An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs often provide information about how, when, where, or to what degree an action is performed. They add details to sentences, helping to provide a clearer picture of the action or circumstance. Here are some examples of adverbs in sentences: She sings beautifully. (Describes how she sings) They arrived late. (Describes when they arrived) He works extremely hard. (Describes the degree of his hard work) The dog ran quickly. (Describes how the dog ran) They live nearby. (Describes the location of their residence) Adverbs can answer questions like "how," "when," "where," "why," and "to what extent." They play a crucial role in enhancing the meaning and precision of sentences in English. Types of Adverb Adverbs of Manner: Description: Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. Examples: She sang beautifully during the concert. The chef prepared the dish carefully to avoid any mistakes. The children played in the garden joyfully. He answered the question quickly. They completed the project efficiently. The athlete ran the marathon tirelessly. Description: Adverbs of frequency indicate how often an action occurs. Examples: I always brush my teeth twice a day. They rarely go to the beach during weekdays. She visits her grandparents occasionally on weekends. We usually have dinner at 7 PM every day. He never forgets birthdays anymore. They jog in the park seldom. Description: Adverbs of time provide information about when an action takes place. Examples: They will arrive tomorrow for the conference. She woke up early to catch the sunrise. He left the office at noon sharp. The party starts soon after sunset. We go to the gym every evening. The train departs tonight. Description: Adverbs of place describe the location or direction of an action. Examples: The cat is hiding upstairs in the attic. They looked everywhere for the lost keys. The kids are playing outside in the garden. She placed the keys here on the table. We searched high and low but couldn't find it. The restaurant is nearby. Description: Adverbs of degree modify the intensity or degree of an adjective, adverb, or verb. Examples: It's very hot outside, so be careful. She works extremely hard to meet her goals. He is quite intelligent for his age. They are somewhat disappointed with the results. The movie was too loud for my liking. The exam was rather difficult. Description: Adverbs of certainty indicate the level of certainty or probability of an action. Examples: Certainly, I can help you with the task. He will probably be late due to traffic. She is undoubtedly talented in her field. It may rain later, so bring an umbrella. I am surely coming to the party, barring any unforeseen events. The team is almost certain to win the championship. Description: Adverbs of sequence specify the order or sequence of actions. Examples: First, we need to prepare the ingredients for the recipe. Secondly, mix the flour and sugar thoroughly. Finally, bake the cake in the oven at 350°F. Next, add the spices for flavor. Last, enjoy your delicious homemade meal. Initially, gather all the required materials for the experiment. Identify the adverb in each sentence and specify its type (manner, frequency, time, place, degree, certainty, or sequence). She spoke softly during the meeting. They usually travel by train. The sun sets beautifully over the horizon. I will arrive there tomorrow morning. The children played outside joyfully. He worked too quickly on the assignment. She has never been to Paris. We often go hiking in the mountains. The car is parked right here. The storm arrived unexpectedly. He read the book silently. They will probably finish the project by next week. She danced gracefully at the ballet. They shouted loudly at the concert. I am certainly looking forward to the event. The cat is sleeping peacefully on the windowsill. We traveled to Rome last summer. He completed the puzzle successfully. The meeting will commence shortly. The team won the championship convincingly. Answer She spoke softly during the meeting. (Manner: softly) They usually travel by train. (Frequency: usually) The sun sets beautifully over the horizon. (Manner: beautifully) I will arrive there tomorrow morning. (Time: tomorrow morning) The children played outside joyfully. (Manner: joyfully; Place: outside) He worked too quickly on the assignment. (Degree: too quickly) She has never been to Paris. (Frequency: never; Place: to Paris) We often go hiking in the mountains. (Frequency: often; Place: in the mountains) The car is parked right here. (Place: right here) The storm arrived unexpectedly. (Manner: unexpectedly) He read the book silently. (Manner: silently) They will probably finish the project by next week. (Certainty: probably; Time: by next week) She danced gracefully at the ballet. (Manner: gracefully) They shouted loudly at the concert. (Manner: loudly) I am certainly looking forward to the event. (Certainty: certainly) The cat is sleeping peacefully on the windowsill. (Manner: peacefully; Place: on the windowsill) We traveled to Rome last summer. (Time: last summer) He completed the puzzle successfully. (Degree: successfully) The meeting will commence shortly. (Time: shortly) The team won the championship convincingly. (Manner: convincingly) Identify the adverb in each sentence and specify its type (manner, frequency, time, place, degree, certainty, sequence, or conjunctive) The gymnast performed the routine gracefully, earning a perfect score. The professor teaches the class twice a week. Now, close your books and take a break. The students gathered here for the club meeting. The chef added salt to the dish sparingly, as it needed only a hint of flavor. However, despite the setback, the team continued with the project. She completed the task quickly, demonstrating her efficiency. The train arrives at the station daily at 8 AM. The hikers reached the summit finally, after hours of climbing. Moreover, the CEO emphasized the importance of teamwork in the company's success. The detective searched for evidence thoroughly, examining every detail. The speaker addressed the audience eloquently, captivating their attention. The singer hit the high note perfectly, impressing the entire audience. The driver navigated the winding roads carefully, avoiding any mishaps. The storm arrived unexpectedly, catching everyone by surprise. The artist painted the mural vibrantly, using a myriad of colors. The athlete trained intensely, preparing for the upcoming championship. The CEO discussed the financial report briefly, summarizing key points. The children played outside, enjoying the warm sunshine. Meanwhile, the researchers continued their experiments in the lab. Answer: gracefully (Manner) twice (Frequency) Now (Time) here (Place) sparingly (Degree) However (Conjunctive) quickly (Manner) daily (Frequency) finally (Sequence) Moreover (Conjunctive) thoroughly (Manner) eloquently (Manner) perfectly (Degree) carefully (Manner) unexpectedly (Manner) vibrantly (Manner) intensely (Degree) briefly (Degree) outside (Place) Meanwhile (Conjunctive)

Ellipsis in English grammar occurs when we omit certain elements that are expected based on grammatical rules. It is a common phenomenon in spoken and informal English. Let's explore different aspects of ellipsis with new examples: General Ellipsis Examples: Absolutely sure [that] she's coming to the party. I'm absolutely sure she's coming to the party. A: [Have you] Checked the weather forecast? B: Yes, [I’ve] Checked it. Looks like rain. She sang and [she] played the guitar simultaneously. She sang and played the guitar at the same time. A: [Are] You coming to the meeting? B: Yes. [I’m] Definitely attending. [I’m] Just running a bit late. Textual Ellipsis Examples: 5. I knew [that] something wonderful would happen. I knew something wonderful would happen. We went for a walk and [we] took some amazing photos. We went for a walk and took some amazing photos. Situational Ellipsis Examples: 7. [I] Wonder where Steve is. Wonder where Steve is? A: I saw Janice in town. [She] Said she’s getting married next year. B: Really? A: Yeah. [She] Met some guy and got engaged after only a couple of weeks, apparently. [Is] Richard coming tonight? Is Richard coming tonight? Subject Pronouns & Auxiliary Verbs Examples: 10. [Have you] Finished your homework? - Finished your homework? A: [Do you] Want some tea? B: Is there any? A: Yeah. [I’ve] Just made some. [Is] Richard coming tonight? Is Richard coming tonight? Questions with Question Tags Examples: 13. [He] Gave up his job, did he? I thought he would. - Gave up his job, did he? I thought he would. [You] Wrote to the local newspaper, did you? Good idea. Wrote to the local newspaper, did you? Good idea. Articles Omission Examples: 15. [The] Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? - Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? A: What are you looking for? B: [A] Pen. Can you see one anywhere? What are you looking for? Pen. Can you see one anywhere? Fixed Expressions Examples: 17. I’d love to go with you. [The] Trouble is, I’ve got to work this Saturday. - I’d love to go with you. Trouble is, I’ve got to work on Saturday this week. I can’t read that. I’m [as] Blind as a bat without my glasses. I can’t read that. I’m blind as a bat without my glasses. 30 advanced examples of ellipsis, each based on separate rules: After the intense workout, the athlete felt invigorated; the coach, accomplished. (Coordination ellipsis) She tackled the difficult negotiations; he, the diplomatic relations. (Coordination ellipsis) The singer delivered a powerful performance; the guitarist, a mesmerizing solo. (Coordination ellipsis) The CEO outlined the strategic plan; the CFO, the financial projections. (Coordination ellipsis) The scientist conducted groundbreaking research; the collaborator, complementary studies. (Coordination ellipsis) The movie director focused on cinematography; the screenwriter, engaging dialogue. (Coordination ellipsis) The software engineer debugged the code; the tester, various scenarios. (Coordination ellipsis) The chef perfected the dessert; the pastry chef, the intricate decorations. (Coordination ellipsis) The architect designed the exterior; the interior designer, the aesthetic interiors. (Coordination ellipsis) The professor discussed the historical context; the guest lecturer, the contemporary implications. (Coordination ellipsis) She could sleep in the study on the sofa. (Substitution) The Chairman threatened to resign, and he finally did so in 2008. (Substitution) I’d better not [have another cake]. I’m supposed to be on a diet. (Subject Pronoun Ellipsis) [Is] Richard coming tonight? (Auxiliary Verb Ellipsis) I can’t read that. I’m [as] blind as a bat without my glasses. (Fixed Expression Ellipsis) [The] Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? (Article Ellipsis) We went for a walk and [we] took some lovely photographs. (Coordination ellipsis) He wrote to [everyone he could think of who might help] and [he] phoned everyone he could think of who might help. (Coordination ellipsis) The scientist conducted groundbreaking research; the collaborator, complementary studies. (Coordination ellipsis) I knew [that] something terrible had happened. (Textual ellipsis) Maureen was glad [that] we had called in to see her. (Textual ellipsis) Are you afraid [that] you won’t get a job when you leave college? (Textual ellipsis) We went for a walk and [we] took some lovely photographs. (Textual ellipsis) He wrote to [everyone he could think of who might help] and [he] phoned everyone he could think of who might help. (Textual ellipsis) I can remember his face but [I] can’t remember his name. (Textual ellipsis) Do you want to stay in or [do you want to] go out tonight? (Textual ellipsis) The pilot navigated the flight path; the co-pilot, the communication with air traffic control. (Coordination ellipsis) The teacher explained complex concepts; the tutor, individualized learning strategies. (Coordination ellipsis) The event planner coordinated logistics; the decorator, the aesthetic arrangements. (Coordination ellipsis) The conductor led the orchestra; the concertmaster, the synchronization of instruments. (Coordination ellipsis) 30 advanced examples showcasing different types of ellipsis: He prefers fiction; she, non-fiction. You can either join us for coffee or watch a movie; the choice is yours. Some liked the new policy, while others vehemently opposed it. The concert was unforgettable; the play, not so much. In summer, she enjoys swimming; in winter, skiing. They invested in stocks; we, in real estate. The politician promised reforms; his opponent, stability. The chef recommends the pasta; the waiter, the seafood. After the meeting, John headed to the gym; Jane, to the library. Our team won the championship; theirs, the hearts of the fans. The project requires dedication; the timeline, precision. His strengths lie in strategy; hers, in execution. The detective found the clue; the journalist, the hidden truth. During the discussion, he emphasized facts; she, the emotional impact. You can choose the red dress; I, the blue one. He adores classical music; she, the energy of rock. The explorer conquered mountains; the scientist, uncharted territories. His art is abstract; hers, realism. The professor emphasizes theory; the practitioner, practicality. The company values innovation; the competitor, tradition. The architect designed the exterior; the interior, by a different artist. He finished the main course; she, the delectable dessert. The car is fuel-efficient; the bike, environmentally friendly. In negotiations, he prioritizes compromise; she, assertiveness. They discuss politics at the dinner table; we, avoid controversial topics. He focuses on efficiency; she, on creating a positive work culture. The director handles production; the producer, securing funding. The author wrote the introduction; the editor, the final chapter. He enjoys morning runs; she, evening strolls. They appreciate modern art; we, classical masterpieces. Showing the ellipsis in brackets He prefers fiction; [she prefers] non-fiction. You can either join us for coffee or [you can] watch a movie; the choice is yours. Some liked the new policy, while [some] others vehemently opposed it. The concert was unforgettable; [however,] the play, not so much. In summer, [she enjoys] swimming; in winter, [she enjoys] skiing. They invested in stocks; [on the other hand,] we [invested] in real estate. The politician promised reforms; [in contrast,] his opponent [promised] stability. The chef recommends the pasta; [meanwhile,] the waiter [recommends] the seafood. After the meeting, John [headed] to the gym; Jane, [on the other hand, headed] to the library. Our team [won] the championship; theirs, [on the other hand, won] the hearts of the fans. The project requires dedication; [on the other hand,] the timeline [requires] precision. His strengths [lie] in strategy; hers, [on the other hand, lie] in execution. The detective [found] the clue; the journalist, [on the other hand, found] the hidden truth. During the discussion, he [emphasized] facts; she, [on the other hand, emphasized] the emotional impact. You can choose the red dress; I, [on the other hand, will choose] the blue one. He adores classical music; she, [on the other hand, adores] the energy of rock. The explorer [conquered] mountains; the scientist, [on the other hand, conquered] uncharted territories. His art [is] abstract; hers, [on the other hand, is] realism. The professor [emphasizes] theory; the practitioner, [on the other hand, emphasizes] practicality. The company [values] innovation; the competitor, [on the other hand, values] tradition. The architect [designed] the exterior; the interior, [on the other hand, was designed by] a different artist. He [finished] the main course; she, [on the other hand, finished] the delectable dessert. The car [is] fuel-efficient; the bike, [on the other hand, is] environmentally friendly. In negotiations, he [prioritizes] compromise; she, [on the other hand, prioritizes] assertiveness. They [discuss] politics at the dinner table; we, [on the other hand,] avoid controversial topics. He [focuses] on efficiency; she, [on the other hand, focuses] on creating a positive work culture. The director [handles] production; the producer, [on the other hand, handles] securing funding. The author [wrote] the introduction; the editor, [on the other hand, wrote] the final chapter. He [enjoys] morning runs; she, [on the other hand, enjoys] evening strolls. They [appreciate] modern art; we, [on the other hand, appreciate] classical masterpieces. Complete the sentences using ellipsis. A: [Do you] Know where my keys are? B: Yes, [they're] on the kitchen table. [She] Promised to call, but [she] hasn’t yet. A: [Will you] Join us for dinner? B: No, [I won't]. [I've] Already eaten. [Have] You read the book? No, [I haven’t]. A: [Can you] Pass me the salt? B: Sure, here [it] is. [He] Said he’d be here by 3, but [he's] running late. [Do] You play the guitar? No, [I] play the piano. A: [Is] Susan coming to the party? B: I don’t think [she] is. [Is] This your jacket? No, [it's] my brother's. A: [Did you] Enjoy the movie? B: No, [I] found it boring. [Did] You bake these cookies? No, [I] bought them. [Was] It raining when you left? No, [it] was clear. A: [Will you] Call me later? B: Yes, [I'll] call after work. [He] Invited everyone to the meeting, but [he] forgot to send the agenda. A: [Can you] Hand me the remote? B: Sorry, [I] can't reach it. [Do] You know where Tom is? Yes, [he] went to the store. [Is] This your dog? No, [it's] my neighbor's. A: [Would you] Like some more cake? B: No, [I'm] full. [He] Said he could fix the car, but [he] needs more tools. [Did] You lock the door? No, [I] forgot. Answers: A: Do you know where my keys are? B: Yes, they're on the kitchen table. She promised to call, but she hasn’t yet. A: Will you join us for dinner? B: No, I won't. I've already eaten. Have you read the book? No, I haven’t. A: Can you pass me the salt? B: Sure, here it is. He said he’d be here by 3, but he's running late. Do you play the guitar? No, I play the piano. A: Is Susan coming to the party? B: I don’t think she is. Is this your jacket? No, it's my brother's. A: Did you enjoy the movie? B: No, I found it boring. Did you bake these cookies? No, I bought them. Was it raining when you left? No, it was clear. A: Will you call me later? B: Yes, I'll call after work. He invited everyone to the meeting, but he forgot to send the agenda. A: Can you hand me the remote? B: Sorry, I can't reach it. Do you know where Tom is? Yes, he went to the store. Is this your dog? No, it's my neighbor's. A: Would you like some more cake? B: No, I'm full. He said he could fix the car, but he needs more tools. Did you lock the door? No, I forgot.

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that is improperly positioned in a sentence, creating confusion about what it is supposed to modify. The modifier is said to be "dangling" because it doesn't have a clear, logical connection to the word it's supposed to modify. Here's a more detailed breakdown: Definition: A dangling modifier occurs when the word or phrase intended to modify a noun is placed in a position that doesn't clearly or logically connect to the noun. Example: Incorrect: Walking down the street, the flowers caught my attention. In this sentence, "Walking down the street" is a dangling modifier because it seems to suggest that the flowers are walking down the street. However, the intended meaning is that the speaker was walking down the street when they noticed the flowers. Corrected: Walking down the street, I noticed the flowers. Common Types of Dangling Modifiers with ample examples and explanation 1. Participial Phrase: Incorrect: Having finished my work, the computer crashed. Explanation: The participial phrase "Having finished my work" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, creating confusion about who or what finished the work. Corrected: Having finished my work, I realized that the computer had crashed. 2. Infinitive Phrase: Incorrect: To improve my health, jogging every morning was the first step. Explanation: The infinitive phrase "To improve my health" is not clearly connected to the subject performing the action, leading to ambiguity. Corrected: To improve my health, I decided to take the first step by jogging every morning. 3. Prepositional Phrase: Incorrect: With my hands tied, the project became more challenging. Explanation: The prepositional phrase "With my hands tied" creates confusion about what is tied, suggesting the project itself has hands. Corrected: With my hands tied, I found the project more challenging. 4. Absolute Phrase: Incorrect: Weather permitting, the event will be held outdoors. Explanation: The absolute phrase "Weather permitting" is not clearly connected to the subject, making it unclear whose perspective is considered. Corrected: Weather permitting, we will hold the event outdoors. 5. Gerund Phrase: Incorrect: After finishing their meal, the dishes were washed. Explanation: The gerund phrase "After finishing their meal" seems to imply that the dishes themselves finished the meal. Corrected: After finishing their meal, they washed the dishes. 6. Appositive Phrase: Incorrect: Being a skilled chef, the meal was prepared perfectly. Explanation: The appositive phrase "Being a skilled chef" is not clearly connected to the person who prepared the meal. Corrected: Being a skilled chef, she prepared the meal perfectly. 7. Adjective Clause: Incorrect: Hoping to impress the interviewer, the resume was polished. Explanation: The adjective clause "Hoping to impress the interviewer" is not properly connected to the person associated with it. Corrected: Hoping to impress the interviewer, he polished his resume. 8. Noun Clause: Incorrect: Whether studied carefully or not, the subject remained confusing. Explanation: The noun clause "Whether studied carefully or not" lacks a clear connection to the subject. Corrected: Whether studied carefully or not, the subject remained confusing. 9. Absolute Adjective: Incorrect: Without hesitation, the decision was made. Explanation: The absolute adjective "Without hesitation" is not clearly tied to the subject making the decision. Corrected: Without hesitation, she made the decision. 10. Time Phrase: Incorrect: Arriving late, the game had already started. Explanation: The time phrase "Arriving late" is not properly connected to the person arriving. Corrected: Arriving late, we found that the game had already started. 11. Past Participle Phrase: Incorrect: Raised in a small town, the city lights fascinated her. Explanation: The past participle phrase "Raised in a small town" lacks a clear connection to the person fascinated by the city lights. Corrected: Raised in a small town, she was fascinated by the city lights. 12. Elliptical Clause: Incorrect: As a fan of thrillers, the new book by the author was eagerly anticipated. Explanation: The elliptical clause "As a fan of thrillers" lacks a specific subject, causing confusion. Corrected: As a fan of thrillers, she eagerly anticipated the new book by the author. 13. Verb Phrase: Incorrect: Running down the street, the bus was missed. Explanation: The verb phrase "Running down the street" is not properly connected to the subject who missed the bus. Corrected: Running down the street, she missed the bus. 14. Present Participle Phrase: Incorrect: Smiling happily, the sun began to set. Explanation: The present participle phrase "Smiling happily" is not clearly tied to the entity smiling. Corrected: Smiling happily, she watched as the sun began to set. 15. Dependent Clause: Incorrect: Because of a broken leg, the hike was canceled. Explanation: The dependent clause "Because of a broken leg" lacks a clear subject performing the action. Corrected: Because of a broken leg, he canceled the hike. 16. Adverb Clause: Incorrect: While waiting for the train, the schedule was checked. Explanation: The adverb clause "While waiting for the train" lacks a specific subject performing the action. Corrected: While waiting for the train, she checked the schedule. 17. Comparative Adjective: Incorrect: Compared to previous models, the new phone impressed. Explanation: The comparative adjective "Compared to previous models" lacks a clear connection to the subject who is impressed. Corrected: Compared to previous models, she was impressed with the new phone. 18. Exclamatory Phrase: Incorrect: With great enthusiasm, the announcement was made. Explanation: The exclamatory phrase "With great enthusiasm" is not clearly tied to the subject making the announcement. Corrected: With great enthusiasm, she made the announcement. 19. Noun Phrase: Incorrect: A master of disguise, the criminals were fooled. Explanation: The noun phrase "A master of disguise" is not clearly connected to the person fooling the criminals. Corrected: A master of disguise, she fooled the criminals. 20. Possessive Noun Phrase: Incorrect: With my neighbor's dog barking, the peace was disturbed. Explanation: The possessive noun phrase "With my neighbor's dog barking" is not properly linked to the person experiencing the disturbance. Corrected: With my neighbor's dog barking, I was disturbed by the noise. Examples Hiking in the mountains, the trail was steep and challenging. Correction: Hiking in the mountains, we found the trail steep and challenging. Talking on the phone, the time quickly passed by. Correction: Talking on the phone, I didn't realize how quickly time passed by. Dreaming of a tropical vacation, the travel brochure caught her eye. Correction: Dreaming of a tropical vacation, she noticed the travel brochure. Running through the park, the flowers looked vibrant and colorful. Correction: Running through the park, I noticed the flowers were vibrant and colorful. After cooking for hours, the delicious aroma filled the kitchen. Correction: After cooking for hours, I could smell the delicious aroma filling the kitchen. Climbing to the mountaintop, the view was breathtaking. Correction: Climbing to the mountaintop, we enjoyed a breathtaking view. Being an experienced driver, the road trip was smooth and enjoyable. Correction: Being an experienced driver, she made the road trip smooth and enjoyable. Excited about the concert, the tickets were purchased online. Correction: Excited about the concert, she purchased the tickets online. Lost in thought, the solution to the problem became clear. Correction: Lost in thought, I found the solution to the problem. Playing in the backyard, the sound of children's laughter echoed. Correction: Playing in the backyard, the children's laughter echoed. With a broken compass, the directions were unreliable. Correction: With a broken compass, we found the directions unreliable. Being an early riser, the sunrise is a daily spectacle. Correction: Being an early riser, I witness the sunrise as a daily spectacle. Having finished the novel, the movie adaptation was disappointing. Correction: Having finished the novel, she found the movie adaptation disappointing. Sitting in the waiting room, the magazine provided entertainment. Correction: Sitting in the waiting room, I found entertainment in the magazine. In love with technology, the new smartphone was eagerly awaited. Correction: In love with technology, she eagerly awaited the new smartphone. Being a photography enthusiast, the camera captured stunning images. Correction: Being a photography enthusiast, he captured stunning images with the camera. Interested in art, the museum tour was a delightful experience. Correction: Interested in art, she found the museum tour a delightful experience. With a green thumb, the garden bloomed with colorful flowers. Correction: With a green thumb, she cultivated a garden that bloomed with colorful flowers. Distracted by the conversation, the details of the meeting were missed. Correction: Distracted by the conversation, I missed the details of the meeting. Having a love for languages, the new book on linguistics was captivating. Correction: Having a love for languages, she found the new book on linguistics captivating. Exercise: identify and correct the dangling modifier. After studying for hours, the book was finally finished. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Being an expert in software development, the project was assigned to John. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. Answer: After studying for hours, I finally finished the book. Explanation: The introductory phrase "After studying for hours" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, "I" is the one who studied and finished the book. Running down the street, Sarah noticed the stray dog. Explanation: The modifier "Running down the street" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "Sarah" in this case. Hiking through the mountains, we found the scenery breathtaking. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Hiking through the mountains" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Being an expert in software development, John was assigned the project. Explanation: The modifier "Being an expert in software development" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "John" in this case. Excited about the vacation, we booked the plane tickets. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Excited about the vacation" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. Explanation: The modifier "Having lost my keys" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "I" in this case. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden provided a peaceful retreat. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Surrounded by beautiful flowers" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, it's not explicitly mentioned, so the sentence is revised to include "the garden." Biking along the trail, we found the hills seemed steeper than usual. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Biking along the trail" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Determined to succeed, we overcame obstacles. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Determined to succeed" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Walking through the museum, everyone was impressed by the artwork. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Walking through the museum" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, it's not explicitly mentioned, so the sentence is revised to include "everyone." Correct the Dangling Modifiers Exhausted from the hike, the mountain peak offered a stunning view. Biking along the trail, the river sparkled in the sunlight. Eager to impress, the job interview went well. Having finished the assignment, the TV show was watched. Excited about the holiday, the hotel reservations were made early. Caught in the rain, the umbrella kept me dry. Confused by the map, the correct route was eventually found. Reading in the garden, the aroma of roses filled the air. Being an early bird, the sunrise was breathtaking. Hiking in the forest, the trail became steeper. Corrected Answers: Exhausted from the hike, we enjoyed a stunning view from the mountain peak. Biking along the trail, I noticed the river sparkling in the sunlight. Eager to impress, she performed well in the job interview. Having finished the assignment, I watched the TV show. Excited about the holiday, we made hotel reservations early. Caught in the rain, I stayed dry under the umbrella. Confused by the map, we eventually found the correct route. Reading in the garden, I enjoyed the aroma of roses filling the air. Being an early bird, I found the sunrise breathtaking. Hiking in the forest, the trail became steeper. Correct the dangling modifier: Exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Enjoying a sunny day at the beach, the sandcastles were built with care. Lost in the busy city, landmarks were hard to find. With her exceptional leadership skills, the team achieved success. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. With great enthusiasm, the speech captivated the audience. Working late into the night, the report was finally completed. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Answer: Exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Correction: After feeling exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Explanation: The initial sentence suggests that the hotel bed itself was exhausted, which is a misplaced modifier. The correction clarifies that the person is exhausted. Enjoying a sunny day at the beach, the sandcastles were built with care. Correction: While enjoying a sunny day at the beach, they built the sandcastles with care. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the sandcastles were enjoying the sunny day. The correction specifies who was enjoying the day and building the sandcastles. Lost in the busy city, landmarks were hard to find. Correction: While lost in the busy city, they found landmarks hard to find. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that landmarks were lost in the busy city. The correction clarifies that the person is lost and has difficulty finding landmarks. With her exceptional leadership skills, the team achieved success. Correction: With her exceptional leadership skills, she led the team to achieve success. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the team possesses leadership skills. The correction specifies that the person with leadership skills led the team. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Correction: Caught in heavy traffic, they took a detour to reach the destination. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that a detour was caught in heavy traffic. The correction clarifies that the person, caught in traffic, took a detour. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Correction: While biking along the trail, they found the hills seemed steeper than usual. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the hills were biking along the trail. The correction specifies who was biking and observing the hills. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Correction: Feeling unwell, they visited the doctor who recommended a thorough check-up. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the doctor is feeling unwell. The correction specifies that the person feeling unwell visited the doctor. With great enthusiasm, the speech captivated the audience. Correction: With great enthusiasm, the speaker captivated the audience with the speech. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the enthusiasm itself captivated the audience. The correction clarifies that the speaker, with great enthusiasm, captivated the audience. Working late into the night, the report was finally completed. Correction: Working late into the night, they finally completed the report. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the report was working late into the night. The correction specifies that the person, working late, completed the report. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Correction: Determined to succeed, they overcame obstacles. Explanation: The original sentence implies that obstacles were determined to succeed. The correction clarifies that the person, determined to succeed, overcame obstacles. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. Correction: While walking through the museum, everyone was impressed by the artwork. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the artwork was walking through the museum. The correction specifies who was walking and impressed by the artwork. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Correction: In pursuit of happiness, they accepted the job offer. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the job offer is in pursuit of happiness. The correction clarifies that the person, in pursuit of happiness, accepted the job offer. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Correction: Worried about the upcoming exam, they diligently reviewed the study guide. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the study guide is worried about the upcoming exam. The correction specifies who was worried and reviewed the study guide. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Correction: Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the spare set lost the keys. The correction specifies that the person, having lost keys, used the spare set. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Correction: Surrounded by beautiful flowers, it was a peaceful retreat for those in the garden. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the garden itself is surrounded by flowers. The correction specifies who found it to be a peaceful retreat. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Correction: While hiking through the mountains, they found the scenery breathtaking. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the scenery was hiking through the mountains. The correction clarifies who was hiking and found the scenery breathtaking. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Correction: Being a talented musician, she quickly sold out the concert tickets. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the concert tickets were a talented musician. The correction specifies that the person, being a talented musician, sold out the tickets. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Correction: With a broken leg, the participant had to cancel the marathon. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the marathon had a broken leg. The correction specifies who had a broken leg and had to cancel the marathon. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Correction: While running down the street, Sarah noticed the stray dog. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the stray dog was running down the street. The correction specifies who was running and noticed the stray dog. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Correction: Excited about the vacation, they booked the plane tickets. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the plane tickets were excited about the vacation. The correction clarifies who was excited and booked the plane tickets. Identify and correct the misplaced or dangling modifiers in the following sentences: Walking through the park, the flowers were admired by Jane. Covered in chocolate, the children enjoyed the ice cream. After finishing the project, a celebration was held in the office. Eager to please, the job interview went well. Swimming in the ocean, the dolphins entertained the tourists. Having studied for hours, the exam was aced by Sarah. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Dressed in a red gown, the crowd applauded the singer. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Attracted to shiny objects, the keychain was picked up by the magpie. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Blessed with incredible creativity, the novel was authored by Jane. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. With a big smile on his face, the news was shared with the family. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Answer: Walking through the park, the flowers were admired by Jane. Correction: Walking through the park, Jane admired the flowers. Covered in chocolate, the children enjoyed the ice cream. Correction: The children enjoyed the ice cream, covered in chocolate. After finishing the project, a celebration was held in the office. Correction: After finishing the project, the team held a celebration in the office. Eager to please, the job interview went well. Correction: The job interview went well because the candidate was eager to please. Swimming in the ocean, the dolphins entertained the tourists. Correction: The dolphins, swimming in the ocean, entertained the tourists. Having studied for hours, the exam was aced by Sarah. Correction: Having studied for hours, Sarah aced the exam. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Correction: The marathon had to be canceled because the participant had a broken leg. Dressed in a red gown, the crowd applauded the singer. Correction: The crowd applauded the singer, dressed in a red gown. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Correction: The stray dog was noticed by Sarah running down the street. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Correction: The hills seemed steeper than usual while biking along the trail. Attracted to shiny objects, the keychain was picked up by the magpie. Correction: The magpie, attracted to shiny objects, picked up the keychain. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Correction: Feeling unwell, Sarah consulted the doctor, who recommended a thorough check-up. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Correction: Caught in heavy traffic, they took a detour to reach the destination. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Correction: Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Correction: The job offer was accepted in pursuit of happiness. Blessed with incredible creativity, the novel was authored by Jane. Correction: Jane, blessed with incredible creativity, authored the novel. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Correction: Worried about the upcoming exam, Sarah diligently reviewed the study guide. With a big smile on his face, the news was shared with the family. Correction: The news was shared with the family with a big smile on his face. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Correction: The garden, surrounded by beautiful flowers, was a peaceful retreat. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Correction: The concert tickets were sold out quickly because the performer was a talented musician.

Rules for creating Yes/No Questions. 1. Creating Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb (am/are/is/was/were) Picture a regular sentence with the BE verb, like 'He is tall.' As usual, this sentence begins with the subject, followed by the verb. This is known as the sentence word order in English. To transform a sentence with the BE verb into a question, we adopt question word order. This involves switching the subject and the BE verb: He is tall. → Is he tall? (In the question, the verb precedes the subject) They are American. → Are they American? The children are at school. → Are the children at school? These rules apply similarly in the past tense: It was nice. → Was it nice? New York was expensive. → Was New York expensive? We were late. → Were we late? Let's engage in some practice exercises. Exercise #1: Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb The school is open. → The waiter was rude. → Yoga is popular. → I am sick. → You were tired. → Sarah was his teacher. → Answers Is the school open? Was the waiter rude? Is yoga popular? Are you sick? Were you tired? Was Sarah his teacher? In the next exercise, examine the answer to a question and then formulate the question accordingly. Exercise #2: Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb (Note: The answer being 'Yes' or 'No' does not alter the question form. Avoid including 'not' in the question.) A: Yes. I was there. Q: ? A: No, we were not rich. Q: ? A: Yes, today is my birthday. Q: ? A: No, the price was not the same. Q: ? Answers Were you there? Were you rich? Is today your birthday? Was the price the same? 2. Creating Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs An auxiliary verb, also known as a helping verb, is a short word that 'assists' the main verb in creating tense. Modal verbs, such as can, must, should, might, and may, also serve as helping verbs. Examples include: I have written the report. (Present Perfect tense) If a sentence has both a main verb and a helping verb (auxiliary or modal), switch the subject and the helping verb around. If there is another helping verb, place it after the subject. He will come. → Will he come? They are visiting Paris. → Are they visiting Paris? She has done the housework. → Has she done the housework? John has been fired. → Has John been fired? (HelpingVerb1 + Subject + HelpingVerb2+ Main Verb) They will be hired. → Will they be hired? The train is going to arrive. → Is the train going to arrive? The printer was being repaired. → Was the printer being repaired? In essence, when transitioning from sentence word order (Subject + Verb) to question word order (Verb + Subject), exchange the subject with the first helping verb. If there is an additional helping verb, position it after the subject. Exercise #3: Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs John can read. → It might be broken. → We will join. → Peter is going to go. → Luan is going to be hired. → He is being interviewed now. → Answers Can John read? Might it be broken? Will we join? Is Peter going to go? Is Luan going to be hired? Is he being interviewed now? Exercise #4: Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs Q: ? A: Yes, she was going to visit. Q: ? A: Yes, your name is being called. Q: ? A: No, they haven't finished. Q: ? A: No, he has not been working here. Q: ? A: No, he could not have said that. Q: ? A: No, he would not have been angry. Q: ? A: Yes, a visa must be obtained first. Q: ? A: Yes, we shall attend. Answers Was she going to visit? Is your name being called? Haven't they finished? Has he not been working here? Could he not have said that? Would he not have been angry? Must a visa be obtained first? Shall we attend? 3. Creating Yes/No Questions without the BE Verb or an Auxiliary/Modal Verb (Use Do!) So far, we have focused on constructing questions from sentences containing the BE verb or a helping (auxiliary/modal) verb. However, sentences may exist without either. In such cases, we introduce the verb 'Do'! 'Do' functions as another helping verb added to form questions when there is no auxiliary verb or BE Verb present. Exercise #5: Yes/No Questions without Helping or BE Verb He reads every day. → The printer broke. → We want more money. → She had a smile on her face. → The boss noticed the mistake. → Answers Do you read every day? Did the printer break? Do we want more money? Did she have a smile on her face? Did the boss notice the mistake? Exercise #6: Yes/No Questions without a Helping or BE Verb Q: ? A: Yes, she had her camera. Q: ? A: No, I didn't feel sick. Q: ? A: Yes, we eat beef. Q: ? A: Yes, I believe you. Q: ? A: No, they didn't forget their tickets. Answers Did she have her camera? Did you feel sick? Do we eat beef? Do I believe you? Did they forget their tickets? Forming Yes/No Questions: Summary In summary, we have covered three fundamental rules for crafting Yes/No questions: If the sentence contains only the BE verb, switch the subject and the BE verb to make a question. If the sentence includes a helping verb, switch the subject and the (first) helping verb to create a question. If there is neither the BE verb nor a helping verb, add 'Do' and then the subject to make a question. Exercise: Yes/No Questions Part A: Use the BE Verb The cat is sleeping. Question: We were at the party. Question: She is a doctor. Question: It was raining. Question: They are happy. Question: Part B: Use Auxiliary/Modal Verbs John can play the guitar. Question: You will finish the project. Question: She has completed the assignment. Question: We were invited to the event. Question: It might snow tomorrow. Question: Part C: Use 'Do' I eat vegetables every day. Question: He read the book last night. Question: They want to go to the beach. Question: She believes in ghosts. Question: We had a great time at the concert. Question: Answers Part A: Use the BE Verb Is the cat sleeping? Were you at the party? Is she a doctor? Was it raining? Are they happy? Part B: Use Auxiliary/Modal Verbs Can John play the guitar? Will you finish the project? Has she completed the assignment? Were we invited to the event? Might it snow tomorrow? Part C: Use 'Do' Do I eat vegetables every day? Did he read the book last night? Do they want to go to the beach? Does she believe in ghosts? Did we have a great time at the concert? Correction Identify the errors in each Yes/No question and provide the corrected version. Correction Exercise: Yes/No Questions Do she can speak French? Was you at the meeting yesterday? Can't he doesn't swim very well? Are they knows about the surprise party? Does it is going to rain later? Have she likes the new restaurant? Did you ever visited London? Do they are coming to the wedding? Is he have enough time to finish the project? Has she don't like spicy food? Are you are planning a vacation? Does it will snow in the winter? Was they have a good time at the concert? Can he do plays the guitar? Did she will be at the party? Do you have saw that movie before? Are it going to be sunny tomorrow? Have they didn't invited you? Was he knows the answer to the question? Does she can fix the computer? Do they will arrive on time? Is it will take long to get there? Did you went to the store? Are they did their homework already? Have she ever been to Asia? Was you feeling sick yesterday? Can't he has some spare change? Does it is a good idea to start a business? Do she will come to the party? Did they will buy a new car? Answers Does she speak French? Were you at the meeting yesterday? Can't he swim very well? Do they know about the surprise party? Is it going to rain later? Does she like the new restaurant? Did you ever visit London? Are they coming to the wedding? Does he have enough time to finish the project? Does she like spicy food? Are you planning a vacation? Will it snow in the winter? Did they have a good time at the concert? Can he play the guitar? Will she be at the party? Have you seen that movie before? Is it going to be sunny tomorrow? Were they invited you? Did he know the answer to the question? Can she fix the computer? Will they arrive on time? Will it take long to get there? Did you go to the store? Did they do their homework already? Has she ever been to Asia? Were you feeling sick yesterday? Can he spare some change? Is it a good idea to start a business? Will she come to the party? Will they buy a new car? Correction Exercise: Advanced Yes/No Questions Will she have been finished the project by next week? Did he can speak three languages fluently? Are they were working on the assignment all night? Have you must attend the meeting tomorrow? Is it possible that they will can solve the problem? Was she going to had completed the task? Do they will have enough resources to finish the construction? Did you ever had been to a foreign country? Has he could solve the complex mathematical problem? Are you going to had finished reading the book by next month? Does it was raining when you left? Will they are going to win the competition? Have she been visited the art gallery? Is it possible that he will had misunderstood the instructions? Did you have met the famous author before? Do they have seen that movie yet? Was it known that they would had achieved such success? Can he been able to swim across the river? Is she will have achieved her goals by the end of the year? Have you ever had traveled to Antarctica? Were they will be ready for the presentation? Does it had been raining heavily last night? Did she will have completed the marathon? Has he ever have had a chance to meet the president? Will it be expected that you will attend the conference? Have they can solve the puzzle? Is it known whether she has been arriving on time? Did you ever been invited to a prestigious event? Are they have been preparing for the exam? Do she have finished reading the entire series? Answers Will she have finished the project by next week? Can he speak three languages fluently? Were they working on the assignment all night? Must you attend the meeting tomorrow? Is it possible that they can solve the problem? Was she going to complete the task? Will they have enough resources to finish the construction? Have you ever been to a foreign country? Could he solve the complex mathematical problem? Will you have finished reading the book by next month? Was it raining when you left? Are they going to win the competition? Has she ever visited the art gallery? Is it possible that he misunderstood the instructions? Have you met the famous author before? Have they seen that movie yet? Was it known that they would achieve such success? Could he swim across the river? Will she have achieved her goals by the end of the year? Have you ever traveled to Antarctica? Will they be ready for the presentation? Did it rain heavily last night? Will she have completed the marathon? Has he ever had a chance to meet the president? Is it expected that you will attend the conference? Can they solve the puzzle? Is it known whether she will arrive on time? Have you ever been invited to a prestigious event? Have they been preparing for the exam? Has she finished reading the entire series?

In English, there is a specific type of question known as a "WH question." These questions are considered open-ended because they can have various answers, and they typically start with words beginning with "WH." You can utilize WH questions to gather information about people, places, ideas, or things. For instance, "Where are you from?" prompts diverse responses from different individuals. 1. What…? Description: Use "what" to inquire about a thing or idea. The answer typically involves a noun. Examples: What is your preferred method of studying? What did you have for breakfast? What do you think about the new policy? What is the capital of France? What are your plans for the weekend? 2. When…? Description: Employ "when" to ask about a specific time or date. Examples: When is your birthday? When did you start learning English? When will the concert take place? When was the last time you visited a museum? When is the deadline for the project? 3. Where…? Description: Use "where" to inquire about a place or location. Examples: Where did you spend your last vacation? Where is the nearest grocery store? Where would you like to travel next? Where is your favorite spot in the city? Where did you find that interesting article? 4. Who…? Description: Utilize "who" to ask about a person or people. Examples: Who is your role model? Who attended the meeting yesterday? Who is the author of this book? Who is responsible for the project's success? Who is your favorite teacher? 5. Why…? Description: Use "why" to seek a reason or explanation. Answers typically include the word "because." Examples: Why did you choose this career path? Why are you interested in learning a new language? Why did you miss the appointment? Why do you enjoy hiking? Why is regular exercise important? 6. Which…? Description: Use "which" to inquire about a specific choice among options. Examples: Which movie do you prefer, action or comedy? Which class are you taking this semester? Which book should I read first? Which team do you support in the sports league? Which route is faster to reach downtown? 7. Whose…? Description: Start questions with "whose" to determine ownership. Examples: Whose phone is ringing? Whose idea was it to organize the event? Whose turn is it to make a presentation? Whose car are we taking to the party? Whose house did you visit last weekend? 8. Whom…? Description: Use "whom" to ask about a person, often in formal contexts. It refers to the object of the sentence. Examples: Whom did you meet at the conference? With whom are you collaborating on the project? Whom should I contact for further assistance? To whom did you address the letter? Whom did you invite to the celebration? 9. How…? Description: Use "how" to ask about the manner, method, or condition of something. Examples: How did you learn to play the piano? How can I improve my time management skills? How was your experience at the music concert? How far is the airport from your house? How is your day going so far? Summary Who Used to identify a person. Example: Who is that gentleman standing over there? What Used to identify a thing. Example: What is that interesting gadget on the table? Which Used to tell two (or more) things apart. Example: Which book did you prefer, the mystery or the adventure? Where Used to identify a place. Example: Where is your favorite vacation spot? When Used to identify a time. Example: When is the next train arriving at the station? Why Used to identify a reason. Example: Why did she decline the job offer? Whose Used to identify possession. Example: Whose beautiful garden is this? What kind Used to identify a type/kind. Example: What kind of camera do you use for photography? How Used to explain a way/method. Example: How did you manage to fix the broken vase so perfectly? How long Used to explain length or duration. Example: How long does it take to complete the entire course? How far Used to identify distance. Example: How far is the nearest supermarket from your house? How much/many/little/few Used to identify quantity. Example: How much sugar do you need for the recipe? How often Used to explain frequency. Example: How often do you practice playing the guitar? Forming WH Questions How to Form WH Questions in English 1. With an Auxiliary Verb: WH-questions often take the form of wh- + an auxiliary verb (be, do, or have) + subject + main verb or wh- + a modal verb + subject + main verb. Examples: Be: When are you planning to leave? Have: What has she accomplished recently? Do: Where do your friends live? Modal: Who would she choose to stay with? Additional Examples: Be: Who is playing the piano? Have: What have they discovered so far? Do: Why did he miss the meeting? Modal: Where should we go for lunch? 2. Without an Auxiliary Verb: In cases where what, who, which, or whose acts as the subject, or part of the subject, there is no need for an auxiliary verb. The structure becomes subject + verb. Examples: Subject + Verb: Who owns this magnificent mansion? Subject + Verb: What fell off the shelf? Subject + Verb: Whose phone is ringing loudly? Subject + Verb: Which book captivated your attention? Additional Examples: Subject + Verb: Who designed this beautiful dress? Subject + Verb: What happened during the meeting? Subject + Verb: Whose idea was this innovative project? Subject + Verb: Which team won the championship? 3. Comparing Structures: Recognizing the distinction between subject and object in WH-questions is vital. When who, what, which, or whose serves as the subject, no auxiliary verb is used. When these pronouns function as the object, an auxiliary verb is required. Examples: Subject (Who): Who owns this unique sculpture? Object (Who): Who did you choose as your partner? Subject (What): What fell off the wall? Object (What): What did you observe during the experiment? Additional Examples: Subject (Whose): Whose car is parked outside? Object (Whose): Whose keys did you find? Subject (Which): Which movie impressed you the most? Object (Which): Which book are you currently reading? Examples with explanation 1. Who possesses this handbag? Explanation: 2. Whom do you cherish the most? Explanation: 3. Who designed this dress? Explanation: 4. Whose phone is ringing incessantly? Explanation: 5. Who captured your attention in the meeting? Explanation: Framing Multiple WH Questions Statement: She is going to the market. WH Questions: Where is she going? To whom is she going? Whom is she going with? Why is she going to the market? Statement: They have finished their homework. WH Questions: What have they finished? Whom did they finish it with? Why did they finish their homework? How long did it take to finish their homework? Statement: We visited the museum yesterday. WH Questions: When did we visit the museum? Where is the museum located? Whom did we meet at the museum? Why did we visit the museum? Statement: I can swim across the lake. WH Questions: What can I swim across? How often do I swim across the lake? Whom have I swum across the lake with? Why do I swim across the lake? Statement: The concert starts at 8 PM. WH Questions: When does the concert start? Where is the concert? Whom will be performing at the concert? Why are you attending the concert? Statement: It is his favorite book. WH Questions: What is his favorite book? Whose book is it? Why is it his favorite book? How did he discover the book? Statement: Mary will join the party. WH Questions: Who will join the party? Whom is the party for? Why will Mary join the party? How is Mary getting to the party? Statement: He was reading a fascinating article. WH Questions: What was he reading? Whom did he discuss the article with? Why was the article fascinating to him? How long did he spend reading the article? Statement: The movie ended in applause. WH Questions: How did the movie end? Where did the movie end? Whom received applause for the movie? Why did the audience applaud at the end? Statement: She doesn’t know the answer. WH Questions: What doesn't she know? Whom can she ask for the answer? Why doesn't she know the answer? How can she find out the answer? WH Questions: Practice Test: Now, let's apply these methods to create practice questions. “____ is the name of your dog?” [What, How] “____ ____ oranges did you buy?” [How many, How far] “____ did you grow up?” [Who, Where] “____ is your favorite actor?” [Who, When] “____ ____ is the movie?” [How come, How long] “____ did you study biology?” [Which, Why] “____ handbag is this?” [Where, Whose] “____ car did you buy?” [Why, Which] “____ did you make that?” [How, Who] “____ ____ away is the office?” [How much, How far] “____ should we send this box to?” [Why, Whom] “____ ____ is your father?” [How old, How many] “____ did you talk to?” [Whom, Where] “____ ____ did your jacket cost?” [How much, How old] “____ did you buy this house?” [Whose, When] “____ ____ you went to university?” [How far, How come] Answers: “What is the name of your dog?” “How many oranges did you buy?” “Where did you grow up?” “Who is your favorite actor?” “How long is the movie?” “Why did you study biology?” “Whose handbag is this?” “Which car did you buy?” “How did you make that?” “How far away is the office?” “Whom should we send this box to?” “How old is your father?” “Whom did you talk to?” “How much did your jacket cost?” “When did you buy this house?” “How come you went to university?” Exercise: Frame WH Questions Statement: She is going to the market. WH Question: _________? Statement: They have finished their homework. WH Question: _________? Statement: We visited the museum yesterday. WH Question: _________? Statement: I can swim across the lake. WH Question: _________? Statement: The concert starts at 8 PM. WH Question: _________? Statement: It is his favorite book. WH Question: _________? Statement: Mary will join the party. WH Question: _________? Statement: He was reading a fascinating article. WH Question: _________? Statement: The movie ended in applause. WH Question: _________? Statement: She doesn’t know the answer. WH Question: _________? Statement: You should call the doctor. WH Question: _________? Statement: They were discussing the project. WH Question: _________? Statement: We will go camping next weekend. WH Question: _________? Statement: The cat caught a mouse. WH Question: _________? Statement: It's their anniversary today. WH Question: _________? Statement: The students are presenting their projects. WH Question: _________? Statement: He won the first prize. WH Question: _________? Statement: They couldn't solve the puzzle. WH Question: _________? Statement: I met your sister at the bookstore. WH Question: _________? Statement: This is the best movie of the year. WH Question: _________? Statement: She played the piano beautifully. WH Question: _________? Statement: The meeting has been rescheduled. WH Question: _________? Statement: The kids built a sandcastle on the beach. WH Question: _________? Statement: He ate the entire pizza. WH Question: _________? Statement: We should buy a new car. WH Question: _________? Statement: She is writing a novel. WH Question: _________? Statement: The plane will land in an hour. WH Question: _________? Statement: I found your keys in the living room. WH Question: _________? Statement: It rained all night. WH Question: _________? Statement: They adopted a puppy from the shelter. WH Question: _________? Answers: Where is she going? What have they finished? When did we visit the museum? What can I swim across? When does the concert start? What is his favorite book? Who will join the party? What was he reading? How did the movie end? What doesn't she know? Who should you call? What were they discussing? When will we go camping? What did the cat catch? Whose anniversary is it today? What are the students presenting? Who won the first prize? What couldn't they solve? Who did you meet at the bookstore? What is the best movie of the year? How did she play the piano? When has the meeting been rescheduled? What did the kids build on the beach? What did he eat? What should we buy? What is she writing? When will the plane land? Where did I find your keys? How long did it rain? What did they adopt from the shelter? Corrections Correction Exercise: WH Questions Original: Where she lives? Correction: ____________ Original: Who is the person which wrote this letter? Correction: ____________ Original: How much siblings have you? Correction: ____________ Original: Why you didn't attend the meeting? Correction: ____________ Original: Whom is that book belongs to? Correction: ____________ Original: What you thought about the movie? Correction: ____________ Original: When you will arrive at the airport? Correction: ____________ Original: Which is the reason you are late? Correction: ____________ Original: How long you know him? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is this beautiful painting? Correction: ____________ Answers: Where does she live? Who is the person who wrote this letter? How many siblings do you have? Why didn't you attend the meeting? To whom does that book belong? What did you think about the movie? When will you arrive at the airport? What is the reason you are late? How long have you known him? Whose beautiful painting is this? Correction Exercise: WH Questions Original: What you want to eat for lunch? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is this phone ringing in the meeting? Correction: ____________ Original: Where you found your lost keys? Correction: ____________ Original: How much hours do you sleep every night? Correction: ____________ Original: Who is the person whom you invited for the event? Correction: ____________ Original: When you will finish your assignment? Correction: ____________ Original: Which are the shoes you like most? Correction: ____________ Original: How come she didn't attend the party? Correction: ____________ Original: What kind of music you listen to? Correction: ____________ Original: How long is your journey to work? Correction: ____________ Original: Whom you met at the park yesterday? Correction: ____________ Original: Why she wasn't selected for the job? Correction: ____________ Original: What much money did you spend on that watch? Correction: ____________ Original: When is your sister birthday? Correction: ____________ Original: Which you prefer, tea or coffee? Correction: ____________ Original: How many books you read last month? Correction: ____________ Original: Who you invited to the party last night? Correction: ____________ Original: Where you bought your new laptop? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is that cute puppy barking outside? Correction: ____________ Original: How often you go to the gym? Correction: ____________ Answers: What do you want to eat for lunch? Whose phone is ringing in the meeting? Where did you find your lost keys? How many hours do you sleep every night? Whom did you invite for the event? When will you finish your assignment? Which shoes do you like most? How come she didn't attend the party? What kind of music do you listen to? How long is your journey to work? Whom did you meet at the park yesterday? Why wasn't she selected for the job? How much money did you spend on that watch? When is your sister's birthday? Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? How many books did you read last month? Whom did you invite to the party last night? Where did you buy your new laptop? Whose cute puppy is barking outside? How often do you go to the gym? Correction: Incorrect Sentences: What you want to eat for lunch? Whose is this phone ringing in the meeting? Where you found your lost keys? How much hours do you sleep every night? Who is the person whom you invited for the event? When you will finish your assignment? Which are the shoes you like most? How come she didn't attend the party? What kind of music you listen to? How long is your journey to work? Whom you met at the park yesterday? Why she wasn't selected for the job? What much money did you spend on that watch? When is your sister birthday? Which you prefer, tea or coffee? How many books you read last month? Who you invited to the party last night? Where you bought your new laptop? Whose is that cute puppy barking outside? How often you go to the gym? What your plans for the weekend? When you can come for the meeting? Which color your car is? Why you didn't join the team? How much people attended the concert? Whom you borrowed the umbrella from? What much water should I drink daily? Why he doesn't like sushi? When is the next flight to Paris? Which your favorite movie genre? Correct Sentences with Explanation : Correct: What do you want to eat for lunch? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "do" to form a proper WH question. Correct: Whose phone is ringing in the meeting? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly identifies possession by using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Where did you find your lost keys? Explanation: The corrected sentence includes the auxiliary verb "did" for correct question formation. Correct: How many hours do you sleep every night? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly uses the auxiliary verb "do" and forms a complete question. Correct: Whom did you invite for the event? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: When will you finish your assignment? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "will" to inquire about the future. Correct: Which shoes do you like most? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question with the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How come she didn't attend the party? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "how come" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "did." Correct: What kind of music do you listen to? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question about the type of music with the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How long is your journey to work? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about the duration of the journey. Correct: Whom did you meet at the park yesterday? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: Why wasn't she selected for the job? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "was." Correct: How much money did you spend on that watch? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about the amount of money with the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: When is your sister's birthday? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly inquires about the specific time using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about preference using the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How many books did you read last month? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: Whom did you invite to the party last night? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: Where did you buy your new laptop? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "did" for correct question formation. Correct: Whose cute puppy is barking outside? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly identifies possession by using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: How often do you go to the gym? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about frequency using the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: What are your plans for the weekend? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about plans using the auxiliary verb "are." Correct: When can you come for the meeting? Explanation: The corrected sentence inquires about a specific time using the auxiliary verb "can." Correct: What color is your car? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question about color using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Why didn't you join the team? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "didn't." Correct: How many people attended the concert? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: Whom did you borrow the umbrella from? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: How much water should I drink daily? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "should." Correct: Why doesn't he like sushi? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "doesn't." Correct: When is the next flight to Paris? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly inquires about a specific time using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Which is your favorite movie genre? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about preference using the auxiliary verb "is."

An embedded question is a type of construction in English grammar where a question is included within another sentence, either as part of a larger question or as part of a statement. Embedded questions can serve various functions and are used in different contexts. Let's explore the three main types of embedded questions with detailed descriptions and examples. Embedded Questions within Statements: In this type, a question is incorporated into a declarative statement. These embedded questions often seek information or express curiosity. Sentence Pattern: SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) I wonder [where she put the keys]. He doesn't know [what time the movie starts]. She explained [how to solve the problem]. They are discussing [whether he will come to the party]. Embedded Questions within Yes/No Questions: In this type, a yes/no question is embedded within a larger question. The embedded question serves as part of the information sought in the overall question. Question Pattern: (Question Word) + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb (+ Object) or VSVO Do you know [where my phone is]? Can you tell me [if she will be there]? Have you figured out [whether it will rain]? Did she ask you [what time the meeting is]? Embedded Questions within Wh-Questions: This type involves embedding a question within another question, typically using question words like who, what, where, when, why, or how. Question Pattern: (Question Word) + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb (+ Object) or VSVO Can you explain [what happened]? Do you know [who took my book]? Tell me [how you plan to solve the issue]. Have you considered [where to go for vacation]? Examples of normal questions and their corresponding embedded questions: Uses of embedded questions Embedded questions serve various purposes in English, adding nuance and versatility to communication. Here are some common uses of embedded questions: Politeness: Direct Question: What time is it? Embedded Question: Could you please tell me [what time it is]? Direct Question: Where is the nearest bank? Embedded Question: I'm not sure [where the nearest bank is]. Direct Question: How did they solve the problem? Embedded Question: I wonder [how they solved the problem]. Direct Speech: "What do you want to know?" Reported Speech: He asked me [what I wanted to know]. Direct Question: When will the concert start? Embedded Question: I want to know [when the concert will start]. Direct Question: Where should we go for lunch? Embedded Question: Any ideas on [where we should go for lunch]? Direct Question: Will she come to the meeting? Embedded Question: I'm not sure [if she will come to the meeting]. Direct Question: Can you lend me your notes? Embedded Question: I was wondering [if you could lend me your notes]. Correction Incorrect: Can you explain me where is the library? Correct: Can you explain [where the library is]? Explanation: The verb "explain" does not require a direct object, so we don't use "me" after it. Instead, use the embedded question structure. Incorrect: I don't know that where did she go. Correct: I don't know [where she went]. Explanation: The conjunction "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you figured out that when the concert starts? Correct: Have you figured out [when the concert starts]? Explanation: Use the embedded question structure without the unnecessary "that." Incorrect: Where he lives, do you know? Correct: Do you know [where he lives]? Explanation: Inverting the subject and auxiliary verb is necessary for the correct question structure. Incorrect: I wonder do you have the answer. Correct: I wonder [if you have the answer]. Explanation: The word "if" is needed to introduce the embedded question. Incorrect: Why they canceled the flight, I don't understand. Correct: I don't understand [why they canceled the flight]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What she said, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [what she said]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out that who stole my wallet? Correct: Can you find out [who stole my wallet]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How you solved the problem, I want to know. Correct: I want to know [how you solved the problem]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is where the party is, known to you? Correct: Do you know [where the party is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. The question word "where" is properly placed at the beginning. Incorrect: Did you ask him that where he went? Correct: Did you ask him [where he went]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed in embedded questions. Incorrect: I don't understand what does she mean. Correct: I don't understand [what she means]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is she aware where did you put the keys? Correct: Is she aware [where you put the keys]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why you're upset, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [why you're upset]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Did she mention why did she resign? Correct: Did she mention [why she resigned]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I'm not sure who is that in the photo. Correct: I'm not sure [who that is in the photo]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out if they know when is the deadline? Correct: Can you find out [if they know when the deadline is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Are you aware that what are his plans? Correct: Are you aware [of what his plans are]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What does she want to know, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [what she wants to know]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know when did the store close? Correct: Do you know [when the store closed]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why you think that where is my phone? Correct: Why do you think [where my phone is]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you explain to me that what happened? Correct: Can you explain to me [what happened]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed in embedded questions. Incorrect: Is it known to you where are they now? Correct: Do you know [where they are now]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How much does it cost, have you figured out? Correct: Have you figured out [how much it costs]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What time does the class begin, do you know? Correct: Do you know [what time the class begins]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you tell me where she bought the dress? Correct: Can you tell me [where she bought the dress]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How can I reach you, do you have an idea? Correct: Do you have an idea [how I can reach you]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why she is upset, could you find out? Correct: Could you find out [why she is upset]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder why did they cancel the meeting. Correct: I wonder [why they canceled the meeting]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is it clear that where did she hide the gift? Correct: Is it clear [where she hid the gift]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know what time is it? Correct: Do you know [what time it is]? Explanation: The correct structure for embedded questions does not require the inversion seen in direct questions. Incorrect: Where did she ask you to meet at? Correct: Where did she ask you [to meet]? Explanation: The preposition "at" is not needed at the end of the sentence. Incorrect: I'm curious that what is your favorite movie. Correct: I'm curious [what your favorite movie is]. Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Could you tell me how did you solve the problem? Correct: Could you tell me [how you solved the problem]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is it known to you where did she go? Correct: Do you know [where she went]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you considered that what should we do next? Correct: Have you considered [what we should do next]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What is the reason that he is upset? Correct: What is the reason [he is upset]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Where he works, do you know? Correct: Do you know [where he works]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you explain to me that what does this term mean? Correct: Can you explain to me [what this term means]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder why was the concert canceled. Correct: I wonder [why the concert was canceled]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out that where she is now? Correct: Can you find out [where she is now]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know what does this button do? Correct: Do you know [what this button does]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Are you aware where is your sister? Correct: Are you aware [where your sister is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How he managed to complete the project, I want to know. Correct: I want to know [how he managed to complete the project]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you tell me that where she found the book? Correct: Can you tell me [where she found the book]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why she left the party, can you explain? Correct: Can you explain [why she left the party]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you considered where should we go for vacation? Correct: Have you considered [where we should go for vacation]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How did he react, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [how he reacted]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What do you think that why she is upset? Correct: What do you think [why she is upset]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder where did they find that information. Correct: I wonder [where they found that information]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Identify whether the embedded question is accurate or needs correction. If correction is required, provide the corrected version. Exercise: **Do you know where did she hide the treasure? Correction: ______________________________________________ **I wonder why did he quit his job. Correction: ______________________________________________ **Can you tell me that where is the nearest grocery store? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Have you figured out when is the deadline? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Where he lives, do you know? Correction: ______________________________________________ **I'm curious that what are your plans for the weekend. Correction: ______________________________________________ **Did she ask you that where you got those shoes? Correction: ______________________________________________ **What is the reason that she is upset? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Can you explain to me where did you find that rare book? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Are you aware where is your passport? Correction: ______________________________________________ Answers: Do you know where she hid the treasure? I wonder why he quit his job. Can you tell me where the nearest grocery store is? Have you figured out when the deadline is? Where he lives, do you know? (No correction needed; the sentence is already correct.) I'm curious what your plans for the weekend are. Did she ask you where you got those shoes? What is the reason she is upset? Can you explain to me where you found that rare book? Are you aware where your passport is? Identify the errors and provide the corrected versions. Exercise: **Did you ask him that why he left early? **I wonder that where is my umbrella. **Can you explain me that how did you fix the computer? **Where did they say that where the new restaurant is? **Do you know where did she put the car keys? **Have you considered where should we go for vacation? **What is the reason that she's not attending the meeting? **Did you find out that where are my sunglasses? **Can you tell me that where is the best place to buy books? **Why she is upset, can you figure it out? **I'm curious that what is your favorite book. **What did he ask you that where is the train station? **Have you thought about where can we find a good restaurant? **Can you inform me that where will the concert be held? **I wonder that how can I improve my language skills. **Did you understand what is the reason for the delay? **Can you find out where is the nearest ATM? **What does she want to know, can you tell me? **Do you have an idea where should I apply for a job? **Did they mention where did they go on vacation? **Can you tell me that how did they manage to complete the project? **Why he is not here, can you explain? **I'm curious that what are the ingredients for this recipe. **Where she found the lost wallet, can you know? **Did you ask her where did she purchase the new phone? **What is the reason that they canceled the flight? **Have you considered where did he hide the birthday gift? **Do you know that where did your friend go for the holidays? **What is the reason that the computer crashed, do you have any idea? **Can you explain me that how does this machine work? Identify the incorrect ones. If a sentence is incorrect, provide the corrected version. Exercise: Why did she went to the store? Do you know what time is the meeting? I'm curious that how did they solve the puzzle. Can you tell me that where she keeps the spare key? Where is your brother, do you know? Did you ask him where is he from? I wonder why did they cancel the flight. Have you figured out that where did she hide the gifts? What is the reason that she is so upset? I don't understand that why is he so late. Can you explain to me that what are the rules? Where did she said she will meet us? I wonder where did they find this amazing restaurant. What is the explanation that why they are leaving? Can you find out that what does this button do? I'm curious that who is the person in the photo. Did you ask them what are their plans for the weekend? I wonder what is the meaning that she wants to convey. Are you aware where did they park the car? Can you tell me that what time will the movie start? Where did she went for her vacation, do you know? I'm curious what is the reason that he resigned. Did she ask you that where did you get those flowers? Can you explain to me that how does this machine work? Have you figured out where is the lost city? Do you know that where did they find the missing keys? Why he left the party, can you explain? I'm curious why is she looking so worried. Did she mentioned that why she is not attending the event? Can you find out that where did he leave his wallet? Here are the corrected versions for each of the sentences: Why did she go to the store? Do you know [what time the meeting is]? I'm curious how they solved the puzzle. Can you tell me [where she keeps the spare key]? Where is your brother, do you know? (No correction needed; the sentence is already correct.) Did you ask him [where he is from]? I wonder why they canceled the flight. Have you figured out [where she hid the gifts]? What is the reason why she is so upset? I don't understand why he is so late. Can you explain to me [what the rules are]? Where did she say she will meet us? I wonder where they found this amazing restaurant. What is the explanation for why they are leaving? Can you find out [what this button does]? I'm curious [who is the person in the photo]. Did you ask them [what their plans for the weekend are]? I wonder what is the meaning she wants to convey. Are you aware [where they parked the car]? Can you tell me [what time the movie will start]? Where did she go for her vacation, do you know? I'm curious [what the reason is that he resigned]. Did she ask you [where you got those flowers]? Can you explain to me [how this machine works]? Have you figured out [where the lost city is]? Do you know [where they found the missing keys]? Why did he leave the party, can you explain? I'm curious [about why she is looking so worried]. Did she mention why she is not attending the event? Can you find out [where he left his wallet]? Identify the incorrect embedded questions and provide the corrected versions. Exercise: What is the reason that he didn't come to the party? Can you explain me where is the nearest bus stop? Why she left her job, I want to know. Have you considered where should we go for dinner? I'm curious what are their plans for the weekend. Did she ask you that where did you buy those shoes? Do you know what time is the train arriving? Can you find out that where did they find the missing cat? What is the explanation that why she is upset? I wonder where did they go for their honeymoon. Did she mention that why she is resigning? Can you tell me where is the best place to buy groceries? I'm curious about what is the meaning of this symbol. Where did she said she will meet us? Do you know where is your passport? What do you think that why they canceled the event? Can you explain to me where did they hide the treasure? Have you figured out where is the secret entrance? I wonder why was the concert postponed? Did she ask you where you got that delicious cake? Corrected versions for each of the sentences: What is the reason [why] he didn't come to the party? Can you explain [to] me where the nearest bus stop is? Why did she leave her job, I want to know. Have you considered [where we should go] for dinner? I'm curious [about] what their plans for the weekend are. Did she ask you [where you bought those shoes]? Do you know [what time the train is arriving]? Can you find out [where they found the missing cat]? What is the explanation [for] why she is upset? I wonder [where they went] for their honeymoon. Did she mention [why she is resigning]? Can you tell me [where the best place to buy groceries is]? I'm curious [about] what the meaning of this symbol is. Where did she say she will meet us? Do you know [where your passport is]? What do you think [about] why they canceled the event? Can you explain [to] me where they hid the treasure? Have you figured out [where the secret entrance is]? I wonder [why the concert was postponed]. Did she ask you [where you got that delicious cake]?

ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dhaka Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (Marks: 60) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. We live in society. So, we must learn how to live (a)__ peace and amity (b)__ others. We have to respect others rights and (c)__ and liking and (d)__ as we expect others to respect us. We have (e)__ lot of duties and (f)__ in society. Education should aim (g)__ making each individual fully aware (h)__ these duties and responsibilities. It is true that one has (i)__learn how to earn the (j)__. Answer: 1. (a) in (b) with (c) privilege (d) disliking (e) a (f) responsibilities (g) at (h) of (t) to (j) bread 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. 0.5×10=5 Illiteracy is not (a)__ boon to us. It is undoubtedly a (b)__. It hinders all kinds (c)__ development of country. Illiteracy causes great (d)__to us. Since we are not (e)__ of the gravity of the problem, we cannot take steps to increase our (f)__ rate. As a result, we are (g)__ behind. We have to depend (h)__the foreign aids. So, all should come forward (i)__ to remove illiteracy. Then, the (j)__of our country will be possible. Answer: 2. (a) a (b) curse (c) of (d) harm (e) aware (f) literacy (g) lagging (h) on (i) unitedly (j) development 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. 1×5=5 Answer: 3.      (i) Copying in the examination is a social crime. (ii) It cannot bring any benefit. (iii) It hinders our education and development, (iv) The students who copy in the exam deceive themselves. (v) Nothing is as hateful as copying in the exam. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs in the box. 0.5×10=5 Bangladesh if full of natural resources. The prosperity of the country (a)__ on the proper utilization of the resources. We should not (b)__a lazy life. We should all (c)__up our country. For this reason, we have to (d)__hard. No nation can prosper without industry. It should be (e)__that industry is the key to success. If we (f)__ the days away, we (g)__behind. The nations that (h)__industrious (i)__the pinnacle of development. So, we (j)__them Answer: 4. (a) depends (b) lead (c) build (d) work (e) remembered (f) idle (g) will lag (h) are (i) reach (j) should follow 5. Change the narrative style of the following text. 5 The police officer said to Mita, “How can I help you?” Mita replied, “While I was coming home alone by a taxi last night, two snatchers rode into my taxi.” Did they snatch anything from you?” “Yes sir, they took away my cell phone and some money,” said Mita. “Let me record a complaint,” said the police officer. Answer: 5. The police officer asked Mita how he could help her . Mita replied that while she had been coming home alone by a taxi the previous night, two snatchers had ridden into her taxi. The police asked if they had snatched anything from her, Mita respectfully replied in the affirmative that they had taken away her cell phone and some money. The police officer requested that he might be allowed to record a complaint. 6. Change the sentences according to directions. 1×10=10 (a) We should read books to acquire knowledge. (Make complex sentences) (b) Books introduce us to realm of knowledge. (Use passive voice) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Make interrogative sentence) (d) By reading good books, we can enrich our mind. (Make compound sentence) (e) Reading books is a very good habit. (Make exclamatory sentence) (f) This habit is rarely disliked. (Affirmative) (g) More and more books should be read. (Use active voice) (h) No other thing is an interesting as reading books. (Use comparative degree) (i) When we read good books, we discover new worlds. (Make simple sentence) (j) Very few friends are as great as a good book. (Make superlative degree) Answer: 6.      (a) We should read books so that we can acquire knowledge. (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don't the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) We can read good books and enrich our mind. (e) What a good habit reading books is! (f) This habit is always liked. (g) We should read more and more books. (h) Reading books is more interesting then any other thing. them (i) By reading good books we discover new worlds. (j) A good books is one of the greatest friends. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) Smoking is a habit which__. (b) Many people go on smoking though__. (c) __, we will suffer a lot. (d)People can’t give up smoking easily because__. (e) So, attempts must be taken by us to__. Answer: 7. (a) Smoking is a which tells upon our health. (b) Many people go smoking though they know their bad impacts. (c) If we smoke we will suffer a lot (d) People can’t give up smoking easily  they become accustomed to it. (e) So attempts must be taken by us stop smoking. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes on the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Load-shedding is one of the most common problems of Bangladesh. Lives of our citizens are (a)__(serious) hampered for load-shedding. Students feel (b)__(difficult) in reading during load-shedding. (c)__(industry) activities are also hampered. We should use electricity (d)__(honest) and (e)__(frugal)and should create (f)__(aware) among people to solve this (g)__(nation) problem. Besides, government should take (h)__(effect) steps to (i)__(grade) our power stations to mitigate the (j)__(advantages) of our people. Answer: 8. (a) sacrifice (b) difficult (c) Industrial (d) honesty (e) frugally (f) awareness (g) national (h) effective (i) aggressive (j) disadvantages 9. Make tag questions of the following statements. 1×5=5 (a) Success cannot be achieved without efforts, __? (b) Everybody knows it, __? (c) The successful people are very industrious, __? (d) Everything glorious is gained through hard labor, __? (e) So, industry is the key to success, __? Answer: 9.      (a) Success cannot be achieved without efforts , can’t it ? (b) Everybody knows it don't they? (c) They successful people are very industrious , aren’t they ? (d) Everything glorious is gained though hard labour , aren’t they ? (e) So industry is the key to success , isn’t it ? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. 1×5=5 Gold is a bright precious metal. There are many metals cheaper (a)__gold but look like it. They glitter well (b)__ fade in course of time. Actually, there are many people in our society (c)__ are outwardly gentle and nice. But (d)__a period of time, their real identity is revealed. (e)__, all that glitters are not gold. Answer: 10. (a) than (b) but (c) who (d) within (e) In fact 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. 5 The lion roared how dare you wake me up I’ll kill you the mouse cried please let me go i didn’t mean to wake you up Answer: 11. The lion roared, "How dare you wake me up I’ll kill you." The mouse cried. Please let me go. I didn't mean to wake you up." Part B: Composition (Marks: 40) 12. Now write a paragraph in about 250 words on “The life of a Street Hawker”. 13. Suppose, you are Rajin Ahmed/Rezwana Akter. You have completed H.S.C. and looking for a job. You have seen a vacancy advertisement in “The Daily Star” for the post of an “Office Assistant” of Berger Company Ltd. Now make a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Sadman/ Saima. You are a student of Polisha High School, Madargonj,Jamalpur. There is no canteen in your school. Now write an application to the Headmaster of yours school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Suppose, a hawker lives nearby your house. You know a lot about him and his activities. 15. A student has many duties and responsibilities. He/she can play an important role to build up the nation. Now write a short composition on “Duties of a Student”. ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Rajshahi Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some words. You can use one word more than once: - Education (a) — our ignorance and gives us light (b) — knowledge. (c) — respect (d) — imparting education, there should be no discrimination (e) — man and woman. Education is one of the human rights. If we deprive women of (f) — right of education, almost half of our population will remain (g) — darkness. No (h) — can be brought about (i) — participation of women. So, government is (j) — everything to educate women folk. Answer: 1. (a) removes (b) of (c) In (d) of (e) between (f) the (g) in h) development (i) without (j) doing 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Use only one world in each blank: - Time is very (a) -. Time which is lost once is lost forever. There is a proverb that time and tide (b) — for none. It is time which does not have any relative feelings. If it is not used (c) —, one must suffer (d) — the long run. (e) — the other hand we can go a long way (f) — realizing the value of time. Those who have become great have made (g) — use of time. They never put (h) — their work (i) — tomorrow. As a result, they have (j) — top position in society. So, it is our duty to follow them. Answer: 2. (a) valuable/precious (b) wait/waits (c) properly (d) in (e) On (f) by (g) proper (h) aside/off (i) for (j) gained 3. Make five sentences using the parts of sentences from each column of the following table: Answer: 3.      (i) Joynul Abedin was born at a village in Kishoreganj in 1914. (ii) He did not like the hard and fast rules of school. (iii) So, he drew pictures secretly. (iv) At the age of fifteen, he went to Kolkata. (v) At the age of nineteen. he got himself admitted into Kolkata Govt. Ant College. 4. Complete the following text with the right forms of the verbs given in the box: - Happiness (a) — a relative term. A person with a crown (b) — in a palace may not be happy where as a day laborer may (c) — happiness (d) — in a shabby hut. Again happiness (e) — from person to person. A beggar (f) — be happy if he (g) — a coin but a businessman who can (h) — a huge sum of money a day (i) — not be happy. Everyone (j) — to be happy. Answer: 4. (a) is b) living (c) have (d) living (e) varies (f) can (g) gets (h) spend (i) may (j) wants 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "What's your program after the examination?" Asked Hira. Mira said, "I've not decided. Can you suggest any'?" "Let us go on a picnic," said Hira. "What an excellent idea it is!" said Mira. Answer: 5. Hira asked Mira what her (w programme was after the examination. Mira replied that she had not decided. She asked Hira if she (H) could suggest any. Hira proposed to go on a picnic Mira said astonishingly that it was an excellent idea. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions given in the brackets: - (a) Once upon a time two friends were passing by a forest. (Make it complex sentence) (b) They were talking about their love for each other. (Make it interrogative meaning) (c) Suddenly they saw a bear which was coming towards them. (Make it simple sentence) (d) The first friend climbed up a tree. (Make it a complex sentence) (e) The later could not climb up a tree. (Make it an affirmative sentence) (f) He did not find any way. (Make it a passive voice) (g) He lay down on the ground and feigned death. (Make it a simple sentence) (h) The bear smelt his ears, nose and face. (Use passive voice) (i) He was thought to be dead. (Make it a complex sentence) (j) The bear went away and he escaped himself (Make it a complex sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) Once upon a time there were 10 trends who were passing by a forest. (b) weren't they talking about their love for each other? (c) Suddenly they saw a bear coming towards them. (d) It is the first friend who climbed up a tree. (e) The later failed to climb up a tree. (f) No way was found by him. (g) Lying down on the ground, he feigned dead. (h) His ears, nose and face were smelt by the bear. (i) The bear thought that he was dead. (j) As soon as the bear went away, he escaped himself. 7. Complete the following sentences: - (a) Acid rain is harmful because —. (b) The wind was so strong that (c) Had he been a little careful (d) They were frightened when (e) Take your umbrella lest Answer: 7.      (a) Acid rain is harmful because it pollutes the environment. (b) The wind was so strong that it blew some huts away. (c) Had he been a little careful, he would not have made such a mistake. (d) They were frightened when a ferocious lion roared. (e) Take your umbrella lest you should be drenched in the rain. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both to the root words given in the brackets: -Those who live a (a) — (luxury) life are always (b) — (different) to the miseries of the poor. They enjoy life in (c) — (amuse) and (d) — (merry). They are (e) — (centered) people. They have little (f) — (realize) of the (g) — (bounded) sufferings of the poor. They remain indifferent to their (h) — (suffer). They feel (i) — (comfort) to work for their (j) — (better). Answer: 8. (a) luxurious (b) indifferent (c) amusement (d) merriment (e) self-centered (i) realization (g) unbounded (h) sufferings (i) uncomfortable (j) betterment 9. Add tag questions to the statements below: - (a) Telling lies is a great sin, —? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, —? (c) None believes a liar, —? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, —? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) None believes a liar, do they? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn't we? 10. Complete the following passage, using suitable connectors in the blanks: -     1 x5=5 Honesty is a divine virtue. The man (a) — possesses this quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, man should have trustworthiness (b) — nobody trusts a liar. (c) —, Allah helps the honest people. (d) —children should be taught honesty from the very beginning of life. (e) — they should be taught discipline. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) because (c) Moreover (d) So (e) Besides 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: -   5 Who are jolly those who have sound health are jolly sound mind lies in sound body minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure Answer: 11. Who are jolly? Those who have sound health, are jolly. Sound mind lies in sound body. Minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Farhan/Farhana. Your home district is Kurigram. You have recently passed SSC from Dinajpur Board. You have found a job advertisement in a National Newspaper that there is a vacancy post for the position of a salesman in a manufacturing company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Samir/Samira. You read in Jhalakathi Govt. High School. The students of your class want to go on a study tour. So, you need permission of the Head teacher. Now write an application to the Head teacher of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on "Life of a farmer." 15. Write a composition in " Science in everyday life." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dinajpur Board-2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: – Travelling has a beneficial (a) — on our minds. The human mind always craves (b) — change. This is (c) — by travelling in new lands. There is none who does not feel (d) — thrill of joy at the new sight (e) — experience. Travelling gives us an opportunity to enjoy (f) — most charming scenes (g) — nature. Though it is (h) —, it can bring a change both in body (i)— mind. Thus, travelling can help one to complete his knowledge and can be (j) —perfect man. Answer: 1. (a) influence (b) for (C) affordable (d) the (e) of (f) the (g) of (h) expensive (i) and (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — Robert Bruce was a famous king of Scotland. England was a great (a) — of his kingdom. So, he was driven (b) — from his kingdom by the English. For this, he had to fight against (c) — English for the defense of his country and (d) — men. But he was (e) — unfortunate fellow. He fought (f) — his kingdom several times but every time he was defeated. So, he was (g) — despair. One day while (h) — in a lonely cave, an incident drew his attention. He saw that a spider was trying to reach its target. Six times it tried and every time it failed. But it did not give (i)— its hope and finally at the seventh time it was successful (j) — its attempt. Answer: 2. (a) enemy (b) away (c) the (d) the (e) an (f) for (g) in (h) sitting (i) up (j) in 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.      (a) A school library is a part and parcel of a reputed school. (b) It is housed in the main building of our school. (c) We are not allowed to read books in the library during class hours. (d) Books can be borrowed for a certain period. (e) A catalogue must be maintained to locate any book. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box below: —        1/2x 10=5 The Republic of Maldives (a) — one of the smallest countries of South Asia. It (b) — 1199 islands that (c) — into 26 major atolls. People who (d) — to these islands from different parts of the world (e) — here since 3000 years ago. The natural beauties (f) — by the God attract the tourists to enjoy them. As a result, a lot of foreign currencies (g) — every year from the tourism that (h) — a lot to the national economy. So, the Maldives (i)— as the best tourist destination. Special importance (j)— by the government of the Maldives for the enhancement of tourism. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) has (c) cluster (d) have come (e) have been living (f) gifted (g) is earned (h) contribute (i) are ranked (j) is given 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: — Rosamond said to her mother. "What is it, Mum? I didn't want this black thing and the terrible smell." Mother said, "I don't know my dear. " Rosamond again said to her mother, "But what shall I do with it?" Mother said, "I can't tell." "Okay, Mum, I must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water." Answer: 5. Addressing her mother as Mum Rosamond asked her mother) what that was. She (R) said that she (R) hadn't wanted that black thing and the terrible smell. Addressing Rosamond as her dear she (M) said that she (mother) didn't know. Rosamond again asked her mother what she (R) he would do with that. Mother said that she (mother) could not tell. Rosamond told her mother that it was okey and added that she (R) had to pour that out and fill the jar with fresh water. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: — (a) William Wordsworth is one of the best well-known poets in English literature (Positive). (b) He was the second of his father's five sons (Negative). (c) He was born at Cumberland on April 4, 1770 (Complex). (d) When he was eight years old, his mother died (Simple). (e) At the same year he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead for education (Compound). (f) He was only 13 years old when his father died (Interrogative). (g) Fundamental education had been given to him at the school (Active). (h) The education that he learnt from this institution played better role in his life (Simple). (i) The readers called for a new edition of his famous book "The Lyrical Ballads" in 1800 (Passive). (j) This book brought a huge name and fame in his life (Exclamatory). Answer: 6.      (a) Very few poets in English literature are so well known as William Wordsworth. (b) He was neither the first nor the third of his father's five sons. He was none but the second of his father's five sons not (c) He was born at a place called Cumberland on April 4 ,1770 / April 4, 1770 was the on date when he was born at Cumberland. (d) His mother died in his eight years of age. (e) It was at the same year and he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead for end education. (f) How old was he when his father died? (g) The school had given him fundamental bless education (h) The education learnt from this institution played better role in his life. (i) A new edition of his famous book "The Lyrical Ballads" was called for by the readers in 1800. 7. Complete the sentences: — (a) He asked me —. (b) — how it can be done. (c) Hardly had he started for school —. (d) He told me that —. (e) — there is a way. Answer: 7.      (a) He asked me if I could recognize him. (b) He will show me how it can be done. (c) Hardly had he started for school when the rain came. (d) He told me that honesty is the best policy. (e) Where there is a will, there is a way. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — '/2 x10 =5 Agriculture is the soul of our national economy. But the farmers of our country are (a) — (literate). They are (b) —(ignore) of the scientific methods of (c) — (cultivate). As a result, our agriculture is still a (d) — (gamble) in the hands of nature. Sometimes heavy flood damages standing crops and invites (e) — (fame) in an epidemic form. Besides, sometimes drought makes cultivation (f) — (possible). Then (g) — (poor) is seen everywhere. As a result, poor farmers cannot buy (h) — (science) tools for agriculture. Moreover, the tools are not (i) — (avail) to buy them. So, it is said that (j) — (irrigate) is really costly in our country. Answer: 8. (a) illiterate (b) ignorant (c) cultivation (d) gambling (e) famine (f) impossible (g) poverty (h) scientific (i) available (j) irrigation ore 9. Complete the following sentences using appropriate question tags: — (a) Shapna has little knowledge about computer, —? (b) But she can improve herself if she is interested in it, (c) I think she has no interest in it, —? (d) She should be motivated at all, —? (e) Let's talk to her, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Shapna has little knowledge about computer, has she? (b) But she can improve herself if she is interested in it, can't she? (c) I think she has no interest in it, has she? (d) She should be motivated at all, shouldn't she? (e) Let's talk to her, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable sentence connectors: — An idle man does not do his work in right time. He puts off work of today for tomorrow. A student (a) —neglects his daily lessons is sure to fail. A young man who idles away his time becomes a burden to the family (b) — the society. His brain becomes the workshop of Devils. It is said (c) — the Devil tempts the busy man (d) —the idle man tempts the Devil. (e) — everyone should make the best use of time. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) and (c) that (d) but (e) So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — after supper when I began to set out lucy trembled in fear and said alfred dear are you quite sure that the letter really came from your chief I laughed told her not to be afraid and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. Answer: 11. After supper when I began to set out, Lucy trembled in fear and said, "Alfred, dear, are you quite sure that the letter really came from your Chief?" I laughed, told her not to be afraid and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Ratul looking for a job after completing your graduation in library science. You have seen an advertisement for the post of a librarian in a reputed college named Rupsha Degree College, Rupsha, Khulna. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the mentioned post. 13. Suppose, you are the students of class ten of Govt. Coronation Girls' Secondary School, Khulna. You are interested to go on a study tour in a historical place. Now, write an application to the Headmistress of your school praying for permission and monetary assistance regarding the tour. 14. Load-shedding has become a part of our daily life. It paralyses our way of life in many ways. Now, write a paragraph in 250 words on 'Load-shedding'. 15. Write a composition on 'Wonders of modern science'. ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Jashore Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You can use one word more than once: — The issue of food (a) — has drawn the attention (b) — general people. We (c) — find any food in our country (d) — is not adulterated in one way (e) — other. (f) — present, sub-standard foods are sold in most of (g) — hotels. Very recently government has directed a mobile court to look (h) — the matter of food (i) — They are catching dishonest hotelier’s red handed (j)— using unhygienic food ingredients. Answer: 1. (a) adulteration (b) of (c)hardly (d) which I (f) or (g) the (h) into (i) adulteration (j) for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — A true friend is (a) — asset. He stands (b) — his friends in time (c) — danger. He is not (d) — greedy person. He I — wishes for the welfare of (f) — friend. But it is a matter (g) — regret that a true friend is very (h) — today. A selfish man cannot be a (i) — friend. He always thinks of this (j)— interest. Answer: 2. (a) an (b) by (c) of (d) a I always (f) the (g) of (h) rare (i) true (j) own 3. Make five sentence using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.      (i) Man wants to know various things of the world, (ii) He is curious by nature. (iii) Newspaper shows us the outside world like a mirror. (iv) It is one of the best media to satisfy his curiosity. (v) It has a great educative value 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: — 1/2x 10=5 At present Bangladesh (a) — unemployment problem. This problem already (b) — an alarming dimension. The government (c) — to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) — without (e) — them skillful. Education (f) — a must. It (g) — a man to get a job. Job does not mean (h) — official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) — oneself in economic activities. The government is giving the educated youths financial help and training with a view to (j) — them self-reliant. Answer: 4. (a) is facing (b) has turned (c) is trying (d) solved (e) creating (f) is (g) helps (h) doing (i) engaging (j) making 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: —         5 The stranger said to the boy, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes, sir. I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. "I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. Answer: 5. The stranger asked the boy if he (b) could tell him (st the way of the nearest hotel. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he (b) could. He (b) asked him (st) if he (st) wanted a residential one in which he (so could spend the night. The stranger replied that he (st) did not want to stay there but he (st) only wanted a meal, 6. Change the sentence according to directions: —  1 x 10=10 (a) Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive) (b) A corrupted man can do anything against morality. (Complex) (c) People hate a corrupted man. (Passive) (d) Nobody respects him. (Interrogative) (e) The man who takes bribe is next to devil. (Simple) (f) Though we have stick law, we are still affected by this evil. (Compound) (g) No other person is as hated as a corrupted man. (Superlative) (h) We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple) (i) Everybody avoids a corrupted man. (Negative) (j) A corrupted man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.      (a) Very few evils are so bad as corruption. (b) A man who is corrupted can do anything against morality / A corrupted man can do anything that goes against morality (c) A corrupted man is hated by people. (d) Does anybody respect him? (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil. (f) We have strict law but we are affected by this evil. (g) A corrupted man is the most hated person. (h) We hope for Bangladesh being free from this evil. (i) Nobody accepts a corrupted man. (j) What an unhappy life a corrupted man leads! 7. Complete the sentence: — 1 x5=5 (a) An educational institution is a seat of learning —. (b) It should be a peaceful place where —. (c) But now-a-days peaceful atmosphere is absent from educational institutions because —. (d) The students who —. (e) The sooner it can be controlled, the —. Answer: 7.      (a) An educational Institution is a seat of learning so that a man can gain knowledge. (b) It should be a peaceful place where a man can acquire knowledge without any fear. (c) But now a days peaceful atmosphere is absent from educational institutions because of violence and terrorism. (d) The students who are engaged involved in violence can never acquire a sound knowledge. (e) The sooner it can be controlled, the better the result will be. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — Smoking is (a) — (danger) bad habit. It is (b) — (harm) to health. It is also (c) — (cost). A (d) — (smoke) should not smoke (e) — (public). Smoking creates (f) — (pollute). Smoking causes many (g) — (curable) diseases. It causes (h) — (comfort) to others. It causes irritation in the eye and (i) — (settle) the mind. But there are many people who are (j) — (aware) at the bad effect of smoking. Answer: 8. (a) dangerous (b) harmful (c) costly (d) smoker (e) publicly (f) pollution (g) incurable (h) discomfort (i) unsettles (j) unaware 9. Make tag questions of these statements: - (a) Hello, Rumi. You saw the program on arsenic pollution on the ATN yesterday, —? (b) Oh! Rajib. It has already become a serious problem in our country, —? (c) Yes, it enters into our body when we take arsenic contaminated water, —7 (d) It can cause different diseases, —? (e) Everyone must be careful about taking water, —? Answer: 9.      (a) You saw the programme on arsenic pollution in the ATN yesterday, didn't you? (b) It has already become a serious problem in our country, hasn't it? (c) Yes, it enters into our body when we take arsenic contaminated water, doesn't it? (d) It can cause different diseases, can't it? (e) Everyone must be careful about taking water, mustn't they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: — (a) — population problem is one of the greatest problems in our country. (b) — Bangladesh is a small country. it has a huge population. The government finds it difficult to provide basic necessities. (c) — it has become a great concern to all. (d) — solving this problem some necessary steps should be taken. In this regard general people should help the government. (e) — the population growth is controlled; people will lead a happy life. Answer: 10. (a) In fact (b) Though (c) As a result (d) With a view to (e) if 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — give me a few grains of corns i am dying of hunger said the grasshopper but what did you do in the summer didn't you store any grain the ant remarked i was too busy in singing. Answer: 11. "Give me a few grains of corns. I'm dying of hunger," said the grasshopper. "But what did you do in the summer? Didn't you store any grain?" the ant remarked. "I was too busy in singing." Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Rubi. You have seen a vacancy advertisement in the daily Prothom Alo for the post of senior officer in a private bank. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one Page. 13. Suppose, you are Labib. You arc a student of PK High School, Dhaka. There is no canteen in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on 'A School Magazine'. 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student" ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Comilla Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some the words. You may need to use one word more than once: - Our (a) — Bangladesh is (b) — agricultural country. Most of our (c) — are engaged (d) — cultivation. Many cultivators are (e) — poor to (f) — and use modern tools. Still they can (g) — bumper crops if the climate is (h)—. We hope to (i) — a developed nation (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) motherland (b) an (c) people (d) in (e) too y (f) buy (g) grow (h) favourable (i) become (j) soon 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - Honesty is (a) — to be (b) — best policy. An honest man never (c) — from the path (d) — morality. He is (e) —by (f) — but hated by (g) (h) — enemies believe and respect an (i) — and truthful man. So, it is our duty to remain honest (j) — our life. Answer: 2. (a) considered (b) the (c) deviates (d) of a (e) respected/admired/loved (f) all (g) none (h) Even (i) honest (j) throughout it 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - Answer: 3.      (i) Earthquake is a natural disaster. (ii) It is more destructive than flood. (iii) Earthquakes destroy many towns with the people. (iv) We do not get any warning before it. (v) We should have enough preparation to save us from it. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: - 'Health (a) — wealth,' (b) — the proverb. We cannot (c) — it. We cannot (d) — it. We must (e) — our body by (f) — the rules of health. People (g) — against germs that (h) — the body since their birth. Medicines (i) — to kill germs, but we have to (j)— the body fit by ourselves through the maintenance of the rules of health. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) goes (c) purchase (d) borrow (e) build (f) following (g) struggle (h) harm (i) have been invented/are invented (j) keep 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "Hello rickshaw puller, will you go?" said I. "Where?" said the rickshaw puller. "I want to go the railway station." "I may go, if you pay me 200 takas." said the rickshaw puller. Answer: 5. I called the rickshaw puller and asked him if he would go. The rickshaw puller asked me where I would go. I replied that I wanted to go to the railway station. The rickshaw puller said that he might go if I paid him 200 taka. 6. Change the sentences according to directions in the brackets: - (a) Mr. Rahim, one of my cousins is a good teacher. (Complex) (b) He is older than 1. (Positive degree) (c) He wants his students to be good citizens. (Complex) (d) He leaves no stone unturned to teach them morality. (Affirmative) (e) He becomes very happy when the students achieve good results in public examinations. (Exclamatory) (f) Mr. Rahim is not only punctual but also sincere. (Simple) (g) He is the best teacher in our area. (Negative) (h) He cannot remain sitting in the class. (Affirmative) (i) He goes to class after taking preparation. (Compound) (j) All the students respect him very much. (Passive) Answer: 6.      (a) Mr. Rahim who is a good teacher is one of my cousins./ Mr. Rahim who is one of my cousins is a good teacher. (b) I am not as old as he. (c) He wants that his students will be good citizens. (d) He tries his best to teach them morality. . (e) How happy he becomes when the students achieve good results in public examinations! (f) Mr. Rahim is punctual and sincere. (g) No other teacher in our area is so good as he. (h) He remains busy in the class. (i) He takes preparation and then goes to class. (j) He is respected very much by all the students. 7. Complete the following sentences: - (a) We come to know about the happenings of home and abroad if—. (b) People read newspaper lest—. (c) Many students do not read newspaper regularly as (d) Many people earn their living by —. (e) I become happy when —. Answer: 7.      (a) We come to know about the happenings of home and abroad if we read newspaper regularly. (b) People read newspaper lest they should remain ignorant of the current affairs in. (c) Many students do not read newspaper regularly as they do not know the Importance of it. (d) Many people earn their living by selling newspaper. (e) I become happy when I get the daily newspaper in the early morning. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - The other name of water is life. Clean water is (a) —(drink). Dirty water is (b) — (safe). Clean water is (c) — (contaminate) and (d) — (suit) for drinking. Bangladesh is a (e) — (river) country. But we get (f) —(adequate) water for use. The water of our rivers is (g) — (filth) — and (h) — (poison) We should keep water clean for health, happiness and (i) — (long). The Government should play an (j) — (act) role to keep water safe. Answer: 8. (a) drinkable (b) unsafe (c) uncontaminated (d) suitable (e) riverine (f) inadequate (g) filthy (h) poisonous (i) longevity (j) active 9. Make tag question of the following statements: - (a) I need a pen, —? (b) I must write a letter to my friend, —? (c) I have not written any letter to him for a long time, —? (d) As we are friends, I think, we should keep in touch, —? (e) I am irregular in writing but my friend is always regular in writing, —? Answer: 9.      (a) I need a pen, don't I? (b) I must write a letter to my friend, mustn't I? (c) I have not written any letter to him for a long time, have I? d) As we are friends, I think we should keep in touch, shouldn't we? (e) I am irregular in composition but my friend is always regular in composition, isn't he? 10. Complete the passage with suitable connectors: Student life is the best time in life (a) — almost every student is free from cares (b) — anxieties of life. He has nothing to do (c) — study. (d) — a student, he should read novels, magazines, newspapers (e) — text books. Answer: 10. (a) But (b) and (c) but (d) As (e) and 11.Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the text below: - my dear mother your letter is just to hand it seems to me that you are anxious for me why you need not think about me Answer: 11. My dear mother, your letter is just to hand. It seems to me that you are anxious for me. Why? You need not think about me. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12.Suppose, you are Rahim/Rahima of 12/12 Mirpur, Comilla and you have passed BBA. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post of a cashier to the GM, Pubali Bank, Dhaka. Your CV should not exceed one page.            8 13. Suppose, you are Habib/Habiba of Bakultala High School, Chittagong. You need financial help to hear your educational expenses. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for financial help from the Poor Fund of the school. 14. Our national flag is of great significance to us. Now, write a paragraph on 'Our National Flag'.            1 0 15. Write a composition on, 'Your Hobby'. Chattogram Board-2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: — A stitch (a) — time saves nine. This is (b) — very well-known proverb. Some people don't care (c) — anything. They (d) — off a job (e)— tomorrow, though they are not (0— whether the day will come. In this way, they can't finish a work when they (g) — it. Then they say, "Alas! If we were not (h) — about our jobs when we had a lot (i)— time we could be (j)— ". Answer: 1. (a) in (b) a (c) about (d) put (e) for (1) sure (g) need (h) careless (i) of (j) successful 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — An early (a) — can enjoy (b) — fresh air and oxygen (c) — the morning which refreshes both his body and mind. Moreover, he can finish his work early and as such he finds enough time to (d) — his work properly. (e) — the other hand, too much sleep makes (f) — man dull and lazy. A man who gets up late, wastes a lot of time (g) — sleep and idleness. He does not utilize time (h) — doing his work properly. So, everyone should make (i) —habit of early (j) —. Answer: 2. (a) riser (b) the (c) in (d) do/perform (e) On (f) a (g) in (h) by (i) the (j) rising 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences form each column of the table below Answer: 3.      (i) Bangladesh is a riverine country. (ii) It has a network of many large and small rivers. (iii) The large rivers flow all the year round. (iv) The small ones flow only during the rainy season. (v) All the rivers can be used for various purposes. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once: — Many students (a) — their studies from the beginning of the year. When the examination (b) —, they start (c) —very seriously. Sometimes they (d) — notes from their friends. Most of the time they get their notes (e) — by their private tutors. They (f) — these notes without (g) —. As a result, their power of (h) — does not develop. If they find any new question in the examination they can't (i) — it properly. As a result, many students can't do well in the examination. If they had read seriously from the very beginning of the year, they (j) — better result in the examinations. Answer: 4. (a) neglect (b) approaches (c) reading (d) collect (e) prepared (f) memorize (g) understanding (h) thinking (i) answer (j) would have done 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: — "May I come in, Sir?" said the guardian. "Yes, come in, please", said the Headmaster. The guardian said, "We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality". The Headmaster said, "Let's plan something for their betterment." Answer: 5. The guardian asked the Headmaster respectfully if he (g) might go in. The Headmaster replied in the affirmative and requested him (g) to go in. The guardian said that they all the guardians along with him had to do something for the betterment of their children, because they were losing their morality. The Headmaster proposed that they should plan something for their betterment. 6. Change the sentence according to directions: — (a) Is there anybody who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive) (b) Do you know it? (Passive) (c) An industrious man will shine in life. (Complex) (d) Hard work is needed for success. (Active) (e) A life with an assignment is an actual life. (Negative) (f) No one can receive any reward unless he works hard. (Simple) (g) One can't be successful without it. (Interrogative) (h) A successful man is very happy. (Exclamatory) (i) No other man is as happy as a successful man. (Superlative) (j) A hardworking man is healthier than an idle man. (Positive) Answer: 6.      (a) There is nobody who does not want to succeed in life./There is nobody but wants to succeed in life. (b) Is it known to you? (c) A man who is industrious will shine in life. (d) Success needs hard work. (e) A life without an assignment is not an actual life. (f) No one can receive any reward without working hard. (g) Can one be successful without it? (h) How happy a successful man is! (i) A successful man is the happiest man. (j) An idle man is not as healthy as a hard working man. 7. Complete the sentences: — (a) 1971 is the year when—. (b) Though Bangladesh has limited natural resources—. (c) — because he is not attentive to study. (d) Be truthful if—. (e) His silence proves that—. Answer: 7.      (a) 1971 is the year when Bangladesh came into being/ Bangladesh was born. (b) Though Bangladesh has limited natural resources, it cannot utilize them properly. (c) He cannot pass because he is not attentive to study. (d) Be truthful if you want to gain others' respect. (e) His silence proves that he is guilty 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — 1/2 x 10 =5 The aim of (a) — (educated) is to make a man fully equipped to be (b) — (use) to himself and to society. A (c) —(true) educated person should be self-reliant with regard to his (d) — (person) needs. He should be well-mannered, (e) — (thought), sympathetic and co-operative. He should be (f) — (truth), honest, punctual and (g) —(duty). Punctuality is a virtue that makes a nation (h) — (prosper). An educated person tries to (i) — (move) the sufferings of this countrymen. He also helps others in attaining (j) — (self-reliant). Answer: 8. (a) education (b) useful (c) truly (d) personal (e) thoughtful (f) truthful (g) dutiful (h) prosperous (i) remove (j) self reliance 9. Make tag questions of the following statement: — The wind blows gently in the spring, —? Let them do the work, —? How nice the flowers are, —? Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, —? Work hard to succeed, —? Answer: 9.      (a) The wind blows gently in the spring, doesn't it? (b) Let them do, the work, will you? (c) How nice the flowers are, aren't they! (d) Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, don't they? (e) Work hard to succeed, will you/won't you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: —      1 x5=5 Every citizen has some duties and responsibilities for his nation. (a) — most of the people are careless in this respect. People of this country have achieved national identity at the cost of a great sacrifice (b) — is still evaluated nationally (c) — some selfish people never want to give them recognition. (d) — we all should do some benevolent activities. (e) — we will be guilty to the nation. Answer: 10. (a) But (b) which/that (c) Because (d) Therefore (e) Otherwise 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — did people use stamps in those days asked rafiq yes answered mr. jamal the first stamps were used in 1840 are they easy to get now asked rafiq they are very difficult to get his uncle replied Answer: 11. "Did people use stamps in those days?" asked Rafiq. "Yes", answered Mr. Jamal, "the first stamps were used in 1840." "Are they easy to get now?" asked Rafiq. "They are very difficult to get," his uncle replied. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Samia/Samin and you have passed B.Sc Hon's in Chemistry. You have seen a vacancy for the post of a Medical Representative in a renowned company. Now write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Imagine, you are Adib/Adiba, of Madhupur High School. Now write an application to your Headmaster requesting him to open a "Debating Club" in your school compound. 14. Suppose. you have got stuck in a long traffic jam the way to examination hall. Now write a paragraph on 'Traffic Jam' in 250 words. 15. Now a day’s computer is widely used in different sections. So, Bangladesh Government also wants to make Bangladesh digital. Now write a composition regarding "the uses of computer in our everyday life." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Sylhet Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than one: – The modern world is undoubtedly a world of computers. It has brought (a) — a great change in our way of life. It works as a (b)— for human brain. It has enabled us to perform any difficult work (c) — in a few seconds. In the field (d) — medical science, printing, education etc. computers are doing (e) — jobs. In (f) — western countries, computers (g) — every sphere of man's life. Our country is also gradually moving (h) — a computer culture. It saves both our time and (i)—. I f we make a constructive use of it, it can render (j)— great service to mankind. Answer: 1. (a) about (b) substitute (c) accurately (d) of (e) wonderful (f) the (g) dominate (h) towards (i) energy (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable word: – Housing is one of the (a) — problems of our (b) —.Thousands of people in big cities (c) — Dhaka and Chittagong dwell (d) — the footpaths. In rural (e) — also there is (f) — acute shortage of houses. The cost of construction is (g) — everyday. At present it is very (h) — for the common people to afford (i) — cost of construction. This problem needs to be addressed (j) —. Answer: 2. (a) main/acute (b) country (c) from (d) on (e) areas (f) an (g) rising (h) high (i) the (j) shortly/ immediately 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: – Answer: 3.      (i) Trees are our best friends. (ii) They play an important role in our life. (iii) They are a great source of food and 1 in answer the ere sad heir vitamins. (iv) We should not cut trees at random. (v) We should plant trees more and more for a better future. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs in the box: – Men (a) — ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive time, they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places. They (b) — themselves with simple weapons. Their journeys (c) — long tiring and often dangerous. Being intelligent, they soon (d) — easier ways of travelling. They (e) — on the backs of their domestic animals. They (f) — boat and used it to travel across water. Travelling, of course, has now (g) — a highly organized business. There are vehicles which (h) — us with comforts and security. If we want to go abroad, we (i) —a passport and a visa. If we (j) — any of them, our journey may be ruined. Answer: 4. (a) had travelled (b) protected (c) were (d) discovered (e) rode (f) made (g) become (h) provide (i) need (j) lose. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: – "Why are you looking so happy?" Dipa said to Rupali. "My brother sent a mobile phone for me yesterday," replied Rupali. "But What's the use of it to you? I think it is a mere wastage of money?" said Dipa. "No. I can communicate with others in the shortest possible time." said Rupali. Answer: 5. Dipa asked Rupali why she was looking so happy. Rupali replied that her brother had sent 1 a mobile phone for her the previous day. Dipa asked what the use of it to her was. She also said that she thought it was a mere wastage of money. Rupali replied in the negative that she could communicate with others in the shortest possible time. 6. Change the sentences according to direction: – (a) Long time ago, there lived a young man called Ruplal. (Make compound sentence) (b) He lived with his family and worked on a farm. (Make interrogative sentence) (c) It was a beautiful place but there were a lot a problem (Make complex sentence) (d) The village people were quarrelsome. (Make negative sentence) (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle in order to find peace. (Make complex sentence) (f) So, he collected his things and went to live by himself. (Make simple sentence) (g) Ruplal made a nice little but for himself in the jungle (Use passive voice) (h) How happy I am now! (Make assertive sentence) (i) My jungle but is one of the most peaceful places in the world. (Make positive degree) (j) That night, while Ruplal was sleeping, he heard a noise. (Make simple sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) There lived a young man called Ruplal and it was long time ago. (b) Didn't he live with his family and work on a farm? (c) Though it was a beautiful place, there were a lot of problems. (d) The village people were not peaceful. (e) Rupial decided to go and live alone in the jungle so that he could find peace. Collecting his things, he went to live by himself. (g) A nice little hut was made by Ruplal for himself in the jungle. (h) I exclaimed with joy that I was very happy then. (i) No other place in the world is so peaceful as my jungle hut. (j) That night, Ruplal heard a noise at the time of sleeping 7. Complete the sentences: – (a) Yesterday I could not get up from bed in time because—. (b) As soon as 1 got up from bed (c) Since I could not avail the bus, —. (d) On the way to school. I walked fast lest —. (e) If I" reached late—. Answer: 7.      (a) Yesterday I could not get up from bed in time because I was late to go to bed. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, it was 7:00 am. (c) Since I could not avail the bus, I started to walk (d) On the way to school, I walked fast lest I should miss the class. (e) if I reached late, I would be taken to task. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: – Man is (a) — (nature) curious to know the unknown. Newspaper is the best medium to satisfy this (b) —(curious). It tells us what is (c) — (happen) around the world. It is the (d) — (supply) of all sorts of news and views. A newspaper is a (e) — (power) instrument of publicity. Government (f) — (notify) are given publicly through it. It is a good (g)— (company) in our solitary hours. It helps the (h)— (grow) of public opinion. But it is not an (i) — (mix) blessing. However, newspaper has made the world (j) — (small) and help one nation to understand the other. Answer: 8. (a) naturally (b) curiosity (c) happening (d) supplier (e) powerful (f) notifications (g) companion (h) growth (i) unmixed (j) smaller 9. Make tag questions of these statement: – (a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, —? (b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, —? (c) We decorated the school campus colorfully, —? (d) Among the events, sack race and three leg races were interesting. —? (e) None could resist laughter watching these events, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, didn't? (b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, aren't ? (e) We decorated the school campus colorfully, didn't we? (d) Among the events, sack race and three leg race were interesting, weren't they? (e) None could resist laughter watching these events, could they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connector: – (a) — I were a rich man I would help others. People living under poverty line has the hope of better days (b) —they do not get (c) — they dream of. (d) — their condition is getting from bad to worse. The only thing (e) —they need is nothing but education. Answer: 10. (a) If (b) but (e) what (d) Besides (c) which/ that 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: – are you ill he said coldly no i said then why are you sitting when all others are working go out at once and give them a hand Answer: 11. "Are you ill?" he said coldly. "No." I said. "Then why are you sitting when all others are working? Go out at once and give them a hand." Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, Pacific Bank Limited invites applications for the post of junior officer. You are Latif/Latifa and you are interested to build up a career as a banker. Now write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Mohim/Mohima of the village Modhupur, upazila Patiya, district Chittagong. Recently a flood has swept over your area and caused a got havoc. Now, write an application to the Deputy Commissioner of your district for relief and medical aids for the flood affected people of your area. 14. A school magazine gives the students an opportunity to reveal their creative genius. Suppose, your school publishes a school magazine every year. Write a paragraph in about 250 words on "A School magazine." 15. Journey is always pleasant. Suppose you have made a journey recently. Now write a composition on "A Journey you have made." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Barishal Board-2016 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: – The benefits of (a) — newspapers can hardly be exaggerated. Newspaper is (b) — storehouse of knowledge. The chief business (c) — a newspaper is to (d) — us news which we need (e) — know. It tells us what happens at home and abroad. The (t) — civilized people cannot (g) — without newspaper. Newspaper plays an important role in the lives (h) —a nation. It makes the world smaller and provides a (i)— benefit (j)— us. Answer: 1. (a) reading (b) the (c) of (d) give (e) to (f) modern (g) do (h) of (i) great (j) to 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: – Punctuality is of (a) — value to a student. An unpunctual (b) — who is (c) — in the class will miss a part of his/her lesson and (d)— lag behind. But (e)— punctual student will learn his/her lesson in time and do (f) — in the examination. Punctuality is (g) — key (h)— success. We all (i) —be punctual (j)— our day to day life. Answer: 2. (a) great (b) student (c) late (d) eventually (e) a (f) well (g) the (h) to (i) should (j) in 3.         (i) Character is the crown of a man. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: – Answer: .        (i) Character is the crown of a man. (ii) It is a mental or moral nature. (iii) If character is lost, everything is lost. (iv) Everybody hates a man without character. (v) Environment influences one's character 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: – The other name of water is life. We cannot (a) — a single moment without it. Water is (b) — not only for drinking purposes but also for household works and industrial works. Water becomes (c) — in many ways. The mills and factories pollute water by (d) — waste into it. Water (e) — polluted by chemicals and different elements. Sometimes people (f) — from many diseases. We should (g) — very careful about it. We must (h) —for safe source of drinking water. Otherwise we must (i) — in danger. Let us (j) — water from pollution. Answer: 4. (a) do (b) used (c) polluted (d) throwing (e) is (f) suffer (g) be (h) look (i) fall (j) save 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: – Mrs. Nasima said to her student, "1 heard the news of your illness yesterday. How are you now"? "I feel a bit well today, madam," replied the student. "don't worry. You will come around soon," said Mrs. Nasima. Answer: 5. Mrs. Nasima told her student that she had heard create of his illness the previous day. She asked him how he was then. The student replied respectfully that he felt a bit well that day. Mrs. The Nasima told him not to worry and added that he would come round soon. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: – (a) Bangladesh is a low-lying country. (Make interrogative) (b) Every year natural disasters visit us. (Make passive voice) (c) Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. (Use comparative degree) (d) It is Dhaka city which has not yet suffered any severe earthquake. (Make simple sentence) (e) People living in the high land can escape flood. (Make complex sentence) (f) Crops are damaged by this flood. (Make active voice) (g) Who does not know the consequence of Tsunami? (Make assertive sentence) (h) The recent flood was very devastating. (Make exclamatory sentence) (i) Bangladesh is in the active earthquake zone. (Make negative) (j) Dhaka is the riskiest city in the earthquake zone. (Use positive degree) Answer: 6.      (a) Isn't Bangladesh a low-lying country? (b) Every year we are visited by natural for disasters. (c) Flood is more dangerous than most other natural disasters. (d) Dhaka city has not yet suffered any severe as earthquake. (e) People who live in high land can escape me flood. (f) This flood damages crops. In (g) Everybody knows the consequence of Tsunami. (h) How devastating the recent flood was! (i) Bangladesh is not in the inactive earthquake to zone. (j) No other city in the earthquake zone is as risky as Dhaka. 7. Complete the sentences: – (a) Five years have passed since —. (b) It is a matter of sorrow that (c) I tried to write to you but (d) In fact, we all are always —. (e) We hope that we Answer: 7.      (a) Five years have passed since we wrote to each other (b) It is a matter of sorrow that you didn't respond to my last letter. (c) I tried to write to you but could not manage don't time. (d) In fact, we all are always busy with our own interest. (e) We hope that we will meet soon. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words ON en in the parenthesis: – 1/2 x 10 =5 Smoking produces (a) — (danger) — effects on man. By smoking a man incurs both physical and (b) — (economy) — loss. Smoking is a kind of (c) — (addict). Those who become (d) — (addict) — to drug, first begin smoking which is the initial step of addiction. We should raise (e)—(aware) — among our people. We should (f)—(courage) — others to smoke. It is (g) — (possible) — to stop smoking without (h) — (unite) — efforts. (1) — (fortunate) —only the (j)— (wise) — men can do such foolish work Answer: 8. (a) dangerous (b) economical (c) addiction  (d) addicted (e) awareness (f) discourage (g) impossible (h) united (i) Unfortunately (j) unwise 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, —? (b) Let's talk to him, —? (c) We think he doesn't know how to play tennis, —? (d) Everybody praises an all-rounder, —? (e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, —? Answer: 9.      (a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, has he? (b) Let's talk to him, shall we? (c) We think, he doesn't know how to play tennis, does he? (d) Everybody praises an all rounder, don't they? (e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, isn't see he? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: – A hare is a very speedy animal; (a) —, a tortoise moves very slowly. (b) —it has a heavy shell on its back. (c)—, its legs are short. (d) —, it cannot move as fast as other animals. One morning a hare laughed at a tortoise for its slow motion. The hare asked the tortoise to run a race. (e) — the tortoise felt hurt, it agreed to the proposal of the hare. Answer: 10. (a) On the contrary/On the other First of all (c) Secondly (d) So/As a result (e) Since/As 11.Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: –   5 I was born in a village near tangail a small river flows beside the village the villagers bathe in the river and catch fish how happy they are what they want is peace Answer: 11. I was born in a village near Tangail. A small flows beside the village. The villagers bathe in the river and catch fish. How happy they are! What they want is peace. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Shimul/Shaila and you have recently passed M.B.A from the University of Dhaka. There is a vacancy advertisement for the post of 'Public Relation Officer' in an Insurance Company in the daily Star. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose you are Zakir/Zara. You a student of G.C.B. High School, Gazipur. There is no canteen in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Mobile phone is a part and parcel of our daily life. Write a paragraph on "The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone 15. Write a composition on "Your Favorite Hobby”.

Dhaka Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: Learning is (a) — continuous process. Learning a language depends on a process based (b) — language skills. We need to practice four skills (c) — learn a language (d) We learn by listening, (e) —, reading and writing. But we have to learn not by (1) — but by understanding. We know that (g) — child starts to learn its mother tongue (h) — listening and lip sing and (i) — speaking. Native (j) — learn their language easily by listening and speaking. Answer: 1. (a) a (b) on (c) to (d) properly (e) speaking (f) rote (g) A (h) by (me) (i) then (j) speakers 2. Fill In the blanks with suitable words: Every student wants to do well (a) -- the examination. But it is not (b) -- easy task. A student has to work (c) —  for this. From the very (d) — of the year, he must be serious. He should read the (e) — books again and again. He must not memorize answers (f) — understanding. He must not make note (g) — a common source. He should have a good command (h) — English. By doing all (i) — things, a student can hope to make (j) —excellent result. Answer: 2. (a) in (b) an (c) hard (d) beginning (e) text (f) Without (g) from (h) of (i) these (j) an 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.        (a) Bangladesh is a land of villages. (b) Our villages are underdeveloped though they are the heart of the country? (c) Rural people are mostly illiterate. (d) Rural development means the development of the villages. (e) So, prosperity of the country depends on the Welfare of the villages. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box: Edison never (a) — to school. All education that he ever got (b) — to him by his mother. At the age of twelve, he was put to (c) — on a railway. Having a great deal to do with newspapers, he (d) — to pick up the art of (e)— and he printed a newspaper of his own named "The Weekly Herald". One day he (f) — a station-master'schild which was nearly (g) — over by a train. The station-master, out of gratitude, (h) — him how to use thetelegraph. Young Edison soon (i)           great skill at the telegraph. When only twenty, Edison (j) — a new telegraph which was extremely useful. Answer: 4. (a) went (b) was given (c) work (d) managed (e) Printing (f) rescued (g) run (h) taught (i) acquired (j) invented 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: "Good morning, can I help you?" said the manager. "Yes, I was told to come over here to get a parking sticker. Is this the right place?" said the lady. "Yes, it is. What's the registration number of your car?" said the manager. Answer: 5. The Manager wished good morning to the lady And asked her if he could help her. The lady replied in the affirmative and said that she had been told to go over there to get a parking sticker. She asked him is that was the right place. The Manager replied in the affirmative and said that it was. Then he asked her what the registration number of her car was. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: (a)  Mother Teresa is an icon to many people. (Make it interrogative sentence) (b)  She is respected by everybody. (Make it active) (c)  She is one of the greatest persons of the world. (Make it positive) (d)  She was very kind to the needy and the ill-fated. (Make it negative) (e)  She believes that charity is a great virtue. (Make it compound sentence) (f)   Actually, Mother Teresa was a noble hearted person. (Make it a complex sentence) (g)  Mother Teresa was a very passionate woman. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (h)  She helped those who were helpless. (Make it a simple sentence) (i)   She set up "Nirmal Hridoy" at Kolkata. (Make it a compound sentence) (j)   Who does not know about the charity of Mother Teresa? (Make it assertive) Answer: 6.      (a) Isn't Mother Teresa an icon too many people? (b) Everybody respects her. (c) Very few persons of the world are as great as She. (d) She was not at all unkind to the needy and the ill-fated. (e) Charity is a great virtue and she believes it. (f) There is no denying of the fact that Mother Teresa was a noble hearted person. (g) What a passionate woman Mother Teresa Was! (h) She helped the helpless. (i) she set up "Normal Hidey" and it was at Kolkata. (j) Everybody knows about the charity of Mother Teresa. 7. Complete the sentences: (a)There goes a proverb that —. (b)Though lost wealth can be regained by hard work, lost time —. (c)Time is so valuable that —. (d)Those who — cannot shine in life. (e)—, you must be successful. Answer: 7.      (a) There goes a proverb that time and tide wait for none. (b) Though lost wealth can be regained by hard Work, lost time can never be  regained. (c) Time is so valuable that time once lost is lost forever. (d) Those who waste time cannot shine in life. (e) If you make proper use of time, you must be Successful. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: Flowers are the symbol of love and (a) — (pure). They are (b) — (know) for their beauty and fragrance. Some flowers are (c) — (note) for their fragrance and some are for their beauty. But the rose is favorite to us for its color and beauty. Its mother place is the city of Paris. The (d) — (Japan) are exceptionally famous for its (e) —(cultivate). At present most of the countries grow rose in plenty. It (f) — (general) grows from June to November. Its scent makes us (g) — (cheer). It makes people lively, lovely, (h) — (affection) and so on. By (i) — (grow) roses in plenty, we can export them and solve our (j) — (employ) problem. Answer: 8. (a) purity (b) known (c) noted (d) Japanese (e) Cultivation (f) generally (g) cheerful (h) Affectionate (i) growing (j) unemployment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: (a)  Telling lies is a great sin, --? (b)  One lie begets hundred lies. —? (c)  Man, hardly believes a liar, —? (d)  A liar has to lead a miserable life. —? (e)  So, all offs ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) Man hardly believes a liar, does he? (d) A liar has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn’t we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: We know that trees are essential for all kinds of creatures. They give us not only food (a) — oxygen. They protect us from natural calamities. (b) —, they are called the savior of our environment. (c) — many people are not aware of this. They cut down trees randomly. (d) —, forest lands are shrinking. (e) — people go on cutting down trees, one day there will be no trees left for us. Answer: 10. (a) but also (b) that’s why (c) But (d) As a result (e) If 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: in a certain school a student once found a one hundred taka note in the playground, he took it to his teacher what shall i do with it asked the teacher Answer: 11. In a certain school, a student once found a Hundred taka note in the playground. He too, to his teacher. "What shall I do with it? As the teacher Rajshahi Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Morning walk is an exercise (a) — for the people of all (b) —. It gives us (c) — benefits. (d) — people who wake up (c) — and go out for (f) — walk, can enjoy (g) — morning air. (h) — this exercise helps them (i) —good health. Again, they can (j) — a good start of their work. Answer: 1. (a) suitable (b) ages (c) numerous (d) The (e) early (f) A (g) fresh (h) Moreover (i) maintain (j) make 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Use only one word in each blank: — Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes a proper (b) — of time and does his duties (c) —, he is sure to improve and (d) — in life. Hut if he does not (e) — it, he is sure to (f) —. Then he will be (g) — to drag a miserable (h) —. To spoil time is (i) — for a person. For, our lift is nothing (j) — the sum total of hours, days and years. Answer: 2. (a) architect (b) division (c) accordingly (d) Succeed (e) do (f) repent (g) compelled (h) life (i) Suicidal/ punishable (j) but 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.        (i) Kari Nauru is our national poet. (ii) His writings inspired our freedom fighters. (iii) He explored almost all branches of Literature. (iv) He was born in a small village in India. (v) He is known as a rebel poet. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box: — There are several reasons why friendship (a) — so necessary in human life. A man without a friend is like a man (b) — in wilderness. Moreover, it (c) — Wm to understand his surrounding in a better way. By (d) to a friend, a man can get relief. The advice (e) — by a friend is sometimes more reliable than his own judgment. Thus, it is (f) — that friendship is really important. But a man must (g) — time while (h) — a friend. If he (i) —to select the right person as a friend, he (j) — in the long run. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) living (c) enables (d) speaking (e) given (f) Seen (g) take (h) choosing (i) fails (j) will suffer 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: —          5 My mother said, "Won't you go to school today?" I said, "Mother, I feel feverish today. I don't want to go to school." "Ok. take rest now. You should be more careful about your health." said mother. Answer: 5. My mother asked if I would not go to school that Day. I told my mother that I felt feverish that day. I also added that I didn't want to go to school. Mother said that it was okay and told me to take rest then. She also added that I should Be more careful about my health. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: — (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox's Bazar. (Make complex sentence) (b) I was very glad. (Make negative sentence) (c) I accepted the invitation. (Use passive voice) (d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Make simple sentence) (e) I was very excited to see the sea-beach. (Make exclamatory sentence) (f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (Use positive degree) (g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world. (Use comparative degree) (h) It is called the pleasure seekers' paradise. (Use active voice) (i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Make compound sentence) (j) If I could visit the sea-beach! (Make assertive sentence) Answer: 6.        (a) my friend invited me so that I could pay a Visit to Cox's Bazar. (b) I was not unhappy/sad at all. (c) The invitation was accepted by me. (d) Reaching there, my friend received me cordially. (e) How excited I was to see the sea-beach! (f) No other sea beach in the world is so large As it. (g) It is more beautiful than most other sea Beaches in the world. (h) People call it the pleasure seekers' paradise. (i) every year a lot of people come and visit it." (j) I wish I could visit the sea-beach. 7. Complete the following sentences: — (a) Books arc our best friends because —. (b) A man who reads books regularly —. (c) By reading books —. (d) We can learn moral values —. (e) We should inspire the students. Answer: 7.        (a) Books are our best friends because they are always ready to be beside us. (b) A man who reads books regularly is able to know many things. (c) By reading books we can earn knowledge. (d) We can learn moral values by reading books. (e) We should inspire the students to read Books. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parented: — Early rising is the habit of (a) — (get) up from bed early in the morning. An early (b) — (rise) can enjoy the (c) — (fresh) of the morning air. He can hear the (d) — (melody) songs of the birds. Again, he can start his day's work (e) — (early) than others. An early riser does not suffer from (f) — (physic) problems very often. So, he need not go to any (g) — (physic) (h) — (frequent). Thus, an early riser enjoys (i) — (very) benefits and leads a (j) — (peace) life. Answer: 8. (a) getting (b) riser (c) freshness (d) melodious (e) Earlier (f) physical (g) physician (h) frequently. (i) various (j) peaceful 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: — (a) Patriotism is a great virtue, —? (b) Every religion teaches us to be patriot, —? (c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, —'? (d) Why some people forget it is really a question —? (e) We hope that nobody will derail from the right path. —? Answer: 9.        (a) Patriotism is a great virtue, isn't it? (b) Every religion teaches us to be patriot, Doesn’t it? (c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, mustn't we? (d) Why some people forget it is really a Question, isn't it? (e) We hope that nobody will derail from the Right path, don't we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: — Ripa is a student of class ten. (a) — she is meritorious, she never takes pride in her merit. She is helpful to all. (b) — any weak student comes to her with any problem, she tries to help him. She is respectful to the senior (c) — affectionate to the junior. She is simple in behavior (d) — strict in principle. (e) — everyone loves her. Answer: 10. (a) Though (b) If (c) and (d) though (e) So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: the teacher said to me dont you like to practice English it’s an important subject and you should be more careful about it. Answer: 11. The teacher said to me, "Don't you like to practice English ” Its an important subject and you should be more careful about it. Dinajpur Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgement and the (b) — of help received from others. In the society we cannot do all things. Sometimes, we need the help (c) — others. We are (d) — dependent on the society. A man may be in danger (e) — in problem at any time. It is a natural instinct in man to come (f)— to help the needy because of his fellow-feeling, (g)—and kinship. Gratefulness comes from (h)— depth of heart and finds its manifestation (i) —books, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. Answer: 1. (a) the b) apperception c) of  d) entirely e)or (f) forward (g)friendship (h)the (i) in (j)for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: Trees are (a) — to man in many ways. They provide us (b) — oxygen without which we cannot live more than a few minutes. They supply (c) — with vitamin and food, give us shade and help to (d) — drought and flood. Unfortunately, we cannot realize (e) — importance of trees. We cut them (f) — in large numbers (g) — it is a suicidal attempt. (h) —we do not stop (i) — acts, soon our country will, no doubt, turn (j) — a desert. Answer: 2. (a) helpful (b)with (c)us (d) prevent (e) the (f) indiscriminate (g)although (h)if (i) the (j) into 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (i) Liberty does not descend upon a people automatically (ii) People must raise themselves to achieve (iii) Freedom from foreign domination is an old Idea. (iv) The real freedom means freedom from want Disease and ignorance. (v) It is a fruit that must be eased before it can be enjoyed. 4. Complete the following text with rigid form of verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once. Child labor has (a) — internationally by the UN. To make a child (b) — the work that’s suitable for a man is punishable. Yet in the third world countries, the number of child-labor (c) — up day by day. Bangladesh (d) —one of these countries. Though government is committed to (e)— rich people to engage children in laborious work, things are not so easy. Poverty (f) — the first impediment in this field. The poor parents want to get additional earning by (g) — their children in work. Many children (h) — at different sectors now. But this should not be (i) — on. We should immediately (j) — this problem. Answer: 4. (a) been forbidden (b) do (c) is going (d) is (e) dissuade (f) is (g) employing (h) are working (i) Carried (j) address 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: "My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. 1 am going to leave it to you." "How will we find it?" said the sons. "You must dig the land for it," said the old man. Answer: 5. The old man ordered his sons to listen to him And said that a great treasure lay hidden in the land. He added that he was going to leave that to them. The sons asked their father how they would find that. The old man replied that they had to dig the land for that. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions in the brackets: (a) We are grateful to the freedom fighters. (Make it a negative sentence) (b) Their contribution is greater than any other thing. (Make it positive) (c) The freedom fighters who died in the liberation war are called martyrs. (Make it a compound sentence) (d) The National Memorial has been built with a view to paying tribute to their memories. (Make it a complex sentence) (e) A freedom fighter is the greatest son of the soil. (Make it a comparative sentence) (f) We got our independence for their sacrifice. (Make it a comparative sentence) (g) They fought bravely and snatched the red sun of independence. (Make it a simple sentence) (h) Though their weapons were ordinary, they had much courage in their mind. (Make it a compound sentence) (i) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Affirmative) (j) The government has taken some steps to improve their condition. (Passive) Answer: 6.      (a) We are not ungrateful to the freedom Fighters (b) No other thing is as great as their Contribution (c) The freedom fighters died in the liberation War and they are called martyrs (d) The National Memorial has been built so That we can pay tribute to their memories (e) A freedom fighter is greater than any other Son of the soil (f) Didn't we get our independence for their Sacrifice? (g) Fighting bravely they snatched the red sun of independence. (h) Their weapons were ordinary but they had much courage in their mind. (i) Their contribution will always be remembered (j) Some steps have been taken to improve their Condition by the government 7. Complete the sentences: (a) It is said that (b) In youth the mind is so soft that —. (c) If we lose the morning hours of life—. (d) We will reap good harvest—. (e) On the other hand, if we remain lazy —. Answer: 7.      (a) It is said that youth is the golden period of Life. (b) In youth the mind is so soft that it can be shaped as you like. (c) If we lose the morning hours of life, our later Hours of life will be full of  frustration. (d) We will reap good harvest if we use the best of our youth. (e) On the other hand, if we remain lazy we will suffer in the long run. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the brackets. Life without leisure and (a) — (relax) is dull. Life becomes (b) — (charm) if one does not have any time to enjoy the (c)—(beauty) objects of nature. (d) — (monotony) work hinders the (e)—(smooth) of work. Leisure (f)— (rich) our spirit to work. Everybody knows that (g)— (work) is (h) — (harm). Leisure does not mean (i) —(idle). It gives freshness to (j) — (create) our energy. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful  (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) enriches (g) Overwork (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) recreate 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: (a) Time and tide wait for none, —? (b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, —? (c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time, —? (d) So, everybody should realize this truth, —? (e) Let's make the best use of time, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Time and tide wait for none, isn't it? (b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, don't we? (c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time properly, can they? (d) So, everybody should realize this truth, shouldn't they? (e) Let's make the best use of time, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: Globalization is a term (a) — is commonly used by man. (b) — it is a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world creating a borderless market. (c) — global development, we have conquered the time (dl—distance. (e)—, we can learn what is happening in the farthest corner of the world, Answer: 10. (a) which (b) In fact (c) Because of/ Due to (d) and (e) As a result 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:    why are you putting up the food in your pocket why don't you eat asked the noble man i am doing the right thing replied sheikh saadi Answer: 11. Why are you putting up the food in your pocket? Why don't you eat?" asked the noble man, "I am doing the right thing," replied Sheikh Saadi. Jashore Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1.  Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes (b) — proper division of his time and (c)— his duties accordingly. He will (d) — improve and prosper (e) — life. But if he does otherwise, he is sure (f) — suffer when it is too late. To waste time is as bad as to commit suicide. In fact, our (g) — is nothing but the sum total (h) — hours, days and years. If we waste (i) — morning hours of life, we shall have to (0— afterwards. Answer: 1. (a) maker (b) a (c) does (d) surely (e) in (f) to (g) life (h) of (i) the (j) repent 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: A great (a) — of people speak English all ova (b) — world. Some people use (c)— as a first language and some people take it as (d)— second language. Many international organizations now (e) — co English to communicate with offices in different (f) — Their advertisements published (g) — different newspapers are in English. They also want people who possess a good (h) — over English. People seeking (i) — can’t expect to get a good one (j) — knowing English. Answer: 2. (a) number (b) the (c) English (d) a © depend (f) countries (g) in (h) command (i) jobs (j) without 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (a) Addiction means strong attraction for any harmful thing. (b) Drugs are used for intoxicating and stimulating effects. (c) Drug addiction is not only a national but also a global problem. (d) Drug addiction has grasped the young generation of the country. © These drugs are taken by smoking. Or through injection. 4. Complete the following text with right form of the verbs given in the box: One day a scholar (a) — a river with a boat. Suddenly a ghastly wind (b) — to blow. The scholar (c) — with fear the boatman (d) — him if he ©— how to swim. The answer from the scholar (f)—negative. Then the boatman (g)—, “Very soon you are going to (h)—. You (i)— a lot of knowledge but it (j)—to use at this moment.” Answer: 4. (a) was crossing (b) began (c) was trembling/trembled  (d) asked © knew (f) was (g) said (h) drown (i) have (j) won’t come 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: “Why did you not go to school yesterday, Rimu?” asked the mother. “I was ill, mum.” “How are you today?” “Well,” answered the girl. “Don’t worry for me.” Answer: 5. The mother asked Rimu why she © had not gone to school the previous day. Rimu replied that she had been ill. The mother asked her © how she © was that day. The girl answered that she © was well and forbade her mother to worry for her ©. 6. Change the sentences according to directions in the brackets: (a) Strategy is the most important thing in the examination. (Comparative) (b) Any answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Active) © When he gets the question paper, he should read it carefully. (Simple) (d) At first glance, the questions may seem difficult. (Negative) (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions to get good marks. (Complex) (f) If an examinee answers all the questions, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (Simple) (g) But it is better than not answering at all. (Positive) (h)  It is really sensible. (Exclamatory) (i) The examinee should not waste time by doing it. (Passive) (j) Without following this process, you cannot bring a good result in an examination. (Compound) Answer: 6.      (a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination. (b) The examinee should not elaborate any answer in the exam. (c) Getting the question paper he should read it carefully. (d) At first glance, the questions may not seem easy. (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions so that he may get good marks. (f) The examiner becomes glad to see an examinee answering all the questions. (g) But, not answering at all is not as good as it. (h) How sensible it is! (i) Time should not be wasted by the examinee by doing it. (j) Follow this process or you cannot bring a good result in an examination. 7. Complete the following sentences: (a)  Five years have passed since — (b) Hardly had the assembly began (c)  — lest you should miss the plane. (d)  Danger often comes— (e) The lady speaks as if—. Answer: 7. (a) Five years have passed since we met catch other. (b) Hardly had the assembly begun when reached school. (c) Hurry up lest you should miss the plane. (d) Danger often comes when danger is scared. (e) The lady speaks as if she knew everything. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: You should bear in mind that (a) -- (confidence) assists a man to reach the goal of life. The lack of (b) —(determine) leads one to lose the confidence. You need it in order to (c) — (come) the problems of life. Fix a target and then try (d) — (sincere) to gain success. Don't lose heart if you fail. Remember that (e) — (fail) is the pillar of success. Whereas, success without (1) — (compete) is not enjoyable. Determination keeps you (g) — (mental) strong and make (h) — (prepare) for struggling to reach the goal. Nobody can be (i) — (success) in his mission. Failure makes him more (j)— (determine) to work hard. Answer: 8. (a) self-confidence (b) determination (c) overcome (d) sincerely (e) failure (f) competition (g) mentally (h) prepared (i) successful (j) determined 9. Make tag question of the following statements: (a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, —? (b Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, —? (c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, —? (d) We should never neglect them, —? (e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, —? Answer: 9.      (a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, aren't they? (b) Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, is it? (c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, won't it? (d) We should never neglect them, should we?" (e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, mustn't they? 10. Complete the passage with suitable connectors: Trees are very important (a) — they produce oxygen (b) — is a must for man and all living beings. We must realize (c) — they help us in many ways. (d) — trees are less in number, there will be an increased amount of carbon di-oxide in the atmosphere. (e) — it will enhance greenhouse effect. Answer: 10. (a) as/ because (b) which/ that (c) that (d) If/ When (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the text below: my sons listen to me said rahman an old fanner a great treasure lies hidden in the land there i am going to leave it for you the sons asked how shall we find it Answer: 11. "My sons, listen to me," said Rahman, an old farmer. "A great treasure lies hidden in the land there. I am going to leave it for you." The sons asked, "How shall we find it?" Comilla Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks may not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks: – (0.5 × 10 = 5) In (a) ______ last 25 years (b)______ world has lost one-third of its natural wealth, according to (c)_________ international conservation organization world wild fund. (d)__________ earth’s forest, wetlands, seas and coasts are in (e)________ worse state today than they was before. Forests are cut down. Moreover, they are being burnt indiscriminately resulting in (f)________ increase in carbon-di-oxide and ultimately in (g)_________ water level rising as a consequence of global warming. It is anticipated that (h)________ new century will face (i)_______ overwhelming environmental (j)__________ catastrophe. Answer: 1. (a) for (b) of (c) beneficial (d) between (e) saying (f) on (g) participation (h) physically (i) an (j) personality 2. Complete the text with suitable prepositions: – (0.5 × 10=5) We got our freedom (a)_______ the sacrifice of hundreds and thousands of (b)__________ lives. The patriots (c)_______ our land fought (d)________ the oppression of the West Pakistani rulers. Finally, the oppressors were bound to surrender (e)________ our freedom fighters. But a great number (f)________ the sons of the land died (g)_______ the war. Soon (h)_________ the war, the government (i)___________. Bangladesh founded the National Memorial (j)_________ memory of the martyrs. Answer: 2. (a) after (b) the (c) construction (d) after (e) over (f)  a. (g) in (h) fair (i) direction/ guidance/ supervision (j) the 3. Complete the sentences with suitable phrase/words given the box: (a) There is a foul smell in the room. ________ opening the windows? (b) Tomorrow I will be very busy. So, I’ll say goodbye now ______ I don’t see you again. (c) We ________ educate all and work hard to develop our country. (d) Nobody likes Abdul Karim at all. He talks ________ he knew everything. (e) The poor will continue to suffer ________ they are illiterate. (f) Nobody likes you here _____ you left this place. (g) He saw the bear coming towards him. SO, he climbed up a tree _____ the bear might attack him. (h) Everybody disliked Rakib. He ______ do many harmful activities. (i) Time is very important in our life. You cannot prosper in like _______ you make proper use of time. (j) The students were talking in the class _______ the teacher entered the class than they stopped talking. Answer: 3.      (i) Mount Everest is in the Himalayan Mountains. (ii) It has fascinated the climbers always. (iii) It looks exciting and challenging to them. (iv) But climbing Everest is difficult and dangerous because of snow. (v) There might be snow slides and cracks under ice. 4. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses /phrases: – (a) He studies medicine so that ______. (b) Time has its wings. It was five years since we _______. (c) The poor man knocked at my door. He came to me with a view to _________. (d) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for ________. (e) I went to the market yesterday. Had you requested me, I _______. (f) Do not worry about me. I ______ after I have finished my study. (g) They are very hard working. If the bank gives them a loan on easy terms, they _________. (h) Unity is strength, united we stand, _______. (i) We had to walk through a jungle. We saw a snake while we ______. (j) Everybody will go to the graveyard after death. A graveyard is a place ________. Answer: 4. (a) is called (b) is c) prepare (d) formed (e) influence (f) should (g) maintaining (h) use (i) succeed (j) be 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. English (a)_______ (be) the most widely used international language. It (b)________ (learn) to communicate with the foreigners for various purposes such as (c) _______ (maintain) cooperation, co-existence and exchanging business information. There are also certain jobs which (d)________ (require) a good functional knowledge of English. The jobs of a pilot, a postman, a telephone operator, a tour guide, a mechanic, a receptionist of an international hotel, an executive of a multinational firm etc. (e)_______ (be) a few of them. Besides, a student (f)______ (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English because the books on advanced education are mostly (g)________ (write) in English. So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can in no way, be (h)_______ (ignore). Rather, we should (i)_______ (put) high importance on (j)_________ (learn) English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. Answer: 5. The teacher asked the boy if he (b) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he thought so. The teacher advised him to learn to be honest from his boyhood. The boy thanked him respectfully. The teacher wished that Allah might grant him a long life. 6. Read the text and change the sentences as directed: (a) Some essential agricultural inputs are to be ensured to increase our food production. (Make it active) (b) The farmers who are poor do not get loan on easy terms. (Make it simple) (c) What a pity! (Make it Assertive) (d) The farmers do not get the facilities necessary for food production. (Make it Complex) (e) Unfortunately, they do not get the due price of their products (Make it Compound) Answer: 6.      (a) No other man in this subcontinent was as generous as Haji Mohammad Mohsin. (b) It was Hoogly where he was born. (c) Didn't he inherit a vast property from his father and sister? (d) This wealth was not misused by him. (e) People call him a friend of humanity. (f) He was unmarried/ a bachelor (g) During his lifetime he spent money lavishly and helped the poor. (h) He was not unkind/ rude to the poor at all. (i) One night a thief broke into his room at the time of saying his prayer. (j) Though he caught the thief, he didn't punish him. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: – “Have you saved something for the future?” said the richman. ” No,” said the cobbler. ” I am happy with the present and think little about tomorrow.” “No, that would not do,” said the richman. “I like to see you above want. Have this money and keep it.” Answer: 7.      (a) This is Bangladesh which is my motherland. (b) The people of Bangladesh are friendly though they are poor. (c) When anyone falls in danger. others come to help him. (d) We love and help one another as if we were friends. (e) We work seriously in order that Bangladesh might prosper. 8. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear: – (1× 5 = 5) Traveling is a part of education. These means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. These gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to traveling. This limits his vision. However, by traveling to different parts of the world, my knowledge can be enriched. Answer: 8. (a) useful (b) impossible (c) natural (d) strengthens (e) indiscriminately (f) imbalance (g) plantation (h) happier (i) healthier (j) peaceful 9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a)_____ (pre modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b)_______ (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c)_____ (pre modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d)______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e)________ (post modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g)______ (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h)______ (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i)______ (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j)_______ (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us. Answer: 9.      (a) Most of the students who fail in English do not have strong foundation on grammar, do they? (b) No, they read only to pass the examination, don't they? (c) Yes, teachers should motivate them to learn the basic things, shouldn't they? (d) Yes, they cannot help learning grammar, can they? (e) No, moreover, practice is essential too, isn't it? 10. Use appropriate sentence connector in the blank spaces of the following passage: Trees are a vital part of our environment (a)_______, they bear a great impact on the climate. (h)_______ we are not careful about them (c) ______ we destroy trees at random. (d)______, one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect (e)_______ ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on it. (f)______, our agriculture is depended on rain. (g)_______, trees play a vital role on our climate. (h)_______ trees keep the soil strong. (i)_______, trees save us from flood (j)______ may other natural calamities. Answer: 10. (a) as/since/because (b) although/though (c) that (d) In fact (e) as 11. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below: There are many (a) people who have a (b) conservative outlook. Quite (c) early in life they learn to (d) believe that everything in this (e) world was predetermined and (f)all that happen to them was ordained by God. For this belief, the poor generally accept their (g) Poverty and all their sorrows and (h) sufferings without trying much to (i) overcome them. They also have the (j) same sort of attitude towards illness and disease. (a)   people (synonym) (b) conservative (antonym) (c)early(antonym) (d)believe (synonym) (e) world (synonym) (f) all (antonym) (g) poverty (antonym) (h) sufferings (synonym) (i) overcome (synonym) (j) same (antonym) Answer: 11. "How daring you are to wake me up!" the lion roared. "I shall kill you for that." "Please, let me go", the mouse cried, "I did not mean to wake you up." 12. There are some errors in the use of punctuations marks in the following text. Re-write the text correcting those errors: – (0.5×10= Chattogram Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Sports are very essential (a) — us. There are various types (b) — sports. Among them cricket football, volleyball etc. are very popular. All types of sports are (c)—to us. There is a relation (d) — the body and the mind. "A sound mind in a sound boy' is a wise (e)—. In order to win success in life we should have sound health which depends (f) — regular (g) — in games and sports. Sports keep us (h) — fit. Sport exercise is (i) — important influence in forming ones (j) —. Answer: 1. (a) for (b) of (c) beneficial (d) between (e) saying 10 (f) on (g) participation (h) physically (i) an (j) personality 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: A man of (a) — is respected always (b) — after his death for his (c) —.       He is an (d) — person who devotes himself with a view to (c)— education in the society. He always (f) — people how to (g) — between right and wrong. (h)— fact, he is the authentic person (i) — the world should (j)—. Answer: 2. (a) letters (b) even (c) wisdom (d) intellectual (e) spreading in teaches (g) distinguish (h) In (i) whom (j) remember 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.        (i) Sincerity is a great virtue. (ii) A sincere man works properly. (iii) The great people are also sincere to their work. (iv) The people of our country are indifferent to his the importance of sincerity. (v) They are not aware of its importance. 4. Complete the following text with right form of the verbs given in the box below: Price hike of household’s products (a) — now a problem for us. Every day we (b) — it. Most of our people (c) — low income is in danger. They (d) — of purchasing meat and fish as they (e) —. The price of vegetables in also high. We are to bargain (f)— simple product. Many times, the buyers (g) —. There (h) — a fixed price for every time. Then it (i) — possible to make the buyers free from harassment. Government (j)—to fulfil our expectation. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) face (c) having (d) can't think (e) require (f) to buy (g) are cheated (h) should be (i) will be (j) is trying 5. Change the narrative style of the following text:  5 "How lovely the doll is! I'll buy it," said Mona. "No, it is not durable. Tomorrow we'll visit another village fair. Then you can buy another doll. Let's go now," said mother. "You must buy me a good doll," said Mona. "Yes". replied mother. Answer: 5. Mona exclaimed with wonder that the doll was very lovely. She also added that she would buy it. Mona's mother replied in the negative that it was not durable. She also added that they would visit another village fair the next day. Then they could buy another doll. She proposed that they should go then. Mona told her mother that she had to buy her a good doll. Mona's mother replied in the affirmative. 6. Change the sentences according to directions:    I x10-10 (a) Who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive) (b) It is not an easy thing. (Affirmative) (c) Being industrious, everyone can prosper in life. (Negative) (d) The idle always lag behind. (Complex) (e) We must work hard so that we can earn money. (Simple) (f) By working hard, we can improve our lot. (Compound) (g) The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard-working person. (Active) (h) Women should work as much as men. (Comparative) (i) We should remember that industry is the key to success. (Passive) (j) An idle man leads a very miserable life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.        (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life. (b) It is a difficult thing. (c) Without being industrious. no one can prosper in life. (d) The people who are idle always lag behind. (e) We must work hard to earn money. (f) We work hard and can improve our lot. (g) A hard working person can see the light of Prosperity full (h) Women should not work less than men do. (i) That industry is the key to success should be remembered by us. (j) What a miserable life an idle man leads! 7. Complete the following sentences:         I x55 (a) He pretends as if—. (b) It is high time—. (c) Walk slowly lest—. (d) —cannot succeed. (e) Had I seen you before, —. Answer: 7. (a) He pretends as if he were a mad. (b) It is high time we went to our village. (c) Walk slowly lest you should fall down. (d) If you don't read attentively, you cannot succeed. (e) Had I seen you before. I would have informed you. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: (a) kind is a divine virtue. So, we should not be (b) kind to the people in distress and even to (c) low animals. Some naughty boys (d) beating the lower animals like dogs and cats. This is an (e) rational behavior. Animals are dumb (f) create. They are (g) harm beings. Some animals arc very (h) faith and they feel no (i) hesitate to risk their lives for our (j) protect, Answer: 8. (a) Kindness (b) unkind (c) lower (d) enjoy (e) irrational (f) creature (g) harmless (h) faithful (i) hesitation (j) protection on 9. Complete the following sentences using appropriate question tags: Sitting by the side of a river, Amin is speaking to himself. (a) Fishes can swim, —? (b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, —? (c) But, at present, the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, —? (d) So, there is scarcity of fish, —? (e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, —? Answer: 9.        (a) Fishes can swim, can't they? (b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, didn’t they? (c) But at present the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, hasn't it? (d) So, there is scarcity of fish, isn't there? (e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, mustn't we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable sentence connectors: Global warming is increasing day by day (a) — deforestation. We cut down trees (b) — never think of planting more trees. (c)—human and other living beings are in the threat of extinction. Time is coming (d) — there will be no tree left for us. (e) — we have to face bitter consequence of deforestation. Answer: 10. (a) because of/ on account of (b) but (c) As a result (d) when (e) As a result/ In the long run 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:         lx5-- 5 Thomas Alva Edison a great scientist was born in 1847 in Ohio America as a little boy he was very inquisitive he always wanted to know how things were done very early in life he showed that he was full of curiosity a quality which is so important to inventors. Answer: 11. Thomas Alva Edison, a great scientist, was born in 1847 in Ohio, America. As a little boy, he was very inquisitive. He always wanted to know how things were done. Very early in life, he showed that he was full of curiosity, a quality which is so important to inventors. Sylhet Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words you may need to use one word more than once:          0.5 x 10=5 Traffic jam is (a) — problem in all towns and cities (b) — Bangladesh. It occurs what a (c)— of vehicles crowd so close that (d) — becomes impossible I e) — sometime. It is more common what (f) — streets are narrow and have many bends. Weak traffic control system is also largely responsible (g) — it. It is very annoying and time killing. When caught in a traffic jam, we simply get stuck (h) — at one place. We can neither move (i) — nor backward. We have to wait and look repeatedly (j)— our watch. Answer: 1. (a) a (b) in (c) number (d) movement (e) for (f) the (g) for (h) up (i) forward (j) at 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: Trees bear a great impact (a) — the climate. If we destroy trees (h) — random, one day the country will turn (c) — a great desert. The country will bear the consequences of greenhouse (d) —. Again, there will be no rain and as a result the country will face a great crisis because ours is (e) - agricultural country and our economy is dependent on (f) —. Again, our agriculture (g) — on rain. So, trees have a (h) — effect on our climate. Trees keep the soil strong. Trees save us (i) — flood and many other natural (j) -. Answer: 2. (a) on (b) at (c) into (d) effect (e) an (f) agriculture (g) depends (h) great (i) from (j) calamities . 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (a) Ambition means a desire to achieve something (b) Almost all of us cherish a particular ambition (c) One needs to work hard to materialize any ambition. (d) One's ambition needs to be competitive too. (e) One can never be successful in life if one sits idly. 4. Complete the following text with the right form of verbs given in the box. A walk by the riverside in the evening (a) - very useful and pleasant. One (b) — not only beautiful sight but also (c) — fresh air. It (d) — the mind when one (c) — a walk by the river-side. Bangladesh is a riverine country and you can (f) — yourself of this opportunity of (g) — by the riverside. In the cities there are parks where you can go for a walk. This will help you (h) — fit. But if you (i) — it regularly, you will not be able to (j) — the benefit. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) enjoys (c) gets (d) refreshes (e) takes (f) avail (g) walking (h) keep (i) do not do (j) reap 5. Change the narrative style of the following text. "What are you doing now, flashed?" I said. "I am watching an interesting program on television." "Aren't you wasting your time?" "No, 1 don't think so," he said "Remember, too much watching of TV makes people lazy." Answer: 5. I asked Rashed what he was doing then. Rashed said that he was watching an interesting program on television. I asked him if he was not wasting his time. Rashed replied in the negative and said that he did not think so. I told him to remember that too much watching of TV makes people lazy. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: (a) We should read books to gain knowledge. (Make it a complex sentence) (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Make it passive) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (d) If we read books, we can enrich our minds. (Make it a simple sentence) (e) Books are the greatest friends. (Make it positive) (f) They give us both knowledge and pleasure. (Make it negative) (g) As they are our real friends, they remain with us in time of danger. (Make it a compound sentence) (h) Some books are very interesting. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (i) We can build up a developed society by reading books. (Make it a complex sentence) (j) Nothing but books can remove the darkness of ignorance. (Make it an affirmative sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) We should read books so that we can/ may gain knowledge (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don't the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) By reading books we can enrich our minds. (e) No other friends are as great as books. (1) They give us not only knowledge but also pleasure. (g) They are our real friends and they remain with us in time of danger. (h) How interesting some books are! (i) If we read books, we can build up a developed society. (j) Only books can remove the darkness of ignorance. 7. Complete the sentences: (a) Cricket is a game—. (b) Boys and girls of our country—. (c) Though cricket is a costly game, —. (d) Bangladesh is a test playing country—. (e) — to upgrade the standard. Answer: 7.      (a) Cricket is a game which attracts all classes of people. (b) Boys and girls of our country are very much fond of cricket. (c) Though cricket is a costly game, it is liked by all. (d) Bangladesh is a test playing country, but its standard is not high. (e) It is essential to upgrade the standard. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the underlined words:            0.5x10 =5 Food (a) adulterate is a crime. Adulterated food is (b) poison and causes (c) curable diseases. Some (d) greed businessmen are responsible for this (e) wicked. The steps so far taken by the government against those (f) honest businessmen (g) real deserve praise. (h) present, the fraudulent businessmen are much alarmed. (i) Hopeful, we will be able to shun this (j) practice very soon. Answer: 8. (a) adulteration (b) poisonous (c) incurable (d) greedy (e) wickedness (f) dishonest (g) really (h) Presently (i) Hopefully (j) malpractice 9. Make tag questions of these following statements: (a)Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, —? (b)Yes, she's been busy cleaning and dusting the drawing room. —? (c)Yesterday her father bought ha a lovely dress, (d)And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, —? (e)Lees buy a nice gift for her, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon isn't she? (b) Yes, she's been busy cleaning and dusting the drawing room, hasn't she? (c) Yesterday her father bought her a lovely dress, didn't he? (d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, doesn't she? (e) Let's buy a nice gift for her, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: None can deny the importance of tree plantation (a) — our lives on earth directly or indirectly depend on it. I (b) — it is a matter of sorrow that we are cutting down trees indiscriminately. (c) — trees are planted, soon our country will turn into desert (d) — there will be an adverse change in the climate. (e) — we should plant more and more trees for our own sake. Answer: 10. (a) because (b) But (c) Unless (d) and (e) So/Therefore 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: Why don't you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the boy you cannot expect good result unless you attend classes be regular in class

ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dhaka Board-2019 Part A: Grammar 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x10 = 5 It is (a) — that the new century is now facing various challenges especially environmental (b) —. Feeding the ever-growing population is (c) — first and foremost challenge for Bangladesh. It is very difficult to (d) — the current level of agricultural production. Because our agricultural hand is being reduced due (e) — human habitat, industrialization, river (f) — etc. Besides, we are losing our forests gradually. Trees are being cut down (g) — resulting in (h) — increase of pollution. So, it is (i) — to check the reckless alarming condition (j) — our own existence. Answer: 1. (a) anticipated (b) disaster (c) the (d) sustain (e) To (f) erosion (g) indiscriminately (h) an (i) imperative (j) for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Once a farmer had great desire (a) — land. One day (b) — to the landlord, he wanted some land (c) — he might live in comfort. The landlord was very wise. So, he told him to have as much land as he could cover by running (d) sun-set. The farmer became very pleased (e) — that. Next morning, he started running as (f) — as he could to cover more area. He ran till evening and the sun was (g) — to set. He ran with his last strength but became very tired and fell (h) — dead. He was (i) — there. Then the wiseman remarked a man needs just as much land as will be enough (j) — his grave. Answer: 2. (a) for (b) going (c) so that (d) till (e) at (f) fast (g) About (h) down (i) buried (j) for 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3. (a) Character means mental or moral qualities of a person. (b) It also means the combination of some good Qualities. (c) It is regarded as the crown of life. (d) Character of a person is psychological or Ethical nature. (e) Everybody hates a man without character. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) — a man to shed the last drop of blood to (h) — the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) — not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) — by ‘all. He always (e) — for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f) — only for their won interest. Those who (g) — for the country are true patriots. They (h) — even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) — their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) — forever. Answer: 4. (a) inspires (b) defend (c) is (d) is honored (e) Thinks (f) think (g) die (h) are remembered (i) sacrificed (j) honored 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 What is the time by your watch?’ said an old man. I said, ‘It is half past nine.’ He said, “I want to go to your house. Will you accompany me, please? ‘No. I am sorry because I am going to school,” said I. Answer: 5. An old man asked me what the time was by my Watch. I said that it was half past nine. He told me that he wanted to go to my house. He asked me requesting if I would accompany him. I replied in the negative and expressed. Sorrow Because I was going to school. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Man is the best creation of God. (Comparative) (b) Isn’t it our responsibility to do good deeds? (Assertive) (c) Our life is not measured by months or years. (Active) (d) Honest people lead a happy life. (Complex) (e) It matters little if a man lives many years or not. (Interrogative) (f) Nobody is absolutely happy on the earth. (Affirmative) (g) So, we should not waste time in vain. (Passive) (h) If we use time properly, we can be benefited. (Simple) (i) All men must die. (Negative) (j) Though we take utmost care, we cannot avoid death. (Compound) Answer: 6.       (a) Man is better than any other creation of God. (b) It is our responsibility to do good deeds. (c) We do not measure our life by months or Years, (d) People who are honest lead a happy life. (e) Doesn't it matter little if a man lives many 4 Years or not? (f) Who is absolutely happy on the earth? (g)So, time should not be wasted by us in vain. (h) By using time properly we can be benefited. (i) There is no man but will die. /No man can Escape/avoid death. (j) We take utmost care but cannot avoid Death. 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) Where there is a will, —. (b) If a man does not work hard, (c) As the people of Bangladesh are hardworking, (d) — but now she has made a remarkable development in her G.D.P. (e) So, it is our bounden duty to —. Answer: 7.       (a) Where there is a will, there is a way. (b) If a man does not work hard, he cannot Prosper in life. (c) As the people of Bangladesh are hard Working, they are sure to be prosperous. (d) She was an underdeveloped country, but Now she had made a remarkable Development in the G.D.P. (e) So, it is our bounden duty to maintain her Economic development by hard work. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 A good student is always (a) — (mind) to his studies. He is (b) — (respect) to his (c) — (teach) and superiors. He never (d) — (honor) anybody. He is free from (e) — (behavior) and never rude to his classmates. As he is (f) — (study), he never wastes his time in vain. He is also sincere and listens to his teachers (g) — (attentive) so that he can be (h) — (success) in life. His punctuality and (I) — (determine) help him to (j) — (take) and solve any difficult work or job. Answer: 8. (a) mindful (b) respectful (c) teachers (d) Dishonors (e) misbehavior (f) studious (g) attentively (h) successful (i) determination (j) Undertake 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: -                                    1x5=5 (a) I am an SSC examinee, —? (b) My expectation is getting A+, —? (c) Some of my classmates became addicted to using mobile phones, —? (d) They could not pass the test exam, —? (e) Everybody hates them for this reason, —? Answer: 9.       (a) I am an SSC examinee, aren't I? (b) My expectation is getting A+, isn't it? (c) Some of my classmates became addicted to Using mobile phones, didn't they? (d) They could not pass the test exam, could They? (e) Everybody hates them for this reason, don't act They? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 A school magazine is a magazine (a) — is published by the school authority. It contains poems, articles, essays and jokes. The publication of it is not an easy task (b) — it needs time, energy and money. (c) —, a magazine committee is formed from the teachers and the students. The editor (d) — is selected or elected by the committee members invites writings. (e) — good writings are selected for printing. Answer: 10. (a) that/which (b) because (c) Usually (d) who (e) Then 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 have you heard the name of alexander asked mr ahmed no sir razu replied how strange it is said he will you tell me about alexander please well he was the great king of macedonia. Answer: 11. "Have you heard the name of Alexander?" asked Mr. Ahmed. "No, sir." Razo replied. "How strange it is!" said he? "Will you tell me about Alexander? Please?" "Well, he was the great king of Macedonia." Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, a Computer Programmer will be appointed in the National ICT Research Centre, Dhaka. You are very interested for the post. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the same. 8 13. Imagine, you are Tanirn/Tanima, an inhabitant of the village Palpara of Sujatpur Union under Rupganj Upazila of Bhola district. Now, write an application to the Deputy Commissioner asking for relief goods for the flood affected people of your village. 10 I 4. Write a paragraph on Your Visit to a Book Fair’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Your Aim in Life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Rajshahi Board 2019 Part A Grammar 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 Road accidents have (a) — become a regular phenomenon in our country. As a result of the accidents many persons fall (b) to untimely death. It is reported (c) — most of the accidents occur for (d) — violation of traffic rules, (e)— unskilled drivers and unconscious passers-by. Many unlicensed and (f) — vehicles also (g) — the passengers and the passers-by. So, in order to save us from the accidents the government is trying to create (h)— among the people and has passed (i) —laws against the (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) recently (b) victim (c) that (d) the (e) by my (f) faulty (g) endanger (h) awareness (i) strict (j) accused 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Housing is one of the greatest (a) — in our country. Thousands of people in big ( b) — like Dhaka and Chattogram (c) — in the footpaths. In rural (d) — there is also an acute (e) — of housing. The cost of construction is (f) — day by day. At present, it is very (g) — for the (h) — people to (i) — the cost of construction. So, this problem (j) — to be solved soon. Answer: 2. (a) problems (b) cities (c) live (d) areas (e) crisis (f) increasing (g) difficult (h) poor (i) meet (j) has own 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Cricket has a great appeal among the people all over the world. of (b) But it is a costly game. (c) Recently, it has become popular in our country. (d) Its popularity surpasses that of football. (e) Now, rural youths are also seen playing cricket. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 In an educational institution teacher-student relationship is (a) — to be the most important matter. It is such a relationship that is (b) — on the basis of mutual (c) A. student always (d) — to his teachers because he cannot but (e) —help from them in case of (f)— knowledge. The sensible students never (g) their teachers. Moreover, they (h) — their memorable teachers' role which helps them (i) — in life. So, they always (j) — their teachers. Answer: 4. (a) considered (b) formed (c) understanding (d) owes (e) take (i) acquiring (g) forget (h) admit (i) succeed (j) respect 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The students said "We want to celebrate the victory of the National Debate Competition". The headmaster said, "Why?" The students said, "We want to make it memorable in our life". The Headmaster said, "Don't worry. 1 shall take all necessary steps to arrange the function." Answer: 5. The students told their Headmaster that they Wanted to celebrate the victory of the National Debate Competition. The Headmaster wanted to know the reason of such celebration. The students said that they wanted to make it memorable in their life. The Headmaster told them not to worry. He added that he would take all necessary steps to arrange the function. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Patriotism is a noble virtue. (Interrogative) (b) It is the greatest of all virtues in a man's life. (Comparative) (c) It persuades a man to do everything just, (Negative) (d) This quality highly motivates a man so that he can sacrifice his life for the country. (Simple) (e)  What an outstanding quality it is! (Assertive) (f) A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex) (g) A patriot fears none but the creator. (Affirmative) (h) By paying taxes he obeys the law. (Compound) (i) He is respected by all. (Active) (j) So, we should be patriots. (Imperative) Answer: 6.      (a) isn’t patriotism a noble virtue? (b) It is greater than all other virtues in a man's Life. (c) It does not persuade a man to do everything Unjust. (d) This quality highly motivates a man to Sacrifice his life for the country. (e) It is a very outstanding quality. (f) A man who has/ possesses patriotic zeal is Called a patriot. (g)A patriot fears only the Creator. (h) He pays taxes and obeys the law. (I) All respect him. (j)So, let us be patriots us on 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) We should keep in mind that ___. (b) If we are not healthy, ___. (c) We must eat a balanced diet so that ___. (d) We should wear socks and shoes when ___. (e) Nobody likes a man who ___. Answer: 7.      (a) We should keep in mind that health is Wealth. (b) If we are healthy, we can live a happy life. (c) We must eat a balanced diet so that we may Be physically fit. (d) We should wear socks and shoes when we Go out. (e) Nobody likes a man who is unhealthy. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Bangladesh is a (a)-(river) and (b)- (agriculture) country. So, we cannot ignore the (c)-(important) of rivers. Our agriculture is largely (depend) on the rivers. But we get (e) (sufficient) water for use from the rivers There are (f)-(differ) reasons behind it at first, the water of many rivers (g)- (dry) up in summer. Again, the water of some rivers is (h)-(extreme) poisonous. This poisonous water is (i)-(suit) for our agriculture. So, water pollution should be prevented at any cost for the ()-(better) of our agriculture. Answer: 8. (a) riverine (b) agricultural (c) importance (d) Dependent (e) insufficient (f) in different (g) dries (h) Extremely (i) unsuitable (j) betterment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Cutting trees is not good for us, -? (b) Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, -? (c) We can hardly live without them, -? (d) They are our best friends, -? (e) Let's plant trees more and more, -? Answer: 9.      (a) Cutting trees is not good for us, isn’t it? (b) Because, trees supply us oxygen, fruits and Wood, don't they? (c) We can hardly live without them, can we? (d) They are our best friends, aren't they? (e) Let's plant trees more and more, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 The whole world has turned into a global village (a)- the improvement of information technology. Now we can know (b) is happening on the other corner of the world sitting at home. One culture is coming in touch with another. The poor culture is receiving quickly the elements (c)- are in rich culture. (d) — technology transforms culture and develops it. (e)-we have to prevent the infiltration of bad culture of another society to our own culture. Answer: 10. (a) as a result (b) what (c) which/that (d) Moreover (e) But 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 go to bed now mother said you can complete your assignment in the morning no mom ill finish it now Answer: 11. "Go to bed now," mother said, "You can complete Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, some computer operators will be appointed in Prime Bank. You, Habib/Habiba, are interested to be a computer operator. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 13. Imagine, you are, Arif/Arifa, a student of Motijheel High School: Dhaka. Recently, your father has been 8 transferred from Dhaka to Cumilla. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of you school for a transfer certificate. I 4. Write a paragraph on “A School Magazine”. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in Everyday Life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dinajpur Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 Internet is the latest discovery of science. It is the greatest (a) — in this field. It is a computerized process (b) —a telephone set. To get internet (c) — it requires a modem, telephone line and a different sort of software for using the (d) — system. Nowadays the internet is (e) — great use to us. It has made the world (f) — and brought the world (g) — our reach. We can get any information in a very (h) — time. It has not only widened our knowledge but also made us (i) — for the unknown. It's a (j) — like Aladdin’s magic lamp. Answer: 1. (a) advancement (b) with (c) connection (d) Network (e) of (f) smaller (g) within (h) short (i) Thirsty (j) miracle 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Scientists have recently reported that (a) — surface ice caps are (b) —. This is due to a rise (c) — atmospheric temperature known (d) — the greenhouse effect. According to the scientist carbon dioxide is primarily responsible (e) — temperature rise in (f) —. The carbon dioxide is high when coal and oil (g) — burnt. The gas is  accumulating (h) — the atmosphere and causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice in the North and South poles (i)— melting. We should maintain the ecological (j)— of the environment. Answer: 2. (a) the (b) me lung (c) in (d) as (e) for (f) Atmosphere (g) are (h) in (i) is (j) balance 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Integrity is an uncommon quality of human Beings, (b) A man of integrity is a man of great courage, (c) He upholds his honesty and truthfulness Even at the cost of his life. (d) He never thinks to tell a lie or do any Dishonest deed. (e) Those who possess this quality are Considered super human beings. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Adult allowance (a) — a noble program initiated by the present government. In most of the developed countries of the world this kind of program is (b) — by the government. The government should pursue that their old age is (c) — and comfortable. But in our country the adult is (d) — on their own sons or daughters. The adult loses the ability to work and (e) — at this age. They (f) — offensively by their own issues. They have to (g) — their days depending on others. The allowance should be (h) — and the true needy (i) — to have this allowance. It is expected that the local leaders (j) — their duty impartially to select the right person for this purpose. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) taken (c) secured (d) dependent (e) earn (f) Are treated (g) pass (h) Increased (i) are allowed (j) will do 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 "Please give me your English Grammar and Composition Book." said Sara. "I cannot give it." said Niha. "I have to take it with me in the class." "1 shall return the book before the class starts." said Sara. "Take it." said Niha. "Thank You," said Sara. Answer: 5. Sara requested Nihau to give her (N) English Grammar and Composition Book. Nihau said that she (N) could not give it. She (N) again said that she had to take it with her in the class. Sara told her (N) that she (S) would return the book before the class started. Nihau told her(s) to take it. Sara Thanked her (N). 6. Change the sentences according to directions.                                                 1 x 10=10 (a)Facebook is a common social network. (Make it a negative sentence) (b)Now, it is being used all over the world. (Make it an active voice) (c)Everybody uses it. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (d)There is no student without smart phone. (Make it an affirmative sentence) (e)Who does not like social network'? (Make it an assertive sentence) (f)A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex) (g)A patriot fears none but the creator. (Affirmative) (h)By paying taxes he obeys the law. (Compound) (i)He is respected by all. (Active) (j)So, we should be patriots. (Imperative) Answer: 6.      (a) Facebook is not an uncommon social Network. (b) Now, people all over the world are using It. /Now, people are using it all over, the World. (c) Who doesn't use it? / Doesn't everybody use It? (d) Every student is with smart phone. (e) Everybody likes social networks. (f) No other social networks are as good as Facebook (g) In spite of its giving pleasure, we cannot get May Freedom to use it. (h) If you do not use it, you cannot keep pace us with the modern world. (i) We use it and can get many new Information. (j) I wish I could open a Facebook account. 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) We should keep in mind that —. (b) If we are not healthy, (c)we must eat a balanced diet so that— (d)We should wear socks and shoes when —. (e)Nobody likes a man who —. Answer: 7.     (a) Leisure means the time when we do not Have any work to do. (b) As we live in a materialistic world, we are Always busy with our work. (c) But, it should be kept in mind that life Becomes dull and unpleasant without Leisure. (d) if a man does not take rest after a work, life Becomes boring to him (e) So. We should take rest so that we can enjoy Our life to the full. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Bangladesh is a (a) — (river) and (b) — (agriculture) country. So, we cannot ignore the (c)— (important) of rivers. Our agriculture is largely (d) — (depend) on the rivets. But we get (e) — (sufficient) water for use from the rivers. There are (f) — (differ) reasons behind it. At first, the water of many rivers (g) — (dry) up in summer. Again, the water of some rivers is (h)—(extreme) poisonous. This poisonous water is (i) — (suit) for our agriculture. So, water pollution should be prevented at any cost for the (j) — (better) of our agriculture. Answer: 8. (a) resourceful (b) information (c) teachers (d) Reference (e) studying (f) situation (g) completely (h) relationship (i) teacher (j) popularity 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a)Cutting trees is not good for us, —? (b)Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, —? (c)We can hardly live without them, —? (d)They are our best friends, —? (e)Let's plant trees more and more, —? Answer: 9.      (a) everybody is free now, aren't they? (b) He along with his friends will pay a visit to Sleet, won't he? (c) But, Salam has little interest about it, has He? (d) He as well as his parents visited Sleet last Year, didn't he? (e) As they visited many interesting places, they and could enjoy a lot, couldn't they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 The whole world has turned into a global village (a) — the improvement of information technology. Now we can know (b) — is happening on the other corner of the world sitting at home. One culture is coming in touch with another. The poor culture is receiving quickly the elements (c) — are in rich culture. (d) — technology transforms culture and develops it. (e) — we have to prevent the infiltration of bad culture of another society to our own culture. Answer: 10. (a) as (b) but (c) as well as (d) But (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 go to bed now mother said you can complete your assignment in the morning no mom ill finish it now Answer: 11. "Stop. You are eating all our bread," shouted the two rats. "I'm doing my best, but I have told you that it's difficult," said the Monkey. "Give us that NY Little piece," said the rats. "This is my piece. Haven't I labored a lot for you?" replied the Monkey. "How foolish we are believing you!" said the two rats? See Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, some computer operators will be appointed in Prime Bank. You, Habib/Habiba, are interested to be a computer operator. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 8 13. Imagine, you are, Arif/Arifa, a student of Motijheel High School; Dhaka. Recently, your father has been transferred from Dhaka to Cumilla. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of you school for a transfer certificate. 10 I 4. Write a paragraph on “A School Magazine”. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in everyday life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Jashore Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 A hospital is the home for (a) — sick. It gives medical (b) — to them at free (c) — cost. A hospital is (d) —run by the government. A hospital has outdoor (e) — indoor sections. (f) — great number of the (g) — people are treated in (h)— outdoor section. People attacked (i)— serious illness are admitted (j) —the indoor section. Answer: 1. (a) the (b) treatment (c) of (d) generally (e) and (f) A (g) sick (h) the (i) by (j) to 2. (a) role (b) time (c) till (d) language (e) express (f) send/transmit (g) and any (h) always (i) an (j) what 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Language plays a very important (a) — in the life of human beings. We use language from the (b) — we wake up in the morning (c) — we go to bed at night. We use (d) — for different purposes. We use language to (e) —our ideas, thoughts and feelings, to (0 —our message or to pass (g) — information to others. In short, language is (h) — present in our activities. It is (i) — inseparable part of (j) — we are, what we do and believe. Answer: 2.        (a) Unemployment is a curse. (b) It weakens the body and mind of our young Population. (c) There are more people in our country than Jobs. (d) Educated youth remain idle after completing their studies. (e) They should not depend on the government to provide them with jobs On. 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 4. (a) memorizing (b) make (c) prepared (d) exercise (e) Thinking on develop (g) command (h) do (i) Claim (j) help 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Most of the students of our country arc expert in (a) — answers. They do not (b) — notes themselves. They get them (c) — by their tutors. Their tutors (d) — their brain for the students. So, the (e) — power of the students does not (f) ____.  They do not have any (g) — on their language. They, of course, (h) — well in the examination. But for this, they can (i)—no credit of their own. This result does not (j)—them in their later life. Answer: 4. (a) memorizing (b) make (c) prepared (d) exercise (e) Thinking on develop (g) command (h) do (i) Claim (j) help 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The teacher said to the boy, "why are you disturbing the class in this way? Don't you know that it is an important class? Get out of the room and don't come back today." "Excuse me, sir," said the boy. "I'll never disturb in the class," he promised. Answer: 5. The teacher asked the boy why he (b) was Disturbing the class in that way. He (t) again asked him (b) if he (b) didn't know that it was an important class. Then he (t) ordered him (b) to get out of the room and not to come back that day. The boy begged pardon respectfully and promised that he (b) would never disturb in the class. 6. Change the sentences according to directions.                                                 1 x 10=10 (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world. (Exclamatory) (b) At present, it is increasing alarmingly. (Interrogative) (c) Nothing is as disastrous as terrorism. (Comparative) (d) It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world. (Positive (e) A terrorist is hated by people. (Active) (f) Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive) (g) Though there are laws to punish the terrorists, they are not properly applied. (Compound) (h) By applying the law properly, we can get rid of terrorism. (Complex) (i) What a miserable life a terrorist lead! (Assertive) (j) They should be brought to book. (Active) Answer: 6.      (a) what a phenomenon of the modern world Terrorism is! (b) Isn't it increasing alarmingly at present? (c) Terrorism is more disastrous than anything. (d) Very few problems of the modern world are So/as corrosive as it. (e) People hate a terrorist. (f) Everybody is now in the threat of violence. (g) There are laws to punish the terrorists but, They are not properly implied. (h) If the government applies the law properly, We can get rid of terrorism. (i) a terrorist leads a very miserable life. (j) The government should bring them to book, 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) The mango is a fruit which—. (b) It is so delicious that—. (c) Rajshahi is the place where —. (d) If you visit Rajshahi, Bogura and Dinajpur —. (e) People of these areas produce a huge number of mangoes and —. Answer: 7.      (a) the mango is a fruit which grows almost all Over Bangladesh. (b) It is so delicious that people are fond of Tasting it. (c) Rajshahi is the place where the best variety of mangoes grow. (d) If you visit Rajshahi, Bogor and Diaper, You will certainly taste the best variety of Mangoes. (e) People of this area produce a huge amount of mangoes and earn a lot of money. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Life without leisure and (a) — (relax) is dull. Nobody can work without rest. Life becomes (b) — (charm) if man does not have any time to enjoy (c) — (beauty) objects of nature. (d) — (monotony) work hinders the (e) — (smooth) of work. Leisure (f) — (new) our spirit of work. Everybody knows that (g) — (work) is (h) —(harm). Leisure does not mean (i)—(idle). It gives (j)—(fresh) to our mind. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) renews (g) over Work (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) freshness 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) You had better drink cold water, —? (b) The father rose in him at this sight, —? (c) Thank you very much, —? (d) He as well as his brother came here, —? (e) Let us go home, —? Answer: 9.     (a) you had better drink cold water, hadn't you? (b) The father rose in him at this sight, didn't It? (c) Thank you very much, don't me? (d) He as well as his brother came here, didn't (e) Let us go home, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. (a) — it is a simple exercise; it is good for health (b) —mentality. (c) —, the morning air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. Morning walk is such an exercise which costs nothing (d)—gives more. (e)—we should make a habit of morning walk. Answer: 10. (a) Though/Although (b) and (c) Moreover (d) but (e) Therefore/So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 Zaman can you tell me what i am teaching the teacher asked i m sorry sir i can't follow replied zaman you can't because you are not attentive the teacher said Answer: 11.”Zaman, can you tell me what I am teaching? The teacher asked, “I am sorry, Sir, I could follow,” replied seaman. “You can’t because you are not attentive, “the teacher said. Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Salim/Salina and you are looking for a job. You want to apply for a job of a teacher in school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.                    8 13. Suppose, you are Arif/Arifa, a student of Kushtia Zilla School. You are interested learning debate. But there is no Debating Club in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for opening a Debating Club in your school campus. 14. Write a paragraph on "Our National Flag".                                                                                          10 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student".                                                         12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Comilla Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Bangladesh Is beset (a) — many problems. Illiteracy is one of them. It is not a (b) — to us. It is undoubtedly (c) — curse. It (d) — all kinds of developments of a country. It also causes many other problems (e) — our society. As most of our people are not conscious (f) — the importance of education, we cannot take proper step to (g) — illiteracy. As a result, we are (h) — behind. We have to depend on the foreign aids. All of us should come forward (i) — to remove illiteracy from the society. Then the (j) — of the country will be possible. Answer: 1. (a) with (b) boon (c)a (d) hinders (e) in (f) of (g)Eradicate (h) lagging (i) jointly (j) development 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Reading textbook is essential (a) — all the students. A student cannot expect (b) — make a good result until he or she reads text books. In the text books all the topics are designed as per students’ grade that ensures (c) — complete sense. In case (d) — not reading those texts a student will miss(e) — needed for him or her. Moreover, text books are (f) — and edited by highly experienced educationists. Some students ignore (g) — read text book rather they prefer guide books. But merely (h) — guide books keeps the students ignoble of the subject-matter as they are written focusing on exam result. (i) — a text book covers all the details for holistic flourishment (j) — a student. Answer: 2. (a) for (b) to (c) a (d) of (e) Information (f) written (g) to (h) reading (i) However (j) of 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Discipline means cans obedience to some sort of rules and regulations. (b) It must be a very important roar in human (c) It aims at maintaining sail harmony. Order and the like. (d) It means not to deny individual freedom (e) The absence of discipline is chaos and Disorder in the society 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Love for one's own country (a) — as patriotism. Everyone 'should (b) — a great love for his country. Many of our freedom-fighters (c) —their lives in 1971 for the sake of our country. The countrymen (d) — them forever. Some people arc (e) — persistently for the development of the country. They are also patriots. Everybody (f) — a patriot. When any natural calamity (g) —in the country, a patriot (h) — by the affected people. We (i) — the footprint of the patriots. We should refrain from (j) — any crime that is harmful for our country. Answer: 4. (a) is known to (b) have (c) sacrificed (d) will Remember (e) working (f) respects (g) occurs (h) Stands (i) should follow (j) committing 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "Good morning Rupa," said Sohel, "How much preparation have you taken for the upcoming SSC Exam?" "A great preparation" replied she. "I hope, I shall get 90+ marks in every subject." "How confident you are!" said Sohel. Answer: 5. Sahel wished Rapa good morning. He's asked Rapa how much preparation she had taken for the upcoming SSC Exam Rapa replied that she had taken a great preparation. Rapa added that she hoped she should get 904 marks in every subject Sahel exclaimed with surprise that she Was very confident. 6. Change the sentences according to directions. (a) Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. (Positive) (b) Computer is a blessing on earth. (Negative) (c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides. (Simple) (d) Computers 'are now-a-days being used in almost every sphere of life. (Active) (e) We cannot but depend on it. (Affirmative) (f) No one can deny its necessity. (Interrogative) (g) It is the most used device in our life. (Comparative) (h) It helps us a lot. (Passive) (i) Because of its usefulness, it has become very popular. (Compound) (j) Without computer, we cannot imagine our modern life. (Complex) 7. Complete the sentences: - (a)Books are our best friends because —. (b)A man who reads books regularly, —. (c)By reading books —. (d)We can learn moral values if —. (e)We should inspire the students so that —. Avswr: 6.       (a) Very few inventions of modem science are as Great as computer, (b) Computer is not a curse on earth. (c) In spite of its being a blessing, it has dark Sides. (d) Nowadays, people are using computers in Almost every sphere of life. Fell (e) We must depend on it. (f) Who can deny its necessity? It is more used than any other device in our (h) We are helped a lot by it. (i)It is very useful and so it has become very popular. (j) It is computer without which we cannot Imagine our modern life. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Success in life depends on the proper (a) — (utilize) of time. Those who waste their (b) — (value) time in (c) — (idle), reduce the time of their important work. (d) — (punctual) is another great virtue of human beings that (e) — (rich) the (f) — (man) life. If one takes lesson from the (g) — (biography) of successful persons. One will learn that they never keep any work (h) — (do) for the next day. (i) — (obvious). They were true to their words. So, they got a (j) — (respect) position in the society. Answer: 8. (a) utilization (b) valuable (c) idleness (d) Punctuality (e) enriches to (f) human (g) autobiography the(h) undone (i) obviously (j) Respectable 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Sincerity is a great virtue. A sincere man always succeeds in life, —? (b) The people who are insincere can hardly succeed, —? (c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, —? (d) Every student should be sincere to shine in life, —? (e) Let’s be sincere in your life, —? Answer: 9.     (a) A sincere man always succeeds in life, doesn’t he? (b) The people who are insincere can hardly sauced, Can they? (c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, Are they? (d) Every student should be sincere to shine in Life, shouldn't they? (c) Let's be sincere in our life, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. (a) — it is a simple exercise; it is good for health (b) —mentality. (c) —, the morning air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. Morning walk is such an exercise which costs nothing (d)—gives more. (e)—we should make a habit of morning walk. Answer: 10. (a) Though (b) and (c) As (d) but (e) so 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 why are you late always try to attend the class regularly yes sir the student said to the teacher Answer: 11." Why are you late? Always try to attend the class Regularly." "Yes, sir," the student said to the teacher Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Fahim/Fahima. You have passed HSC Exam. You have seen a vacancy that Cantonment Public School and College, Chattogram is going to recruit a computer operator. You want to do the job. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 8 13. Imagine, you are Sajid/Sajida, a student of class nine of Chattgoram Public School. You know, debating is useful for all students now a days. But there is no debating club in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school on behalf of the students for opening a debating club. 14. Write a paragraph on "Our National Flag". 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student" Chattogram Board 2019 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b) — objects. Natural (c) — are stones, trees, air and (d) —. Man-made objects are houses, cars, (e) — and chemicals. Natural (f) — are cyclones. earthquakes, volcanoes, storms and ocean (g) Life exists (h) — different conditions. It is very (i) — to keep (j) —environment clean. Answer: 1. (a) full (b) made (c) objects (d) water (e) clothes (f) Forces (g) currents (h) on (i) important (j) the 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Road accident is (a) — regular phenomenon in Bangladesh. Many people die (b) — road accidents every year. So, it is considered a (c)—. Road accidents occur for (d)— reasons. Many factors are (e)—for road accidents. The most common cause is (f) — driving. Sometimes they drive night coach (g) — on the same day. The drivers do not check the engines (h) — before they start driving. The roads are two-lane roads (i) — any dividers. These are some of the (j) — reasons of road accidents in Bangladesh. Answer: 2. (a) a (b) by (c) disaster (d) many (e) responsible (f) Reckless (g) even (h) carefully (i) without (j) Major/ main 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) the national flag is the symbol of Independence and sovereignty of a nation. (b) Every independent country of the world has its wore flag. (c) Hence, to every nation its flag is dearer than any other thing. (d) We need to safeguard its prestige. (e) For that we need to have patriotic feelings. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 One day Mina and her parrot, Mithu (a) — a tall tree to pick a mango. She (b) — mango and (c) — it to her mother. Although Mina had picked the mango, her mother (d)—the largest share of the fruit to Raju. Mina (e) — very disappointed. At dinner Mina (0 —that Raju as usual (g)—an egg but she (h) — not. Mithu was not pleased to see that. Mother (i)—to see if the children (j)— their hands before they started eating. Answer: 4. (a) climbed (b) picked (c) took (d) gave (e) felt (f) Noticed (g) got (h) did (i) wanted (j) had washed 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 Rina said to Karim, "How are you? I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?" "I went to the book fair." said Karim. "I had to maintain our school's stall." Answer: 5. Rima asked Karim how he was. She then said to Him that she had gone to his house the previous day, but had not found him. She again asked him where he had gone. Karim replied that he had gone to the book fair and added that he had to maintain their school's stall. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was a kind man. (Negative) (b) He did not marry. (Affirmative) (c) He loved the people cordially. (Passive) (d) He never thought of his own happiness. (Interrogative) (e) He led a very simple life. (Exclamatory) (f) He always helped the needy. (Complex) (g) He contributed much money for education to educate the poor students. (Complex) (h) Though he had a vast wealth, he didn't spend for his own. (Compound) (i) Who does not know his kindness? (Assertive) (j) He was one of the greatest kind men of the world. (Positive) Answer: 6.      (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsen was not an Unkind/ a cruel man. (b) He was unmarried. (c) The people were loved cordially by him. (d) Did he ever think of his own happiness? (e) What a simple life he led! (f) He always helped those who were needy. / It Is he who always helped the needy? (g) He contributed much money for education So that he could educate the poor students. (h) He had a vast wealth but he didn't spend for His own. (i) everybody knows his kindness. (j) Very few kind men in the world were so Great as he. . 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) Walk fast lest —. (b) It is high time—. (c) The man was so weak —. (d) A stitch in time—. (e) As he was meritorious, —. Answer: 7.     (a) Walk fast lest you should miss the class. (b) It is high time you practiced speaking English. (c) The man was so weak that he could not even Move. (d) A stitch in time saves nine. (e) As he was meritorious, he did well in the Quiz programmer. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Load shedding is not (a) — (desire). It is harmful to the (b) — (civil). It makes our life (c) — (tolerable) and boring. Because of (d) — (deficient) of electricity load-shedding. Our country is densely (e) — (people). The storage of electricity is (0— (sufficient) to provide electricity with all. As a result, Load shedding is seen (g)—(repeat). But this problem must be removed (h) — (immediate). So, the (i) — (govern) must be conscious of it. Only pragmatic steps can (j) — (move) this serious problem from the country. Answer: 8. (a) desirable (b) civilization (c) intolerable (d) Deficiency (e) populated (f)  insufficient (g) repeatedly (h) immediately (i) government (j) remove 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) There is little water in this pond, —? (b) Nobody respects a dishonest man, —? (c) Let's enjoy a picnic, —? (d) What a pity, —? (e) Don't disturb me, —?Answer: 9.     (a) there is little water in this pond, is there? (b) Nobody respects a dishonest man, do they? (c) Let's enjoy a picnic, shall we? (d) What a pity, isn't it? (e) Don't disturb me, will you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Many schools have a uniform (a) — there are arguments for and against. One argument is what to put on. (b) —pupils were allowed to wear clothes according to their own choice. (c) — some clothes may not be suitable for schools. (d) — some of the students cannot afford to buy it. (e) — wearing a school dress does not allow in every school. Answer: 10. (a) but/ though (b) Earlier (c) Besides (d) Even(c) However 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 do you know me yes i know you from my childhood whets your name my name is sumon thank you a lot said mr jamal. Answer: 11. "Do you know me?" "Yes, I know you from my Childhood." What's your name?" "My name is Summon." "Thank you a lot," said Mr. Jamal. Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Rana/Rina and you have a degree from Dhaka University. You have seen a vacancy ad for the post of an English Teacher in a famous school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.   8 13. Suppose, you are a student of Khulna Zilla School, Khulna. You need a computer club. Now, write an application to the Headmaster for setting up a computer club. 14. Write a paragraph on Your Visit to a Book Fair’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Your Aim in Life”. 12 Sylhet Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The issue of food (a) — has drawn the attention (b) — general people. We (c) — find any food in our country. (d) — is not adulterated in one way (e) — other. (f) — present, sub-standard foods are sold in most of (g) —hotels. Very recently government has directed a mobile court to look (h) — the matter of food. They are catching dishonest hoteliers red-handed (i)—using unhygienic ingredients (j)—are really harmful for human body. Answer: 1. (a) adulteration (b) of (c) hardly (d) which (e) or (f)  At (g) the (h) into (i) for (j) which 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 A true friend is (a) — asset. He stands (b) — his friends in time (c) — danger. He is not (d) — greedy person. He (e) — wishes for the welfare of (I) — friend. But it is a matter (g) — regret that a true friend is very (h) —today. A selfish man cannot be (i) — friend. He always thinks of his (j)— interest. Answer: 2. (a) an (b) by (c) of (d) a (e) always (I his (g) of (h) Rare (i) true (j) own 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Newspaper has a great educative value. (b) It shows the outside world like a mirror. (c) Man is curious by nature. (d) He wants to know various things of the World. (e) Newspaper is one of the best media to satisfy His curiosity 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 At present Bangladesh (a) — unemployment problem. This problem already (b) — an alarming dimension. The government (c) — to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) — without (e) — the unemployed skillful. So, education (1) — a must. It (g) — a man to get a job. Job does not mean (h) — official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) —oneself in economic activities. The government is giving financial help and training to the educated youths with a view to (j) — them self-reliant. Answer: 4. (a) is facing (b) has created (c) is trying (d) solved (e) Making (f) is (g) helps (h) doing (i) engaging (j) Making 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The stranger said to the boy, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes, sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. "I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. "Paradise Garden will be better for you," said the boy. Answer: 5. The stranger asked the boy if he (b) could tell Him (s) the way to the nearest hotel. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he (b) could tell him (s). Then the boy asked him (s) is he (s) wanted a residential one in which he (s) could spend the night. The stranger replied that he (s) did not want to stay there but he (s) only wanted a meal. The boy then told him that Paradise Garden would be better for him (s). 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a)    Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive) (b)   A corrupted man can do anything against morality. (Complex) (c)    People hate a corrupted man. (Passive) (d)   Nobody respects him. (Interrogative) (e)    The man who takes bribe is next to devil. (Simple) (f)    Though we have strict law, we are still affected by this evil. (Compound) (g)   No other person is as hated as a corrupted man. (Superlative) (h)   We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple) (i)     Everybody avoids a corrupted man. (Negative) (j)     A corrupted man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.      (a) Very few evils are as bad as corruption. (b) A man who is corrupted can do anything Against morality. / A corrupted man can do Anything which goes against morality. (c) A corrupted man is hated by people. (d) Who respects him? /Does anybody respect Him? (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil. (f) We have strict law but we are still affected By this evil. (g) A corrupted man is the most hated person. (h) We hope Bangladesh to be free from this Evil. (i) "There is nobody but avoids a corrupted Man. (j) What an unhappy life a corrupted man Leads! 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a)  Acid rain is harmful because—. (b)  The wind was so strong that —. (c)  Had he been a little careful —. (d)  They were frightened when—. (e)  Take your umbrella lest—. Answer: 7.     (a) Acid rain is harmful because it contains Harmful substances. (b) The wind was so strong that it had blown Away many houses and uprooted many Trees. (c) Had he been a little careful, he would not Have met the accident. (d) They were frightened when they saw the Bear coming. (e) Take your umbrella lest you should be Drenched in rain. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Those who lead a (a) — (luxury) life are always (b) — (different) to the miseries of the poor. They Page no: enjoy life in (c) — (amuse) and (d) — (merry). They are (e) — (centered) people. They have little (0— (realize) of the (g) — (bounded) suffering so the poor. They remain in different to their (h) — (suffer). They feel (i) — (comfort) to work for their (j) — (better). Answer: 8. (a) luxurious (b) indifferent (c) amusement (d) Merriment (e) self-centered in realization (g) unbounded (h) sufferings (i) uncomfortable/Discomfort (j) betterment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Telling lies is a great sin, —? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, —? (c) None believes a liar, —? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, —? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.        (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) None believes a liar, do they? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn’t we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Honesty is a divine virtue. The man (a) — possesses this quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness. (b)— nobody trusts a liar. (c) —, Allah helps the honest people. (d) — children should be taught honesty from the very beginning of life. (e) — they should be taught discipline too. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) Because (c) Even (d) So (e) Moreover 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 who are jolly those who have sound health are jolly sound mind lies in sound body minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure Answer: 11. Who are jolly? Those who have sound health are Jolly. Sound mind lies in sound body. Minds become jolly when our life is filled Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Farhan/Farhana. Your home district is Kurigram. You have recently passed SSC from Dinajpur Board. You have found a job advertisement in a national newspaper that there is a vacancy post for the position of a salesman in a manufacturing company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.   8 13. Suppose, you are Samir/Samira. You read in Jhalakathi Govt. High School. The students of your class want to go on a study tour. So you need permission of the Head teacher. Now, write an application to the Head teacher of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph on ‘The Life of a Farmer’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in Everyday Life”. 12 Barishal Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The sea-beach of Cox's Bazar is a (a) — gift of nature. The blue water of the sea and its (b) — waves are always a pleasant (c) — which cools our mind (d) - a moment. It is the (e) — sea-beach in the world. (f) — Saint Martin's Island is also a gift of nature in the Bay of Bengal. The beauty of the island is simply (g) The Sundarbans, the largest (h) — forest of the world is another beautiful gift of nature. Its (i) — life and mysterious setting make it more (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) Bewitching (b) rising (c) sight (d) within (e) Longest (f) the (g) charming (h) mangrove (i) wild (j) beautiful 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Now-a-days, the young farmers of our country are showing interest to (a)— foreign vegetables. They with their innovative power, have added new dimensions (b) — the country's agricultural sector. Karim Ullah is such a (c) —. Five years ago, he started his farm with a (d) — and challenge. Now, he owns a (e) — farm where he cultivates curry leaves, lemon grass, broccoli and other (f)—vegetables. The cultivation of foreign crops (g) — our country is very inspiring for both (h) — farmers and the customers as it brings diversity in own regular (i) —­and nutrition. It is also possible to (j) — vegetables by ensuring quality production and packaging. Answer: 2. (a) Cultivate (b) to (c) farmer (d) dream (e) Vegetable (f) foreign (g) in (h) the (i) food (j) produce 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Child labor is the worst form of violation of Human rights. (b) It means to engage a child in physical or Mental labor. (c) Child laborers are exploited and ill-treated. (d) Child laborers are deprived of the basic Human rights. (e) The Government should ensure the Rehabilitation of those children. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) — a man to shed the last drop of blood to (b) — the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) — not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) — by ‘all. He always (e) — for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f) — only for their won interest. Those who (g) — for the country are true patriots. They (h) — even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) — their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) — forever. Answer: 4. (a) emerged (b) been (c) is (d) brought (e) are Confined (f) find (g) gives (h) work (i) are (j) earning 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 Rifat said to Munir, "You didn't attend my birthday party." "Extremely sorry, friend," Munir replied, "I had to go to my uncle's house in Dhaka. How was the program?" "Let me show you the photographs," said Rifat. Answer: 5. RI sat said to Miner that he (M) hadn't attended His (R) birthday party. Addressing him (R) as friend Miner replied that he (M) was extremely sorry. He (M) added that he (M) had to go to his (M) uncle's house in Dhaka. He (M) then asked Rift how the programmer was. Rift proposed to Let him (R) show him (M) the photographs. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Internet is a computer-based networking system. (Interrogative) (b) It is a speedy transmitting system of information. (Complex) (c) Its functions are smooth and rapid. (Negative) (d) A man has an internet connection and gets a link soon according to his expectation. (Simple) (e) Many educational institutions are greatly benefited through the use of internet. (Complex) (f) A student can visit all the renowned libraries of the world without going there. (Passive) (g) It plays an effective role in the field of the trade and commerce. (Exclamatory) (h) E-commerce has become one of the most popular topics to the customers. (Positive) (i) It helps the customers to buy or choose anything without going to market. (Compound) (j) What an amazing milestone it is in the modem world of communication! (Assertive) Answer: 6.      (a) isn’t internet a computer-based networking System? (b) It is a transmitting system of information Which is speedy. c) Its functions are not (d) A mewing an internet connection Link soon according to (e) Many extensional money Benefited because they use tempt, (f) All the renowned worries of the world can be visited by student Student with in the (g) What an effective role plays in the fie Trade and commerce (h) Very few topics have become so popular to The customers as E-commerce, (i) it helps the customers and the Customers/ they can buy or choose anything Without going to market, 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a)There is a proverb that —. (b) — know this wise saying? (c)Unless you have a good health, —. (d)You may have a lot of wealth but —. (e)It is high time, —. Answer: 7.     (a) there is a proverb that health is wealth. (b) Who doesn't/ do you know this wise saying. (c) Unless you have good health, you cannot Live your life well. (d) You may have a lot of wealth but if you are not healthy, your wealth is useless. (e) It is high time you started to take care of your health 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Life without leisure and (a)— (relax) is dull. Nobody can work without rest. Life becomes (b)—(charm) if one doesn't have any time to enjoy (c) —(beauty) objects of nature. Work becomes (d) — (monotony) if there is no break in it. It hinders the (e) — (smooth) of life. Leisure (1) — (new) our spirit to work. Everybody knows that (g)— (work) is (h)—(harm). Leisure doesn't mean (i)— (idle). It gives (j) —(fresh) to our mind. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) renews (g) overwork (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) Refreshment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) To tell a lie is a great sin. Sinners suffer in the long run, —? (b) Flowers are the symbol of beauty and purity. Nobody dislikes flowers, —? (c) I want to meet her. She hardly comes here, —? (d) Vitamins are essential for our health. So we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, —? (e) Truthfulness is a great virtue. So, don't tell a lie, —? Answer: 9.     (a) Sinners suffer in the long run, don't the? (b) Nobody dislikes flowers, do the ? (c) She hardly comes here, does she? (d) So, we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, Mustn’t we? (e) So, don't tell a lie, will you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Climate change means the changes in climate. (a) —, climate on earth is constantly changing. (b) — climate change, the weather pattern in any specific region on earth (c) — across the whole earth is changing. Human activities are greatly responsible for it. We are cutting down trees for habitation and agricultural purpose. (d) use of chemicals in industries causes serious harm to the ozone layer. (e) —, there is a rapid increase in temperature causing greenhouse effect. Answer: 10. (a) However (b) Because of c) or (d) Moreover (e) As a result 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 don't you have any relative here to stay with no sir so i need a transfer certificate to be admitted there Answer: 11. "Don't you have any relative here to stay with? "No, sir. So, I need a transfer certificate to be admitted there." Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are HabibfHabiba and you have recently completed your HSC Examination. The Computer Zone Ltd. has published a vacancy advertisement in "The Daily Star" for the post of Junior Sales Officer. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the above-mentioned post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 8 13. Imagine, you are Sadi/Sadika, a student of Sayedpur Model High School, Sayedpur. The students of your class want to go on a study tour in a historical place. Now, write an application to the Headmaster on behalf of your class, seeking permission for arranging a study tour.10 14. Our farmers play an important role in our agro-based society. They work from dawn to dusk in order to produce crops. Now, write a paragraph on "The life of a farmer". 10 15. Write a composition on “Importance of trees in our life”. 12

Dhaka Board-2015 ENGLISH(COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER [ According to the Syllabus of 2015] Time-3 hours Full marks-100 [N.B.-The Figures in the matgin indicate full marks] Part A : Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once.                                   0.5x10=5 It is useful (a) ---- students to take part (b) ---- social service. (c) ---- taking part (d) ---- social service, they can benefit themselves as well as (e) ---- nation. Student life is (f) ---- period of (g) ---- for future life. If the students do sicial (h) ---- , they will be better prepared for giving service (i) ---- the nation on completion of their education. As the students have no family burden and as they get enough time during the large vacation, they can do (j) ---- great deal of work for the people. Ans: (a) for  (b) in (c) By (d) in (e) the (f) the (g) preparation (h) work (i) to (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.                                                          0.5x10=5 Scientists have (a) ---- reported that the surface icecaps are (b) ---- . This is due to a rise (c) ---- atmospheric temperature known (d) ---- the green house effect. According to the scientists, carbon di-oxaide is primarily responsible (e) ---- temperature rise in (f) ---- . The carbon di-oxide is high (g) ---- coal and oil (h) ---- burnt. The gass is accumulating in the atmosphere and (i) ---- temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice in the North and south poles (j) -----  melting. Ans: (a) recently (b) melting (c) in (d) as (e) for (f) atmosphere (g) when (h) are (i) helping (j) is 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below.    1x5=5 Ans: a) Education is the process by which our minds develop. b) It ennobles our minds and refines our sensibility. c) It is the training for proper growth. d) Nobody can prosper in life without education. e) The purpose of education is the liberation of prejudice. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box.             0.5x10=5 Today women are placing an important role in all spheres of life. Once they were (a) ---- by men. They are no longer (b) ---- within the four walls of their parents’ or husbands’ house. They have (c) ---- out of the kitchen and are (d) ---- hand in hand with men. By (e) ---- higher education, they are becoming pilots, doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) ---- able to rpove their worth. They (g) ---- much to the ceonomy of the country. Now, it (h) ---- to the realization of the men that true development of the country is never possible (i) ---- half of the population idle at home. So, it (j) ---- no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of the country. Ans: (a) dominated (b) confined (c) come (d) working (e) taking (f) been (g) are contributing (h) has come (i) by keeping (j) needs. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.                                                          5 “Good morning, students,” said the teacher. “How are you?” “We are fine, sir. What about you?” “I am fine too. Please, sit down.” “Have you prepared your lesson?” the teacher asked. “Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson,” they replied. Ans ; The teacher wished the students good morning. He also asked how they were. The students respectfully replied that they were fine. They also asked how he was. The teacher replied that he was fine too and ordered them to sit down. He also asked if they had prepared their lesson. The students respectfully expressed their sorrow and said that they had not prepared their lesson. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions.                                             1x10=10 (a) Television is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. (Positive) (b) It was not invented over night. (Active) (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard to invent television. (complex) (d) Nowadays, almost every family has a television set. (Negative) (e) People of all ages like to watch television. (Interrogative) (f) The programmes telecast by television are very interesting. ( Complex) (g) Television should telecast educative programmes. (Passive) (h) If you watch television, you can learn many things. (simple) (i) People spend their free time by watching television. (Compound) (j) Very few things are so useful as television. ( Superlative) Ans; (a) Very few inventions of modern science are as wonderful as television. (b) Scientist did not invent it over night. (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard so that they could invent television. (d) Nowadays, there is no family without a television set. (e) Don’t the people of all ages like to watch television? (f) The programmes which are telecast by television are very interesting. (g) Educative programmes should be telecast by television. (h) By watching television you can learn many things. (i) People watch television and spend their free time. (j) Television is one of the most useful things. 7. Complete the sentences.                                                                                    1x5=5 (a) Many people cut trees ----- . (b) Trees cause rainfall which ---- . (c) If we cut trees at random ----- . (d) Trees supply oxygen ----- . (e) Since trees help us in many ways ------. Ans ; (a) Many people cut trees to get timbers. (b) Trees cause rain fall which is essential for our agriculture. (c) If we cut trees at random, it will make the environment unbalanced. (d) Trees supply oxygen which is essential for our lives. (e) Since trees help us in many ways, we should not cut down trees at random. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis.                                                                                                                  0.5x10=5 The books of famous (a) ---- ( write) are put on sale in the book fair. Most of the (b) ---- (visit) buy books of different (c) ---- (publish) . Almost no visitor returns from the fair without making any purchase. The (d) ---- (buy) like to buy at a fair price. Our book fair is always (e) ---- (crowd) . As (f) ---- (vary) books are (g) ---- (play) in a fair, the buyers get a scope to choose books. They buy their (h) ---- (choose) books after a long search. This faculty is (i) ---- (available) in any place other than a book fair. A book fair is always (j) ---- (come) to the students. Ans : (a) writers (b) visitors (c) publishers (d) buyers (e) crowded (f) various (g) displayed (h) choice-able (i) unavailable (j) welcome 9. Make tag questions of these statements.                                                                      1x5=5 (a) Most of the students who fail in English don’t have strong foundation over grammar, ---- ? (b) They read only to pass the examination, ---- ? (c) Teachers should motivate them to learn the basic thing ---- ? (d) They can’t help learning grammar, ---- ? (e) Moreover, practice is essential too ---- ? Ans ; (a) do they ?(b) don’t they ? (c) shouldn’t they ? (d) can they ? (e) isn’t it? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors.                                             0.5x10=5 The foods that we eat can be divided into six kinds (a) ---- what substances they contain and (b) ---- benefits they do to us. Fish, meat, peas and milk provide us with protein (c) ---- builds our body and helps us grow. (d) ---- we do not take all these, we cannot grow well. Vitamins and mineral salts protect us from diseases (e) ---- keep us fit for work. Ans ; (a) according to (b) what (c) which (d) If (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.                     5 the man said to me where are you going i am going to school said i did you go to school yesterday no i replied why didn't you go i was very busy said i Ans ; The man said to me, “Where are you going?” “I am going to school,” said I. “Did you go to school yesterday?” “No” i replied. “Why didn't you go?” “I was very busy,” said I. Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Taskia/Toukir and you have passed H.S.C and got a diploma on computer. Now, write a CV with cover letter for the post of a Computer Operator in a company. Your CV should not exceed one page.                                                                         10 13. Suppose, you are Priom/Pritha/Tihan, a student of class ten of Faridpur Model High School, Faridpur. You and your classmates want to go on a study tour. Now, write an application to the headmaster of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour.                                                                                                                                                   10 14. Suppose, recently you have had a cup of tea with some of your friends in a tea stall. Now, write a paragraph on ‘A Tea Stall’.                                                                                                10 15. Write a composition on ‘Your future plan of life’.                                                                 10 Chittagong Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. A teacher is (a) ---- compared with (b) ---- architect. He is called (c) ----- architect of a nation. He is the light of (d) ---- and makes the illiterate people  (e) ---- citizens of our country. But it is a matter of regret (f) ---- the teachers are not held (g) ---- due respect in (h) ---- society. They lead a humble life in the midst of want. Still they keep the light of education burning in order to remove the (i) ---- of illiteracy and superstitions (j) ---- the society. Ans ; (a) often (b) an (c) the (d) learning (e) worthy (f) that (g) in (h) our (i) darkness (j) from 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Bangladesh is a land of (a) ---- . It got (b) ---- in 1971 (c) ----- a liberation war. It is located (d) ---- South Asia. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh . Dhaka is also known as the city of mosque. About 14 crore people live here. Most of them are poor and (e) ---- . They earn their livelihood (f) ---- agriculture. But educated and skilled people work (g) ---- offices and factories. Our main food is rice and fish. It is a country of beauty. Its flora and fauna attract everyone’s eyes. It is in fact (h) ---- large village. The people of Bangladesh are very (i) ---- . There are many beautiful things here that attract the travellers and the (j) ---- . Ans ; (a) beauty (b) independence (c) through (d) in (e) illiterate (f) by/through (g) in (h) a (i) hospitable (j) foreigners/tourists. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Ans ; (a) Dhaka is the the capital of Bangladesh.(b) It is not only a populous city but also a city of traffic jam.(c) A flyover is built in Mohakhali to reduce traffic jam.(d) Traffic rules must be implemented.(e) Besides, the drivers, passers by and passengers should abide by the traffic rules. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. Today women (a) ---- an important role in all spheres of life. They no longer , (b) ---- to the four walls of their husband’s house. They have come out of their kitchens and (c) ---- hand in hand with men in all the development works of the government. By (d) ---- higher education they (e) ---- pilots, doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) ---- able to prove their worth. They (g) ---- much to the economy of the country. Now it has (h) ---- to the realization of the men that true development of the country is never possible (i) ---- half of the population idle at home. So, it (j) ---- no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of the country. Ans: (a) are playing (b) are confined (c) are working (d) receiving (e) are becoming (f) been (g) are contributing (h) come (i) keeping (j) needs 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shahab. “No, I have never,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Shabab. “Let us go there this week,” said Labib. Ans ; Shabab asked Labib if he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never been there. But he added that he desired for visiting the place. Shabab said that he had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year. Labib suggested that they should go there that week. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (complex)(b) I was very glad. (negative)(c) I accepted the invitation. (Passive)(d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (simple)(e) I was exited to see the sea-beach. (Exlamatory)(f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (Comparative)(g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world. (Positive)(h) It is called the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active)(i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Compound)(j) If I could visit the sea-beach! (active) Ans ; (a) My friend invited me so that I could pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar.(b) Wasn't I very glad?(c) The invitation was accepted by me.(d) My friend received me cordially after my reaching there.(e) How excited I was to see the sea-beach!(f) It is larger than any other sea-beach in the world.(g) Very few sea-beaches in the world are as beautiful as it.(h) People call it the pleasure seekers’ paradise.(i) Every year a lot of people come and visit it.(j) I wish i could visit the sea-beach. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) As a flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is -----(b) There is hardly any person ----(c) We can turn enemies into friends if we ----(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers ----(e) Many people cultivate flowers because ---- Ans ;  (a) As a flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is liked by all.(b) There is hardly any person who does not love flowers.(c) We can turn enemies into friends if we present flowers to them.(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers can kill a man.(e) Many people cultivate flowers because it is a source of income too. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Bangladesh is an (a) ---- dependent country, but she is still burdened with poverty, (b) ---- population, (c) ---- employ, corruption, food (d) ---- deficient, natural calamities, power crisis etc. Considering all these. the present (e) ---- govern has aimed at making a digital Bangladesh to (f) ---- come most of these problems. The actual aim of (g) ---- digit Bangladesh is to establish technology based government which will emphasize the overall (h) ---- develop of the country and the nation. The country has (i) ---- ready fixed its target of (j) ---- achieve ‘Digital Bangladesh’ by 2021. Ans ; (a) independent (b) overpopulation (c) unemployment (d) deficiency (e) government (f) overcome (g) digital (h) development (i) already (j) achieving 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, ---- ?(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, ---?(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, ---- ?(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, ---- ?(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, ---- ? Ans ; (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, isn’t ?(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, hasn’t?(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, didn’t he ?(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, doesn’t she?(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. Women are, nowadays as important as men in the society. They constitute nearly half of our total population. (a) ---- there can be no denying the fact (b) ---- they too possess equal rights and duties (e) ---- men do. They have noble mission to fulfill as men. (d) --- they get opportunity, their genius, powers (e) ---- capacities will bloom fully. Ans ; (a) So (b) that (c) as (d) If (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. bangladesh is a small country with a population of about sixteen crores she can hardly make headway so we should work hard to keep pace with the rest of the world Ans ; Bangladesh is a small country with a population of about sixteen crores. She can hardly make headway. So we should work hard to keep pace with the rest of the world. Part B : Composition 12. Suppose some English teachers will be appointed in Ideal Preparatory School, Dhaka. You are interested to be an English Teacher. Now, make a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Hasan/Hasna, a student of Sonapur High School. Your father is a poor government employee. You have three school going brothers and sisters. Your father cannot bear your educational expenses. Now, write an application to the headmaster/headmistress of your school for a full-free studentship. 14. Suppose, a farmer lives nearby your house. You know a lot about him. Write a paragraph in about 250 words on ‘A Farmer’. 15. There are many kinds of hobbies. Gardening, drawing picture, angling, stamp collecting are some of them. You have a hobby and it is gardening. Now, write a short composition on ‘Your Hobby’ describing why it is your favourite hobby Rajshahi Board-2015 Part A: Grammar(60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Youth is (a) ---- best time of (b) ---- . This is the time (c) ---- it is most important (d) ----- one to remember the maxim, “As you (e) ----, so shall you reap.” One must sow (f) ---- seeds of industry, truthfulness, honesty and other virtues (g) ---- this season to (h) ---- the harvest of prosperity and happiness. Whatever takes root in (i) ---- man at this time lasts throughout the rest (j) ---- his life and moulds his future. Answer; (a) the; (b) life; (c) when; (d) for; (e) sow; (f) the; (g) in; (h) reap; (i) a; (j) of; 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Modern civilization is the (a) ---- of science. Science has worked (b) ---- a magician in the world. We can’t do even a (c) ---- day without the help of science. Many quick means (d) ---- communication like telephone, telex, fax, telegram, satellite etc. are (e) ---- greatest wonders of science. Nowadays a message can be sent from one corner of the world to another in the twinkle of (f) ---- eye. Science has brought a revolutionary (g) ---- in all fields. In the field of medical science (h) ---- has got eyes, lame has got legs, deaf has got hearing power. (i) ---- diseases which were incurable in the past are now easily (j) ---- . Answer: (a) gift/product; (b) as; (c) single; (d) of; (e) the; (f) an; (g) change; (h) blind; (i) The; (j) cured/curable. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) The Taj is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. (b) It stands at Agra in India. (c) Emperor Shahajahan built it as tomb for his wife. (d) People like it on a moonlit night. (e) Everybody wants to see the Taj Mahal. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. According to the history, women in the past were (a) ---- within the four walls. But at present they (b) ---- no longer captive to their parents’ or husbands’ house. With the passage of time the outlook and attitude have been (c) ---- as men and women are (d) ---- themselves with the changing society. By (e) ---- education they are (f) ---- pilots, doctors, engineerss, high officials etc. They are (g) ---- hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They (h) ---- now able to prove their worth. They (i) ---- much to the economy of the country. Now it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ---- half of our population idle at home. Answer: (a) confined; (b) are; (c) developed; (d) adapting; (e) receiving; (f) becoming; (g) working; (h) are; (i) contribute/are contributing; (j) keeping. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. “Konika, have you done your English lesson today?” asked the teacher. “Yes, sir” she replied. “But I have not understood one gramatical point.” The teacher assured her saying, “Come to my room, I will help you understand the point.” “Thank you, sir.” she smilingly said. Answer: The teacher asked Konika if she had done her English lesson that day.She replied in the affirmative and said that she had not understood one gramatical point. The teacher advised her to come to his room. He also assured her saying that she wouid help her understand the point. With respect she smilingly thanked him. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) A flower is a glowing gift of nature.(Interrogative) (b) Isn’t it the symbol of love and beauty?(Affirmative) (c) Flowers are used on different occasions.(Active) (d) We present flower to our nearest and dearest person.(Passive) (e) We need flowers to decorate a place.(Complex) (f) The rose is the best of all flowers.(Positive) (g) Having sweet scent and beauty we love it very much.(Compound) (h) It is lovelier than all other flowers.(Superlative) (i) The rose is a very nice flower.(Exclamatory) (j) As the demand for flowers is increasing day by day we should cultivate flower on commercial basis.(Simple) Answer: (a) Isn’t a flower a glowing gift of nature? (b) It is the symbol of love and beauty. (c) People use flowers on different occasions. (d) Flower is presented to our nearest and dearest persons by us. (e) We need flowers so that we can decorate a place. (f) No other flower is as good as the rose. (g) A flower has sweet scent and beauty and we love it very much. (h) It is loveliest of all flowers. (i) How nice a flower the rose is! (j) Because of increasing the demand for flowers day by day, we should cultivate flowers on commercial basis. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) If you do not waste time --------- (b) This is the boy -------- (c) ------- I were a child. (d) United we stand, ------- (e) The boy is so weak in mathematics ------ . Answer: (a) If you do not waste time, you will shine in life. (b) This is the boy whom I was looking for. (c) I wish I were a child. (d) United we stand, devided we fall. (e) The boy is so weak in mathematics that he canno solve a simple problem. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Money cannot buy (a) ---- (happy). Money is a must for our life. But it is not necessary to bring happiness. Happiness is (b) ----- (absolute) a (c) ---- (psychology) thing. It is the name of a (d) ---- (feel). It means the (e) ---- (content) of the mind. He who has (f) ---- (satisfy) with what he has is (g) ---- (real) a happy one. Above all, we should keep in mind that (h) ---- (world) happiness is not all. If we want to be (i) ---- (eternal) happy and lead a (j) ---- (dignify) life, we have to earn money in an honest way. Answer: (a) happiness; (b) absolutely; (c) psychological; (d) feeling; (e) contentment; (f) satisfaction; (g) really; (h) worldly; (i) eternally; (j) dignified. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Nobody believes a cheat, ---- ? (b) Everybody hates him, ---- ? (c) He has to drag a miserable life, ---- ? (d) He can hardly succeed in life, ---- ? (e) Let us always speak the truth, ---- ? Answer: (a) Nobody believes a cheat, do they? (b) Everybody hates him, don’t they? (c) He has to drag a miserable life, doesn’t he? (d) He can hardly succeed in life, can he? (e) Let us always speak the truth, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. (a) ---- , there are some differences between practical konowlege and bookish knowledge. (b) ---- often they are thought to be the same. (c) ---- a man is educated in the true sense, he will be able to lead a life completely different from others. (d) ---- he can distinguish between right and wrong, (e) ---- education is very important. Answer: (a) Obviously/actually; (b) very; (c) If; (d) Besides; (e) So; 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. the teacher said to the boy where are you going now i am going to school said the boy did you go to school yesterday no the boy replied why did you not go i was suffering from fever said the boy Answer: The teacher said to the boy, “Where are you going now?” “I am going to school,” said the boy. “Did you go to school yesterday?” “No”, the boy replied.  “Why did you not go?” “I was suffering from fever,” said the boy. Part B : Composition(40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Shimul/Shimuli and you are looking for a job. You want to apply for a job of a teacher in school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 13. Suppose, you are Habib/Habiba. You have passed the SSC examination this year from Collegiate High School, Barisal. You want to get yourself admitted into a college. So you need a testimonial from your Headmaster. Now, write an application to the Headmaster to your school for testimonial. 14. All the living beings depends on trees for their existence. So we should plant trees more and more. Now, write a paragraph on “Tree Plantation.” 15. You are a student of class ten. You have an aim in your life. Now, write a composition on “Your aim in life”. Borisal Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. A flower a (a) ---- gift of nature. It is a (b) ---- of beauty. It (c) ----- us pleasure. There is nobody (d) ----- loves flower. But it is (e) ---- matter of sorrow that a flower does not (f) ---- long. It blooms (g) ---- the morning and fades away very soon. Nowadays flowers (h) ---- cultivated in our country. Many people earn their livelihood (i) ---- flower (j) ----. Answer: (a) the; (b) symbol; (c) gives; (d) but; (e) a; (f) last; (g) in; (h) are; (i) by; (j) cultivation. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. We live in an age of (a) ----. We can see (b) ---- influence of science in all spheres of our daily life. Science is a constant (c) ---- of our daily life. We have (d) ---- the impossible things possible by means (e) ---- science. The modern civilization is a (f) ---- of science. At present we can (g) ---- travel from one place to another. (h) ---- ancient time journey was difficult. (i) ---- had to spend much (j) ---- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the greater welfare of mankind. Answer: (a) science; (b) the; (c) companion; (d) made; (e) of; (f) gift; (g) easily; (h) In; (i) People; (j) time. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) Bangladesh is an over populated land. (b) Population problem is a great problem in Bangladesh. (c) Population problem creates other problems like poverty, disease, illiteracy etc. (d) There are some causes behind overpopulation in Bangladesh. (e) The government should take proper steps to control the growth of population as soon as possible. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. Traffic jam (a) ---- a common affair in the big cities of our country. This problem (b) ---- the ultimate consequences of rapid growth of population and the number of vehicles. Most often this problem (c) ---- in the congested areas where the roads are very narrow. Overtaking tendency also (d) ---- traffic jam. Some drivers (e) ---- the traffic rules. They (f) ---- the vehicles carelessly. Traffic jam (g) ---- great sufferings to the ambulances (h) ---- patients. Office goers and school going children also (i) ---- a lot due to traffic jam. However, this problem (j) ---- to an extent by imposing traffic rules strictly. Answer: (a) is; (b) is; (c) occurs; (d) causes; (e) do not obey; (f) drive; (g) causes; (h) carrying; (i) suffer; (j) should be solved. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. The teacher said to the girl, “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” The girl said, “Yes, sir, I think so.” “Then learn to be honest from your childhood,” said the teacher. “Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “May Allah bless you,” said the teacher. Answer: The teacher asked the girl if she thought that honesty is the best policy. The girl respectfully replied in the affirmative that she thought so. Then the teacher advised her to learn to be honest from her childhood. The girl respectfully thanked him. The teacher prayed that Allah might bless him. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was not an unkind man at all.(Affirmative) (b) He inherited vast proerty from his father and sister.(Interrogative) (c) He was unmarried.(Negative) (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor.(Complex) (e) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.(Simple) (f) Seeing Muhsin the thief cried.(compound) (g) The thief was caught.((Active) (h) How needy the thief was!(Assertive) (i) He gave the thief some food and money.(Passive) (j) Muhsin was one of the best philanthropists in the world.(Positive) Answer: (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind man. (b) Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister? (c) He was not married. (d) As long as he was alive, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (e) One night at the time of saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (f) The thief saw Muhsin and cried. (g) He caught the thief. (h) The thief was very needy. (i) The thief was given food and money by him. (j) Very few philanthropists in the world were as good as Muhsin. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) We must work hard in order that -----. (b) A man who ---- cannot shine in life. (c) It is hard labour that ---- (d) The idle cannot reach their target because ---- (e) ---- unless you work hard. Answer: (a) We must work hard in order that we can prosper in life. (b) A man who is idle cannot shine in life. (c) It is hard labour that enables a man to reach his goal. (d) The idle cannot reach their target because they cannot finish their work in time. (e) You cannot succeed in life unless you work hard. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Honesty is opposite to (a) honest. An honest man is not (b) harm to anybody. He never does (c) just to others. When he does anything (d) moral, he feels (e) comfortable. He never tells a lie. He is always (f) response to his duty. We should follow the path of (g) honest and leave the path of (h) honesty. In that case, you will be (i) love by all and will be able to reach the path of (j) prosper. Answer: (a) dishonesty; (b) harmful; (c) injustice; (d) immoral; (e)uncomfortable; (f) responsible; (g) honesty; (h) dishonesty; (i) loved; (j) prosperity. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Nuclear has some advantage, ----- ? (b) There are only a few family members, ---- ? (c) It is calm and quiet, ---- ? (d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, ----? (e) One need not think of others, ----? Answer: (a) Nuclear has some advantage, hasn’t it? (b) There are only a few family members, aren’t there ? (c) It is calm and quiet, isn’t it ? (d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, can’t they ? (e) One need not think of others, need they ? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. A healthy man can do any work, (a) ---- he can eat anyfood he likes. (b) ----, he can enjoy life in every way. (c) ---- an unhealthy man is unhappy, for he cannot eat and do what he likes. (d) ---- he lives and dies poor. He may have intelligence, merit, learning and power, but he cannot put them to the use and reap their benefits. (e) ---- health is the source of all happiness in life. Answer: (a) because; (b) Besides; (c) On the other hand/But; (d) So; (e) Therefore; 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. once my mother said to me who came to you my friend rafiq mom she asked what did he want i said his mother is ill he needs some money i have given him five hundred taka my mother said wonderful Answer: Once my mother said to me, “Who came to you?” “My friend, Rafiq, Mom.” She asked, “What did he want?” I said, “His mother is ill. He needs some money. I have given him five hundred taka.” My mother said, “Wonderful!” Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Nader Mahmud/Nadera Parvin and after graduation you have completed a course on computer. You have seen a vacancy advertisement for the post of a computer operator in a recognized private company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Mithu/Mita of Shovagonj High School, Rangpur. There is a common room in your school but facilities are not sufficient there. Now, write an application to the Headmaster for increasing common room facilities. 14. Write a paragraph about “Tree Plantation” by answering the following questions. (a) What is tree plantation? (b) How are trees are our friends? (c) How do trees maintain ecological balance? (d) What may happen in absence of trees? (e) What should be our final attitude towards trees? 15. A journey is always pleasant to all. Suppose, you have recently made a journey by train. Now, write a composition on “A Journey by Train” narrating how much you have enjoyed the journey. Sylhet Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Time is very (a) ---- thing. Time(b) ---- is lost once is lost for ever. There is (c) ----- proverb, “Time and tide wait for none.” It is time which does not (d) ---- the relative feelings. It does not wait  (e) ---- anyone if it is not used (f) ---- . It is really essential to realize (g) ---- importance of time in our life. Those who have become (h) ---- would make proper use of time. They never put (i) ---- their work for tomorrow. That’s why, they have contributed (j) ---- lot to the society. Answer: (a) precious; (b) which; (c) a; (d) have; (e) for; (f) wisely; (g) the; (h) great; (i) off; (j) a. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Once there lived (a) ---- poor man. He could hardly maintain his family (b) ---- he did not have any land (c) ---- cultivation. One day he bought (d) ---- wonderful goose. The goose laid a (e) ---- egg everyday. In a few months he became rich. But he was a (f) ---- greedy man. He thought that there (g) ---- more eggs in the belly of the goose. He wanted to get all the eggs (h) ---- a time. So one day, he killed the goose and cut its belly open with (i) ---- knife. But alas! there was no egg. Thus the greedy farmer (j) ---- the useful goose. Answer: (a) a; (b) because/as; (c) for; (d) a; (e) golden; (f) very; (g) were; (h) at; (i) a; (j) lost. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) Self-confidence is one of the invaluable(it should be valuable) human qualities. (b) It helps a man to reach the goal of life. (c) The lack of determination leads one to lose his self-confidence. (d) Success without self-confidence is not enjoyable. (e) One should exercise it in order to overcome the problems of life. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You must have (a) ---- the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. He (b) ---- our national poet. He (c) ---- as a rebel poet as well. But he (d) ----  in a poor family. But dire needs could not (e) ---- his personality. When the first World War Broke out, he (f) ---- the army. After the war, he (g) ---- to write poems. He wrote especially for the down trodden. He (h) ---- the Shelly of Bangla Literature. His poems and songs (i) ---- the Banglee in Liberation War. So we should (j) ---- his footprints in our life. Answer: (a) heard; (b) is; (c) is known; (d) was born; (e) engulf; (f) joined; (g) began; (h) is called; (i) inspired; (j) follow. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. The girl said to the teacher, “Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday.” The teacher said, “I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that you like.” “Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “You are welcome,” said the teacher. Answer: The girl respectfully told the teacher that she should be grateful if he kindly lend her the book he had praised highly in the classroom the previous day. The teacher told that he had become really happy to know that she was eager to read that book. He added that she was welcome to any of his books that she liked. The girl respectfully thanked her teacher. The teacher welcomed the girl 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) The students studying regularly can expect a good result.(Make it a complex sentence) (b) But most of our students are inattentive to their studies.(Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning) (c) They waste their valuable time idly.(Use passive voice) (d) Wasting time is harmful for them.(Make it an interrogative sentence) (e) By repeating this activity they make a poor result.(Make it a complex sentence) (f) Who loves them then?(Make it a assertive sentence without changing the original meaning) (g) They are treated badly even by their family members.(Use active voice) (h) If a student fails in the examination, he suffers from inferiority complex.(Make simple sentence) (i) No other student in the class is as bad as a failed student.(Use superlative) (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively so that he can do well in the examination.(Make it a simple sentence) Answer: (a) The students who are studying regularly can expect a good result. (b) But most of our students are not attentive to their studies. (c) Their valuable time is wasted idly by them. (d) Isn’t wasting time harmful for them? (e) By repeating this activity they make a result which is poor. (f) Nobody loves them then. (g)  Even their family members treat them badly. (h)  A student failing in the examination suffers from inferiority complex. (i) A failed student is the worst of all students in the class. (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively to do well in the examination. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, -----. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, ------. (c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, -----. (d) On the way to school I walked fast lest ----. (e) If I reached late, ----. Answer: (a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, I felt a little bit fever. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, I found that it was late. (c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, I started to walk to school. (d) On the way to school I walked fast lest I should miss the first class. (e) If I reached late, I would be fined. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. King Solomon was (a) ---- (fame) for his (b) ---- (wise). He was blessed with (c) ---- (ordinary) knowledge and it was really beyond people’s (d) ---- (imagine). One day Queen of Sheba wanted to test how wise he was. Soloman was given two kinds of flowers. One was (e) ---- (nature) and the other was (f) ---- (artifice). As he had a close (g) ---- (associate) with nature, he had been (h) ---- (success) to differentiate them. In this way, his (i) ---- (repute) of (j) ---- (multidimension) knowledge spreads all over the world. Answer: (a) famous; (b) wisdom; (c) extra-ordinary; (d) imagination; (e) nature; (f) artificial; (g) association; (h) successful; (i) reputation; (j) multidimensional. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, ----? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, ----? (c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, ----? (d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, ----? (e) There fore, let’s practice it, ----? Answer: (a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, aren’t they? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, do we? (c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, aren’t they? (d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, is it? (e) Therefore, let’s practice it, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. It is known to all that gold is a valuable metal. (a) ----, there are many metals cheaper than gold though they like it. (b) ---- they glitter for sometime, they fade away in the long run. In our society there are also many people (c) ---- are outwardly very gentle and polished. Later on their real identity is revealed (d) ---- they do not exercise moral values. That’s why, people say, “ All (e) ---- glitters is not gold.” Answer: (a) But; (b) Though/Although; (c) who; (d) as; (e) that; 11. Use capitals and punctuations marks where necessary in the following text. why are you going to borisal said father i want to buy some important books said saad do you need money yes father don’t go alone as time is not going well Answer: “Why are you going to Borisal?” said father. “I want to buy some important books”, Said saad. “Do you need money?” “Yes, father.” “Don’t go alone as time is not going well.” Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Sayeed/Sayeeda. You have seen a vacancy advertisement for the position of an English Teacher in Monpura High School, Bhola. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Your summer vacation starts from 30th May. Your class wants to go on study tour to Madhabkunda, Sylhet. As a result, you need permission from your headmaster. Now, write an application to your headmaster for seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on ‘The life of a farmer’. 15. Write a composition on ‘Wonders of Modern Science’.

Rules Regarding Sequence of Tenses with Examples Learning and understanding the rules for using multiple verbs in a sentence is essential to comprehend the sequence of tenses. Associating examples with these rules is crucial for mastering them. Below are the rules to follow when using multiple tenses: Rule 1: Past Follows Past If the main clause has a verb conjugated in the past tense, ensure that the subordinate clause also uses the past tense. This rule can be nuanced based on the form of past tense in the principal clause. Exceptions to Rule 1: Present Follows Past: In cases where the subordinate clause conveys a general fact, routine action, or universal truth, use the present tense even if the principal clause has a past tense verb. Example: The teacher taught us today that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Any Tense in the Subordinate Clause: When making a comparison using 'than,' there is no specific rule for choosing the tense. Example: I would prefer going shopping with you rather than sitting at home all day doing nothing. Rule 2: Any Tense after Present or Future Tense If the principal clause is in the present or future tense, the subordinate clause can take any tense based on the conveyed information. Rule 3: Present Follows Future When using subordinating conjunctions like 'when,' 'as soon as,' 'after,' etc., the subordinate clause takes the present tense when the verb in the principal clause is in the future tense. More Examples I'll join the team after I finish my training. (NOT I'll join the team after I will finish my training.) She promises to call before she leaves. (NOT She promises to call before she will leave.) If you put in the effort, you'll excel. (NOT If you will put in the effort, you'll excel.) The Present Perfect Tense in Subordinate Clauses The present perfect tense is frequently used in subordinate clauses to denote future events. Remember, this construction is applicable only when the main clause verb is in the present or future tense. We won't start the project until they have reviewed our proposal. (NOT We won't start the project until they will have reviewed our proposal.) After I've had my meeting, we can discuss your ideas. (NOT After I will have had my meeting, we can discuss your ideas.) Rule 4: Use of Past Tense in Subordinate Clauses When using phrases like 'as if,' 'it is time/high time,' 'what if,' 'wish that,' etc., use the past tense form of the verb. Rule 5: Use of Modal Verbs When the Conjunction 'That' Is Used If a subordinate clause starts with the conjunction 'that' or 'so that,' use 'may' for present tense in the principal clause and 'might' for past tense. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb form from the given brackets. The children insisted that they _______ to the zoo. (go) Even though they _______ late, they managed to catch the last train. (arrive) She acted as if she _______ that fact before. (know – negative) I wish you _______ me sooner. (meet) When he arrived, they realized he _______ them a surprise. (prepare) You will be amazed when you find out how much he _______ for the project. (sacrifice) It's crucial that you _______ your point clearly. (express) Unless we _______ for the event in advance, we _______ good seats. (plan, not get) The scientist explained that the Earth _______ around the sun. (revolve) She believes that it _______ the right decision. (be) Answers: The children insisted that they go to the zoo. Even though they arrived late, they managed to catch the last train. She acted as if she did not know that fact before. I wish you had met me sooner. When he arrived, they realized he had prepared them a surprise. You will be amazed when you find out how much he has sacrificed for the project. It's crucial that you express your point clearly. Unless we plan for the event in advance, we will not get good seats. The scientist explained that the Earth revolves around the sun. She believes that it was the right decision. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: She insisted that she __________ (complete) the assignment before the deadline. After they __________ (finish) their meal, they went for a walk. If he __________ (study) harder, he __________ (pass) the exam. By the time I __________ (arrive), they __________ (already/start) the meeting. The teacher explained that water __________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. I will call you as soon as I __________ (reach) the airport. They __________ (not/realize) that the concert __________ (already/start) when they arrived. She wishes she __________ (learn) Spanish when she was younger. We __________ (not/leave) until the rain __________ (stop). If they __________ (invite) us, we __________ (attend) the party. The manager told us that the new project __________ (begin) next month. By the time you __________ (read) this, I __________ (already/leave). I'll believe it when I __________ (see) it. She __________ (not/hear) the news until her friend __________ (tell) her. If you __________ (exercise) regularly, you __________ (feel) better. The company announced that they __________ (launch) a new product next year. After the storm __________ (pass), we __________ (inspect) the damage. He __________ (not/realize) that he __________ (lose) his wallet until he got home. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) about the traffic before leaving. We __________ (not/start) the movie until everyone __________ (arrive). answers: has completed finished studies, will pass arrive, had already started boils reach did not realize, had already started had learned will not leave, stops invite, will attend will begin read, will have already left see had not heard, told exercise, will feel will launch passes, will inspect did not realize, had lost wish, had known will not start, arrives Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: By the time he __________ (arrive) at the conference, most of the attendees __________ (already/leave). If she __________ (know) about the deadline, she __________ (submit) the report earlier. The author explained that he __________ (work) on the novel for several years before he __________ (finally/publish) it. They __________ (not/realize) that the prices __________ (already/rise) when they __________ (decide) to invest. After the negotiations __________ (conclude), the representatives __________ (exchange) pleasantries. If the weather __________ (be) good tomorrow, we __________ (have) a picnic. She __________ (study) Italian for years before she __________ (visit) Italy. The team __________ (train) hard because they __________ (compete) in the championship next month. By the time you __________ (read) this book, the author __________ (already/write) another one. He __________ (promise) that he __________ (help) us, but he __________ (not/keep) his word. answers: arrived, had already left had known, would have submitted had worked, finally published did not realize, had already risen, decided concluded, exchanged is, will have had studied, visited is training, will compete read, will have already written promised, would help, did not keep Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: The scientists __________ (conduct) research on this topic for years before they __________ (publish) their findings. If you __________ (study) harder, you __________ (perform) better in exams. By the time they __________ (reach) the summit, the sun __________ (already/set). She __________ (work) on the project until she __________ (realize) it __________ (be) not feasible. After he __________ (win) the championship, he __________ (announce) his retirement. The CEO __________ (state) that the company __________ (not/tolerate) any unethical behavior. When the guests __________ (arrive), dinner __________ (already/serve). I __________ (understand) the concept after my teacher __________ (explain) it several times. If she __________ (know) about the traffic, she __________ (not/be) late for the meeting. By the time we __________ (complete) the project, the client __________ (change) the requirements. He __________ (train) rigorously because he __________ (compete) in the marathon next month. After she __________ (graduate), she __________ (start) her own business. They __________ (not/anticipate) that the market __________ (experience) a sudden downturn. The artist __________ (paint) many masterpieces before he __________ (gain) recognition. If the weather __________ (be) good, we __________ (visit) the botanical garden. By the time you __________ (read) this, I __________ (already/leave) for my vacation. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) how to play the guitar when I was younger. The detective __________ (solve) the case before he __________ (reveal) the culprit. After he __________ (find) a job, he __________ (decide) to pursue further studies. The team __________ (celebrate) their victory as soon as the match __________ (end). If we __________ (not/act) quickly, the situation __________ (get) out of control. The professor __________ (advise) that we __________ (focus) on the fundamental concepts first. She __________ (not/know) that the concert __________ (cancel) until she __________ (arrive) at the venue. Once the movie __________ (begin), no one __________ (be) allowed to enter the cinema. The chef __________ (prepare) a delicious meal after he __________ (receive) the fresh ingredients. They __________ (wait) for hours before they __________ (realize) the bus __________ (break) down. After the storm __________ (pass), the residents __________ (assess) the damage. I __________ (promise) that I __________ (help) you, and I __________ (intend) to keep my promise. By the time you __________ (arrive), the party __________ (already/start). If he __________ (attend) the workshop, he __________ (learn) valuable skills. Answers: had conducted, published studied, would perform reached, had already set worked, realized, was won, announced stated, would not tolerate arrived, had already been served understood, explained had known, would not have been complete, had changed trained, will compete graduated, started did not anticipate, experienced painted, gained is, will visit read, will have already left wish, had known solved, revealed found, decided celebrated, ended do not act, will get advised, should focus did not know, was canceled, arrived begins, will be prepared, received waited, realized, had broken passes, will assess promised, will help, intend arrive, will have already started attends, will learn Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: After she __________ (finish) her degree, she __________ (consider) pursuing a master's. He __________ (travel) extensively before he __________ (decide) to settle down. If they __________ (invest) wisely, they __________ (gain) substantial returns. By the time I __________ (arrive), the party __________ (already/start). The students __________ (not/realize) that the exam __________ (already/begin) when they __________ (enter) the room. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) about the sale before everything __________ (sell) out. Once he __________ (complete) the training program, he __________ (apply) for the job. If you __________ (ask) me earlier, I __________ (help) you with the project. After the storm __________ (pass), the crew __________ (start) repairing the damaged roof. She __________ (promise) that she __________ (visit) us, but she __________ (not/keep) her promise. They __________ (not/expect) that the prices __________ (rise) when they __________ (make) the investment. By the time we __________ (reach) the theater, the movie __________ (already/begin). We __________ (not/realize) that he __________ (already/leave) until we __________ (arrive). I __________ (tell) you everything after I __________ (receive) more information. If you __________ (learn) the rules, you __________ (avoid) making mistakes. The artist __________ (work) tirelessly until he __________ (create) a masterpiece. Once she __________ (finish) the report, she __________ (submit) it to the supervisor. The manager __________ (state) that the company __________ (not/tolerate) any form of discrimination. If they __________ (start) the project earlier, they __________ (finish) it on time. He __________ (apologize) for the mistake after he __________ (realize) what happened. They __________ (wait) for hours before the doctor __________ (arrive). After the concert __________ (conclude), the musicians __________ (greet) the audience. She __________ (wish) she __________ (attend) the conference when she __________ (have) the chance. Once the results __________ (be) announced, the winners __________ (celebrate) their success. He __________ (not/understand) that he __________ (make) a wrong turn until he __________ (drive) for miles. The teacher __________ (recommend) that they __________ (read) the book before the discussion. After the guests __________ (leave), we __________ (clean) up the party venue. If they __________ (start) exercising regularly, they __________ (notice) improvements in their health. The team __________ (not/realize) that they __________ (qualify) for the finals until the coach __________ (inform) them. I __________ (have) lunch after I __________ (complete) this task. He __________ (feel) regret after he __________ (realize) his mistake. She __________ (apologize) for the delay once she __________ (arrive). If she __________ (study) harder, she __________ (excel) in her exams. They __________ (wish) they __________ (know) about the event before it __________ (occur). Once the committee __________ (reach) a decision, they __________ (announce) it to the public. If we __________ (not/act) promptly, the situation __________ (escalate). She __________ (not/expect) that the seminar __________ (be) so informative when she __________ (register). After the movie __________ (end), the audience __________ (applaud) the actors. He __________ (regret) not taking the opportunity after he __________ (learn) about its benefits. Once they __________ (arrive), we __________ (begin) the meeting. Answers: finishes, will consider traveled, decided invest, will gain arrive, will have already started did not realize, had already begun, entered wish, had known, sold completes, will apply had asked, would have helped passes, will start promised, would visit, did not keep did not expect, had risen, made reach, will have already begun did not realize, had already left, arrived will tell, receive learn, will avoid worked, created finishes, will submit stated, will not tolerate had started, would have finished will apologize, realizes waited, will arrive concludes, will greet wishes, had attended, had the chance are, will celebrate did not understand, had made, drove recommended, read leave, will clean start, will notice did not realize, had qualified, informed will have, complete felt, realized apologized, arrived studied, would excel wish, had known, occurred reaches, will announce do not act, will escalate did not expect, was, registered ends, will applaud regrets, learned arrive, will begin Correction: Incorrect: She wished she can visit the museum when she was in Paris. Correct: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Explanation: In reported speech or expressions of wish, use the past tense form ("could") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: If he knows about the plan, he would participate. Correct: If he knew about the plan, he would participate. Explanation: Use the past tense ("knew") after "if" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: After she will finish her work, she will join us for dinner. Correct: After she finishes her work, she will join us for dinner. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: We won't leave until he will arrive. Correct: We won't leave until he arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: Once they will understand the concept, it will be easier. Correct: Once they understand the concept, it will be easier. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: By the time he will reach the station, the train will leave. Correct: By the time he reaches the station, the train will leave. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("reaches") after "by the time" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: The company announced that they will launch a new product last month. Correct: The company announced that they would launch a new product last month. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "announce," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: She apologized once she will realize her mistake. Correct: She apologized once she realized her mistake. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: If she studies harder, she would have excelled in her exams. Correct: If she had studied harder, she would have excelled in her exams. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had studied") to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: After the storm passes, they will start cleaning up the debris. Correct: After the storm passes, they will start cleaning up the debris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Incorrect: I wish I will have known about the event earlier. Correct: I wish I had known about the event earlier. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had known") in expressions of wish to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: When the guests arrived, the dinner already serves. Correct: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Incorrect: I'll believe it when I will see it. Correct: I'll believe it when I see it. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "when." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: He insisted that he will pay for the expenses. Correct: He insisted that he would pay for the expenses. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: They won't leave until you will give them permission. Correct: They won't leave until you give them permission. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave. Correct: Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: If they know the answer, they would raise their hands. Correct: If they knew the answer, they would raise their hands. Explanation: Use the past tense ("knew") after "if" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: We won't start the game until the coach will arrive. Correct: We won't start the game until the coach arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: After the movie will end, we can discuss our thoughts. Correct: After the movie ends, we can discuss our thoughts. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: The students didn't realize the exam already begins when they entered the room. Correct: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Identify and correct the errors in the given sentences: She insisted that she will finish the project by tomorrow. By the time they arrived, the meeting already started. If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. We won't leave until you will arrive. Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave the hall. After they will complete the training, they apply for the job. He wished he knows how to play the piano. When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. I will call you as soon as I will reach home. The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Corrected sentences: She insisted that she would finish the project by tomorrow. By the time they arrived, the meeting had already started. If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. (No error) We won't leave until you arrive. Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave the hall. After they complete the training, they will apply for the job. He wished he knew how to play the piano. When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. I will call you as soon as I reach home. The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanations for the corrections: Original: She insisted that she will finish the project by tomorrow. Correction: She insisted that she would finish the project by tomorrow. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: By the time they arrived, the meeting already started. Correction: By the time they arrived, the meeting had already started. Explanation: When expressing an action that occurred before another past action, use the past perfect tense ("had already started") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. Correction: If he knew about the issue, he would have solved it immediately. Explanation: When referring to a condition that is contrary to reality in the past, use the past perfect tense ("would have solved") to maintain the correct sequence. Original: We won't leave until you will arrive. Correction: We won't leave until you arrive. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave the hall. Correction: Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave the hall. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("concludes") after subordinating conjunctions like "once." Original: After they will complete the training, they apply for the job. Correction: After they complete the training, they will apply for the job. Explanation: Use "will" before the verb in the future action to maintain the sequence. Original: He wished he knows how to play the piano. Correction: He wished he knew how to play the piano. Explanation: In reported speech or expressions of wish, use the past tense form ("knew") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. Correction: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Original: I will call you as soon as I will reach home. Correction: I will call you as soon as I reach home. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after conjunctions like "as soon as." The base form of the verb is used. Original: The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Correction: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Identify and correct the errors in the given sentences: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. We won't start the meeting until everyone will arrive. If they knew about the plan, they would participate. By the time she will return, we will finish the project. The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Once you will understand the concept, it will be easier. After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. I'll believe it when I will see it. The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. He insisted that he will pay for the dinner. When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. She apologized once she will realize her mistake. If she studies harder, she would excel in her exams. They won't leave until you will give them permission. After the movie will end, we will discuss our thoughts. I wish I know how to play the guitar when I was younger. He promised that he will help us, but he never did. The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Corrected sentences: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. We won't start the meeting until everyone arrives. If they knew about the plan, they would participate. (No error) By the time she returns, we will finish the project. The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. (No error) Once you understand the concept, it will be easier. After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. (No error) She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. (No error) I'll believe it when I see it. The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. (No error) He insisted that he would pay for the dinner. When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. She apologized once she realized her mistake. If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. They won't leave until you give them permission. (No error) After the movie ends, we will discuss our thoughts. I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. He promised that he would help us, but he never did. (No error) The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Explanation: Original: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. Correction: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: We won't start the meeting until everyone will arrive. Correction: We won't start the meeting until everyone arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: If they knew about the plan, they would participate. Correction: If they knew about the plan, they would participate. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: By the time she will return, we will finish the project. Correction: By the time she returns, we will finish the project. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("returns") after "by the time" to maintain the correct sequence. Original: The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Correction: The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: Once you will understand the concept, it will be easier. Correction: Once you understand the concept, it will be easier. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Original: After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. Correction: After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Correction: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: I'll believe it when I will see it. Correction: I'll believe it when I see it. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "when." The base form of the verb is used. Original: The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. Correction: The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: He insisted that he will pay for the dinner. Correction: He insisted that he would pay for the dinner. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. Correction: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Original: She apologized once she will realize her mistake. Correction: She apologized once she realized her mistake. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Original: If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. Correction: If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: They won't leave until you will give them permission. Correction: They won't leave until you give them permission. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: After the movie will end, we will discuss our thoughts. Correction: After the movie ends, we will discuss our thoughts. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Original: I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. Correction: I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: He promised that he will help us, but he never did. Correction: He promised that he would help us, but he never did. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "promise," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Correction: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Original: Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Correction: Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error.

Rules of Spelling Spelling is a crucial aspect of effective written communication. Consistent adherence to spelling rules ensures clarity and precision in conveying ideas. Here are some of the most important spelling rules, along with examples for each: 1. Silent "E" Rule: • Rule: Words ending in a silent "e" usually drop the "e" before adding vowel suffixes. • Example: "hope" becomes "hoping," "write" becomes "writing." 2. "IE" and "EI" Rule: • Rule: In most cases, "i" comes before "e" except after "c." • Example: "believe," "receive," but "ceiling" and "conceive." 3. Doubling Consonants Rule: • Rule: One-syllable words ending in a single vowel and a single consonant double the final consonant when adding a vowel suffix. • Example: "run" becomes "running," "hop" becomes "hopping." 4. Changing "Y" Rule: • Rule: When a word ends in "y" with a consonant preceding it, the "y" changes to "i" before suffixes other than those beginning with "i." • Example: "happy" becomes "happily," "study" becomes "studious." 5. Adjective to Adverb Rule: • Rule: If the adjective ends in "I," the adverb formed by adding "ly" will contain two "I’s" immediately before the "y." • Example: "real" becomes "really," "final" becomes "finally." 6. Compounded Words Rule: • Rule: Words ending in "ii" usually drop one "I" when compounded. • Example: "all" + "most" = "almost," "well" + "come" = "welcome." 7. "I" Before "E" Except After "C" Rule: • Rule: In words with "ie" or "ei," use "I" before "e" except after "c." • Example: "receive," "deceive," but exceptions like "ceiling" and "leisure." 8. -NESS Suffix Rule: • Rule: Words ending in "no" do not drop the "n" before adding the suffix "-ness." • Example: "clean" becomes "cleanness," "green" becomes "greenness." Mastering these spelling rules will contribute to improved writing skills and enhance overall communication effectiveness. Regular practice and exposure to varied vocabulary will reinforce these rules in practical usage. 20 Golden Rules of Spelling RULE I: Words Ending in Silent "e" and Vowel Suffixes Words that end in a silent "e" typically drop the silent "e" before adding a vowel suffix (e.g., -ing, -able, -ary, -ous). Exceptions: 1. The "e" is retained when a suffix beginning with a consonant letter (e.g., -ment, -ful) is added. 2. After 'c' or 'g', if the suffix begins with 'a' or 'o', the 'e' is retained to indicate the soft sound of 'c' or 'g' (e.g., -ous, -able). Examples: • Drop -e: • admire + able = admirable • admire + ation = admiration • allure + ing = alluring • arrange + ing = arranging • arrive + ing = arriving • become + ing = becoming • care + ing = caring • come + ing = coming • compare + able = comparable • deplore + able = deplorable • desire + ous = desirous • dine + ing = dining • divide + ing = dividing • explore + ation = exploration • fame + ous = famous • give + ing = giving • hope + ing = hoping • imagine + ary = imaginary • live + ing = living • lose + ing = losing • love + able = lovable • move + able = movable • name + ing = naming • note + ed = noted • Retain -e: • arrange + ment = arrangement • care + ful = careful • extreme + ly = extremely • force + ful = forceful • hate + ful = hateful • like + ness = likeness • lone + ly = lonely • move + ment = movement • Retain -e (after 'c' or 'g' with 'a' or 'o'): • advantage + ous = advantageous • change + able = changeable • courage + ous = courageous • manage + able = manageable • notice + able = noticeable • outrage + ous = outrageous • peace + able = peaceable • service + able = serviceable • trace + able = traceable RULE 2: Words Ending in "ee" or "oo" and Suffixes Words ending in "ee" or "oo" add suffixes without any change. Examples: • agree + able = agreeable • coo + ing = cooing • flee + ing = fleeing • glee + ful = gleeful • see + ing = seeing • woo + ing = wooing Additional Examples: • entire + ly = entirely • false + ly = falsely • fine + ly = finely • late + ly = lately • nice + ly = nicely • polite + ly = politely • safe + ly = safely • sure + ly = surely • whole + ly = wholly • noble + ly = nobly • true + ly = truly • gentle + ly = gently • idle + ly = idly RULE 3: Words Ending in a Consonant After Two Vowels and Suffixes Words ending in a consonant preceded by two vowels do not double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Examples: • comfortable + ly = comfortably • fashionable + ly = fashionably • forcible + ly = forcibly • honourable + ly = honourably • pleasurable + ly = pleasurably • sensible + ly = sensibly Additional Examples: • boor + ish = boorish • cook + ing = cooking • cool + ing = cooling • look + ing = looking • meet + ing = meeting • repeat + able = repeatable • shout + ed = shouted • teem + ing = teeming • associate + tion = association • celebrate + tion = celebration RULE 4: Retention of Silent "e" with Consonant Suffixes When a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word ending in a silent "e," the "e" is, with few exceptions, retained. Here are the details: 1. When the suffix -ly is added to an adjective ending in a silent "e," the "e" is usually retained. 2. Exceptions to the retention of "e" when -ly is added: • If the adjective ends in -le, the -le is dropped when the suffix -ly is added. • The -le is also dropped from adjectives ending in -able and -ible when the suffix -ly is added. 3. When the suffix -tion is used to form a noun from a verb ending in a silent "e" after 't,' the letters 'te' are dropped. 4. When the suffix -y is added to a noun ending in silent "e" to make an adjective, the "e" is dropped. 5. When the suffixes -ful, -hood, -less, and -ment are added, the "e" is retained. Examples: • communicate + ion = communication • complete + ion = completion • create + tion = creation • dictate + tion = dictation • frustrate + tion = frustration • pollute + tion = pollution • bone + y = bony • smoke + y = smoky • ease + y = easy • snake + y = snaky • ice + y = icy • stone + y = stony • noise + y = noisy • taste + y = tasty RULE 5: Unchanged Words Ending in Two or More Consonants with Suffixes Words ending in two or more consonants usually remain unchanged when a suffix is added. Examples: • call + ed = called • pull + ed = pulled • roll + ing = rolling • shell + ed = shelled • thrill + ing = thrilling • till + ed = tilled • toll + ing = tolling • will + ed = willed RULE 6: Doubling Consonants in One-Syllable Words with Vowel Suffixes When a one-syllable word ends in a single vowel and a single consonant, the consonant is usually doubled when a suffix with a vowel is added. Here are specific cases: 1. The suffix -er, denotes 'person or thing that does something.' 2. The suffix -ing indicates the present participle and gerund. 3. The suffix -ed is used for the past tense and past participle. 4. The suffix -y changes a noun to an adjective. Examples: • advertise + ment = advertisement • amaze + ment = amusement • announce + ment = announcement • care + less = careless • excite + ment = excitement • false + hood = falsehood • home + less = homeless • hope + ful = hopeful • hope + less = hopeless • tire + less = tireless • use + ful = useful • use + less = useless • wire + less = wireless Note: When -ment is added to judge, acknowledge, and abridge, two spellings are generally accepted: • judge + ment = judgment or judgement • acknowledge + ment = acknowledgment or acknowledgement • abridge + ment = abridgment or abridgement RULE 7: No Doubling of Final Consonant in One-Syllable Words with Consonant Suffixes In a one-syllable word, the final consonant is not doubled before a suffix beginning with a consonant. Examples: • big, bigger, biggest • sad, sadder, saddest • hot, hotter, hottest • thin, thinner, thinnest Examples with Consonant Suffixes: • cut + er = cutter • hit + er = hitter • rub + er = rubber • run + er = runner • sin + er = sinner • swim + er = swimmer Additional Examples: • bid, bidding • brag, bragging • get, getting • cram, cramming • plan, planning • cut, cutting • run, running • dig, digging • sin, sinning • din, dinning • sit, sitting Examples with Past Tense Suffix -ed: • beg, begged • drag, dragged • drop, dropped • rub, rubbed • fit, fitted • sin, sinned • hop, hopped • strap, strapped Examples with Adjective Suffix -y: • fog, foggy • mud, muddy • fun, funny • sun, sunny • fat, fatness • man, manhood • fit, fitful • sad, sadness • glad, gladness • sin, sinful RULE 8: Doubling Final Consonant in Multisyllabic Words with Vowel Suffixes 1. Words of more than one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, if accented on the last syllable, usually double the final consonant before adding a vowel suffix. 2. When adding a suffix in words of more than one syllable, and the accent is shifted to a preceding syllable, the foregoing rule does not apply. 3. In words of more than one syllable, the final consonant is not doubled before a suffix beginning with a consonant. 4. The final consonant is not doubled if the stress is on the first syllable, and if the verb ends in -en or -er. 5. The final consonant is doubled if the stress is on the first syllable of the verb and if it ends in -al, -el, or -il. 6. If the stress is on the first syllable, and if the verb ends in -ap or -ip, the final consonant is doubled. Examples: • admit → admitted • control → controlled • regret → regretting • forbid → forbidding • forget → forgetting • prefer → preferring • combat → combative • equip → equipment • profit → profitless • regret → regretful • unfit → unfitness • happen → happened, happening • open → opened, opener • offer → offered, offering • cancel → cancelled, cancellation • equal → equalled, equalling • level → levelled, leveller • pedal → pedalled, pedalling • travel → travelled, traveller Exceptions: • parallel → paralleled • kidnap → kidnapped, kidnapper • worship → worshipped, worshipper RULE 9: No Doubling of Final Consonant in Multisyllabic Words with Vowel Suffixes Words of more than one syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, if not accented on the last syllable, usually do not double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Examples: • Bigot → bigoted • Despot → despotic • Redden → reddened • Rivet → riveted Exceptions: There are words having two syllables almost equally accented. In such a situation, this rule is not applied, as in: • Handicap → handicapped • Outfit → outfitted RULE 10: Change of "y" to "i" in Verb Endings When a verb ends in "y" with a consonant preceding it, the "y" becomes "i" before the suffixes -es and -ed. The "y" remains unchanged before the suffix -ing. Examples: • Study → studies • Carry → carries • Try → tries • Cry → cries • Apply → applies Exceptions: • Play → plays • Enjoy → enjoys Unchanged "y" with -ing: • Study → studying • Carry → carrying • Try → trying • Cry → crying • Apply → applying RULE 11: Unchanged "y" in Verb Endings with Vowel Preceding If a verb ends with "y" with a vowel preceding it, the "y" generally remains unchanged before the endings -s, -ed, and -ing. Examples: • beauty → beautiful • happy → happiness • deny → denial • justify → justifies • fly → flier • study → studious Examples with Endings: • annoy → annoys, annoyed, annoying • destroy → destroys, destroyed, destroying • enjoy → enjoys, enjoyed, enjoying • obey → obeys, obeyed, obeying • play → plays, played, playing • pray → prays, prayed, praying • stay → stays, stayed, staying Exceptions: • lay → lays, laid, laying • pay → pays, paid, paying • say → says, said, saying RULE 12: Changing "ie" to "y" and Omitting "e" with -ing Suffix If the suffix -ing is added to verbs ending with "ie," the "i" becomes "y," and the "e" is omitted. Examples: • die → dying • lie → lying • tie → tying RULE 13: Changing "y" to "i" in Nouns and Adjectives with Consonant Preceding When a noun or adjective ends in "y" with a consonant preceding it, the "y" usually becomes "i" when a suffix is added. Examples: • dry → drier, dries, drily • happy → happier, happiest, happily, happiness • pity → pitiful, pitiless • plenty → plentiful • tidy → tidier, tidiest, tidily, tidiness • twenty → twentieth RULE 14: Replacing "y" with "i" before Certain Suffixes Words ending with "y" preceded by a consonant use "i" instead of "y" before additions other than those beginning with "i." Examples: • beauty → beautiful, beautifully • happy → happiness, happily • deny → denial, denies • justify → justifies, justified • fly → flier, flies • study → studious, studies Examples with Endings: • annoy → annoys, annoyed, annoying • destroy → destroys, destroyed, destroying • enjoy → enjoys, enjoyed, enjoying • obey → obeys, obeyed, obeying • play → plays, played, playing • pray → prays, prayed, praying • stay → stays, stayed, staying Exceptions: • lay → lays, laid, laying • pay → pays, paid, paying • say → says, said, saying RULE 15: Retaining "n" before -ness in Words Ending in "no" Words ending in "no" do not drop the "n" before adding the suffix -ness. Examples: • clean → cleanness • green → greenness RULE 16: Adverb Formation with Double "I" Before "Y" If the adjective ends in "I," the adverb formed by adding "ly" will contain two "I’s" immediately before the "y." Examples: • cool → coolly • final → finally • formal → formally • hopeful → hopefully • real → really • useful → usefully RULE 17: Adverb Formation with Single "I" Before "Y" If the adjective does not end in "I," the adverb formed by adding "ly" will contain only one "I" immediately before the "y." Examples: • evident → evidently • grim → grimly • fluent → fluently • quick → quickly RULE 18: Dropping One "I" in Compounded Words Ending in "ii" Words ending in "ii" usually drop one "I" when compounded. Examples: • all + most = almost • all + ready = already • all + though = although • all + together = altogether • all + ways = always • dis + till = distil • doubt + full = doubtful • use + full = useful • un + till = until • well + come = welcome RULE 19: "I" Before "E" Except After "C" In words with "ie" or "ei" when the sound is long "ee," use "I" before "e" except after "c." Exceptions: • Ceiling • Conceive • Conceit • Deceit • Deceive • Perceive • Receipt • Receive Other Exceptions: • Either • Financier • Leisure • Neither • Seize • Species

Pronunciation rules can vary significantly between languages, and even within the same language, there may be regional differences. Here are some general pronunciation rules that may apply to English: Phonetic Sounds: English has 44 phonetic sounds, including vowels and consonants. Vowels can be short or long, and their pronunciation may vary based on the surrounding consonants. Vowels: Short vowels are generally pronounced in a more clipped manner (e.g., cat, bed). Long vowels are held for a longer duration (e.g., cake, meet). Diphthongs are combinations of two vowel sounds within the same syllable (e.g., coin, loud). Consonants: Certain consonants can have different sounds based on their position in a word or the surrounding vowels (e.g., the "c" in cat vs. city). Consonant clusters, where two or more consonants appear together, can be challenging for non-native speakers. Stress: English is a stress-timed language, meaning stressed syllables are spoken at a relatively equal time interval, while unstressed syllables are shorter. The placement of stress can change the meaning of a word (e.g., 'record' as a noun vs. 're'cord' as a verb). Silent Letters: English words may contain silent letters, where certain letters are not pronounced but affect the pronunciation of neighboring letters (e.g., 'k' in knife, 'h' in ghost). Schwa Sound: The schwa sound (ə) is a neutral vowel sound and is the most common vowel sound in English. It is often heard in unstressed syllables. Linking and Blending: In connected speech, words can blend together, and certain sounds may change or be omitted to facilitate smoother pronunciation (e.g., "gonna" for "going to"). Intonation: English speakers use intonation to convey meaning and emotion. Rising intonation at the end of a sentence can indicate a question, while falling intonation can suggest a statement. 50 Important Rules in Bangla Rule-1 শব্দের শুরুতে KN থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ হবে “ন” এক্ষেত্রে K অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Knowledge (নলেজ) – জ্ঞান Knight (নাইট) – অশ্ব। Knee (নী) – হাটু। Rule-2 W এর পরে h/r থাকলে w উচ্চারণ হয় না।উদাহরণ: Write (রাইট) – লেখা। Wrong (রং) – ভুল। Who (হু) – কে। Wrestling (রেস্টলিং) – কুস্তি। Rule-3 শব্দের শেষে “e” থাকলে “e” এর উচ্চারণ হয়না।উদাহরণ: Name (নেইম) – নাম। Come (কাম) – আসা। Take (ঠেইক) – নেওয়া।Fake (ফেইক) – ভূয়া। Rule-4 M+B পর পর থাকলে এবং B এর পর কোন Vowel না থাকলে B উচ্চারিত হয় না।উদাহরণ: Bomb (বম) – বোমা। Comb (কৌম) – চিরুনি। Thumb (থাম) – হাতের বুড়ো আঙ্গুল।Thumbnail (থামনেল) – ছোট। Rule-5 Word এর শেষে I G N থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ “আইন” হয়। এ ক্ষেত্রে G অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।Design (ডিজাইন) – আকা। Resign (রিজাইন) – পদত্যাগ করা। Reign (রেইন) – রাজত্ব। Feign (ফেইন) – উদ্ভাবন করা। Rule- 6 L+ M পর পর থাকলে এবং পরে vowel না থাকলে L অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Calm (কাম) – শান্ত। Alms (আমজ) – ভিক্ষা। Palm (পাম) – তালগাছ। Rule- 7 শব্দে T থাকলে T এর পরে U থাকলে T এর উচ্চারণ “চ” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Lecture (লেকচার) – বক্তৃতা। Century (সেঞ্চুরী) – শতক। Furniture (ফার্নিচার) – আসবাবপত্র। Structure (স্ট্রাকচার) – গঠন। Rule-8 Consonant+ I A+ Consonant এভাবে Word গঠিত হলে, I A এর উচ্চারণ (আইঅ্যা) মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Dialogue (ডায়ালগ) – কথোপকথন।Diamond (ডায়ামন্ড) – হীরক। Liar (লায়ার) – মিথ্যাবাদী।Liability (লাইয়াবিলিটি) – দায়। Rule-9 I+ R+ Consonant এভাবে Word গঠিত হলে “I” এর উচ্চারণ “আই” না হয়ে “অ্যা” হয়উদাহরণ: First (ফার্স্ট) – প্রথম। Birth (র্বাথ) – জন্ম। Bird (বার্ড) – পাখি। Circle (সার্কেল) – বৃত্ত। Rule-10 ৩ বর্ণ বিশিষ্ট Word এ Consonant+ I+ E এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে তার উচ্চারণ “আই” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Mice (মাইস) – ইদুর। Rice (রাইস) – চাউল। Wise (ওয়াইস) – বিজ্ঞSize (সাইজ) – আয়তন। Rule-11 Consonant+ U+ Consonant এভাবে word গঠিত হলে U এর উচ্চারণ “আ” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Null (নাল) – বাতিল But (বাট) – কিন্তু। Nut (নাট) – বাদাম Cut (কাট) – কাটা। Rule-12 I G H এর উচ্চারণে G উচ্চারিত হয় না। সেই অংশটুকুর উচ্চারণ “আই” হবে।উদাহরণ: Night (নাইট) – রাত্র। Sight (সাইট) – দৃশ্য। Might (মাইট) – হতে পারে। Rule-13 “I O” এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “আইয়” হয়উদাহরণ: Violet (ভাইয়লেইট) – বেগুনী রঙ।Biology (বাইয়োলজি) – জীব বিদ্যা। Biography (বাইয়োগ্রাফি) – জীবনী।Violation (ভাইয়লেশন) – ভঙ্গ। Rule-14 Consonant এর পর “AI” এর উচ্চারণ সবসময় “এই” বা “এয়্যা” হযউদাহরণ: Rail (রেইল) – রেলের লাইন। Nail (নেইল) – পেরেক Straight (স্ট্রেইট) – সোজা। Rule-15 O+ consonant+ U+ consonant+ A/E/I এভাবে word গঠিত হলে, U এর উচ্চারণ “ইউ” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Document (ডকিউমেন্ট) – দলিল। Procurement (প্রকিউরমেন্ট) – চেষ্টা দ্বারা পাওয়া।Rule-16 I+ R+ E এর ক্ষেত্রে যদি বর্ণ তিনটি word এর শেষে থাকে তবে এর উচ্চারণ “আয়্যা” হয়উদাহরণ: Dire (ডায়্যার) – ভয়ংকরMire (মায়্যার) – কাদা।Admire (এ্যাডমায়্যার) – তারিফ করা। Rule-17 U I + consonant এরপর vowel না থাকলে U I এর উচ্চারণ “ই” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Guilty (গিল্টি) – দোষী। Guilt (গিল্ট) – দোষ। Build (বিল্ড) – নির্মাণ করা। Rule-18 E A+ R এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এবং R যদি word এর শেষ বর্ণ হয় তাহলে E A এর উচ্চারণ “ঈঅ্যা” হবে।Dear (ডিয়্যার) – প্রিয়। Fear (ফিয়্যার) – ভয়Bear (বিয়্যার) – বহন করা। Rule-19 EA+ R+ consonant এভাবে word গঠিত হলে, EA এর উচ্চারণ “অ্যা” হবে। উদাহরণ: Heart (হার্ট) – হৃদয়।Earth (আর্থ) – পৃথিবী। Earn (আর্ন) – আয় করা।Rule-20 Consonant+ EA+ consonant (R ছাড়া) এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে EA এর উচ্চারণ ঈ হবে।Feather (ফেদার) – পালক। Tread (ট্রেড) – পদদলিত করা। Leader (লিডার) – সর্দার। Rule-21 শব্দস্থিত EE+ R এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে R যদি word শেষ অক্ষর হয় তাহলে EE এর উচ্চারণ “ইঅ্যা” হবে।উদাহরণ: Peer (পিয়্যার) – সমকক্ষ।Steer (স্টিয়্যার) – হাল ধরা। Deer (ডিয়্যার) – হরিণ।Rule-22 P+ S পরপর থাকলে এবং P এর আগে কোন vowel না থাকলে P অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Psyche (সাইকি) – আত্মা Psycho (সাইকো) – মন। Psora (সৌরা) – খোসপাচঁড়া। Rule-23 শব্দস্থিত STL এর উচ্চারণ হয় “সল্” এখানে T অনুচ্চারিত থাকে।উদাহরণ: Bustle (বাসল্) – অতিশয় কর্ম ব্যস্ততা।Rustle (রাসল) – খসখস শব্দ। Nestle (নেসলে) – বাসা বাঁধা Rule-24 ইংরেজি শব্দের শেষে TCH থাকলে এর উচ্চারণ হয় “চ”।উদাহরণ: Batch (ব্যাচ) – ক্ষুদ্রদল। Match (ম্যাচ) – ক্রীড়া প্রতিযোগিতা।Scratch (স্ক্র্যাচ) – আচঁড়ের দাগ। Rule-25 শব্দস্থিত OA+ R থাকলে, OA এর উচ্চারণ হবে “অ্য”। উদাহরণ: Board (বোর্ড) – মোটা শক্ত কাগজ। Boar (বোর) – শূকর। Boat (বোট) – নৌকা। Road (রোড) – রাস্তা। Rule-26 E+ consonant (R ছাড়া) + E এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এবং তার পর আর কিছু না থাকলে প্রথম E এর উচ্চারণ হয় “ঈ” এবং দ্বিতীয় E অনুচ্চারিত থাকউদাহরণ: Complete (কমপ্লীট) – সম্পূর্ণ। Mete (মীট) – অংশ ভাগ করে দেয়া।Rule-27 শব্দস্থিত OE এর উচ্চারণ হয় “ঈ”।Phoenix (ফীনিক্স) – রুপ কথার পাখি বিশেষ। Amoeba (এ্যামিবা) – ক্ষুদ্র এক কোষী প্রাণী। Rule-28 Consonant এরপর OI এর উচ্চারণ হয় “অই”।উদাহরণ: Coin (কইন) – মুদ্রা। Foil (ফইল) – পাত। Join (জইন) – যোগদান করা। Rule-29 শব্দস্থিত OA+ Consonant এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে OA এর উচ্চারণ হয় “ঔ”।উদাহরণ: Road (রৌড) – রাস্তা। Loan (লৌন) – ঋণ। Toad (টৌড) – ব্যাঙ। Rule-30 UI+ consonant+ A/E/O এভাবে word গঠিত হলে সচরাচর UI এর উচ্চারণ হয় ইংরেজি “আই” এর মত।উদাহরণ: Guide (গাইড) – পথ প্রদর্শক। Guile (গাইল) – ছলনা, ফাঁকি। Misguidance (মিসগাইড্যান্স) – বিপথগামীতা। Rule-31 শব্দের মাঝে E+ R ছাড়া অন্য consonant এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে E এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “এ” বা “ই” হয়উদাহরণ: Rent (রেন্ট) – ভাড়া।Comet (কমিট) – ধূমকেতু। Comment (কমেন্ট) – মন্তব্য। Rule-32 EE+ consonant (R ছাড়া) এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে, EE এর উচ্চরণ “ঈ” হয়উদাহরণ: Need (নীড) – প্রয়োজন।Feel (ফীল) – অনুভব করা। Steel (স্টীল) – ইস্পাত। Meek (মীক) – বিনম্র Rule-33 R+ vowel+ CH এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে CH এর উচ্চারণ হবে “চ”। উদাহরণ: Approach (অ্যাপ্রোচ) – অভিগমন। Branch (ব্রাঞ্চ) – শাখা। Crunch (ক্র্যাঞ্চ) – গুড়ানো। Rule- 34 C এর পরে যদি I, E, Y থাকে তাহলে তার উচ্চারণ “স” হবে। উদাহরণ: Center (সেন্টার) – কেন্দ্র। Cyclone (সাইক্লোন) – ঘূর্ণিঝড় ।Cell (সেল) – কোষ। Circle (সার্কেল) – বৃত্ত। Rule- 35 Y সাধারণত One-syllable এর শব্দে Y, (আই) হিসেবে উচ্চারিত হয়।উদাহরণ: Fly (ফ্লাই) – উড়া।Shy (শাই) – লজ্জা। Buy (বাই) – ক্রয় করা।Toy (টই) – খেলনা। Joy (জয়) – আনন্দ।Two-syllable এর শব্দে Y (ই) হিসেবে উচ্চারিত হয়।City (সিটি) – শহর। Funny (ফানি) – আনন্দ করা। Happy (হ্যাপি) – খুশি। Policy (পলিসি) – নীতিমালা। Rule-36 শব্দের শেষে MN এর পরে কোন vowel না থাকলে এবং MN পরপর থাকলে N অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Solemn (সলেম) – গুরুগম্ভীর। Condemn (কনডেম) – দোষারোপ করা। Damn (ড্যাম) – অভিশাপ দেয়া ।Rule-37 ইংরেজি শব্দের শেষে gh থাকলে তার উচ্চারণ হয় “ফ” অথবা কখনো তা অনুচ্চারিত থাকে । কিন্তু এরপর T, N বা M থাকলে gh উচ্চারিত হয় নাউদাহরণ: Tough (টাফ) – কঠিন। Enough (ইনাফ) – যথেষ্ট। Mighty (মাইটি) – বলশালী। High (হাই) – উচ্চ। Rule-38 IGH এর উচ্চারণ “আই”। “augh” এবং “ough” এর উচ্চারণ অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রেই “অ” বা “আ” তাছাড়া eigh এর উচ্চারণ হয় এই কিন্তু Height এর উচ্চারণ ব্যতিক্রমউদাহরণ: Night (নাইট) – রাত্র। Dight (ডাইট) – সাজানো। Fight (ফাইট) – লড়াই।Tight (টাইট) – টানটান। Rule-39 Consonant এরপর BT এর উচ্চারণ “ট” এক্ষেত্রে “B” অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Doubt (ডাউট) – সন্দেহ। Debt (ডেট) – ঋণ। Doubtful (ডাউটফুল) – সন্দিহান। Rule-40 শব্দের শেষে que এর উচ্চারণ “ক”। উদাহরণ: Cheque (চেক) – কিস্তি, হুন্ডি। Baroque (ব্যারক) – বলিষ্ঠ। Clique (ক্লীক) – ক্ষুদ্রদল। Rule-41 LK এর আগে E বা U না থাকলে LK এর উচ্চারণ হবে “ক” এবং “L” অনুচ্চারিত থাকে। উদাহরণ: Talk (টক) – আলাপ। Walk (ওয়াক) – হাটা।Chalk (চক) – খড়ি। Rule-42 KN বা GN এর আগে vowel থাকলে K ও G উচ্চারিত হয়।উদাহরণ: Agnostic (এ্যাগনষ্টিক) – অজ্ঞেয়Acknowledge (এ্যাকনলেজ) – স্বীকার করা Acknowledgement (এ্যাকনলেজমেন্ট) – স্বীকৃতি। Rule- 43 কোন শব্দে CC+ OU/ consonant থাকলে CC এর উচ্চারণ হবে “ক”। উদাহরণ: Accuse (এ্যাকিউজ) – অভিযুক্ত করা। According (এ্যাকর্ডিং) – অনুযায়ী।Accurate (এ্যাকিউরেট) – যথার্থ। Rule- 44 কোন শব্দে U এরপর consonant+ vowel+….. থাকলে U এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “ইউ” হয়।উদাহরণ: Mute (মিউট) – স্তব্ধ, নির্বাক। Tube (টিউব) – নল। Duteous (ডিউটিয়াস) – অনুগত , বাধ্য।Rule- 45 কোন শব্দে U এর পূর্বে consonant+ R/L+…… থাকলে U এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “উ” হয়।উদাহরণ: Blue (ব্লু) – নীল। Glue (গ্লু) – শিরিসের আঠা। True (ট্রু) – সত্য। Rule- 46 কোন শব্দে U+E এর পূর্বে consonant + R বা L না থাকলে U এর উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “ইউ” এর মত হয়।উদাহরণ: Sue (স্যু) – আদালতে অভিযুক্ত করা। Hue (হিউ) – রং। Imbue (ইমবিউ) – অনুপ্রানিত করা। Rule-47 কোন শব্দে U এর পূর্বে R বা L একক ভাবে থাকলে তার পরে E বা consonant+ E/L থাকা স্বত্তেও তার উচ্চারণ সাধারণত “উ” হয়।উদাহরণ: Nude (নুড) – নগ্ন, ন্যাংটা। Lunacy (লুনাসি) – পাগলামি, বকা আচরণ। Lutanist (লূটানিস্ট) – বীণা-বাদক। Rule- 48 U এর পর যদি এমন দুটি Consonant থাকে যাদেরকে আলাদাভাবে উচ্চারণ করতে হয় (ফলে প্রথমটিতে একটি syllable শেষ হয় এবং পরেরটিতে আরেকটি syllable শুরু হয়) তাহলে ঐ দুটি consonant এর পর E/I/A থাকা স্বত্তেও U এর উচ্চারণ বাংলা “আ”- এর মত হউদাহরণ: Incumbent (ইনকামবেন্ট) – বাধ্যতামূলক। Number (নাম্বার) – সংখ্যা। Constructive (কনস্ট্রাকটিভ) – গঠনমূলক। Nudge (নাজ) – কনুয়ের মৃদু ঠেলা দেয়াRule- 49 LM এর আগে কোন vowel অর্থাৎ “ই”, “ঈ” বা “এ” ধ্বনি থাকলে L উচ্চারিত হয়।উদাহরণ: Film (ফিল্ম) – চলচ্চিত্র। Elm (এল্ম) – দেবদারু জাতীয় গাছ।Filmy (ফিল্মি) – মেঘাচ্ছন্ন। Rule- 50 UI+ consonant+ I কিংবা consonant+ L/R+ UI এভাবে গঠিত হলে UI এর উচ্চারণ “ইউই” বা “উই” হয়।উদাহরণ: Perpetuity (প্যারপিচিউইটি) – চিরস্থায়ীত্ব।Ingenuity (ইনজিনিউইটি) – অকপটতা। Liquidity (লিকুইডিটি) – তারল্য, তরল অবস্থা।

Subjunctive Mood The subjunctive mood is a grammatical form used to convey hypothetical situations, express wishes, demands, or suggestions. It plays a crucial role in shaping language to articulate unreal or speculative scenarios. Here are examples and detailed explanations of the subjunctive mood: Examples Demonstrating the Subjunctive Mood: If it were me, I'd go. In this hypothetical situation, the subjunctive mood is employed. "Were" is used instead of "was" to convey a sense of unreality. This construction is often used to express unreal or unlikely conditions. I wish it were real. Expressing a wish involves the use of the subjunctive mood. "Were" is preferred over "was" to convey the desired but unreal state. This usage is common when expressing desires or hopes that may not align with reality. It is imperative that the game begin at once. A demand is expressed here, and the subjunctive mood is applied. "Begin" is used instead of "begins" to signify the necessity of immediate action. The subjunctive is often employed in formal contexts to convey a sense of urgency or importance. I propose he work full time. A suggestion is made, utilizing the subjunctive mood. "Work" is employed instead of "works" to express the proposed action. The subjunctive is commonly used with verbs like propose, suggest, demand, and insist to convey recommendations or proposals. Verb Changes with the Subjunctive Mood: The table below illustrates how verbs change when in the subjunctive mood: Verbs That Attract the Subjunctive Mood: Certain verbs commonly attract the subjunctive mood, including "to command," "to order," "to wish," "to suggest," "to recommend," "to ask," "to insist," and "to demand." These verbs are often associated with expressions of authority, desire, or necessity. Adjectives That Attract the Subjunctive Mood: Adjectives like "important," "necessary," "imperative," "crucial," and "essential," especially when used with "that," often prompt the use of the subjunctive mood. This usage conveys a sense of importance or urgency. Set Phrases Featuring the Subjunctive Mood: Certain set phrases incorporate the subjunctive mood to convey wishes or blessings, as seen in "God bless you" or "May The Force be with you." These phrases are often idiomatic expressions that have become established in language use. Understanding and correctly applying the subjunctive mood is essential for effective communication, especially in formal and written contexts. It allows speakers and writers to articulate various nuances of language, from wishes and suggestions to demands and hypothetical scenarios.

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A participle is a verb form that functions as an adjective, often ending in -ing or -ed. Participles can be present participles (ending in -ing) or past participles (often ending in -ed, -en, -d, -t, or other irregular forms). Advanced students should be familiar with the various ways participles are used and understand their nuances. Here are the key details about participles: Present Participles: Formation: Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb (e.g., play → playing, run → running). Usage as an Adjective: Present participles modify nouns, providing additional information about the noun. For example: The smiling child waved at us. The growing economy boosted employment. Participial Phrases: Participles can be used in participial phrases, where the participle is accompanied by its objects and modifiers. For example: Running late for the bus, Sarah couldn't find her keys. Past Participles: Formation: Past participles vary in their formation. Regular verbs often add -ed or -d, while irregular verbs have unique forms (e.g., play → played, run → run). Usage as an Adjective: Past participles, like present participles, can modify nouns. For example: The broken window was quickly repaired. The written report contained valuable insights. Participles in Verb Tenses: Past participles are used in various verb tenses, including the present perfect and past perfect. For example: She has eaten dinner. They had finished their work before the meeting. Passive Voice: Past participles are used in passive voice constructions. For example: The cake was baked by my sister. The book has been read by many people. Dangling Participles: Be cautious about dangling participles, where the implied subject of the participle is different from the intended subject of the sentence. For example: Incorrect: Walking to the store, the rain began to fall. (It implies the rain is walking.) Correct: Walking to the store, he felt the rain begin to fall. Reduced Relative Clauses: Participles can be used to create reduced relative clauses. For example: The man carrying a suitcase is my brother. The book written by Hemingway is a classic. Present Participles Present participles are verb forms that end in -ing and are often used to convey continuous or ongoing actions. Advanced students should be familiar with the various roles that present participles play in sentences. Here are the details along with examples: Formation: Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the base form of the verb. Regular Verbs: play → playing, dance → dancing Irregular Verbs: run → running, swim → swimming Usage as an Adjective: Present participles can function as adjectives, providing additional information about a noun. Example Sentences: The captivating movie held the audience's attention. The howling wind rattled the windows. Participle Phrases: Present participles are often used in participle phrases, where the participle is accompanied by its objects and modifiers. Example Sentences: Running late for the bus, Sarah couldn't find her keys. Excited about the news, the students gathered in the auditorium. Continuous Tenses: Present participles are essential in forming continuous tenses, indicating actions that are ongoing. Example Sentences: She is studying for her exams. They have been working on the project for weeks. Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases: Present participles can be used in adverbs or adverbial phrases to modify verbs. Example Sentences: She worked on the assignment smiling confidently. The team practiced the routine while listening to music. Absolute Phrases: Present participles can be used in absolute phrases, providing additional information about the entire sentence. Example Sentence: Weather permitting, the event will be held outdoors. Noun Modifiers: Present participles can modify nouns, helping to describe or characterize them. Example Sentences: The racing car passed us on the highway. The giggling children played in the yard. Present Participle Past participles are verb forms that are often used to form perfect tenses (such as the present perfect or past perfect) and passive voice constructions. They can also function as adjectives. Here are detailed explanations and examples of past participles for advanced students: Formation: Regular Verbs: Most regular verbs form their past participles by adding "-ed" to the base form. Example: play → played, dance → danced Irregular Verbs: Irregular verbs have unique past participle forms that may not follow a consistent pattern. Example: run → run (irregular), swim → swum (irregular) Usage as an Adjective: Past participles can function as adjectives, providing additional information about a noun. Example Sentences: The broken window was replaced. The written report contained valuable insights. Participles in Verb Tenses: Present Perfect Tense: Past participles are used with the auxiliary verb "have" to form the present perfect tense. Example: She has traveled extensively. Past Perfect Tense: Past participles are used with the auxiliary verb "had" to form the past perfect tense. Example: They had finished their work before the meeting. Passive Voice: Past participles are used in passive voice constructions, where the focus is on the action rather than the doer. Example Sentences: The cake was baked by my sister. The book has been read by many people. Adverbial Use: Past participles can be used adverbially to add information about the action. Example Sentences: Surprised, she opened the gift. Exhausted, he collapsed on the sofa. Reduced Relative Clauses: Past participles are used to create reduced relative clauses, shortening descriptive clauses. Example Sentences: The man known for his generosity donated to the charity. The car driven by my brother needs repairs. Cleft Sentences: Past participles can be used in cleft sentences to emphasize a particular part of a sentence. Example Sentence: It was the report, written by the expert, that caught their attention. Noun Modifiers: Past participles can modify nouns, providing descriptive details. Example Sentences: The worn-out shoes needed replacing. The frozen lake was unsafe for skating. Participial Phrases: Past participles can be part of participial phrases, offering additional information. Example Sentences: Having finished his work, he left the office. Excited by the news, they prepared for the event. Reduced Adjective Clauses: Past participles can be used to reduce adjective clauses. Example Sentence: The woman seated at the corner table is a famous author. Causative Expressions: Past participles are used in causative expressions to indicate the cause of an action. Example Sentence: His remarks made her angry. Perfect Participle

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Rules for each part of speech with examples: Nouns: Rule: Nouns can function as subjects or objects in a sentence. Example: Mountain climbing requires physical strength. Rule: Abstract nouns represent ideas or concepts. Example: Freedom is a cherished value in society. Rule: Proper nouns refer to specific names and are capitalized. Example: My friend visited Paris last summer. Rule: Collective nouns represent groups of people or things. Example: The jury reached a unanimous decision. Rule: Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Example: I have two books (countable) to read and some information (uncountable) to share. Rule: Nouns can possessive forms to show ownership. Example: John's car is in the garage. Rule: Compound nouns combine two or more words to create a single noun. Example: She bought a toothbrush. Rule: Gerunds are verbs used as nouns, ending in "-ing." Example: Swimming is her favorite hobby. Rule: Nouns can be singular or plural. Example: The cat (singular) is playful. The cats (plural) are playful. Rule: Concrete nouns represent physical objects. Example: The table is made of wood. Pronouns: Rule: Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. Example: She went to the store, and I stayed at home. Rule: Reflexive pronouns indicate that the subject and object are the same. Example: She cut herself while cooking. Rule: Demonstrative pronouns point to specific things. Example: I prefer this book over that one. Rule: Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses. Example: The person who called is waiting outside. Rule: Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions. Example: What are you doing? Rule: Indefinite pronouns refer to nonspecific people or things. Example: Everyone is invited to the party. Rule: Reciprocal pronouns indicate a mutual action. Example: They hugged each other. Rule: Possessive pronouns show ownership. Example: The book is mine. Rule: Intensive pronouns emphasize a preceding noun. Example: I made the cake myself. Rule: Personal pronouns change form based on their role in the sentence. Example: She sees him every day. Verbs: Rule: Verbs express actions or states of being. Example: She runs every morning. Rule: Modal verbs indicate possibility, necessity, or ability. Example: You should complete the assignment. Rule: Transitive verbs require a direct object; intransitive verbs do not. Example: He ate (transitive) a sandwich. She slept (intransitive). Rule: Regular verbs form past tense by adding "-ed." Example: She walked to school yesterday. Rule: Irregular verbs have unique past tense forms. Example: I ate dinner an hour ago. Rule: Action verbs describe activities. Example: He jogged in the park. Rule: Stative verbs express states of being. Example: She knows the answer. Rule: Auxiliary verbs help form tenses and moods. Example: They are playing soccer. Rule: Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and one or more particles. Example: He looked up the word. Rule: Verbs can be infinitives, gerunds, or participles. Example: She likes to sing (infinitive). She enjoys singing (gerund). Adjectives: Rule: Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. Example: The blue sky is clear today. Rule: Comparative adjectives compare two things. Example: This book is more interesting than the last one. Rule: Superlative adjectives compare three or more things. Example: Mount Everest is the tallest mountain. Rule: Adjectives can be predicative or attributive. Example: The cake is delicious (attributive). The taste is delicious (predicative). Rule: Adjectives answer questions like "which," "what kind of," or "how many." Example: Whose car is parked outside? Adverbs: Rule: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Example: She spoke loudly. Rule: Adverbs often end in "-ly" but not always. Example: He ran quickly; she solved it fast. Rule: Adverbs of frequency describe how often an action occurs. Example: I always enjoy reading. Rule: Adverbs of manner explain how an action is performed. Example: The car moved gracefully down the road. Rule: Adverbs can express time, place, or degree. Example: She will come soon. Prepositions: Rule: Prepositions show relationships between words in a sentence. Example: The cat is sitting on the table. Rule: Prepositions can indicate time, place, direction, or manner. Example: He walked through the park. Rule: Some prepositions form idiomatic expressions. Example: They are interested in learning. Rule: Prepositions are not used to end sentences with. Example: This is the book I was looking for. Rule: The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun following it. Example: She is fond of chocolate. Conjunctions: Rule: Coordinating conjunctions connect similar elements. Example: I like both tea and coffee. Rule: Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses. Example: I'll go if you come with me. Rule: Correlative conjunctions come in pairs. Example: Either you finish the project, or I will. Rule: Conjunctions are used to express relationships between ideas. Example: He studied hard yet didn't pass. Rule: Some conjunctions are used in pairs to balance ideas. Example: She is not only a great singer but also a talented dancer.

Fill in the blanks where you need to identify and fill in the correct part of speech. Exercise: The ___________ (adjective) chef created a ___________ (noun) masterpiece that left everyone ___________ (adverb) impressed. Despite the ___________ (noun) in the economy, the ___________ (adjective) company managed to ___________ (verb) its market share. The speaker delivered an ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) presentation, leaving the audience ___________ (adjective). The ___________ (adjective) novelist used ___________ (adjective) language to describe the ___________ (noun) scenes in the ___________ (adjective) book. ___________ (pronoun) are often advised to diversify ___________ (pronoun) investments to mitigate ___________ (adjective) risks. The ___________ (adjective) scientist proposed a ___________ (adjective) hypothesis that could revolutionize ___________ (noun) understanding. The marathon runner trained ___________ (adverb) to enhance ___________ (pronoun) endurance and ___________ (verb) speed. The architect designed a ___________ (adjective) building that seamlessly blended ___________ (adjective) aesthetics with ___________ (adjective) functionality. The ___________ (adjective) musician played the ___________ (adjective) melody with ___________ (adjective) passion. The diplomat addressed the ___________ (adjective) assembly, emphasizing the need for ___________ (adjective) cooperation in addressing global ___________ (noun). The ___________ (noun) of the committee proposed a ___________ (adjective) plan to address the ___________ (adjective) issues. In the ___________ (adjective) forest, a ___________ (noun) of birds created a symphony of ___________ (adjective) sounds. The ___________ (adjective) lawyer presented a compelling ___________ (noun) that underscored the ___________ (adjective) nature of the case. The artist used ___________ (adjective) strokes to create a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) painting. The ___________ (adjective) athlete demonstrated ___________ (adjective) skill and ___________ (adjective) determination in the ___________ (adjective) competition. The ___________ (adjective) experiment yielded ___________ (adjective) results, leading to ___________ (adjective) conclusions. The ___________ (adjective) professor assigned ___________ (adjective) readings that challenged the students' ___________ (adjective) perspectives. The ___________ (adjective) politician advocated for ___________ (adjective) policies to address the ___________ (adjective) challenges facing the country. The ___________ (noun) of the novel crafted ___________ (adjective) characters that readers found ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective). The ___________ (adjective) journalist wrote an ___________ (adjective) article that investigated the ___________ (adjective) aspects of the ___________ (noun). The ___________ (adjective) fashion designer showcased a ___________ (adjective) collection that redefined ___________ (noun) trends. The ___________ (noun) of the orchestra played with ___________ (adjective) precision, creating a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) performance. The ___________ (adjective) entrepreneur founded a ___________ (noun) company that quickly gained ___________ (adjective) recognition. The ___________ (adjective) scientist conducted a ___________ (adjective) study to explore the ___________ (adjective) implications of the ___________ (noun). ___________ (pronoun) who ___________ (verb) early often ___________ (adverb) experience a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) start to the day. The ___________ (adjective) professor provided ___________ (adjective) insights into the ___________ (adjective) theories surrounding the ___________ (noun). The ___________ (adjective) film director crafted a ___________ (adjective) narrative that explored the ___________ (adjective) dimensions of human ___________ (noun). The ___________ (noun) discovered a ___________ (adjective) artifact that shed light on the ___________ (adjective) civilization. The ___________ (adjective) dancer moved with ___________ (adjective) grace, captivating the audience with ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) performances. The ___________ (adjective) entrepreneur navigated the ___________ (adjective) landscape of business, overcoming ___________ (adjective) challenges. The ___________ (adjective) poet penned ___________ (adjective) verses that reflected the ___________ (adjective) beauty of nature. The ___________ (adjective) detective meticulously examined ___________ (adjective) clues to solve the ___________ (adjective) mystery. In the ___________ (adjective) laboratory, scientists conducted ___________ (adjective) experiments to test ___________ (adjective) hypotheses. The ___________ (adjective) architect designed a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) structure that harmonized with the ___________ (adjective) surroundings. The ___________ (adjective) debate team presented ___________ (adjective) arguments to support their ___________ (adjective) position. The ___________ (adjective) photographer captured ___________ (adjective) moments that conveyed the ___________ (adjective) essence of the ___________ (noun). The ___________ (adjective) scholar delved into the ___________ (adjective) aspects of the ___________ (noun), offering ___________ (adjective) perspectives. The ___________ (adjective) technology transformed the ___________ (adjective) industry, introducing ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) innovations. The ___________ (adjective) musician composed a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) piece that resonated with ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) emotions. The ___________ (adjective) journalist interviewed ___________ (adjective) sources to uncover the ___________ (adjective) truth behind the ___________ (noun). Answers: The innovative chef created a culinary masterpiece that left everyone deeply impressed. Despite the fluctuations in the economy, the resilient company managed to retain its market share. The speaker delivered an insightful and engaging presentation, leaving the audience enthralled. The prolific novelist used evocative language to describe the vivid scenes in the captivating book. Investors are often advised to diversify their investments to mitigate potential risks. The visionary scientist proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis that could revolutionize scientific understanding. The marathon runner trained rigorously to enhance his endurance and increase speed. The architect designed a sustainable building that seamlessly blended modern aesthetics with functional features. The talented musician played the melancholic melody with intense passion. The diplomat addressed the global assembly, emphasizing the need for international cooperation in addressing global economic challenges. The chairperson of the committee proposed a comprehensive plan to address the pressing issues. In the serene forest, a chorus of birds created a symphony of melodic sounds. The eloquent lawyer presented a compelling legal argument that underscored the complex nature of the case. The artist used bold strokes to create a vibrant and expressive painting. The accomplished athlete demonstrated remarkable skill and unwavering determination in the challenging competition. The meticulous experiment yielded unexpected results, leading to intriguing conclusions. The perceptive professor assigned thought-provoking readings that challenged the students' preconceived perspectives. The visionary politician advocated for progressive policies to address the complex challenges facing the country. The author of the novel crafted multidimensional characters that readers found deeply and intrinsically interesting. The intrepid journalist wrote an investigative article that investigated the nuanced aspects of the political landscape. The innovative fashion designer showcased a bold collection that redefined contemporary trends. The members of the orchestra played with exquisite precision, creating a harmonious and captivating performance. The aspiring entrepreneur founded a startup company that quickly gained widespread recognition. The renowned scientist conducted a comprehensive study to explore the far-reaching implications of the groundbreaking research. Those who rise early often experience a productive and energetic start to the day. The erudite professor provided profound insights into the theoretical theories surrounding the philosophical implications of the existential dilemma. The visionary film director crafted a compelling narrative that explored the psychological dimensions of human experience. The archaeologist discovered a remarkable artifact that shed light on the mysterious civilization. The graceful dancer moved with effortless grace, captivating the audience with dynamic and emotionally charged performances. The astute entrepreneur navigated the complex landscape of business, overcoming myriad challenges. The lyrical poet penned evocative verses that reflected the transcendent beauty of nature. The dedicated detective meticulously examined subtle clues to solve the intricate mystery. In the cutting-edge laboratory, scientists conducted groundbreaking experiments to test innovative hypotheses. The innovative architect designed a sustainable and aesthetically pleasing structure that harmonized with the natural surroundings. The articulate debate team presented persuasive arguments to support their nuanced position. The intrepid photographer captured intimate moments that conveyed the sublime essence of the breathtaking landscape. The erudite scholar delved into the intricate aspects of the philosophical discourse, offering diverse perspectives. The disruptive technology transformed the dynamic industry, introducing revolutionary and cutting-edge innovations. The accomplished musician composed a hauntingly beautiful and emotionally charged piece that resonated with diverse and profound emotions. The investigative journalist interviewed reliable sources to uncover the complicated truth behind the intriguing case. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate part of speech to create coherent and grammatically correct sentences. Exercise: The ___________ (noun) gracefully ___________ (verb) across the ___________ (adjective) field, creating a sense of ___________ (emotion). With ___________ (adjective) determination, she ___________ (verb) her way through the ___________ (noun) of challenges, emerging ___________ (adjective) on the other side. The ___________ (adjective) aroma of freshly ___________ (verb) coffee filled the ___________ (noun) as customers ___________ (verb) their morning routine. The mysterious ___________ (noun) in the old ___________ (adjective) house elicited a feeling of ___________ (emotion) among the ___________ (noun). After a long and ___________ (adjective) journey, they finally reached the ___________ (noun), where the ___________ (adjective) landscape stretched as far as the eye could see. The ___________ (adjective) scientist eagerly ___________ (verb) the ___________ (noun) to discover ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) insights. In the quiet ___________ (noun), a soft and ___________ (adjective) melody played, creating an atmosphere of ___________ (emotion) and ___________ (emotion). The ___________ (adjective) skyscraper stood ___________ (adverb) against the backdrop of the bustling ___________ (noun) below. Despite facing numerous ___________ (adjective) obstacles, the ___________ (noun) continued to ___________ (verb) and ___________ (verb) toward their ___________ (noun). The ___________ (adjective) writer skillfully ___________ (verb) a ___________ (noun) that explored the ___________ (adjective) aspects of human ___________ (noun). As the sun set, casting a warm ___________ (color) glow, the couple shared a ___________ (adjective) moment of ___________ (emotion) on the ___________ (noun). The ___________ (noun) of the ancient ___________ (adjective) echoed through the ___________ (noun), evoking a sense of ___________ (emotion) and ___________ (emotion). With a sense of ___________ (emotion), the ___________ (noun) gracefully ___________ (verb) into the ___________ (noun) as the audience erupted in ___________ (emotion). The ___________ (adjective) detective meticulously examined the ___________ (adjective) clues, piecing together a ___________ (adjective) and ___________ (adjective) narrative. In the ___________ (adjective) garden, vibrant flowers ___________ (verb) in the gentle breeze, creating a tapestry of ___________ (color) and ___________ (emotion). Answers: The butterfly gracefully flitted across the verdant field, creating a sense of serenity. With unyielding determination, she forged her way through the maze of challenges, emerging victorious on the other side. The intoxicating aroma of freshly brewed coffee filled the cafe as customers commenced their morning routine. The mysterious artifact in the old abandoned house elicited a feeling of intrigue among the explorers. After a long and arduous journey, they finally reached the summit, where the majestic landscape stretched as far as the eye could see. The curious scientist eagerly analyzed the data to discover novel and groundbreaking insights. In the quiet meadow, a soft and melancholic melody played, creating an atmosphere of tranquility and nostalgia. The towering skyscraper stood silently against the backdrop of the bustling metropolis below. Despite facing numerous formidable obstacles, the team continued to persevere and progress toward their goal. The prolific writer skillfully crafted a novel that explored the complex aspects of human existence. As the sun set, casting a warm golden glow, the couple shared a intimate moment of joy on the beach. The echoes of the ancient civilization echoed through the canyon, evoking a sense of awe and wonder. With a sense of grace, the ballerina gracefully danced into the spotlight as the audience erupted in applause. The astute detective meticulously examined the cryptic clues, piecing together a compelling and intricate narrative. In the botanical garden, vibrant flowers swayed in the gentle breeze, creating a tapestry of color and beauty. Choose the most suitable option for each blank. Exercise: The ___________ (a) mysterious / (b) mysteriously / (c) mystery artifact in the old ___________ (a) abandon / (b) abandoned / (c) abandoning house elicited a feeling of ___________ (a) curious / (b) curiosity / (c) curiously among the ___________ (a) explore / (b) explorer / (c) exploring. Despite facing numerous ___________ (a) formidable / (b) formidably / (c) formidableness obstacles, the ___________ (a) team / (b) teamwork / (c) teaming continued to ___________ (a) persevere / (b) perseveringly / (c) perseverance and ___________ (a) progress / (b) progression / (c) progressional toward their ___________ (a) goal / (b) goaling / (c) goals. In the ___________ (a) quiet / (b) quietly / (c) quietness meadow, a soft and ___________ (a) melancholy / (b) melancholically / (c) melancholic melody played, creating an atmosphere of ___________ (a) tranquil / (b) tranquility / (c) tranquilly and ___________ (a) nostalgia / (b) nostalgically / (c) nostalgic. The ___________ (a) innovative / (b) innovatively / (c) innovation chef created a ___________ (a) culinary / (b) culinarily / (c) cuisine masterpiece that left everyone ___________ (a) deep / (b) deeply / (c) deepness impressed. The ___________ (a) intricate / (b) intricately / (c) intricacy experiment yielded ___________ (a) unexpected / (b) unexpectedly / (c) unexpectedness results, leading to ___________ (a) intriguing / (b) intriguingly / (c) intrigue conclusions. As the sun set, casting a warm ___________ (a) gold / (b) golden / (c) goldish glow, the couple shared a ___________ (a) intimate / (b) intimately / (c) intimacy moment of ___________ (a) joy / (b) joyous / (c) joyfulness on the ___________ (a) beach / (b) beachside / (c) beachy. The ___________ (a) articulate / (b) articulately / (c) articulation debate team presented ___________ (a) persuasive / (b) persuasively / (c) persuasion arguments to support their ___________ (a) nuanced / (b) nuance / (c) nuancedly position. The ___________ (a) visionary / (b) visionarily / (c) visionariness film director crafted a ___________ (a) compelling / (b) compellingly / (c) compellence narrative that explored the ___________ (a) psychological / (b) psychologically / (c) psychologic dimensions of human ___________ (a) experience / (b) experiencing / (c) experiential. The ___________ (a) astute / (b) astutely / (c) astuteness detective meticulously examined the ___________ (a) cryptic / (b) cryptically / (c) crypticness clues, piecing together a ___________ (a) complex / (b) complexly / (c) complexity and ___________ (a) intricate / (b) intricately / (c) intricateness narrative. In the ___________ (a) dynamic / (b) dynamically / (c) dynamism laboratory, scientists conducted ___________ (a) groundbreaking / (b) groundbreakingly / (c) groundbreak research to test ___________ (a) innovative / (b) innovatively / (c) innovation hypotheses. Answers: (b) mysteriously / (b) abandoned / (b) curiosity / (b) explorers. (a) formidable / (a) team / (a) persevere / (c) progress. (a) quiet / (b) melancholic / (b) tranquility / (c) nostalgic. (a) innovative / (a) culinary / (b) deeply. (c) intricacy / (a) unexpected / (c) intriguing. (b) golden / (a) intimate / (a) joy. (a) articulate / (b) persuasive / (c) nuanced. (a) visionary / (a) compelling / (a) psychological. (c) astuteness / (a) cryptic / (b) complexity / (c) intricate. (a) dynamic / (a) groundbreaking / (c) innovative.

1. Nouns: Usage Examples: Concrete Nouns: The mountain stood majestically against the sky. Abstract Nouns: His wisdom was evident in every decision he made. Countable Nouns: There were three apples on the table. Uncountable Nouns: She provided valuable advice before the interview. Collective Nouns: The jury reached a unanimous decision. Rules: Nouns can serve as subjects, objects, or possessive forms. Proper nouns are capitalized. Singular and plural forms indicate quantity. Collective nouns may take singular or plural verbs based on context. Abstract nouns express concepts and ideas. 2. Pronouns: Usage Examples: Personal Pronouns: She is an excellent singer. Possessive Pronouns: The car is mine. Relative Pronouns: The person who called left a message. Indefinite Pronouns: Some of the students completed their assignments. Reflexive Pronouns: The cat groomed itself. Rules: Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. Match the pronoun's gender and number with the noun it replaces. Use subjective pronouns for subjects and objective pronouns for objects. Possessive pronouns indicate ownership. Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. 3. Verbs: Usage Examples: Action Verbs: She runs five miles every morning. Linking Verbs: The flowers smell delightful. Modal Verbs: You can attend the meeting. Transitive Verbs: He bought a new car. Intransitive Verbs: The bird sings beautifully. Rules: Verbs express actions, states, or occurrences. Verbs must agree with the subject in number and person. Modal verbs indicate possibility, necessity, or ability. Transitive verbs require a direct object. Intransitive verbs do not require a direct object. 4. Adjectives: Usage Examples: Descriptive Adjectives: The sunset was beautiful. Demonstrative Adjectives: I like this book. Quantitative Adjectives: There were several options. Proper Adjectives: We enjoyed an Italian dinner. Interrogative Adjectives: Which car is yours? Rules: Adjectives modify or describe nouns or pronouns. Adjectives can be used to compare two or more things. They answer the questions: What kind? Which one? How many? Proper adjectives are derived from proper nouns. Interrogative adjectives introduce questions. 5. Adverbs: Usage Examples: Adverbs of Manner: She spoke loudly during the presentation. Adverbs of Frequency: He always arrives early. Adverbs of Time: We will meet soon. Adverbs of Degree: It was too hot outside. Conjunctive Adverbs: However, he decided to join the team. Rules: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs often end in -ly, indicating manner. Adverbs provide information about how, when, where, or to what extent. Adverbs of frequency describe how often an action occurs. Conjunctive adverbs connect clauses or sentences. 6. Prepositions: Usage Examples: The cat is on the roof. She walked through the forest. The book is under the table. We met at the coffee shop. He is passionate about environmental issues. Rules: Prepositions show the relationship between a noun/pronoun and other words in a sentence. They often indicate location, time, or direction. Prepositions are not used to end sentences with. Some prepositions form idiomatic expressions with certain words. The object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows it. 7. Conjunctions: Usage Examples: She likes both tea and coffee. I will go to the party if you come with me. He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study. Either you finish the project, or I will. They worked hard yet didn't succeed. Rules: Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions connect similar elements. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses. Correlative conjunctions come in pairs and connect similar words or groups of words. Conjunctions are used to express relationships between ideas. 8. Interjections: Usage Examples: Wow, that was an amazing performance! Oh, I see what you mean now. Alas, the treasure was never found. Yikes, that was a close call! Hooray, we won the championship! Rules: Interjections express strong emotions or reactions. They are often followed by exclamation points or commas. Interjections stand alone and are not grammatically connected to the rest of the sentence. The tone of an interjection contributes to the overall mood of the sentence. Interjections are used to convey feelings, surprise, or enthusiasm.