Is it really necessary to have a camera in your mobile phone? Why? Yes, it is quite necessary nowadays. Many apps and platforms rely on video chatting and sharing photos, which makes having a camera in your phone very practical. For instance, if you’re involved in a car accident, you can quickly take photos of the scene to document what happened. Given that most people use their smartphones to access the internet and communicate, having a built-in camera is convenient and makes sense. Is it a better idea to have a camera separately? Why? Generally, no, unless you are a serious photographer. Carrying a separate camera can be cumbersome and increases the risk of losing or forgetting it. For everyday use, a camera integrated into your phone is more convenient. However, if you are passionate about photography and seek higher quality images or specific features, a professional camera might be worth the investment. For casual photography, though, a smartphone camera usually suffices. Is it better to look at your photos on screen or in albums in your view? Both have their advantages, but looking at photos on a screen is often more practical. With a smartphone, you can easily share photos via social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, allowing friends to view them even if they’re not with you. While physical albums can be enjoyable to flip through and offer a tangible experience, digital screens offer greater convenience for sharing and accessing photos quickly. Is it really necessary to have professional photographers in the media? Why? Yes, professional photographers are essential in the media because photography is a specialized skill. Professionals are trained to capture high-quality, compelling images that tell a story or convey important information. They are adept at handling various scenarios, including challenging lighting conditions and complex compositions. Their work often involves travel and research, which justifies their expertise and compensation. Do you think that some pictures in the media are taken by amateurs? Yes, it is possible. Sometimes, amateur photographers are in the right place at the right time, capturing significant events or moments that get published in the media. For example, during natural disasters or notable celebrity sightings, photos taken by non-professionals can make their way into news outlets. These images can provide unique perspectives and add to the coverage of events. Do many people like taking photos in your country? Yes, many people enjoy taking photos in my country. With the rise of social media and the accessibility of smartphones with high-quality cameras, photography has become a popular pastime. People often capture moments from their daily lives, travel experiences, and special events. Which device do they usually use to take photos? Most people use their smartphones to take photos. The convenience and quality of smartphone cameras make them a popular choice for everyday photography. Additionally, some enthusiasts and professionals may use dedicated digital cameras or DSLRs for higher quality and more advanced features. What types of photos do people like to take? People often enjoy taking a variety of photos, including selfies, scenic landscapes, family gatherings, and photos of their pets. Travel photography is also popular, as people like to capture memorable moments and beautiful locations from their trips. What do you think of selfies? Selfies are a popular way for people to capture and share moments from their lives. They allow individuals to document their experiences and share them with friends and family. While selfies can be fun and engaging, they can sometimes contribute to a focus on appearance and self-image. Overall, they are a significant part of modern photography culture. Do you think it’s ok to share photos online without people’s permission? No, it’s generally not okay to share photos online without people’s permission. Respect for privacy is important, and individuals should obtain consent before posting images of others. This helps ensure that people’s personal boundaries are respected and that their images are used appropriately. What makes a good photo? A good photo typically has strong composition, clear focus, and appropriate lighting. It should effectively convey the intended message or emotion and capture the subject in an engaging way. Technical aspects like exposure, color balance, and framing also contribute to a photo’s overall quality. How does a photo differ from a painting? A photo captures a real moment in time with visual accuracy, while a painting involves artistic interpretation and creativity. Photos are usually more literal and objective, showing what actually exists, whereas paintings can be more subjective, reflecting the artist’s perspective and imagination. Is it true that a photo can tell no lies? While photos are often seen as objective records of reality, they can be manipulated or taken out of context. Lighting, angles, and editing can alter the way a photo represents a scene or subject. Thus, while photos can be powerful tools for storytelling, they may not always tell the complete truth. What does it take to be a good photographer? Being a good photographer requires a combination of technical skills and artistic vision. Understanding camera settings, composition, and lighting is crucial. Additionally, having a keen eye for detail and the ability to capture moments effectively are important qualities. Creativity, practice, and a passion for photography also play significant roles in developing expertise.

What kinds of music do children generally listen to? When it comes to children, their music preferences are typically quite limited. The most popular genre is children's music, which often revolves around simple lyrics about nature or everyday experiences. For example, you might hear songs like “Look, the Yellow Butterfly” or “When I'm Grade 3”, which describe the beauty of butterflies or the experience of starting grade 3. Other types of music are less common among kids and tend to be off the radar. Do you think it is good for children to listen to music? Do you think the government should require all students to learn music? Absolutely. Research suggests that early exposure to music sparks creativity and boosts cognitive abilities in children. Music also serves as a wonderfully expressive art form that people of all ages can enjoy. Through music, kids can learn about the world and different life experiences through lyrics, and it's a fantastic way for them to blow off steam. I can’t see any downsides to children enjoying music. As for making music education mandatory, it could be beneficial, but it’s also important to balance it with other subjects and interests. Are you good at any kind of music? People often say I have a natural knack for music and an intuitive sense of musicality. I can usually predict what’s coming next in a song due to my knowledge of music theory. However, I can’t play any instruments well. I tried learning the violin when I was ten but found it challenging and quit after a short while. Sometimes, I think if I had stuck with it and put in more effort, I might have become quite proficient by now. Should music be free? What’s your opinion on music piracy? Do you agree that we should support music? To some extent, yes. Music is often accessible for free through TV and radio. However, if someone downloads music onto their personal device, they should shell out a small fee to support the artists and composers. If music were entirely free, it could dampen the motivation for creators to produce new work. Supporting music through purchases helps ensure that artists are compensated for their efforts. Do you think it's important for schools to have music classes for young children? Absolutely. Music classes introduce children to the world of music and provide access to those who might not otherwise experience it. Fostering an interest in music from an early age can lead to lifelong engagement, whether through learning an instrument or joining a choir. Music classes also help children understand how music enhances our lives, such as through movie soundtracks or TV shows. Without these classes, many children might only have a superficial understanding of music and miss out on its benefits. Do you like to visit movie theaters? Yes, I love catching a movie at the theater with friends on weekends. We usually grab some snacks, like fried chips and chicken, and then hit the top floor to watch a blockbuster. There’s something special about the whole experience. What do old people like to listen to? Why do you think old people like old songs? Older generations tend to prefer classic songs, especially ballads or love songs. These tunes often feature meaningful lyrics and provide a chance to reflect on their lives. Melodious pieces help them unwind and get lost in the music. Additionally, songs about past wars can evoke memories of difficult times and the hardships they endured. Why do you think people of different age groups have different favorite songs? People from different age groups belong to different eras, each with its own musical trends. Teenagers often follow the latest pop hits and viral songs because they’re influenced by current trends and social media. On the other hand, older individuals might gravitate towards music from their past, which often rekindles memories and connects them with their earlier life experiences. Why do some people like to play a musical instrument in the open? Playing music outdoors can be a great way to share joy and connect with others. For instance, I’ve seen university students gather in parks, strumming guitars and singing group songs. This creates a vibrant atmosphere where everyone can feel the beat and enjoy the music together. Passers-by often pause to listen, adding to the communal enjoyment. Do you think children should learn how to sing? I wouldn’t say it’s absolutely necessary for all children to learn how to sing, as it’s a skill many of us have inherently. Unless a child is genuinely interested in pursuing a singing career, formal training might not be essential. Most people can naturally sing without specific lessons. What are the differences in the music that young and old people listen to? There are several noticeable differences. Young people generally prefer pop music, while older generations often enjoy traditional tunes like folk music or classic ballads. Young people might be more into the latest hits, while older folks often have a fondness for music that reflects their past experiences and values. Why do you think that some local singers or musicians aren’t as successful as some from other countries? Some local singers or musicians might not achieve international success for several reasons. One key factor is the music industry’s focus on commercial appeal. Many successful artists create music that caters to mainstream tastes, which often involves high levels of promotion and marketing. Additionally, language can play a significant role. English is the dominant language in the global music industry, and artists from English-speaking countries like the USA and the UK have historically had a substantial influence. While local artists may excel in their own regions, they might not reach a wider audience if their music doesn't translate well internationally or if it's not in English. Do you think that the language of the song matters? Why do you think that? Yes, the language of a song can significantly impact its commercial success. While music's emotional and artistic elements transcend language, English remains the most widely spoken language in the global music market. For example, Shakira's transition from Spanish to English broadened her international appeal and boosted her sales. The English-speaking market is the largest globally, so singing in English can help artists reach a broader audience. However, this doesn’t diminish the value of music in other languages; it just highlights the commercial benefits of tapping into the largest markets. Do you think the Internet has affected the music industry? In what ways? The Internet has profoundly transformed the music industry. It has democratized access to music, allowing artists to reach global audiences without traditional industry intermediaries. Platforms like YouTube and social media enable artists to gain exposure and build fan bases independently. Furthermore, the shift from physical media to digital downloads and streaming services has changed how people consume music, making it more accessible. This shift also allows for a more diverse range of music to be discovered and enjoyed by people worldwide. Do you think there will be further changes in the music industry in the future? Yes, the music industry is likely to continue evolving with advancements in technology. The use of algorithms in music production, which helps create songs designed to be instantly appealing, is becoming more common. This trend may lead to a greater homogenization of popular music as formulas for success are replicated. However, technology will also likely enable more innovative ways for artists to create and distribute their work. As new platforms and tools emerge, they could further reshape how music is made and consumed, potentially giving rise to new trends and opportunities. Do you think the music young people listen to in your country is becoming more globalized? Why/Why not? Yes, music in my country is becoming increasingly globalized, largely due to the Internet. Young people now have access to a vast array of global music and culture, leading to a blending of local and international influences. This is facilitated by streaming services, social media, and online platforms that make it easier to discover and share music from around the world. As a result, local music scenes are influenced by global trends, and young people are exposed to a broader range of musical styles and genres than ever before. This global interconnectedness reflects a larger trend of cultural convergence facilitated by technology. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Limited: Not extensive or varied. Look, the Yellow Butterfly: Example of children's music. Off the radar: Not widely known or popular. Sparks creativity: Encourages creative thinking. Wonderfully expressive art form: Art that conveys emotions effectively. Blow off steam: Release pent-up energy or emotions. Knack: Natural talent or skill. Predict what’s coming next: Anticipate future events or changes. Stuck with it: Persist in an endeavor. Downloads: Transfers data from the internet. Shell out: Spend money. Dampen the motivation: Reduce enthusiasm. Compensated: Paid for work or services. Fostering an interest: Encouraging enthusiasm. Enhances: Improves or adds to. Snacks: Light foods eaten between meals. Hit the top floor: Go to the upper level of a building. Meaningful lyrics: Lyrics with significant emotional or personal value. Reflect: Think deeply or carefully about. Unwind: Relax and de-stress. Evokes memories: Brings past experiences to mind. Belong to different eras: Associated with different periods in time. Rekindles memories: Triggers past memories. Share joy: Provide happiness to others. Gather in parks: Meet together in outdoor areas. Feel the beat: Enjoy the rhythm of the music. Pause to listen: Stop briefly to hear something. Fulfill my desire for excitement and exploration

Piracy is a serious problem in Vietnam, especially in the field of publication. What’s your opinion? Yes, piracy is a significant issue in Vietnam, particularly in the publishing sector. Unauthorized copies of books and films being distributed before their official release result in substantial financial losses for publishers and harm national revenue. Additionally, it's a violation of intellectual property laws. Despite efforts by the Vietnamese government, including education, stricter penalties, and preventive measures, the problem persists due to the potential for high profits from piracy. Some consumers are attracted to the lower prices of pirated copies, which complicates the issue. I believe the government should also target those who seek out these counterfeit goods, and DVD or VCD player manufacturers could design products that are incompatible with pirated copies. Social Media: What might be a reason for a person to start a conversation with a stranger? Starting a conversation with a stranger can occur for several reasons. A common scenario is needing assistance or information, such as asking for directions or inquiring about a product or service. Additionally, people might strike up a conversation if they find themselves waiting in a shared space, using the opportunity to pass time or discuss a shared experience. Do you like to start conversations with strangers? [Why/Why not?] I generally don’t initiate conversations with strangers. I tend to be shy and reserved, preferring activities like listening to music or reading while waiting. I only start conversations if I need information or assistance, as mentioned earlier. How often do you do that? It doesn’t happen very often—perhaps once or twice a month. For instance, I recently had to ask for directions when I got lost on my way to an internship interview. What is the advantage of network communication, for example through Facebook or Twitter? The main advantage of network communication is the ability to connect with people globally in real-time. This removes geographical barriers, allowing for instant communication and broadening social and professional networks. While I may never meet some online acquaintances in person, it's still valuable to interact and share experiences. Advertisements: Describe the attitudes of Vietnamese people towards advertisements. Generally, Vietnamese people have a positive view of advertisements. Modern advertisements are often creative and visually appealing, drawing significant attention. However, when making purchasing decisions, people consider factors beyond just advertisements, such as product quality, service, price, and the company’s reputation. Creative ads can influence young consumers, but overall, the decision to buy is based on a broader evaluation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of advertisements? Advertisements play a crucial role by informing consumers about products and helping manufacturers promote their goods. They support media by funding content. However, advertisements can sometimes be misleading or exaggerate the benefits of products, creating unnecessary needs. Despite these drawbacks, the benefits, such as increased consumer awareness and media support, generally outweigh the disadvantages. Do advertisements create a need that otherwise wouldn't exist? To some extent, yes. While consumers today are more discerning than in the past, advertisements can still create or amplify perceived needs. Although people are more critical and compare products before purchasing, advertisements can still influence desires and spur consumption. How does advertisement influence people? Advertisements provide valuable information about products and shape purchasing trends. They can be artistic and engaging, but misleading ads can erode trust and potentially lead to a cycle of skepticism. Ads that feature inappropriate content, such as violence or sexuality, may negatively impact children and society. What do you think advertisements should specifically pay attention to? Advertisements should prioritize honesty and avoid exaggerating product claims. They should be mindful of their impact on children, ensuring content is appropriate and does not promote negative behaviors or unrealistic expectations. Do advertisements have a great influence on children and their parents? Why? Yes, advertisements significantly impact both children and their parents. They inform about trends and products but can also have negative effects if they feature inappropriate content. Children may pressure their parents to buy advertised products, potentially leading to unhealthy spending habits and family conflicts. Why are many Vietnamese people willing to pay a lot for brand-name products? Several factors contribute to this willingness. Improved living standards and increased disposable income allow people to afford luxury items. Brand-name products are often associated with higher quality and better after-sales service. Additionally, owning such products can symbolize status and provide a sense of prestige. News & Media: Do you think the information on the Internet is believable or not? Information on the Internet is not always reliable. While many sources provide useful and accurate information, there is also a significant amount of false or misleading content. It's important to critically evaluate sources and be cautious of information that may be intended to deceive or exploit. What is the most effective way of getting news? Television channels are often preferred for their real-time updates and live coverage. Online news websites are also valuable for their immediacy and broad range of sources. Newspapers, while still relevant, are sometimes less timely. Combining various media sources can provide a more comprehensive view of current events. How do reporters gather information? Reporters collect information by traveling to relevant locations, interviewing witnesses, and verifying facts. They must cross-check details to ensure accuracy and credibility. In conflict zones, this can involve significant risks. In urban areas, while the process may be less hazardous, accuracy remains critical to maintaining the credibility of the news outlet. What do you think of the importance of privacy? Privacy is crucial for maintaining dignity and protecting personal boundaries. It allows individuals to perform private activities without public scrutiny, preserving respect and social harmony. Violations of privacy can lead to embarrassment and societal judgment, making it essential to uphold privacy standards. How do journalists entertain their customers? Journalists aim to engage their audience through exclusive and compelling content. High-interest stories, such as crime or entertainment news, are often favored. By providing well-researched and intriguing reports, journalists can capture and retain reader interest. What role do media play in people’s lives? Media play a significant role in shaping public awareness and opinions. They inform about current events, influence consumer behavior through advertisements, and provide entertainment. Media exposure can affect perceptions and behaviors, highlighting its profound impact on daily life. How do people in your country gather information? In India, people primarily rely on newspapers, television, and online news for information. While newspapers are widespread, younger individuals increasingly turn to the internet for news. Social media platforms also play a role in disseminating information rapidly. What are the advantages and disadvantages of different media? Different media have their pros and cons. While they provide essential information and entertainment, they can also spread misinformation or biased views. Newspapers and television are traditional sources with established credibility, whereas online media can be less regulated, sometimes leading to the dissemination of unreliable information. Do you think it necessary to control the news coverage? Some control over news coverage may be necessary to prevent misinformation, especially on sensational topics. Proper monitoring can ensure accuracy and prevent the spread of false or inflammatory content that could negatively impact public opinion or incite unrest. What kind of news do you think should be controlled? News involving crime, violence, or sensitive communal issues should be carefully controlled to prevent misrepresentation and potential societal unrest. Sensationalist or misleading reports about such topics can escalate tensions or create unnecessary fear. Compare the people's attitude to media between now and the past 20 years. The media landscape has transformed significantly over the past 20 years. Previously, people had limited access to information through traditional media like newspapers, radio, and TV. Today, the Internet provides instant access to global news, and people are more active in sharing and discussing information online. However, the rise of fake news and unreliable sources presents new challenges, requiring more critical evaluation of information. Should we trust journalists? Why/why not? While many journalists strive to provide accurate and unbiased reporting, not all sources are reliable. It's essential to approach news critically, considering potential biases and verifying information from multiple sources to avoid misinformation. What do you think a good journalist should be like? A good journalist should maintain neutrality and integrity, ensuring accurate and fair reporting. They should uphold professional ethics, prioritize truthfulness, and contribute positively to public understanding by providing well-researched and balanced information.

What kind of qualities should a language teacher have? A language teacher should possess a mosaic of qualities to inspire and guide their students effectively. Patience, adaptability, and a passion for the language are crucial. Clear communication, cultural sensitivity, and the ability to tailor lessons to diverse learning styles also play key roles. Creating a positive and inclusive learning environment fosters the confidence needed for language acquisition. Why do people want to learn a foreign language? People embark on the journey of learning a foreign language for a myriad of reasons. It could be for travel, career opportunities, cultural exploration, or simply the joy of mastering a new skill. Learning a foreign language opens doors to communication, broadens perspectives, and enhances cognitive abilities, making it a valuable and multifaceted endeavor. Which language is likely to become dominant in the future? While predicting the future dominance of a specific language is challenging, English is currently positioned as a global lingua franca. Its widespread use in international communication, business, and technology has given it a prominent role. However, the future landscape might see a more balanced linguistic influence as other languages continue to assert their importance. Do you think that endangered languages should be protected, or should we just let them fade away? Preserving endangered languages is crucial for cultural diversity and heritage. Each language is a repository of unique traditions, knowledge, and identity. Efforts to protect endangered languages involve supporting communities, documentation, and revitalization programs. Allowing languages to fade away could result in the loss of invaluable cultural richness. What are the advantages & disadvantages of being monolingual? Being monolingual can simplify daily communication within a specific linguistic community and minimize language-related challenges. However, it limits opportunities for cross-cultural interactions, career advancement, and cognitive benefits associated with multilingualism. In an interconnected world, the advantages of being monolingual may be overshadowed by the advantages of being multilingual. Should foreign language study be required? Introducing foreign language study as a requirement offers numerous benefits. It promotes cultural understanding, enhances cognitive abilities, and prepares individuals for global engagement. Exposure to diverse languages fosters empathy and equips learners with valuable skills for a world that increasingly values linguistic diversity. Why is English used in so many places? The widespread use of English can be attributed to historical, economic, and cultural factors. The British Empire's global influence and, later, the economic dominance of English-speaking countries like the United States played a pivotal role. Additionally, English became the lingua franca of science, technology, and international diplomacy, contributing to its ubiquity. Do you think language affects thought? The relationship between language and thought is a complex interplay. While language shapes how we express and articulate thoughts, it also influences cognitive processes. Different languages may emphasize certain concepts or provide unique perspectives, impacting how individuals perceive and interpret the world. Do you think that a language other than English should be used as an “international language”? Promoting linguistic diversity in international communication is valuable. While English currently serves as a dominant international language, recognizing and elevating other languages could contribute to a more inclusive global discourse. The choice of an international language should involve considerations of equity, representation, and respect for linguistic diversity. Studying English: 1. What problems do you have when studying English? Well, as a French speaker, I've faced several challenges in learning English. Pronunciation is a major hurdle for me; I often struggle to pronounce words correctly. My reading skills are also not very strong, and I sometimes read with a French accent. When it comes to speaking, fluency is a problem. I find it difficult to keep up in conversations with native speakers, which can be quite embarrassing. Writing in English is another area where I struggle; I frequently make grammatical errors, and this can sometimes alter the meaning of my sentences. To improve, I try to read English newspapers and practice writing, but my vocabulary is limited, which affects both my speaking and writing. Additionally, my listening skills need work. I often confuse similar-sounding words, like 'walk' and 'work,' or 'sun' and 'son,' which leads to misunderstandings. Despite these difficulties, I am committed to improving my English skills across reading, writing, listening, and speaking. 2. Do you think that English is the most important language in the world? It's a complex question. English is indeed one of the most widely used languages globally and has achieved significant status as an international language. It is used by millions of people worldwide for communication, particularly in international contexts. English facilitates interaction among people from different countries and is prevalent in fields such as technology, science, and higher education. Many online resources and academic materials are in English, making it essential for accessing information and improving career prospects. Moreover, English is relatively easier to learn compared to some other languages due to its straightforward alphabet. In everyday life, knowing English can enhance opportunities for reading, watching movies, and social networking. Therefore, for these reasons, English is often considered a crucial language globally. 3. What other languages are taught in your country? In France, there is a strong emphasis on multilingualism. While French is the primary language, English is also widely taught and encouraged from an early age. Additionally, other European languages like Italian, German, and Dutch are commonly taught in schools. The French government supports the learning of multiple languages to promote cultural diversity and enhance international communication. Languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Turkish, Hindi, and Urdu are also offered, reflecting the diverse population and global interactions. Language training institutes complement school education, providing additional opportunities for learning. This multilingual approach helps French people navigate a variety of cultural and international contexts. 4. Do you think that age is the most important factor in learning English? Why? Yes, age plays a significant role in language learning. Young children have a natural ability to learn languages more easily, thanks to their developing brains, which can absorb new information and language structures more efficiently. This is often referred to as implicit learning, where they acquire language skills through natural exposure. For older learners, language acquisition becomes more conscious and involves explicit learning, requiring more effort and formal study of rules and grammar. Adults may find it more challenging to learn new languages due to the need to consciously apply rules and structures, which can lead to difficulties in fluency and natural usage. Therefore, starting to learn English at a young age is generally more advantageous and effective. 5. What difficulties would a foreigner have when learning your native language? Learning French can be challenging for foreigners due to several factors. Pronunciation and spelling can be difficult, as French has sounds and accents that may be unfamiliar. Mastering the correct accent and understanding the nuances of pronunciation can be tough. Additionally, the grammatical rules, such as gendered nouns and verb conjugations, can be complex. French also has various accents and regional variations, which can add to the difficulty. For beginners, the language may seem overwhelming due to its intricacies and exceptions to rules. 6. What problems would people in your country have when communicating with foreigners? In France, communication with foreigners generally goes smoothly, especially as many French people are familiar with English. However, there are some challenges. Not everyone speaks perfect English, which can lead to misunderstandings. Some French individuals may speak English with a strong accent or use British English, which might create confusion. Additionally, certain regional dialects or informal language use can complicate communication. Repetition and clarification often help resolve misunderstandings, ensuring effective communication. 7. When would be most suitable for children to learn English? The ideal time for children to start learning English is in their early years, around the age of six or seven. At this stage, children’s brains are more adaptable, making it easier for them to absorb and retain new language skills. Early language learning helps children grasp grammar rules and vocabulary more effectively, allowing them to use English naturally in practical situations. Starting young can lead to greater fluency and proficiency as they grow. 8. How will translation and interpretation develop in the future? In the future, translation and interpretation are likely to be significantly influenced by advancements in technology. Automated translation tools and software are expected to become more accurate and efficient, reducing the need for manual translation. These tools will likely offer real-time, high-quality translations with fewer errors. As artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies evolve, they will enhance the ability to understand and translate complex languages and idiomatic expressions. This progress will make translation and interpretation more accessible and precise, though human oversight will still be valuable for nuanced and context-specific translations. Learn a foreign language 1. Do you learn a foreign language? Why? Yes, I’m currently studying two foreign languages, which is both challenging and fascinating. English is the first foreign language I’ve tackled due to its global usage and the numerous benefits it offers. It's essential for many job opportunities, especially in my country, where it's a key criterion for employment. Learning a new language also enhances cognitive abilities and personal development. It opens up opportunities for travel, enriches experiences, and builds confidence in communication. 2. Do you want to become a foreign language teacher in the future? Why? I have considered the idea, but I don’t see myself as a full-time teacher. Although I might enjoy a part-time role, becoming a professional teacher requires specific academic qualifications and teaching skills, which I currently lack. Without specialized training and pedagogical expertise, I feel less confident about handling classroom challenges and ensuring effective teaching. 3. Why do some people learn fast while others are slow? Learning speeds vary due to several factors. Research suggests that differences in neural activity can affect how quickly people learn new skills. Additionally, motivation, concentration, and the effectiveness of learning methods play crucial roles. A highly motivated individual who is focused and uses the right tools is likely to learn faster than someone who lacks these qualities. 4. Do you think grammar is important when you learn a foreign language? Why? Yes, grammar is important. While initial learning might focus more on pronunciation and basic understanding, mastering grammar becomes crucial as you advance. Proper grammar ensures that your sentences are coherent and professional, rather than fragmented or unclear. It’s essential for effective communication and achieving a higher level of proficiency. 5. Why is there a strong demand for language skills? The interconnectedness of the world has increased the demand for language skills. Effective cross-border communication is vital for strengthening international relationships, both economically and politically. Language skills also enhance travel experiences and personal growth. Being bilingual or multilingual opens up numerous opportunities, from job prospects to cultural experiences, making it a valuable asset. 6. Do you think foreigners should learn your country’s language when they arrive there? Yes, learning a few basic phrases in the local language is beneficial for foreigners. It not only enriches their travel experience but also shows respect for the local culture. Efforts to communicate in the native language can make interactions more enjoyable and build a rapport with locals, enhancing cultural sensitivity and creating a more immersive experience. 7. What kind of qualities should a language teacher have? A good language teacher should have deep knowledge and expertise in the language, supported by relevant academic qualifications. Effective communication skills are crucial, enabling the teacher to convey lessons clearly and engagingly. A sense of humor can also be beneficial for capturing students’ attention and making learning enjoyable. These qualities help create an effective and motivating learning environment. 8. Why do people want to learn a foreign language? Learning a foreign language offers numerous advantages. It opens up job opportunities, particularly in global businesses, and can lead to better employment prospects and salaries. Additionally, being bilingual or multilingual expands social networks and fosters cross-cultural relationships. The cognitive benefits are significant too, as learning a new language enhances brain function and mental agility, making it a valuable endeavor for personal and professional growth.

What types of leisure activities are popular in your country? In Ireland, we’ve got a bit of everything when it comes to leisure activities. We’re blessed with a stunning natural landscape, so activities like golfing, cycling, fishing, and horse riding are pretty popular. Football, or soccer as some call it, is a huge hit across all ages. Whether it's kids kicking around a ball or adults catching a game at the local pitch, football brings everyone together. You’ll often find people exploring the countryside on bikes or hitting the golf courses scattered around the country. Why is it important for people to have time for leisure activities? Leisure is crucial for our well-being. It’s not just about having fun; it’s a way to recharge our batteries. If all we do is work, we end up burnt out and stressed. Leisure activities break up the monotony and give us a chance to relax and enjoy ourselves. Plus, they’re a great way to get some exercise, which helps alleviate the stress of a long work week. So, taking time for leisure isn’t just a luxury; it’s essential for maintaining a healthy balance in life. Why are some activities more popular than others? Some activities just catch on more than others for a few reasons. If an activity is accessible, affordable, and easy to pick up, it tends to be more popular. For instance, cycling is a lot more common than horse riding in Ireland. Horses are expensive and require a lot of upkeep, whereas a bike is relatively inexpensive and easy to store. So, it’s all about accessibility and practicality. Are the types of leisure activities that are popular today the same as those that were popular when your parents were young? Not quite. There’s been a big shift over the years. Back in the day, my parents would have enjoyed activities like horse riding, hiking, and fishing. They’d also spend a lot of time outdoors with family and friends, which seems to be less common today. Nowadays, technology has brought in a whole new set of leisure activities like video games and social media. While some traditional activities remain popular, the way we spend our free time has definitely evolved. What types of leisure activities may become more popular in the future? Looking ahead, I think we’ll see even more of a shift towards digital leisure activities. Video games, virtual reality, and social media are likely to become even more dominant. However, I believe that classic activities like hiking, fishing, and family outings will still hold their charm. They offer something that digital experiences can’t quite match – real-world engagement and connection. Free time activities Do you think it’s important for people to do outdoor activities? In general, yes, it’s a good idea to get outside and breathe some fresh air. A lot of people spend most of their day inside, especially if they’re working in an office. Like myself, I am inside most of the day almost every day at work. So it’s nice to see something different and also feel the breeze and sun on your skin when you spend time outside. What benefits can it have? Personally I love to spend time in the countryside, away from the city, because being outside there just makes me feel so much better. The city can be stifling, so the change is good, it’s refreshing. So I suppose there are some serious health benefits, the air can be fresher outside, the change of scenery can make you feel happier or more relaxed, and just being in a different environment can sometimes help re-energize you and make you feel better in general. Have the kind of free time activities people do in your country changed in recent years? For some people that might be true, especially younger people. But many older people still do the same activities in their free time as they’ve always done. There are some activities which have always been popular, especially sports, so they haven’t changed much at all.But there are also some newer activities, like the Pilates class I was telling you about that wasn’t available when, for example, my mother was growing up. I guess it’s a case of there just being more options now rather than activities changing.I think younger people probably change their activities more often, following current trends, and because they like to try new things quite often, they’re more adventurous, and nowadays there’s a lot more choice than in the past as to what activities you can do in your free time. Can you explain why you think these changes have happened? Well, it’s the same with everything, isn’t it? New things come along and become popular with a new generation and then they gradually become a normal part of everyday life. Some of the changes are influenced by external sources such as technology. I mean, young people see things on YouTube or other social media sites and they think it’s interesting and want to try it. If there’s enough demand then usually it becomes popular and then you see lots of places all over offering the same activity. It’s mainly the young people who drive the change because they’re the ones who want to try different things. Technology has changed what many people now do in their free time. Do you think this change is positive or negative? Why? Yes, it’s true, my brother is a gaming geek, he’s always playing online and he’s been like that since he was a young boy. But it’s not just gaming – I mean even I spend loads of time texting my friends and chatting on social media, a lot more time than even just a few years ago, so yes, technology now occupies a bigger part of my day than when I was a teenager, for example.Is it a good thing? Well, it’s just a change, I’ve never really thought about it being positive or negative, in fact really it’s so normal now for people to be using their phones and computers all the time that it’s not really important if it’s a positive or negative thing – it’s already become normal, and I don’t think that will change, unless the technology changes. Many children spend a lot of time playing video games these days. Is this a good thing? Why? Why not? Personally, I think it’s a good thing. It’s like they can enter another world, a completely different environment, and escape from everyday life for a while. I actually think it’s very similar to reading a book – you know how if you’re reading a great story, the time just flies past and you don’t want to be disturbed – video games are like that. They can completely hold your attention for ages, and it’s like nothing else exists.I told you my brother is a gaming fanatic, so I know what it’s like – and he’s just a regular normal person, but in his free time he prefers to be playing games rather than, say, reading or playing soccer, or something like that. What’s important is that if people enjoy something, then they should do it. There used to be a lot of criticism about children playing video games, but most of it came from adults who didn’t understand the attraction of these games. And of course they used to say it was a waste of time – but now you see gamers earning a lot of money and some even making a career out of video gaming, so all those people who used to say it was a waste of time were wrong. Blessed - Having a lot of good things or favorable conditions. Pitch - A field or area where sports, especially football, are played. Recharge our batteries - To rest and recover energy, to regain strength. Burnt out - Feeling exhausted or overwhelmed, often due to overwork. Monotony - The lack of variety and interest; tedious repetition. Alleviate - To make something less severe or more bearable. Upkeep - The process of maintaining something in good condition. Practicality - The quality of being suitable or useful for a particular purpose. Dominant - Most important, powerful, or influential. Charm - The quality of being pleasant or attractive. Engagement - The act of participating or being involved in something.

1. Why do people give gifts in our society? Um, there are many reasons why people give gifts in our society. One major reason is to celebrate significant events such as birthdays, anniversaries, or graduations. For instance, giving a gift to someone graduating from university is a way to acknowledge their hard work and achievement. Gifts are also given to express appreciation or gratitude. For example, if someone has helped you in a challenging situation or done something special, a gift can be a meaningful way to say “thank you” and show your appreciation. 2. Why do some people like to give hand-made gifts instead of purchasing them in a store? I think people often prefer hand-made gifts because they carry a more personal touch compared to store-bought items. When someone creates a gift by hand, it demonstrates that they have invested time and effort into making something unique for the recipient. This personal effort makes the gift feel more special and thoughtful. It’s not just about the physical item but the sentiment behind it—showing that the giver truly cares about the recipient. 3. What kind of educational gifts can be given to children? Hmmm, I’d say educational gifts for children can be both fun and informative. Books are an excellent choice because they offer a vast range of knowledge and stimulate a child’s imagination. For instance, a well-written book on science or adventure can inspire a love for learning. Additionally, educational apps or interactive learning tools can be very beneficial, especially in today’s digital age. These resources can help children learn new skills in a playful and engaging manner. Gifts & Presents: 4. Tell me about any famous stores that sell presents. In India, Hallmark is a well-known store for buying gifts. Hallmark specializes in greeting cards and a variety of small gift items. The store’s greeting cards are renowned for their creativity and heartfelt messages, which cater to various occasions and relationships. Besides cards, Hallmark offers a range of gifts, including jewelry, perfumes, and decorative items made from materials like crystal and glass. The store’s emphasis on quality and creativity makes it a popular choice for thoughtful presents. 5. Tell me about any famous markets or stores which attract tourists. One of the most famous markets in India is Bapu Bazaar in Jaipur. This bustling street market attracts both local and international tourists. It offers a diverse range of products including clothing, ornaments, and household items at reasonable prices. The market is known for its vibrant atmosphere and the opportunity to bargain for goods, which adds to its appeal. Tourists enjoy the chance to purchase traditional Indian items and experience the lively market culture. 6. Why are they popular with tourists? Street markets like Bapu Bazaar are popular with tourists because they offer an authentic shopping experience and a wide variety of traditional items at competitive prices. Unlike modern shopping malls, which often feature branded products, these markets provide unique and culturally rich goods. Tourists are drawn to the opportunity to explore and find distinctive items that they might not encounter in standard retail outlets. The bargaining experience and the chance to immerse in local culture also enhance their appeal. 7. Would you agree that presents are always advantageous for people? I wouldn’t necessarily agree that presents are always advantageous. While gifts generally bring joy and can improve someone's mood, the impact depends on the context. For example, receiving a gift during a time of grief might feel inappropriate or out of place. Gifts are meant to be thoughtful and suited to the occasion, so while they often bring happiness, their effectiveness can vary depending on the situation and the recipient’s needs. 8. What kinds of presents are suitable for people in any situation? For most situations, versatile and thoughtful presents work well. Items like books, chocolates, or personalized gifts are generally suitable for various occasions. For example, a classic book can be appreciated by many, while a box of high-quality chocolates is a pleasant treat. Personalized gifts, such as custom mugs or photo frames, also add a personal touch and are often well-received. If unsure, a gift card or a modest amount of cash can allow the recipient to choose something they truly want or need. 9. How do you think the way of giving presents will change in the future? The way people give presents might evolve with advancements in technology. Digital gifts such as e-gift cards, virtual experiences, or online subscriptions could become more common. The convenience of sending virtual gifts instantly might appeal to busy lifestyles, though it might lack the personal touch of physical gifts. While the types of gifts might change, the underlying tradition of giving and receiving presents as a gesture of care and celebration is likely to continue. 10. Do you enjoy giving and receiving gifts? Why or why not? I must admit that I find giving and receiving gifts a bit challenging. As an introvert, I prefer solitude and often feel uneasy about the social interactions that come with gift-giving and receiving. However, I understand the importance of these gestures in maintaining relationships and showing appreciation. While I might not enjoy the process, I recognize the value of gifts in expressing care and building connections. 11. Who usually gives you gifts? I usually receive gifts from close family members and friends. My family, especially my mother, often gives me thoughtful presents, taking into account my preferences and introverted nature. They know me well and try to make the gifting experience as comfortable as possible, often handling the social aspects on my behalf. 12. Who do you give gifts to? I typically give gifts to close friends and family members on special occasions. Although I don’t often attend events myself, I make sure to send gifts through my family. This approach allows me to participate in celebrations while maintaining my preference for solitude. 13. In your country, when do people usually give gifts? In Australia, people commonly exchange gifts during Christmas and on other special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries, and weddings. It is a tradition to bring gifts to these events, which adds to the festive atmosphere and shows appreciation for the hosts or the celebrants. 14. What kinds of gifts do they give? Gift choices often vary depending on the occasion and the recipient. For weddings, practical items for the couple’s new life together are common, while toys are typical for children’s birthdays. Cash gifts are also popular as they allow the recipient to choose something they need or want. 15. Do you think gift-giving customs are different now than they were in the past? How? Gift-giving customs have evolved over time, though the core traditions remain similar. Historically, gifts were often practical and directly useful. Nowadays, while practical gifts are still appreciated, there is a trend towards more personalized and experience-based gifts, such as digital vouchers or customized items. The underlying purpose of gift-giving—expressing care and celebration—has remained constant. 16. Do you think they will change in the future? How? Future changes in gift-giving might include a greater emphasis on digital and experiential gifts due to technological advancements. Virtual gifts, like e-cards or online subscriptions, could become more prevalent. However, the fundamental tradition of giving gifts to show appreciation and celebrate special moments is likely to endure, albeit with some modern adaptations.

In what ways have families in your country changed in recent years? Change is definitely the name of the game these days, and families are no exception. In Greece, for instance, we’ve seen a rise in nuclear families since the turn of the millennium. Large, extended families have become less common, with many breaking down into smaller units—just a parent or two and their kids. This shift is largely due to rising living costs. People are finding it harder to manage expenses in larger households, so many opt to form smaller, more manageable families. Additionally, modernization has led to a preference for smaller homes with modern amenities, which are less feasible in traditional extended family setups. There’s also the issue of complex dynamics within large families that can lead to separations. Should husbands and wives have different roles within the family? Why / why not? It’s important for both partners in a marriage to share responsibilities, but the roles don’t have to be rigidly defined. Traditionally, men were seen as the primary breadwinners, but today’s world is different. Modern families often require both partners to contribute in various ways, whether financially, domestically, or emotionally. A family works best when both husband and wife pull their weight and support each other. Think of it like a car with two wheels—if one wheel isn’t functioning well, the car won’t run smoothly. Both partners need to balance their roles for the family to thrive. Which is more important to you - your family or your friends? That’s a tough one, but if I had to choose, I’d say family comes first. Family is where we start our lives and get our first lessons in socialization and support. They’re there for us through thick and thin, often without any conditions. Friends are incredibly important too, but sometimes they may not be as reliable or constant. From my experience, family support is more dependable, whereas friendships can sometimes be more about mutual benefit. Nevertheless, I value both immensely. What conflicts can arise between a person's family and a person's friends? Conflicts between family and friends can definitely arise. For example, if you’re out with friends and your family expects you home by a certain time, you might end up in hot water if you’re late. Conversely, if you spend too much time with your family, your friends might feel neglected. It’s a balancing act—trying to meet both family expectations and maintain friendships can sometimes lead to misunderstandings or tensions on both sides. What responsibilities do parents have towards their children? Parents have a big job when it comes to raising their children. First and foremost, they need to socialize their kids, helping them navigate the social world and adapt to different situations. Teaching patience and perseverance is crucial too; these qualities help children handle life’s challenges better. Education is another key responsibility—ensuring their children get a good education is vital for their future success. And let’s not forget about instilling moral values from an early age. Teaching kids right from wrong is fundamental in shaping them into responsible adults. What responsibilities do children have towards their parents? Children also have important responsibilities towards their parents. Respect is a big one—parents have their kids’ best interests at heart and have sacrificed a lot for them. Following their guidance and respecting their rules helps maintain harmony in the family. In today’s world, there’s sometimes a tendency for kids to question or even disregard their parents’ advice, but maintaining that respect and following their guidance can lead to a better future. Their parents’ blessings and support are invaluable. Who are happier, children nowadays or the ones 20 years ago? It’s hard to say definitively, but I’d lean towards children from 20 years ago being happier. Back then, there were fewer pressures and material expectations. Kids had simpler pleasures and fewer academic pressures. Today’s children have access to more luxuries, but they also face greater challenges, including high expectations and a fast-paced lifestyle. The balance between material comfort and stress might affect their overall happiness. What do you think of adolescent education in Vietnam? Adolescent education in Vietnam has its strengths but also room for improvement. There’s still a lot of rote learning and an emphasis on memorization rather than critical thinking. Although there have been improvements, the education system tends to be more teacher-centered than student-centered. I believe schools should not only focus on academic subjects but also nurture other aspects of personal growth, helping students develop a well-rounded skill set. What are the effects of pressures exerted by teachers and parents? Excessive pressure from teachers and parents can be quite detrimental. When the goals set for children are too ambitious or unrealistic, it can stifle their enthusiasm for learning. Instead of motivating them, it can make them anxious and diminish their interest in their studies. It’s crucial for both parents and teachers to find a balance—encouraging and supporting children without overwhelming them. What do you think of the problem that parents overindulge their children? Overindulgence is indeed a significant issue in Vietnam. With rising living standards, some parents tend to pamper their children excessively. This can lead to several problems, like a lack of independence and self-centered behavior. Children who are overindulged may struggle to develop essential survival skills and may not learn to appreciate the value of hard work and resilience. It’s important for parents to find a balance—providing love and support while also teaching their children the skills they need to thrive independently. Is family important in your country? Absolutely, family is a cornerstone of life in my country. It’s often seen as the primary support system where individuals receive unconditional love, guidance, and assistance. Family bonds are highly valued, and family gatherings are significant social events. Despite the evolving dynamics of modern life, the concept of family remains central in our culture, providing emotional and practical support throughout one's life. How has the size of the family changed in the last few decades in your country? Over the past few decades, there’s been a noticeable shift towards smaller family sizes. Traditionally, extended families living together were common, but now nuclear families—typically consisting of parents and their children—are more prevalent. This change is driven by factors such as increased living costs, urbanization, and changing social norms. People are opting for smaller, more manageable family units that offer greater privacy and flexibility. How do you think the family will change in the future? Looking ahead, I believe family structures will continue to evolve. We might see a rise in diverse family forms, such as blended families and single-parent households, becoming even more common. Technological advancements and globalization could also influence family dynamics, potentially altering how families interact and support each other. With increasing emphasis on individualism and career-focused lifestyles, we might see more variations in family size and composition. What role do grandparents play in the family in your country? In my country, grandparents often play a crucial role in the family. They are typically seen as the keepers of family traditions and cultural heritage. Many grandparents take an active role in raising grandchildren, providing care while parents work or need additional support. They also serve as advisors and offer wisdom from their life experiences. Their presence enriches family life, bridging generational gaps and strengthening family ties. Who do you think should be responsible for the care of the elderly, the family or the government? Ideally, the responsibility of caring for the elderly should be a shared one. Families have a personal and emotional responsibility to care for their elderly members, providing support and companionship. However, given the increasing pressures on families and the changing social landscape, the government also has a role to play. It should provide adequate social services, financial assistance, and healthcare to support elderly care. A balanced approach, where both family and government contribute, ensures that the elderly receive comprehensive and compassionate care.

Why do some people lose contact with their childhood friends? Well, you know, life can get pretty hectic as we grow up, right? People start drifting apart because of the demands of adulthood – jobs, families, responsibilities. It's like we all get caught up in this whirlwind, and before you know it, those childhood buddies become distant memories. Sometimes, it's not intentional; it just happens. People move to different places, pursue different paths, and staying connected becomes a bit of a challenge. How do people in your country make friends these days? Ah, making friends nowadays is a whole new ball game! Back in the day, it was mostly about meeting folks in person, but now, we've got these social media platforms and all. People often hit it off through mutual connections online, sharing interests in groups, or even sliding into each other's DMs. It's like the virtual world has become this giant playground for friendships to bloom. But, you know, nothing beats the good old face-to-face chats over a cup of coffee or a casual hangout at the local spot. Why is it hard to maintain friendships? Well, it's a bit tricky, isn't it? Life throws curveballs, and people change. We get busy with our routines, and sometimes keeping up with friends becomes like juggling too many balls at once. Plus, not everyone is great at communication. People drift apart because they forget to check in, they assume the other person is too busy, or they simply let the friendship take a back seat. It's like a delicate plant; if you don't water it, it might wither away. Why is it easier to make friends on the internet than in reality? You see, the internet offers this sort of safety net, doesn't it? When you're online, you can be whoever you want to be, and that can make it easier to open up to people. Plus, there's a certain level of anonymity that helps break down barriers. It's like you're sitting behind a screen, and suddenly, it feels less intimidating to strike up a conversation. In real life, though, you've got the nerves, the body language, and the fear of judgment – it's like a whole different ballgame. What qualities do you think are important in a friend? Oh, absolutely! You want someone who's got your back, right? Trust is key – you need to know you can rely on them. But it's not just about that; a good sense of humor goes a long way. Life's too short to be serious all the time. And hey, loyalty is like the glue that holds everything together. You want friends who celebrate your victories, support you in tough times, and don't bail when things get a bit rocky. It's that mix of trust, humor, and loyalty that makes a friendship strong. Do you think it is a good idea to borrow money from a friend? Why or why not? Well, you know, it's a bit of a double-edged sword. On one hand, borrowing from a friend can feel more comfortable – there's that familiarity and trust. But, and it's a big but, money can be a tricky thing in friendships. It has this weird power to strain relationships. If things go south, it's not just about the money; it's about trust and expectations. So, it's like walking on eggshells – you need to be sure it won't jeopardize the friendship. What factors may result in the breakdown of a good friendship? Oh, friendships are like fragile glass sometimes, you know? Miscommunication is a big culprit. People often assume things, read between the lines, and that can lead to unnecessary conflicts. Jealousy and competition can rear their ugly heads too – it's like suddenly you're in this unspoken race. And, of course, life changes can pull people in different directions. It's a mix of these factors, like a storm brewing on the horizon, that can chip away at even the strongest friendships. Friendship is the most important relationship. Do you agree? Absolutely, hands down! I mean, think about it – friends are like the family you get to choose, right? They're the ones who cheer you on, pick you up when you're down, and share the journey of life with you. Family is important, sure, but friends add this extra layer of connection, support, and joy. It's like having a bunch of teammates in this game of life, and honestly, where would we be without our buddies to share the highs and lows? What do you think makes someone a good friend to a whole family? To be a good friend to a whole family, you need to be a real gem of a person. It helps if you’ve got a knack for connecting with people, a kind heart, and a friendly demeanor. Being someone who can chat easily with everyone—from the kids to the grandparents—makes a huge difference. If you're good at getting along with all kinds of people and can keep everyone entertained with your sense of humor, you're likely to become a beloved friend to the entire family. Do you think we meet different kinds of friends at different stages of our lives? In what ways are these types of friends different? Absolutely, we meet different kinds of friends at various stages of life. When we’re kids, our friends are often the ones who live nearby or are in the same class—we have a lot of them and they’re usually our playmates. As we grow older, in school or college, friendships become more about shared interests, and the circle tends to shrink. By the time we hit adulthood, we might have fewer friends, but they’re often closer and more meaningful. In old age, we generally have a small circle of very close friends who have stood the test of time. How easy is it to make friends with people from a different age group? Making friends across age groups can be a bit of a challenge. Sometimes, the gap can create a barrier, making it harder to connect. However, in adulthood, it’s more common, especially when you’re starting your career or pursuing hobbies. For students, it’s more typical to stick with peers of the same age. So, while it’s not impossible, it can require some effort and understanding. Do you think it is possible to be friends with someone if you never meet them in person? Definitely! It’s totally possible to forge strong friendships even if you’ve never met someone face-to-face. I’ve got a handful of friends from different countries whom I’ve only ever interacted with online. While these friendships can sometimes lack the depth of in-person relationships, they can still be genuine and meaningful. Is this real friendship? Absolutely. Online friendships can be just as real as in-person ones. Even though you might not meet in person, these friendships can be rich with bonding and shared experiences. You can chat, share your thoughts, exchange gifts, and support each other through ups and downs. So yes, online or long-distance friendships can definitely be the real deal. What kind of influence can friends have on our lives? Friends can have a huge impact on our lives. They can shape who we are, for better or worse. The saying "you are the company you keep" rings true here. Good friends can lift us up, help us grow, and make life more enjoyable. On the flip side, the wrong crowd can steer us off course. So, friends play a big role in molding our lives and our character. How important would you say it is to have friends from different cultures? It’s super important! Having friends from various cultures opens up a whole new world of experiences and perspectives. It’s like having a front-row seat to a global stage. You get to learn about different traditions, foods, and ways of life, which can really broaden your horizons and enrich your own life. What are the differences between adults and children in terms of making friends? That’s a fascinating question! When it comes to making friends, kids and adults approach it quite differently. Kids often make friends based on immediate benefits or shared activities—like playing the same game or sitting next to each other in class. Their friendships can be pretty fleeting; they might have a best buddy one week and a different one the next. Adults, on the other hand, tend to be a bit more selective and think more about the long-term value of a friendship. We weigh things like mutual respect, shared values, and how well we click with someone. Adult friendships often involve a deeper level of understanding and tend to last longer because they’re built on more than just fun or convenience. Can adults make friends with children? It’s definitely possible, but it can be a bit of a balancing act. Adults and kids are on different wavelengths, and their interests and ways of thinking can be worlds apart. Kids might find it hard to relate to adults, and vice versa. However, if an adult is patient, listens to the child, and meets them at their level, a genuine bond can form. It takes effort from the adult’s side to make that connection, but it’s not out of the question. Sometimes these friendships can be incredibly rewarding, offering a fresh perspective and a lot of joy. What do you think are the most important factors when making friends? The key ingredients for making a lasting friendship are sincerity and mutual respect. A true friend is someone who’s genuinely there for you, not just for what they can get out of the relationship. You want someone who’s honest, kind, and reliable. It’s also important to see eye-to-eye on core values and have a good sense of humor. Good friends should be willing to go the extra mile and make sacrifices when needed. The best friendships are built on trust and a solid understanding of each other’s strengths and weaknesses. What are the possible factors that cause the break-up of friendship? Several things can lead to the end of a friendship. Mistrust is a major culprit—once you betray someone’s confidence, it’s hard to rebuild that trust. Unmet expectations can also cause rifts, as can unresolved misunderstandings. Sometimes, one friend’s negative traits or behavior can drive the other away. Friendships can falter if they’re not nurtured and if one person feels they’re always giving and never receiving. It’s important to address issues honestly and work through conflicts to keep friendships intact. Why is it difficult for adults to make friends? Making new friends as an adult can be trickier than it was in childhood. Adults often stick with old friends because they’re comfortable and reliable. They can also be more cautious and selective, often because they’ve been burned before. Adults have more life experiences and can be more discerning about who they let into their circle. They might also find it harder to connect with people outside their immediate social or professional circles. That said, while it’s more challenging, it’s certainly not impossible to make new friends as an adult. What will the friendship become like when getting old? As people age, friendships can evolve in interesting ways. Older folks often have a deep sense of nostalgia and cherish long-standing relationships. They might spend more time reminiscing about the past and reliving shared memories. Friendships in old age are usually built on a foundation of trust and shared history, which can make them even stronger. With fewer new friends coming into the picture, older people often rely on and value the friends they’ve had for years. Should there be any rules for children? Absolutely, some rules are essential for children’s development. They help kids learn how to behave responsibly and fit into society. However, it's important not to overdo it. Too many strict rules can stifle creativity and independence. The key is to strike a balance—set rules that teach good behavior and respect, but also allow children the freedom to explore and grow. Leading by example is crucial; children learn a lot by observing their parents. What is the biggest problem Vietnam faces? The biggest issue Vietnam faces right now is overpopulation. With a population of over eighty million, it’s causing a range of problems like unemployment and social instability. Fortunately, the "one couple, one child" policy has helped address some of these concerns. What are the causes of population explosion in Vietnam? Population growth in Vietnam is largely due to higher birth rates and lower death rates. Medical advancements have increased life expectancy, and traditional beliefs still influence family size, with many people thinking that more children lead to a happier future. What are the results of overpopulation? If the population continues to grow at its current rate, we’ll eventually run out of resources. Overpopulation leads to issues like unemployment, increased waste, depletion of resources, and less green space. In Vietnam, many of the country’s challenges stem from this population boom, so managing growth is crucial for a sustainable future.

What are the major causes and consequences of pollution in your country? There are a few key culprits behind the pollution we’re seeing. First off, the rise in factories is a big factor, as they’re major polluters. In some places, pollution has reached such a level that it's having serious knock-on effects. For instance, lung cancer rates in urban areas are climbing year after year. On top of that, natural disasters like floods, which are linked to deforestation, have been causing significant damage. So, we really need to find a balance between economic growth and environmental care, making sure we don’t trade our natural resources for short-term gains. What are the major environmental hazards in your country? There’s quite a list of environmental hazards we’re facing. For starters, some people still haven’t got the memo on the importance of protecting the environment. They ignore signs like "Keep Off the Grass" and just litter wherever they please. Industrial waste is polluting our water, leading to fish die-offs. In winter, air pollution is so bad that flights get canceled or delayed because of the dense smog. Farmers burning straw in fields is another issue, as the smoke blends with fog, making it hard for planes to land. Plus, excessive use of fossil fuels is warming up the planet, and deforestation is causing erratic water supplies. And let’s not forget the greenhouse effect from rising carbon dioxide levels, which is a big worry worldwide. What has the government done to improve the situation? The government has been rolling up its sleeves and taking action. They’re using initiatives like the Great Western Development Programme to reforest and restore land. Programs to combat soil erosion, like planting trees along the Red River and Mekong Delta, are in full swing. Cities are seeing more greenery and beautification projects, all funded by the municipal government. Plus, there’s a push to raise public awareness about the importance of planting more trees and grass. These steps are helping to make a difference. What else can the government do to protect the environment? Forests are crucial for our ecosystem, and they need more protection. Expanding natural reserves and enhancing their management could help preserve biodiversity. Additionally, shifting towards cleaner energy sources and improving energy efficiency are vital. And, of course, focusing on saving endangered species and preventing their extinction is key. A lot of countries are already working on these fronts, and we need to keep up the momentum. What should individuals do to help protect the environment? Everyone has a part to play in protecting our planet. We need to ditch disposable materials for sustainable ones and cut down on fossil fuel use. Raising awareness about environmental issues is also crucial. After all, the more we all pitch in, the better chance we have of preserving our environment for future generations. Global warming has become a hot topic lately. What do you know about it? Global warming is definitely in the spotlight these days. It’s mostly driven by greenhouse gases from things like factories and vehicles. This is leading to the melting of ice caps and rising sea levels, which could submerge coastal cities and small islands. It’s a big deal and needs urgent attention. How do you think global warming can be prevented? Preventing global warming isn’t a walk in the park, but there are steps we can take. For one, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial. This means overhauling our transportation systems and shifting to clean energy sources. Every bit helps in the fight against global warming. What’s the role of zoos in animal conservation? Zoos have come a long way from just being places to entertain visitors. Nowadays, they’re also educational centers where kids learn about caring for animals. Zoos are playing a big role in conserving endangered species and conducting research. Breeding programs for animals like giant pandas are crucial, and zoos now feature a mix of animals from different climates, which helps raise awareness and support for conservation. What do you think of man’s exploitation of animals? It’s a real shame how animals are often mistreated. They’re exploited in various ways, from bullfighting and circuses to hunting and whaling. It’s something that definitely needs to change. Is it necessary and right for people to carry out tests on animals? This is a tricky one. On one hand, testing on animals can lead to breakthroughs in medicine and treatments, like cancer drugs and vaccines. But on the other hand, animals do feel pain, and their rights should be considered. It’s a balance between advancing science and treating animals with respect. Is water pollution a problem in your country? Yes, water pollution is a significant issue in South Africa. The country faces severe challenges with water pollution due to various factors including industrial activities, urbanization, and population growth. Many regions struggle with access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation. Industrial processes, particularly in mining, release toxic substances into water bodies. Additionally, inadequate sanitation systems lead to the disposal of human waste into water sources, exacerbating pollution. This contamination introduces harmful germs and bacteria, making water unsafe for consumption and causing unpleasant odors. What are some of the causes of water pollution? In South Africa, water pollution arises mainly from three sources. First, coal mining, which is a major industry, leaves behind toxic chemicals that contaminate water sources. Second, rapid urbanization leads to overloaded sewage systems, which often fail and result in pollution. Third, oil spills from the transportation of oil contribute significantly to water pollution, threatening aquatic ecosystems and the environment. What can individuals do to try and ensure water is kept clean? Individuals can contribute to water conservation by raising awareness about pollution and its effects. Understanding the impact of waste and chemical disposal can lead to more responsible behaviors. Additionally, mining companies should manage their waste more carefully to prevent chemical runoff into water sources. Government initiatives, such as stricter regulations and penalties for pollution, can also play a crucial role. Public campaigns to educate and motivate people about the importance of clean water can further help in reducing pollution. Do you think problems with the cleanliness of water will improve in the future? The future of water cleanliness in South Africa could improve with sustained efforts. Increasing public awareness about the consequences of pollution and implementing stricter regulations can help. Although changes won’t happen overnight, with consistent measures and public cooperation, significant improvements could be seen within the next three to five years. The current efforts by both public and private sectors need to be intensified to achieve better results. What causes environmental problems? Environmental problems are primarily caused by human activities, though natural disasters also play a role. Industrialization, deforestation, pollution from various sources, and increased use of chemicals are significant contributors. These activities disrupt the balance of the ecosystem, leading to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental issues. For instance, deforestation reduces wildlife habitats, while industrial pollution contributes to global warming and rising sea levels. What should the government do to protect the environment? Governments need to establish and enforce regulations to protect the environment. This includes creating laws that mandate pollution control, imposing fines on polluters, and promoting sustainable practices. Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate citizens about environmental issues. Additionally, regular monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations are crucial for effective protection. What should we do to protect the environment? To protect the environment, individuals should make conscious choices about the products they use, favoring those with minimal environmental impact. Reducing waste, recycling, and conserving resources like water and electricity are important steps. Being aware of the long-term consequences of environmental damage can motivate more responsible behavior. Adhering to environmental regulations and supporting policies aimed at conservation can also make a difference. What other measures can you think of to protect the environment? Apart from government regulations and public awareness campaigns, integrating environmental education into school curricula can help instill a sense of responsibility in young people. Long-term social campaigns and regular monitoring of environmental policies can also enhance effectiveness. Encouraging community involvement and implementing practical, localized solutions can contribute to better environmental protection. How should we educate children to protect the environment? Education on environmental protection should be incorporated into school curricula with age-appropriate content. This includes lessons on pollution types, their effects, and ways to prevent it. Teachers should use engaging methods to ensure children understand and retain the information. Encouraging hands-on activities like recycling projects can also foster a sense of environmental stewardship. What’s the difference between the old and the young as regards environmental protection? Older generations often have a deeper understanding of environmental degradation due to their experiences with past issues. They may be more aware of the long-term impacts of environmental problems. In contrast, younger generations may lack this historical perspective but are increasingly exposed to information about environmental issues. Educating young people and integrating environmental concerns into their daily lives can bridge this gap and foster a more proactive approach to environmental protection. What is dangerous to natural places? Natural places are threatened by pollution (air, water, and land), and their remoteness can contribute to neglect. Many people prefer to visit locations closer to urban centers, leading to inadequate funding and maintenance for more distant natural sites. Pollution and lack of maintenance can result in the degradation of these areas, impacting their ecological value and beauty. What kind of pollution is the public most concerned about? In Vietnam, water pollution is a major concern due to water shortages and contamination from industrial activities. Many factories discharge chemicals into rivers without proper treatment, worsening the situation. This has led to significant public concern and demands for better management of water resources. What is your attitude towards the environment? I believe environmental protection is crucial and a shared responsibility. Sustainable development ensures that current needs are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It’s important for everyone to contribute to this effort and promote practices that support environmental health. What can you do for the environment? Individuals can take several actions to support the environment, such as recycling, conserving resources, and avoiding waste. Simple habits like reducing water and electricity consumption can collectively make a significant impact. Engaging in community initiatives and advocating for environmental causes are also effective ways to contribute. What is different from your grandparents’ views on the environment and yours? My grandparents may not have been as concerned about environmental issues due to less awareness and fewer visible problems during their time. In contrast, modern generations are more informed about the environmental challenges we face and are more proactive in addressing them. This heightened awareness drives a stronger focus on sustainability and conservation. Why do you think people like to go to natural places? Natural places offer a respite from the pressures of modern life. They provide opportunities to enjoy beautiful scenery, breathe fresh air, and unwind from daily stressors. Visiting these places can rejuvenate individuals, offering both physical and mental relaxation that helps them better handle their everyday responsibilities. Do you think people should be charged when coming to natural places? Charging for access to natural places can be beneficial. It helps generate funds for maintenance and improvement of facilities, ensuring better management of these areas. Such fees can also help regulate visitor numbers, reducing the impact on the environment and enhancing the overall experience for visitors. Vocabulary: Contamination - The presence of harmful substances or pollutants in something. Toxic - Poisonous or harmful to living organisms. Sanitation - The provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human waste. Exacerbating - Making a problem or situation worse. Industrialization - The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. Deforestation - The removal of forests or trees. Biodiversity - The variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat. Ecosystem - A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Sustainable - Capable of being maintained at a certain rate or level without depleting resources. Regulations - Rules or directives made and maintained by an authority. Pollution - The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. Conservation - The action of conserving something, in particular, the environment. Rejuvenate - To make someone or something look or feel better, younger, or more vital. Degradation - The process of something being damaged or deteriorating over time. Awareness - Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. Initiatives - New plans or actions to achieve a particular aim. Expenditure - The action of spending funds. Maintenance - The process of keeping something in good condition. Regulate - To control or supervise by means of rules and regulations. Inadequate - Not sufficient or suitable for the purpose. 4o mini

What is the concept of a holiday in your country? In Vietnam, holidays are pretty much like anywhere else—a break from work and a chance to unwind. We have 10 public holidays now, up from eight before 2007, thanks to government updates. People from all walks of life get a day off and usually spend it with family or friends. Some festivals last for a month, which is great for those who work hard and need a breather. These holidays are a mix of remembering important historical figures and just having a good time. Whether it’s the Lunar New Year or Tet, the aim is to give people a chance to relax and celebrate. Why are holidays so important to modern people? Holidays are a breath of fresh air in our fast-paced world. With everyone racing against the clock, stress and burnout are all too common. Working 8-10 hours a day can really take a toll, so having time off helps people recharge. It’s like hitting the reset button. Besides, holidays offer a chance to reconnect with family and friends, which can get pushed to the side when you’re caught up in the grind. It’s a way to break free from the daily grind and find a bit of balance in life. Do you think it is necessary to observe traditional customs? Absolutely, sticking to traditional customs is important. It’s like keeping a link to your roots and culture. Following these customs gives you a sense of identity and belonging. It’s like saying, "This is who I am and where I come from." When you take part in traditional rituals, it not only makes you feel connected to your community but also shows respect for your heritage. In Vietnam, not following these traditions can sometimes be seen as a bit of a letdown, so it’s definitely worth keeping them alive. What changes in terms of spending festivals and holidays have taken place in the past decade? Over the past decade, how we celebrate has shifted quite a bit. In the past, holidays were mostly about big gatherings with friends and mostly outdoors. Nowadays, celebrations often include family and sometimes happen indoors. People are also hosting more private parties for smaller occasions like birthdays or anniversaries. While large-scale public events like New Year’s and Lunar New Year still draw crowds, private parties have become a big part of how people celebrate. What is the difference regarding celebration in different parts of the country? There are some regional differences in how festivals are celebrated, but nothing too drastic. Celebrations might vary based on local culture and traditions. For example, areas that grow rice might have a big Autumn Harvest Festival, while other regions don’t. While the core activities like social gatherings, meals, and prayers remain the same, the food and some customs might change a bit depending on where you are. So, while the essence of the celebration is consistent, the details can vary from place to place. Take a toll: To have a negative effect or impact. Hit the reset button: To start over or refresh. Breath of fresh air: Something new and refreshing that helps to alleviate monotony. Daily grind: The routine, often monotonous, of daily work. Reconnect: To renew a relationship or connection with someone. Break free: To escape or liberate oneself from something restrictive. Link to your roots: A connection to one’s heritage or origins. Sense of identity: A feeling of belonging to a particular group or culture. Letdown: A disappointment or failure to meet expectations. Shifted quite a bit: Changed significantly. Host: To organize and hold an event. Large-scale: Involving a lot of people or a large area. Core activities: Fundamental or central activities. Regional differences: Variations or distinctions based on different areas or regions. Essence: The fundamental nature or most important quality of something.

1. Do you think the cinema has increased or decreased in popularity in recent years? Certainly! Well, I reckon that going to the cinema has become a bit less common nowadays. You know, with all the streaming services and whatnot, folks tend to prefer the comfort of their own homes. It's like people are more into binge-watching their favorite shows rather than heading to the movie theater. However, I wouldn't say cinema has completely lost its charm. There's still something special about catching a film on the big screen, like the whole experience of it. 2. In your opinion, will this trend continue in the future? That's an interesting one! From where I stand, I'd say the trend might continue, but it won't completely take over. People do love the convenience of streaming, but there's a certain magic about the cinema, you know? It's like a social event, grabbing some popcorn, and enjoying a movie with friends or family. So, while streaming is on the rise, I believe cinemas will still have their place in the future. 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of making films of real-life events? Ah, good question! Making films based on real-life events can really hit the mark in terms of authenticity. It adds a layer of connection for the audience, making them feel more invested in the story. On the flip side, though, there's always the challenge of staying true to the facts without sensationalizing things too much. Sometimes, liberties are taken for dramatic effect, which can lead to controversy. So, it's a bit of a tightrope walk, balancing the advantages of realism with the potential drawbacks. 4. How important do you think it is for a filmmaker to remain true to the original story? Well, in my opinion, staying true to the original story is like the backbone of a good film. It's what keeps the essence intact, you know? But hey, filmmaking is an art, and sometimes a bit of creative license can enhance the story. It's like finding the sweet spot between faithfulness to the source material and allowing for artistic interpretation. Straying too far might upset the fans, but being too rigid can stifle creativity. So, it's a delicate dance that filmmakers need to master. 5. Should films and television be censored or should we be free to choose what we see? Ah, the age-old debate! I think there should be a balance, you know? On one hand, freedom is crucial, and adults should have the choice to watch what they want. But then again, there's a responsibility to ensure that content doesn't cross certain lines, especially when it comes to things like violence or explicit material. So, a bit of censorship to maintain a level of decency might be necessary, but it's essential not to go overboard and stifle artistic expression. 6. How do you think censorship laws will change in the next 20 years? Predicting the future, huh? Well, I'd say censorship laws will probably evolve with the times. As society becomes more open-minded, there might be a trend towards loosening restrictions. With the digital age and the global interconnectedness, it's also tricky to regulate everything. Perhaps we'll see more emphasis on age-appropriate ratings and content warnings, allowing individuals to make informed choices. It's like finding a middle ground between freedom and responsible content consumption. What do people enjoy about going to the cinema? Going to the cinema is a whole different ball game compared to watching a film at home. For one, the big screen and top-notch sound system really immerse you in the movie. It’s like you’re right there in the middle of the action. Plus, there’s something special about the whole experience—the smell of popcorn, the dim lights, and the collective gasp of the audience. It’s not just about the film; it’s about the atmosphere and the shared excitement. How have cinema-going habits changed in your country over the years? Well, the biggest change I’ve noticed is that more and more people are hitting the theaters these days. It’s become pretty common, whereas, in the past, going to the movies was a rare treat for many. With more disposable income and a wider array of films to choose from, cinema outings have become a regular part of life for a lot of folks. In fact, there are even film buffs who hit the cinemas several times a month! What’s your opinion on Hollywood films? Overall, I think Hollywood films are pretty entertaining. They’ve got massive budgets, which means the special effects are often mind-blowing. However, the downside is that sometimes they prioritize making money over creativity. You often get big blockbusters with lots of explosions and not much depth in the story. It’s like they’ve got a formula for success that doesn’t always include a compelling plot. Does your country produce films? How are Hollywood films different from films produced in your country? Yes, my country does have a film industry, though it’s on a smaller scale compared to Hollywood. The main difference is the budget and scope. Our films tend to have simpler scenes and focus more on traditional themes that reflect our culture. Hollywood movies, on the other hand, often have huge budgets and are more about big spectacles and universal themes. Our films might not have the same level of special effects, but they often have a deeper cultural resonance. What kind of film star is popular now? These days, it seems like people are really drawn to film stars who have a unique flair and real talent. Sure, good looks still matter, but it’s the actors who bring something extra to the table—whether it’s exceptional acting skills or a distinctive style—who really stand out. Take someone like Clint Eastwood, for example. He’s celebrated not just for his acting but also for his directing and writing. It’s about more than just looking good on screen; it’s about having a genuine talent and presence. Is there more and more violence in films or on TV? Yeah, it does seem like violence is becoming more prevalent in films and on TV. Some studios intentionally include violent scenes to attract a certain audience, especially younger viewers who might be into more extreme and thrilling content. It’s not just in movies, though; you also see more violent news reports and even ads that use shocking imagery to grab attention. It’s like violence has become a go-to for grabbing eyeballs. What kinds of people like to see action films? Action films tend to attract a younger crowd, particularly guys who enjoy high-energy movies with plenty of stunts and explosions. They love the fast pace and the adrenaline rush that comes with watching epic fight scenes or car chases. It’s like action films offer an escape from the everyday grind and let them live out their adventurous fantasies. Plus, some people just love to identify with the tough, daring characters on screen. What will future films be like? The future of films is bound to be exciting. I think we’ll see a lot more variety, with films catering to all sorts of niche audiences. Technology will also play a big role, with advances in digital effects making it easier to create stunning visuals and imaginative worlds. It’s possible that more films will tackle future issues, like the impacts of globalization and cultural clashes. And who knows, maybe ordinary people will start making their own films with accessible technology! Do you like a film that is made with digital technology? Absolutely! Digital technology opens up a whole new world of possibilities. It allows directors to bring their wildest ideas to life, creating scenes and characters that would be impossible with traditional methods. Films like The Matrix and Star Wars are perfect examples of how digital effects can enhance storytelling and provide an incredible visual experience. It’s all about pushing the boundaries and seeing what’s possible. What kind of characters will people admire in the future? I think in the future, people will lean more towards characters who are relatable and down-to-earth. Instead of idolizing larger-than-life heroes, audiences might find themselves drawn to characters who deal with everyday struggles and imperfections. These characters will reflect real-life issues and experiences, making it easier for viewers to connect with them on a personal level. It’s all about seeing parts of ourselves in the stories we watch. Is there any difference between characters that men admire and those women admire? There is a bit of a difference. Generally, men might be more drawn to strong, heroic male characters, while women often admire dynamic and compelling female characters. This usually comes down to personal preferences and the types of qualities people find inspiring. However, both genders appreciate characters who are brave, kind, and skilled. At the end of the day, people admire characters who embody traits they find admirable or aspire to have. Vocabulary: Cinema-Related Vocabulary Immersive: Creating a deep and engaging experience. Ball game: A situation or activity. Gasp: To take a deep breath with surprise or shock. Spectacles: Impressive or dramatic displays. Blockbuster: A very successful film. Cinema Habits Vocabulary Disposable income: Money available to spend after necessities. Film buffs: People who are very enthusiastic about films. Treat: A special event or activity. Hollywood Films Vocabulary Mind-blowing: Extremely impressive or surprising. Prioritize: To put something first or give it more importance. Film Industry Vocabulary Scope: The range or extent of something. Cultural resonance: Connection or significance to a particular culture. Film Stars Vocabulary Flair: A special or unique quality. Distinctive: Clearly different from others. Violence in Media Vocabulary Prevalent: Widespread or commonly occurring. Deliberately: Intentionally or on purpose. Action Films Vocabulary Adrenaline rush: A sudden increase in excitement or energy. Epic: Grand or impressive in scale or nature. Future Films Vocabulary Variety: A range of different things. Advanced technologies: New and innovative technological methods. Digital Technology Vocabulary Open up: To create new possibilities. Push the boundaries: To go beyond the usual limits. Character Admiration Vocabulary Relatable: Easy to understand or connect with. Down-to-earth: Practical and realistic. Gender Differences Vocabulary Dynamic: Full of energy and new ideas. Inspiring: Encouraging or motivating. 4o mini

Family Dynamics In a typical family, who plays the leading role? Traditionally, the stereotype is that the father plays the leading role as the breadwinner and the decision-maker for the family. This role is often associated with high social status and responsibility. Meanwhile, mothers were traditionally seen as housewives responsible for domestic duties like cleaning and babysitting. However, in modern society, there is a growing emphasis on freedom and equality. Women are achieving success in various fields and are no longer relegated to monotonous household chores as they were in the past. Thus, family roles are becoming more balanced and less defined by traditional stereotypes. In your country, what kinds of family members usually live together? Despite the growing trend towards nuclear families, extended families are still common. Typically, a family unit includes both parents and one to three children living together. In some cases, grandparents may also live with the family to assist with childcare while parents are at work. Less commonly, multiple generations might reside in a multi-story house, including uncles, aunts, and their families. However, having many family members living together can sometimes lead to problems due to the high number of people in one household. Do young and middle-aged people live with old people? Unlike in many Western countries where older adults are often placed in nursing homes, people in my country generally feel a strong sense of duty to care for their elderly family members. As a result, it is common for younger and middle-aged generations to live with older family members. This arrangement can be beneficial as it allows children to receive special care from their grandparents, gain invaluable hands-on experience, and develop a good code of conduct. What would children do to make their parents proud? Children often make their parents proud through good performance at school and respectful behavior towards teachers and elders. Parents take great pride in their children's academic achievements and positive feedback from others. Additionally, helping with mundane household tasks, such as sweeping the floor or washing dishes, is seen as a way for children to show appreciation and contribute to the family, which can also make parents proud. Is family important in your country? Yes, family is highly valued in my country. It is considered the cornerstone of social and emotional support. Strong family bonds are often prioritized, and family gatherings and traditions play a significant role in daily life. Respect for family members, especially elders, is a key cultural value, and there is a strong sense of duty towards maintaining close family ties. How has the size of the family changed in the last few decades in your country? In recent decades, there has been a noticeable shift from extended to nuclear families. Traditionally, extended families, including multiple generations and relatives, lived together. However, modern lifestyles, urbanization, and economic factors have contributed to smaller family units. Many people now prefer to have fewer children and live independently, leading to a decline in the size of families. How do you think the family will change in the future? In the future, families are likely to continue evolving with changing social and economic conditions. There may be a further increase in nuclear families and a greater emphasis on individual autonomy. Technological advancements and global mobility might also influence family structures, leading to more diverse family forms, including blended families and intergenerational living arrangements. Additionally, there might be a growing need for support systems and services to address the needs of both working parents and the elderly. What role do grandparents play in the family in your country? Grandparents often play a crucial role in the family by providing childcare and emotional support. They may live with their children and grandchildren or be actively involved in their lives, offering wisdom, guidance, and help with daily tasks. Grandparents are typically seen as important figures who contribute to the upbringing of grandchildren and maintain family traditions and values. Who do you think should be responsible for the care of the elderly, the family or the government? The responsibility for the care of the elderly ideally should be a shared one. Families have a traditional and moral duty to care for their elderly members, providing emotional support and daily assistance. However, the government also plays a critical role by providing social services, healthcare, and financial support to ensure that elderly individuals receive adequate care and resources. A balanced approach that combines family involvement with government support can offer the best outcomes for elderly care. Why is the number of joint families decreasing in modern times? The decrease in joint families can be attributed to several factors: Urbanization: As more people move to cities for better job opportunities, they often live in smaller, nuclear family units due to space constraints and lifestyle changes. Economic Factors: The cost of living has increased, making it challenging for extended families to live together comfortably. Changing Values: Modern values emphasize individualism and personal space, leading many to prefer smaller, independent family units. Employment and Mobility: With increasing career demands and geographical mobility, family members may live far apart, reducing the likelihood of joint family arrangements. Vocabulary: Cornerstone (n): An important quality or feature on which a particular thing depends. Urbanization (n): The process of making an area more urban or city-like. Nuclear family (n): A family unit consisting of two parents and their children. Blended family (n): A family consisting of a couple and their children from previous relationships. Autonomy (n): Independence or freedom in one's actions or decisions. Intergenerational (adj): Involving or affecting different generations within a family. Breadwinner (n): The person who earns the money to support the family. Monotonous (a): Boring because it is always the same. Extended family (n): A family that includes relatives beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc. Nuclear family (n): A family unit consisting of two parents and their children. Bound by duty (phrase): Obligated to fulfill certain responsibilities. Hands-on experience (phrase): Direct involvement or practical experience in something. Code of conduct (n): A set of rules outlining the proper practices and behaviors for an individual or group.

Politeness Are people more polite with non-family members than they are with their parents? I cannot tell for sure, but that’s usually the case, especially with some of the youngsters nowadays. They even show more respect to others than their own parents, which seems like an act of hypocrisy to me. Fortunately, those are just a minority in a society full of decent people. Sometimes, you may have a feeling that people behave more politely to strangers than their own family members. This can be because they don’t want to be misunderstood or judged harshly if they act carelessly during their short interaction. Are people today as polite as people were in the past? Compared to the old times, I believe our ancestors were far more considerate in terms of social etiquettes and customs. Although we still have our set of rules and taboos about how to interact and behave properly, the sophistication of such behaviors has been drastically simplified. For instance, in the past, when greeting someone, particularly the other gender, people used to bend their knees and bow their heads. This has been replaced by a friendly handshake or swift greeting kisses on both cheeks in modern culture. Why is it important to show respect to others? Being acknowledged and respected is one of the most basic needs of human nature. People want to feel that they matter and so do their opinions, which is why, to build and maintain a healthy relationship, you have to show them respect. Respect can be understood simply as politeness. Acknowledge their presence by saying “hello” and express your gratitude by saying “thank you.” These are some of the smallest deeds anybody can do to communicate their appreciation. How do people show politeness in your country? Just like in other parts of the world, we practice some standard manners to show courtesy. When first encountering someone, we do a proper introduction and handshake to catch each other’s name and go on with our conversation. During our exchange, we try to maintain eye contact and pay undivided attention to the other person to let them know they’re being heard. Most importantly, we keep a genuine smile lingering on our faces to make people feel welcomed and relaxed. Otherwise, things might get awkward. Are there any differences between urban and rural people concerning politeness? People living in different parts of the country usually act according to their local customs, and their concept of politeness varies too. Those who live in rural areas tend to be more friendly, outspoken, and straightforward, which is why they often find themselves in awkward situations when conversing with city people. If anyone who isn’t familiar with their relatively explicit style of talking, they might think they’re impolite, but they just do it out of goodwill. In contrast, urban residents always weigh their words before speaking to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings. How do you deal with impolite people? In my opinion, when someone is acting impolitely, it’s best to remind them of their misbehavior so that they have time to correct it. If they refuse to listen to constructive advice, we can raise our voice to show our disagreement or even teach them some moral lessons at that moment. However, it would be a nightmare if adults misbehave. In such cases, I think it would be most reasonable to stay away from them or ask the elderly to help them rectify their bad behavior. What kinds of behavior are not polite? I believe it depends on the age groups. For children or teenagers, disobeying their parents or not listening to constructive advice from others can be seen as misbehavior. They often have big egos and are reluctant to correct their behavior in public places. For example, a teenager refusing to stop smoking in parks, even if told by adults, is considered impolite. As for adults, some tend to lack education, making it hard to expect any polite acts from them. Such people may resort to swearing or spitting recklessly in the streets, which often causes a big nuisance to others. Do you think politeness is different in different countries and parts of the world? I suppose there’s little doubt about that. Every part of the world has its own culture and unique way of expressing respect and politeness towards others. I recently read an article about how people in Japan treat their senior citizens. The picture of an old lady standing in a subway while other young men sat nearby caught me by surprise. It was only after reading the article that I understood Japanese elders would get offended if youngsters gave them their seats because it makes them feel older and useless. However, if any adolescent in my country did the same, they would be considered disrespectful or uneducated. Vocabulary: Hypocrisy (n): Behavior in which somebody pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have. Decent (a): Honest and fair; treating people with respect. Misunderstand (v): To fail to understand somebody/something correctly. Cast judgment on: To judge. Ancestor (n): A person related to you who lived a long time ago. Considerate (a): Always thinking of other people’s wishes and feelings; careful not to hurt or upset others. Sophistication (n): The quality of being sophisticated; complication. Drastically (adv): In an extreme way that has a sudden, serious, or violent effect on something. Simplify (v): To make something easier to do or understand. Human nature (n): The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans. Gratitude (n): The feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks. Communicate (v): To make your ideas, feelings, thoughts, etc. known to other people so that they understand them. Appreciation (n): The feeling of being grateful for something. Courtesy (n): Polite behavior that shows respect for other people. Encounter (v): To meet somebody or discover or experience something, especially something new, unusual, or unexpected. Eye-contact (n): The act of looking directly into one another's eyes. Linger (v): To continue to exist for longer than expected. Accordingly (adv): In a way that is appropriate to what has been done or said in a particular situation. Outspoken (a): Saying exactly what you think, even if this shocks or offends people. Straightforward (a): Honest and open; not trying to trick somebody or hide something. Converse (v): To have a conversation with somebody. Explicit (a): Saying something clearly, exactly, and openly. Goodwill (n): Friendly, helpful, or cooperative feelings or attitude. Conflict (n): A situation in which people, groups, or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument. Express (v): To show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words, looks, or actions. Senior citizen (n): An elderly person, especially one who is retired and living on a pension. Catch someone by surprise: To surprise someone with something unexpected. Offend (v): To make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassing. Adolescence (n): The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult. Disrespectful (a): Showing a lack of respect for somebody/something. Uneducated (a): Having had little or no formal education at a school; showing a lack of education.

Do you think the weather has an influence on people’s mood? Absolutely, I reckon the weather can really affect how folks feel. For instance, when it's all gloomy and rainy, most people tend to get a bit down in the dumps. On the flip side, a sunny day can lift spirits and make everyone feel more upbeat. It's like the weather has this magical power to set the vibe for the day. How do you feel about the climate in recent years? Well, to be honest, it seems like the climate has been playing tricks on us lately. We've been experiencing these weird fluctuations – hotter summers, colder winters, you name it. It's a bit unsettling, to be fair. I mean, I'm no expert, but it feels like something's off, and we might need to start paying more attention to how we treat our environment. What can we do to stop the greenhouse effect? You know, tackling the greenhouse effect is no piece of cake, but there are some steps we can take. First off, we should cut down on all that gas-guzzling and start using more eco-friendly transportation. Also, planting more trees is a solid move – they're like nature's vacuum cleaners for all that carbon dioxide. It's all about small changes adding up to make a big impact. What are the possible results if the temperature continues going up? If the mercury keeps on rising, we're in for a tough ride. More extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and it's not just about the polar bears – it'll hit us too. We'll be dealing with more heatwaves, droughts, and all sorts of disruptions to our daily lives. It's like a wake-up call to start taking climate change seriously. What do people usually do in winter? Ah, winter! Well, folks generally huddle up indoors to escape the chilly weather. You've got the classic stuff like sipping hot cocoa, snuggling under blankets, and maybe even taking a shot at skiing or snowboarding if you're feeling adventurous. Winter's all about embracing the cold while finding cozy ways to stay warm. What are the new jobs that come up in extreme weather? Funny you ask! With all these crazy weather patterns, we're seeing a surge in jobs related to climate resilience. People are getting into disaster management, renewable energy, and even jobs that focus on protecting communities from the impacts of extreme weather. It's like a whole new job market opening up in response to the changing climate. How do people find it, to work in extremely cold or hot weather? Working in extreme weather conditions can be a mixed bag. Some folks thrive in it, you know, they love the challenge of braving the elements. But for others, it's a struggle. Imagine sweating buckets in scorching heat or trying to stay warm in freezing cold – it's not everyone's cup of tea. It really depends on your tolerance for the extreme stuff. How do extremely cold or hot weathers help people? Believe it or not, extreme weather can toughen people up. Dealing with the biting cold or sweltering heat builds resilience – it's like a natural character test. Plus, extreme weather can be a game-changer for certain industries. Think about the tourism boom in snowy areas or the demand for cooling systems in hot climates. It's a weird kind of balance between challenge and opportunity. Do children enjoy extremely cold weather? Oh, kids are a funny bunch. Some absolutely love the snow – building snowmen, having snowball fights, the whole shebang. It's like a winter wonderland for them. On the other hand, you'll find those who can't stand the cold and just want to hibernate until spring. It really boils down to each child's temperament and how they feel about bundling up in layers or braving the frosty wind. What’s the difference between ‘season’ and ‘weather’? The difference is that seasons are specific times of the year characterized by particular weather patterns and daylight hours, such as spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Weather, on the other hand, refers to the day-to-day atmospheric conditions, such as wind, rain, snow, and sunshine. So it’s a pretty significant difference. In general, do you think people prefer to live in very hot places or very cold places? That’s a good question, and I’m not entirely sure, but I suppose most people probably prefer to live in very hot places. For example, if you compare the number of people living in the far north of the country, where it gets extremely cold, to the southernmost part of the country, where it gets blazing hot, a lot more people live down south, at least as far as I know. So, I think this shows that most people would rather choose a very hot place to live in as opposed to a cold place. In the future, what do you think will be some of the effects of global warming? From what I’ve seen and read, I think one of the likely effects will be a rise in sea levels due to the melting of the polar ice caps. Although I have no idea of how much they will actually rise—hopefully not a lot! Another effect could be that more rivers and lakes will dry up as a result of global warming, and this has already started happening in many parts of the world. So unfortunately, it looks like the effects will all be pretty adverse. What do people do on rainy days and sunny days? It depends greatly on people’s interests. Generally speaking, on rainy days, people might choose to stay at home and enjoy a good movie if it’s raining cats and dogs outside. On the contrary, on sunny days, they tend to ask their friends and organize a small camping trip or go out and participate in some outdoor activities if there is plenty of sunshine. Has climate change affected your country? Yes, it has. Recently, people have been experiencing erratic weather patterns over the last few decades. There are infrequent heatwaves and unpredictable floods, which have caused a great deal of damage to people in the central areas of the country. Besides, global warming is having a detrimental influence on my country as well. The temperature is getting higher, thus decreasing the quality of life for many people, especially those living in the South, as it’s sometimes scorching hot, and all people want to do is stay home and turn on the air conditioner. Vocabulary: Blazing hot (phrase): Very hot. Kind of (informal): Rather, to some extent (often expressing vagueness or used as a meaningless filter). As opposed to (phrase): In comparison with; instead of. Rain cats and dogs (idiom): Rain heavily. On the contrary (phrase): Used for emphasizing that something is true, even though it is the opposite of something that has been said. Erratic (adj.): Not even or regular; unpredictable. Cause/Do damage to something (phrase): Have a detrimental effect on. Scorching hot (phrase): Very hot.

Public Speaking Why do people feel nervous when giving a speech to others? Public speaking has always been one of the greatest challenges for anyone, especially those lacking practice. Like any interpersonal skill, being able to deliver a thorough yet captivating speech to a group of strangers requires certain factors. Reasons why most people fail, for me, fall into two main categories: the fear of the audience’s reaction and the topic itself. People are judgmental creatures and can criticize almost everything; therefore, presenters may suffer from the pressure of perfecting every detail. In addition, if someone is going to talk about a topic that is unfamiliar to them or too sophisticated for listeners, it is possibly not as well-received as one they know more about. How can people improve their public speaking skills? Thanks to the Internet, information is now disseminated worldwide and easily accessible, allowing anyone to get help with public speaking. There are several means to acquire and harness such skills, as long as people are willing, such as enrolling in an online course or participating in forums where people with the same goal gather and share their experiences. This is quite effective, flexible, and, most importantly, free of charge. If you want something more official and academic, talk to some experts in public speaking at conferences or workshops. They will provide you with more insights and tips to begin. Last but not least, practice makes perfect. Can you suggest any methods to help reduce nervousness? Each of us will surely experience the feeling of anxiety at least once in our lifetime. It can be before a job interview or big presentation, or when meeting your family-in-law for the first time. Nervousness could be a good sign since it shows that we care. However, to better perform at such life-changing events, you should control your feelings. Firstly, take a deep breath. You can’t be at your best without breathing easily. Second, don’t try to convince yourself that you’re not anxious. Accept it just like any other feeling, so you don’t have to keep reminding yourself to ignore it. Lastly, use positive self-talk. Encourage yourself and remember that you are in this place for a reason. Is it good for people to visit schools and give a talk to children about different things? As far as I’m concerned, it would be a valuable experience for children to hear real-life stories and personal insights from their predecessors who have been through ups and downs, providing useful lessons and advice. Nowadays, many schools invite guests, such as alumni or influential local figures, to talk to students. A child's life is like a piece of paper on which every person leaves a mark. Therefore, the sooner we sow a good seed and inspire them, the better they will grow. What type of person is best suited to give a talk to a group of students? Well, I see no special talents are needed to deliver a highly motivating and inspiring speech to students as long as their experiences and messages are relevant and meaningful. Hence, people who can grab students’ attention and make them question their goals and purposes are those leading an eventful life. By this, I mean someone who has related experiences and has been through ups and downs during their career to reach success. This is because I believe that if one has never tasted failures and disappointments, they can’t realize their inner strength to overcome setbacks and truly appreciate their success, which is what students should think about when they’re still in school. When you give your speech, do you encounter any problems? Do you think some adults feel tension when they are giving a speech? If you ask me, I would have to say that I often come up against some obstacles when preparing my speech as well as when the speech is in progress. In the process of preparation, I often have a hard time picking a topic that is relevant and can capture the interest of the audience. If you don’t, they might get fed up with the speech, and you end up conveying no messages at all to others. While giving a talk, I usually stammer and feel at a loss for words at times, which is a weakness that I’m trying to overcome. What are the benefits of public speaking? When a person successfully delivers a good speech, it gives a sense of self-worth. A positive response from the audience can help a person feel more confident. Thus, it can bring about a lot of improvement in one’s overall personality. Last but not least, the art of public speaking improves relationships. Once a person develops good public speaking skills, a marked improvement can be seen in their interpersonal skills, which in turn helps maintain healthy relationships with friends and family. Even in one’s professional life, effective interaction with one's boss, clients, or subordinates can enhance the possibility of advancement in their chosen profession. Do you think colleges or high schools should ask some celebrities to communicate with the students? If you ask me, I would frankly say that there should be times when public figures are invited to speak in front of students in schools. What I’m trying to say is that via their inspirational speeches, the youth can change their frame of mind, as they are quite impressionable by their idols. I recall a time when a celebrated top figure in my country volunteered to give a brief lecture at my university. Hundreds of students turned out to see him and were moved by the stories he shared. Vocabulary: Utmost (adj.): Greatest; most extreme. Captivating (adj.): Taking all your attention; very attractive and interesting. Judgmental (adj.): Judging people and criticizing them too quickly. Cast aspersions on: To criticize someone or someone's character. Sophisticated (adj.): Complicated. Well-received (adj.): Getting a good reaction from people. Disseminate (v.): To spread information, knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many people. Accessible (adj.): That can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc. Acquire (v.): To gain something by your own efforts, ability, or behavior. Harness (v.): To control and use the force or strength of something to produce power or achieve something. Nervousness (n.): The feeling of being anxious about something or afraid of something. Life-changing (adj.): Having an effect that is strong enough to change someone's life. Valuable (adj.): Very useful or important. Predecessor (n.): A person who did a job before somebody else. Ups and downs: The mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation or relationship. Alumni (n.): The former male and female students of a school, college, or university. Influential (adj.): Having a lot of influence on somebody/something. Motivate (v.): To be the reason why somebody does something or behaves in a particular way. Inspiring (adj.): Exciting and encouraging you to do or feel something. Relevant (adj.): Having ideas that are valuable and useful to people in their lives and work. Setback (n.): A difficulty or problem that delays or prevents something or makes a situation worse. Grab someone’s attention: To draw or attract someone's attention. 4o

Mobile Phone Usage When do you need a mobile phone the most? From my personal experience, when people go to an unfamiliar place and can't navigate their way out of trouble, a mobile phone often comes in handy. I recall vividly, as if it were yesterday, the time when I left my cell phone at home during a backpacking trip. Unfortunately, I got lost and couldn’t contact my family back home. What I’m trying to say is that your life can even be put in danger without a phone in your pocket. What are the differences between how young and old people use mobile phones? There is a world of difference in the ways the two generations use their phones. Elderly people would rather go for phones with simple designs and use them mainly to communicate with their peers. By stark contrast, the youth are hooked on the latest models of smartphones with various functions besides communication, such as surfing the net and playing games. This means that you often see teenagers glued to their smartphone screens, reading witty comments on Facebook or chatting with their buddies via messenger applications. Do you prefer face-to-face conversations or conversations by phone? I prefer face-to-face conversations because I think it’s more personal. Nowadays, the telephone is becoming more and more popular. Sometimes, people spend hours on their phones but neglect the people who live with them. I think this is not a good phenomenon. We should treasure face-to-face talking opportunities and spend more time with our family members. Would you say that cell phones are important in today’s society? Yeah, definitely. A lot of people feel that they can’t live without cell phones. People use cell phones as a means of communication and entertainment. Many people give up wearing watches because their cell phones can tell them the time. However, it may not be good for people to depend on cell phones too much because a lot of our time is consumed by them without us being conscious of the fact. Do you think cell phones ever cause problems for people? Yes, of course. Some children bring cell phones to school, which really distracts them from their studies. Many schools now have strict rules forbidding students to bring cell phones to school. Additionally, there are concerns about the radiation problems of cell phones. Although we don't know exactly how serious it might be, it still makes us uncomfortable if we’re on the phone for a long time. What’s the disadvantage of communicating through the phone? There are some disadvantages to talking on the phone. When we use the phone, we usually can’t see each other’s facial expressions, which might lead to misunderstandings. Also, cell phones have radiation problems, and it's not good for our health if we talk on the phone for a very long time. Another issue is that when we talk on the phone, we're not actually facing other people, so if there are other distractions, we might be easily distracted compared to face-to-face conversations. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cell phone? The cell phone is one of the biggest inventions in the modern world. Because of the cell phone, we can communicate with others when we don't have the opportunity to talk to them face-to-face. We can chat with friends and family members who live far away from us, and when we have emergencies, we can always press the buttons to call for help. However, there are also some disadvantages. As we all know, the radiation problem of the cell phone is serious. Additionally, when we use cell phones, we literally don't have any privacy because people can find us no matter where we are. Vocabulary: Navigate: To find one's way. Vividly: Clearly and in detail. Backpacking: Traveling or hiking carrying one's belongings in a backpack. By stark contrast: In complete opposition. Hooked on: Addicted to or obsessed with. Glued to: Completely focused on. Phenomenon: An observable fact or event. Consumed: Used up or absorbed. Radiation problems: Health issues caused by exposure to radiation. Misunderstandings: Failures to understand correctly. Face-to-face conversations: Interactions where people are physically present with each other. Privacy: The state of being free from public attention. Predicaments: Difficult or unpleasant situations. 4o

What’s the most important factor in decision-making? Well, you know, when it comes to decision-making, I reckon weighing the pros and cons plays a crucial role. It's like, you gotta consider all sides of the coin, you know? Also, trusting your gut feeling is a big deal. I mean, it's those instincts that often guide us to the right choice. So, yeah, I'd say a mix of logic and intuition is key. Do you think adults always make better decisions than children? Hmm, that's an interesting one. I'd say it's not always black and white. I mean, sure, adults have more experience under their belts, but sometimes kids surprise you with their fresh perspective, you know? It's like, they see things through a different lens. So, I'd say it depends on the situation, and sometimes, a child's innocence can bring out some pretty solid decisions. Do you like to make quick decisions? Well, you see, I'm a bit of a ponderer. I don't usually jump into things headfirst. I like taking my time to mull things over. It's like, I want to make sure I've turned every stone before making a call. But hey, I get that sometimes quick decisions are necessary, like in emergencies. So, it's a bit of a balance, you know? What can people learn from wrong decisions? Oh, absolutely! Making a wrong call is like, a learning curve, isn't it? I mean, you stumble, but then you pick yourself up and dust off. It's like, you figure out what went south and make sure not to go down that road again. It's all about gaining wisdom through the school of hard knocks, I guess. So, yeah, mistakes are just stepping stones to getting it right next time. Should parents make decisions for their children? Ah, that's a tricky one. I think parents should definitely guide their kids, you know, offer some wisdom. But hey, giving them some room to spread their wings and make choices, even if they stumble a bit, that's important too. It's like, you want them to learn to fly on their own, with a safety net, of course. So, a bit of a balance between guidance and letting them navigate their own path, that's the ticket. What skills are necessary when making decisions? Well, there are quite a few skills we should master when making a decision. The first is having a clear vision of what the future looks like once a decision is reached. To be precise, we must weigh the pros and cons as well as consider the worst-case scenarios of each option. Secondly, it is essential to judge our own abilities correctly, a skill often ignored. We should be aware of our strengths and weaknesses before deciding whether to take risks. How do you think computers will change the way people make decisions? It is undoubted that computers play a significant role in altering the decision-making process. In the past, people often relied on themselves or family members for advice when faced with life's predicaments. However, with the advancement of technology, especially computers, we can access a vast source of online information, read different reviews, or seek professional advice easily. This definitely provides a clearer picture of the pros and cons to weigh before reaching a final decision. Do you think that parents should make important decisions for their children? It's true that parents have more experience and often impose their viewpoints on their kids, sometimes urging them to follow their advice. However, the final decision should lie with the children themselves because they are the ones who will take responsibility for their actions. Parents' role is to inform the young of the consequences they have to bear if a certain decision is made. Vocabulary: Clear vision: A well-defined idea of what one wants to achieve. Pros and cons: The positive and negative aspects of something. Worst-case scenarios: The most adverse possible outcomes. Judge abilities: Assess one's own skills and capacities. Strengths and weaknesses: Positive and negative attributes. Altering: Changing or modifying. Predicaments: Difficult or unpleasant situations. Advancement: Progress or development. Access: The ability to obtain or make use of something. Vast source: A large amount of information. Final decision: The ultimate choice or conclusion. Impose: To force something to be accepted or put in place. Viewpoints: Perspectives or opinions. Responsibility: The state or fact of being accountable for something. Consequences: Results or effects of actions.

In a typical family, who plays the leading role? The stereotype is that the father is the breadwinner of the family, making decisions and taking responsibility for everyone. This stems from the traditional view where the father holds a high position in society while the mother is a housewife or involved in trivial work like cleaning or babysitting. However, this is not as common in modern society, where freedom and equality are highly valued. Women are just as successful as men and no longer restricted to monotonous household chores as they were in the past. In your country, what kinds of family members usually live together? Despite the increasing popularity of nuclear families, extended families still exist in our society. Typically, both parents and one to three children live together under the same roof. In some cases, a grandmother or grandfather joins them to take care of the small children while the parents are at work. Less commonly, multiple generations reside in the same house, usually a multi-story house, including uncles, aunts, and their families. Such arrangements can lead to problems when many members live in a single place. Do young and middle-aged people live with old people? Unlike in Western countries, where it is common to send older grandparents to nursing homes, people in my country feel bound by duty to care for their parents. As a result, younger and middle-aged people often share a house with older family members. This arrangement benefits everyone, as small children receive special care from their grandparents and gain invaluable hands-on experience, developing a good code of conduct. What would children do to make their parents proud? Children can make their parents proud by performing well at school and behaving well towards teachers and elders. Parents take great pride when their children achieve good grades or when others praise them for being nice. Additionally, helping with mundane tasks around the house, like sweeping the floor or washing dishes, is a way for children to make their parents proud. Should teenagers have freedom? Teenagers should be given freedom to a certain extent. During this impressionable age, they can undergo a tough time in their personality growth and often rebel against their parents. Parents should allow them to pursue their interests instead of imposing certain behaviors. However, parents should also monitor and advise their children, intervening if they make mistakes or engage in unacceptable behavior. Do you like to spend time on your own or with your family/friends? I prefer to spend time with my family. Since my parents are always pied up with work, we rarely find time for each other. We try to make the most of our time by having dinner together at restaurants on weekends or watching movies if time permits. For me, it's better to build a close-knit family and strengthen our bonds. What are parents' responsibilities for their children? Parents are primarily responsible for the safety and upbringing of their children. This includes feeding them, comforting them, and ensuring their well-being under all circumstances. Parents must make sure their children have everything they need, opportunities to learn, and grow up to be well-mannered individuals. What are children’s responsibilities for parents when they reach old age? When children grow up, it’s common for them to take care of their parents and even grandparents. This care is similar to looking after children, ensuring their safety and meeting their needs. Whether living with the family or in a special care home, elderly parents need to feel safe, secure, and valued. In my family, both my grandparents lived with us when they were very old, and we all helped take care of them. It's also important to make them feel loved and important despite their age and frailty. What’s the influence of parents on their children? Parents’ behaviors greatly influence their children. Polite, generous, and kind parents tend to raise children with similar traits. Parents also influence their children in making important decisions, offering guidance to help them choose wisely. Additionally, parents’ attitudes towards work, marriage, and life can shape their children's perspectives. For instance, frequent parental quarrels can lead to children losing confidence in love and marriage. Vocabulary: Breadwinner: The primary earner in a family. Trivial work: Minor or less important tasks. Freedom and equality: The state of being free and having equal rights. Monotonous household chores: Repetitive and unvaried tasks around the house. Nuclear families: A family consisting of parents and their children only. Extended families: A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Multi-story house: A house with multiple levels or floors. Problems: Issues or difficulties. Bound by duty: Obligated to fulfill a responsibility. Nursing homes: Facilities that provide care for the elderly. Invaluable hands-on experience: Extremely useful practical knowledge or skills gained through direct involvement. Code of conduct: A set of rules outlining proper behavior. Mundane tasks: Ordinary and routine activities. Impressionable age: A time in life when a person is easily influenced. Personality growth: The development of one's character and personality. Monitor and advise: To observe and provide guidance. Pied up: Very busy or overwhelmed with work (more commonly phrased as "piled up"). Build a close-knit family: To create a family with strong, supportive relationships. Strengthen our bonds: To enhance the connections and relationships among family members. Safety and upbringing: The protection and nurturing of children. Special care home: A facility that provides specialized care for those who need it. Valued: Considered important and appreciated. Polite: Having good manners and showing respect. Generous: Willing to give more than is necessary or expected. Kind: Having a friendly, generous, and considerate nature. Guidance: Advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty. Perspectives: A particular attitude or way of viewing something.

What makes a good teacher? In my opinion, a good teacher should be patient, responsible, and knowledgeable. However, the most important quality is being inspiring. Good teachers should motivate students to think independently, act confidently, and embrace challenges. They bring out the best in their students by fostering hope and enthusiasm for learning. What is the most important quality of a good teacher? In my view, the most crucial quality of a good teacher is their ability to inspire. An inspiring teacher encourages students to dream big, think critically, and act boldly. They ignite a passion for learning and personal growth, helping students realize their potential and strive for excellence. What are the differences between good teachers and bad ones? Good teachers inspire and engage students, making learning an exciting and rewarding experience. They foster a supportive environment where students feel motivated and eager to learn. In contrast, bad teachers often focus on rigidly enforcing rules, creating a disengaging atmosphere. They may act more like authoritarian figures, which can make students feel frustrated and disinterested. What factors are the driving force for people to become teachers? There are various factors that drive people to become teachers. Some are motivated by a personal passion for teaching and a desire to make a difference. Others may be influenced by family expectations or a sense of achievement. For some, teaching fulfills a long-held dream or provides a meaningful career path. Why do some people choose to be a lifelong teacher? Some individuals choose to be lifelong teachers because they find true fulfillment in helping others grow and succeed. They see teaching as a noble vocation that allows them to contribute to society by guiding and mentoring students. The joy of seeing students develop and achieve their goals can be a powerful motivator. What are the difficulties teachers may confront? Teachers face several challenges in their profession. One significant difficulty is keeping up with the ever-expanding body of knowledge, which requires continuous learning and professional development. Additionally, students' increasing expectations and demands for engaging and qualified teachers can be challenging. Balancing these demands while maintaining effective teaching practices can be a significant hurdle. Did you ever act as a teacher? Yes, I have taught English at a university in Can Tho City. It was an unforgettable experience. I had a great rapport with my students, and we shared many memorable moments together. It was rewarding to see them progress and develop their skills. What types of schools are there in Vietnam? In Vietnam, the education system includes various types of schools such as primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, vocational and technical schools, colleges, and universities. Each type serves a different educational purpose and level. How do single-sex schools and mixed schools differ? Single-sex schools tend to create a more focused academic environment, as students are less distracted by relationships between genders. Mixed schools, on the other hand, offer a more diverse and dynamic environment where students learn to interact with the opposite sex. This can help them develop social skills and adapt to a variety of social settings. Between single-sex schools and mixed schools, which is better? There is no definitive answer as it depends on individual needs and preferences. Single-sex schools may offer a more academically focused environment, while mixed schools provide a richer social experience. The choice depends on what parents and students value most in their educational experience. What kind of schools would you like to send your children to study? I would prefer to send my children to mixed schools. I believe it’s important for them to develop a well-rounded understanding of both genders and learn to interact with a diverse group of people. This exposure can help them build strong social skills and prepare them for a balanced view of the world. What do you think of private schools and public schools? Private schools often have the advantage of offering high-quality teaching, better facilities, and more personalized attention due to their funding sources. However, they are generally more accessible to students from affluent families. Public schools, funded by government resources, are more inclusive and provide education to students from diverse economic backgrounds, though they may face challenges in terms of resources and facilities. Vocabulary with Meanings Inspiring - Providing motivation and encouragement to others. Fulfillment - A sense of satisfaction or happiness achieved by meeting one's goals or desires. Engaging - Capturing and holding interest or attention. Rigidly - Strictly or inflexibly; not allowing for flexibility. Vocational - Relating to a career or occupation, especially one requiring specialized training. Noble - Having high moral qualities; honorable. Dynamic - Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress. Affluent - Having a lot of money and wealth. Inclusive - Including all types of people or things; not excluding any group.

Should schools teach both arts and science? Absolutely! I believe schools should strike a balance between arts and science. It's crucial for students to have a well-rounded education that nurtures both creativity and analytical thinking. Incorporating arts alongside science helps students develop a broader perspective and encourages them to think outside the box. It's like having a colorful palette to paint the canvas of knowledge! What kinds of courses are useful for university students? Well, university students can benefit from a mix of theoretical and practical courses. A good blend of academic subjects and hands-on experiences equips them with not only theoretical knowledge but also real-world skills. It's like having the best of both worlds, where book smarts meet street smarts, ensuring students are well-prepared for the challenges they'll face beyond the lecture hall. Why do some students dislike studying at school? Well, you know, not all students are cut from the same cloth. Some might find the traditional classroom setting a bit confining. It's like trying to fit a square peg into a round hole. It's essential to recognize and cater to different learning styles. Introducing more interactive and engaging teaching methods could be the key to unlocking the enthusiasm for learning in those who find the conventional approach a bit snooze-worthy. What school activities are good for schoolchildren? Oh, without a doubt, extracurricular activities are the icing on the academic cake! Things like sports, drama, or even science clubs provide students with a chance to spread their wings beyond textbooks. It's like adding flavor to the educational stew. These activities not only enhance their social skills but also help them discover hidden talents, making the school experience a well-rounded adventure. Are there good colleges in your country? Absolutely! We've got some top-notch colleges that offer a solid education. It's like having a treasure trove of knowledge hubs. These institutions not only provide quality education but also create an environment that fosters personal growth and development. It's like a stepping stone to a brighter future for those seeking higher education. Are college tuitions reasonable in your country? Well, that's a bit of a mixed bag. Some might say it's a bit on the pricey side, while others argue it's a worthwhile investment. It's like weighing the pros and cons of a decision. However, ensuring access to affordable education for all would be like leveling the playing field and giving everyone a fair shot at reaching their academic dreams. Do many people in your country study abroad? Oh, you bet! Studying abroad is like spreading wings and exploring new horizons. Many folks see it as a golden opportunity to broaden their perspectives, meet people from different walks of life, and immerse themselves in diverse cultures. It's like taking a leap of faith into the global classroom. Are women encouraged to pursue education? Absolutely! Times have changed, and there's a growing push for gender equality in education. It's like breaking down barriers and empowering women to chase their academic dreams. Society is recognizing that education knows no gender, and encouraging women to pursue their studies is like investing in a brighter, more inclusive future. Do you think teachers are paid enough? Well, that's a bit of a sticky wicket. Many would argue that teachers deserve a bigger piece of the pie. It's like acknowledging their invaluable role in shaping young minds. Adequate compensation is essential to motivate and retain quality educators, ensuring that the seeds of knowledge are planted by well-nourished hands. Do you think your country should spend more money on schools? Absolutely! Investing in education is like planting seeds for a bountiful harvest. Allocating more funds to schools means better facilities, resources, and, ultimately, a more robust education system. It's like sowing the seeds of knowledge and reaping the benefits in the form of a more educated and empowered society. Do you think it is easier to learn as a child or as an adult? Ah, that's a bit of a head-scratcher. Learning as a child is like soaking up knowledge like a sponge – everything seems to stick effortlessly. On the other hand, as adults, it's like breaking old habits and adapting to new ways of thinking. Both have their charms and challenges, but the key is to keep that thirst for knowledge alive, no matter your age. Does education guarantee a good job? Well, it's a bit of a puzzle, you see. Education opens doors, no doubt about it. It's like having the keys to different opportunities. However, success in the job market also depends on other factors like skills, determination, and a bit of luck. It's like putting together a puzzle – education is just one piece of the larger picture. Is it difficult for people without a college education to get good jobs where you live? It can be a bit of an uphill climb for those without a college degree. It's like navigating a maze where having that diploma is often seen as a golden ticket. However, the job market is evolving, and there's a growing recognition of skills and experience. It's like rewriting the rules, slowly but surely, to create more avenues for success, diploma or not. What are the qualities of a good teacher? A good teacher is like a guiding light in the dark realm of education. Patience is key – it's like a virtue that helps them navigate the challenges of diverse classrooms. Effective communication, a dash of humor, and the ability to wear many hats are like the secret ingredients to keeping students engaged and excited about learning. What are the qualities of a good student? Ah, the makings of a stellar student! Being proactive is like seizing the bull by the horns and taking charge of one's learning journey. Curiosity is the fuel that keeps the academic engine running, and resilience is like a superhero cape, helping them overcome obstacles. It's the perfect recipe for success in the academic arena. Does your country provide a good public school system? Well, our public school system is a bit of a mixed bag. Some might argue that it needs a bit of a facelift, while others appreciate the efforts of dedicated educators. It's like a work in progress, with steps being taken to ensure that every child, regardless of their background, receives a quality education. It's a journey towards improvement. What improvements does the school system need? Oh, there's always room for improvement! It's like fine-tuning a musical instrument to create a harmonious melody. Investing in updated resources, supporting teachers with professional development, and fostering a more inclusive environment are like the necessary notes to elevate our school system to new heights. It's a collective effort to build a brighter future for the next generation. What do you think of the education system in Vietnam? I think we have quite a comprehensive education system, especially the basic educa­tion. But it still has some problems. For example, the focus of the teaching is on exams instead of problem-solving, and teachers still use the traditional force-feeding method. So, the students are always busy with their endless homework without any time to play. How important do you think education is to an individual? I think education is very important to an individual. In my opinion, with education, one can learn a lot of knowledge, which can enrich one's life. From my personal experience, in the course of learning, I discovered many new things, for example, learn to do my own learning, how to train my critical thinking skills. One thing which is really important to me is that I discovered my potential, that means, what I am really good at. With this understanding, I could put my potential into full play and realise my dream and my ambitions. As you know, knowledge is so important in modern society. Actually, knowledge is power. With education, I improved myself in the quality of life, giving myself a chance to go out of the remote mountain village to receive higher education in this capital city of Ha Noi, to meet and learn from many people from different cultural background. Now, I feel so lucky to have received the education that I'm able to live a colourful and fulfilling life. How important are the roles of theory and practice in your discipline? In my discipline, theory and practice are equally important. Having a strong back­ground in theory, you will be able to analyse and design new and big software. On the other hand, having sound practical experience will enable you to have new ideas realised, then you can transform your ideas into products very rapidly and establish your business within a short period. What do you think are the major problems in the Vietnamese education system? I think the main problem is the teaching approaches in Vietnam. The majority of teachers and students work for exams in schools nowadays in Vietnam. As you know, Vietnam basically has an exam-oriented education system, with force-feeding approaches dominating. So, some students are very good at memorising facts but what they really need is creativity, imagination and originality. But actually some improvements are being made gradually. For example, in some good schools, quality teaching is being practised, which means that the students are learning to be independent with practical problem-solving skills. How important do you think the computer is in education today? Are there any subjects computers cannot teach today? Computers can’t possibly replace human teachers although there are some subjects in which a computer can be used successfully to teach, especially elementary mathematics and elementary language learning. In fact, any area which requires a student to memorise basic facts through repetition is well suited to computer learning. The computer can be programmed to provide an endless number of simple questions, and as the student answers these questions the facts are learned and reinforced. However, in the learning and practice of more complex ideas, the computer is not adequate. A computer can evaluate an answer as right or wrong, but it cannot determine why. It cannot find out why a student is making mistakes, and then represent important concepts in a different way so the student will understand. So you see, while computers may be useful as a tool for practising simple skills, they cannot monitor a student’s grasp of concepts, nor evaluate a student’s reason­ing. It will certainly be used only as a tool, not a substitute for human nature. Which do you think is the best university in Vietnam? I suppose the National University is. For one thing, it is a prestigious comprehensive university with worldwide reputation. It has been my dream to go to the National University since I was a child, For another, a lot of famous statesmen and scholars used to ' study or teach there. What do you think are the best qualities a good teacher should have? Well, it's an interesting question. I think a good teacher should have several qualities. First of all, he should love and dedicate himself to his teaching and he should be respon­sible for his students. He should be very patient with them and always ready to listen to them and help them solve their problems in their studies. Of course, he should be open- minded and knowledgeable in his field. And a good voice is also very important for him to make a clear speech in front of his students. How can a teacher make learning more interesting? It’s a pleasure for me to answer the question. As a teacher, I think there are several ways to make the teaching or learning more interesting than any other thing. Firstly, the teacher should remember that education is a participatory process and both the teacher and the learner should communicate effectively to make the learning more interesting. When it is about to learn only, the students lose their interest in the topic. The teacher is responsible for making the class interesting and for that s/ he may also improvise the activities. For instance, when I deliver lectures at the graduate school, I try to engage the students with me. Sometimes I speak less and allow the other students to talk in the class. Besides, when I use a digital presentation using Microsoft Powerpoint, I add more images than texts to make the issues clearer and interesting to the students. Reading through the texts appears boring to me and the students also do not prefer so. Thereby, I try to bring variations in my teaching methods. At times I inspire my students to deliver lectures instead of me or to teach the other students what they have learnt in real. This is an effective technique and when the students play teachers’ role, they find interest in that. Thus, I think these are some of the interesting ways to make the class more interesting and the teacher is the key player in this case. What was the most popular subject in your school? Why was it popular?There were several popular subjects in my school but unfortunately I cannot recall all the names. The most prominent names that appear in my mind are English literature, social science and geography. The school appointed several skilled and well-experienced teachers to teach the subjects. But among the three subjects, English was preferable to me because of the teaching method, and in fact, I was highly influenced by the teaching methods of Mr. Edward who used to teach English literature. It was not only me who was in love rather it was the entire class of mine. It happened because we did not have to study at home. Mr. Edward was so skilled that he completed all the lessons in the class. The classes were like we were listening to any story and sometimes we were responding spontaneously. As a result, we did not have to study the text again at home while the instant tests and examinations were superb. Besides, I also enjoyed the geography class as the teacher used a very large map to show different countries and also applied other necessary educative materials to make the lessons perfect. Are there any subjects that shouldn’t be taught in school? Why? Uhh! The subjects of pure science like physics, chemistry, mathematics etc. are some of the toughest subjects and this is completely my private opinion. Most of the students cannot get the desired scores getting promoted to the next grade as they lack skills over the subjects. In fact, the brain is not matured enough to go through the complex rules and theories. As a result, a sense of irritation grows inside them and they lose interest in studying the subjects. So, I think the subjects should be kept for a higher level at least they should be initiated after the secondary level. Overall I do not think any subject has less importance and I can’t recall a single subject that was not proven important in my higher studies .How can the school help students overcome a problem with a certain subject? Do you think that visiting different websites has a benefit?Well. This is an awfully concerning issue for the school when a bunch or a single student fails to comprehend any specific subject. Sometimes they cannot go through the subjects and mostly it happens when they are uninterested in studying with it. Then the schools take different preventive measures to solve the problem. Usually, the school authority arranges for extra classes or starts extra hours of schooling for the students who are lagging behind. This is highly beneficial for the students and it works great for them. Visiting various websites is also helpful for the students. They may not get the desired answers on their prescribed textbooks but the answer might be available on the websites. So, they may regularly visit the websites for their enrichment of knowledge. How are education priorities today different from those in the past? Well, thank you for the question and you might be informed that India is advancing technologically in line with the other developed countries and therefore, education is a burning issue for us.To be frank, over the priority of education, I have to recall the past days of my country. India has a long glorious past and been ruled by different rulers and regimes. The importance of education did not get chances to rise before 1947. When we received independence from the British rulers, the necessity of education started appearing. But education bloomed after the 1960s in India for several reasons. To maintain the state, the government needed some educated employees. But in the current days, survival without education is impossible in a word. You cannot think of a decent life or standard living features in India if you lack the required level of education. Education has become more important in the current days rather than the previous years. The importance of education has been done by the necessity, population growth and the desire to sustain amid thousands. I think you will agree with me on the issue that it is an extremely concerning issue for us. In past, the needs were less while the people did not need education at an advanced level to meet their needs. But the scenario is just the opposite today. What is your opinion on the way languages are taught in schools? This is a serious question, I think, as learning a language is an important thing for communication. If the learners are not taught the language perfectly, they surely will fail to communicate with others and express their opinions. But there is nothing to get worried about the teaching methods. The teachers are skilled and well trained to teach a language. Sometimes they use the audio-visual methods to make the language learning easier while they also arrange different situations where the kids or student are to participate in interpersonal ways to discuss. It helps them to get a good command over the language and builds the base. This is the common ways to teach a language in the educational institutions. There are some other special ways to teach the language to the kids and people with disabilities. How can the type of school you go to affect career success? In the present world, unemployment is a great problem and there is no exact remedy for this problem found yet. So, picking a career never depends on the subject you are studying. Actually, the subjects or courses you study may not be helpful in your career. For instance, you are a student of science background, and accordingly achieved the highest degree in science but when you are in your career track you have to choose something that is different from your academic background. You won’t believe that I know some people who could not shine following their academic setting rather their potential have been improved when they gave up the track after their academic studies. Career success is a different thing and you are to agree with me on this issue. It’s my own belief that people cannot be successful in career for their hard efforts and studies in schools rather it is based on your attempts to gain success. What changes do you think will happen in the classroom in the near future? Hmmm! This is an important question and cannot be described in few words. Firstly you have to realise the setting of the country and how it evaluates education. India is a rapidly growing economy and thus it needs educated and skilled hands to perform and meet the wide varieties of needs. Thereby, on that point of view, the education system may experience a massive change in the near future. It may happen like that the hard copy books may get replaced with the e-books. Examinations and evaluations may also be changed. Still today we are answering exams by writing and appearing on the exam centres, and someday the exams may be on open books system or you can have the option to answer it by e-mail. Please do not take my thoughts as granted, I’m talking about possibilities. Vocabulary: Strike a balance - To achieve a state where different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. Well-rounded education - An education that covers a wide range of subjects, providing a comprehensive understanding. Nurtures - Encourages and supports the growth or development of something. Broader perspective - A more comprehensive and wide-ranging viewpoint. Think outside the box - To think creatively and unconventionally. Palette - A range or variety of something. Theoretical - Based on or involving theory rather than practical application. Hands-on experiences - Practical experiences where one is actively engaged. Blend - A mixture or combination of different things. Confined - Restricted in area or volume. Square peg into a round hole - Trying to fit something into a situation where it does not belong or is not suitable. Interactive - Involving active engagement and participation. Engaging - Captivating and holding interest. Snooze-worthy - Boring enough to make someone want to sleep. Extracurricular activities - Activities that fall outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education. Social skills - Abilities necessary for interacting and communicating with others effectively. Top-notch - Of the highest quality. Treasure trove - A store of valuable or delightful things. Mixed bag - A diverse assortment of things; having both positive and negative aspects. Weighing the pros and cons - Considering the positive and negative aspects of something. Leveling the playing field - Making conditions fair for everyone. Spreading wings - Expanding one's activities or range of interests. Golden opportunity - A very good chance to achieve something. Gender equality - Equal rights and opportunities regardless of gender. Sticky wicket - A difficult or awkward situation. Invaluable - Extremely useful or indispensable. Compensation - Payment or remuneration for services or work. Seeds of knowledge - The foundational elements of learning and education. Head-scratcher - Something confusing or puzzling. Soaking up knowledge - Absorbing information easily. Puzzle - A problem or enigma that requires solving. Navigating a maze - Finding one's way through a complicated situation. Golden ticket - A highly desirable opportunity or advantage. Guiding light - A person or principle that directs or influences someone positively. Virtue - A quality considered morally good or desirable. Stellar - Exceptionally good or outstanding. Proactive - Taking initiative and action rather than responding passively. Curiosity - A strong desire to know or learn something. Resilience - The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties. Mixed bag - A diverse assortment of things; having both positive and negative aspects. Fine-tuning - Making small adjustments to improve something. Collective effort - A combined action or endeavor by a group of people. Glorious past - A period of great achievement and success in history. Force-feeding - Pushing information on someone in a way that feels overwhelming or oppressive. Comprehensive - Including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Theory and practice - The concepts and ideas behind something (theory) and the actual doing of it (practice). Exam-oriented - Focused primarily on preparing for and succeeding in exams. Creativity - The use of imagination or original ideas to create something. Imagination - The ability to form new ideas, images, or concepts not present to the senses. Originality - The ability to think independently and creatively. Elementary - Basic and fundamental. Memorizing - Committing something to memory. Adequate - Sufficient and satisfactory in quality or quantity. Monitor - To observe and check the progress or quality of something. Grasp of concepts - Understanding of ideas and principles. Reasoning - The action of thinking about something in a logical way. Substitute - A person or thing acting in place of another. Reputation - The beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something. Prestigious - Having high status or reputation. Dedicated - Devoted to a task or purpose. Improvising - Creating or performing spontaneously or without preparation. Digital presentation - A display of information in a digital format, often using software like PowerPoint. Textbook - A book used as a standard work for the study of a particular subject. Facelift - A renovation or improvement of something to make it look better or more modern. Decent life - A life that meets basic standards of living and quality. E-books - Electronic versions of books. Evaluations - Assessments or judgments about something. Open books system - A method of examination where students can refer to their books or notes while answering questions. Technologically - In a way that relates to technology. Audio-visual methods - Teaching methods that involve both sound and visual elements. Interpersonal - Relating to relationships or communication between people. Unemployment - The state of being without a job despite actively looking for work. Career success - Achieving desired outcomes in one's professional life. Massive change - A significant or extensive alteration. E-books - Digital versions of books that can be read on electronic devices. Enrichment - The act of improving or enhancing the quality or value of something. 1. What makes a good student? Response: Well, a good student isn't just about acing exams; it's someone with a thirst for knowledge. They're curious, engaged, and not afraid to ask questions. Good students are persistent, disciplined, and have that magical ingredient - a genuine passion for learning. It's not just about the grades; it's about the journey of understanding and applying what's being taught. 2. What role should the teacher have in the classroom? Response: The teacher is like the captain of the ship, steering the vessel through the vast sea of knowledge. They're not just dispensers of information; they're guides, mentors, and facilitators. A good teacher fosters an environment that encourages critical thinking, creativity, and open dialogue. It's about igniting the spark of curiosity and inspiring students to navigate their own educational voyage. 3. Do you think computers will one day replace teachers in the classroom? Response: Well, you know, it's an interesting thought, but I reckon computers can't quite replace the human touch. Teaching is more than just transmitting information; it's about understanding emotions, adapting to individual needs, and fostering a supportive learning environment. Computers can be powerful tools, but the personal connection and nuanced understanding a teacher provides are irreplaceable. 4. How has teaching changed in your country in the last few decades? Response: Teaching has undergone quite the transformation in recent decades. With the advent of technology, traditional chalk-and-talk methods have made way for interactive smart boards, online resources, and even virtual classrooms. The focus has shifted from rote memorization to fostering critical thinking and practical application. It's a shift towards a more dynamic and student-centric approach. 5. What is the difference between the way children learn and the way adults learn? Response: Oh, it's like comparing apples and oranges! Children are like sponges, absorbing information through play, exploration, and hands-on experiences. Adults, on the other hand, often draw from their life experiences, linking new knowledge to what they already know. Adults may have a more focused and goal-oriented approach, while children thrive on the freedom of discovery and spontaneity. 6. How can a teacher make lessons for children more interesting? Response: Ah, that's the million-dollar question! Injecting a dose of fun is key. Incorporate games, storytelling, and hands-on activities. It's like turning learning into a grand adventure. Also, tapping into their interests – if a lesson rela

1. Are rules suitable for all students? Certainly not. Rules are often implemented to enforce certain behavioral standards, which might not always align with every student’s personal preferences or circumstances. Some students may find these rules restrictive or unfair, leading to dissatisfaction and resistance. When rules create more obstacles or discomfort, students might feel compelled to disobey them. Ultimately, rules need to be flexible enough to accommodate individual needs and circumstances to be effective and accepted. 2. What rules are there in your school? / in your company? In schools, several rules are typically enforced. Students are required to wear uniforms, attend classes punctually, and display their student ID cards to prevent unauthorized access. These rules aim to maintain order and security within the school environment. In a company setting, adherence to punctuality is crucial; employees must clock in on time to avoid salary deductions. Additionally, the use of entertainment applications during work hours is prohibited to ensure productivity. This means employees are expected to focus solely on their tasks and refrain from personal smartphone use while at work. 3. Why is it important to obey the law? Obeying the law is essential for maintaining social order and stability. Laws provide a framework of acceptable behavior, and penalties for violations deter individuals from engaging in criminal activities. This system not only promotes lawful behavior but also helps protect others from harm. For instance, laws against littering encourage environmental consciousness and proper waste disposal by imposing fines on offenders, thereby fostering a cleaner environment. 4. What can parents and teachers do to help children follow rules? Parents and teachers can significantly influence children's adherence to rules by setting a positive example. Demonstrating desirable behaviors themselves encourages children to mimic these actions. Additionally, implementing a reward system for good behavior can be motivating. Rather than relying solely on punitive measures, recognizing and rewarding compliance can foster a more willing and enthusiastic adherence to rules among children. 5. Should there be a law to limit working hours? Yes, instituting a law to limit working hours would be beneficial. In today’s fast-paced world, many individuals are prone to overworking, often at the expense of their personal and family life. A regulated work schedule would help maintain a balance between professional and personal time, reducing stress and preventing burnout. Moreover, it would allow individuals to engage in regular physical exercise and enjoy leisure activities, contributing to overall well-being. Vocabulary: Restrictive (adj): Imposing limits or constraints. Dissatisfaction (n): Unhappiness or discontent. Compelled (v): To be forced or driven to do something. Punctuality (n): The quality of being on time. Unauthorized (adj): Not having official permission. Framework (n): A basic structure underlying a system or concept. Deterr (n): Something that discourages or restrains. Consciousness (n): Awareness or knowledge of something. Compliance (n): Conforming to rules or standards. Punitive (adj): Intended to punish. Rules and Law: What international law should be applied all over the world? Thank you for the smart question. State laws and international laws are not the same due to their nature. The state laws are applied only within the border of a state while the international laws are applicable across the world. There are some common international laws that are shared around the globe but I think the Convention on the Rights of the Child by UN should be applied all over the world. According to the law, children should be taken cared to the highest extent, child labour should be removed from the countries and child repression should be prevented by the government. In many of the developed and underdeveloped countries, the children are the worst sufferers of different troubles and it appears that they are made the target to sustain the tortures. Moreover, child labour in hazardous industries and activities is another concerning issue and that hampers the mental and physical growth of the children. If the law is implemented everywhere, it is expected that the rate of child labour will be reduced and the global children will have a better living environment for them. Are policemen popular in your country? In France, policemen are quite popular. There are three different levels of police in France and as a result, protecting the law has become easier for the forces. Besides, the policemen are highly adored by the local citizens for their amicable behaves with them. Almost all of the police officers in France are honest and do not make troubles with the ordinary people unless they are performing something illegal. If someone is in need of police help, they just need to make a phone call and police will be there immediately for his or her help. The use of police force is different in the country. Most the time they deal with the crime. They try to prevent the crime under their jurisdiction. The three types of police have three different dress codes to distinguish them among their respective responsibilities .Who are more popular, the lawyers or the police? Well, this is a critical question to answer. The lawyers in the country are engaged in fighting on the court and sometimes they try to make the right into the wrong or the wrong into the right. So, people do not go to take help from the lawyers unless they are helpless. There are instances that the lawyers turn corrupted to protect their clients at any cost while it brings disasters to the innocent people. But when people move to the police to inform them any issues, they try to solve that without any delay and do not move to the court. Usually, dealing cases in courts is a bit troublesome for many of the citizens. The first thing is that it kills the time of the people and the process is a bit complex. So, when the lawyers have some clients, they try to make the issues more complex and consequently they are not preferred by the commoners as they prefer to have a deal with policemen. Why should we follow the rules strictly? Rules are usually made to be followed by the people of all strata. Rules are the ways that make us aware of our rights and responsibilities. Basically, the rules describe us what to do or what not to do or how to do. They contain the guidelines for any specific work or task. If there are no rules, people will start doing things in their own way which is highly dangerous. Take a simple example, to drive on the road; you need to follow traffic rules. If you drive by your sweet will, there are increased chances to have some accidents. You are avoiding the traffic rules and consequently, you are risking your life too. If a serious accident occurs for your reckless driving, it may cost your life as well. But if you follow the rules, the chances of road accidents get reduced to great extent. Thereby, I think it is clear why we need to follow the rules strictly in our day to day life. What can be done to motivate people so that they abide by the rules and law? Most of the people do not want to follow any rules or regulations in their daily life. It is natural that they will ignore the law. But the state is responsible for making them follow the rules. But if the government follows the strict measures to make the citizens follow the state rules that may result in negative effects and thus some promotional or motivational positive measures should be taken. The government may start some initiatives like rewarding the law abiding citizens with different titles like ‘Man of the Year’, or similar other events. On the other side, it appears to me that most of the times the rules are difficult for people to follow as those are complicated for them. So, during the rules making process, the government should try to keep the rules as much easier for the people as possible. If the rules are easier to follow and the government starts promoting people, I think it will inspire the people naturally to follow the rules.

Why do you think some people collect things from the past? I believe that people collect things from the past for various reasons. For some, it's about the usefulness or aesthetic beauty of the items. Collectibles often have great investment value, preserving their worth over the years and serving as assets that can be sold if cash is needed. Others collect out of personal interest, enjoying the process and finding it fun. Many also see collecting as a way to broaden their social lives, meeting like-minded individuals and exchanging information about their possessions. Have you noticed any differences between the kinds of things people collect now and those collected in the past? Yes, there are noticeable differences. Traditionally, people collected stamps, period furniture, rare books, and antique jewelry, as well as art by well-known artists. Nowadays, popular collectibles include classic cars, old photograph records, comic books, and bottles. How do you think collecting things benefits people? Collecting offers numerous benefits. It encourages continuous learning as people build their collections, developing skills in identifying, selecting, evaluating, and classifying items. They become more knowledgeable about the field their collection pertains to, gaining deeper insights and expertise. What sort of things do people in your country usually collect? People in my country collect a wide range of items. Some focus on small items like coins, miniatures, stamps, and jewelry, while others go for larger items like vehicles or buildings. Many are interested in collecting valuable items such as paintings and antiques or things from a specific period in the past. It's also common for people to collect items that belonged to famous individuals, like movie stars or scientists. Emotional value plays a significant role in collecting, as some items may have little or no monetary value but hold sentimental worth. How do people in your country usually collect things? Different collectibles are amassed in different ways. Some people buy items at auctions or antique shops. Others join clubs and exchange items with fellow collectors. There are even people who search junk shops looking for hidden treasures. Vocabulary with Meanings Aesthetic - Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. Investment value - The potential for an item to increase in worth over time. Amassed - Gathered or accumulated over time. Auction - A public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder. Antique - A collectible item that has high value because of its age and quality. Emotional value - The sentimental worth of an item to a person. Monetary value - The financial worth of an item. Period furniture - Furniture that was made during a particular time period and is often considered antique. Collectibles - Items that are worth collecting because they are rare or have high value. Junk shops - Stores that sell second-hand goods, often considered old or discarded by others. Stamps - Small pieces of paper with a design on them, used for mailing letters and collected for their historical and artistic value. Classifying - Arranging items into categories based on shared qualities or characteristics. Identifying - Recognizing and naming someone or something. Evaluating - Assessing the worth, significance, or quality of something. Selecting - Choosing items carefully from a group as being the best or most suitable. Rare books - Books that are uncommon and often valuable due to their age, condition, or historical significance. Classic cars - Vintage or antique cars that are often collected and restored for their historical and aesthetic value. Comic books - Magazines that contain a series of illustrations, typically telling a story. Photograph records - Old records, usually vinyl, that are collected for their historical and musical significance. Miniatures - Very small, detailed representations of larger objects, often collected for their craftsmanship and detail.

Do you think history can be learned in museums? Absolutely, I think museums are a fantastic way to learn about history. When you see real artifacts from hundreds or even thousands of years ago, it really brings history to life. It makes it more tangible, you know? Plus, if something piques your interest, you might be inspired to dig deeper and learn more about it in books or online. What is the effect of technology on history? Oh, technology has totally revolutionized how we learn about history. With the internet, everything is right at your fingertips. You can find out almost anything about the past in a matter of seconds. Plus, things like CGI and virtual reality can make historical events and places come alive, almost like you're stepping back in time. Many children these days don’t like museums. Why is that? I think many kids find museums a bit old-fashioned and rigid. In traditional museums, you're often just looking at displays but not allowed to touch or interact with them. Kids usually want to get hands-on and engage with their surroundings, so they might find museums a bit dull or frustrating. Why do you think people keep old objects? Well, people love holding onto memories. It's been that way forever. Keeping old objects helps remind them of the past or significant events. These items can evoke powerful memories and emotions. Some folks also like to show off their heritage or traditions. And then there are the collectors who just have a passion for old things. For many, the connection to these objects brings a deep sense of satisfaction and nostalgia. Why do people go to museums? Museums are like time machines—they take you back to different eras. They're filled with relics that tell stories about the past. People visit museums to learn about history in a very real and direct way. It's also a great way to spend your free time, especially if you're in a new place and want to learn about its history, culture, and customs. What are the benefits of going to museums? Visiting museums has a ton of benefits. First off, you get to learn about the history of a place and really get a solid understanding of it. It's a hands-on learning experience—you get to see things you might have only read about. For example, I had no clue about military weapons until I visited a military museum. It was eye-opening! Plus, you get to witness firsthand the events and artifacts from long ago, which is super interesting. Is it better to actually see things in a museum rather than just learn about them? Oh, for sure! Seeing things in person is a whole different ball game. Like when I visited that military museum, seeing the weapons up close was thrilling and really drove home what I had only read about. It's like the difference between hearing about a place and actually visiting it. Seeing is believing, as they say, and it gives you a much richer and complete understanding. Vocabulary with Meanings Artifact - A historical object made by humans, such as tools or decorations, especially one of cultural or historical interest. Tangible - Perceptible by touch; clear and definite; real. Pique (someone's interest) - To stimulate or arouse curiosity. Revolutionize - To completely change something so that it is much better. At your fingertips - Easily accessible or available. CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) - The use of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials, and simulators. Old-fashioned - Not modern; no longer fashionable. Rigid - Not flexible; strict or unchanging. Hands-on - Involving active participation; practical. Nostalgia - A sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. Time machine - Something that allows you to see or experience things from the past, often used metaphorically. Relic - An object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest. Eye-opening - Unexpectedly enlightening. Firsthand - Direct from experience or the original source; eyewitness.eir construction through time.

What kinds of things give status to people in your country? In our country, education, wealth, large houses, cars, fame, and career are some of the things that confer status. Other aspects include luxury gadgets, political power, expensive clothing, and publicity. However, the most prominent aspects are education, wealth, and possessions. For instance, people with higher education and knowledge naturally attain a status that others may not have. Similarly, wealth, cars, houses, branded clothing, and other material possessions often contribute to a person’s status. Fame and popularity also grant a unique type of status, unattainable by the general public. Additionally, jobs in important government sectors and political power, despite sometimes being controversial, are also symbols of status in my country. Have things changed since your parents’ time? Regarding societal status, there hasn’t been much change between my father’s generation and mine. The status symbols I mentioned earlier were prevalent in my parents’ time as well. While technological gadgets and new brands have emerged as modern status symbols, these can still be categorized under materialistic achievements, which were also valued in my parents' era. Do you think advertising influences what people buy? Yes, I believe advertising has a significant impact on people’s purchasing decisions. It is natural for people to prefer known brands over unfamiliar ones. People spend a considerable amount of time in front of their televisions or computers, and they are influenced by advertisements, both consciously and subconsciously. Some advertisements even entice us to purchase products we don’t actually need. What are the important qualities to achieve our ambitions? In my opinion, determination and hard work are the most crucial qualities for fulfilling our ambitions and goals. While luck can play a role, I believe that fortune favors those who are hardworking and strong-minded. Besides these, proper planning, timely execution, expertise, and experience are also essential qualities for achieving our life goals. Are all ambitions good in life? I think any positive ambition that brings happiness, success, prosperity, and well-being to others is good. However, ambitions driven by selfishness, greed, and materialistic desires are negative. In general, ambitions help us work harder and give meaning to life, so having positive ambitions is important. What type of ambition does the young generation in your country have? The young generation in our country typically aims for a prosperous career and economic freedom. Their ambitions also include becoming famous, achieving success and happiness in later life, and having a beautiful and loving life partner. Additionally, they aspire to explore the world and envision a future where violence and crime are eradicated. Would you focus more on achieving your ambition or doing things you love to do? For me, my ambitions align with what I love to do. I aim to live a life surrounded by my family, relatives, friends, and people I care about. My ambition is to set up my own business or pursue a job that interests me, which is both my dream and my passion. Vocabulary: Confers: Grants or bestows (a quality or characteristic). Prominent: Important or well-known. Materialistic: Excessively concerned with material possessions. Prevalent: Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time. Entice: Attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage. Determination: Firmness of purpose; resoluteness. Timely execution: Performing tasks in an appropriate or planned timeframe. Expertise: Expert skill or knowledge in a particular field. Prosperity: The state of being successful and having a lot of money. Greed: Intense and selfish desire for something, especially wealth or power. Envision: Imagine as a future possibility; visualize. Eradicated: Completely destroyed; put an end to.

Do you think health is important? Without a shadow of a doubt, health is absolutely crucial to the normal functions of the human body. Without good health, you are likely to feel lethargic all day, lacking the motivation to do or eat anything. In contrast, good health tends to make people feel optimistic, and their minds function more effectively. Good health truly works wonders in one’s life. Do you think there are differences between men and women when they keep fit? As far as I’m concerned, there are some distinctions. For instance, men often prefer physically demanding sports like lifting heavy weights at the gym or participating in team sports such as football or badminton. Women, on the other hand, may gravitate towards more solo physical activities like yoga or gentle morning jogs in the park. What do people do to keep fit? There is a wide variety of ways people can keep themselves in good shape. The most common methods include maintaining daily physical activity through jogging, push-ups, or workouts at the gym. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals and reducing the intake of red meat can also contribute to fitness. Do most young people have a healthy lifestyle? To be honest, many young people nowadays lead a health-damaging lifestyle due to the fast-paced nature of life and high levels of pressure. Workers often put in extra hours, while students burn the midnight oil revising for exams. As a result, they struggle to find time for a nutritious meal and often resort to take-away fast food. How do people get information about health in your country? There are various ways people in my country access health-related information. The most common is through the Internet, with many young people staying informed via social networking sites like Facebook or Instagram, where they follow health-related pages. Newspapers and magazines are also popular sources, with many people reading them to find useful health tips. Do you think sports can help people improve their health? Absolutely. Sporting activities are highly recommended for maintaining good health and improving fitness. Engaging in sports like football or basketball helps the body sweat profusely, which aids in weight loss and enhances blood circulation. Additionally, participating in sports can foster team spirit and expand one’s social circle. What kinds of food are unhealthy? In general, any type of food that is not homemade can pose certain health risks. Fast food is a common example, as it often contains high levels of fat and sugar, leading to problems like high cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. Restaurant food can also be risky; although it may look appealing and taste good, the quality is not always guaranteed. Ingredients may be of unclear origin, and some dishes may contain rotten meat that is well-reasoned and decorated to deceive customers. In a nutshell, don’t judge a book by its cover. What do schools and parents do to keep young people healthy? Schools can take several actions to improve students' health. For example, they can offer more extracurricular activities that involve physical tasks, such as training sessions, tree planting, or moving furniture. This way, children get more physical exercise while helping others. Parents should also focus on their children’s diets by avoiding excessive fatty foods and ensuring a balanced intake of nutrients and vitamins through more fruits and vegetables. Should young people play dangerous sports? I believe we should allow young people to make their own decisions. Extreme sports can offer significant benefits, such as boosting confidence and providing memorable experiences. Sports like bungee jumping or bull riding allow young people to test their limits and overcome their fears. However, authorities should ensure that safety standards are met, such as preventing individuals with heart conditions from participating and ensuring that equipment is up to standard to minimize the risk of accidents. Vocabulary: Lethargic: Feeling sluggish or lacking energy. Optimistic: Hopeful and confident about the future. Wonders: Significant positive effects or results. Distinctions: Differences or contrasts between similar things. Physically demanding: Requiring a lot of physical effort. Solo physical activities: Exercises or activities performed alone. Physical activity: Activities that involve physical movement. Health-damaging: Harmful to one’s health. Burn the midnight oil: To work late into the night. Take-away: Food that is prepared and purchased to be eaten elsewhere. Sweat profusely: To sweat a lot. Weight loss: Reduction in body weight. Blood circulation: The movement of blood through the body. Team spirit: A feeling of pride and loyalty among members of a team. Social circle: The group of people with whom one interacts. Rotten meat: Meat that has spoiled or gone bad. Well-reasoned: Thought out carefully and logically. Decorated: Made to look attractive, often to deceive. Don’t judge a book by its cover: Don’t judge something based solely on its appearance. Extracurricular activities: Activities outside of the regular academic curriculum. Fatty foods: Foods that contain high levels of fat. Nutrients: Substances that provide nourishment essential for growth and maintenance.

1. Do you generally read a lot of books or do you prefer watching TV? Why? Well, I must admit that I'm more of a bookworm than a couch potato. I find diving into a good book quite captivating, you know? It's like embarking on a journey without leaving the comfort of my own space. I guess I appreciate the escapism that books offer, allowing me to immerse myself in different worlds and perspectives. TV, on the other hand, tends to be a bit more passive for me. I mean, don't get me wrong, a good show can be entertaining, but books just have this magical way of sparking my imagination. 2. What kind of books are considered good reads in your opinion? I'm a sucker for novels that have a gripping storyline with well-developed characters. I mean, who doesn't love a page-turner, right? I'm also into books that shed light on different cultures or explore thought-provoking themes. You know, the ones that make you reflect on life and maybe even teach you a thing or two. I'd say a good read is like a rollercoaster of emotions – it takes you on a ride, and you come out feeling a mix of satisfaction and contemplation. 3. Do you think that people read nowadays as they did in the past? Oh, it's definitely a different ballgame nowadays. Back in the day, folks might have been more inclined to curl up with a physical book, but now, with the hustle and bustle of modern life, people often turn to digital platforms for their literary fix. It's like the whole reading landscape has shifted. With e-books and audiobooks gaining popularity, it's all about convenience and multitasking. I reckon people still read, but the medium has evolved to suit our fast-paced lifestyles. 4. Do you regard famous writers as good role models? Absolutely! I mean, think about it – these wordsmiths have a way with language that's downright inspiring. They've poured their hearts and souls into crafting stories that resonate with people from all walks of life. It's not just about the writing prowess; it's about perseverance, creativity, and the ability to connect with others through words. If that's not a recipe for a good role model, I don't know what is. 5. If a movie is based on a book, would you prefer to read the book or to watch the film? Why? I'm more inclined to grab the book before hitting the cinema. There's something special about experiencing the story in its original form – the author's words on the page. Don't get me wrong, I love a good movie adaptation, but sometimes the depth and nuances of the narrative can get lost in translation. Plus, reading the book first allows me to create my own mental images and immerse myself in the world the author envisioned. It's like savoring the appetizer before the main course. 6. How does our reading habit change as we grow up? Why does it happen? Well, it's like our reading tastes mature along with us, you know? As kids, we might be all about fantastical adventures and whimsical tales, but as we grow older, we start craving more depth and complexity in our reads. It's a natural evolution. I think it happens because life experiences shape our perspectives, and we seek out literature that resonates with our evolving understanding of the world. It's like a literary coming-of-age story – our reading habits grow alongside us, reflecting the journey of self-discovery. 7. Do people read more nowadays? Reading can be seen a part of modern culture and has become easier than ever thanks to the advent of technology. If books and specialized documents were only available for scholars and those with high social status in the past, anyone with curiosity and burning desire to learn can now get access to such materials easily. People can read not only from printed materials such as newspaper or magazines but digital ones like eReaders or online. Scholar (n): a person who knows a lot about a particular subject because they have studied it in detail Social status (n): a person's standing or importance in relation to other people within a society Curiosity (n): a strong desire to know about something Get access to: to get the right to see 8. Do you read before going to bed? I don’t have a habit of reading before going to sleep but in the morning instead. I am an early riser, which spares me lots of time to schedule my day, starting with reading. Normally, I often exercise first, make myself breakfast before grabbing my unfinished book. I don’t have a study room in my apartment so the balcony is my favorite place to read. There’s nothing I rather do than sipping a cup of coffee and immersing myself in a good book for hours. Early riser (n): a person who usually gets out of bed early in the morning Spare (v): to make something such as time or money available to somebody or for something Schedule (v): to arrange for something to happen at a particular time Immerse (v): to become or make somebody completely involved in something 9.What’s the difference between films and books? I presume it’s not only me but the vast majority of avid readers are left unsatisfied, or more honestly, disappointed when books are adapted into movies since its lack of persuasion and significant details. Original books are always more in-depth with consecutive plot line, which makes them more fulfilling and convincing. Movies, on the other hand, tend to focus more on visual and sound effects that they fail to deliver the true message of the story. Hence, most people who have read the story find its film adaptation unappealing. Unsatisfied (a): not having got what you hoped; not having had enough of something Adapt (v): to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film/movie, television programme, etc. Persuasion (n): the act of persuading somebody to do something or to believe something In-depth (a): very thorough and detailed Consecutive (a): following one after another in a series, without interruption Film adaptation (n): a movie based on a book Unappealing (a): not attractive or pleasant 10. How will ebooks affect paper books? Ebooks are the advancements of modern technology and have rapidly becoming popular among readers, especially those who constantly commute. You can store hundreds of ebooks in your cellphone or eReader and read anywhere you happen to be, which is probably one of the best advantages ebooks have over paper ones. However, with those who prefer the smell of printed papers and the weight of an actual book on their hands like me, nothing can replace printed materials, not even ebooks. Advancement (n): the process of helping something to make progress or succeed; the progress that is made Commute (v): to travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc. between your place of work and your home Have an advantage over something: be in a superior position to something 11. How often do people in your country read novels? Personally speaking, I’m not a fan of novel but from my observations, only the teenagers have time to read novels. I guess for others, they have to spend time on working and studying but as far as teenage girls are concerned, I have to say that they read a great deal. 25.5.  What kinds of books that old people like to read? Since I’m not an elderly person, what I’m going to say is just guesswork but old people are really into novels which tell about the daily lives of ordinary citizens or those books which give them the chance to reflect on their life. This is because, they are at an age where spiritual well-being is of more importance, and many old citizens would choose books containing some philosophy or moral lessons to read. The reason I feel this way is they can not only can while away the time, they can also improve their personality and pass the experience they read onto their grandchildren. 12. Does reading books become a less common activity because of ebooks? I strongly disagree with this view. Although the advent of the internet gives us a wide array of options when it comes to reading, like we can read ebooks on our laptop or Ipad, nothing can compare to the experience of holding a book in your own hands, and read it from cover to cover. Another point is that you can jump to the page you want to read by turning your fingers and browsing for the desired contents with your eyes, which is much more convenient and user-friendly than having to use a computer screen or a mouse to do the job. 13. What benefits do young people get from reading? As far as I can tell, reading brings people a wide range of benefits. Firstly, I’d put it down to the fact that you can broaden your horizons and improve your outlook on life. The thing is the more you read, the more knowledge you acquire regarding the world around, and this helps you learn to accept and tolerate differences in life. The second point worth mentioning is reading can be an entertaining activity as well. Comic books are a prime example, which gives you a good time through the witty comments and funny drawings as well as a suspenseful storyline.

1. Which do you think are better, old things or new things? If I had to choose, I would lean towards old things, particularly antiques. My fascination with antique objects stems from my desire to understand the history and stories behind each piece. Additionally, antiques often hold significant monetary value, making them worthwhile investments. For instance, I once sold my stamp collection for over $150 to a cousin. This blend of historical significance and financial value makes old things particularly appealing to me. 2. Do people in your country prefer traditional or modern styles of furniture? Preferences for furniture styles in my country vary greatly depending on individual tastes and family traditions. However, it's apparent that many younger couples gravitate towards modern furniture. This trend aligns with a broader inclination towards contemporary and foreign styles among younger generations. Conversely, I personally appreciate traditional furniture for its beauty and craftsmanship, often finding that older pieces are constructed with superior quality compared to many modern counterparts. 3. Have there been any recent changes in the kinds of furniture that people in your country use? Yes, recent years have seen a significant shift influenced by globalization. As foreign styles have permeated our market, many people now opt for modern, often international designs. While some still appreciate traditional furniture for its quality and aesthetic, the predominant trend leans towards contemporary styles, particularly among those with the financial means to afford high-quality modern pieces. 4. What factors should a furniture designer consider when designing a piece of furniture? A furniture designer must first consider the intended use of the piece. The functionality of the furniture should align with its purpose, whether it's for comfort, storage, or aesthetics. Additionally, understanding the target market is crucial as it dictates the cost and materials used. The designer’s choice of materials will be influenced by the budget and the desired durability and style of the final product. 5. What are the qualities of a good furniture designer? A good furniture designer should possess a blend of artistic creativity and practical sensibility. Artistic talent is essential for creating visually appealing designs, while practicality ensures that the furniture is functional and durable. Furthermore, a designer must be aware of market trends and consumer needs. Some designers focus solely on creating art pieces, which may not always be commercially viable, but the best designers balance artistic vision with practical considerations to meet both aesthetic and functional demands. Vocabulary: Antique (adj/n): An old object valued for its historical significance or beauty. Monetary value (n): The financial worth of an item. Fascination (n): Intense interest or attraction. Gravitate (v): To be attracted to or drawn towards something. Craftsmanship (n): The skill involved in making something by hand. Globalization (n): The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Contemporary (adj): Modern and up-to-date. Functionality (n): The quality of being suited to serve a purpose well. Durability (n): The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage.

Why do so many people like going to places with water such as lakes, rivers, or the ocean? There’s a certain allure to places with water that captivates many. Lakes, rivers, and oceans often offer a serene and rejuvenating environment, away from the relentless pace of city life. The lush greenery and tranquil surroundings provide a perfect escape for individuals seeking a break from their daily grind. Additionally, these water bodies serve as a playground for a variety of recreational activities. Whether it's taking a leisurely swim, basking in the sun, or simply enjoying the gentle lapping of waves, these activities enhance the appeal of such locales. What kinds of leisure activities do people like to do in places such as on the ocean, at a beach, at a river, at a lake, etc.? There’s a plethora of activities to indulge in at these scenic spots. On the ocean, people often enjoy sailing or snorkeling, immersing themselves in the vibrant marine life. At beaches, sunbathing, beach volleyball, and constructing elaborate sandcastles are popular pastimes. Lakes and rivers offer tranquil experiences like fishing, picnicking by the shore, or simply taking a peaceful rowboat ride. These activities not only provide enjoyment but also a sense of relaxation and connection with nature. As a place to spend some leisure time, do you think the beach or the seaside is more suitable for children or for old people? When it comes to beaches or seaside destinations, children tend to reap more benefits than the elderly. The young are full of energy and enthusiasm, thriving on activities like swimming, playing in the sand, or exploring tide pools. In contrast, older individuals might find such places less accommodating for their more sedentary lifestyles. They might prefer a quieter spot to relax, perhaps enjoying the view or engaging in less physically demanding activities like reading or knitting. Do you think children and old people do the same types of things when they go to a beach? There’s quite a stark contrast in the activities pursued by children and the elderly at the beach. Children are typically drawn to high-energy activities like surfing, playing beach games, or building sandcastles, immersing themselves fully in the fun. On the other hand, older adults often engage in more leisurely pursuits. They might bring along a good book, prepare snacks, or catch up with loved ones, valuing the beach as a serene backdrop rather than a site for physical exertion. Vocabulary: Allure (n): Attraction or charm. Serene (adj): Calm and peaceful. Rejuvenating (adj): Restoring energy or vitality. Relentless (adj): Unstoppable or unyielding. Tranquil (adj): Quiet and peaceful. Playground (n): An area or environment conducive to certain activities. Indulge (v): To enjoy to excess. Plethora (n): An excessive amount or variety. Sedentary (adj): Involving little physical activity. Stark (adj): Clear and distinct. Immersing (v): Engaging deeply in an activity.

1. What are the differences between street markets and supermarkets? The distinctions between street markets and supermarkets are quite pronounced. At street markets, prices are generally more affordable, and shoppers often have the opportunity to haggle for a better deal, which adds a personal touch to the shopping experience. Conversely, supermarkets operate with fixed prices, and the shopping environment is typically more controlled and comfortable. Supermarkets offer climate control, which means you can shop in a cool, air-conditioned space, unlike the often harsh weather conditions at street markets. This makes the experience far more pleasant, especially during extreme temperatures. 2. Why are many supermarkets built in the city center and some in the suburbs? Supermarkets are strategically located in city centers due to the high population density and the corresponding demand for convenience. In urban areas, where people lead busy lives, having easily accessible shopping options is crucial. On the other hand, suburbs have a lower population density, so fewer supermarkets are needed. This differential distribution ensures that resources are allocated efficiently, meeting the varying needs of different populations. 3. In your country, what is the most common thing people buy? Currently, smartphones are among the most sought-after items in my country. The latest models, such as the newest iPhone, generate considerable excitement and demand. This trend reflects a growing inclination towards digital technology and the integration of smartphones into daily life. The intense desire to own the latest technology underscores our society's shift towards a more virtual and interconnected lifestyle. 4. How often do people in your country go shopping? Shopping frequency varies, but many people indulge in shopping activities at least once or twice a week. For women, shopping for clothes and accessories is a common pastime. Additionally, those with busy schedules often turn to online platforms during the week and reserve weekends for in-store shopping. This balance allows people to stay updated with trends while managing their time efficiently. 5. What kinds of places are popular for shopping in your country? In my country, shopping preferences are split between physical retail stores and online platforms. Supermarkets and shopping malls are popular for their extensive range of products and the opportunity to try items before purchasing. Online shopping, however, appeals due to its convenience, variety, and the ability to compare prices across different retailers from the comfort of one’s home. Both options cater to different needs and preferences, ensuring a comprehensive shopping experience. 6. Do you think online shopping will replace shopping in reality? While online shopping is undoubtedly growing in popularity, it is unlikely to completely replace traditional shopping. Physical stores offer a tactile experience where customers can see, touch, and try products firsthand. Moreover, the social aspect of shopping, such as interacting with store staff and enjoying a day out, adds value that online shopping cannot replicate. Thus, both methods will likely coexist, each serving different consumer needs and preferences. Vocabulary: Pronounced (adj): Clearly noticeable or distinct. Haggle (v): To argue persistently over the price of something. Climate control (n): Systems used to regulate the temperature and air quality within a space. Strategically (adv): In a way that is planned to achieve a specific goal. Population density (n): The number of people living per unit of area. Differential (adj): Showing or relating to differences. Sought-after (adj): Wanted by many people. Inclination (n): A tendency or preference. Underscore (v): To emphasize or highlight. Indulge (v): To allow oneself to enjoy something. Pastime (n): An activity that someone does regularly for enjoyment. Balance (n): A state of equilibrium between different aspects. Split (v): To divide into parts or categories. Extensive (adj): Covering a large area or amount. Comprehensive (adj): Including all or nearly all elements or aspects. Tactile (adj): Related to the sense of touch. Replicate (v): To make an exact copy of something. Coexist (v): To exist together at the same time or in the same place.

What was your impression of your childhood? The memories of childhood are truly cherished. I vividly recall clinging to my mother, begging her to sing nursery rhymes to me; I remember how I was overcome with tears on my first day at school; and I can’t forget the big red flower my teacher gave me. Childhood is a time free from pressure, competition, and pretense. To me, it represents the most unblemished period of life, one that we can never experience again, and it remains the most delightful chapter of my life. What kinds of tips do you use to keep things in mind? What can people do to prevent poor memory? To keep track of important tasks, I often leverage smartphone apps and develop a habit of meticulous note-taking. Additionally, relying on friends and family to remind me of key dates, such as upcoming exams or interviews, has proven to be invaluable. This method, which I frequently employ, helps ensure that I stay organized and on top of my responsibilities. How would you define happiness? The concept of happiness is a perennial enigma that has eluded a definitive answer for centuries. For me, happiness isn’t about experiencing constant pleasure or wealth. Rather, it’s a blend of contentment with my life and daily moments of joy. Happiness can be found in the simple pleasures, like waking up to a delicious breakfast prepared by my mom or receiving a heartfelt good morning message from a loved one. What do you do when you feel unhappy? When I’m feeling down, I prefer to be alone, as I believe it’s better for both myself and those around me. During these low periods, I often turn to the Holy Bible and prayer to help me find solace and release negative thoughts. Alternatively, when I’m more inclined to socialize, I reach out to friends for a chat, or we might go out for a walk. Taking a deep breath and enjoying some sightseeing also helps to lift my spirits. Why do children tend to be happier than adults? Children often seem happier than adults primarily because they are more emotionally expressive and less burdened by the complexities of adult life. Their thoughts are straightforward and innocent, allowing them to embrace experiences without the weight of over-analysis. Additionally, they are not encumbered by work-related stress or existential worries. Their carefree attitude and ability to live in the moment contribute to their generally happier disposition. What was your favorite childhood activity and why? My favorite childhood activity was climbing trees in the local park. It wasn’t just about the thrill of scaling heights but also about the sense of adventure and freedom. Being up in the branches gave me a unique perspective of the world below, and it was a place where I could let my imagination run wild. Plus, it was a fantastic way to bond with friends and create lasting memories. How did your family influence your childhood? My family played a pivotal role in shaping my childhood. My parents instilled in me a love for reading by always encouraging me to explore different genres of books. They also provided a nurturing environment where creativity was celebrated. For instance, my father would often help me with science experiments, which sparked my curiosity and interest in learning. Their support and guidance were fundamental in fostering my personal growth during those formative years. What role did friends play in your childhood? Friends were essential to my childhood experience. They were my companions in adventure, from playing games in the neighborhood to exploring new hobbies. Friendship during childhood is crucial as it teaches us social skills, teamwork, and empathy. The laughter, shared secrets, and collaborative play were not only fun but also contributed significantly to my emotional development and sense of belonging. Did you have any childhood heroes or role models? Absolutely, my childhood hero was my grandfather. He was a man of incredible wisdom and kindness. His stories of his own adventures and his approach to problem-solving left a lasting impression on me. He taught me the value of perseverance and integrity, which have guided me throughout my life. His influence was instrumental in shaping my character and aspirations. How did your school life impact your childhood? School life was a significant part of my childhood, shaping my academic and social skills. I remember feeling a mix of excitement and nervousness at the start of each school year. The interactions with teachers and classmates helped develop my communication skills and confidence. It was also a place where I discovered my interests and talents, from participating in school plays to joining the science club, which contributed greatly to my personal development. What is the most memorable lesson you learned in your childhood? One of the most memorable lessons from my childhood was learning the importance of resilience. I vividly recall a time when I struggled with a challenging school project and felt on the verge of giving up. However, with encouragement from my parents and teachers, I persevered and completed the project. This experience taught me that setbacks are a natural part of life and that persistence is key to overcoming obstacles and achieving success. Vocabulary: Cherished: Valued highly. Overcome with tears: Crying profusely. Free from pressure, competition, and pretense: Unaffected by societal pressures, competitive environments, or false appearances. Unblemished: Pure, without flaws. Delightful: Highly pleasing. Leverage: Make use of. Meticulous note-taking: Detailed and careful recording of information. Organized: Arranged systematically. Perennial enigma: A mystery that has lasted a long time. Contentment: Satisfaction with one's situation. Simple pleasures: Small, uncomplicated joys. Heartfelt: Sincere and deeply felt. Low periods: Times of sadness or depression. Solace: Comfort or consolation. Socialize: Engage in social activities. Sightseeing: Visiting places of interest. Emotionally expressive: Openly showing feelings. Burdened: Weighed down by difficulties. Embrace: Accept or welcome enthusiastically. Existential: Relating to existence or the meaning of life. Live in the moment: Focus on the present experience without worrying about the past or future.

Are there many public gardens in your country? To be honest, public gardens are quite scarce in my country, particularly in large towns and cities where residential areas dominate the landscape. Authorities seem to prioritize economic growth over the provision of green spaces for citizens' enjoyment and relaxation. For instance, in Madrid, the number of public gardens is limited, with a plethora of high-rise buildings taking precedence. Do you think there are enough public gardens in your hometown? I believe the number of public gardens in my hometown is insufficient. The shortage of housing and the increasing population pressure result in land being used primarily for residential and agricultural purposes rather than for public areas like gardens or parks. What do you think are the benefits of having gardens in the city? Urban green spaces offer numerous ecological and health benefits for the city and its inhabitants. Ecologically, public gardens help preserve diverse plant species and maintain the ecological balance. Health-wise, they provide city dwellers with a natural environment that can reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Moreover, they serve as recreational areas where people can enjoy outdoor activities. Very often, public gardens are not designed in a simple way but, instead, are laid out in a rather complex way. Why do you think this is the case? Public gardens designed with intricate layouts are visually appealing and attract more visitors. Gardens featuring sculptures, rare plant species, and unique landscaping create a more engaging and memorable experience. This complexity can draw parallels to architectural designs that captivate the public’s attention and admiration. Do you think governments should provide more public gardens for people to visit? Absolutely, governments and local authorities should definitely invest in more public gardens. These green spaces are not only places of enjoyment but also serve educational purposes. They can help raise awareness about environmental issues and conservation, especially among children. Additionally, they offer vital recreational spaces where people can relax, socialize, and reconnect with nature. What do people do when they go to a public garden? People visit public gardens for various reasons, but primarily to find peace and tranquility amid the hustle and bustle of city life. Gardens offer a serene environment where residents can relax, appreciate nature, and enjoy the beauty of flowers and birdsong. They are also ideal for students to read, reflect, and gain a deeper connection with nature. How do people of different age groups use public gardens? Different age groups utilize public gardens in diverse ways. Elderly people often go there to relax, jog, or practice exercises like tai chi. In contrast, children and their parents frequent gardens with play areas where they can safely enjoy outdoor activities. Young adults might use gardens as peaceful places to study, read, or socialize with friends. How should people behave in public places? People should adhere to a respectful code of conduct and behave politely in public spaces. This includes speaking softly, avoiding conflicts, and following the rules and regulations of the area they are visiting. For example, in parks, visitors should heed signs that advise against picking flowers or stepping on the grass. Such behavior reflects well-mannered citizenship. Where do people like to visit on weekends? On weekends, people often visit places like coffee shops to catch up with friends and enjoy a relaxing atmosphere. Coffee shops provide a perfect setting for long conversations over a cup of coffee or milk tea. Cinemas are also popular, especially among teens who gather to watch the latest blockbusters and enjoy a meal together at the cinema complex. What city facilities can be used for leisure and entertainment? Cities offer numerous facilities for leisure and entertainment. Cinemas are a favorite among youths, providing a perfect spot to enjoy movies and popcorn with friends. Theme parks are also noteworthy, offering a variety of activities for all age groups. Attractions like roller coasters and swings help people unwind and relieve stress. Do young people and old people go to different places for entertainment? Typically, different age groups have varying preferences for entertainment. Young people are drawn to vibrant spots with lots of activities, whereas older individuals prefer tranquil and serene locations. However, it’s not uncommon to see older people accompanying their children or grandchildren to places they might not prefer, simply to ensure the younger ones have a good time. General Vocabulary Scarce: Limited in quantity; not enough. Dominates: Controls or has a lot of influence over something. Prioritize: To treat something as more important than other things. Provision: The action of providing or supplying something. Citizens' enjoyment and relaxation: The pleasure and leisure activities of the residents. Precedence: The condition of being considered more important than someone or something else. Insufficient: Not enough; inadequate. Population pressure: The stress on resources and infrastructure caused by an increasing number of people. Ecological: Relating to the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Well-being: The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy. Recreational areas: Spaces designated for leisure activities. Visually appealing: Attractive to look at. Intricate layouts: Complex designs. Engaging and memorable experience: An experience that is interesting and easy to remember. Invest: To spend money or time on something to achieve a goal. Awareness: Knowledge or perception of a situation or fact. Vital recreational spaces: Essential areas for leisure activities. Reconnect with nature: To re-establish a connection with the natural environment. Serene environment: A calm and peaceful atmosphere. Reflect: To think deeply or carefully about something. Diverse ways: Different methods or manners. Tranquility: The quality or state of being calm and peaceful. Hustle and bustle: Busy and noisy activity. Reconnect: To re-establish a connection. Heart-to-heart talks: Honest and open conversations. Conduct: Behavior. Well-mannered citizenship: Behaving in a polite and respectful way as a citizen. Catch up: To talk to someone you have not seen for a while and find out what they have been doing. Relaxing atmosphere: A place that helps you feel calm and at ease. Blockbusters: Very successful and popular films. Attractions: Interesting or enjoyable places or activities. Unwind: To relax after a period of work or tension. Vibrant spots: Lively and exciting places. Serene locations: Calm and peaceful places. Accompanying: Going somewhere with someone. Specific Vocabulary for Public Gardens Urban green spaces: Areas of vegetation in cities. Ecological balance: The state of equilibrium between living organisms and their environment. City dwellers: People who live in a city. Factory workers: People who work in industrial settings. Eye-catching: Immediately noticeable because it is very attractive. Sculptures: Three-dimensional works of art made by shaping or combining materials. Landscaping: The process of making a piece of land more attractive by altering the existing design, adding ornamental features, and planting trees and shrubs. Rare species of plants: Uncommon or endangered types of plants. Appealing to visitors: Attractive or interesting to people who visit. Architects: People who design buildings. Educational purposes: Activities or items that are intended to educate or inform. Outdoor classrooms: Learning environments located outside traditional indoor settings. Environmental issues: Problems related to the natural environment. Conservation: The protection and preservation of natural resources. Leisure and recreation: Activities done for enjoyment and relaxation. Frenzy and chaos: A state of wild activity and disorder. Songs of the birds: The natural sounds made by birds. Strolling: Walking in a leisurely manner. Acquire knowledge: To gain understanding or information. Preferences: Things that people like or prefer over others. Tai chi: A Chinese martial art practiced for both its defense training and its health benefits. Play areas: Designated spaces where children can play. Peace in their mind: A state of mental calm and tranquility. Specific Vocabulary for Leisure and Entertainment Catching up on gossip: Sharing the latest news or rumors with friends. Romantic or peaceful setting: A place that has a calm or loving atmosphere. Soft spot: A fondness or affection for something. Intimate buddies: Close friends. Popcorn: A popular snack often eaten at the cinema. Roller coaster: A type of amusement ride that is thrilling and exciting. Swinging: An activity in amusement parks where people sit on a swing and move back and forth. Theme parks: Large outdoor areas with rides, games, and other entertainment based on a particular theme. Accessible infrastructures: Facilities and structures that are easy to reach and use. Stress relief: The reduction or removal of stress. Vibrant spots: Places that are lively and full of activity. Generation gap: The differences in attitudes and behaviors between older and younger generations. Preferences: Choices or things that people like. Tranquil and serene places: Locations that are calm and peaceful. Generation gap: Differences in opinions or behavior between people of different ages. Taste: Personal preferences or likes.