Why do letters contain more emotions? It’s quite evident that when someone sits down to compose a handwritten letter, they are often doing so with a great deal of patience and emotion. The emotions of the writer can be conveyed through the choice of words and the tone used. It’s a unique form of communication where the reader can almost hear the writer’s voice and feel their sentiment. There’s something profoundly touching about receiving a letter from a loved one; it’s a deeply personal experience that can bring tears to your eyes the moment you start reading it. Do you think emails are useful? Absolutely. Emails have revolutionized the way we communicate, offering a cost-effective and instantaneous method to send messages across the globe. In a business context, they are indispensable for formal and informal communications alike. Personally, I rely heavily on emails to stay in touch with friends and family abroad, and it’s an incredibly efficient way to maintain those connections. Do you think it is a good thing that some companies send out spam emails for the purpose of advertising? While spam emails can be a nuisance, they’re relatively harmless and easy to delete. Occasionally, these unsolicited emails might contain information about a product or service that is actually relevant or of interest. So, in that sense, one man’s trash is another man’s treasure. Do you think email might one day replace handwritten letters? Emails have certainly taken over many of the functions that handwritten letters used to serve, but I don’t believe they will ever completely replace them. Handwritten letters carry a certain sentimental value that emails lack. Additionally, for highly sensitive information, handwritten letters provide a level of security that emails can’t match due to the risk of being intercepted by hackers. Therefore, I think handwritten letters will continue to hold their place in our lives for the foreseeable future. Who do you usually write to and what do you write about? I frequently write to my family and close friends. Our correspondence ranges from catching up on each other's lives to sharing our innermost thoughts and feelings. These letters often serve as a medium for heart-to-heart conversations that strengthen our bonds. What do you think is the most difficult kind of letter to write? Writing business or formal letters is particularly challenging for me. Crafting the right tone and wording to convey professionalism while still being clear and concise can be quite daunting. Moreover, writing a rejection letter, whether in a business context or personal one, is incredibly difficult. It's a fine balance between being honest and sparing the recipient's feelings. What are the differences between handwritten letters and emails? Handwritten letters are often viewed as more personal and heartfelt, reflecting the time and effort the writer has invested. In contrast, emails, while incredibly convenient, can sometimes come off as impersonal. The physical act of writing a letter can add a layer of sincerity that digital communication lacks. What kinds of letters or emails do you think are the hardest to write? Emails to professors or any figures of authority are the hardest for me. The pressure to use the correct level of formality and to ensure the email is respectful and well-crafted can be quite nerve-wracking. Conversely, writing to friends is much easier and more relaxed, allowing for a more natural flow of conversation. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Bring tears to your eyes: To make someone cry, often due to strong emotion. Cost-effective and instantaneous: Economical and immediate. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure: What is useless to one person might be valuable to another. Sentimental value: Emotional significance. Catching up on each other's lives: Updating each other about personal events and experiences.

Do businessmen have to keep working hard even if they are already successful? Absolutely, success is the result of a relentless process of trying, which means that people should persist in their efforts even when they have attained a certain degree of success. It's not advisable to rest on one's laurels as this can make you lose motivation to make further headway in your business. With a forward-looking mind, it's possible to achieve greater successes than you can even imagine. What kinds of businesses are popular in this city? In my city, beauty salons and small coffee shops are quite popular. This can be attributed to the fact that most girls or women strive to look their best and consider spending money on beautifying themselves as essential. Similarly, youths tend to hang out with their friends for some casual chit-chat, which means many cafes are doing well recently. Small restaurants that can accommodate no more than ten people are also popular as many people stop by for a snack or drink when they have time or feel hungry. Why do businesspeople need creativity? Creativity is a must-have skill for a successful career, especially in business. The ability to come up with new plans to penetrate the market and predict potential risks involved in running a business gives businesspeople a higher chance of success. For example, if you own a coffee shop, you need to offer new types of drinks to cater to the individual needs of customers. Without a creative mind, sticking to the old menu will make customers dissatisfied and they will seek other coffee shops for a better experience. What qualities are needed to be successful in business? In my opinion, knowledge and soft skills are essential. Firstly, understanding business law, marketing, and accounting is crucial as they form the basic structure of a company. Knowing the legalities of running a business, strategizing marketing plans, and having a basic knowledge of accounting to estimate profits or losses are fundamental. Additionally, soft skills like communication, leadership, and problem-solving are indispensable for navigating the business world. Do businessmen have to work long hours? Indeed, most businessmen are up to their ears in work and have little time to let their hair down. They spend their days writing emails to business partners, dealing with customers, and handling phone calls. In some corporate cultures, such as in Japan, staff often work longer than the standard 8 hours, staying late to finish their workload. So, a businessman’s life is not as relaxing as some might imagine. How do businesspeople relax? Like anyone else, when they are off work, businesspeople might lie down on the sofa for a short rest or take a warm shower to relieve stress. At the workplace, they might gather with colleagues for casual talks to reduce stress, take breaks from the computer screen to relax their eyes, and stretch their arms and legs to ease tense muscles. When do people in your country retire? To the best of my knowledge, the retirement age in my country is 65 for males, though I'm not certain about the age for females. Recently, the state has even increased the minimum retirement age, as citizens are needed to contribute more to the country. Ultimately, it depends on the quality of the labor force of a country. What are the differences between being a boss and working for others? They are worlds apart. Working for others typically means less pressure and a shared responsibility among colleagues, which can provide support during difficult times. However, the motivation might not be as strong, and some people eventually lose interest in their work. On the other hand, being a boss requires comprehensive abilities such as leadership and organizational skills, and you are solely responsible for the success or failure of your business. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Relentless process of trying: Continuous and persistent effort. Rest on one's laurels: To be satisfied with past achievements and stop putting in effort. Forward-looking mind: A mindset focused on future possibilities and improvements. Casual chit-chat: Informal and light conversation. Must-have: Essential or indispensable. Creative mind: The ability to think of new and innovative ideas. Up to their ears in work: Very busy with a lot of work to do. Let their hair down: Relax and enjoy oneself. Lie down on the sofa: Rest by lying on a couch. Worlds apart: Very different from each other. Comprehensive abilities: A wide range of skills and capabilities.

How do grandparents educate their grandchildren in your country? In my country, grandparents play a vital role in passing down wisdom by sharing stories from their past. They often dish out life lessons and values through these tales, teaching kids how to behave in various social settings. Moreover, they tend to be great listeners, always lending an ear to their grandchildren’s highs and lows, which fosters a deep bond and mutual respect. Why do people nowadays spend less time with family? These days, people are often caught up in the rat race, leaving little room for family time. The fast-paced lifestyle and work commitments drain their energy, making them crave some alone time to recharge. Additionally, the generation gap can create a disconnect, leading to fewer meaningful interactions among family members. What are the benefits of spending time with family? Spending quality time with family is like a breath of fresh air. It strengthens bonds, provides a safety net of emotional support, and creates cherished memories. Being with family also instills a sense of belonging and security, which is crucial for mental health and overall well-being. How has family life changed over the years? Family life has taken quite a turn over the years. With the hustle and bustle of modern life, people often prioritize careers and personal space, leading to smaller, nuclear families instead of the extended family setups that were common in the past. This shift has changed the dynamics and roles within families significantly. What role do parents play in their children's education? Parents are the bedrock of their children's education. They guide, support, and encourage their kids, helping with homework and fostering a love for learning. By setting a good example, parents instill positive behaviors and attitudes that contribute to their children’s success both academically and personally. How important is it for children to have a good relationship with their grandparents? A solid relationship with grandparents is worth its weight in gold. It provides children with extra emotional support, diverse perspectives, and a rich sense of family history. This bond also helps kids learn respect and gain valuable wisdom from the older generation. What challenges do modern families face? Modern families are juggling quite a few balls, like balancing work and family life, managing financial pressures, and dealing with the impact of technology on communication. These challenges can strain relationships and affect how families interact and support each other. How do cultural differences affect family life? Cultural differences can be the spice of life in family dynamics, shaping traditions, values, and roles within the household. These differences can lead to diverse practices and expectations, influencing how family members relate to and support one another. What activities can families do together to strengthen their bond? To keep the family ties strong, engaging in activities like shared meals, family outings, game nights, and collaborative projects works wonders. These activities encourage communication, teamwork, and shared enjoyment, making the family unit more cohesive. How can technology impact family relationships? Technology is a double-edged sword when it comes to family relationships. On the one hand, it keeps families connected, especially when they’re miles apart. On the flip side, excessive use of gadgets can reduce face-to-face interaction, leading to feelings of isolation and neglect. Vocabulary Dish out (idiom): To give or share something. Lend an ear (idiom): To listen to someone with sympathy. Caught up in the rat race (idiom): Being extremely busy with work and other activities. Breath of fresh air (idiom): A welcome change. Hustle and bustle (idiom): Busy and noisy activity. Bedrock (noun): The fundamental principles on which something is based. Worth its weight in gold (idiom): Extremely valuable or beneficial. Juggling quite a few balls (idiom): Managing many tasks or responsibilities. Double-edged sword (idiom): Something that has both good and bad effects. Cohesive (adjective): Forming a united whole.

What are the biggest problems that people living in cities are facing? Urban overdevelopment brings two significant issues. First, young people are battling to secure jobs due to intense competition in the labor market. Some fresh graduates end up stuck in a rut, remaining unemployed for years or settling for jobs unrelated to their studies just to make ends meet. Secondly, the influx of rural migrants often places a heavy burden on the financial resources of youths and the existing urban infrastructure, leading to a decline in living standards. For example, young city-dwellers from disadvantaged families might struggle to afford proper meals and basic accommodation. For most people, what is an ideal house? If people had their druthers, they’d likely choose a standalone house over an apartment. They’d also prefer a property with a garden where they could have flowers, trees, and even grow vegetables. Additionally, they’d want a spacious home that could accommodate family members or provide a comfortable place for guests to stay. What kinds of homes do most people in your country live in? Most people live in bungalows, but there's a noticeable shift as young people are increasingly taking out mortgages for rented apartments. This trend reflects a desire for independence and a break from living under parental care. How are modern homes different from older homes? Modern homes are a world apart from older ones. They are typically equipped with all the mod cons, including sleek furnishings and state-of-the-art appliances like vacuum cleaners and dishwashers. In contrast, older homes are often plain Jane in their design, with fewer furnishings and a more gloomy interior. How has housing changed in your country? Nowadays, people often live in high-rise apartments in big cities. In the past, most people resided in small houses and some cities had courtyard homes where extended families lived together with a shared garden. These traditional homes were a hit with foreigners due to their unique design. Do most people in your country live in an apartment or house? It really depends on the age group. Young people are leaning towards living in apartments, often taking out mortgages in urban areas because they crave city life. In contrast, older citizens usually live with their children and grandchildren in houses, which offer care and comfort that apartments might not. Do you think moving to a new home can bring problems to people? Definitely. Moving to a new home can be a real hassle. People often have to sort out issues like hiring a moving truck or redecorating their new place. They might also experience stress and anxiety as they adjust to the new environment or deal with less-than-ideal neighbors. What are the differences between living in the countryside and living in a city? There are several contrasts between rural and urban living. In terms of air quality, city dwellers are at a higher risk of respiratory diseases like asthma, while those in the countryside enjoy fresh air and better health. Additionally, cities offer more developed facilities and a higher standard of living. Urban residents can recharge their batteries with various entertainment options, like cinemas and social gatherings, which might be limited in rural areas. Do young people in your country like to live with their parents or on their own? Today’s young generation tends to favor independence from an early age. They often move away from their parents to live on their own or with roommates. This habit starts during tertiary education when they manage tasks like grocery shopping and laundry on their own, which gradually becomes the norm. Do people in your country like to rent a place to live? Yes, many young people prefer renting apartments to living with their families. They seek greater freedom and privacy and want to prove their independence. Renting allows them to experience life on their own terms. How do people decide on the kind of housing they choose to live in? Most people don’t have a lot of choice unless they are well-off. The majority opt for flats because they are more affordable. People generally try to choose accommodation close to their workplace, though this doesn’t always prevent them from spending a lot of time commuting. How will housing change in the future? In the future, I envision more high-rise buildings with modern amenities. However, I hope urban planners will incorporate more green spaces between these buildings. The current trend of cramming in concrete is a bit of a misstep, and adding more parks and green areas would greatly improve city living. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Battling: Struggling against. Stuck in a rut: In a difficult or unchanging situation. Settling for: Accepting something less than desired. Places a heavy burden: Creates a significant problem. Decline in living standards: Reduction in the quality of life. Standalone house: A house not attached to any other. Taking out mortgages: Borrowing money to buy a property. All the mod cons: Modern conveniences. A world apart: Very different. Plain Jane: Simple or unadorned. High-rise apartments: Tall buildings with many floors. Courtyard homes: Houses with a central open space. A hit: Popular or well-liked. Leaning towards: Preferring. Crave: Strongly desire. Care and comfort: Emotional and physical support. A real hassle: A significant inconvenience. Sort out: Resolve or arrange. Stress and anxiety: Mental strain and worry. Less-than-ideal neighbors: Annoying or troublesome neighbors. Several contrasts: Many differences. At a higher risk: More likely to encounter. Fresh air: Clean, unpolluted air. Developed facilities: Advanced services and amenities. Recharge their batteries: Replenish energy or enthusiasm. Favor independence: Prefer living alone. Move away: Relocate to a different place. Greater freedom and privacy: More control over one's life and personal space. Well-off: Wealthy or financially secure. Spending a lot of time commuting: Traveling long distances to work. High-rise buildings: Tall buildings with multiple floors. Green spaces: Areas with grass and plants. Cramming in concrete: Filling up spaces with buildings instead of greenery. A bit of a misstep: A small mistake or error in planning.

Is salary important to you? What is the impact of salary on doing work? Yes, salary is quite important to me. The more salary you receive, the more eager and enthusiastic you become at the workplace. High salary can provide immense motivation to carry out tasks and accomplish them with the highest degree of accuracy and speed. I distinctly remember a time when my boss promised me a pay rise if I could complete a project on time. I was too excited to turn down his offer and, as a result, I made it on time. In a nutshell, the power of money is undeniable. What kinds of jobs are easy to get in a foreign country? Finding employment can be easier if you know how to do certain types of jobs. The first common occupation that many migrants take up is manicuring, taking care of customers' nails. Such a job requires little or no formal knowledge but might involve sacrificing some self-esteem, as many locals might look down on it. The second, more noble profession is related to language skills. If you have an excellent command of the local language, for example, English, you can likely find a decent job with a handsome salary. Should young adults work abroad? I reckon it’s a mixed blessing. On the bright side, working in a foreign country can provide a wealth of knowledge and practical experience, especially in advanced countries. Companies in their home country usually offer a red-carpet treatment to those with overseas experience when they return. However, there are also many drawbacks. They might miss their parents or have a hard time adjusting to the climate or culture in a strange land, without much support from others. All in all, it primarily depends on their preferences and determination, but I recommend they should give it a try as they are still young and energetic. If they don't work abroad, would it be helpful for them to travel in a foreign country? Traveling can be a good way to explore the country and gain some hands-on experience, but it mostly offers a superficial experience. You get exposed to many things without a clear focus. For instance, you can interact with locals, sample local cuisine, or marvel at breathtaking landscapes. However, it doesn’t provide much insight into work or work experience. In a nutshell, traveling broadens your horizons of the world and its people but doesn’t give you deep insight into the work you are doing. What motivates you more, a high salary or job satisfaction? While a high salary can be a strong motivator, job satisfaction holds more weight for me. Knowing that I'm making a difference, enjoying my work environment, and feeling valued can drive my productivity and happiness more than just financial incentives. What are the advantages of working in your home country versus abroad? Working in your home country offers the comfort of familiar surroundings, language, and cultural nuances. You also have the support of family and friends. In contrast, working abroad can provide international exposure, higher earning potential, and unique life experiences, though it might involve adjusting to new cultures and being away from loved ones. What kind of job would you never take, no matter the salary? I would never take a job that goes against my ethical or moral values, no matter the salary. For instance, roles that involve harming others, environmental destruction, or illegal activities are absolute no-gos for me. How do you balance work and personal life? Balancing work and personal life requires setting clear boundaries, prioritizing tasks, and managing time effectively. I make sure to allocate time for relaxation, hobbies, and family, which helps me recharge and maintain productivity at work. What skills are most valued in your industry? In my industry, skills like effective communication, problem-solving, and teamwork are highly valued. Additionally, staying updated with the latest trends and technologies, along with a willingness to continuously learn, are crucial for career advancement. How do you handle work-related stress? Handling work-related stress involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep. Additionally, practicing mindfulness, seeking support from colleagues, and managing time effectively help me stay composed and productive under pressure. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Lose their desire to learn: Lose interest in learning. Securing a stable job: Finding a reliable and consistent job. Settle down: Establish a stable and routine life. Chalk and cheese: Completely different. Immense motivation: A very strong drive to achieve something. Red-carpet treatment: Special treatment given to someone. Mixed blessing: Something that has both advantages and disadvantages. Superficial experience: An experience that is not deep or thorough. Hands-on experience: Practical experience gained through direct involvement. Broadens your horizons: Expands your knowledge and understanding. No-gos: Things that are not acceptable or allowed. Ethical or moral values: Principles that guide one's behavior based on what is right and wrong.

What age will make it difficult for a person to learn a skill? In my experience, the most challenging time to learn a new skill is when people leave university and start working. At that point, they often lose their desire to learn new things. Their primary concern is securing a stable job and earning enough to support themselves and their families. So, I would say that from the age of 24, people tend to focus on settling down and stop actively seeking new knowledge. By the age of 40, most people have completely stopped thinking about acquiring new skills. What's the difference between children learning what they like and learning what they have to learn? It's like night and day. When children are interested in a subject, they immerse themselves in it and find joy in learning, making progress quickly. For example, a child passionate about music will practice instruments and listen to various compositions eagerly. In contrast, when children are forced to learn something they aren't interested in, it feels like a burden. They often do the bare minimum just to get by, and their progress is slow and unsatisfactory. Did you learn anything during your childhood when you were playing? Yes, absolutely. When I was a child, my friends and I would spend hours playing outside, exploring nature, and engaging in activities like climbing trees and fishing. These experiences taught me valuable life skills, such as balance and patience, which later helped me learn to ride a bike quickly and confidently. At what age do people generally stop acquiring new skills? While it varies from person to person, many people tend to stop actively learning new skills around the age of 40. By this time, they often feel settled in their routines and less motivated to take on new challenges. What factors influence a person's ability to learn new skills later in life? Several factors can influence this, including a person's overall health, cognitive abilities, motivation levels, and the presence of a stimulating environment. Staying mentally active and maintaining a curious mindset can significantly enhance one's ability to learn new skills, regardless of age. How can adults maintain their ability to learn new skills as they age? Adults can keep their minds sharp by engaging in activities that challenge their brains, such as puzzles, reading, learning new languages, or playing musical instruments. Additionally, staying physically active, maintaining a healthy diet, and socializing can also contribute to better cognitive health and the ability to learn new skills. What are the benefits of lifelong learning? Lifelong learning keeps the mind sharp, enhances problem-solving skills, and increases adaptability to change. It can also improve mental well-being by providing a sense of purpose and accomplishment. Moreover, lifelong learners often find it easier to keep up with technological advancements and other changes in society. How does technology influence the learning process for adults? Technology has made learning more accessible for adults by providing online courses, tutorials, and resources that can be accessed at any time. This flexibility allows adults to learn at their own pace and fit education into their busy schedules. Additionally, interactive tools and apps can make learning more engaging and effective. Why is it important for children to pursue their interests? When children pursue their interests, they are more likely to develop a love for learning, which can lead to greater academic success and personal fulfillment. Passion-driven learning fosters creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, setting a strong foundation for lifelong learning. How can parents encourage their children to learn what they like? Parents can encourage their children by providing opportunities to explore different activities, supporting their interests, and creating a positive learning environment at home. Celebrating their achievements and showing genuine interest in their hobbies can also motivate children to continue learning and growing. What role do schools play in balancing required learning and interest-based learning? Schools can play a crucial role by offering a well-rounded curriculum that includes both core subjects and elective courses. Providing extracurricular activities, clubs, and programs that cater to diverse interests can help students find their passions. Encouraging project-based learning and allowing students some choice in their assignments can also balance required learning with personal interests. Why do some adults feel reluctant to learn new skills? Some adults may feel reluctant to learn new skills due to fear of failure, lack of confidence, or the belief that it's too late to start. Additionally, busy schedules and other responsibilities can make it difficult to find time and energy for learning. Overcoming these barriers often requires a supportive environment and a shift in mindset towards seeing learning as a lifelong journey. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Lose their desire to learn: Lose interest in learning. Settling down: Establishing a stable and routine life. Night and day: Completely different. Immerse themselves: Fully engage. Bare minimum: The least amount of effort required. Just to get by: Only to meet basic requirements. Staying mentally active: Keeping the mind engaged in challenging activities. Stimulating environment: An environment that encourages learning and development. Keep their minds sharp: Maintain mental acuity. Technological advancements: Progress in technology. Fosters creativity: Encourages creative thinking. Interactive tools: Digital tools that allow user interaction. Personal fulfillment: A sense of satisfaction and achievement. Celebrating their achievements: Recognizing and appreciating accomplishments.

What is the most common technology used by people in your country, and the second most? From my observations, computer technology prevails since most work is done on computers these days. People use Microsoft Word to compose their documents, access Google for research purposes, and so on. When it comes to the second rank, I'd say it's the smartphone. Millions of people, particularly the youth, are hooked on their smartphones for social networking and communication. In many ways, the smartphone is just like a small computer. Are there any other places that need technology? Absolutely, the countryside needs more technology. Introducing novel technological advances can greatly improve the quality of life there. For example, robots can take over a variety of tasks precisely without human intervention, assisting with household chores from mopping the floor to cooking. This can lighten the load for mothers with child-rearing responsibilities or fathers snowed under with work. With more free time, people can engage in other entertainment or educational activities, which does wonders for their lives. Is it possible to live without technology? I doubt it. Technology is part and parcel of modern life and a must-have essential. I remember a time when there was a power cut at my house, which meant no internet connection. I had nothing to do, and it felt like I was living in prehistoric times. What are the advantages and disadvantages of technology? It's commonly believed that our lives have become more colorful and convenient because of technology. Devices like TVs, video players, and digital cameras enrich our leisure time; and the invention of trains and planes makes long-distance travel possible in a short time. On the flip side, the world is becoming more polluted and dangerous due to high technology. Vehicles create air and noise pollution, and nuclear and biochemical weapons make wars more cruel and disastrous. What is the impact of technology on people's lives? It's saddening to see that as technology develops faster and faster, people are increasing their pace of life unconsciously. As a result, people become more impersonal in society, becoming just cogs in the machine of society. So, I think technology transforms the relationship between people and society to some degree. How do you think modern technology will change the way people work in the future? It has already changed the way people work in every field and will continue to do so. For instance, my mom studied to be a graphic designer when she was in college. She did everything by hand 20 years ago. Now, her field has grown with the use of the internet and new technology. She draws by computer, bids for work online, and submits work online. In the future, more work could be done automatically, and all we'll need to do is press a button or check if the jobs are ready for collection. How can technology make our life easier? Thank you for allowing me to answer this. Technology is a blessing and has made life easier. With the use of technology, you can do unimaginable things now. Previously, people had to manually control their television sets, like increasing or decreasing the volume or changing channels. But now, you can sit back and use a remote controller to do all that. Once, people used paper and pens to write letters for communication. Now, we have cellular phones, e-mails, and social networking sites, all thanks to modern technology. Moreover, traveling is much easier and faster than in the past, significantly reducing travel time. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Computer technology prevails: Computer technology is dominant. Hooked on: Very engaged or addicted to. Just like a small computer: Comparable to a computer in functionality. Introducing novel technological advances: Bringing in new technological developments. Take over a variety of tasks: Perform different kinds of work. Lighten the load: Make a task easier or less burdensome. Snowed under: Overwhelmed with work. Does wonders: Has a very positive effect. Part and parcel: An essential part of. A must-have essential: Something that is absolutely necessary. Prehistoric times: A very long time ago, before modern conveniences. Colorful and convenient: Interesting and easy to use. Enrich our leisure time: Make our free time more enjoyable. Cogs in the machine: People who play small, unimportant roles in a larger system. Transforms: Changes significantly. Sit back: Relax. Blessing: Something that improves life.d exploration

Where do most people go in your country? People in my country tend to flock to domestic destinations for a couple of reasons. The main one is that our country is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, so there's no need to go on an overseas trip. Additionally, tight budgets make traveling at home more economical. What are the differences between traveling to other countries and living there? There are a world of difference between traveling abroad and living there. When you travel, you get a rosy picture of the destination, indulging in the local food, experiencing exotic cultures, and shopping in big malls, while the day-to-day grind of the locals often gets overlooked. With a tour guide, there’s no need to learn the language or find your way around because everything is taken care of. On the other hand, living in another country involves navigating culture shock, adapting to local customs, and handling everyday challenges like language barriers and finding your way around. Do you think we need to respect the region and culture when you go to other countries? Absolutely. When people visit another country, they often run into culture shock, food adaptability issues, and even racial discrimination. It’s crucial to show genuine respect for the host country’s culture. This not only smooths the way but also fosters goodwill and understanding. What are the effects of globalization? Globalization is sweeping the globe in the twenty-first century and has a significant impact on all nations. One of its effects is that it brings countries closer together, making the world a global village. Nowadays, we can travel anywhere and have more freedom to explore exotic cultures and broaden our horizons. Additionally, international cooperation is common, with countries relying on each other for economic growth and cultural appreciation. However, globalization also brings challenges like racial discrimination and social prejudice, which are some of its downsides. What are the advantages of traveling? Why do more and more people choose to travel abroad? Traveling offers numerous benefits. The standout advantage is that it broadens our horizons. Visiting new places allows us to experience local life, enjoy unique cuisines, and learn interesting things. Additionally, travel provides a chance to unwind after stressful periods of work or study. A short trip can recharge our batteries and boost our productivity when we return. What are the advantages of traveling alone? Traveling alone offers freedom and independence, allowing us to explore to our heart’s content. When traveling with others, we must plan our budget, watch over small children, or follow a tour guide’s schedule. On the other hand, solo travel lets us go wherever we please, mingle with the locals, and have unique experiences. It fosters self-reliance and personal growth. Will you choose to travel abroad or take a nationwide trip? What are the advantages of nationwide travel? If I had to choose, I would opt for domestic trips because they are more economical. There are no language barriers, unlike traveling to a foreign country where the culture and language may be unfamiliar. A nationwide journey can also satisfy my sense of adventure without the added costs and complications of international travel. Meaning of advanced phrases, idioms, and expressions: Tend to flock to: Commonly go to Renowned for: Well-known for Breathtaking: Extremely beautiful Tight budgets: Limited financial resources A world of difference: A significant difference Get a rosy picture: Get an overly optimistic view Day-to-day grind: Everyday routine Navigating: Finding a way through Run into: Encounter Crucial: Very important Smooths the way: Makes things easier Sweeping: Spreading rapidly and widely Global village: The world viewed as a community Broaden our horizons: Expand our knowledge and experience Downsides: Negative aspects Unwind: Relax Recharge our batteries: Restore our energy To our heart’s content: As much as we want Mingle with the locals: Interact with local people Satisfy my sense of adventure: Fulfill my desire for excitement and exploration

Phrase and Idioms for Speaking Test A A blessing in disguise - A good thing that seemed bad at first (প্রথমে খারাপ মনে হলেও ভাল কিছু) - Losing that job was a blessing in disguise; it pushed me to pursue my dream career. A dime a dozen - Something common (অতি সাধারণ কিছু) - Good ideas are a dime a dozen; execution is what matters. A picture is worth a thousand words - A visual presentation is more descriptive than words (একটি ছবি হাজার শব্দের চেয়ে বেশি বর্ণনামূলক) - The photograph of the devastation was heart-wrenching; truly, a picture is worth a thousand words. A piece of cake - Very easy (অত্যন্ত সহজ) - That test was a piece of cake. A slap on the wrist - A mild punishment (সামান্য শাস্তি) - He got a slap on the wrist for breaking the rules. A taste of your own medicine - When someone receives the same bad treatment they have given to others (নিজের করা খারাপ আচরণের প্রতিফল পাওয়া) - He got a taste of his own medicine when others started to ignore him. A toss-up - A result that is still unclear and can go either way (অনিশ্চিত ফলাফল) - It's a toss-up whether they'll win the game or not. Actions speak louder than words - What you do is more important than what you say (কাজ কথার চেয়ে শক্তিশালী) - Actions speak louder than words; show me you care. Add fuel to the fire - To make a bad situation worse (অবস্থা আরও খারাপ করা) - His comments only added fuel to the fire of the heated debate. Against the clock - Rushed and short on time (সময় স্বল্পতা) - We were working against the clock to finish the project. All bark and no bite - Threatening, but not willing to engage in a fight (খালি মুখে হুঙ্কার) - He threatens to fire people, but he's all bark and no bite. All ears - Fully listening (সম্পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দিয়ে শোনা) - I'm all ears; tell me what happened. All in the same boat - Everyone is facing the same challenges (সবার একই অবস্থা) - We're all in the same boat when it comes to dealing with the pandemic. An arm and a leg - Very expensive (অত্যন্ত ব্যয়বহুল) - That car costs an arm and a leg. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure - It's better to prevent a problem than to deal with it after it has occurred (রোগের চেয়ে প্রতিরোধ ভালো) - Regular exercise is crucial because an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Apple of discord - A subject of envy or quarrel (বিবাদের মূল) - The inheritance became an apple of discord among the siblings. Apple of my eye - Someone very precious or dear (অত্যন্ত প্রিয় ব্যক্তি) - His daughter is the apple of his eye. As a matter of fact - In reality; actually (প্রকৃতপক্ষে) - As a matter of fact, I did see him yesterday. As easy as pie - Very easy (অত্যন্ত সহজ) - Fixing this issue is as easy as pie. As good as new - In perfect condition (নতুনের মতো) - After the repairs, my car is as good as new. As the crow flies - In a straight line (সরাসরি) - The town is 20 miles from here as the crow flies. At a crossroads - At a critical point (গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মুহূর্তে) - She found herself at a crossroads in her career. At the drop of a hat - Without any hesitation; instantly (প্রথম সুযোগে) - He will help you at the drop of a hat. At the eleventh hour - At the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্তে) - They submitted their work at the eleventh hour. A tough nut to crack - A difficult problem or person (কঠিন সমস্যা বা ব্যক্তি) - This puzzle is a tough nut to crack. A wolf in sheep's clothing - Someone who pretends to be good but is actually bad (ভালো সেজে খারাপ) - Be careful of him; he's a wolf in sheep's clothing. Above board - Honest and legal (সত্ এবং আইনসম্মত) - Their business dealings are above board. Ace in the hole - A hidden advantage (গোপন সুবিধা) - Her ability to speak French is her ace in the hole. Achilles' heel - A weak point (দুর্বল স্থান) - His stubbornness is his Achilles' heel. Act high and mighty - Behave arrogantly (অহংকারীভাবে আচরণ করা) - He tends to act high and mighty around his subordinates. Add insult to injury - To make a bad situation worse (অবস্থা আরও খারাপ করা) - The boss added insult to injury by criticizing her work in front of everyone. Against the grain - Contrary to what is expected (প্রচলিত ধারার বিপরীতে) - His idea goes against the grain, but it might just work. Air your dirty laundry in public - To discuss private matters openly (গোপন বিষয় জনসমক্ষে আলোচনা করা) - It's not wise to air your dirty laundry in public. Alive and kicking - Healthy and active (সুস্থ ও সক্রিয়) - My grandmother is 90, but she's still alive and kicking. All in all - Considering everything (সবকিছু মিলিয়ে) - All in all, it was a great trip. All thumbs - Clumsy (আনাড়ি) - When it comes to cooking, I'm all thumbs. Alter ego - A second self (দ্বিতীয় সত্তা) - His brother is his alter ego. Amped up - Excited (উত্তেজিত) - The kids were amped up for the trip to the amusement park. Apple of discord - The cause of a dispute (বিবাদের মূল কারণ) - The land dispute has been the apple of discord in the family for years. Apple of my eye - A person who is cherished above all others (অত্যন্ত প্রিয় ব্যক্তি) - His youngest daughter is the apple of his eye. As a rule of thumb - Generally (সাধারণত) - As a rule of thumb, you should double-check your work. As blind as a bat - Unable to see well (খুবই কম দৃষ্টি শক্তি) - Without his glasses, he's as blind as a bat. As bold as brass - Very bold and confident (অত্যন্ত সাহসী এবং আত্মবিশ্বাসী) - She marched in as bold as brass and demanded a raise. As busy as a bee - Very busy (অত্যন্ত ব্যস্ত) - She's as busy as a bee with all her projects. As cool as a cucumber - Very calm (অত্যন্ত শান্ত) - Even during the crisis, he remained as cool as a cucumber. As fit as a fiddle - In very good health (অত্যন্ত স্বাস্থ্যবান) - After months of training, he's as fit as a fiddle. As good as gold - Very well-behaved (খুব ভালো আচরণ করা) - The child was as good as gold during the trip. As light as a feather - Very light (খুব হালকা) - This material is as light as a feather. As plain as day - Very clear (অতি স্পষ্ট) - The instructions were as plain as day. At a loss for words - Unable to speak (কিছু বলতে না পারা) - When he saw the surprise, he was at a loss for words. B Back to square one - To start over (পুনরায় শুরু করা) - After the plan failed, we were back to square one. Barking up the wrong tree - To pursue a mistaken or misguided course of action (ভুল দিক অনুসরণ করা) - If you think I'm the one who stole your pen, you're barking up the wrong tree. Beat around the bush - Avoid saying what you mean (প্রকৃত বিষয় এড়িয়ে যাওয়া) - Stop beating around the bush and get to the point. Beating a dead horse - To continue to focus on something that is no longer relevant (অপ্রাসঙ্গিক বিষয়ে লেগে থাকা) - You're beating a dead horse by arguing about that old issue again. Bend over backwards - Try very hard (অনেক চেষ্টা করা) - She'll bend over backwards to help you out. Best of both worlds - An ideal situation (উভয় ক্ষেত্রেই সুবিধা) - Working from home gives you the best of both worlds. Better late than never - Better to arrive late than not to come at all (না আসার চেয়ে দেরি করে আসা ভালো) - He finally apologized, and I thought, better late than never. Between a rock and a hard place - In a difficult situation (কঠিন পরিস্থিতিতে) - He was between a rock and a hard place, having to choose between his job and his family. Bite off more than you can chew - To take on a task that is too big (নিজের সামর্থ্যের বেশি কিছু হাতে নেওয়া) - He bit off more than he could chew when he agreed to lead both projects. Bite the bullet - To get something over with because it is inevitable (অপরিহার্য কিছু মোকাবেলা করা) - I decided to bite the bullet and finish the project tonight. Bite your tongue - To avoid talking (মুখ বন্ধ রাখা) - I wanted to tell him exactly what I thought, but I had to bite my tongue. Black and blue - Bruised and beaten (ক্ষত-বিক্ষত) - He was black and blue after the fall. Black and white - Very clear and easy to understand (অতি স্পষ্ট) - The rules were black and white, with no room for misunderstanding. Blessing in disguise - A good thing that seemed bad at first (প্রথমে খারাপ মনে হলেও ভাল কিছু) - Losing that job was a blessing in disguise. Blind leading the blind - When people who don't know how to do something try to show others (অজ্ঞান ব্যক্তির অন্য অজ্ঞকে শেখানো) - The situation was like the blind leading the blind. Blow off steam - To release pent-up energy or emotion (জমে থাকা অনুভূতি মুক্ত করা) - He went for a run to blow off steam after the argument. Break a leg - Good luck (শুভ কামনা) - Break a leg in your performance tonight! Break the ice - To initiate conversation (আলাপ শুরু করা) - She told a joke to break the ice at the meeting. Bring home the bacon - To earn a living (উপার্জন করা) - He works hard to bring home the bacon for his family. Burn bridges - To destroy relationships (সম্পর্ক নষ্ট করা) - Be careful not to burn bridges with former colleagues. Burn the midnight oil - Work late into the night (রাত জেগে কাজ করা) - She's been burning the midnight oil to finish her thesis. Burst your bubble - To disillusion someone (কাউকে বিভ্রান্তি মুক্ত করা) - I hate to burst your bubble, but the event was canceled. By and large - Generally (সাধারণত) - By and large, the meeting was a success. By the book - According to the rules (নিয়ম অনুযায়ী) - He does everything by the book. Back to the drawing board - To start something again because the previous attempt failed (আবার শুরু করা) - Our first attempt failed, so it's back to the drawing board. Ball is in your court - It's your decision now (এখন তোমার সিদ্ধান্ত) - I've done my part, now the ball is in your court. Bark up the wrong tree - To make a wrong assumption (ভুল অনুমান করা) - If you think I took your book, you're barking up the wrong tree. Be in hot water - To be in trouble (সমস্যায় থাকা) - He'll be in hot water if he's caught cheating. Be on cloud nine - To be extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি থাকা) - She was on cloud nine after winning the award. Beat a dead horse - To persist in pursuing a lost cause (অপ্রাসঙ্গিক বিষয় নিয়ে লেগে থাকা) - You're beating a dead horse arguing about this old issue. Behind the eight ball - In a difficult position (অসুবিধাজনক অবস্থায়) - He's behind the eight ball after missing the deadline. Better safe than sorry - It's better to be cautious (সাবধান থাকা ভালো) - Take your umbrella, better safe than sorry. Between the lines - Reading hidden meaning (গোপন অর্থ পড়া) - You need to read between the lines to understand his message. Big fish in a small pond - Someone important in a small community (ছোট জায়গায় গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যক্তি) - He was a big fish in a small pond in his hometown. Birds of a feather flock together - People with similar interests stick together (একই স্বভাবের লোক একসাথে থাকে) - Birds of a feather flock together, so it's no surprise they're friends. Bite the dust - To fail or be defeated (ব্যর্থ হওয়া বা পরাজিত হওয়া) - Many startups bite the dust within the first few years. Blind as a bat - Having very bad eyesight (খুবই কম দৃষ্টি শক্তি) - Without his glasses, he's blind as a bat. Blow one's own horn - To brag about oneself (নিজের প্রশংসা করা) - He loves to blow his own horn about his achievements. Blow out of proportion - To exaggerate (অতিরঞ্জিত করা) - The issue was blown out of proportion by the media. Blow up in your face - To have a plan go wrong (পরিকল্পনা ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - His scheme blew up in his face when he got caught. Boil down to - To be summarized as (সংক্ষেপে উপস্থাপন করা) - It all boils down to hard work and dedication. Bolt from the blue - A sudden and unexpected event (হঠাৎ এবং অপ্রত্যাশিত ঘটনা) - The news of their divorce was a bolt from the blue. Break new ground - To do something innovative (নতুন কিছু করা) - The scientist broke new ground with his research. Break the bank - To be very expensive (অত্যন্ত ব্যয়বহুল হওয়া) - Their wedding broke the bank. Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed - Eager and enthusiastic (উত্সাহী এবং উদ্যমী) - She arrived bright-eyed and bushy-tailed for her first day at work. Bring to the table - To provide something useful (কিছু দরকারী সরবরাহ করা) - She brings a lot to the table with her experience. Brush up on - To improve your knowledge of something (জ্ঞান ঝালাই করা) - I need to brush up on my Spanish before the trip. Buckle down - To start working seriously (গুরুত্ব সহকারে কাজ শুরু করা) - It's time to buckle down and study for the exams. Bull in a china shop - A clumsy person (অসাবধান ব্যক্তি) - He's like a bull in a china shop, breaking everything. Bury the hatchet - To make peace (মিটমাট করা) - They decided to bury the hatchet and become friends again. C Call it a day - Stop working (কাজ শেষ করা) - Let's call it a day and go home. Call the shots - To be in charge (কর্তৃত্ব করা) - He's the one who calls the shots in the office. Can't judge a book by its cover - Can't judge something based only on its appearance (দেখে বিচার করা যায় না) - She may look strict, but you can't judge a book by its cover. Catch-22 - A no-win situation (অচল অবস্থা) - Trying to get experience without a job is a catch-22. Catch someone red-handed - Catch someone in the act of doing something wrong (অপরাধ করার সময় ধরা পড়া) - The thief was caught red-handed by the police. Change of heart - Change in opinion or feeling (মত বা অনুভূতি পরিবর্তন) - She had a change of heart and decided to stay. Chew the fat - To chat in a relaxed way (আড্ডা দেওয়া) - They like to chew the fat over coffee. Chip on your shoulder - Being upset for something that happened in the past (অতীতের কিছু কারণে বিরক্ত থাকা) - He's got a chip on his shoulder about not getting that promotion. Clean slate - A fresh start (একটি নতুন শুরু) - He moved to a new city for a clean slate. Close but no cigar - Almost successful but not quite (অল্পের জন্য সফল না হওয়া) - She was close but no cigar in winning the race. Cold shoulder - To ignore someone (কারো প্রতি উদাসীন থাকা) - He gave her the cold shoulder after the argument. Come full circle - To return to the original position (আবার আগের জায়গায় ফিরে আসা) - His career has come full circle now that he's back at his first company. Come rain or shine - No matter what happens (যাই ঘটুক না কেন) - I'll be there come rain or shine. Couch potato - A lazy person (অলস ব্যক্তি) - Don't be a couch potato; go out and exercise. Crocodile tears - Fake tears (মিথ্যা কান্না) - Don't be fooled by her crocodile tears. Cry over spilled milk - Complain about a loss from the past (অতীতের ক্ষতির জন্য শোক করা) - There's no use crying over spilled milk. Cry wolf - To raise a false alarm (মিথ্যা বিপদ সংকেত দেওয়া) - If you cry wolf too many times, no one will believe you. Cup of joe - A cup of coffee (এক কাপ কফি) - Let's grab a cup of joe before the meeting. Cut corners - Do something poorly to save time or money (টাকা বা সময় বাঁচাতে কাজ নিম্নমানের করা) - The contractor was cutting corners, and the results were terrible. Cut the mustard - To meet expectations (প্রত্যাশা পূরণ করা) - She didn't cut the mustard and was let go. Cut to the chase - Get to the point (মূল কথায় আসা) - Let's cut to the chase and discuss the main issue. Cast the first stone - Be the first to criticize or attack (প্রথম সমালোচনা করা) - She shouldn't cast the first stone without knowing all the facts. Catch one's breath - To rest to regain normal breathing (নিয়মিত শ্বাস ফিরিয়ে আনা) - After running, he stopped to catch his breath. Chalk and cheese - Completely different (সম্পূর্ণ ভিন্ন) - Those two are chalk and cheese. Chase your tail - To be busy doing a lot of things but achieving very little (অনেক কিছু করার পরও তেমন কিছু না পাওয়া) - He spent the day chasing his tail without much progress. Clam up - To suddenly stop talking (হঠাৎ করে চুপ হয়ে যাওয়া) - She tends to clam up when she's nervous. Clear the air - Resolve misunderstandings (ভুল বোঝাবুঝি দূর করা) - They had a meeting to clear the air. Cliffhanger - A suspenseful situation (রোমাঞ্চকর অবস্থা) - The season ended on a cliffhanger. Close call - A narrow escape (সল্পের জন্য বিপদ থেকে বাঁচা) - That was a close call; we almost missed the flight. Come clean - To confess (স্বীকার করা) - It's time for him to come clean about his mistake. Cook the books - Alter financial records dishonestly (অবৈধভাবে হিসাব পরিবর্তন করা) - The company was caught cooking the books. Cool as a cucumber - Very calm and composed (অত্যন্ত শান্ত এবং স্থির) - She stayed cool as a cucumber during the crisis. Couch surfing - Temporarily staying on different people’s couches (পরিষ্কার নির্দিষ্ট বিছানায় না থেকে বিভিন্নজনের সোফায় থাকা) - He's been couch surfing since he lost his apartment. Crocodile tears - Insincere tears (মিথ্যা কান্না) - Don't be fooled by his crocodile tears; he’s not really sorry. Cross that bridge when you come to it - Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary (সমস্যা আসলে তা মোকাবেলা করা) - We'll cross that bridge when we come to it. Cry me a river - To sarcastically tell someone their complaints are not taken seriously (অন্যের অভিযোগকে গুরুত্ব না দেওয়া) - Stop complaining and cry me a river. Curiosity killed the cat - Being too inquisitive can lead to trouble (অতিরিক্ত কৌতূহল বিপদ ডেকে আনতে পারে) - Remember, curiosity killed the cat. Cut someone some slack - Don't be so critical (তেমন কড়া না হওয়া) - Cut him some slack; he's just learning the ropes. Cut to the chase - Get to the point (মূল কথায় আসা) - Let’s cut to the chase and start the discussion. Cash cow - A business that generates a steady profit (অবিরাম লাভজনক ব্যবসা) - That product became their cash cow. Catch a break - To get a lucky opportunity (সুযোগ পাওয়া) - He finally caught a break with a new job offer. Change gears - To shift focus (মনোযোগ পরিবর্তন করা) - We need to change gears and try a new approach. Close to home - Affecting one personally (ব্যক্তিগতভাবে প্রভাবিত হওয়া) - His comments about layoffs hit close to home. Come hell or high water - No matter what happens (যাই ঘটুক না কেন) - We'll finish this project come hell or high water. Come to terms - To reach an agreement (সমঝোতায় আসা) - They finally came to terms with the contract. Cooking up a storm - To cook a lot of food (অনেক রান্না করা) - She's been cooking up a storm for the party. Cool your jets - Calm down (শান্ত হও) - Just cool your jets and wait for your turn. Cut and dried - Simple and clear (সহজ এবং স্পষ্ট) - The instructions were cut and dried. Cut the mustard - To meet expectations (প্রত্যাশা পূরণ করা) - The new player really cut the mustard in the last game. Curveball - An unexpected challenge (অপ্রত্যাশিত চ্যালেঞ্জ) - Life threw him a curveball with the sudden job loss. D Dab hand - Someone who is very good at a particular activity (বিশেষ কোনো কাজে দক্ষ ব্যক্তি) - She's a dab hand at painting. Dark horse - A person who keeps their skills or achievements hidden (অপ্রকাশিত প্রতিভাবান ব্যক্তি) - He was a dark horse in the competition and surprised everyone by winning. Daylight robbery - Blatantly excessive or unfair price or act (স্পষ্টতই অত্যধিক বা অন্যায্য মূল্য বা কাজ) - The price of that handbag is daylight robbery. Dead as a doornail - Completely dead (সম্পূর্ণ মৃত) - The old battery is dead as a doornail. Dead ringer - An exact duplicate (হুবহু প্রতিলিপি) - She is a dead ringer for her mother. Devil's advocate - Someone who argues against a point for the sake of argument (তর্কের খাতিরে বিরোধিতা করে এমন ব্যক্তি) - I'll play devil's advocate to see if we can find any flaws in the plan. Die hard - A person who will not abandon their beliefs or habits (যে ব্যক্তি তার বিশ্বাস বা অভ্যাস ছেড়ে যাবে না) - He's a die hard fan of the old band. Dig in your heels - To refuse to change your opinions or plans (মত বা পরিকল্পনা পরিবর্তন করতে অস্বীকার করা) - She dug in her heels and refused to leave. Divide and conquer - To gain or maintain power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into pieces that individually have less power (ভাগ করে শাসন করা) - The manager's strategy was to divide and conquer the team. Do a double take - To look twice due to surprise or disbelief (অবাক বা অবিশ্বাসে দুবার তাকানো) - I had to do a double take when I saw her new haircut. Dog days - The hottest days of summer (গ্রীষ্মের সবচেয়ে গরম দিনগুলি) - The dog days of summer are here. Dog-eat-dog - Ruthlessly competitive (নিষ্ঠুর প্রতিযোগিতা) - It's a dog-eat-dog world in the corporate sector. Don't count your chickens before they hatch - Don't assume success until it actually happens (ঘটার আগে আশা করা ঠিক নয়) - You shouldn't count your chickens before they hatch; wait until you have the results. Don't cry over spilled milk - Don't waste time worrying about past mistakes (অতীতের ভুল নিয়ে চিন্তা করা ঠিক নয়) - It's over now, so don't cry over spilled milk. Don't put all your eggs in one basket - Don't risk everything on a single venture (সবকিছু এক কারবারে ঝুঁকি না নেওয়া) - She diversified her investments to avoid putting all her eggs in one basket. Dot your i's and cross your t's - Pay attention to details (খুঁটিনাটি বিষয়ে মনোযোগ দেওয়া) - Make sure to dot your i's and cross your t's before submitting the report. Down to earth - Practical and realistic (বাস্তব এবং ব্যবহারিক) - Despite his wealth, he remains down to earth. Drag your feet - To do something slowly because you don't want to do it (ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে ধীরে কাজ করা) - He's been dragging his feet on completing the project. Draw the line - To set a limit (সীমা নির্ধারণ করা) - I have to draw the line at working weekends. Dress to kill - To dress in very fashionable or glamorous clothes (অত্যন্ত আকর্ষণীয় পোশাক পরা) - She was dressed to kill at the party. Drive someone up the wall - To irritate someone (কারও বিরক্তি উদ্রেক করা) - His constant whining is driving me up the wall. Drop a bombshell - To reveal surprising news (অপ্রত্যাশিত সংবাদ প্রকাশ করা) - She dropped a bombshell when she announced her resignation. Drop the ball - To make a mistake (ভুল করা) - He really dropped the ball on this assignment. Drown your sorrows - To drink alcohol to forget your problems (সমস্যা ভুলে যাওয়ার জন্য মদ্যপান করা) - He went to the bar to drown his sorrows. Dutch courage - False bravery gained from alcohol (মদ্যপানের কারণে সৃষ্ট মিথ্যা সাহস) - He needed some Dutch courage to ask her out. Dwell on - To think or talk about something for too long (বেশি সময় ধরে কিছু ভাবা বা বলা) - Don't dwell on your mistakes; learn from them and move on. Down and out - Lacking funds, a home, or prospects (অর্থ, ঘর বা আশাবাদহীন) - After losing his job, he was down and out. Do or die - A situation where one must succeed or fail completely (সফল হওয়া বা সম্পূর্ণ ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - This match is do or die for the team. Down to the wire - Until the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্ত পর্যন্ত) - The negotiations went down to the wire. Dressed to the nines - Dressed very elegantly (অত্যন্ত আড়ম্বরপূর্ণভাবে পোশাক পরা) - She was dressed to the nines for the gala. Dig deep - To use a lot of effort or resources (অধিক পরিমাণে প্রচেষ্টা বা সম্পদ ব্যবহার করা) - We need to dig deep to find a solution. Diamond in the rough - Someone with potential but needing refinement (প্রতিভা আছে কিন্তু পরিশীলনের প্রয়োজন) - He is a diamond in the rough and will excel with some training. Down in the dumps - Feeling sad or depressed (দুঃখিত বা বিষণ্ণ অনুভব করা) - She's been down in the dumps since her cat died. Double-edged sword - Something that has both positive and negative effects (যার উভয় ভাল এবং খারাপ প্রভাব আছে) - Fame can be a double-edged sword. Don't give up your day job - A humorous way to say someone is not very good at something (কেউ কোন কাজে তেমন ভালো নয়) - Your singing is okay, but don't give up your day job. Drive a hard bargain - To negotiate effectively (কার্যকরভাবে দর-কষাকষি করা) - She knows how to drive a hard bargain. Drop in the bucket - A very small amount compared to what is needed (প্রয়োজনের তুলনায় খুব কম পরিমাণ) - The donation was just a drop in the bucket compared to what was needed. Dust off - To prepare something for use after a long period of neglect (দীর্ঘ সময় পরে আবার ব্যবহার করার জন্য প্রস্তুত করা) - He decided to dust off his old guitar. Down the road - In the future (ভবিষ্যতে) - We may face bigger challenges down the road. Dead in the water - Something that is not moving forward or making progress (কোন অগ্রগতি নেই এমন কিছু) - The project is dead in the water due to lack of funding. Drown in paperwork - Overwhelmed by paperwork (দলিলপত্রের কাজের চাপে থাকা) - She's been drowning in paperwork all week. Dog and pony show - An elaborate presentation (জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ প্রদর্শনী) - The CEO's speech was more of a dog and pony show than a real plan. Duck soup - Something very easy (খুবই সহজ কিছু) - For him, solving math problems is duck soup. Dead to the world - In a deep sleep (গভীর ঘুমে থাকা) - After the long journey, he was dead to the world. Dime a dozen - Very common and not special (খুবই সাধারণ এবং বিশেষ নয়) - Such players are a dime a dozen in the league. Drop the mic - To make a definitive statement (চূড়ান্ত বিবৃতি দেওয়া) - He made his point and then dropped the mic. Drive the point home - To emphasize something strongly (কোন কিছু জোর দিয়ে বলা) - The teacher drove the point home with several examples. Down on one's luck - Experiencing a period of bad luck (খারাপ সময়ে থাকা) - He's been down on his luck since he lost his job. Dead to rights - Caught in the act (অপরাধের সময় ধরা পড়া) - They had him dead to rights with the stolen goods. Duck out - To leave quickly and quietly (তাড়াতাড়ি এবং চুপচাপ চলে যাওয়া) - He ducked out of the meeting early. E Easier said than done - Something that is easy to talk about but hard to do (কথা বলা সহজ, কাজ করা কঠিন) - Quitting smoking is easier said than done. Egg on your face - To be embarrassed or humiliated (বাক্সের মধ্যে ডিম) - He was left with egg on his face after the mistake. Every cloud has a silver lining - Every difficult situation has a positive aspect (প্রতিটি মেঘেরই সোনালী প্রান্ত থাকে) - Even though we lost, every cloud has a silver lining. Eye for an eye - A punishment that is the same as the crime (একটু চোখের বদলে চোখ) - The policy is based on the principle of an eye for an eye. Eagle eye - Very keen vision (খুব ভালো দৃষ্টি) - He has an eagle eye for details. Easy come, easy go - Something easily gained is also easily lost (যা সহজে আসে, তা সহজেই চলে যায়) - He won the lottery, but easy come, easy go. Eighth wonder of the world - Something extremely impressive (বিশ্বের অষ্টম আশ্চর্য) - Her cooking is the eighth wonder of the world. Every dog has its day - Everyone has their moment of success (প্রত্যেকেরই সফলতার দিন আছে) - Don't worry, every dog has its day. Empty vessel makes the most noise - Those with little knowledge often speak the loudest (খালি পাত্রই বেশি শব্দ করে) - He talks a lot, but the empty vessel makes the most noise. Escape one's notice - To be unnoticed (কোনো কিছু চোখ এড়িয়ে যাওয়া) - It didn't escape my notice that he was late. Eat like a horse - To eat a lot (খুব বেশি খাওয়া) - He eats like a horse but never gains weight. Eggs in one basket - Risking everything on one venture (একটি ক্ষেত্রের মধ্যে সবকিছু ঝুঁকি দেওয়া) - Don't put all your eggs in one basket. Easier said than done - Harder to accomplish than it is to talk about (কথা বলা সহজ, কাজ করা কঠিন) - Losing weight is easier said than done. End of the line - The final point or limit (সীমা) - This is the end of the line for this project. Every nook and cranny - Every small part or area (প্রতিটি কোণ এবং গুহা) - They searched every nook and cranny of the house. Eager beaver - A very enthusiastic person (খুবই উৎসাহী ব্যক্তি) - She’s an eager beaver who always volunteers for extra work. Eat your heart out - Be very envious (বিস্বস্ত হওয়া) - Eat your heart out, I’m going to Paris! Every Tom, Dick, and Harry - Any person at random (যে কেউ) - The job was open to every Tom, Dick, and Harry. Eleventh hour - At the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্তে) - They finished the project at the eleventh hour. Eureka moment - A moment of sudden insight or discovery (হঠাৎ আবিষ্কারের মুহূর্ত) - He had a Eureka moment while solving the puzzle. Eat humble pie - To admit one’s mistakes (নিজের ভুল স্বীকার করা) - He had to eat humble pie after the mistake. End of the road - The final stage or limit (শেষ পথ) - This is the end of the road for this plan. Elephant in the room - An obvious problem that no one wants to discuss (স্পষ্ট সমস্যা যা কেউ আলোচনা করতে চায় না) - The high turnover rate is the elephant in the room. Empty-handed - Without anything (শূন্য হাত) - They returned empty-handed from the market. Every cloud has a silver lining - Every bad situation has a positive side (যে কোনো খারাপ পরিস্থিতিরও ভালো দিক থাকে) - Don't worry, every cloud has a silver lining. Eager beaver - Someone who is very enthusiastic (খুবই উৎসাহী ব্যক্তি) - She’s an eager beaver and always volunteers for extra work. Eat someone out of house and home - To eat all of someone’s food (কোনো ব্যক্তির খাবার শেষ করে দেওয়া) - My kids eat me out of house and home. Every dog has its day - Everyone has their moment of success (প্রত্যেকেরই সফলতার দিন আছে) - Don’t worry, every dog has its day. End of the world - A catastrophic event (অপরিসীম বিপর্যয়) - Losing that document felt like the end of the world. Easier said than done - Difficult to accomplish (কথা বলা সহজ, কাজ করা কঠিন) - Quitting smoking is easier said than done. Early bird catches the worm - The one who starts early has an advantage (যে ব্যক্তি আগে শুরু করে, সে সুবিধা পায়) - The early bird catches the worm, so I’m up at dawn. Elephant in the room - An obvious problem that everyone is ignoring (যা সবাই এড়িয়ে চলে) - The lack of funding is the elephant in the room. Eat your words - To admit that you were wrong (নিজের ভুল স্বীকার করা) - He had to eat his words after the results were announced. End up - To finally be in a particular place or situation (শেষ পর্যন্ত কোথাও পৌঁছানো) - They might end up in a different city. Earn one's stripes - To prove oneself through hard work (মেধার প্রমাণ করা) - She had to earn her stripes before getting promoted. Eyes in the back of your head - Having the ability to see everything around you (পিছন থেকে সব কিছু দেখতে পারা) - You need to have eyes in the back of your head with kids around. Every dog has its day - Everyone will have their moment (সবাইয়েরই দিন আছে) - Don’t worry, every dog has its day. Eat like a bird - To eat very little (খুবই কম খাওয়া) - She eats like a bird, so she’s always so slim. Easy as pie - Very easy (খুবই সহজ) - The test was easy as pie. Egg on your face - To be embarrassed (বাক্সের মধ্যে ডিম) - He had egg on his face after the blunder. Eyes bigger than your stomach - Taking more food than you can eat (যতটুকু খেতে পারো তার চেয়ে বেশি খাবার নেওয়া) - I ordered too much food; my eyes were bigger than my stomach. Eat humble pie - To admit you were wrong (নিজের ভুল স্বীকার করা) - He had to eat humble pie after his mistake was discovered. Every nook and cranny - Every small part or corner (প্রতিটি কোণ এবং গুহা) - They searched every nook and cranny of the house. End of the road - The final point or limit (শেষ পথ) - This is the end of the road for the project. Eureka moment - A moment of sudden realization or discovery (হঠাৎ আবিষ্কারের মুহূর্ত) - She had a Eureka moment while solving the problem. Elephant in the room - An obvious problem that no one wants to discuss (স্পষ্ট সমস্যা যা কেউ আলোচনা করতে চায় না) - The elephant in the room is the company’s declining sales. Easy come, easy go - Something gained easily is lost easily (যা সহজে আসে, তা সহজেই চলে যায়) - Winning the lottery is easy come, easy go. Empty the nest - When children grow up and leave home (বাচ্চারা বড় হয়ে বাড়ি ছেড়ে চলে যাওয়া) - After the kids went to college, they had to empty the nest. Every Tom, Dick, and Harry - Any random person (যে কেউ) - The job was open to every Tom, Dick, and Harry. Eggs in one basket - Risking everything on one venture (একটি ক্ষেত্রে সবকিছু ঝুঁকি দেওয়া) - Don't put all your eggs in one basket. F Face the music - To confront the consequences of one's actions (নিজের কাজের ফলাফলের মুখোমুখি হওয়া) - He has to face the music for his mistakes. Fall apart - To break down emotionally or physically (মানসিক বা শারীরিকভাবে ভেঙে পড়া) - She began to fall apart after hearing the bad news. Fall on deaf ears - To be ignored or disregarded (অবহেলিত বা উপেক্ষিত হওয়া) - His suggestions always fall on deaf ears. Feather in one's cap - An achievement to be proud of (গর্ব করার মতো একটি অর্জন) - Winning the award was a real feather in her cap. Fed up - Very tired or annoyed by something (কিছু দ্বারা খুব ক্লান্ত বা বিরক্ত) - I'm fed up with all the noise. Feel blue - To feel sad or depressed (দুঃখিত বা বিষণ্ণ অনুভব করা) - He's been feeling blue since his friend moved away. Field day - A very enjoyable day or time (খুব উপভোগ্য দিন বা সময়) - The kids had a field day at the amusement park. Fight tooth and nail - To fight very fiercely (খুব কঠোরভাবে লড়াই করা) - She had to fight tooth and nail to get her promotion. Fit as a fiddle - To be in very good health (খুব ভালো স্বাস্থ্য থাকা) - Even at 80, he is fit as a fiddle. Fly off the handle - To suddenly become very angry (হঠাৎ খুব রেগে যাওয়া) - She flew off the handle when she found out the truth. Follow suit - To do the same thing as someone else (অন্য কারো মতোই করা) - When the lead dancer added a new move, the others followed suit. Foot in the door - To achieve an initial stage of progress (অগ্রগতির প্রাথমিক পর্যায় অর্জন করা) - The internship helped him get his foot in the door of the industry. For a song - Very cheaply (খুবই কম দামে) - She bought the car for a song at an auction. Full of beans - Very lively and energetic (খুবই জীবন্ত এবং প্রাণবন্ত) - The children were full of beans after the birthday party. Face value - The superficial appearance of something (কোন কিছুর উপরিভাগের চেহারা) - Take his words at face value; he may have deeper intentions. Fall from grace - To lose status or respect (মর্যাদা বা সম্মান হারানো) - The politician's scandal caused him to fall from grace. Fall through - To fail to happen (ঘটা ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - Our vacation plans fell through due to the storm. Fast track - A quicker route to success (সফলতার দ্রুত পথ) - She was put on the fast track for promotion. Feather one's nest - To enrich oneself at the expense of others (অন্যদের খরচে নিজেকে সমৃদ্ধ করা) - He was accused of using his position to feather his own nest. Feel the pinch - To experience financial hardship (আর্থিক কষ্ট অনুভব করা) - After the rent increase, many residents are feeling the pinch. Fifth wheel - An unnecessary person or thing (একটি অপ্রয়োজনীয় ব্যক্তি বা জিনিস) - She felt like a fifth wheel during the couples' dinner. Fish out of water - Someone in an unfamiliar or uncomfortable situation (অপরিচিত বা অস্বস্তিকর পরিস্থিতিতে কেউ) - He felt like a fish out of water at the new job. Flash in the pan - Something that shows potential initially but fails later (যা প্রথমে সম্ভাবনা দেখায় কিন্তু পরে ব্যর্থ হয়) - His first novel was a success, but it turned out to be just a flash in the pan. Flesh and blood - A human being, especially with reference to emotions (একজন মানুষ, বিশেষ করে আবেগের সাথে সম্পর্কিত) - Despite his tough exterior, he is just flesh and blood. Fly by the seat of one's pants - To do something without planning (পরিকল্পনা ছাড়া কিছু করা) - We didn't have a plan; we just flew by the seat of our pants. Foot the bill - To pay for something (কিছুর জন্য টাকা দেওয়া) - Her parents agreed to foot the bill for her wedding. Fool's paradise - A state of happiness based on false hope (মিথ্যা আশার উপর ভিত্তি করে সুখ) - Believing that he'll come back to her is living in a fool's paradise. Forty winks - A short nap (একটি ছোট ঘুম) - He took forty winks during his lunch break. Free rein - Unrestricted freedom (অবাধ স্বাধীনতা) - The manager gave his team free rein on the project. French leave - Leaving without saying goodbye (বিদায় না বলে চলে যাওয়া) - She took French leave and left the party early. Full of hot air - Talking nonsense (অর্থহীন কথা বলা) - Don't listen to him; he's full of hot air. From A to Z - Covering everything (সবকিছু অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা) - The book covers the topic from A to Z. From scratch - From the very beginning (পুরোপুরি শুরু থেকে) - She built her business from scratch. Full steam ahead - Proceed with maximum effort (সর্বাধিক প্রচেষ্টায় এগিয়ে যাওয়া) - It's full steam ahead with the new project. Flog a dead horse - To waste effort on something that is not going to succeed (যা সফল হবে না তাতে প্রচেষ্টা ব্যয় করা) - Trying to change his mind is like flogging a dead horse. Face the facts - To accept the reality (বাস্তবতা মেনে নেওয়া) - It's time to face the facts; we need a new plan. Fair and square - Honestly and straightforwardly (সততার সাথে এবং সরলভাবে) - He won the game fair and square. Fall into place - To happen in a satisfactory way (সন্তোষজনকভাবে ঘটা) - Once we started the project, everything fell into place. Fall off the wagon - To return to an addictive behavior after a period of abstinence (একটি আসক্ত আচরণে ফিরে আসা) - He fell off the wagon after being sober for a year. Fend for oneself - To take care of oneself without help (সহায়তা ছাড়া নিজের যত্ন নেওয়া) - At 18, she had to fend for herself. Fight fire with fire - To use the same methods as your opponent (প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বীর মতোই পদ্ধতি ব্যবহার করা) - They decided to fight fire with fire in the negotiations. Fit the bill - To be suitable for a particular purpose (একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্দেশ্যে উপযুক্ত হওয়া) - This new software fits the bill perfectly. Fly in the ointment - A small flaw that ruins the whole (একটি ছোট ত্রুটি যা পুরো নষ্ট করে দেয়) - The only fly in the ointment was the rainy weather. From pillar to post - From one place or situation to another in a disorganized way (একটি স্থান বা পরিস্থিতি থেকে অন্যটিতে বিশৃঙ্খলভাবে) - They've been moving from pillar to post since they lost their home. Full circle - To return to the original point (মূল পয়েন্টে ফিরে আসা) - His career has come full circle, returning to his first job. From the horse's mouth - Directly from the source (সূত্র থেকে সরাসরি) - I heard it from the horse's mouth that she's getting promoted. Fair game - Something that is a legitimate target (যা একটি বৈধ লক্ষ্য) - In politics, everything is fair game. Fall head over heels - To fall deeply in love (গভীর প্রেমে পড়া) - He fell head over heels for her. Find one's feet - To become comfortable in a new situation (একটি নতুন পরিস্থিতিতে আরামদায়ক হওয়া) - It took a while, but she's finally found her feet in her new job. Fool's gold - Something that appears valuable but is actually worthless (যা মূল্যবান মনে হয় কিন্তু প্রকৃতপক্ষে মূল্যহীন) - The business opportunity turned out to be fool's gold. G Give it a shot - To try something (কিছু চেষ্টা করা) - Why don't you give it a shot and see if you like it? Go the extra mile - To make an extra effort (অতিরিক্ত প্রচেষ্টা করা) - She always goes the extra mile for her clients. Grasp at straws - To try anything to find a solution (সমাধান খুঁজতে কিছু করা) - He was grasping at straws to explain his actions. Get a grip - To control one's emotions (নিজের আবেগ নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা) - You need to get a grip and calm down. Give someone the cold shoulder - To ignore someone deliberately (কাউকে ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে উপেক্ষা করা) - She gave him the cold shoulder after the argument. Get the ball rolling - To start something (কিছু শুরু করা) - Let's get the ball rolling on this project. Go down in flames - To fail spectacularly (অসাধারণভাবে ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - His plans went down in flames when the funding was cut. Get out of hand - To become uncontrolled (নিয়ন্ত্রণহীন হয়ে যাওয়া) - The situation got out of hand quickly. Green with envy - Very jealous (খুবই ঈর্ষান্বিত) - She was green with envy when she saw her friend's new car. Give someone a run for their money - To challenge someone strongly (কাউকে শক্তভাবে চ্যালেঞ্জ করা) - She gave him a run for his money in the race. Get away with murder - To do something wrong without being punished (অপরাধ করে শাস্তি না পাওয়া) - He always gets away with murder because he's the boss's son. Go against the grain - To do something unusual or contrary to one's nature (অস্বাভাবিক বা স্বভাবের বিরুদ্ধে কিছু করা) - It goes against the grain for her to lie. Get wind of - To hear about something (কিছু শোনা) - He got wind of the company's plans to expand. Give someone a piece of your mind - To tell someone what you think angrily (ক্রোধে কাউকে নিজের মতামত বলা) - She gave him a piece of her mind after he was rude. Go for broke - To risk everything to achieve something (কিছু অর্জনের জন্য সব কিছু ঝুঁকি নেওয়া) - They decided to go for broke and invest in the new venture. Get cold feet - To become nervous before a big event (একটি বড় ঘটনার আগে নার্ভাস হওয়া) - He got cold feet before the wedding. Give someone the benefit of the doubt - To believe someone without proof (কাউকে প্রমাণ ছাড়াই বিশ্বাস করা) - I’ll give him the benefit of the doubt this time. Go hand in hand - To be closely related (ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে সম্পর্কিত) - Exercise and healthy eating go hand in hand. Get a kick out of - To enjoy something a lot (কিছু খুব উপভোগ করা) - She gets a kick out of playing video games. Give up the ghost - To die or stop working (মারা যাওয়া বা কাজ করা বন্ধ করা) - The old car finally gave up the ghost. Go through the motions - To do something without enthusiasm (উৎসাহ ছাড়া কিছু করা) - He was just going through the motions at his job. Get off scot-free - To escape without punishment (শাস্তি ছাড়া পালানো) - He got off scot-free despite his involvement in the scandal. Give it a rest - To stop doing or saying something (কিছু করা বা বলা বন্ধ করা) - Can you give it a rest? I'm tired of arguing. Go with the flow - To accept things as they come (ঘটনাগুলি যেমন আসে তেমন গ্রহণ করা) - She likes to go with the flow and not plan too much. Get your act together - To become organized and efficient (সংগঠিত এবং দক্ষ হওয়া) - You need to get your act together if you want to succeed. Give someone the slip - To escape from someone (কাউকে এড়িয়ে যাওয়া) - The thief managed to give the police the slip. Go out on a limb - To take a risk (ঝুঁকি নেওয়া) - She went out on a limb to defend her friend. Get the hang of - To learn how to do something (কিছু করা শেখা) - He finally got the hang of skiing. Give someone a hard time - To criticize or hassle someone (কাউকে সমালোচনা বা হয়রানি করা) - They gave her a hard time about her decision. Go out of one's way - To make a special effort (বিশেষ প্রচেষ্টা করা) - She went out of her way to make us feel welcome. H Hit the hay - To go to bed (ঘুমানো) - I'm tired; I think I'll hit the hay early tonight. Hold your horses - To wait or be patient (অপেক্ষা করা) - Hold your horses, we're almost there. High and dry - Abandoned or stranded without help (সাহায্য ছাড়া ছেড়ে দেওয়া) - He left me high and dry with all the work. Have a blast - To have a great time (মজা করা) - We had a blast at the party last night. Hang in there - To persevere during a difficult situation (কঠিন অবস্থায় ধৈর্য ধরা) - Hang in there, things will get better. Hard nut to crack - Something difficult to solve or understand (সমাধান বা বুঝতে খুব কঠিন কিছু) - That math problem is a hard nut to crack. Hit the nail on the head - To be exactly right about something (কিছুর প্রতি সঠিক মন্তব্য বা মতামত রখা) - She hit the nail on the head with her analysis of the situation. Have a change of heart - To change one's opinion or feelings (মন পালটানো) - He had a change of heart and decided to support the new plan. Heart-to-heart - A sincere and honest conversation (সত্যনিষ্ঠ এবং সম্ভ্রান্ত আলোচনা) - They had a heart-to-heart talk about their relationship. Hell or high water - Any difficult situation or obstacle (যে কোনও কঠিন অবস্থার সম্মুখীন) - He promised to be there, come hell or high water. Head over heels - Very excited or joyful (খুব উত্তেজিত বা আনন্দিত) - She's head over heels in love with him. Hush-hush - Kept secret or confidential (গোপন বা গোপন রাখা) - The project was hush-hush until the official announcement. Hear it through the grapevine - To hear rumors or gossip (গল্পে অথবা অশ্রুতে শোনা) - I heard it through the grapevine that they're getting married. Hit the road - To begin a journey (একটি যাত্রা শুরু করা) - We need to hit the road early to avoid traffic. Hold the fort - To maintain control of a situation while others are absent (অন্যদের অনুপস্থিতিতে নিয়ন্ত্রণ বজায় রাখা) - I'll hold the fort while you're gone. Hungry as a bear - Very hungry (খুব ক্ষুধার্ত) - After playing all day, he was hungry as a bear. Hot potato - A controversial or difficult issue to deal with (বিতর্কিত বা কঠিন সমস্যা) - The new policy became a hot potato for the company. Half-baked - Not well thought out or incomplete (অপূর্ণ বা ভালমন্দে ভাবা) - His plan was half-baked and didn't work. Have eyes in the back of one's head - To be very aware of what is happening around oneself (নিজের চারপাশে সবকিছু চর্চা করা) - She seems to have eyes in the back of her head; she catches everything. Hit rock bottom - To reach the lowest point (নিম্নতম স্তরে পৌঁছা) - After losing his job, he hit rock bottom. Household name - A well-known person or thing (পরিবারের নাম) - The singer became a household name after winning the talent show. Hard and fast - Strict and inflexible (কঠোর এবং অমৃদু) - There are hard and fast rules about attendance at the conference. Have a chip on one's shoulder - To be easily angered or defensive (খুব সহজেই রাগী বা প্রতিক্রিয়াশীল) - He has a chip on his shoulder about criticism. Hold water - To be valid or reasonable (বৈধ বা যুক্তিসঙ্গত হওয়া) - His explanation didn't hold water when questioned. Home stretch - The final part of a task or journey (কাজের বা যাত্রার শেষ অংশ) - We're in the home stretch of the project; just a few more tasks to complete. Hit the jackpot - To achieve great success or win a large prize (বৃদ্ধি অর্জন বা বড় পুরস্কার জিতা) - She hit the jackpot with her new invention. Hanky-panky - Dishonest or suspicious activity (অবিশ্বাস্য বা অস্বীকৃত কাজ) - There was some hanky-panky going on behind the scenes. Have it in for someone - To have a strong dislike or animosity toward someone (কাউকে অত্যন্ত ঘৃণা বা বিরোধ করা) - She seems to have it in for her coworker. Head in the clouds - To be unaware or unrealistic about things (বস্তু না বা অবাস্তব জিনিস চিন্তা করা) - He's always got his head in the clouds; he needs to focus. Haste makes waste - Rushing leads to mistakes (হতাশা নিয়ে যায় ব্যস্ততা) - Remember, haste makes waste, so take your time. I In a nutshell - To summarize briefly (সংক্ষেপে) - In a nutshell, the project was successful. In hot water - In trouble or facing difficulties (কঠিন অবস্থায়) - He's in hot water after missing the deadline. In the dark - Unaware or uninformed about something (অজ্ঞাততায়) - She's in the dark about the surprise party. In the same boat - In the same situation (একই অবস্থায়) - We're in the same boat regarding our workload. In the nick of time - Just in time (সময়ের নিকটতমে) - They arrived in the nick of time for the meeting. In over your head - Involved in something too difficult to handle (ব্যাপ্ত হওয়া) - He's in over his head with the new project. In the red - Spending more money than you earn (টাকার ঘাটতি) - The company is in the red this quarter. In the loop - Informed or included in a group (সম্মুখে) - Keep me in the loop about any changes. In the bag - Certain or secured (নিশ্চিত) - Victory is in the bag for the team. In seventh heaven - Extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি) - She's in seventh heaven since getting promoted. In your face - Directly confronting or challenging someone (সরাসরি হামলা করা) - He scored and celebrated in their face. Iron out - To resolve or settle (সমাধান করা) - They need to iron out their differences. In the cards - Likely to happen (সম্ভব) - A promotion is in the cards for him. In the driver's seat - In control or in charge (নিয়ন্ত্রণে) - She's in the driver's seat of the project. In the line of fire - Likely to be criticized or attacked (নিশ্চিত মানে বিচার বা হামলার জন্য) - As the spokesperson, she's in the line of fire. In the dark about - Not knowing anything about something (কিছু সম্পর্কে কিছুই না জানা) - She is in the dark about her surprise party. In stitches - Laughing uncontrollably (অসংখ্য হাসি) - The comedian had everyone in stitches. In your element - Comfortable and natural (আপনার প্রাকৃতিক অবস্থায়) - She's in her element when teaching children. In the same boat - In the same situation (একই অবস্থায়) - We're in the same boat regarding our workload. In the limelight - At the center of attention (চরকসাধারণের মধ্যে) - The singer thrives in the limelight. In deep water - In serious trouble (গভীর দুর্দশায়) - He's in deep water after failing the exam. In the long run - Eventually or over time (প্রতিদিন) - In the long run, hard work pays off. In full swing - At its highest level of activity (তার সর্বোচ্চ স্তরে) - The festival is in full swing. In the right place at the right time - To be lucky and have an opportunity (ভাগ্যের অফুরন্ত অস্তিত্ব আছে) - She was in the right place at the right time to meet the director. In the same breath - In the same moment or context (একই মুখে বা পরিস্থিতিতে) - He praised her in the same breath he criticized her work. In the dark - Uninformed (অজ্ঞাত) - She's in the dark about the changes in the company. In the loop - Informed about events or changes (সচেতন) - Keep me in the loop about the project updates. In the nick of time - Just in time (সময়ে) - He arrived in the nick of time for the interview. In the red - Financially losing (লাভের দিকে না) - The company is in the red this year. In the long run - Eventually (পরিবর্তন হয়) - succeed J Jump the gun - To start something too soon (অগ্রগতি করা) - They jumped the gun by announcing the project before it was confirmed. Just around the corner - Very soon (খুব তাড়াতাড়ি) - The weekend is just around the corner; hang in there! Jump on the bandwagon - To join others in doing something popular (লোকজনের সঙ্গে যোগ দেওয়া) - Many companies jumped on the bandwagon of using social media for marketing. Jaw-dropping - Surprising or shocking (আশ্চর্যজনক বা আকর্ষণীয়) - The magician's performance was jaw-dropping. Judge a book by its cover - To form an opinion based on appearance (মুখের দেখতে নিশ্চয়তা গ্রহণ করা) - Don't judge a book by its cover; he's actually very talented. Jog someone's memory - To help someone remember something (মনে আসানো সাহায্য করা) - Showing her a photo helped jog her memory about the event. Jinxed - Unlucky or cursed (অদৃষ্ট) - Every time he plays, he feels jinxed. Jump ship - To leave a job or organization suddenly (পড়ে প্রতিষ্ঠান বা সংস্থা থেকে ছেড়ে যেতে) - Several employees jumped ship when they heard about the layoffs. Just what the doctor ordered - Exactly what is needed (ঠিকমত) - A vacation is just what the doctor ordered after a stressful week. Juggle something - To handle multiple tasks or responsibilities at the same time (একই সময়ে পরিচালনা করা) - She's trying to juggle work and family responsibilities.

Phrase and Idioms for Speaking Test K Kick the bucket - To die (মারা যাওয়া) - Sadly, the old man kicked the bucket last night. Keep your chin up - To remain positive in a difficult situation (কঠিন পরিস্থিতিতে ইতিবাচক থাকা) - Keep your chin up; things will get better soon. Knock on wood - To avoid bad luck (অমঙ্গলের এড়াতে) - The weather has been great, knock on wood. Keep an eye on - To watch or monitor carefully (সতর্কভাবে নজর রাখা) - Can you keep an eye on my bag while I go to the restroom? Kick off - To start something (কিছু শুরু করা) - The meeting will kick off at 10 AM. Know the ropes - To be familiar with how something works (কিভাবে কিছু কাজ করে তা পরিচিত হওয়া) - She knows the ropes after working here for five years. Knee-jerk reaction - An automatic or quick response (স্বয়ংক্রিয় বা দ্রুত প্রতিক্রিয়া) - His decision was a knee-jerk reaction to the criticism. Keep your fingers crossed - To hope for a good outcome (ভাল ফলাফলের আশা করা) - Keep your fingers crossed that we win the game. Knock it out of the park - To do something exceptionally well (অসাধারণভাবে কিছু করা) - Her presentation really knocked it out of the park. Keep a low profile - To avoid attracting attention (দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ এড়াতে) - He prefers to keep a low profile and stay out of the spotlight. L Last straw - The final annoyance that causes someone to lose patience (শেষ স্ত্রাব) - His lateness was the last straw for his boss. Let the cat out of the bag - To reveal a secret (রহস্য ফাঁস করা) - She accidentally let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party. Lost cause - A hopeless situation or case (অকৃত্রিম) - Trying to fix that old car is a lost cause. Like a fish out of water - Feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings (অপরিচিত অবস্থায় অস্বাভাবিক অনুভব) - He was like a fish out of water at the fancy dinner party. Live and learn - To gain knowledge from experience (অভিজ্ঞান থেকে জ্ঞান প্রাপ্ত করা) - I didn't know that before; live and learn! Laughing stock - Someone or something that is ridiculed or laughed at (হাস্যকর বা নির্লজ্জতা) - After his clumsy fall, he became the laughing stock of the office. Let sleeping dogs lie - To avoid restarting a conflict (সমস্যা নিতে না নিতে যাওয়া) - It's better to let sleeping dogs lie than to bring up old arguments. Light at the end of the tunnel - Hope or relief after a long period of difficulty (কাঠামোর শেষে আলো) - Finally, there's light at the end of the tunnel in this project. Leave no stone unturned - To make every possible effort (সম্ভব প্রচেষ্টা করা) - They left no stone unturned in their search for the missing child. Learn the ropes - To learn how to do a job or task (একটি কাজ বা কাজ করা শেখা) - He's new here; he'll need some time to learn the ropes. Look before you leap - To think carefully about the possible results before doing something (কোন কাজের পূর্বে চিন্তা করা) - Look before you leap; don't make a hasty decision. Long shot - A very unlikely possibility (অত্যন্ত অসম্ভব সম্ভাবনা) - Winning the lottery is a long shot. Love at first sight - Falling in love immediately upon meeting someone (প্রথম দর্শনে ভালোবাসা) - It was love at first sight when they met. Live and let live - To accept others' differences and choices (অন্যের পরিবর্তন এবং পছন্দ গ্রহণ করা) - His motto is live and let live. Lower your voice - To speak more quietly (আরামদায়ক ভাষায় কথা বলা) - Lower your voice; we're in a library. Lend a hand - To help someone (কাউকে সাহায্য করা) - Can you lend a hand with these boxes? Let bygones be bygones - To forget about past conflicts or mistakes (অতীতের সমস্যা বা ভুল ভুল ভুল মিটিয়ে দেওয়া) - It's time to let bygones be bygones and move forward. Lost in translation - Misunderstood or not accurately conveyed (অনুবাদে হারিয়ে গেছে) - Some jokes are lost in translation. Learn the hard way - To learn from experience, often through making mistakes (অভিজ্ঞান থেকে শিখা) - He learned the hard way that procrastination leads to trouble. Lock horns - To argue or fight (আলোচনা বা লড়াইয়ে পরিণত হওয়া) - The two politicians locked horns over the new policy. M Make a long story short - To summarize briefly (সংক্ষেপে বলা) - Make a long story short, we decided to go with the blue paint. Make ends meet - To manage financially (অর্থমুক্ত থাকা) - It's hard to make ends meet on minimum wage. Mind your own business - To not interfere in someone else's affairs (নিজের কাজে মনোযোগ দিতে) - She told him to mind his own business. More than meets the eye - Hidden details or complexities (চেহারার পরের বিস্তারিত বা জটিলতা) - The situation is more than meets the eye. March to the beat of your own drum - To do things your own way (নিজের মতে কাজ করা) - She always marches to the beat of her own drum. Miss the boat - To miss an opportunity (সুযোগ হারানো) - I missed the boat on buying those concert tickets; they sold out. Make hay while the sun shines - To take advantage of an opportunity (সূর্য প্রকাশ পাওয়া সময় উপযুক্ত কাজ করা) - Let's make hay while the sun shines and finish this project. Mum's the word - To keep something secret (গোপন রাখা) - Mum's the word about the surprise party, okay? Make a mountain out of a molehill - To exaggerate a small problem (একটি ছোট সমস্যার উচ্চাকাঙ্খা করা) - Don't make a mountain out of a molehill; it's just a minor issue. Make waves - To cause trouble or controversy (সমস্যা বা বিতর্ক সৃষ্টি করা) - Her comments made waves at the meeting. Middle of nowhere - A remote or isolated location (কোনও একত্র জায়গা) - Their house is in the middle of nowhere. Money talks - Wealth has influence and power (টাকা কথা বলে) - Unfortunately, in politics, money talks. My hands are tied - I am unable to help or act (আমার হাত বেঁধে গেছে) - Sorry, my hands are tied regarding this decision. Make the grade - To meet the required standards (প্রয়োজনীয় মান অনুযায়ী পরিশোধ করা) - She studied hard to make the grade on her exams. Make peace - To reconcile or resolve conflicts (মধুশান বা সমস্যা বাতিল করা) - It's time to make peace with your brother. Monkey business - Mischievous or deceitful behavior (ছাগল পাচা) - There's been some monkey business going on in the office lately. Move the goalposts - To change the rules or requirements during a process (প্রয়োজনীয় নির্দেশ করা) - They keep moving the goalposts on this project. Moot point - A point that is debatable or irrelevant (বিতর্কযোগ্য বা অপ্রয়োজনীয় পয়েন্ট) - Whether to paint the walls blue or green is a moot point now that we're moving. Mouth-watering - Very appealing or attractive (খুব আকর্ষণীয়) - The menu had some mouth-watering options. Make a killing - To earn a large amount of money (একটি বড় পরিমাণ টাকা উপার্জন করা) - He made a killing in the stock market last month. Miles away - Daydreaming or lost in thought (দূরে) - During class, he was miles away. Murphy's Law - Anything that can go wrong will go wrong (কোনোটা কিছু ভুলে চলে যাবে যা সম্ভব) - According to Murphy's Law, if something can go wrong, it will. Make up your mind - To make a decision (নির্ণয় করা) - Please make up your mind about which movie you want to see. Muddy the waters - To make a situation more confusing (সংকট বা বিশদতা বৃদ্ধি করা) - His unclear explanation only muddied the waters further. Make a breakthrough - To achieve a significant advance or discovery (প্রবর্তন অর্জন করা) - Scientists made a breakthrough in cancer research. Make up for lost time - To use time productively after a period of inactivity (হারানো সময় পুনরুদ্ধার করা) - After the delay, they worked hard to make up for lost time. Make the most of - To take full advantage of something (এর সর্বশেষ প্রয়োজন) - Let's make the most of this beautiful day. Make a scene - To create a disturbance or spectacle (একটি দৃশ্য সৃষ্টি করা) - Please don't make a scene in public. Make a fuss - To complain or become upset about something minor (একটি ছোট বিষয়ে অশান্তি করা) - She made a fuss about the missing pen. Money for old rope - Easy money for little work (সরল অর্থ জন্য কাজ) - Selling those old books was money for old rope. N No pain, no gain - You need to work hard to achieve something (কোন ব্যথা, কোন প্রাপ্তি) - No pain, no gain; if you want to get fit, you have to exercise. Never say never - Don't dismiss something outright (কখনো না বলো না) - Never say never; you might change your mind. Not my cup of tea - Something you don't like or enjoy (আমার চাবি নয়) - Jazz music is not my cup of tea; I prefer rock. Nip something in the bud - To stop a problem before it becomes worse (কোন সমস্যার সামনেই তা বার করা) - It's best to nip it in the bud before it gets out of hand. Nest egg - Savings or investments for the future (ভবিষ্যতের জন্য সঞ্চয়) - She's been building her nest egg for retirement. Not hold water - To be illogical or invalid (অযুক্তিক) - His argument does not hold water upon closer inspection. Needle in a haystack - Something extremely difficult to find (খুব বা কিছু খুঁজতে) - Finding a reliable mechanic is like finding a needle in a haystack. Nose to the grindstone - Working hard and diligently (শ্রমিক) - She's got her nose to the grindstone to finish the project on time. Naked eye - Without the aid of a telescope or microscope (বিনা টেলিস্কোপ বা মাইক্রোস্কোপের সাহায্যে) - You can see the stars with the naked eye on a clear night. Nine-to-five - A regular and typical work schedule (৫ মিনিট) - She works a nine-to-five job in the office. Not the sharpest tool in the shed - Not very intelligent (খুব মেজাজে হোলে তাদের) - He's nice, but he's not the sharpest tool in the shed. No stone unturned - To make every effort (প্রয়োজনীয় প্রচেষ্টা করা) - They turned over every stone to find the missing keys. Nosebleed seats - Seats far from the stage or action (দূরের অধিনায়ক) - We got nosebleed seats for the concert, but at least we're in! Near and dear - Close and important (নিকট এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ) - Family and friends are near and dear to me. Nitty-gritty - The essential details or practical aspects (প্রাথমিক মুখসুমু) - Let's get down to the nitty-gritty of the contract. Not in the least - Not at all (একটুও না) - He was not in the least interested in attending the meeting. No hard feelings - No resentment or ill will (অস্বস্তিত্ব বা কষ্ট হত্যা নাই) - I hope there are no hard feelings about what happened. Nail in the coffin - Something that leads to failure or the end of something (হাতাহাতি) - The bad review was the nail in the coffin for the restaurant. Name of the game - The essential point or objective (মুখ্য বা উদ্দেশ্য) - Efficiency is the name of the game in this industry. Narrow escape - A close call or barely avoiding danger (কোনো বিপদ বা যান্ত্রিক) - It was a narrow escape from the burning building. Not one's cup of tea - Something that one doesn't enjoy or prefer (তার একটি চাবি নয়) - Action movies are not his cup of tea; he prefers comedies. No-brainer - Something that requires little thought or effort (কোনো চিন্তা অথবা প্রয়াসের প্রয়োজন নেই) - Choosing the healthier option was a no-brainer. Not up to par - Not meeting the expected standard (প্রত্যাশিত মান না পূর্ণ হওয়া) - His performance was not up to par with the rest of the team. Neck and neck - Very close or even in a competition (খুব প্রায়) - The two runners are neck and neck as they approach the finish line. New lease on life - A fresh start or opportunity (একটি নতুন সাথে) - Starting this new job feels like a new lease on life. Nothing to sneeze at - Something significant or noteworthy (অনুমানিত দাম) - A raise in salary is nothing to sneeze at. Night owl - A person who stays up late (রাত্রি পাখি) - He's a night owl; he works best in the late hours. No-go - Something that is not possible or allowed (নকল বা সম্ভব না) - The plan to travel was a no-go due to the storm. Not all there - Not mentally or emotionally stable (মানসিক কর্কশ) - After the accident, he wasn't all there. Nothing ventured, nothing gained - You have to take risks to achieve something (কোন ঝুঁকি, কোন লাভ) - Nothing ventured, nothing gained; you should apply for the job. O 1.      On cloud nine - Extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি) - She was on cloud nine after hearing the good news. 2.      Out of the blue - Unexpectedly (অপ্রত্যাশিতভাবে) - The news came out of the blue. 3.      Once in a blue moon - Very rarely (খুব কম ঘটে এমন) - He only goes to the cinema once in a blue moon. 4.      On the ball - Alert and knowledgeable (সতর্ক এবং জ্ঞানী) - You need to be on the ball to succeed in this job. 5.      Off the hook - Free from blame or responsibility (দায়িত্ব বা দোষ থেকে মুক্ত) - The teacher let him off the hook for being late. 6.      On thin ice - In a risky or uncertain situation (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ বা অনিশ্চিত অবস্থায়) - He's on thin ice after missing another deadline. 7.      Over the moon - Extremely happy (অত্যন্ত খুশি) - She was over the moon about her promotion. 8.      Out of the frying pan into the fire - From a bad situation to a worse one (একটি খারাপ অবস্থা থেকে আরও খারাপ অবস্থায়) - Quitting his job without another lined up was like jumping out of the frying pan into the fire. 9.      On the fence - Undecided (অনির্ধারিত) - She's still on the fence about which college to attend. 10. Out of order - Not functioning properly (সঠিকভাবে কাজ করছে না) - The vending machine is out of order. 11. Once in a lifetime - Very rare or unique (খুব বিরল বা অনন্য) - The trip to Antarctica was a once in a lifetime experience. 12. Off the record - Not for official publication or disclosure (অফিশিয়াল প্রকাশ বা প্রকাশের জন্য নয়) - He told me something off the record. 13. On the same page - In agreement (একই মতামতে) - We're finally on the same page about the project. 14. Out of sight, out of mind - Forgotten when not seen (চোখের আড়াল, মনের বাইরে) - Once he moved away, he was out of sight, out of mind. 15. On pins and needles - Anxious or nervous (উদ্বিগ্ন বা নার্ভাস) - She was on pins and needles waiting for the test results. 16. Over the top - Excessive or exaggerated (অত্যধিক বা অতিরঞ্জিত) - His reaction was over the top. 17. Out of pocket - Expenses paid personally (ব্যক্তিগতভাবে প্রদেয় খরচ) - She was out of pocket after buying all the supplies. 18. On the tip of my tongue - Almost remembered (মুখের টিপে) - Her name is on the tip of my tongue. 19. Off the cuff - Without preparation (প্রস্তুতি ছাড়া) - He gave an off the cuff speech at the event. 20. Out of the loop - Not informed (জানানো নয়) - I was out of the loop on the latest updates. 21. On the mend - Recovering (পুনরুদ্ধার) - He's been ill, but he's on the mend now. 22. Out of the question - Impossible (অসম্ভব) - Skipping the meeting is out of the question. 23. On the brink - On the verge of something (কিছুর প্রান্তে) - They were on the brink of disaster. 24. Out of breath - Breathing heavily (শ্বাস নেওয়ার ক্লান্তি) - She was out of breath after running up the stairs. 25. On a roll - Experiencing success (সফলতা পাচ্ছে) - He's on a roll with his recent achievements. 26. Out of sorts - Feeling unwell (অসুস্থ বোধ) - She's been out of sorts since the morning. 27. On the dot - Exactly on time (ঠিক সময়ে) - The meeting started at 9 AM on the dot. 28. Out of the woods - Free from difficulties (কঠিনতা থেকে মুক্ত) - She's recovering well and is finally out of the woods. 29. Over one's head - Too difficult to understand (অনুধাবনের জন্য অত্যধিক কঠিন) - The lecture was over my head. 30. On the horizon - Likely to happen soon (শীঘ্রই ঘটবে) - There's a big change on the horizon for the company. P 1.      Piece of cake - Something very easy (খুব সহজ কিছু) - The exam was a piece of cake for her. 2.      Put your best foot forward - To make a great effort (সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করা) - When starting a new job, it's important to put your best foot forward. 3.      Pull someone's leg - To tease or joke with someone (কাউকে মজা করা) - Are you serious or just pulling my leg? 4.      Paint the town red - To go out and enjoy oneself flamboyantly (উল্লাস করে বাইরে বের হওয়া) - Let's paint the town red to celebrate your birthday! 5.      Penny for your thoughts - Asking someone what they are thinking (তোমার চিন্তাগুলো কেমন?) - You've been quiet for a while; penny for your thoughts? 6.      Play it by ear - To decide how to deal with a situation as it develops (পরিস্থিতির উপর ভিত্তি করে সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া) - We don't have a plan yet; let's just play it by ear. 7.      Put the cart before the horse - To do things in the wrong order (ভুল ক্রমে কাজ করা) - Planning the celebration before getting the promotion is like putting the cart before the horse. 8.      Pull out all the stops - To make every effort to achieve something (সর্বোচ্চ চেষ্টা করা) - They pulled out all the stops to make the event successful. 9.      Put two and two together - To figure something out (কিছু বের করা) - When he saw the empty house and the packed suitcases, he put two and two together. 10. Pass the buck - To shift responsibility to someone else (দায়িত্ব অন্যের কাছে স্থানান্তর করা) - Stop trying to pass the buck and take responsibility for your actions. 11. Pot calling the kettle black - Accusing someone of a fault that you yourself have (নিজের দোষ অন্যের ওপর চাপানো) - It's a case of the pot calling the kettle black when he criticizes her punctuality. 12. Pull the wool over someone's eyes - To deceive someone (কাউকে ধোঁকা দেওয়া) - He tried to pull the wool over my eyes, but I wasn't fooled. 13. Put your money where your mouth is - To back up words with action or investment (কথার সাথে কাজ মেলানো) - If you think it's a good idea, put your money where your mouth is. 14. Pass the hat around - To collect money from a group of people (অর্থ সংগ্রহ করা) - We passed the hat around to buy a gift for the teacher. 15. Push the envelope - To go beyond the limits of what is normally done (সীমা অতিক্রম করা) - The artist pushed the envelope with her latest installation. 16. Pull the plug - To stop something from continuing (কিছু বন্ধ করা) - The company pulled the plug on the project due to budget cuts. 17. Put your foot in your mouth - To say something embarrassing (বিব্রতকর কিছু বলা) - He put his foot in his mouth when he asked about her ex-husband. 18. Play second fiddle - To be in a subordinate position (অধীনস্থ অবস্থানে থাকা) - She was tired of playing second fiddle to her older sister. 19. Put the brakes on - To slow down or stop an activity (কোনো কাজ ধীর করা বা বন্ধ করা) - The government decided to put the brakes on the new policy implementation. 20. Pull strings - To use influence to get something done (প্রভাব ব্যবহার করা) - He managed to get the tickets by pulling a few strings. 21. Put up or shut up - To take action or stop talking about it (কাজ করো বা চুপ করো) - It's time to put up or shut up about your plans for the business. 22. Paddle one's own canoe - To be independent and self-sufficient (স্বাধীন এবং স্বনির্ভর হওয়া) - She's been paddling her own canoe since she moved out. 23. Pay through the nose - To pay a very high price (খুব বেশি দাম পরিশোধ করা) - We had to pay through the nose for the last-minute flight tickets. 24. Pass the baton - To transfer responsibility (দায়িত্ব হস্তান্তর করা) - The CEO passed the baton to his successor. 25. Pull no punches - To speak frankly and directly (স্পষ্টভাবে এবং সরাসরি কথা বলা) - She pulled no punches in her critique of the movie. 26. Put on airs - To act superior or pretentious (উচ্চ বা আড়ম্বরপূর্ণ অভিনয় করা) - He started putting on airs after his promotion. 27. Put out feelers - To make preliminary inquiries (প্রাথমিক অনুসন্ধান করা) - We put out feelers to see if there was any interest in our new product. 28. Play hard to get - To pretend to be uninterested (অনাগ্রহী ভান করা) - She decided to play hard to get to see if he was really interested. 29. Pull the rug out from under someone - To suddenly withdraw support (সমর্থন হঠাৎ প্রত্যাহার করা) - The funding was cut, pulling the rug out from under us. 30. Put a damper on - To lessen enthusiasm or enjoyment (উত্সাহ বা আনন্দ হ্রাস করা) - The rainy weather put a damper on our picnic plans. Q 1.      Quick on the draw - Quick to react or respond (দ্রুত প্রতিক্রিয়া বা প্রতিউত্তর দিতে সক্ষম) - He was quick on the draw with his witty comeback. 2.      Queer the pitch - To ruin or spoil a plan (একটি পরিকল্পনা নষ্ট বা ব্যর্থ করা) - Her unexpected arrival queered the pitch for their surprise party. 3.      Quick fix - An easy and temporary solution (সহজ এবং সাময়িক সমাধান) - Using tape to mend the pipe is just a quick fix. 4.      Quitting time - The end of the workday (কাজের দিনের শেষ সময়) - As soon as it hit quitting time, everyone rushed out of the office. 5.      Quality time - Time spent giving someone one's full attention (গুণমান সময়, সম্পূর্ণ মনোযোগ দেওয়া) - He spent some quality time with his family over the weekend. 6.      Quid pro quo - Something given in return for something else (কিছু বিনিময়ে কিছু দেওয়া) - The agreement was a simple quid pro quo. 7.      Question mark - Something that is uncertain or doubtful (অনিশ্চিত বা সন্দেহজনক কিছু) - The future of the project remains a question mark. 8.      Quiet as a mouse - Very quiet (খুব শান্ত) - The children were quiet as a mouse during the movie. 9.      Quick and dirty - Done hastily and without attention to detail (দ্রুত এবং খুঁটিনাটি বিবেচনা না করে করা) - It was a quick and dirty solution, but it worked. 10. Quarrel with bread and butter - To argue about something vital to one's livelihood (জীবিকার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কিছু নিয়ে তর্ক করা) - Don't quarrel with your bread and butter; you need this job. R 1.      Rain check - A promise to do something later (পরে করার প্রতিশ্রুতি) - I'll take a rain check on dinner; I have to work late tonight. 2.      Right off the bat - Immediately (তাৎক্ষণিক) - She knew the answer right off the bat. 3.      Raise the bar - To set a higher standard (উচ্চ মান স্থাপন করা) - His outstanding performance has raised the bar for everyone. 4.      Rock the boat - To cause trouble or disrupt a situation (ঝামেলা বা বিশৃঙ্খলা সৃষ্টি করা) - Don't rock the boat; we need everything to run smoothly. 5.      Red tape - Excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules (অতিরিক্ত আমলাতান্ত্রিকতা বা নিয়মের প্রতি অতিরিক্ত আনুগত্য) - We had to go through a lot of red tape to get the permits. 6.      Read between the lines - To understand the hidden meaning (গোপন অর্থ বোঝা) - You need to read between the lines to understand his message. 7.      Raining cats and dogs - Raining very heavily (মুষলধারে বৃষ্টি হওয়া) - It's raining cats and dogs outside. 8.      Run out of steam - To lose energy or enthusiasm (শক্তি বা উৎসাহ হারানো) - Halfway through the project, we ran out of steam. 9.      Ring a bell - To sound familiar (পরিচিত শোনানো) - That name rings a bell; I think I've heard it before. 10. Roll up one's sleeves - To prepare to work hard (কঠোর পরিশ্রমের জন্য প্রস্তুতি নেওয়া) - It's time to roll up our sleeves and get to work. 11. Rule of thumb - A general principle derived from practice (অনুশীলন থেকে প্রাপ্ত সাধারণ নীতি) - As a rule of thumb, we start meetings on time. 12. Run-of-the-mill - Ordinary, not special (সাধারণ, বিশেষ কিছু নয়) - The restaurant was just run-of-the-mill; nothing impressive. 13. Rough around the edges - Not perfect, but still acceptable (অপূর্ণ, কিন্তু এখনও গ্রহণযোগ্য) - The plan is still rough around the edges, but it's workable. 14. Rub someone the wrong way - To irritate or annoy someone (কাউকে বিরক্ত বা উত্তেজিত করা) - His comments really rubbed me the wrong way. 15. Round the clock - All day and night without stopping (দিন-রাত নিরবচ্ছিন্নভাবে) - The team worked round the clock to meet the deadline. 16. Rise and shine - Wake up and get out of bed (জাগো এবং ওঠো) - Rise and shine; it's a beautiful day outside. 17. Run the risk - To take the chance of something negative happening (কোনো নেতিবাচক ঘটনার সম্ভাবনা গ্রহণ করা) - If you don't prepare, you run the risk of failing. 18. Read someone like a book - To understand someone very well (কারোকে খুব ভালোভাবে বোঝা) - I can read you like a book; I know when you're upset. 19. Rock-bottom - The lowest possible level (সর্বনিম্ন পর্যায়) - The company's stocks hit rock-bottom after the scandal. 20. Rack one's brain - To try very hard to remember or think of something (কিছু মনে করার বা চিন্তা করার জন্য খুব চেষ্টা করা) - I've been racking my brain trying to remember his name. 21. Red herring - Something that distracts from the main issue (প্রধান বিষয় থেকে মনোযোগ সরানোর কিছু) - The mystery novel was full of red herrings to mislead the reader. 22. Rise to the occasion - To perform well in response to a special situation (বিশেষ পরিস্থিতিতে ভালোভাবে কাজ করা) - She really rose to the occasion during the crisis. 23. Run in the family - To be a common trait in a family (পরিবারে সাধারণ বৈশিষ্ট্য হওয়া) - Artistic talent seems to run in the family. 24. Rest on one's laurels - To be satisfied with past achievements (পূর্ববর্তী সাফল্যে সন্তুষ্ট থাকা) - You can't rest on your laurels; there's always more to achieve. 25. Rule the roost - To be in charge or dominate (নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা বা প্রভাবিত করা) - In our house, it's my mother who rules the roost. 26. Rub elbows with - To associate or mix with (সহযোগিতা বা মিশ্রিত হওয়া) - At the conference, you'll rub elbows with industry leaders. 27. Raining on someone's parade - To spoil someone's plans (কারো পরিকল্পনা নষ্ট করা) - I hate to rain on your parade, but the event has been canceled. 28. Read the riot act - To reprimand someone severely (কারোকে কঠোরভাবে ভর্ত্সনা করা) - The boss read the riot act to the employees who were late. 29. Raise eyebrows - To cause surprise or shock (আশ্চর্য বা ধাক্কা সৃষ্টি করা) - His unusual outfit raised a few eyebrows at the party. 30. Rags to riches - From poverty to wealth (দারিদ্র্য থেকে সম্পদে যাত্রা) - His story is a classic rags to riches tale. S 1.      Spill the beans - Reveal a secret (গোপন কথা ফাঁস করা) - Don't spill the beans about the surprise party! 2.      Sit on the fence - Remain neutral (নিরপেক্ষ থাকা) - He's sitting on the fence about which candidate to support. 3.      Straight from the horse's mouth - From a reliable source (বিশ্বস্ত সূত্র থেকে) - I heard it straight from the horse's mouth. 4.      See eye to eye - Agree completely (সম্পূর্ণ একমত হওয়া) - They finally see eye to eye on the issue. 5.      Shoot for the stars - Aim high (উচ্চ লক্ষ্য স্থাপন করা) - Always shoot for the stars in your career. 6.      Stab in the back - Betrayal (বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা) - I felt like she stabbed me in the back when she took credit for my idea. 7.      Shake a leg - Hurry up (তাড়াতাড়ি কর) - Shake a leg, or we'll be late! 8.      Step up to the plate - Take responsibility (দায়িত্ব নেওয়া) - It's time to step up to the plate and lead the team. 9.      Sleep on it - Think about something overnight (একটি বিষয় নিয়ে রাতভর চিন্তা করা) - I need to sleep on it before making a decision. 10. Skeleton in the closet - A hidden secret (গোপন কিছু) - Everyone has a skeleton in the closet. 11. See the light - Understand something clearly (কিছু স্পষ্টভাবে বোঝা) - After the explanation, he finally saw the light. 12. Speak of the devil - When someone appears while being talked about (কাউকে নিয়ে কথা বলার সময় হঠাৎ তার আগমন) - Speak of the devil, here he comes! 13. Sit tight - Wait patiently (অপেক্ষা কর) - Just sit tight until we hear more news. 14. Swim against the tide - Go against prevailing opinion (প্রচলিত মতের বিরুদ্ধে যাওয়া) - She's always swimming against the tide with her unconventional ideas. 15. Stuck in a rut - Trapped in a monotonous routine (একঘেয়েমির মধ্যে আটকে যাওয়া) - He feels stuck in a rut with his current job. 16. Strike while the iron is hot - Take advantage of an opportunity immediately (তৎক্ষণাৎ সুযোগের সদ্ব্যবহার করা) - You should strike while the iron is hot and apply for the job now. 17. Sell like hot cakes - Sell very quickly (খুব দ্রুত বিক্রি হওয়া) - The new game is selling like hot cakes. 18. Steal the show - Attract the most attention (সর্বাধিক মনোযোগ আকর্ষণ করা) - Her performance stole the show at the concert. 19. Stay on your toes - Be alert (সতর্ক থাকা) - You need to stay on your toes in this fast-paced job. 20. Skeleton staff - The minimum number of people needed (নূন্যতম কর্মী সংখ্যা) - Only a skeleton staff is working during the holidays. 21. Sow the seeds - Initiate a process (প্রক্রিয়া শুরু করা) - She sowed the seeds of change in the organization. 22. Smell a rat - Suspect something is wrong (কিছু ভুল সন্দেহ করা) - I smell a rat; something is not right here. 23. Split hairs - Argue about small details (ছোটখাট বিষয় নিয়ে তর্ক করা) - Stop splitting hairs and get to the point. 24. Saved by the bell - Rescued from a difficult situation at the last moment (শেষ মুহূর্তে কঠিন পরিস্থিতি থেকে উদ্ধার পাওয়া) - He was saved by the bell when the meeting ended early. 25. Storm in a teacup - A lot of fuss over a small matter (ছোট বিষয়ে অনেক বাড়াবাড়ি) - It's just a storm in a teacup; don't worry about it. 26. Safe and sound - Free from danger or injury (সুস্থ এবং নিরাপদ) - They returned from their trip safe and sound. 27. Set the ball rolling - Start an activity (কোনো কার্যক্রম শুরু করা) - Let's set the ball rolling on this project. 28. Sink or swim - Succeed or fail without help (সাহায্য ছাড়া সফল বা ব্যর্থ হওয়া) - When he started his business, it was sink or swim. 29. See eye to eye - Agree completely (সম্পূর্ণ একমত হওয়া) - We don't always see eye to eye, but we respect each other. 30. Spick and span - Very clean and tidy (খুব পরিষ্কার এবং পরিচ্ছন্ন) - The house was spick and span for the guests. T 1.      Take the bull by the horns - Face a difficult situation bravely (কঠিন পরিস্থিতির সাহসিকতার সাথে মুখোমুখি হওয়া) - She decided to take the bull by the horns and confront her boss. 2.      Turn a blind eye - Ignore something intentionally (ইচ্ছাকৃতভাবে কিছু উপেক্ষা করা) - The teacher turned a blind eye to the minor misbehavior. 3.      Throw in the towel - Give up; surrender (হার মেনে নেওয়া) - After months of struggling, he finally threw in the towel. 4.      Tip of the iceberg - A small part of a larger problem (বড় সমস্যার একটি ছোট অংশ) - The complaints are just the tip of the iceberg. 5.      Time flies - Time passes quickly (সময় দ্রুত চলে যায়) - Time flies when you're having fun. 6.      Touch base - Briefly make contact (সংক্ষেপে যোগাযোগ করা) - Let's touch base next week to finalize the plans. 7.      Throw caution to the wind - Take a risk (ঝুঁকি নেওয়া) - They decided to throw caution to the wind and invest in the startup. 8.      Take it easy - Relax (আরাম করা) - After a long week, he just wanted to take it easy. 9.      The ball is in your court - It's your decision (এখন আপনার সিদ্ধান্ত) - I've done my part; now the ball is in your court. 10. Turn the tables - Reverse the situation (পরিস্থিতি পাল্টানো) - She managed to turn the tables and win the game. 11. Take with a grain of salt - View with skepticism (সন্দেহের সাথে দেখা) - You should take his advice with a grain of salt. 12. Throw in the towel - Give up (হার মেনে নেওয়া) - After failing the test twice, he decided to throw in the towel. 13. The tip of the iceberg - A small part of a larger problem (বড় সমস্যার একটি ছোট অংশ) - These issues are just the tip of the iceberg. 14. Turn a deaf ear - Ignore (উপেক্ষা করা) - He turned a deaf ear to their complaints. 15. Take the plunge - Commit to a risky action (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ কাজের জন্য প্রতিজ্ঞাবদ্ধ হওয়া) - They decided to take the plunge and get married. 16. Throw your hat in the ring - Declare candidacy or interest (প্রার্থীতা বা আগ্রহ ঘোষণা করা) - She decided to throw her hat in the ring for the election. 17. Take someone to task - Criticize or scold (সমালোচনা বা তিরস্কার করা) - The manager took him to task for his poor performance. 18. Through thick and thin - In good times and bad (ভাল এবং খারাপ সময়ে) - They've been friends through thick and thin. 19. Take it with a grain of salt - View skeptically (সন্দেহের সাথে দেখা) - You should take his promises with a grain of salt. 20. Throw the baby out with the bathwater - Discard something valuable along with something undesirable (অপ্রয়োজনীয় জিনিসের সাথে প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস ফেলে দেওয়া) - Let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater; we can fix the problem without changing everything. 21. The last straw - The final problem in a series (চূড়ান্ত সমস্যা) - His rude comment was the last straw. 22. Take a rain check - Postpone an invitation (নিমন্ত্রণ স্থগিত করা) - I'll have to take a rain check on dinner tonight. 23. Turn over a new leaf - Make a fresh start (নতুন করে শুরু করা) - He promised to turn over a new leaf and work harder. 24. The early bird catches the worm - Success comes to those who prepare well (প্রস্তুতি যারা ভালভাবে করে, তারা সফল হয়) - Remember, the early bird catches the worm. 25. Take to heart - Take seriously (গুরুত্বের সাথে নেওয়া) - She took his advice to heart and changed her habits. 26. Throw cold water on - Discourage (হতাশ করা) - He threw cold water on her plans to start a business. 27. Take the wind out of someone's sails - Make someone feel less confident (কারো আত্মবিশ্বাস হ্রাস করা) - His harsh critique took the wind out of her sails. 28. Think outside the box - Be creative (সৃজনশীল হওয়া) - We need to think outside the box to solve this problem. 29. Turn a new page - Begin again (পুনরায় শুরু করা) - After the apology, they decided to turn a new page in their relationship. 30. The whole nine yards - Everything possible (সবকিছু) - They went the whole nine yards for their wedding celebration. U 1.      Under the weather - Feeling ill (অসুস্থ অনুভব করা) - She's under the weather and won't be coming to work today. 2.      Up in the air - Uncertain (অনিশ্চিত) - Our vacation plans are still up in the air. 3.      Use your head - Think sensibly (বুদ্ধি খাটানো) - Use your head and make a wise decision. 4.      Under one's nose - Clearly visible but unnoticed (সামনেই কিন্তু নজরে না পড়া) - The solution was right under your nose all along. 5.      Up to par - Meeting the expected standard (প্রত্যাশিত মানের) - Her performance was not up to par this time. 6.      Under the gun - Under pressure (চাপে থাকা) - He's really under the gun to finish the project by Friday. 7.      Up to speed - Fully informed or up to date (সম্পূর্ণভাবে অবগত বা হালনাগাদ) - Before the meeting, make sure you're up to speed with the latest developments. 8.      Under the radar - Not detected or noticed (গোপনে থাকা) - He managed to stay under the radar and avoid trouble. 9.      Up in arms - Very angry or upset (খুব রাগান্বিত বা উত্তেজিত) - The community is up in arms over the proposed new highway. 10. Under the microscope - Being examined very closely (খুব কাছ থেকে পরীক্ষা করা হচ্ছে) - The company's finances are under the microscope after the audit. 11. Up for grabs - Available for anyone to take (যে কেউ নিতে পারে) - The last piece of cake is up for grabs. 12. Under wraps - Secret; not to be disclosed (গোপন; প্রকাশ না করার জন্য) - The details of the project are still under wraps. 13. Up to the mark - Meeting the required standard (প্রয়োজনীয় মান পূরণ করা) - Her work is always up to the mark. 14. Under one's belt - Achieved or experienced (অর্জিত বা অভিজ্ঞ) - With three successful projects under his belt, he was ready for the new challenge. 15. Up the ante - Increase the stakes or demands (দাবি বা পণ বাড়ানো) - To win the contract, they decided to up the ante and offer more services. V Vanish into thin air - Disappear completely (সম্পূর্ণভাবে অদৃশ্য হওয়া) - The magician made the rabbit vanish into thin air. Variety is the spice of life - Diversity makes life interesting (বৈচিত্র্য জীবনকে আকর্ষণীয় করে তোলে) - Traveling to different countries shows that variety is the spice of life. Voice of reason - Someone who provides sensible advice (যিনি যুক্তিসঙ্গত পরামর্শ দেন) - In the heated discussion, she was the voice of reason. Vent one's spleen - Express anger (রাগ প্রকাশ করা) - After the argument, he needed to vent his spleen to calm down. Vote of confidence - Show of approval or support (সমর্থনের প্রদর্শন) - The team's win was a vote of confidence in their new coach. Vested interest - Personal stake or involvement (ব্যক্তিগত স্বার্থ বা সম্পৃক্ততা) - He has a vested interest in the success of the project. Viable option - A feasible or practical choice (বাস্তবসম্মত বা ব্যবহারিক পছন্দ) - We need to find a viable option to solve this problem. Vicious circle - A situation in which the solution to one problem creates another problem (একটি সমস্যার সমাধান করতে গিয়ে অন্য সমস্যা তৈরি হওয়া) - Debt and poverty often create a vicious circle. Varied experience - Having diverse experiences (বৈচিত্র্যময় অভিজ্ঞতা) - Her varied experience makes her a great candidate for the job. Vanishing point - The point at which something disappears or ceases to exist (যে বিন্দুতে কিছু অদৃশ্য বা অস্তিত্বহীন হয়ে যায়) - The hikers disappeared into the vanishing point of the horizon. Vouch for - To confirm or guarantee (নিশ্চিত করা বা গ্যারান্টি দেওয়া) - I can vouch for his honesty. Vital signs - Essential indications of life (জীবনের মৌলিক লক্ষণ) - The doctor checked her vital signs. Virtue is its own reward - Doing good is rewarding in itself (ভাল কাজ করাই নিজে নিজেই পুরস্কৃত) - Helping others makes me feel good because virtue is its own reward. Value for money - Worth the price paid (দাম অনুযায়ী মূল্যবান) - This car offers great value for money. Volte-face - A complete change of opinion or position (মতামত বা অবস্থানের সম্পূর্ণ পরিবর্তন) - The politician made a surprising volte-face on the issue. W Water under the bridge - Past events that are no longer important (অতীত ঘটনা যা আর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নয়) - Let's forget about our old arguments; it's all water under the bridge now. Walking on air - Very happy (খুব খুশি) - She was walking on air after hearing the good news. Wild goose chase - A futile or hopeless pursuit (অলীক বা নিরর্থক অনুসন্ধান) - Trying to find him in that big city was like a wild goose chase. Wear one's heart on one's sleeve - To show one's emotions openly (খোলাখুলি অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করা) - He's the type of person who wears his heart on his sleeve. With flying colors - With great success (বড় সফলতার সাথে) - She passed her exams with flying colors. Wolf in sheep's clothing - Someone who hides malicious intent under a facade of kindness (যে ব্যক্তি মনের খারাপ উদ্দেশ্য লুকিয়ে রাখে) - Be careful of him; he's a wolf in sheep's clothing. Weather the storm - Survive a difficult situation (কঠিন পরিস্থিতি থেকে বেঁচে থাকা) - The company managed to weather the storm of the economic downturn. Wild card - An unpredictable factor (অপ্রত্যাশিত উপাদান) - He is the wild card in this competition; you never know what he will do next. Wake-up call - An event that alerts people to a problem (কোনো সমস্যার বিষয়ে সচেতন করার ঘটনা) - The accident was a wake-up call for safer driving practices. Word of mouth - Information spread by people talking (কথার মাধ্যমে ছড়ানো তথ্য) - The restaurant became popular by word of mouth. Watch your back - Be careful of potential danger (সম্ভাব্য বিপদ সম্পর্কে সতর্ক থাকা) - In this business, you always have to watch your back. Wear and tear - Damage resulting from normal use (স্বাভাবিক ব্যবহারে ক্ষতি) - The car is in good condition except for some minor wear and tear. Win-win situation - A scenario where all parties benefit (যেখানে সবাই উপকৃত হয়) - The agreement is a win-win situation for both companies. Water off a duck's back - An insult or criticism that has no effect (কোনো প্রভাব ফেলছে না এমন অপমান বা সমালোচনা) - His comments were like water off a duck's back to her. Whole nine yards - Everything; all the way (সবকিছু; পুরোপুরি) - They went the whole nine yards for their daughter's wedding. Y You can’t judge a book by its cover - Don’t judge someone or something by appearances alone (বাহ্যিক চেহারা দেখে বিচার করা উচিত নয়) - You can't judge a book by its cover; he might look rough, but he's very kind. You bet - Certainly; of course (অবশ্যই) - Are you coming to the party? You bet! You can say that again - I completely agree (পুরোপুরি একমত) - This heat is unbearable. You can say that again. Your guess is as good as mine - I have no idea either (আমিও কিছু জানি না) - When will they arrive? Your guess is as good as mine. You reap what you sow - Your actions determine what happens to you (তোমার কাজের ফল তুমি ভোগ করবে) - If you work hard, you'll succeed. You reap what you sow. You’re barking up the wrong tree - You’re looking in the wrong place (ভুল জায়গায় খোঁজা) - If you think he's lying, you're barking up the wrong tree. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink - You can give someone an opportunity, but you can’t force them to take it (তুমি কাউকে সুযোগ দিতে পারো, কিন্তু তাকে তা গ্রহণ করতে বাধ্য করতে পারবে না) - I gave him the job offer, but he didn't accept. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. You win some, you lose some - You can't always succeed (তুমি সবসময় সফল হতে পারবে না) - Don't worry about the failed project. You win some, you lose some. Your heart goes out to someone - Feel sympathy for someone (কাউকে সহানুভূতি অনুভব করা) - My heart goes out to those affected by the earthquake. You’ve hit the nail on the head - You’re exactly right (তুমি ঠিক বলেছো) - That's exactly what I was thinking. You've hit the nail on the head. You’re pulling my leg - You’re joking or teasing me (তুমি আমার সাথে মজা করছো) - You won the lottery? You're pulling my leg! You’re in hot water - You’re in trouble (তুমি সমস্যায় পড়েছো) - If your boss finds out, you're in hot water. You’re in the same boat - You’re in the same situation (তুমি একই পরিস্থিতিতে আছো) - We're both struggling with the new system. You're in the same boat. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours - If you help me, I’ll help you (তুমি আমাকে সাহায্য করলে, আমিও তোমাকে সাহায্য করবো) - I'll help you with your project, and you help me with mine. You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours. You’ve got to be kidding - Expressing disbelief or surprise (অবিশ্বাস বা বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করা) - They canceled the concert? You've got to be kidding! Z Zero in on - Focus closely on (মনে মনোযোগ দেওয়া) - We need to zero in on the most pressing issues. Zip your lip - Keep quiet (চুপ করে থাকা) - Zip your lip about the surprise party. Zigzag - Move in sharp turns (উল্টো পাল্টা চলা) - The car had to zigzag to avoid the obstacles on the road. Zero tolerance - No allowance for mistakes or violations (ভুল বা লঙ্ঘনের জন্য কোনো ছাড় নেই) - The company has a zero tolerance policy for harassment. Zeal and enthusiasm - Great energy and excitement (বিশাল উদ্যম এবং উৎসাহ) - She approached the new project with zeal and enthusiasm. Zone out - Become inattentive or daydream (অমনোযোগী বা স্বপ্ন দেখা) - He tends to zone out during long meetings. Zest for life - Enjoyment of life (জীবনের প্রতি আনন্দ) - Her zest for life is truly infectious. Zenith - The highest point (সর্বোচ্চ স্থান) - The company's profits reached their zenith last year. Zero-sum game - A situation where one party's gain is another party's loss (একটি পরিস্থিতি যেখানে একজনের লাভ অন্যের ক্ষতি) - In a zero-sum game, any gain is offset by a corresponding loss. Zip along - Move quickly (দ্রুত চলা) - The sports car zipped along the highway.

Subject: English 2nd Paper suggestion (2023 all Board Questions and Test Exam Questions included) Part A: Grammar (60 marks) Gap filling activities without clues (for prepositions) Answer Gap filling activities with clues (special uses) Answer Completing sentences (with clauses/ phrases) Answer Use of verbs Answer Narrative style (direct to indirect and vice versa) Answer Use of modifiers Answer Use of sentence connectors Answer Use of synonym and antonym Answer Punctuation Answer Key to Grammar Suggestion Part-B: Composition (40 marks) Writing Part Suggestion Source: Lecture Sure Success Suggestion Book May-2024

Here is the list of the verbs after which we should use present participle 1. **Acknowledge** (accept or admit the existence or truth of): He acknowledged being at fault. 2. **Admit** (confess to be true or to be the case): She admitted cheating on the test. 3. **Advise** (offer suggestions about the best course of action): They advised taking the early flight. 4. **Allow** (give permission): They allow smoking in this area. 5. **Anticipate** (expect or predict): I anticipate having a good time. 6. **Appreciate** (recognize the full worth of): I appreciate you helping me. 7. **Avoid** (keep away from): He avoids talking to strangers. 8. **Begin** (start): She began crying when she heard the news. 9. **Consider** (think carefully about): We considered moving to another city. 10. **Continue** (persist in an activity): He continued working despite the pain. 11. **Delay** (postpone): They delayed announcing the results. 12. **Deny** (refuse to admit): She denied stealing the money. 13. **Discuss** (talk about): We discussed going on a trip. 14. **Dislike** (feel distaste for): I dislike waiting in long lines. 15. **Enjoy** (take delight in): He enjoys playing the guitar. 16. **Finish** (bring to an end): She finished writing her report. 17. **Imagine** (form a mental image of): I can’t imagine living without a phone. 18. **Involve** (include as a necessary part): The job involves traveling a lot. 19. **Keep** (continue doing): He keeps talking during the lecture. 20. **Mention** (refer to briefly): She mentioned seeing him at the store. 21. **Mind** (be bothered by): Do you mind opening the window? 22. **Miss** (fail to see or notice): I miss seeing my old friends. 23. **Postpone** (delay): They postponed meeting until next week. 24. **Practice** (perform an activity repeatedly): She practices speaking English every day. 25. **Prevent** (stop from happening): They prevented him from entering the building. 26. **Propose** (suggest a plan): She proposed going to the beach. 27. **Quit** (stop doing): He quit smoking last year. 28. **Recommend** (suggest): I recommend trying the new restaurant. 29. **Regret** (feel sorrow or remorse): I regret not studying harder. 30. **Resist** (withstand the action or effect of): She couldn’t resist eating the cake. 31. **Risk** (expose to danger): He risks losing his job. 32. **Suggest** (propose a solution): They suggested going to the museum. 33. **Tolerate** (allow the existence or occurrence of): She can’t tolerate being late.

Riddle: I speak without a mouth and hear without ears. I have no body, but I come alive with wind. What am I? Answer: An echo Riddle: I can fly without wings. I can cry without eyes. Wherever I go, darkness flies. What am I? Answer: A cloud Riddle: What has keys but can't open locks? Answer: A piano Riddle: What gets wetter as it dries? Answer: A towel Riddle: The more of this there is, the less you see. What is it? Answer: Darkness Riddle: What has a heart that doesn’t beat? Answer: An artichoke Riddle: I can be cracked, made, told, and played. What am I? Answer: A joke Riddle: What has cities, but no houses; forests, but no trees; and rivers, but no water? Answer: A map Riddle: I am always hungry and will die if not fed, but whatever I touch will soon turn red. What am I? Answer: Fire Riddle: The more you take, the more you leave behind. What am I? Answer: Footsteps Riddle: I have branches, but no fruit, trunk, or leaves. What am I? Answer: A bank Riddle: What can travel around the world while staying in a corner? Answer: A stamp Riddle: What has one eye, but can’t see? Answer: A needle Riddle: I’m tall when I’m young, and I’m short when I’m old. What am I? Answer: A candle Riddle: What is full of holes but still holds water? Answer: A sponge Riddle: What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never in a thousand years? Answer: The letter M Riddle: What goes up but never comes down? Answer: Your age Riddle: I am not alive, but I grow; I don’t have lungs, but I need air; I don’t have a mouth, but water kills me. What am I? Answer: Fire Riddle: What runs, but never walks; has a mouth, but never talks; has a head, but never weeps; has a bed, but never sleeps? Answer: A river Riddle: What can you hold in your left hand but not in your right? Answer: Your right elbow Riddle: What has a neck but no head? Answer: A bottle Riddle: What is so fragile that saying its name breaks it? Answer: Silence Riddle: What has to be broken before you can use it? Answer: An egg Riddle: I’m found in socks, scarves, and mittens; and often in the paws of playful kittens. What am I? Answer: Yarn Riddle: What has hands but can’t clap? Answer: A clock Riddle: I’m light as a feather, yet the strongest man can’t hold me for much more than a minute. What am I? Answer: Breath Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What building has the most stories? Answer: The library Riddle: What can you catch, but not throw? Answer: A cold Riddle: What is black when it’s clean and white when it’s dirty? Answer: A chalkboard Riddle: I’m not alive, but I can grow; I don’t have eyes, but once I did see; once I had thoughts, but now I’m white and empty. What am I? Answer: A skull Riddle: What comes down but never goes up? Answer: Rain Riddle: What is always in front of you but can’t be seen? Answer: The future Riddle: I shave every day, but my beard stays the same. What am I? Answer: A barber Riddle: I can fill a room, or just one heart. Others can have me, but I can’t be shared. What am I? Answer: Loneliness Riddle: What can be seen once in a year, twice in a week, and never in a day? Answer: The letter E Riddle: What is always coming but never arrives? Answer: Tomorrow Riddle: I am taken from a mine, and shut up in a wooden case, from which I am never released, and yet I am used by almost every person. What am I? Answer: Pencil lead Riddle: What can you break, even if you never pick it up or touch it? Answer: A promise Riddle: What word is pronounced the same if you take away four of its five letters? Answer: Queue Riddle: What is so delicate that even mentioning it breaks it? Answer: Silence Riddle: The more you have of it, the less you see. What is it? Answer: Darkness Riddle: What gets bigger the more you take away? Answer: A hole Riddle: I have keys but open no locks. I have space but no room. You can enter, but you can’t go outside. What am I? Answer: A keyboard Riddle: What kind of coat is best put on wet? Answer: A coat of paint Riddle: What can fill a room but takes up no space? Answer: Light Riddle: I go in hard, come out soft, and never mind if you want to blow me. What am I? Answer: Chewing gum Riddle: What can run but never walks, has a mouth but never talks, has a head but never weeps, has a bed but never sleeps? Answer: A river Riddle: What has an eye but cannot see? Answer: A needle Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What has many keys but can't open a single lock? Answer: A piano Riddle: What has hands but cannot clap? Answer: A clock Riddle: What is full of holes but still holds water? Answer: A sponge Riddle: What can you hold in your left hand but not in your right? Answer: Your right elbow Riddle: What can one catch that is not thrown? Answer: A cold Riddle: What goes up and down but does not move? Answer: A staircase Riddle: What has one eye but cannot see? Answer: A needle Riddle: What has many teeth but can’t bite? Answer: A comb Riddle: What has words, but never speaks? Answer: A book Riddle: What runs around the whole yard without moving? Answer: A fence Riddle: What has a thumb and four fingers but is not alive? Answer: A glove Riddle: What has a head, a tail, is brown, and has no legs? Answer: A penny Riddle: What has a heart that doesn’t beat? Answer: An artichoke Riddle: What kind of room has no doors or windows? Answer: A mushroom Riddle: What can travel around the world while staying in a corner? Answer: A stamp Riddle: What gets wetter as it dries? Answer: A towel Riddle: What goes through cities and fields, but never moves? Answer: A road Riddle: What has a neck but no head? Answer: A bottle Riddle: What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment, but never in a thousand years? Answer: The letter M

Sentence A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and typically consists of a subject and a predicate. Here are the main parts of a sentence: 1. Subject: The part of the sentence that indicates what or who the sentence is about. It usually contains a noun or pronoun. 2. Predicate: The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject. It usually contains a verb and can include objects, complements, and modifiers. Examples of Sentences with Main Parts Identified 1. Simple Sentences: - Subject: The cat | Predicate: slept. - "The cat slept." - Subject: She | Predicate: sings beautifully. - "She sings beautifully." 2. Compound Sentences (two independent clauses joined by a conjunction): - Subject: I | Predicate: went to the store | Conjunction: and | Subject: I | Predicate: bought some milk. - "I went to the store, and I bought some milk." - Subject: He | Predicate: likes tea | Conjunction: but | Subject: she | Predicate: prefers coffee. - "He likes tea, but she prefers coffee." 3. Complex Sentences (an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses): - Independent Clause: She smiled | Dependent Clause: because she was happy. - "She smiled because she was happy." - Independent Clause: I will go to the park | Dependent Clause: if it doesn't rain. - "I will go to the park if it doesn't rain." 4. Compound-Complex Sentences (at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses): - Independent Clause: I finished my homework | Conjunction: and | Independent Clause: I watched TV | Dependent Clause: after I had dinner. - "I finished my homework, and I watched TV after I had dinner." - Independent Clause: She loves reading | Conjunction: but | Independent Clause: she didn't like the book | Dependent Clause: that I recommended. - "She loves reading, but she didn't like the book that I recommended." Breakdown of Sentence Parts 1. Subject Examples: - The dog barked loudly. ("The dog" is the subject) - He is running fast. ("He" is the subject) 2. Predicate Examples: - The dog barked loudly. ("barked loudly" is the predicate) - She is reading a book. ("is reading a book" is the predicate) 3. Direct Object (receives the action of the verb): - She kicked the ball. ("the ball" is the direct object) - He reads the newspaper. ("the newspaper" is the direct object) 4. Indirect Object (to whom or for whom the action is done): - She gave him a gift. ("him" is the indirect object) - He told us a story. ("us" is the indirect object) 5. Complement (provides more information about the subject or object): - She is a teacher. ("a teacher" is a subject complement) - They named the baby James. ("James" is an object complement) Subject, Object, Predicate, Complement Parts of a Sentence: Subject, Predicate, Object, Complement 1. Subject The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is performing the action or being described. Examples: - The cat sleeps. - ("The cat" is the subject.) - She is reading. - ("She" is the subject.) - A large tree fell in the storm. - ("A large tree" is the subject.) 2. Predicate The predicate of a sentence tells something about the subject. It includes the verb and can also include objects, complements, and modifiers. Examples: - The cat sleeps. - ("sleeps" is the predicate.) - She is reading. - ("is reading" is the predicate.) - A large tree fell in the storm. - ("fell in the storm" is the predicate.) 3. Object An object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. Objects can be direct or indirect. - Direct Object: Receives the action of the verb directly. - Indirect Object: Indicates to whom or for whom the action is performed. Examples: - Direct Object: - She kicked the ball. - ("the ball" is the direct object.) - He reads a book. - ("a book" is the direct object.) - Indirect Object: - She gave him a gift. - ("him" is the indirect object, "a gift" is the direct object.) - He told us a story. - ("us" is the indirect object, "a story" is the direct object.) 4. Complement Complements complete the meaning of the subject or object. They can be subject complements or object complements. - Subject Complement: Follows a linking verb and provides more information about the subject. - Object Complement: Provides more information about the object. Examples: - Subject Complement: - She is a teacher. - ("a teacher" is the subject complement, linked to "she" by the verb "is.") - They seem happy. - ("happy" is the subject complement, describing "they.") - Object Complement: - They named the baby James. - ("James" is the object complement, providing more information about "the baby.") - The committee elected him chairman. - ("chairman" is the object complement, providing more information about "him.") Detailed Examples and Explanations 1. Subject and Predicate: - The dog (subject) barked loudly (predicate). - The sentence is about "the dog" (subject) performing the action of barking loudly (predicate). - The teacher (subject) explained the lesson (predicate). - "The teacher" (subject) is doing the action of explaining the lesson (predicate). 2. Subject, Predicate, and Direct Object: - John (subject) ate (predicate) an apple (direct object). - "John" (subject) performs the action of eating (predicate) and "an apple" (direct object) receives the action. - Mary (subject) wrote (predicate) a letter (direct object). - "Mary" (subject) performs the action of writing (predicate) and "a letter" (direct object) receives the action. 3. Subject, Predicate, Direct Object, and Indirect Object: - Sara (subject) gave (predicate) her friend (indirect object) a gift (direct object). - "Sara" (subject) performs the action of giving (predicate), "her friend" (indirect object) is the recipient of the action, and "a gift" (direct object) is the thing given. - The chef (subject) cooked (predicate) the guests (indirect object) a meal (direct object). - "The chef" (subject) performs the action of cooking (predicate), "the guests" (indirect object) are the recipients, and "a meal" (direct object) is the thing cooked. 4. Subject, Predicate, and Subject Complement: - The sky (subject) is (predicate) blue (subject complement). - "The sky" (subject) is described by "blue" (subject complement), linked by the verb "is" (predicate). - The winner (subject) was (predicate) happy (subject complement). - "The winner" (subject) is described by "happy" (subject complement), linked by the verb "was" (predicate). 5. Subject, Predicate, Direct Object, and Object Complement: - They (subject) called (predicate) him (direct object) a genius (object complement). - "They" (subject) performs the action of calling (predicate), "him" (direct object) receives the action, and "a genius" (object complement) provides more information about "him." - The manager (subject) appointed (predicate) Susan (direct object) team leader (object complement). - "The manager" (subject) performs the action of appointing (predicate), "Susan" (direct object) receives the action, and "team leader" (object complement) provides more information about "Susan." Types of Sentences ( According to Meaning) Sentences can be categorized according to their meaning into five main types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, optative and exclamatory. 1. Declarative Sentences Description: Declarative sentences make statements or express opinions. They provide information and end with a period. They are the most common type of sentences used in both written and spoken language. Examples: The sun rises in the east. She enjoys reading books in her free time. The company plans to expand its operations next year. Chocolate cake is my favorite dessert. The cat slept on the warm, cozy blanket. 2. Interrogative Sentences Description: Interrogative sentences ask questions. They seek information and end with a question mark. These sentences often begin with words like who, what, where, when, why, how, or auxiliary verbs like is, are, do, does, have, and can. Examples: What time is the meeting scheduled for? How do you solve this math problem? Are you coming to the party tonight? Where did you buy that beautiful dress? Have you ever traveled to another country? 3. Imperative Sentences Description: Imperative sentences give commands, make requests, or offer invitations. They usually end with a period but can also end with an exclamation mark. The subject (you) is often implied rather than explicitly stated. Examples: Please pass the salt. Close the door behind you. Finish your homework before going out to play. Call me when you get home. Stop talking during the movie! 4. Optative Sentences Description: Optative sentences express wishes, hopes, or prayers. They often start with words like "may" or "wish" and end with a period or an exclamation mark. These sentences convey the speaker's desire for something to happen. Examples: May you have a long and happy life. I wish you all the best in your new job! May you succeed in all your endeavors. Wish you a speedy recovery! May peace be upon you. 5. Exclamatory Sentences Description: Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions or feelings such as surprise, joy, anger, or excitement. They always end with an exclamation mark. These sentences often begin with words like what or how. Examples: What a beautiful sunset! How exciting this adventure is! I can’t believe we won the game! That’s an incredible idea! Watch out for the car! Types of Sentences ( According to Structure) Sentences can be classified according to their structure into four main types: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. Each type has a unique structure and function, allowing for varied and nuanced expression in writing and speaking. Here's a detailed description of each type, along with ample examples. 1. Simple Sentences Description: A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause. It contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. Simple sentences are straightforward and clear. Examples: The dog barked. She reads every night. The sun is shining. They played soccer. I love ice cream. 2. Compound Sentences Description: A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon. Each clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. Examples: I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain. She likes to read books, and he enjoys watching movies. The cat jumped on the couch; the dog followed it. We can go to the park, or we can stay home. He studied hard, so he passed the exam. 3. Complex Sentences Description: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone and is introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as because, since, although, if, when, etc. Examples: Although it was raining, we went for a hike. She was happy because she got a promotion. When the movie ended, everyone clapped. If you need help, just let me know. Since it was late, he decided to go to bed. 4. Compound-Complex Sentences Description: A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. This type of sentence combines elements of both compound and complex sentences. Examples: Although it was raining, we went for a hike, and we enjoyed it. She was happy because she got a promotion, but she knew it would be more work. When the movie ended, everyone clapped, and they left the theater. If you need help, just let me know, and I will be there. Since it was late, he decided to go to bed, but he couldn't fall asleep. Exercises: Identify the Sentence Type The flowers in the garden are blooming beautifully. Where did you put the keys? May you find happiness in your new journey. Turn off the lights when you leave the room. How amazing that performance was! She finished her project ahead of the deadline. Can you help me with this assignment? I wish you a safe and pleasant trip! Please take out the trash. What an incredible surprise! He enjoys hiking on weekends. Why is the sky blue? May all your dreams come true! Don't forget to water the plants. That was the best concert ever! They plan to visit their grandparents next month. Who is the author of this book? Wish you a joyful holiday season! Complete the form and submit it by tomorrow. Wow, that cake looks delicious! The new restaurant opened last week. How do you make this dish? May your day be filled with joy and laughter. Sit down and relax for a while. What a breathtaking view! The movie was very entertaining. Are you going to the meeting tomorrow? Have a great time at the party! Please read the instructions carefully. How wonderful to see you again! Answers Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Declarative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Optative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence Answers with Explanation Declarative Sentence - The flowers in the garden are blooming beautifully. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Where did you put the keys? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May you find happiness in your new journey. Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Turn off the lights when you leave the room. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - How amazing that performance was! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - She finished her project ahead of the deadline. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Can you help me with this assignment? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - I wish you a safe and pleasant trip! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Please take out the trash. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - What an incredible surprise! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - He enjoys hiking on weekends. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Why is the sky blue? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May all your dreams come true! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Don't forget to water the plants. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - That was the best concert ever! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - They plan to visit their grandparents next month. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Who is the author of this book? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - Wish you a joyful holiday season! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Complete the form and submit it by tomorrow. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - Wow, that cake looks delicious! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - The new restaurant opened last week. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - How do you make this dish? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - May your day be filled with joy and laughter. Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Sit down and relax for a while. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - What a breathtaking view! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Declarative Sentence - The movie was very entertaining. Makes a statement and provides information. Interrogative Sentence - Are you going to the meeting tomorrow? Asks a question and seeks information. Optative Sentence - Have a great time at the party! Expresses a wish or hope. Imperative Sentence - Please read the instructions carefully. Gives a command or request. Exclamatory Sentence - How wonderful to see you again! Expresses strong emotion or excitement. Identify each as either a simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence. Sentences to Identify She loves to watch movies. I wanted to go for a run, but it started to rain. When he arrived at the party, everyone cheered. The dog barked loudly, and the neighbors complained. If you finish your homework, you can play video games. The sun set, and the stars appeared in the sky. Because she was late, she missed the bus, and she had to walk. He likes pizza, but he doesn't like pasta. After the storm passed, the children went outside to play. The book on the table is mine. She smiled when she saw her friend. The baby cried, and the mother comforted him. Although it was cold, they decided to go for a swim. He studied for the exam, and he felt confident about his answers. If you need help, ask me, and I will assist you. The cat slept on the couch all day. We went to the park because the weather was nice. She is a great singer, but she never sings in public. When the sun rises, the birds start to sing, and the day begins. He wanted to buy a car, but he didn't have enough money. Since he moved to the city, he has made many new friends. The teacher explained the lesson, and the students took notes. Although it was raining, they played soccer, and they had a great time. She was happy with her new job. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. The cake tastes delicious. He forgot his keys, so he couldn't enter the house. When she arrived at the station, the train had already left. She enjoys reading books, and she loves to write stories. Because he was tired, he went to bed early. Answers Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Answers with Explanation Simple Sentence - She loves to watch movies. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Compound Sentence - I wanted to go for a run, but it started to rain. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - When he arrived at the party, everyone cheered. Contains one independent clause ("everyone cheered") and one dependent clause ("When he arrived at the party"). Compound Sentence - The dog barked loudly, and the neighbors complained. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - If you finish your homework, you can play video games. Contains one independent clause ("you can play video games") and one dependent clause ("If you finish your homework"). Compound Sentence - The sun set, and the stars appeared in the sky. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Because she was late, she missed the bus, and she had to walk. Contains one dependent clause ("Because she was late") and two independent clauses ("she missed the bus" and "she had to walk"). Compound Sentence - He likes pizza, but he doesn't like pasta. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - After the storm passed, the children went outside to play. Contains one independent clause ("the children went outside to play") and one dependent clause ("After the storm passed"). Simple Sentence - The book on the table is mine. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - She smiled when she saw her friend. Contains one independent clause ("She smiled") and one dependent clause ("when she saw her friend"). Compound Sentence - The baby cried, and the mother comforted him. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - Although it was cold, they decided to go for a swim. Contains one independent clause ("they decided to go for a swim") and one dependent clause ("Although it was cold"). Compound Sentence - He studied for the exam, and he felt confident about his answers. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - If you need help, ask me, and I will assist you. Contains one dependent clause ("If you need help") and two independent clauses ("ask me" and "I will assist you"). Simple Sentence - The cat slept on the couch all day. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - We went to the park because the weather was nice. Contains one independent clause ("We went to the park") and one dependent clause ("because the weather was nice"). Compound Sentence - She is a great singer, but she never sings in public. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Compound-Complex Sentence - When the sun rises, the birds start to sing, and the day begins. Contains one dependent clause ("When the sun rises") and two independent clauses ("the birds start to sing" and "the day begins"). Compound Sentence - He wanted to buy a car, but he didn't have enough money. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Complex Sentence - Since he moved to the city, he has made many new friends. Contains one independent clause ("he has made many new friends") and one dependent clause ("Since he moved to the city"). Compound Sentence - The teacher explained the lesson, and the students took notes. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Although it was raining, they played soccer, and they had a great time. Contains one dependent clause ("Although it was raining") and two independent clauses ("they played soccer" and "they had a great time"). Simple Sentence - She was happy with her new job. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Complex Sentence - If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. Contains one independent clause ("we will cancel the picnic") and one dependent clause ("If it rains tomorrow"). Simple Sentence - The cake tastes delicious. Contains one independent clause with a subject and predicate. Compound Sentence - He forgot his keys, so he couldn't enter the house. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "so". Complex Sentence - When she arrived at the station, the train had already left. Contains one independent clause ("the train had already left") and one dependent clause ("When she arrived at the station"). Compound Sentence - She enjoys reading books, and she loves to write stories. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - Because he was tired, he went to bed early. Contains one independent clause ("he went to bed early") and one dependent clause ("Because he was tired"). Exercise: Identify each as either a simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex sentence. Advanced Exercise: Identify the Sentence Type While she was reading, her brother was playing video games, and their parents were cooking dinner. The scientist explained the theory in detail, and the audience listened attentively. After he had finished his work, he decided to go for a walk, but it started to rain. The student, who had studied all night, passed the exam with flying colors. If you want to succeed, you must work hard and stay focused on your goals. The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall, which everyone admired. Despite the challenges they faced, they managed to complete the project on time. The team won the match, and they celebrated their victory enthusiastically. Whenever she travels, she takes hundreds of photos, which she later organizes into albums. The cat, which had been missing for days, finally returned home, and the family was overjoyed. Although the weather was terrible, the outdoor concert continued, and the audience enjoyed it. The book, which was recommended by a friend, turned out to be very interesting. He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive. If you don't understand the instructions, you can ask for help. The city, known for its vibrant culture, attracts tourists from all over the world. After the meeting ended, everyone went back to their offices, and they resumed their work. She sings beautifully, and her performances are always captivating. The company will launch a new product next month, which they believe will be a great success. Because he was feeling sick, he stayed home from work, but he managed to get some rest. The children, excited about the trip, packed their bags eagerly. Although she was tired, she finished her assignment, and she submitted it on time. He read the book, which he found fascinating, in just two days. Whenever it rains, she likes to sit by the window and read a book. The conference, which was held in New York, attracted experts from various fields. Since he started exercising regularly, he has felt much healthier and more energetic. The dog barked loudly at the stranger, who quickly walked away. She enjoys hiking, but she doesn't like camping overnight. After they had dinner, they watched a movie and then went to bed. The musician, known for his talent, gave an incredible performance that night. If you plan your day well, you will have enough time to finish all your tasks. Answers Compound-Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Simple Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Compound Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Complex Sentence Answers with Explanation Compound-Complex Sentence - While she was reading, her brother was playing video games, and their parents were cooking dinner. Contains two independent clauses ("her brother was playing video games" and "their parents were cooking dinner") and one dependent clause ("While she was reading"). Compound Sentence - The scientist explained the theory in detail, and the audience listened attentively. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - After he had finished his work, he decided to go for a walk, but it started to rain. Contains two independent clauses ("he decided to go for a walk" and "it started to rain") and one dependent clause ("After he had finished his work"). Complex Sentence - The student, who had studied all night, passed the exam with flying colors. Contains one independent clause ("The student passed the exam with flying colors") and one dependent clause ("who had studied all night"). Complex Sentence - If you want to succeed, you must work hard and stay focused on your goals. Contains one independent clause ("you must work hard and stay focused on your goals") and one dependent clause ("If you want to succeed"). Complex Sentence - The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall, which everyone admired. Contains one independent clause ("The artist painted a beautiful mural on the wall") and one dependent clause ("which everyone admired"). Complex Sentence - Despite the challenges they faced, they managed to complete the project on time. Contains one independent clause ("they managed to complete the project on time") and one dependent clause ("Despite the challenges they faced"). Compound Sentence - The team won the match, and they celebrated their victory enthusiastically. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound-Complex Sentence - Whenever she travels, she takes hundreds of photos, which she later organizes into albums. Contains two independent clauses ("she takes hundreds of photos" and "she later organizes into albums") and one dependent clause ("Whenever she travels"). Compound-Complex Sentence - The cat, which had been missing for days, finally returned home, and the family was overjoyed. Contains two independent clauses ("The cat finally returned home" and "the family was overjoyed") and one dependent clause ("which had been missing for days"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Although the weather was terrible, the outdoor concert continued, and the audience enjoyed it. Contains two independent clauses ("the outdoor concert continued" and "the audience enjoyed it") and one dependent clause ("Although the weather was terrible"). Complex Sentence - The book, which was recommended by a friend, turned out to be very interesting. Contains one independent clause ("The book turned out to be very interesting") and one dependent clause ("which was recommended by a friend"). Simple Sentence - He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive. Contains one independent clause with a compound predicate ("He cooked dinner, set the table, and waited for his guests to arrive"). Complex Sentence - If you don't understand the instructions, you can ask for help. Contains one independent clause ("you can ask for help") and one dependent clause ("If you don't understand the instructions"). Complex Sentence - The city, known for its vibrant culture, attracts tourists from all over the world. Contains one independent clause ("The city attracts tourists from all over the world") and one dependent clause ("known for its vibrant culture"). Compound Sentence - After the meeting ended, everyone went back to their offices, and they resumed their work. Contains two independent clauses ("everyone went back to their offices" and "they resumed their work") joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Compound Sentence - She sings beautifully, and her performances are always captivating. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - The company will launch a new product next month, which they believe will be a great success. Contains one independent clause ("The company will launch a new product next month") and one dependent clause ("which they believe will be a great success"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Because he was feeling sick, he stayed home from work, but he managed to get some rest. Contains two independent clauses ("he stayed home from work" and "he managed to get some rest") and one dependent clause ("Because he was feeling sick"). Complex Sentence - The children, excited about the trip, packed their bags eagerly. Contains one independent clause ("The children packed their bags eagerly") and one dependent clause ("excited about the trip"). Compound-Complex Sentence - Although she was tired, she finished her assignment, and she submitted it on time. Contains two independent clauses ("she finished her assignment" and "she submitted it on time") and one dependent clause ("Although she was tired"). Complex Sentence - He read the book, which he found fascinating, in just two days. Contains one independent clause ("He read the book in just two days") and one dependent clause ("which he found fascinating"). Complex Sentence - Whenever it rains, she likes to sit by the window and read a book. Contains one independent clause ("she likes to sit by the window and read a book") and one dependent clause ("Whenever it rains"). Complex Sentence - The conference, which was held in New York, attracted experts from various fields. Contains one independent clause ("The conference attracted experts from various fields") and one dependent clause ("which was held in New York"). Complex Sentence - Since he started exercising regularly, he has felt much healthier and more energetic. Contains one independent clause ("he has felt much healthier and more energetic") and one dependent clause ("Since he started exercising regularly"). Complex Sentence - The dog barked loudly at the stranger, who quickly walked away. Contains one independent clause ("The dog barked loudly at the stranger") and one dependent clause ("who quickly walked away"). Compound Sentence - She enjoys hiking, but she doesn't like camping overnight. Contains two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction "but". Compound Sentence - After they had dinner, they watched a movie and then went to bed. Contains two independent clauses ("they watched a movie" and "they went to bed") joined by the coordinating conjunction "and". Complex Sentence - The musician, known for his talent, gave an incredible performance that night. Contains one independent clause ("The musician gave an incredible performance that night") and one dependent clause ("known for his talent"). Complex Sentence - If you plan your day well, you will have enough time to finish all your tasks. Contains one independent clause ("you will have enough time to finish all your tasks") and one dependent clause ("If you plan your day well").

Contents Sentence The parts of the sentence Phrase and Clause Kinds of sentence Run-on Sentence Sentence Fragments Parts of speech Same words different parts of speech Noun Classification of Noun Countable and Uncountable Noun Number Gender Case Appositive Pronoun Classification of Pronoun Person Pronoun referencing Pronoun-Antecedent agreement Adjective Classification of Adjective Comparison of Adjective Article Verb 6.1 Classification of verb 6.2 Modal Verbs 6.3 Gerund 6.4 Participle 6.5 Infinitive 6.6 Tense 6.7 Sequence of Tense 6.8 Right form of Verb/word 6.9 Conjugation of Verb 6.10 Subject –Verb Agreement 6.11 Confusing Verb 7.Conditional 8. Adverb 8.1 Classification of Adverb 8.2Position of adverb 8.3Comparison of adverb ​​ 9. Preposition Classification of Preposition Appropriate preposition Rules for using Preposition 10.Conjunction 11.Interjection 12. Affirmative and Negative Agreement 13.Appositive 14.Clauses Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverbial Clause Relative Claus Completing sentences Correction 15.1 Pin Pointing Error Ellipsis Introductory it/there Inversion Linking words/Sentence Connector Modifiers Determiners Dangling modifiers Mood Narration Phrases Phrasal Verb Prefixes and Suffixes Punctuation Question Making Question Tag WH Question Embedded Question Sentence Completion Sentence Patterns Parallelism Spelling Subjunctive Synthesis of Sentences/Joining Sentence Synonyms and Antonyms Transformation Transformation of sentences Transformation of simple, complex, compound Transformation of Degree Usage of English/Phrases/Words Voice Confusing Words

Chattogram Board-2023 Sub Code 1 0 8 Time : 3 hours English (Compulsory) 2nd Paper Total Marks : 100 [According to the Syllabus of 2023] [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] 1.Complete the text with suitable prepositions.                                                                                         .5x10=5 Corruption is a curse (a) ~~ a nation. It is a great hindrance (b) ~~ development. (c) ~~ corrupt people, a nation will surely sink (d) ~~ oblivion. Corrupt people are hated by all. The common people have no respect (e) ~~ them. They are devoid (f) ~~ honesty. They stick (g) ~~ their evil activities. They do not abide (h) ~~ the social rules. Morality does not have any effect (i) ~~ them. They bring nothing for the nation. It is high time we stood (j) ~~ them. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box.                                                                  .5x10=5 as soon as had better has to would rather what's it like what does......... look like there it was born let alone (a)     A good citizen ~~ perform a lot of things. These things will enable him to become a true patriot. (b)    ~~ is no fish here. It's a swimming pool. (c)     Mr. Habib is an honest man. He ~~ starve than take bribe. (d)    ~~ walking alone through a forest? I had never faced such a situation. (e)    ~~ she finished her work, she called her father. (f)      Sumi : Mom, ~~ a fox ~~? Mother : Well, it is somewhat like dog. (g)     He is very miserly. He doesn't help his neighbours, ~~ the villagers. (h)    I went to my village home on foot. ~~ took me two hours to reach there. (i)      The weather is getting worse. I ~~ start for home. My parents will be anxious for me. (j)      Tennyson was a great victorian poet. He ~~ in England. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases.                                                                                  1x10=10 (a)     We take physical exercise so that ~~. (b)     Air is polluted in many ways. It is high time ~~. (c)     Prosperity does not come in one's life automatically. If ~~, you can't prosper in life. (d)     Time is very important in our life. You can't succeed in life unless ~~. (e)     He wrote very quickly. He had finished the exam before the ~~. (f)      A village doctor is a person who ~~. He is the best friend to the villagers. (g)     We all are attracted to gold. But ~~ is not gold. (h)     I am fond of cricket. I wish ~~. (i)      He walks slowly lest ~~. (j)      He is dull headed. The poem is too difficult ~~. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5x14=7 While (a) ~~ (eat) food, we should (b) ~~ (bear) in mind that we don't eat just to (c) ~~ (satisfy) hunger or to (d) ~~ (fill) the belly. We eat to (e) ~~ (preserve) our health. For good health, a man (f) ~~ (eat) good food. Sometimes, it so (g) ~~ (happen) that people who (h) ~~ (live) even in the midst of plenty do not (i) ~~ (eat) the food they need for good health. Actually, they (j) ~~ (have) no knowledge of health and nutrition. They don't know how to (k) ~~ (select) a balanced diet from the many foods that (l) ~~ (be) available to them. Besides, foods are being (m) ~~ (adulterate) in many ways nowadays. So, it is high time we (n) ~~ (select) right kind of foods for avoiding health hazard. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches.                                                                                                          7 "What's your dream? Do you have any dream?" said Zayed. "Yes, I have a dream. My dream is a full plate of rice." said Robi. "Come with me. I am going to materialize your dream." "How kind you are!" said Robi. 6. Read the following text and use modifiers in the blank spaces as directed.                                                                  .5x10=5 We know that (a) ~~ (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) species are important for maintaining (b)  ~~ (pre-modify the noun) balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment changes (c)   ~~ (post-modify the verb). In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, we should protect (d) ~~ (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) wildlife. (e) ~~ (use determiner to pre­modify the noun phrase) good news is that many countries are taking action (f) ~~ (use infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). George Lay Cock, (g) ~~ (use appositive to post-modify the noun) writes, "Mankind must develop a concern for wild creatures and determine that (h) ~~ (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) wild species will not perish (i) ~~ (use prepositional phrase as post-modifier). We have to save wild animals (j) ~~ (use relative clause as post-modifier). 7. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage.                                                .5x14=7 Early rising is one of the best habits (a) ~~ a man can possess. (b) ~~, the benefits of early rising are many. (c) ~~, if we get up early, we get enough time to work. (d) ~~, we can enjoy the fresh air of the morning which refreshes our body and mind. (e) ~~, we can take some exercises or a walk. (f)     ~~, in the morning nature smiles with colourful flowers and chirping of birds. (g)    ~~, early rising takes us to close contact with wonderful world of nature. (h) ~~, if we do not get up early in the morning, we will suffer a lot. (i) ~~, we do not have enough time to do our work. (j) ~~, we cannot finish our work in time. (k) ~~, late rising from bed tells upon our health. (l) ~~, we can never enjoy the freshness of nature. (m) ~~, early rising keeps us safe and sound both physically and mentally. (n) ~~, we should make a habit of early rising. 8. Read the passage below and then write the synonym or antonym of the words as directed. .5x14=7 A good writer  may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker  or make a good recitation.  Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy.  The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness  should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible possible.  If we become serious in our intention,  we can shine  in life. Otherwise, we will suffer  a lot and our life will fill up with unhappiness. (a) writer (synonym); (b) good (antonym); (c) speaker (synonym); (d) recitation (synonym); (e) impossible (synonym); (f) lazy (antonym); (g) sincerity (antonym); (h) seriousness (synonym); (i) consideration (synonym); (j) possible (antonym); (k) intention (synonym); (l) shine (synonym); (m) suffer (synonym); (n) unhappiness (antonym). 9. There are fourteen errors in the use of punctuation marks in the following text. Rewrite the text correcting the errors.  .5x14=7 Student : May I come in Sir Principal : Yes come in. What is your problem Student : I want to change my 4th subject Sir. Principal : Why Student : Sir Mathematics is now my 4th subject but it seems to me very difficult. So I want to take biology instead of Mathematics. Principal : Do you think biology is an easy subject Student : Not easy. Sir but easier than mathematics. Principal : Ok Write an application. Remember your application must be endorsed by your guardian. Otherwise, it will not be accepted. Part B : Composition (40 Marks) 10. Suppose, you are a student of 'X' College. There is no multimedia classroom in your college. Now, write an application to the Principal for setting up multimedia classrooms.                                                          10 11. Write a paragraph on "The War of Independence of Bangladesh" within 200 words.                                                      15 12. Write a paragraph on "Environment Pollution" mentioning its causes and effects within 200 words. Key To Chattogram Board-2023 English : Paper II Part A : Grammar 1. Use of prepositions (a) to/of; (b) to; (c) For; (d) into; (e) for; (f) of; (g) to; (h) by; (i) on; (j) against. 2. Use of phrases/words (a) has to; (b) There; (c) would rather; (d) What's it like; (e) As soon as; (f) what's does look like; (g) let alone; (h) It; (i) had better; (j) was born. 3. Completing sentences (a) We take physical exercise so that we can keep our body fit. (b) Air is polluted in many ways. It is high time we stopped air pollution. (c) Prosperity does not come in one's life automatically. If you do not work hard, you can't prosper in life. (d) Time is very important in our life. You can't succeed in life unless you utilize your time properly. (e) He wrote very quickly. He had finished the exam before the final bell rang. (f) A village doctor is a person who treats the sick villagers. He is the best friend to the villagers. (g) We all are attracted to gold. But all that glitters is not gold. (h) I am fond of cricket. I wish I were a cricketer/I could be a cricket player in our national team. (i) He walks slowly lest he should fall down on the wet and slippery road. (j) He is dull headed. The poem is too difficult for him to understand it fully. 4. Right form of verbs (a) eating; (b) bear; (c) satisfy; (d) fill; (e) preserve; (f) should eat; (g) happens; (h) live; (i) eat; (j) have; (k) select; (l) are; (m) adulterated; (n) selected. 5. Changing the form of speech Zayed asked Robi what his (R) dream was. He (Z) again asked him if he (R) had any dream. Robi tenderly replied in the affirmative that he (R) had a dream. He (R) added that his (R) dream was a full plate of rice. Instantly, Zayed told him (R) to go with him (Z). He (Z) added that he (Z) was going to materialize his (R) dream. Robi exclaimed in wonder that he (Z) was very kind. 6. Use of modifiers (a) all; (b) ecological; (c) often for worse/greatly/certainly; (d) our; (e) The; (f) to protect their endangered species; (g) author of several books on wildlife; (h) these; (i) owing to our callousness; (j) that save ourselves. 7. Use of sentence connectors (a) that; (b) However/In fact/ Truly speaking; (c) Firstly/First; (d) Secondly; (e) Thirdly; (f) Besides/Moreover; (g) Thus/So; (h) On the contrary/Contrarily/On the other hand; (i) Firstly; (j) Secondly; (k) Thirdly; (l) Moreover; (m) Thus; (n) So/Therefore/Hence. 8. Use of synonym and antonym (a) author; (b) bad; (c) lecturer/orator; (d) rendering/recital/reading/narration; (e) unachievable /unattainable/unfeasible/impracticable; (f) active/industrious/diligent/ persevering;(g)insincerity/indifference/apathy; (h) sincerity/solemnity/earnestness/ commitment/resolution; (i) thought/mind/mentality; (j) impossible; (k) desire/wish/aim; (l) prosper/thrive/progress; (m) endure/experience; (n) happiness. 9. Use of punctuation marks Student : May I come in, Sir? Principal : Yes, come in. What is your problem? Student : I want to change my 4th subject, Sir. Principal : Why? Student : Sir, Mathematics is now my 4th subject, but it seems to me very difficult. So, I want to take Biology instead of Mathematics. Principal : Do you think Biology is an easy subject? Student : Not easy, sir, but easier than Mathematics. Principal : OK. Write an application. Remember, your application must be endorsed by your guardian; otherwise, it will not be accepted.

Sentence Openers Sentence openers are phrases or words used at the beginning of a sentence to grab the reader's attention, introduce a new idea, or establish the tone and direction of the writing. They serve as the gateway to the content that follows and play a crucial role in setting the stage for what is to come in the text. The importance of using sentence openers in writing can be understood from several perspectives: 1.      Engagement: Sentence openers are instrumental in capturing the reader's interest from the outset. By starting with a compelling opener, writers can hook the reader and encourage them to continue reading. 2.      Clarity: Effective sentence openers provide clarity by signaling the direction or focus of the writing. They help orient the reader and establish context, making it easier for them to follow the flow of ideas throughout the text. 3.      Variety: Using a diverse range of sentence openers enhances the overall quality of writing. By incorporating different types of openers such as adjectives, adverbs, questions, quotations, or comparisons, writers can add richness and depth to their prose, keeping the reader engaged and attentive. 4.      Organization: Sentence openers contribute to the overall organization and structure of a piece of writing. They serve as transition points between paragraphs or sections, guiding the reader through the logical progression of ideas and ensuring coherence and cohesion in the text. 5.      Impact: Well-crafted sentence openers have the power to make a lasting impression on the reader. They can evoke emotions, provoke thought, or convey a sense of urgency, effectively communicating the writer's message and leaving a memorable impact. In summary, sentence openers are essential tools in writing that not only captivate the reader's attention but also facilitate clarity, variety, organization, and impact in the text. By mastering the art of using sentence openers effectively, writers can elevate the quality of their writing and engage their audience more effectively. Sample essay with different sentence openers: Innovative educational methodologies can transform traditional learning environments. Effective classroom management is crucial for fostering a productive learning atmosphere. Undoubtedly, technology has revolutionized modern education. Surprisingly, some of the most effective learning strategies are the simplest. "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world," Nelson Mandela famously stated. In the words of Aristotle, "The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." While online learning offers flexibility, it also presents challenges in maintaining student engagement. Despite significant investments in education, disparities in access remain a pressing issue. Similar to healthcare, education requires continuous improvement and innovation. In contrast to rote memorization, experiential learning encourages deeper understanding. Due to the proliferation of digital resources, students now have unprecedented access to information. As a result of comprehensive educational reforms, student performance has markedly improved. If schools integrate technology effectively, students will be better prepared for the future workforce. Provided teachers receive ongoing professional development, educational standards will rise. Indeed, the importance of a well-rounded education cannot be overstated. Certainly, fostering critical thinking skills is essential in today's rapidly changing world. In the context of modern society, lifelong learning is more important than ever. With the rise of interdisciplinary studies, students can explore a wider range of interests. Inspired by innovative teaching practices, many educators are transforming their classrooms. Challenged by the pandemic, schools quickly adapted to online learning platforms. The lesson plan meticulously crafted, the teacher confidently began the class. The semester nearing its end, students prepared for their final exams. Integrating technology into the curriculum enhances student engagement and learning. Addressing diverse learning styles ensures that all students have the opportunity to succeed. To improve educational outcomes, schools must invest in teacher training. To foster a love of reading, educators should provide a variety of engaging materials. Here are the sentence openers in the essay on education- Important Linkers to bring variety in writing: ·  Subject Openers ·  Adjective Openers ·  Adverb Openers ·  Quotation Openers ·  Contrast Openers ·  Comparison Openers ·  Causal Openers ·  Conditional Openers ·  Emphatic Openers ·  Prepositional Phrase Openers ·  Participial Phrase Openers ·  Absolute Phrase Openers ·  Gerund Phrase Openers ·  Infinitive Phrase Openers ·  Linkers as Sentence Openers Subject Openers Subject openers begin the sentence with a noun or pronoun, which may be preceded by an adjective or article (a, an, the). This approach immediately introduces the main subject of the sentence, making it clear and straightforward. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: The government should invest more in public education to ensure equal opportunities for all students. A teacher who is passionate about their subject can inspire students to learn and achieve great things. Schools play a crucial role in shaping the future of society by educating the next generation. The curriculum needs to be updated regularly to keep up with the changing demands of the job market. Students benefit greatly from a learning environment that encourages creativity and critical thinking. Adjective Openers Adjective openers use an adjective at the beginning of a sentence to describe a noun, often highlighting a key quality or characteristic. This technique can create a vivid and engaging introduction, setting the tone for the rest of the sentence. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Innovative solutions in education can bridge the gap between traditional and modern teaching methods. Effective policies are crucial in addressing the disparity in educational opportunities across different regions. Critical thinking skills are essential for students to navigate the complexities of the modern world. Adequate resources must be allocated to schools to ensure a high standard of education. Diverse teaching strategies can cater to the varied learning styles of students, enhancing overall comprehension. Adverb Openers Adverb openers begin with an adverb, which modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. These openers can emphasize the manner, time, place, frequency, or degree of the action or state described in the sentence, adding depth and detail. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Undoubtedly, the integration of technology in classrooms has revolutionized the learning experience. Surprisingly, many students prefer traditional books over digital devices for their studies. Interestingly, countries with higher educational investment tend to have lower unemployment rates. Ultimately, the success of an education system depends on the quality of its teachers. Historically, education has been the cornerstone of societal progress and innovation. Quotation Openers Quotation openers use a relevant quote from a notable person to introduce the topic, adding authority and context to the discussion. This technique can effectively emphasize the importance of the topic and set the stage for further elaboration. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world," Nelson Mandela famously stated, highlighting the transformative power of education. In the words of Aristotle, "The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet," emphasizing the long-term benefits of educational endeavors. As Albert Einstein once said, "Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think," underscoring the importance of critical thinking. John Dewey emphasized, "Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself," illustrating the integral role of learning in human development. According to Malcolm X, "Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today," stressing the significance of education in securing a better future. Contrast Openers Contrast openers highlight differences between two or more elements, often starting with words like "while," "although," or "despite." This technique sets up a comparison that can draw attention to important distinctions or conflicting aspects. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: While online education offers flexibility, it often lacks the personal interaction found in traditional classrooms. Despite significant technological advancements, many schools still struggle with outdated teaching methods. Although higher education is becoming more accessible, many students still face financial barriers. Whereas some argue that standardized tests are necessary, others believe they do not accurately measure a student's abilities. Even though smaller class sizes are beneficial for individualized attention, they are not always feasible due to budget constraints. Comparison Openers Comparison openers use comparative structures to draw parallels or highlight differences between two or more elements. This technique can help clarify similarities or distinctions, making the argument more relatable and understandable. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Similar to healthcare, education requires continuous improvement and innovation to meet evolving needs. In contrast to rote memorization, experiential learning encourages deeper understanding and retention of knowledge. Like effective communication, good teaching practices involve active listening and constructive feedback. Just as athletes need coaches to excel, students benefit from mentors who guide their academic and personal growth. Comparable to scientific research, education evolves through ongoing experimentation and discovery, adapting to new findings. Causal Openers Causal openers begin with a phrase that indicates a cause-and-effect relationship. They explain the reason behind a particular situation or action, providing context and justification for the points being made. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Due to the proliferation of digital resources, students now have unprecedented access to information, enhancing their learning experiences. As a result of comprehensive educational reforms, student performance has markedly improved in recent years. Because of increased funding, schools can provide better resources and support to their students. Owing to dedicated teachers, many students achieve remarkable success despite challenging circumstances. In light of new research, educators are adapting their teaching strategies to better meet the needs of their students. Conditional Openers Conditional openers start with a conditional clause, often using words like "if," "provided," or "unless." They set up a scenario that depends on a certain condition being met, highlighting potential outcomes or consequences. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: If schools integrate technology effectively, students will be better prepared for the future workforce. Provided teachers receive ongoing professional development, educational standards will continue to rise. Should governments allocate more resources to education, societal benefits will follow in the long term. Unless students develop critical thinking skills, they may struggle to adapt in a rapidly changing world. As long as schools prioritize inclusivity, all students will have equal opportunities to succeed. Zero Conditional Zero conditional sentences express general truths or facts. They typically use the present simple tense in both the "if" clause and the main clause. Examples: If governments invest in renewable energy, carbon emissions decrease. If students understand the importance of time management, their academic performance improves. If individuals neglect physical exercise, their health suffers. Inversion: Should governments invest in renewable energy, carbon emissions decrease. Should students understand the importance of time management, their academic performance improves. Should individuals neglect physical exercise, their health suffers. First Conditional First conditional sentences express a possible condition and its probable result. They typically use the present simple tense in the "if" clause and the future simple tense (with "will") in the main clause. Examples: If countries implement stricter environmental policies, they will see a reduction in pollution. If students study consistently, they will achieve higher grades. If governments invest in healthcare, they will improve public well-being. Inversion: Should countries implement stricter environmental policies, they will see a reduction in pollution. Should students study consistently, they will achieve higher grades. Should governments invest in healthcare, they will improve public well-being. Second Conditional Second conditional sentences express hypothetical or unlikely situations in the present or future. They use the past simple tense in the "if" clause and the conditional tense (with "would" or "could") in the main clause. Examples: If people lived closer to their workplaces, they would spend less time commuting. If governments were more transparent, citizens would trust them more. If students had access to better resources, they could excel academically. Inversion: Were people to live closer to their workplaces, they would spend less time commuting. Were governments more transparent, citizens would trust them more. Were students to have access to better resources, they could excel academically. Third Conditional Third conditional sentences express hypothetical situations in the past that didn't happen. They use the past perfect tense in the "if" clause and the conditional perfect tense (with "would have" + past participle) in the main clause. Examples: If policymakers had listened to scientists, we would have been better prepared for the pandemic. If individuals had taken climate change seriously earlier, we would have avoided some of its consequences. If educational systems had adapted sooner to online learning, students' academic progress wouldn't have been disrupted. Inversion: Had policymakers listened to scientists, we would have been better prepared for the pandemic. Had individuals taken climate change seriously earlier, we would have avoided some of its consequences. Had educational systems adapted sooner to online learning, students' academic progress wouldn't have been disrupted. Mixed Conditional Mixed conditional sentences combine elements of the second and third conditionals. They typically use a past perfect tense in the "if" clause and a conditional tense (with "would" or "could") in the main clause. Examples: If people had prioritized mental health, society would be more empathetic. If governments had invested in infrastructure earlier, we would have had better transportation networks. If individuals had received proper education, poverty rates could have been lower. Inversion: Had people prioritized mental health, society would be more empathetic. Had governments invested in infrastructure earlier, we would have had better transportation networks. Had individuals received proper education, poverty rates could have been lower. Emphatic Openers Emphatic openers use words like "indeed," "certainly," or "undeniably" to stress the importance of the statement that follows. This technique adds emphasis and can make the argument more persuasive and compelling. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Indeed, the importance of a well-rounded education cannot be overstated, as it equips students with essential life skills. Certainly, fostering critical thinking skills is essential in today's rapidly changing world, where problem-solving is crucial. Undeniably, teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the future by inspiring and guiding the next generation. Clearly, a strong education system is the backbone of a thriving society, driving economic and social progress. Absolutely, lifelong learning is crucial for personal and professional growth, enabling individuals to adapt to new challenges. Prepositional Phrase Openers Prepositional phrase openers begin with a prepositional phrase, setting the scene or providing context for the main action or idea in the sentence. This technique helps to situate the reader and clarify the relationships between different elements. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: In the context of modern society, lifelong learning is more important than ever for continuous personal and professional development. With the rise of interdisciplinary studies, students can explore a wider range of interests and develop a more holistic understanding. Within the framework of educational reform, innovative approaches are being implemented to improve student outcomes. Under the guidance of experienced educators, students can achieve their full potential and excel in their studies. Through the lens of historical developments, we can appreciate the evolution of education and its impact on society. Present Participle Sentence Openers Description: Present participle sentence openers begin with a present participle (a verb ending in -ing) and its modifiers. This technique adds action and immediacy to the sentence, often highlighting a concurrent action or providing a vivid description of a scene. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Integrating new technologies, schools are transforming traditional classrooms into modern learning environments. Addressing the challenges of remote learning, educators are developing innovative strategies to engage students online. Promoting inclusive education, policymakers are ensuring that all students have equal access to learning opportunities. Encouraging student collaboration, teachers are creating project-based assignments that foster teamwork and critical thinking. Implementing hands-on activities, educators are making learning more interactive and enjoyable for students. Past Participle Sentence Openers Description: Past participle sentence openers begin with a past participle (usually a verb ending in -ed or an irregular form) and its modifiers. This technique adds detail and can provide background or context, often highlighting a completed action or state relevant to the subject. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: 1.      Driven by the need for innovation, many schools have adopted new teaching technologies. 2.      Supported by government funding, educational institutions can offer more resources to their students. 3.      Shaped by their experiences, educators often bring unique perspectives to their teaching methods. 4.      Challenged by limited resources, some schools struggle to maintain high educational standards. 5.      Inspired by successful models abroad, local education systems are undergoing significant reforms. 6.      Inspired by innovative teaching practices, many educators are transforming their classrooms into dynamic learning environments. 7.      Challenged by the pandemic, schools quickly adapted to online learning platforms, ensuring continuity of education. 8.      Motivated by student success, teachers continually refine their methods to better meet the needs of their students. 9.      Encouraged by positive feedback, schools are implementing new programs that enhance student engagement. 10. Driven by a passion for learning, students excel in their studies and pursue their academic goals with determination. Perfect Participle Phrase Sentence Openers Description: Perfect participle phrase openers start with a perfect participle (having + past participle) and its modifiers. This technique indicates that one action was completed before another, adding a sense of sequence and causality to the sentence. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Having completed their studies abroad, many students bring valuable international perspectives back to their home countries. Having been exposed to various teaching methods, students are better able to adapt to different learning environments. Having achieved high academic standards, schools in the region are recognized for their excellence. Having received comprehensive training, teachers are more effective in engaging their students. Having implemented new policies, the education system has seen significant improvements in student outcomes. Absolute Phrase Openers Absolute phrase openers consist of a noun or pronoun followed by a participle and any accompanying modifiers. This technique provides additional information or context, often setting the scene or highlighting a specific detail. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: The lesson plan meticulously crafted, the teacher confidently began the class, engaging the students from the start. The semester nearing its end, students prepared for their final exams, reviewing the material they had learned. His enthusiasm for teaching evident, the professor engaged his students in lively discussions and debates. Their curiosity piqued, the children eagerly explored the science experiments, making new discoveries along the way. The school year drawing to a close, the administration reviewed its accomplishments and set goals for the future. Gerund Phrase Openers Gerund phrase openers begin with a gerund (a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun) and its modifiers. This technique focuses on an action or activity, emphasizing its importance or relevance. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Integrating technology into the curriculum enhances student engagement and learning, making lessons more interactive. Addressing diverse learning styles ensures that all students have the opportunity to succeed and reach their full potential. Encouraging collaborative projects fosters teamwork and communication skills, preparing students for future careers. Implementing hands-on activities makes learning more interactive and fun, helping students retain information better. Providing continuous feedback helps students improve and stay motivated, contributing to their academic success. Infinitive Phrase Openers Infinitive phrase openers begin with an infinitive (the base form of a verb preceded by "to") and its modifiers. This technique highlights a purpose or goal, emphasizing the intended outcome or objective. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: To improve educational outcomes, schools must invest in teacher training and professional development. To foster a love of reading, educators should provide a variety of engaging materials and create a positive reading environment. To meet the needs of all students, personalized learning plans are essential, catering to individual strengths and weaknesses. To bridge the gap in education, policymakers must address systemic inequalities and provide adequate resources. To prepare students for the future, schools should emphasize critical thinking and problem-solving skills, equipping them for a rapidly changing world. Linkers as Sentence Openers Linkers, also known as transitional or discourse markers, are words or phrases used to connect ideas or clauses within a sentence or between sentences. They serve to improve the flow and coherence of writing by signaling relationships between different parts of the text. When used as sentence openers, linkers provide a seamless transition from the preceding text or idea, guiding the reader through the progression of thought. Examples from IELTS Writing Topics: Furthermore, investing in education not only benefits individuals but also strengthens the economy. On the other hand, critics argue that standardized testing may not accurately measure a student's true capabilities. Moreover, collaborative learning environments encourage teamwork and foster a sense of community among students. In addition, extracurricular activities play a vital role in developing students' social skills and leadership abilities. However, insufficient funding for schools remains a significant challenge in many regions around the world. More linkers as sentence openers sentence openers using advanced linkers, transitional words, and connectors, incorporated into sentences suitable for an IELTS essay: Furthermore, advancements in technology have revolutionized various aspects of modern life. On the other hand, traditional methods of communication still hold significant value in certain contexts. Consequently, the widespread use of social media has reshaped interpersonal relationships. Moreover, globalization has led to increased cultural exchange and diversity. Nonetheless, concerns about privacy and data security persist in an interconnected world. In addition to this, education plays a pivotal role in preparing individuals for the challenges of the digital age. By contrast, some argue that excessive reliance on technology can hinder genuine human connection. Hence, striking a balance between innovation and tradition is essential for societal harmony. Meanwhile, environmental degradation continues to be a pressing issue worldwide. In essence, sustainable development requires collective action and conscious decision-making. To illustrate, renewable energy initiatives have gained traction in recent years. Namely, solar and wind power are becoming increasingly viable alternatives to fossil fuels. That is to say, investing in green technologies is crucial for mitigating climate change. In particular, developing countries bear the brunt of environmental degradation caused by industrialization. To sum up, urgent measures are needed to address the root causes of environmental degradation. In brief, environmental sustainability must be at the forefront of global policymaking. All in all, the future of our planet hinges on collective efforts to combat climate change. Overall, education remains a fundamental tool for driving social progress and economic development. To conclude, investing in education yields long-term benefits for individuals and societies alike. Similarly, healthcare systems around the world face common challenges despite varying contexts. On the contrary, disparities in healthcare access persist within and between countries. In comparison, developed nations often boast advanced healthcare infrastructure and services. Firstly, universal healthcare coverage promotes equity and social justice. Secondly, preventive healthcare measures can alleviate the burden on healthcare systems. Thirdly, holistic approaches to healthcare prioritize mental and emotional well-being. Moreover, mental health awareness campaigns destigmatize seeking help for psychological issues. What's more, incorporating traditional medicine into mainstream healthcare can offer holistic solutions. In addition, telemedicine has emerged as a convenient and accessible healthcare option. In summary, addressing healthcare disparities requires multifaceted approaches. To encapsulate, promoting health and well-being should be a priority for governments worldwide. In retrospect, historical events shape societal attitudes and norms. In the grand scheme of things, individual actions contribute to broader social trends. All things considered, societal progress is driven by incremental changes and collective efforts. Given these points, education serves as a catalyst for societal transformation. In light of demographic shifts, aging populations pose unique challenges for healthcare systems. Owing to technological advancements, medical breakthroughs have extended human lifespan. Under the guidance of medical professionals, patients can make informed decisions about their health. In the meantime, public health campaigns promote healthy lifestyle choices and disease prevention. Simultaneously, governments invest in healthcare infrastructure to meet growing demands. At the same time, mental health services are increasingly recognized as essential components of healthcare. Because of socioeconomic disparities, marginalized communities often lack access to healthcare. In consequence, disparities in healthcare outcomes persist across socioeconomic lines. To address these disparities, policymakers must prioritize equitable healthcare policies. To put it another way, healthcare should be viewed as a fundamental human right. In the final analysis, health equity is essential for building resilient and inclusive societies. Historically, revolutions have been catalysts for social and political change. In contemporary times, social media has empowered individuals to amplify their voices. In the long run, fostering dialogue and understanding is key to resolving conflicts. Over time, societal attitudes towards gender roles and equality have evolved. Understandably, cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. In comparison to previous generations, millennials prioritize work-life balance. In the first place, economic stability is a prerequisite for social well-being. First and foremost, eradicating poverty should be a priority for global development. As a result of globalization, cultural exchanges enrich societies with diverse perspectives. In pursuit of economic growth, environmental sustainability should not be overlooked. To this end, renewable energy initiatives can reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. In the same vein, sustainable development goals aim to address interconnected global challenges. By the same token, investing in education and healthcare promotes human development. In light of these facts, urbanization presents both opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. In contrast to urban areas, rural communities often lack access to basic services. By comparison, suburban living offers a balance between urban amenities and rural tranquility. Notwithstanding technological advancements, rural areas struggle with digital divide issues. In conclusion, fostering sustainable development requires collaboration and innovation. In retrospect, historical injustices continue to shape contemporary social inequalities. In the grand scheme of things, individual actions contribute to broader societal trends. All things considered, diversity and inclusion are essential for societal progress. Given these circumstances, proactive measures are needed to address systemic inequalities. In light of current events, social justice movements advocate for systemic change. Owing to recent developments, societal attitudes towards marginalized groups are shifting. Understandably, tensions arise when competing interests clash. In comparison with previous generations, millennials have different priorities and values. In the first instance, addressing economic disparities is crucial for social stability. First and foremost, upholding human rights should be a cornerstone of global governance. As a consequence of globalization, cultural identities are becoming more fluid. In pursuit of sustainable development, governments must balance economic growth with environmental conservation. To this end, renewable energy initiatives can mitigate the impact of climate change. In the same vein, investment in education and healthcare is paramount for societal well-being. By the same token, promoting gender equality contributes to economic prosperity and social harmony. Notwithstanding technological progress, social inequalities persist in access to resources. In conclusion, fostering inclusive societies requires a commitment to justice and equity.

HSC Second Paper Board question DHAKA BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Camels are one of the few animals that can live in a desert. Camels have humps (a) their backs. They store fat (b) these humps. The fat gives them energy. Because camels do not store water, fat helps produce water when camels move (c) the dry desert. They can go (d) several months without water. Camels eat grass to get moisture. The camels are as useful (e) the people of the desert as the buffalo are (f) the grasslands. The meat of the camel is good to eat. People make cloth (g) of camel hair. Shoes are made (h) – the hides. The camels are also good (i) travel in the desert. Some people travel the desert (j) camels, to make a living. 2. Complete the following sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 what’s….. like have to/has to what does…. look like there would rather had better let alone was born as soon as it (a) We have not decided yet where we are going. — booked the tickets. (b) I — lead a simple life than earn a lot of money illegally. (c) — has been many years since I saw him. (d) Have you ever seen an octopus? — it —? (e) Socrates was a great Greek philosopher. He — in 469 BC. (f) The sailors were terrified. — were no birds or animals in that snow covered country. (g) He is not at home now. — he returns, I will ring you. (h) I hear you have joined a new job. your new boss? (i) You are always late in attending class. You — be on time. (j) I — get to the railway station by five or else I may miss the train. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. (a) I could not recognise you at first. It was many years since we —. (b) Water is polluted in different ways. It is high time we —. (c) I think you are not regular in studies. Be attentive lest —. (d) Birds fly in the sky freely. Had I the wings of a bird —. (e) There are many obstacles in our way to success. We must work hard so that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 When I was a child, I (a) (be) afraid of the dark, and I always (b) (go) to sleep with a light on. Even then, I feared that monsters (c) (climb) in through my bedroom window and kill me. And every sound I (d) (hear) struck fear into me. Often, I ran away from the room and (e) (sleep) on the floor at the foot of my parent’s bed. Now that I (f) (be) almost twenty years old. I obviously do better than what I (g) (do) as a child. However, I (h) (be) still scared of bedtime. I dislike (i) (sleep) alone, and I still keep a tiny night-light on. And before I go to bed. I double-check every door and every window to make sure that they (j) (be) locked. Indeed, imaginary beings do not invade from outside, they exist in our superstitious beliefs. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. “Follow my example,” she said as we shook hands, “and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.” “I’ll do better than that,” I retorted. “I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.” “Humorist!” You’re quite a humorist,” she cried gaily, jumping into a cab. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Once there lived a grasshopper and an ant. The ant was hard working. (a) -the grasshopper was lazy. (b) he idled away his time dancing and sleeping. (c) -, he sometimes advised the ant not to work so hard. (d) the ant paid no heed to the grasshopper. (e) he continued to work hard gathering food for the coming winter. (f) winter came, covering everything with snow. The surface of the earth went under the snow-cover. (g) – the grasshopper could not find any food. (h) he had nothing in stock. (i), he went to the ant for help. The ant gave him some food for the day. (j) -, the long winter was ahead, and the grasshopper was really worried about his survival. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you sent five packages of books to Khulna through Zebra Courier Service. One package was missing at the time of delivery. Now, write a letter to the customer service manager complaining about missing goods. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘On-campus class and online class’ showing their respective merits and demerits within 200 words. 10 Key Dhaka Board-2022 English Second Paper Part-A 1. (a) on (b) in (c) through (d) for (e) to (f) for (g) out (h) of (i) for j) on 2. (a) let alone (b) would rather (c) it (d) what does look like (e) was born (f) There (g) As soon as (h) What's like (i) had better j) have to 3. (a) I could not recognise you at first. It was many years since we had met last. (b) Water is polluted in different ways. It is high time we prevented water pollution. (c) I think you are not regular in studies. Be attentive lest you should fail in the examination. (d) Birds fly in the sky freely. Had I the wings of a bird I would fly in the sky. (e) There are many obstacles in our way to success. We must work hard so that we can succeed in life. 4. (a) was (b) would go (c) would (d) would hear (e) slept f) l am (g) did (h) am (i) sleeping j) are 5. As we shook hands, she told me to follow her example and never eat more than one thing for luncheon. I retorted that I would do better than that. I added that I would eat nothing for dinner that night. Jumping into a cab, she cried gaily and called me a humorist. She again said that I was quite a humorist. 6 (a) On the contrary (b)'Therefore (c) Even/Moreover (d) However (e) On the contrary (f) Then (g) Hence/so (h) Moreover/Besides (i) Therefore j) Thus/Finally

BARISHAL BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Traffic problem is a major problem (a) our day-to-day life. Mainly the city dwellers suffer (b) it. The drivers do not abide (c) the traffic rules. Most often traffic problems occur (d) the congested areas where the roads are very narrow in proportion (e) There are many unlicensed vehicles which should be brought (f) control. Strict rules must be introduced (g) this regard. We should raise consciousness (h) the people of our country (i)- a view to ensuring a good traffic system (j) the safety of the people. our population. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 as soon as provided that would you mind had better was born what if would rather as if let alone what does…. look like (a) I can’t remember the name of the story, — the details about the different characters. I read the story many years ago. (b) I am too tired to talk. I can no longer give you company. You — leave me and let me take rest. (c) By working hard, he had reached the highest peak of success. You can also reach your goal — you work hard. (d) I think something is wrong between Tanni and Munni. They are acting — they did not know each other. (e) — watching the film with me? I am afraid that there may have some horrors in the film. (f) Take some emergency medicine with you. — you fall ill during your journey? (g) Khaled — resign his job than tolerate injustice. He has moral courage to raise voice against injustice. (h) — it stops raining, I will go to play football. (i) Student: Sir, — a wild cat —? Teacher: A wild cat is larger and stronger than an ordinary cat. (jh) He is my friend for the last five years. But I did never ask him where he —. 3. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) I can’t recall his name. It is long since —. (b) A village doctor is a person who —. He is the best friend to the villagers. (c) Our country is beset with many problems. We all should come forward in order to —. (d) Whenever he speaks in English, —. In fact, we learn through mistakes. (e) A student has to be punctual. He has to study regularly lest —. 4. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 Road mishap (a) (happen) in our country almost every day. Recently, it (b) (rise) to an alarming rate (c) (take) a heavy toll of human lives. The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) (travel) in a bus. In most cases, reckless driving (e), (cause) road accidents. The drivers are in the habit of (f) (violate) traffic rules. Road accidents can be (g) (reduce) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. People should be conscious in this respect. While (h) (cross) the road, they should be careful. Some people travel (i) (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Traffic rules (j) (maintain) strictly with a view to controlling road accidents. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child,” said the woman. “Let her have him.” The king said, “Now everything is clear to me.” Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the baby.” 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Mobile phone has added a new dimension in our communication system. It has made the world closer to us. (a), it has made worldwide communication easier. We use it for our day-to-day communication. (b) -, it has been part and parcel in our life as we cannot go for a single day without using it. We use it for rapid communication. (c) – mobile phone is not free from defects. It has some negative sides as well. (d) -, excessive use of mobile phone may damage our hearing power. (e), -, it is a means of money wastage. (f) it is seen that many underworld crimes are being done with the use of mobile network. (g) the radiation from mobile phone may cause cancer to the users. (h) – we are aware of these harmful effects. (i) —, we are not aware of using the mobile phone. (j) —, we must have to be conscious of the negative impacts of mobile phone. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write a letter of complaint to the Superintendent of Police to take steps against the antisocial activities in your area. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘Price Hike’ mentioning its causes and effects. (within 200 words) 10 Key English Second Paper Part A L (a) of (b) from (c) by (d) in (e) to (0 under (g) in (h) among (i) with j) for 2 (a) let alone (b) had better (c) provided that (d) as if (e) Would you mind What if (g) would rather (h) As soon as (i) What does --- look like 0) was born & (a) I can't recall his name. It is long since we met last. (b) A village doctor is a person who gives medical treatment to village people. He is the best friend to the villagers. (c) Our country is beset with many problems. We all should come forward in order to solving those problems. (d) Whenever he speaks in English, he makes a lot of mistakes. In fact, we learn through mistakes. (e) A student has to be punctual. He has to study regularly lest he should fail in the examination. 4. (a) happens (b) has risen (c) taking (d) travels (e) causes (f) violating (g) be reduced (h) crossing (I) climbing 0) should be maintained 5. Addressing the king as Lord, the woman requested him not to kill the child. She requested the king to let the other woman have the child. The king said that then everything was clear to him. Pointing to the woman, the king ordered the servant to give her the child. He added that she was the mother of the baby. 6. (a) In other words (b) In fact (c) But (d) First (e) Secondly (i) Thirdly (g) Finally (h) Not only (i) But also j) Therefore

CUMILLA BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Books are really our best friends as we can rely (a) them when we are bored, upset, depressed, lonely or annoyed. They share (b) us information and knowledge any time we need. They enable us to have a a glimpse (c) cultures, traditions, arts, history, geography. us health, psychology and many other subjects and aspects of life. Good books always guide us (d) the right path (e) life. Reading good books helps us understand the world (f) better. While reading books, we build new and creative thoughts, images and opinions (g) our mind. This habit helps us explore life (h) different perspectives. In other words, it has several positive effects (i) our body, mind and soul. In fact, the habit of reading is one (j) the best qualities that a person can possess. 2. Complete the following sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10-5 let alone would rather had better was born it what’s….. like there as soon as have to what does….. look like (a) It is such a nice weather. I — sit in the garden than watch TV. (b) He worked hard. He was too tired to walk, — run. (c) It is raining heavily now. I will go to the shop — it stops raining. (d) We — stop the devastating loss of our forests; otherwise life on the earth will be endangered. (e) — an alligator —? Have you ever seen it? (f) — it — going to play? The weather is good now. (g) — is no denying the fact that time is more valuable than money. (h) It is five o’clock. I — go now before the traffic gets too bad. (i) — appears to me that he is interested in the matter. (j) I love this city. This is the city where I — in. 3. Complete the sentences with suitable clauses or phrases. 5 (a) Had he been a poet, —. (b) Honesty is a great virtue. We should not like those —. (c) A rainy day is the day when —. (d) All of us should try our best —. (e) It is very cold. They have to put on warm clothes so that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct forms of verbs as per subject and context. 5×10=5 (a) (acquire) knowledge is not limited to any age or time. It can (b) (gain) by any person all through the life. It (c) (be) like unlimited wealth which can never (d) (finish). However, the level of a person’s knowledge (e) (develop) with his dedication, patience and continuity. A person (f) (have) some new knowledge through regular observation and experimentation. The progress of human beings largely (g) (depend) on the growth of knowledge in various fields in 2-0 positive and constructive ways. For example, Newton (h) (discover) a theory of gravitation and there are many famous scientists who (i) (invent) amazing things (j)(make) life easy on the earth. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speech. 5 “Stop. Didn’t I tell you to stop? You cannot go there,” said the sergeant. “Oh! Very well, it is hard Two thing to be very poor. All the world is against the poor,” said the man. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following text. .5×10=5 Mobile phones are one of the most commonly used gadgets in today’s world. (a) mobile phones have made our life easy and convenient. (b) they are a blessing till we use them 8-0 judiciously. (c) – they are very beneficial, they have some disadvantages. (d) excessive use 7118 of the device acts as a barrier to quality communication. (e) mobile phones waste a lot of time. (f)- they are the causes of many ailments such as weak eyesight, strain on brain, headaches, dry eyes, sleeplessness and more (g) they have created a lack of privacy in people’s lives. (h)- we see how the device is both a boon and a bane. (i) we must not let mobile phones control our lives. (j) we must know when to draw the line. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are a student of Educare College, Khulna. The sound system in your classroom has become defective. Now, write an application to the Principal of your college asking for solving the problem. 10 8. Write a paragraph within 200 words on “City Life and Country Life”. 10 Key Cumilla Board- 22 English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) on (b) with (c) of (d) to (e) of (fl around (g) in (h) with (i) on 0) of 2. (a) would rather (b) let alone (c) as soon as (d) have to (e) What does look like (fl What's like (g) There (h) had better (i) It 0) was born 3. (a) Had he been a poet he would have written great poems. (b) Honesty is a great virtue. We should not like those who are dishonest. (c) A rainy day is the day when it rains all day long. (d) All of us should try our best to work hard for success in life' (e) It is very cold. They have to put on warm clothes so that they can keep themselves warm. 4. (a) Acquiring (b) be gained (c) is (d) be finished (e) develops ffl may have (g) depends (h) discovered (i) invented 0) making / to make 5. The sergeant told the man to stop. He asked the man if he had not told him to stop. He added that the man could not go there. The man exclaimed with sorrow and said that it was very well. He added that it was a hard thing, to be very poor. He also said that all the word was against the poor. 6, (a) in fact (b) so (c) Although/though (d) first (e) secondly ffl thirdly (g) finally (h) thus (i) hence/so/therefore 0) rather/ on the contrary

SYLHET BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 The moon is a very familiar figure (a) all of us. She awakens a feeling (b) tenderness (c) our hearts. Even infants in arms stretches (d) beautiful thing. Nor is her appeal confined only (e) love and their hands to grasp the children. Ever since the string of the poetic faculty in man, she has furnished a theme (f) poets and artists. The moon has no light (g) her own. The soft silvery brightness which forms her principal charms to us, is borrowed solely (h) the light of the sun. If we go out on a clear night, we can look (i) the magic of moon light. It is often difficult (j) us to realize that the moon is shining in borrowed feathers. 2.Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 had better what does……. look like there let alone was born as soon as it as if would you mind would rather (a) The room appears to be suffocating. — opening the windows? (b) It is raining outside. You — take an umbrella. (c) He cannot read newspaper — edit a newspaper. (d) — lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. (e) You look tired. — appears to me that you have worked hard. (f) Ismail is a symbol of versatile genius. He — in a needy family. (g) — a dinosaur —? Have you ever seen it? (h) He proceeded — he had never seen me. His defiant behaviour offended me. (i) Panic seized me — I heard his roaring voice. (j) Though I am in dire need of money, I — die than seek any financial help from him. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) A good student must possess —. (b) The student is a good student —. (c) He must be honest in thought, active in habit and obedient to —. (d) — health is another quality of an ideal student. (e) He, who makes a glorious result in the examination, —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct forms of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 COVID-19 (a) (transmit) when people (b)(breathe) in air contaminated by droplets and small airborne particles (c) (contain) the virus. The risk of breathing these in (d) highest when people (e) (be) in close proximity, but they (f) (inhale) over longer distances, particularly indoors. Transmission also (g) (occur) if splashed or (h) contaminated fluids in the eyes, nose or mouth, and rarely via contaminated surfaces. People remain contagious for up to 20 days, and (i) (spread) the virus even if they (j) (develop) symptoms. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “Could I help you, Sir?” said the receptionist. The man replied, “Sure, I want to meet the Managing Director of the company.” The receptionist said, “Do you have an appointment?” “Yes, I have,” he said. “Wait for a while,” said the receptionist. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Trees are a vital part of our environment. (a) they bear a great impact on the climate. (b) we are not kind and careful about them. (c) we destroy trees at random. (d) one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect. (e) ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on agriculture. (f) trees play a vital role on our climate. (g) — trees keep the soil strong and protect it. (h) trees save us from flood and many other natural calamities. (i) trees provide us with timber which is of great use specially in construction works and for making furniture. (j), trees are our best friends. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are Motin, a second year college student of Dhaka College. Now, write an application to the Principal of your college for starting an English Language Club. 10 8. Write a comparison and contrast paragraph on “Offline and Online Class.” (Within 200 words.) 10. Key Sylhet Board English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) to (b) of (c) in (d) out (e) to (f) for (g) of (h) from (i) at j) for 2. (a) would you mind what does look like (b) had better (c) let alone (d) there (e) it (f) was born (g) (h) as if (i) as soon as j) would rather 3. (a) A good student must possess some qualities. (b) The student who maintains discipline in his activities is a good student. (c) He must be honest in thought, active in habit and obedient to his parents, his teachers and his elders. (d) We should know that health is another quality of an ideal student. (e) He, who studies seriously makes a glorious result in the examination. 4. (a) is transmitted (b) breathe (c) containing (d) is (e) are (i) may be inhaled (g) occurs (h) sprayed (i) may spread 0) do ' not develop 5. The receptionist asked the man respectfully if he could help him. The man replied in the affirmative and said that he wanted to meet the Managing Director of the company. The receptionist asked the man if he had an appointment. The man replied in the affirmative that he had an appointment. The receptionist told the man to wait for a while. 6, (a) therefore (b) but (c) On the contrary (d) Asa result (e) Since Again (g). Moreover (h) Besides (I) Again j) So/Hence

CHATTOGRAM BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 Email has brought (a) – a revolution (b) modern communication. Messages can be transmitted (c) one country to another (d) seconds. It is far cheaper than telephone calls. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent (e) this speedy mode (f) communication. It has, however, not reached everyone, especially (g) developing countries (h) ours, as most people cannot afford (i) — have a personal computer. But even here, people have started using commercially operated email facilities (j)- important purposes. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 had better there let alone it what’s….. like have to would rather was born what does look like as soon as (a) The examination is close at hand. I — study seriously, (b) Zahir Raihan was one of the most talented film-makers in Bangladesh. He — on August 19. 1935. (c) You do not know how poor Sohel is. He cannot buy a cell phone — a desktop. (d) Your mother is ill. So, I think you — go home early. (e) We have spent much time. We should now conclude — possible. (f) — the earth— ? It looks like an apple. (g) — is no fish in the pond. It is used as a swimming pool. (h) We — sacrifice our lives than live under the subordination of another country. It is a different taste to live in an independent country. (i) — it swimming in the river? For the first time, it seems new experience for all. (j) People are getting sweated easily today. — seems the humidity is higher. 3. Complete the sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) — is lost forever. So, we should utilize time properly. (b) All around us are not friends. In fact, friends are real friends —. (c) For higher education, we should learn English. So, it is high time —. (d) Neighbours are those persons who live adjacent to us. As man cannot live alone, —. (e) Birds fly in the sky. I wish —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs. .5×10=5 Parents (a) (be) the blessings of God to us. When a child (b) (bear), their joys (c) (know) no bounds. They begin to (d) (start) (e) (think) of (f) (nurse) and (g) (bring) up their child. Children (h) (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since their birth. Parents never mind (i) (take) pains for the upbringing of their offsprings. We (j) (offend) our parents. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 He said, “I can chop some wood today.” “You? But you’re small.” “Size don’t matter, chopping wood,” Jerry said. “Some of the big boys don’t chop’ good. I’ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 We want success (a) prosperity in life. (b) we do not do what are needed in achieving these. (c) we want to make our life glorious, we must follow some rules. (d) we have to be industrious. (e) without hard work, success in life is impossible. (f) sincere in our activities. Some people think that good luck is at the root of all achievements in life. (g) to them nothing is further from truth than it. (h)- every success in life depends totally we should be on our activities. (i) we spend time in idleness, we must suffer. (j) we should be honest in life because this virtue helps us greatly to gain our goal. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write an application to the Principal of your college for increasing library facilities in your college library. 10 8. Write a cause and effect paragraph on ‘Indiscriminate Cutting of Trees”. Briefly point out the causes of this large-scale deforestation and its effect on our environment. You must complete this paragraph within 200 words. 10 Key English Second Paper Part-A 1. (a) about (b) in (c) from (d) within (e) on (fl of (g) in (h) like (i) to j) for I (a) have to (b) was born (c) let alone (d) had better (e) as soon as f) What does look like (g) There (h) would rather (i) What's like 0) It 3. (a) Time once lost is lost forever. So, we should utilize time properly. (b) All around us are not friends. In fact, friends in need are real friends. (c) For higher education, we should learn English. So, it is high time we started learning English. (d) Neighbours are those persons who live adjacent to us. As man cannot live alone, he must have neighbours. (e) Birds fly in the sky. I wish I were a bird. 4. (a) are (b) is born (c) know (d) start (e) thinking (f) nursing (g) bringing (h) remain (i) taking j) should never offend 5. Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day. She asked Jerry if it was him. She also said that he was small. Jerry said that size don't matter chopping wood. He added that some of the big boys did not chop wood. He further said that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time. 6. (a) and (b) But (c) If (d) First (e) because (fl Secondly (g) So (h) In fact (i) If j) Finally

RAJSHAHI BOARD-2022 ENGLISH(COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions. .5×10=5 Shilpi married Rashid (a) the age of fifteen. Marrying (b) daughters (c) an early age is a standard practice (d) many families living in rural Bangladesh. (e) joined a local empowerment group that helps her (f) cultural practices, particularly those pertaining (g) her wedding. Shilpi the tools needed to gradually change early marriage and pregnancy. The group’s activities include discussions (h) how to change behaviour related (i) reproductive health as well as one-on-one counselling. Like Shilpi, many of the girls got assistance (j) this empowerment group. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10-5 was born what’s….. like let alone as soon as what does…. look like has to had better it there would rather (a) Susmita is very honest. She — resign the post than earn money in a dishonest way. (b) Karim: — your new dress —? Rahim: It is very nice. (c) Sukanto — on 25 August, 1926 at his maternal uncle’s home at Kolkata. (d) I cannot remember the title of the book, — the details of the story. I read it many years ago. (e) You look very dirty. You — take bath before you go to bed. (f) Panic seized me — I heard his roaring voice. (g) My mother is ill. She — be shifted to hospital. (h) I have never seen a ghost. — a ghost — ? (i) — lived a boy named Newton. The boy was very kind-hearted. So, everybody liked him. (j) During Spring, various kinds of flowers bloom. — seems that everything has got a new life. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) If I had a camera, —. I like photography very much. (b) Though he was brilliant, —. He was very irregular in his college. (c) Jamil had an accident yesterday while he —. (d) I am not a rich man. The car is too expensive —. (e) There goes a proverb that —. So, we should make friendship with a gentleman. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs and subject verb agreement as per context. .5×10-5 There are many reasons for which many a student in our country (a) – (fail) in English. That English is a foreign language is the main reason. English is as if it (b) (to be) a language (c) (mean) for a particular class of people. It (d) (regard) as a sheer wastage of time. They (e) (begin) to cram English as though they (f) (consider) cramming is the only way to learn English. But (g) (have) they been earnest in learning English, they could have (h) it easily. Moreover, they are not (i) (motivate) properly. In addition, the textbooks (J) (not write) according to the need of the learners. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. 5 “What happened to you, Tareq?” said Rashed. “I was sick with the flu. Have you heard anything about our exam?” said Tareq. “It is on 23 October. You need to collect the admit card of the exam,” said Rashed. “From where can I get it?” said Tareq. “It is in the office room,” said Rashed. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Air is an important element of our environment. (a) -, clean air is essential for our life. (b) air is polluted in many ways. (c), one thing that pollutes air is smoke. Smoke is produced from 10 different sources. (d) we make fire to cook food and it creates smoke. (e) – buses and trucks plying in the roads emit smoke. (f) the burning of coal in the railway engine also produces smoke. (g) the mills and factories also produce a huge amount of smoke. (h) we melt tar for road constructions which produces black smoke. (i) – all these smokes mix with the air and pollute it. (j) smoke from different sources is causing serious harm to our environment. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining against the reckless driving of the motor cars in the streets. 10 8. Write a paragraph on ‘Food Adulteration’ showing its causes and effects. [Use 200 words] 10 Key English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) at (b) off (c) at (d) in (e) After (f) with (g) to (h) on (i) to 0) from 2. (a) would rather (b) what's like (c) was born (d) let alone (e) had better (f) as soon as (g) has to (h) what does look like (i) There 0) It 3. (a) If I had a camera, I would take a lot of photographs. I like photography very much. (b) Though he was brilliant, he did not go to college every day. He was very irregular in his college. (c) Jamil had an accident yesterday while he was returning from school. (d) I am not a rich man. The car is too expensive for me to buy. (e) , There goes a proverb that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we should make friendship with a gentleman. 4. (a) fails (b) were (c) meant (d) is regarded (e) begin (f) considered (g) had (h) learnt (i) motivated 0) are not written 5. Rashed asked Tareq what had happened to him. Tareq replied that he had been sick with the flu. Then he asked Rashed if he had heard anything about their exam. Rashed replied that it was on 23 October. He added that Tareq needed to collect the admit card of the exam. Tareq asked Rashed from where he could get it. Rashed replied that it was in the office room. 6. (a) In fact (b) But (c) For example (d) First (e) Secondly (f) Thirdly (g) Fourthly (h) Lastly (i) In the end j) Therefore

Paragraph Writing The Historic 7th March Speech "The Historic 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman" was delivered by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March, 1971 who led the people of Bangladesh to independence in 1971. At that time when the Pakistani military rulers refused to transfer power to the Bengali nationalist leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose party Awami League gained majority in the National Assembly of Pakistan in the general election held in 1970. The speech effectively declared the independence of Bangladesh. The speech constitutes a faithful documentation of how the failure of post-colonial nation-states to develop inclusive, democratic society alienates their population belonging to different ethnic, cultural, linguistic or religious groups.   The speech was extempore and there was no written script. However, the speech survived in the audio as well as AV versions. Model Answer-2 The Historic 7th March Speech The 7 March Speech, delivered by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the revered founding father of Bangladesh, holds immense historical significance. Presented on 7 March 1971 at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka, this speech resonated with over two million people amidst escalating tensions between East Pakistan and the dominant political and military forces of West Pakistan. In his address, Mujibur Rahman announced a civil disobedience movement, urging every household to fortify itself. His words galvanized the Bengali populace, preparing them for an imminent struggle for independence in response to mounting reports of West Pakistan's military mobilization. Just 18 days later, the Bangladesh Liberation War erupted, sparked by the Pakistan Army's brutal Operation Searchlight targeting Bengali civilians, intellectuals, students, politicians, and armed forces personnel. The historic significance of this speech was further acknowledged when UNESCO included it in the Memory of the World Register on 30 October 2017, recognizing its status as a pivotal document in world history. This momentous day not only underscored the urgent need for a lasting solution for the oppressed Bengali people but also validated Bengal's steadfast resolve to fight for independence. Indeed, the directives, motivations, and unwavering determination articulated on that fateful day paved the way for the dawn of Bangladesh's independence. As a seminal event, the 7 March Speech occupies an indelible place in Bangladesh's history, serving as a perpetual source of inspiration, guiding the nation toward truth and political liberation. Model Answer-3 ( Easy) The Historic 7th March Speech The 7th March speech is a very important speech in Bangladesh. It was given by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 7th March 1971 at Ramna Race Course Maidan in Dhaka. There were about 2 million people there to listen. At that time, there was a lot of tension between East Pakistan and West Pakistan. In his speech, Rahman said, "This time's struggle is our liberation struggle." This speech inspired Bengalis to get ready for a war of independence because there were reports that West Pakistan was getting ready for a fight. Rahman asked all Bengalis in East Pakistan to be ready to fight against the Pakistani forces. This speech basically said that Bangladesh was now independent. It showed how countries after they became free from being colonies did not treat everyone fairly, which made people from different groups unhappy. The 7th March speech made everyone in Bangladesh feel like they had to join the war and defeat the enemy. Even after 1971, this speech still makes Bangladeshis proud and helps our country become stronger. It's a big deal that UNESCO recognized this speech because now everyone around the world knows how important it is. Model Answer-4 Write a paragraph on "The historic speech of 7th March" in about 200 words based on the answer to the following questions. (a) When was the speech delivered? (b) Where was the speech delivered? (c) Who were addressed in this speech? (d) How was the speech related to our national history? (e) How is the speech evaluated internationally?           [Combined Board '18(Code-184)] The Historic Speech of 71h March We have numerous significant days in our national history, and among them, the 7th of March stands out as a particularly glorious occasion. It was on this day in 1971 that Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered a momentous speech that played a pivotal role in shaping the course of Bangladesh's independence movement. Addressing a massive crowd of over two million people gathered at the Ramna Race Course in Dhaka, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech came at a time of escalating tensions between East and West Pakistan. In his impassioned address, he declared, "This time the struggle is for our freedom. This time the struggle is for our independence." He called for a civil disobedience movement, urging every household to fortify itself against oppression. This powerful speech galvanized the Bengali people, inspiring them to prepare for a war of independence. It effectively served as a declaration of Bangladesh's independence. Moreover, the speech sheds light on the challenges faced by post-colonial nation-states in fostering inclusive and democratic societies, highlighting the marginalization experienced by individuals from diverse ethnic, cultural, linguistic, or religious backgrounds. Remarkably, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered this iconic speech extemporaneously, without a written script. Recognizing its historical significance, UNESCO added the speech to its Memory of the World Register on 30th October 2017, acknowledging it as a valuable documentary heritage. Bangla Translation: Composition / Essay Writing

Paragraph Writing THE VICTORY DAY 'The Victory Day' is observed in our country on the 16'h December every year. The day is observed because on this day in 1971 we achieved our independence from Pakistan. We won victory at the cost of a bloody war and Bangladesh came into being and occupied a place in the world map as an independent country. And to commemorate this great victory we observe this day with great solemnity. We remember the mammoth sacrifice of the martyrs who laid down their lives for the country. The day begins with gunshots. The whole country wears a festive look. The national flag is hoisted on the top of each office, and house and people from every strata of the society go to the national mausoleum. They offer flowers there as a symbol of profound homage and heartfelt love to the martyrs. This day is a day of great significance for the Bangladeshis. This day reminds us of the sacrifices of our valiant people. It also reminds us of our duty to protect the independence of the country. To me this day is a day of great joy. hope and inspiration. I see this victory as a victory against injustice, tyranny and falsehood. This day will remain evergreen in the heart of each Bangalee. THE VICTORY DAY 'The Victory Day' is a significant occasion observed in our country every year on the 16th of December. This day holds great importance because it marks our nation's triumph in gaining independence from Pakistan in 1971. This hard-fought victory was achieved through a bloody war, resulting in the birth of Bangladesh as an independent nation and its recognition on the world map. To honor and commemorate this historic victory, we observe this day with solemnity and respect. We pay tribute to the immense sacrifices made by the martyrs who laid down their lives for our country's freedom. The day begins with gun salutes, and the entire nation adorns a festive atmosphere. National flags are raised on top of every office and home, and people from all walks of life visit the national mausoleum to offer flowers as a symbol of deep respect and love for the martyrs. The significance of this day is profound for the people of Bangladesh. It serves as a reminder of the heroic sacrifices made by our courageous compatriots and underscores our responsibility to safeguard our nation's hard-earned independence. Personally, I view this day as a source of immense joy, hope, and inspiration. It symbolizes a victory against injustice, oppression, and falsehood. The memory of this victory will forever remain etched in the hearts of every Bangladeshi. Model Answer-2 The Last Victory Day I Celebrated The 16th December is a read letter day in the history of Bangladesh. Every year our nation observes/ celebrates the gala day to show true love and deep homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom in 1971. On the Victory Day all educational institutions, offices, political parties and different organizations hold rallies, discussions, meetings and various cultural functions to welcome the Victory Day. Every year our college also observes the red letter day in a befitting manner. The last Victory Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. A local freedom fighter Mr Salam was the chief guest of the day. The chief guest hoisted the national flag at 8 am. The college buildings were decorated nicely. The students and many freedom loving people attended the function. A discussion meeting was held in our college auditorium at 9 am. The chief guest and the Principal of our college spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters and the significance of the day. I took part in the discussion on behalf of our class. At 12 am the Principal declared the end the discussion thanking all. We returned home with a happy and cheerful mood. The Victory Day is a day of great joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to protest against any injustice and inhuman act. The Last Victory Day I Celebrated The 16th of December holds a special place in the history of Bangladesh, as it is a day of great significance. Each year, our nation commemorates this important day to express our profound love and pay tribute to the heroic individuals who sacrificed their lives for our freedom in 1971. Victory Day is marked by various activities, including rallies, discussions, meetings, and cultural events, organized by educational institutions, offices, political parties, and various organizations across the country. In our college, we also observe Victory Day in a fitting manner, and the most recent celebration was particularly grand. Mr. Salam, a local freedom fighter, had the honor of being the chief guest for the day's events. The day began with the chief guest hoisting the national flag at 8 am, and the college premises were beautifully adorned for the occasion. Students and many freedom-loving individuals joined in the festivities. A discussion meeting was held in our college auditorium at 9 am, where both the chief guest and the college Principal spoke eloquently about the immense sacrifices made by the martyred freedom fighters and the profound significance of the day. I had the privilege of representing our class in the discussion. At 12 pm, the Principal concluded the discussion by expressing gratitude to all participants. We left for our homes with a sense of happiness and cheerfulness. Victory Day is a day filled with joy, hope, and inspiration. It serves as a reminder to us all to stand up against injustice and inhumanity, and it reinforces our commitment to upholding the values for which our freedom fighters sacrificed so much. Model Answer-3 Write a paragraph on. "The Victory Day" in about 200 words based on, the answers to the following questions. (a) When is our Victory Day? (b) Why is it called so? (c) What is the brief history behind it? (d) How do we observe the day? (e) What is the significance of the day?     JCt9B '22; BB 22; CB '19] The 16th of December holds a special place in the hearts of Bangladeshis as Victory Day. This historic day marks the culmination of a nine-month-long struggle for independence against Pakistan in 1971. The people of Bangladesh endured oppression and deprivation of their rights under Pakistani rule, prompting a powerful mass movement led by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Despite winning a landslide victory in the 1970 National Assembly elections, the ruling authorities refused to transfer power to the Awami League. This injustice culminated in a brutal crackdown by the Pakistani army on March 25, 1971, sparking the declaration of independence for East Pakistan, which later became Bangladesh. The Liberation War, a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Bangladeshi people, ensued for nine months, with numerous brave individuals sacrificing their lives for the cause of freedom. Victory was eventually achieved after a long and arduous struggle, bringing joy and pride to the nation. Every year, on the anniversary of Victory Day, Bangladeshis come together to honor the memory of the martyrs who made the ultimate sacrifice for independence. The day is marked by solemn ceremonies, including the firing of gunshots, and the entire nation adorns itself in a festive atmosphere. Victory Day serves as a poignant reminder of the resilience and determination of the Bangladeshi people in the face of adversity. It is a time to reflect on the sacrifices made by countless individuals and to pay homage to their courage and patriotism. Moreover, Victory Day instills a sense of hope, unity, and inspiration among the citizens of Bangladesh, reaffirming their commitment to upholding the values of freedom and democracy. Composition / Essay Writing NATIONAL FESTIVITY : THE VICTORY DAY The Victory day is the most festive of the few national days we have. It comes off on the 16th of December in celebration of the victory we made over the Pakistani forces in 1971. It was a great day for the people of the country when we realised the long-cherished dream of our country’s freedom. The victory of the Bangalees symbolises the triumph of justice over tyranny, of truth over falsehood, of light over darkness, of freedom over slavery, of humanity over inhumanity and Bangladesh came into existence with a new order of society, which would be free from all sorts of exploitation. So the 16th December is remembered for ever as the victory day in the history of Bangladesh because it is the day of complete liberation of the country. The Victory Day is not only a day of joy and gaiety but is also a day of sorrow. On this day we remember the heroic deeds of the countless Bangalees in whose blood the ballad of victory has been written. The government has its way of observing a national day. All the major government and public edifices and buildings hoist the national flag full mast from dawn to dusk. At night, the buildings and other important sites beam with neon and coloured lights. The President or the Prime Minister receive the salute in the march past of the Defence force. Most people enjoy a national holiday. But in the Victory Day more people are found in a celebratory mood than on other national days. The reason is that many had gone through the throes and agonies during the nine-month liberation war, and when finally the victory came they celebrated it with redoubled joy. Different cultural organizations bring out different programmes, and various theatre groups hold street drama containing themes of the liberation war. Some film clubs show films made on the Liberation War. Bangladesh Postal Department releases new stamps. And the whole atmosphere remains jubilant throughout the day. Children and student organisations bring out colourful processions carrying placards and posters. Painting exhibitions by children are held. As the evening sets in, the air is filled with songs. Those memorable songs sung during the liberation war are now rendered by the local artists. And on top of everything you can hear the lectures of different political leaders. How exalting and uplifting their words are! On a personal count the Victory Day is a memorable day for me, because I get my poems published in the Victory Day Supplements of several newspapers. My first impression was that the whole thing looked like a fairyland. The exhibition ground with bright colours, fountains and lighting gave a look of a grand carnival. They were curiously looking at the exhibits watching open airshows, eating and purchasing. At a vibrant spring morning the mega computer fair -- City IT was launched organised by NSU Computer Club (NSUCC) recently brightened up the atmosphere of NSU campus at Banani, Dhaka. At that time I was on the visit to my uncle’s house at Dhaka. I along with my cousin went to visit the fair. The opening of the fair was launched by the Vice Chancellor of NSU. The objective of arranging such computer showcasing event in the winter season is popularising different fields of computer application among the new generation. Large crowds at the fair showed the country is near to the implementation of computer in every sector of the country. Vendors and IT solution providers are busy with gifts and discounts to attract customers in the City IT Faire 2005. Most of the customers of the yearned hi-tech fair are going back to their homes with colourful gifts. At the fair NSUCC is going to introduce some world renowned products of its product-line. Apart from this, NSUCC is displaying the world renowned computer system presently being used in the advanced countries of the world. Furthermore on the eve of the City IT Fair 2005 NSUCC has announced some special services pack. In the fair the authority of NSUCC has also organised the programmes of ‘NSU Genius Hunt 2005. The NSU Genius 2005 was selected from all students who participated in this event with their creative projects using different computer programming languages. The purpose of the ‘Genius Hunt’ was to encourage the students with the works they have done so far while going through the procedure of obtaining their bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering or Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering at NSU. The most thrilling part of the fair that caused the maximum excitement among the students of the whole university was the Movie show that went on for the whole day in a huge hall room of BTA Tower. The fair was through and through a success and also a nice rehearsal for all the members of NSU Computer Club who are the organisers of the up-coming ‘Soft Fair 2005’. On the very opening day of City IT Fair 2005 NSUCC authority is giving an attractive gift pack and surprising discount and scheme as a part of its promotional activities. The fair was a very lively and fascinating combination of hardware exhibition, NSU Genius Hunt, Radio Controlled Toy Car racing and a movie show. THE VICTORY DAY The 16th December is a red letter day in the history of Bangladesh. Pak army surrendered to the allied forces (freedom fighters and Indian forces) after nine months of bloody war and new Bangladesh came into being. It was our long felt and long desired victory. So 16th December is our victory day. It is the day of our great pride and jubilation. The Liberation War of Bangladesh continued for about nine months only but it had the bitter history of discriminate policy for about more than two decades, State language issue became the first discord between the two states in 1952. The resources of East Pakistan began to be plundered by the Punjabi landlords, bureaucrats and military officers. Through general election of 1954, Martial law of 1958, Six Points demand of 1966, Public upsurge of 1969 the people of East Pakistan began to realise the hollowness of the state mechanism. But Awami League despite having absolute majority could not ascend to power due to YahiyaBhuttu conspiracy. With the plea of discussion for transferring power General Yahiya began to collect arms and ammunitions from West Pakistan. Having taken all preparations Yahiya flew to Rawalpindi and signalled the order for Bangalee massacre. On the black night of 25th March Pakistani forces got down the streets of Dhaka to kill unarmed Bangalees. War of liberation started. After nine months of bloody war killing 30 lacs of people and oppressing 2 lacs of women the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistani forces General A. K. Niazi signed the Surrender Deed at 4:30 p.m. at the Racecourse Maidan on 16th December, 1971. The victory day is celebrated with various activities and programmes of government and non-government organisations. This is a public holiday but the national flag is hoisted on the buildings of official installations, shopping centres and residential areas. Armed forces, BNCC, Rover Scout, Girl guide and the students of schools and colleges gather for procession and parade. Literary and cultural organisations hold discussion, seminar and cultural show to mark the day. Radio and television telecast different programmes. Newspapers publish special supplement on the importance of the day. People of Bangladesh proved the fact, through their bloody struggle, that freedom is the birth right of man. The aspirations of the martyred heroes will be achieved only when Bangladesh will enjoy economic freedom.

Paragraph Writing Corona Virus The outbreak of COVID-19, also known as the novel coronavirus, has had a profound impact on the world as we know it. The virus, first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has since spread to every corner of the globe. COVID-19 is highly infectious and is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms range from mild to severe, with some individuals experiencing no symptoms at all. However, for some, particularly the elderly and those with underlying health conditions, the virus can be deadly. In response to the pandemic, governments worldwide have implemented measures such as lockdowns, social distancing guidelines, and mask mandates. Schools have closed, and many students have had to adapt to remote learning, which has posed unique challenges. The pandemic has also disrupted many aspects of daily life, including travel, work, and socializing with friends and family. To slow the spread of COVID-19, it is crucial to follow guidelines recommended by health officials, such as wearing a mask, washing hands frequently, avoiding large gatherings, and practicing social distancing. While vaccines have been developed, the virus continues to spread in some parts of the world, and it is essential to remain vigilant. The pandemic has brought attention to the importance of public health and disease prevention. It has also highlighted the interconnectedness of the world and the need for global cooperation in responding to health crises. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, individuals and communities have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity. Model Answer-2 Advanced Corona Virus The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus, has brought about a profound upheaval in the global landscape. The virus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has spread relentlessly across the world, causing widespread illness and death in its wake. COVID-19 is highly contagious, primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, and its symptoms range from mild to severe, with some individuals remaining asymptomatic. Nevertheless, the virus poses a severe threat to public health, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. In response to this unprecedented crisis, governments worldwide have implemented various measures, such as social distancing protocols, mask mandates, and nationwide lockdowns, to combat the spread of the virus. These measures have had far-reaching effects on various aspects of daily life, including education, employment, and social interaction. Schools and universities have closed their doors, and students have had to adapt to remote learning environments, while many workers have lost their jobs or been forced to work from home.The pandemic has emphasized the importance of prioritizing public health and developing strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Vaccines have been developed and distributed worldwide, but new variants of the virus continue to emerge, necessitating continued vigilance and preventative measures. The pandemic has also highlighted the interconnectedness of the global community and the need for collective action and cooperation to address shared challenges. While the pandemic has posed immense challenges, it has also provided opportunities for reflection and adaptation, as individuals and communities have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in response to the crisis. Model Answer-3 Coronavirus Pandemic The coronavirus is a recently discovered type of virus that can cause diseases in both mammals and birds. Its name, "coronavirus," is derived from the Latin word "corona," which means "crown" or "wreath." This virus is responsible for causing symptoms such as cough, flu, and fever. It can swiftly damage the respiratory system, leading to fatal outcomes for those affected. The specific disease caused by this coronavirus is known as COVID-19, and it is highly contagious. The initial identification of this disease occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and it has since spread worldwide. Common symptoms associated with COVID-19 include fever, cough, fatigue, breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, and a loss of smell and taste. Although most cases exhibit mild symptoms, the virus primarily spreads among individuals through close contact, typically within a distance of two meters or six feet from infected individuals. When infected people cough, sneeze, or even talk, they release small droplets containing the coronavirus, which can transmit COVID-19 to others. Currently, there are no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments available for COVID-19. Preventative measures are crucial in reducing the risk of infection. These measures include staying at home, avoiding crowded places, maintaining physical distance from others, regularly washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, and refraining from touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. It is essential to emphasize the importance of a controlled lifestyle and raising awareness among the general population to effectively combat the spread of the coronavirus. Model Answer-4 Coronavirus Pandemic The global COVID-19 pandemic, stemming from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has brought about significant negative impacts on children worldwide. Like adults, children have not been spared from the social, economic, and psychological repercussions of the pandemic. Their mental well-being, social interactions, educational pursuits, family dynamics, future aspirations, and recreational activities have all been profoundly affected. The prolonged periods of lockdown and social distancing measures have confined children to their homes, disrupting their regular routines and social interactions. The transition to online learning has posed challenges, as many children faced difficulties in understanding lessons without adequate access to necessary technology such as laptops, smartphones, or stable internet connections. Furthermore, the increased screen time during this period has led to the emergence of online gaming addictions among some children, contributing to concerns about their overall well-being. Economically vulnerable families have been forced to rely on child labor as a means of coping with financial hardships exacerbated by the pandemic. Consequently, many children have been compelled to engage in various forms of work to alleviate their families' economic burdens, leading to a rise in child labor rates globally. Moreover, the economic strain has resulted in increased school dropouts, particularly among marginalized communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. The pandemic has also precipitated a surge in early marriages, particularly in rural areas, where families facing economic hardship see marriage as a means of financial relief. With academic institutions shuttered for extended periods, many young female students have been married off by their parents, truncating their educational aspirations and exposing them to the risks associated with early marriage. Model Answer-5 Write a Paragraph on "COVID-19 Pandemic" by answering the following questions: (a) What is coronavirus? (b) Which diseases are caused by coronavirus? (c) What kind of disease is Covid-19? (d) Where was this disease first identified? (e) How is this disease spread? (P Who are at risk of this disease? (g) What are the suggestions for preventing this COVID-19 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first case was found in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of smell and taste. Most people experience mild symptoms, but in severe cases, COVID-19 can cause pneumonia, organ failure, and death. The virus spreads mainly through close contact with infected people. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release small droplets that can infect others. Although people of any age can catch COVID-19, older individuals and those with conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, or diabetes are more likely to experience severe illness. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 requires being well-informed about the disease and how it spreads. Getting vaccinated is essential to prevent COVID-19. Other important measures include wearing masks, washing hands frequently, maintaining physical distance, quarantining if you have symptoms, covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding touching your face with unwashed hands. Practicing good respiratory hygiene, such as coughing into a flexed elbow, and staying home to self-isolate until recovery are also crucial. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and are being distributed in many countries, leading to mass vaccination campaigns. Booster doses are also being administered. As more people get vaccinated, the virus is becoming less of a threat, and the pandemic is no longer causing widespread panic. Composition / Essay Writing

JASHORE BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions: .5×10=5 The ceremony began (a) 10 a.m. Our principal Mr. Rahman presided (b) the function and Member of Parliament Mr. Reza was the chief guest. The function started (c) the recitation from the Holy Quran. One (d) our senior teachers read (e) the annual report. The honorable 2 chief guest delivered a brief but inspiring speech (f) education. He advised the students to be regular (g) the class and attentive (h) studies and take part (i) the movement (j) – illiteracy. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. there it have to as soon as what does …. look like let alone was born would rather had better What’s …. like (a) He cannot read newspaper, — edit a newspaper. (b) — lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. (c) Suhel is a liar. He — give up this bad habit. (d) We — walk fast. Otherwise we will miss the class. (e) He — study English than History. He has interest in literature. (f) — friendship —? Nowadays, it is nothing but a name. (g) Let me know the news — he arrives here. (h) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our national poet. He — in 1899 in a village named Churulia. (i) Teacher: Students, — the national flower of Bangladesh —? (j) — takes two to make a quarrel. 3. Complete the following sentences with suitable clauses/phrases. (a) Sabbir Khan is a quack. He behaves as though —. (b) A proverb goes that —. (c) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for —. (d) Corruption is an obscene to our national development. It is high time —. (e) It is love that —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10-5 Would you mind (a) (receive) my letter. I am extremely sorry for (b) any message about your illness, I (c)- (visit) you. Believe me, since my return from Australia, I (be) late. Had I had have got myself (d) (engage) in raising awareness among people (e) (send) their daughters to school. In this country, girls (f) (deprive) of proper education and guidance. Due to lack of education, they (g) (not know) what they (h) (need). For years, they (i) (neglect) in society. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. “Why are you crying? Do you have any problem?” asked the passer-by. “I am crying because I have none to look after me,” said the street child. “Are you hungry?” “Yes, I am,” said the boy. 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 Drug addiction is a great curse of the present world. (a), a few things were used as drugs. (b) the number of drugs has increased. (c), cocaine, marijuana, opium, heroin, or morphine, etc. (d) – offer another world to the addicted ones. (e) they do not know that this addiction destroys the inner part of the body of addicted persons. (f) why do many people take drugs? The reasons are many. (g) some people are tempted by their so-called friends to have a taste of a drug. (h) – they are trapped forever. (i) some people take drugs to forget the frustration of their life. (j) those who become drug addicts, cannot live a normal life. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, you are an inhabitant of Cox’s Bazar. Write a letter to the Chairman of Electricity Board of your district complaining about frequent power failure in your area. 8. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting between ‘City Life and Rural Life’ within 200 words. 10 Key Jashore Board-2022 English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) at (b) over (c) with (d) of (e) out (f) on (g) in (h) to (i) in 0) against 2. (a) let alone (b) There (c) had better (d) have to (e) would rather (f) What's like (g) As soon as (h) was born (i) what does look like 0) It 3. (a) Sabbir Khan is a quack. He behaves as though he were a doctor. (b) A proverb goes that ill got, ill spent. (c) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for me to lift. (d) Corruption is an obscene to our national development. It is high time we stopped corruption. (e) It is love that wins everything in this world. 4. (a) receiving (b) being (c) would have (d) engaged (e) to send (f) are deprived (g) do not know (h) need (i) have been neglected 5. The passer-by asked the street child why he was crying. He also asked him if he had any problem. The street child replied that he was crying because I had none to look after him. The passer-by asked him if he was hungry. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he was hungry. 6. (a) In the past (b) now (c) for example (d) for the time being (e) even (f) but (g) for example (h) eventually (i) again j) in the end

MYMENSINGH BOARD-2022 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER Part A: Grammar (30 Marks) 1. Complete the text with suitable prepositions. .5×10=5 A teacher is an architect (a) a nation. He plays an important role (b) building up an educated nation. He dispels the darkness (c) – ignorance (d) the lot of a nation. He is an actor, so to speak. He has to suit his act according (e) — the need of his audience which is which his class. He is a clear speaker (f) good, strong and pleasing voice which is (g) – his control. He does not sit motionless (h) his class. Everybody has something valuable (i) him. A good teacher discovers the treasure hidden inside each student. He also wants the students to be happy and for this he keeps them busy. A good teacher never hankers (j) money. 2. Complete the sentences with suitable phrases/words given in the box. .5×10=5 have to/has to not only…. but also it was born as soon as what does…… look like there let alone would rather had better (a) Manners make a man. Students — practice good manners in everyday life. (b) Most students in our country are weak in English. They — follow the advice of their teachers for improvement. (c) Cox’s Bazar is a popular tourist hub. — are many nice hotels for tourists. (d) The other day, I met an old rickshaw puller. He told me that he — pull a rickshaw than beg. (e) A poor man struggles hard to survive in our country. He can hardly earn Tk. 200 a day, — Tk. 2.000. (f) In Dhaka city, traffic jam is very common. — may occur anywhere, anytime. (g) Smoking is one of the major causes of heart attack and cancer. — a smoker stops smoking, he can avoid the risk of many health hazards. (h) Have you ever heard the name of William Shakespeare? He — on 23 April 1564 in England. He was one of the greatest dramatists of the world. (i) Son: Dad, — an alien —? Father: Well. Aliens are believed to come from another planet by UFOS. Films and science fictions tell us about them. They are really awesome. (j) Learning more than one language — improves a person’s capacity boosts his confidence. So, children are being taught more than one language. 3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases. 1×5=5 (a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to —. (b) We are a free nation now. 1971 is the year when —. (c) I don’t have enough money. Had I been a rich man, —. (d) My final examination is going on. I studied hard lest I —. (e) Man proposes, —. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with correct form of verbs as per subject and context. .5×10=5 People who (a)(appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history (b) – (be) great conquerors and generals. Whereas, the people who really (c) (help) civilization forward are often never (d) (mention) at all. We do not know who first (e) (set) a broken leg or (f)-(launch) a sea worthy boat or (g) (calculate) the length of a year. The great men are those who (h) (work) ceaselessly to quicken the pace of civilization. On the contrary, the condemned men are those who (i) (cause) bloodshed and violence in the world. All of us praise the great men of the world. We are highly indebted to those great men who contributed a lot to (j) (flourish) the civilization. 5. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches. Jerry said. “I can chop some wood today.” “But I have a boy coming from the orphanage.” “I’m the boy. “You? But you are small.” “Size does not matter, chopping wood,” Jerry said, “Some of the big boys don’t chop good. I’ve been chopping wood at the orphanage for a long time.” 6. Use appropriate sentence connectors/linkers in the blank spaces of the following passage. .5×10=5 The old sailor spoke so strangely (a) the guest stood still. The feast began (b) the guest could hear the music and laughter, (c) – -for some reasons he could not join the others. The old man told him about his last journey on the sea. They had sailed away to the south (d) they had arrived in the cold grey sea. (e) the sea was frozen. (f) – the ice was all around them. The big sails opened wide (g) the strong wind blew them quickly through the icy waters. The weather was very cold. () there were no birds and animals in that snow covered country. But one day the sailors saw an albatross flying towards the ship. All men were very pleased to see it and they gave it food and water. It came to the ship every day (i) they called it. ()- one day. the old sailor killed the bird and after that everyone had to undergo terrible sufferings. Part B: Composition (20 Marks) 7. Suppose, a big canal runs along your village. People have to cross it every day but they face many problems due to a damaged bridge. Now, write a letter to the Chairman of your Union Parishad for repairing the bridge immediately. 10 8. Write a paragraph within 200 words about the “Causes of Failure in English and their Remedies.” 10 Key English Second Paper Part A 1. (a) of (b) in (c) of (d) from (e) to (0 with (g) under (h) in (i) within/ in 0) after 2. (a) have to (b) had better (c) there (d) would rather (e) let alone (fl It (g) As soon as (h) was born (i) What does look like j) not only but also 3. (a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to serving the sick and the wounded. (b) We area free nation now. 1971 is the year when we got our freedom. (c) I don't have enough money. Had I been a rich man, I would have helped the poor. (d) My final examination is going on. I studied hard lest I should fail in the examination. (e) Man proposes, but God disposes. 4. (a) appear (b) are (c) helped (d) mentioned (e) set (fl launched (g) calculated (h) worked (i) caused j) flourish 5. Jerry said that he could chop some wood that day. She replied that she had a boy coming from the orphanage. Jerry told her that he was the boy. She asked Jerry if it was him. She also said that he was small. Jerry said that size does not matter chopping wood. He added that some of the big boys did not chop wood. He further said that he had been chopping wood at the orphanage fora long time. 6. (a) that (b) and (c) but (d) until (e) Even (fl And (g) as (h) And (i) when 0) But

Complete the following story with the cue below : When I was five my father took me to a school quite far away from our home. There I followed my father to a room where I saw 'a big bald-headed man. He looked pleased to see my father but I got frightened when PB Ans.     My First Day at School When I was five my father took me to a school quite far away from our home. There I followed my father to a room where I saw 'a big bald-headed man. He looked pleased to see my father but I got frightened . The day I entered Class-I, I felt a mix of nervousness and excitement. As I took my seat in the noisy room, I was quickly surrounded by curious classmates eager to know more about me. Despite my initial nerves, I soon found myself at ease, especially after making friends with one of the boys who invited me to sit beside him. Little did I know that this friendship would last throughout my entire school life. When the teacher entered the classroom, we all stood up to salute him. His warm smile immediately put me at ease, and I answered his questions about my name with confidence. His methodical approach to teaching English left a lasting impression on me, as did the other teachers who conducted their classes with equal effectiveness. During our leisure period, I joined my classmates in going to the nearby mosque to perform our prayers. Afterwards, we enjoyed our tiffin before returning to class for two more periods of learning. Throughout the day, my experience remained positive, and I felt that I was able to earn the respect and affection of both my teachers and classmates. Upon returning home, I shared my feelings and experiences with my parents, emphasizing how impressed I was by the school's discipline. This first day of school marked the beginning of a journey filled with learning, friendships, and personal growth.

Complete the following story following the clue. There was an old woman in Makkah. She used to set thorns on the way of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.). Everyday at dawn when he went to Kaba, the holy temple built by Abraham, he got hurt by the thorns and the woman laughed from a little distance. .... - ------- - - --- --- Ans.     How the Prophet (Sm.) Won the Heart of his Enemy There was an old woman in Makkah. She used to set thorns on the way of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.). Everyday at dawn when he went to Kaba, the holy temple built by Abraham, he got hurt by the thorns and the woman laughed from a little distance. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) exemplified kindness and nobility by forgiving even his enemies. One day, as he made his way to the Kaaba, he noticed that the path was free of thorns. This struck him as unusual, as it was customary for an old woman to set thorns along the path. Concerned, he searched for the old woman but could not find her. Realizing that the old woman might be unwell, Prophet Muhammad decided to visit her. He quickly made his way to her hut and found her lying on her sickbed, tears streaming down her face. He inquired about her health and why she had neglected her usual duty. The woman, feeling ashamed, was at a loss for words. Prophet Muhammad, with his compassionate heart, offered his assistance to help the woman recover quickly. Witnessing his kindness and selflessness, the woman came to a profound realization. She understood that the man whom she had caused inconvenience was indeed a true Prophet, a messenger of Allah. Overcome with remorse, she embraced Islam, recognizing the greatness of Prophet Muhammad's character. This incident serves as a powerful example of how Islam spread not through force or coercion, but through the tolerance, compassion, and magnanimity of Prophet Muhammad. His actions demonstrated the essence of Islam, which emphasizes forgiveness, kindness, and love for all humanity.

Complete the following story following the clue. Once upon a time there was a king in England. He had three daughters. He made up .his mind to divide his kingdom among them. He wanted to know, firstly, how much they loved him. Ans. King Lear, A Tragic Figure Once upon a time there was a king in England. He had three daughters. He made up his mind to divide his kingdom among them. He wanted to know, firstly, how much they loved him. His name was king Lear. As he grew old, he decided it was time to hand over his responsibilities to his daughters. He had three daughters, but he loved his youngest daughter, Cordelia, the most. King Lear wanted to give her the best part of the kingdom. To determine who deserved what, he called all his daughters to the court and asked them how much they loved him. First, King Lear asked his eldest daughter, Goneril, to express her love. Goneril declared before everyone, "Sir, I love you more than words can say. You are dearer to me than my own life. I love you with all my heart and will always love you." The king was pleased with her answer. Next, he turned to his second daughter, Regan, and asked the same question. Regan replied, "I love you as much as my elder sister, but indeed I love you more. My love for you will never change. My happiness is in loving you." King Lear was even more satisfied with Regan's response. Finally, the king asked his youngest and dearest daughter, Cordelia, "What can you say to show your love more than your sisters? Speak." Cordelia simply said, "Nothing, my lord." Lear, surprised, asked again, "Nothing?" Cordelia repeated, "Nothing." King Lear, confused and disappointed, said, "Nothing will come of nothing. Speak again." Cordelia responded, "I am unhappy that I cannot express my love in grand words. I love your Majesty as a daughter should, no more, no less." King Lear was not satisfied with this honest and simple answer. He expected more flattery and grand declarations. Out of frustration and emotion, he disowned Cordelia, cutting off all ties and denying her any share of the kingdom. Thus, the elder sisters, Goneril and Regan, became the successors. In the end, King Lear's decision led to tragedy. He could not get along with his elder daughters, and they treated him poorly. Heartbroken and unable to bear their cruelty, Lear wandered into the wilderness. Only Cordelia, the daughter he had disowned, came to his aid and stood by him in his time of need, proving her true love and loyalty. The True Measure of Love Once upon a time, there was a king in England who had three daughters. As he grew older, he decided it was time to divide his kingdom among them. However, before doing so, he wanted to determine how much each daughter loved him. One day, he called his daughters to his throne room and asked them to express their love for him in words. The eldest daughter, Seraphina, stepped forward first. "Father," she said, "I love you as much as all the wealth and treasures of this kingdom. My love for you is like gold and diamonds, shining and precious." The king nodded, somewhat pleased, and then turned to his second daughter, Genevieve. "And you, my dear, how much do you love me?" Genevieve smiled and said, "Father, I love you more than all the beauty and splendor of this world. My love is like the sun that brightens the day and the moon that lights the night." The king was quite happy with this response and finally turned to his youngest daughter, Cordelia. "And you, my dear Cordelia, how much do you love me?" Cordelia looked at her father with gentle eyes and said, "Father, I love you as much as salt." The king was taken aback and somewhat disappointed by Cordelia's seemingly simple response. "Salt? Is that all?" he asked, feeling hurt and undervalued. Cordelia nodded, "Yes, Father. Salt may seem ordinary, but it is essential. It adds flavor to our food and preserves it. Without salt, our meals would be bland and life would lack savor. My love for you is simple, constant, and indispensable." The king did not understand the depth of Cordelia's words and, feeling insulted, decided to give her no part of the kingdom. He divided the land between Seraphina and Genevieve, who had professed their love in grander terms. Years passed, and the kingdom began to suffer under the rule of Seraphina and Genevieve. They were more interested in their own pleasures and wealth than the well-being of the kingdom. The lands became neglected, and the people grew unhappy. One day, a great famine struck the land. Food became scarce, and the importance of salt in preserving what little food they had left became evident. The king, now frail and wise with age, realized the true meaning of Cordelia's words. Salt was indeed essential, just as Cordelia’s love had been sincere and unwavering. Regretful of his decision, the king sought out Cordelia, who had been living modestly in a neighboring kingdom. He begged for her forgiveness and asked her to return and help restore their homeland. Cordelia, ever kind and loving, forgave her father and returned. With her wise and just leadership, she brought prosperity back to the kingdom. The people flourished, and the land once again became a place of happiness and abundance. Moral of the Story: True love is not always grand or showy; it is often simple, constant, and essential. King Lear And His Daughters A long time ago, there was an old king in England named King Lear. He have three daughter: Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia. King Lear was tired of ruling and he wanted to give his kingdom to his three daughter. But before giving kingdom, he wanted to know how much they love him. First, he asked Goneril, his oldest daughter, How much do you love me? Goneril said, I love you more than words i can say. King Lear was happy with her answer. Then he asked his second daughter, Regan, the same question. She said, I love you just as much as my sister. King Lear was very happy again. Finally, he asked Cordelia, his youngest and favorite daughter, How much do you love me? Cordelia dont want to lie, so she said, I love you just like a daughter should love her father. King Lear was very angry when he heard this. He think the Cordelia dont love him enough. So, he sent her away from the kingdom and give her share of the land to her two sisters. Cordelia went to live in the forest. One day, a prince from France saw her and like her. prince asked Cordelia to marry him, and they got married. Meanwhile, King Lear other two daughters, Goneril and Regan, stopped caring about him. They didn’t treat him well, and he felt very sad. After some time, they forced him to leave the kingdom. Cordelia heard about this and came back with an army from France to help her father. She rescued her father, and King Lear finally understood that Cordelia was the daughter who truly loved him. Finally, King Lear realized that her honest love was worth more than the empty words of her sisters. King Lear and HIs Daughter Once upon a time there was a king in England. He had three daughters. He made up his mind to divide his kingdom among them. He wanted to know, firstly, how much they loved him and decided to give the largest share to the one who loves him best. His two elder daughters Goneril and Regan both proclaim in fulsome terms that they love him more than anything in the world, which pleases him. Cordelia, his younger daughter, speaks temperately and honestly, which annoys him. In his anger he disinherits her, and divides the kingdom between the other two, Goneril and Regan. After dividing the empire, Lear announces he will live alternately with Goneril and Regan, and their husbands. But within a very short period, Lear discovers that now that Goneril and Regan have his empire, they no longer respect him. Both of them rebuked him for so much expenseon him. They suggest him to cut down but he could not stand such ingratitude and as the consequences of his misunderstanding about his daughters prick him all the time, he went out of the house and lived wandering about the deserted land. When the news of such pitiable condition reaches Cordelia, she runs to save her father who once left her. She with her husband, the king of France, started a war against her two elder who had inflicted pain on her father. In the course of the war, the two elder daughters fell dead out of fear, jealousy and intrigue On the other hand, Cordelia was killed though Lear slew the killer. The agony of the death of Cordelia, the only daughter who truly loved him, cajoled him into desperate mood and at one point he also collapsed dead on the lap of Cordelia. কিং লিয়ার এবং তার কন্যারা অনেক দিন আগে, ইংল্যান্ডে কিং লিয়ার নামে একজন বৃদ্ধ রাজা ছিলেন। তার তিন মেয়ে ছিল: গোনেরিল, রেগান এবং কর্ডেলিয়া। কিং লিয়ার রাজত্ব করতে করতে ক্লান্ত হয়ে পড়েছিলেন এবং তিনি তার তিন মেয়েকে তার রাজ্য দিতে চেয়েছিলেন। কিন্তু রাজ্য দেওয়ার আগে তিনি জানতে চেয়েছিলেন যে তারা তাকে কতটা ভালোবাসে। প্রথমে, তিনি তার বড় মেয়ে গোনেরিলকে জিজ্ঞাসা করেছিলেন, তুমি আমাকে কতটা ভালোবাসো? গোনেরিল বললেন, আমি তোমাকে যতটা কথা বলতে পারি তার চেয়েও বেশি ভালোবাসি। কিং লিয়ার তার উত্তরে খুশি হলেন। তারপর তিনি তার দ্বিতীয় মেয়ে রেগানকে একই প্রশ্ন করলেন। তিনি বললেন, আমি তোমাকে আমার বোনের মতোই ভালোবাসি। কিং লিয়ার আবার খুব খুশি হলেন। অবশেষে, তিনি তার ছোট এবং প্রিয় মেয়ে কর্ডেলিয়াকে জিজ্ঞাসা করলেন, তুমি আমাকে কতটা ভালোবাসো? কর্ডেলিয়া মিথ্যা বলতে চান না, তাই তিনি বললেন, আমি তোমাকে ঠিক তেমনই ভালোবাসি যেমন একটি মেয়ের তার বাবাকে ভালোবাসতে হয়। এই কথা শুনে কিং লিয়ার খুব রেগে গেলেন। সে মনে করে কর্ডেলিয়া তাকে যথেষ্ট ভালোবাসে না। তাই, সে তাকে রাজ্য থেকে বিতাড়িত করে এবং তার দুই বোনকে জমির অংশ দেয়। কর্ডেলিয়া বনে বাস করতে চলে যায়। একদিন, ফ্রান্সের এক রাজপুত্র তাকে দেখে তার পছন্দ হয়। রাজপুত্র কর্ডেলিয়াকে তার সাথে বিয়ে করতে বলে এবং তারা বিয়ে করে। এদিকে, কিং লিয়ারের অন্য দুই মেয়ে, গোনেরিল এবং রেগান, তার প্রতি যত্ন নেওয়া বন্ধ করে দেয়। তারা তার সাথে ভালো ব্যবহার করেনি এবং সে খুব দুঃখিত হয়েছিল। কিছু সময় পর, তারা তাকে রাজ্য ছেড়ে যেতে বাধ্য করে। কর্ডেলিয়া এই কথা শুনে তার বাবাকে সাহায্য করার জন্য ফ্রান্স থেকে একটি সেনাবাহিনী নিয়ে ফিরে আসে। সে তার বাবাকে উদ্ধার করে, এবং কিং লিয়ার অবশেষে বুঝতে পারে যে কর্ডেলিয়াই সেই মেয়ে যে তাকে সত্যিই ভালোবাসে। অবশেষে, কিং লিয়ার বুঝতে পারে যে তার সৎ ভালোবাসা তার বোনদের খালি কথার চেয়েও মূল্যবান।