 2019] A. Out B. off C. over D. on Ans: A (Explanation: " Blow out " means to be extinguished by air current.) 21. 'Exercise is beneficial ______ health. [Foreign Ministry 2011] A. With B. to C. for D. on Ans: B (Explanation: The adjective " beneficial " takes the preposition " to ".) 22. He went down the road? Here 'down' is a- [LGRD 2019] A. preposition B. adverb C. noun D. verb Ans: A (Explanation: " Down " is showing the relationship between the movement (went) and the noun (road), functioning as a preposition .) 23. He did everything ______ pursuit of happiness. [LGRD 2019] A. at B. for C. in D. with Ans: C (Explanation: The phrase is " in pursuit of ".) 24. He is bent ______ going. [LGRD 2011] A. on B. at C. for D. to Ans: A (Explanation: " Bent on " means determined to do something.) 25. Where did you find this ______? [Road Transport 2011] A. from B. to C. in D. of Ans: A (Explanation: While grammatically "Where did you find this?" is complete, in local exam contexts, " from " is the expected preposition indicating source.) 26. The train is ______ time. [Road Transport 2011] A. in B. on C. at D. by Ans: B (Explanation: " On time " means scheduled/punctual. "In time" means early enough. For trains/schedules, "on time" is standard.) 27. The boy is looking ______ his lost book. [Cultural Affairs 2011] A. of B. for C. at D. on Ans: B (Explanation: " Look for " means to search.) 28. A friend ______ need is a friend indeed. [Cultural Affairs 2019] A. To B. in C. at D. for Ans: B (Explanation: The proverb is "A friend in need  is a friend indeed.") 29. I have no pen to write ______ [Cultural Affairs 2012] A. By B. at C. on D. with Ans: D (Explanation: You write " with " a pen (instrument).) 30. Our examination will start ______ Monday next. [Cultural Affairs 2019] A. on B. at C. for D. in Ans: A (Explanation: Days of the week take the preposition " on ".) 31. He deals ______ rice. [Information Ministry 2019] A. With B. for C. of D. in Ans: D (Explanation: " Deal in " means to trade or do business in a product.) 32. He retired ______ a pension. [Information Ministry 2019] A. From B. into C. to D. on Ans: D (Explanation: " Retire on " a pension refers to the financial support one lives on after retiring.) 33. We should have no sympathy ______ war criminals of 1971. [Information Ministry 2019] A. With B. for C. at D. to Ans: B (Explanation: " Sympathy for " is used to express feelings of pity or support for someone's situation.) 34. He succeeded by dint ______ hard work. [Govt. High School 2016] A. for B. off C. of D. with Ans: C (Explanation: The idiom is " by dint of ", meaning "by means of".) 35. The teacher is popular ______ his students. [Govt. High School 2011] A. to B. between C. with D. of Ans: C (Explanation: " Popular with " means liked by a specific group.) 36. Father put ______ some amount of money for the education of his daughter. [Govt. High School 2019] A. Up B. aside C. into D. on Ans: B (Explanation: " Put aside " means to save money for a future purpose.) 37. Many people of our country live ______ hand to mouth. [Govt. High School 2019] A. from B. on C. with D. by Ans: A (Explanation: The idiom is " live from hand to mouth ", meaning to have only enough money to pay for immediate needs.) 38. He lives ______ Mirpur road in Dhaka. [Primary Edu 2019] A. into B. from C. on D. at Ans: C  (or D in some contexts, but 'on' is standard for roads) (Explanation: We use " on " for roads/streets. "He lives on Mirpur road.") 39. The student was exempted ______ paying his fees. [Primary Edu 2019] A. to B. of C. under D. from Ans: D (Explanation: " Exempted from " means free from an obligation.) 40. 'Between' is a preposition that is used when ______ people are involved. [Primary Edu 2019] A. four B. many C. two D. three Ans: C (Explanation: " Between " generally refers to a relationship involving two  items/people.) 41. The sea is ______ the hotel. [Primary Edu 2019] A. at side of B. close C. beside D. near by Ans: C (Explanation: " Beside " means "next to". Options A and B are grammatically incomplete.) 42. Time trips ______ on rosy wings. [Defence Ministry 2018] A. at B. with C. by D. upon Ans: D  (or on) (Explanation: This is a literary quote (Thomas Campbell): "Time trips upon  (or on) rosy wings." Meaning time passes pleasantly.) 43. Keat's poems are instinct ______ patriotism. [Defence Ministry 2016] A. with B. to C. for D. at Ans: A (Explanation: " Instinct with " means imbued or filled with a quality.) 44. He died ______ the country. [Senior Staff Nurse 2018] A. From B. for C. of D. at Ans: B (Explanation: " Died for " is used when sacrificing one's life for a cause or country.) 45. A new moon hung ______ the mountains. [Various Ministries 2018] A. by B. around C. over D. beside Ans: C (Explanation: " Over " indicates position vertically above.) 46. The climate is congenial ______ health. [Various Ministries 2018] A. for B. at C. to D. in Ans: C (Explanation: " Congenial to " means agreeable or suitable for.) 47. He has no control ______ himself. [Ektee Bari 2018] A. on B. in C. at D. over Ans: D (Explanation: One has " control over " someone or something.) 48. He is an heir ______ the throne. [PWD 2018] A. to B. at C. towards D. upon Ans: A (Explanation: " Heir to " means the person entitled to inherit.) 49. My dream is to retire ______ a villa in Japan. [PWD 2018] A. with B. from C. to D. of Ans: C (Explanation: " Retire to " a place means to go there to live after retiring.) 50. My friend always goes home ______ foot. [Railway 2024] A. on B. with C. of D. By Ans: A (Explanation: The phrase is " on foot " (walking).) Exercise-2 1. I attended the ceremony and distributed prizes - three winners. [BSCIC 2023] A. to B. to C. for D. among Ans: D (Explanation: " Among " is used when distributing something to more than two people. Since there are "three winners", "among" is the correct choice.) 2. He is absent ______ the class. [BSCIC 2023] A. in B. it C. on D. from Ans: D (Explanation: " Absent from " is the standard phrase to indicate not being present at a place.) 3. I agree ______ you ______ the proposal. [PPA 2023] A. with, on B. with, to C. with, of D. of, with Ans: B  (or A, context-dependent) (Explanation: You agree with  a person. You agree to  a proposal (accept it) or agree on  a point/topic. In exam contexts involving "proposal", " agree to " is most common for acceptance. "I agree with  you to  (accept) the proposal.") 4. "A fair little girl sat under a tree". এই বাক্যটির preposition কোনটি? [PPA 2023] A. little girl B. fair C. under D. tree Ans: C (Explanation: " Under " indicates the location of the girl relative to the tree, functioning as the preposition .) 5. Come ______ the park with me. [Department of Cooperatives 2023] A. to B. in C. into D. at Ans: A  (or C depending on nuance) (Explanation: " Come to  the park" indicates destination. " Come into " implies entering. "To" is the most neutral and standard choice for "going along" with someone.) 6. 'Everything hinges ______ what happens next.' [BRDB 2023] A. by B. upon C. for D. with Ans: B (Explanation: " Hinge upon " (or hinge on) means to depend completely on something.) 7. 'Early rising is conducive ______ health' বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক শব্দ বসবে- [BRDB 2023] A. to B. for C. in D. of Ans: A (Explanation: " Conducive to " means providing the right conditions for something good to happen/exist.) 8. Which of the following sentence is correct? [Biman Bangladesh 2023] A. I think to be my best friend. B. I think as my best friend. C. I think of him as my best friend. D. I think him is my best friend. Ans: C (Explanation: The structure is " Think of [someone] as [something] ".) 9. Choose the correct sentence: [Biman Bangladesh 2023] A. They acted in accordance to his advice. B. They acted following his advice. C. They acted according to his advice. D. They acted upon his advice. Ans: D (Explanation: " Act upon " means to take action based on information or advice. Note: "Acted according to" is also grammatical, but "acted upon" is a strong idiomatic collocation for advice. ) 10. Be careful when driving ______ adverse weather condition. [Titas Gas 2023] A. to B. under C. along D. during Ans: B  (or D) (Explanation: You operate under  specific conditions (e.g., under adverse conditions). "During" is also possible for time, but "under" fits the state/condition context well.) 11. The boss was angry ______ the boy for his slow working. [Titas Gas 2023] A. at B. with C. by D. to Ans: B (Explanation: You are angry with  a person.) 12. Early rising is beneficial ______ health. [Sundarban Gas 2023] A. for B. by C. to D. on Ans: C (Explanation: The adjective " beneficial " is followed by the preposition " to ".) 13. My father insisted ______ appearing the examination? [Sundarban Gas 2023] A. me for B. for my C. that I D. on my Ans: D (Explanation: " Insist on " is the correct phrasal verb, followed by the possessive + gerund ("my appearing").) 14. He did it ______ his own accord. [Family Planning 2023] A. of B. at C. by D. on Ans: A (Explanation: The idiom is " of his own accord ", meaning voluntarily.) 15. He parted ______ his friends in tears. [BREB 2023] A. With B. from C. against D. of Ans: B  (or A in some contexts) (Explanation: Standard English distinguishes: Part from  a person, Part with  a possession. "Parted from  his friends".) 16. His building is adjacent ______ mine. [Polytechnic 2023] A. On B. for C. with D. to Ans: D (Explanation: " Adjacent to " means next to or adjoining.) 17. Hamlet pretended ______ madness. [Polytechnic 2023] A. with B. at C. against D. of Ans: D  (This is an obscure/archaic usage or potential typo in the source question). (Explanation: In modern English, we say "pretended madness" (no preposition) or "pretended to be mad". However, archaic structures sometimes use "pretend of". Given standard options, "pretend to " is usual, but absent here. If forced, D might be the intended answer in a specific literary context, but grammatically "feigned madness" (no prep) is better.) 18. We protested ______ his tyranny. [Polytechnic 2023] A. On B. over C. against D. at Ans: C (Explanation: " Protest against " means to express opposition to something.) 19. 'Call me if you face any problem regarding your work'. Here 'regarding' is a. [Defence Ministry 2023] A. gerund B. apposition C. preposition D. conjunction Ans: C (Explanation: " Regarding " functions as a preposition  meaning "about" or "concerning".) 20. He has been ill ______ Friday last. [Health Dept 2023] A. since B. from C. for D. of Ans: A (Explanation: " Since " is used with perfect tenses to denote a starting point in time.) 21. You can only do it ______ my dead body. [BAPEX 2022] A. on B. over C. upon D. under Ans: B (Explanation: The idiom is " over my dead body ", meaning "I will absolutely not allow it".) 22. Please do not intrude ______ my privacy. [BAPEX 2022] A. On B. in C. into D. upon Ans: C  (or A/D) (Explanation: " Intrude into " or " Intrude upon " are both used. "Intrude into privacy" emphasizes the entry into the private space.) 23. Nelson Mandela will go ______ in history as one of the greatest men that ever lived. [Cantonment College 2022] A. down B. through C. by D. on Ans: A (Explanation: " Go down in history " is an idiom meaning to be remembered by future generations.) 24. Anwar was debarred ______ appearing in the exam. [BAPEX 2022] A. of B. against C. with D. from Ans: D (Explanation: " Debarred from " means officially prevented or excluded from doing something.) 25. The man died ______ overwork. [Information Ministry 2023] A. by B. from C. for D. of Ans: B (Explanation: " Died from " is used for external causes or effects of lifestyle like overwork, injury, or wound.) 26. If you had studied hard ______ [Information Ministry 2023] A. you would succeed in the examination. B. you should have succeeded in the examination. C. you could succeed in the examination. D. you would have succeeded in the examination. Ans: D (Explanation: This is a Third Conditional  sentence. Structure: If + Past Perfect + would have + V3 . "If you had studied hard, you would have succeeded ...") 27. Let us go for a walk ______ the river. [Foreign Ministry 2022] A. across B. through C. along D. over Ans: C (Explanation: " Along " means moving in a constant direction beside something long (like a river or road).) 28. He is coming back ______ [Foreign Ministry 2022] A. on next Thursday B. at next Thursday C. next Thursday D. in next Thursday Ans: C (Explanation: When we use "next", "last", or "this" with time expressions (next Thursday), we do not  use prepositions like "on" or "in".) 29. The work was done ______ haste. [Foreign Ministry 2022] A. for B. over C. by D. in Ans: D (Explanation: The phrase is " in haste ", meaning quickly or hurriedly.) 30. There is no exception ______ this rule. [Foreign Ministry 2022] A. Of B. to C. from D. at Ans: B (Explanation: " Exception to " means a case where a rule does not apply.) 31. The old road goes ______ the village. [Foreign Ministry 2021] A. to the village B. over C. under D. through Ans: D (Explanation: " Through " indicates movement entering one side and coming out the other side of an area (the village).) 32. I sincerely apologize ______ the enormous delay in delivery. [Various Ministries 2022] A. to B. for C. at D. an Ans: B (Explanation: You apologize for  a mistake or situation. You apologize to  a person. Here, it is the delay (situation), so " for ".) 33. Give me a pen to write ______ [Various Ministries 2022] A. With B. to C. for D. on Ans: A (Explanation: You write " with " a pen (instrument).) Exercise-3 1. The problem is anything but easy. Here 'but' is a/an-. [Various Ministries 2022] A. preposition B. adjective C. conjunction D. adverb Ans: A (Explanation: Here, " but " means "except". When "but" is used to mean "except", it functions as a preposition . The phrase "anything but" means "not at all" or "everything except".) 2. Look ______ the word in the dictionary. [Various Ministries 2022] A. After B. up C. into D. for Ans: B (Explanation: The phrasal verb " look up " means to search for information (like a word) in a reference book.) 3. I ______ great sufferings. [Health Dept 2022] A. gone through B. went through C. go over D. went out Ans: B (Explanation: " Go through " means to experience or endure a difficult situation. " Went through " is the correct past tense form.) 4. Goodbye! See you ______ Friday [Health Dept 2022] A. in B. at C. on D. of Ans: C (Explanation: We use the preposition " on " with specific days of the week.) 5. 'He went a hunting'. Here 'a' is used as a/an- [Health Dept 2022] A. determiner B. preposition C. indefinite article D. modifier Ans: B (Explanation: This is known as a disguised preposition . Here, 'a' represents the old preposition "on" (He went on  hunting).) 6. He takes a lot of interest ______ game. [Health Dept 2022] A. For B. in C. at D. with Ans: B (Explanation: The noun " interest " is followed by the preposition " in ".) 7. Our teacher teaches Mathematics ______ English. [Health Dept 2022] A. across B. besides C. beside D. both Ans: B (Explanation: " Besides " means "in addition to". The sentence implies the teacher teaches Mathematics as well as  English. Note: "Beside" means "next to". ) 8. Please, do not laugh ______ those beggars. [Health Dept 2022] A. for B. against C. at D. from Ans: C (Explanation: The verb " laugh " takes the preposition " at " when directed towards someone (mockery).) 9. You should not run ______ debt. [Biman Bangladesh 2021] A. on B. into C. with D. in Ans: B (Explanation: The idiom is " run into debt ", meaning to incur or get into debt.) 10. He was deprived ______ his paternal property. [Nursing 2021] A. For B. on C. of D. at Ans: C (Explanation: " Deprived of " means prevented from having or using something.) 11. The goat was run ______ by a car. [ICT 2020] A. off B. of C. over D. up Ans: C (Explanation: " Run over " means to hit and drive over something with a vehicle.) 12. The dog is running ______ the fox. [ICT 2020] A. at B. for C. to D. off Ans: A (Explanation: " Run at " implies attacking or charging towards someone. In the absence of "after" (chasing), " at " is the standard choice for aggressive pursuit.) 13. In accordance ______ his advice I should visit my sister's house. [BADC 2020] A. with B. for C. of D. to Ans: A (Explanation: The fixed phrase is " in accordance with ", meaning in agreement or compliance with.) 14. The test consists ______ forty questions. [Sundarban Gas 2020] A. in B. of C. with D. for Ans: B (Explanation: " Consist of " means to be made up or composed of.) 15. Are you aware ______ the situation in Libya? [Sundarban Gas 2020] A. for B. in C. on D. of Ans: D (Explanation: The adjective " aware " takes the preposition " of ".) 16. I am capable ______ doing it. [BREB 2020] A. in B. of C. with D. for Ans: B (Explanation: " Capable of " is the correct structure followed by a gerund.) 17. His way of life is worthy ______ praise. [Textile 2020] A. Of B. for C. over D. at Ans: A (Explanation: " Worthy of " means deserving of something.) 18. He is callous ______ his studies. [BBS 2020] A. on B. to C. for D. with Ans: B (Explanation: " Callous to " means insensitive or indifferent toward something.) 19. Mamtaz was married ______ Shahjahan. [BBS 2020] A. with B. to C. for D. by Ans: B (Explanation: In the passive voice ("was married"), the correct preposition is " to ". Mamtaz was married to Shahjahan.) 20. Khadija prefers mutton ______ beef. [BBS 2020] A. to B. of C. on D. for Ans: A (Explanation: The verb " prefer " is followed by " to " when comparing two nouns (Prefer X to Y).) 21. This agent is acting ______ Atico. [BBS 2020] A. of B. for C. to D. at Ans: B (Explanation: " Acting for " means representing or working on behalf of a person or company.) 22. Karim was angry ______ his conduct. [BBS 2020] A. With B. by C. on D. for Ans: D (Explanation: Usually, one is angry at  conduct or a situation. Since "at" is not an option, " for " (meaning 'because of') is the most appropriate choice among the distractors. "With" is strictly for persons.) 23. We work everyday except Friday. What part of speech is 'except'? [Education Eng 2019] A. adjective B. preposition C. conjunction D. adverb Ans: B (Explanation: " Except " governs the noun "Friday" to indicate exclusion, thus functioning as a preposition .) 24. Congratulations ______ your success. [Education Eng 2019] A. For B. to C. on D. of Ans: C (Explanation: We offer congratulations " on " an achievement or success.) 25. Who did you give the money ______? [Home Ministry 2019] A. for B. by C. with D. to Ans: D (Explanation: The sentence structure is: "You gave the money to  who(m)?" The preposition " to " is required for the recipient.) 26. All my efforts to bring ______ a compromise ended in smoke. [Home Ministry 2019] A. with B. about C. in D. to Ans: B (Explanation: " Bring about " means to cause something to happen.) 27. He was exempted ______ attending the seminar. [Home Ministry 2019] A. from B. by C. for D. without Ans: A (Explanation: " Exempted from " means freed from a duty or obligation.) 28. The man is true ______ his word. [Home Ministry 2011] A. to B. with C. about D. for Ans: A (Explanation: " True to " one's word means keeping one's promises.) 29. The two friends differ ______ opinion from each other. [BSCIC 2011] A. by B. at C. of D. from Ans: D (Explanation: While one differs in  opinion, the full structure involves differing " from " each other. In local exams, "from" is often the tested preposition when "each other" follows.) 30. Arif was quite familiar ______ his neighbors. [BSCIC 2019] A. with B. of C. to D. at Ans: A (Explanation: A person is " familiar with " someone/something (meaning they know them well). Note: Something is "familiar to" a person. ) 31. I am ignorant ______ my future. [BSCIC 2019] A. to B. of C. at D. on Ans: B (Explanation: " Ignorant of " means lacking knowledge or awareness about something.) 32. The angry mother slapped the rude child right ______ his face. [BSCIC 2011] A. on B. over C. upon D. across Ans: D (Explanation: " Across  the face" is the standard idiom for a slap, implying movement across the surface.) 33. The diagram I am referring is given ______ page three. [BSCIC 2011] A. to, on B. to; at C. at; on D. at; in Ans: A (Explanation: Refer to : "The diagram I am referring to ..." On page : "...is given on  page three.") 34. Call ______ a doctor. [Health Eng 2019] A. for B. at C. in D. by Ans: C (Explanation: " Call in " means to summon a professional (like a doctor) to provide a service.) 35. The coach told the team to prepare well ______ the final match. [CGDF 2019] A. ahead B. abreast C. beyond D. ahead of Ans: D (Explanation: " Ahead of " means before or prior to an upcoming event.)

VERB QUESTIONS Verb Formation & Identification 1. Verb of the word 'height'- [Foreign Ministry 2022] A. heighten B. higher C. heist D. heifer Ans: A 2. Choose the verb from the options. [Various Ministries 2022] A. ton B. very C. great D. green Ans: D 3. The verb form of the word 'milk' is-. [Various Ministries 2022] A. milkyn B. milk C. milker D. milkshake won Ans: B 4. Verb of the word 'Simplification' is [ACC 2020] A. Simply B. Simple C. Simplify D. Similar Ans: C 5. What is the verb form of word 'Habit? [BBS 2020] A. habitable B. habitation C. habitual D. habituate Ans: D . Exercise -2 1. Verb of the word 'Friend' is- A. Friendly B. Friendship C. Befriend D. Friends Ans: C 2. What is the verb form of the word 'Danger'? A. Dangerous B. Endanger C. Dangerously D. Danger Ans: B 3. The verb form of 'Blood' is- A. Bleed B. Bloody C. Bloods D. Blade Ans: A 4. Choose the verb from the options. A. Beautiful B. Beauty C. Beautify D. Beautifully Ans: C 5. Verb of the word 'Strong' is- A. Strength B. Strengthen C. Strongly D. Strung Ans: B 6. What is the verb form of 'Action'? A. Act B. Active C. Activity D. Actual Ans: A 7. Verb of the word 'Slave' is- A. Slavery B. Enslave C. Slavish D. Slaver Ans: B 8. The verb form of 'Length' is- A. Long B. Lengthy C. Lengthen D. Lingering Ans: C 9. Choose the correct verb form of 'Power'. A. Powerful B. Powerless C. Empower D. Powerfully Ans: C 10. What is the verb form of 'Prison'? A. Prisoner B. Imprison C. Prisoned D. Prisons Ans: B 11. Verb of the word 'Large' is- A. Largely B. Largeness C. Enlarge D. Largest Ans: C 12. The verb form of 'Food' is- A. Feed B. Foody C. Fed D. Feeding Ans: A 13. Which of the following is a verb? A. Water B. Watery C. Waterless D. Aquatic Ans: A   (Note: 'Water' acts as both noun and verb) 14. Verb of the word 'Economy' is- A. Economic B. Economical C. Economize D. Economics Ans: C 15. What is the verb form of 'Terror'? A. Terrible B. Terrific C. Terrify D. Terrorist Ans: C 16. Verb of the word 'Circle' is- A. Circular B. Encircle C. Circuit D. Circulate Ans: B 17. The verb form of 'Success' is- A. Successful B. Succeed C. Succession D. Successive Ans: B 18. Verb of the word 'Little' is- A. Belittle B. Less C. Least D. Littleness Ans: A 19. What is the verb form of 'Courage'? A. Courageous B. Encourage C. Courageously D. Courages Ans: B 20. Choose the verb from the options. A. Bookish B. Book C. Booker D. Booklet Ans: B   (Note: To 'book' a ticket) 21. Verb of the word 'Sharp' is- A. Sharpness B. Sharpen C. Sharply D. Sharper Ans: B 22. The verb form of 'Example' is- A. Exemplify B. Exemplary C. Exampled D. Examples Ans: A 23. Verb of the word 'Person' is- A. Personal B. Personnel C. Personify D. Personality Ans: C 24. What is the verb form of 'Joy'? A. Joyful B. Enjoy C. Joyous D. Joyfully Ans: B 25. Verb of the word 'Just' is- A. Justice B. Justly C. Justify D. Justification Ans: C 26. The verb form of 'Gold' is- A. Golden B. Gild C. Goldy D. Goldsmith Ans: B 27. Verb of the word 'Able' is- A. Ability B. Unable C. Enable D. Ably Ans: C 28. What is the verb form of 'Origin'? A. Original B. Originate C. Originally D. Origins Ans: B 29. Verb of the word 'Memory' is- A. Memorable B. Memorial C. Memorize D. Memoir Ans: C 30. The verb form of 'Clean' is- A. Cleanse B. Cleanly C. Cleanness D. Cleaner Ans: A