Graffiti in the July Uprising The July uprising in Bangladesh was a historic and life-changing event led mostly by brave students and ordinary citizens. During this difficult time, graffiti became a very powerful and creative tool for the youth. Instead of staying silent or using violence, young people took paintbrushes and colorful spray cans to the streets. They painted the blank walls of Dhaka and other major cities with strong, beautiful, and colorful messages. These graffitis were not just random drawings or ordinary street art; they were the true voice of the common people who wanted a better future. Through this art, the students expressed their deep anger, their sorrow for lost friends, and their strong hope for a new, fair society. The city streets quickly turned into open public art galleries that told the true story of the student movement. Even when people were afraid to speak out loud against injustice, the walls spoke loudly for them. The beautiful murals showed the brave faces of martyrs, bright national flags, and inspiring slogans of freedom and equality. For the ordinary citizens, like rickshaw pullers and office workers walking by, these paintings gave immense courage and a warm feeling of unity. They realized that the youth were fighting for everyone's rights. Graffiti during the July uprising proved that art and creativity can be just as strong as any physical weapon. It brought people together and kept the spirit of the protests alive during the darkest days. Today, these vibrant wall paintings remain as a proud and permanent memory of the student movement. They remind us of the time when the youth of Bangladesh stood together, painted their dreams on the walls, and successfully brought a positive change to their beloved motherland. The Role of Graffiti in the July Revolution Graffiti played a massive and unforgettable role during the July Revolution in Bangladesh. When regular communication was hard and the news was sometimes restricted, the city walls became the main and most trusted media for the protesting students. The primary role of this street art was to unite the people of the country. By reading the bold and clear slogans painted on the walls, ordinary people quickly understood exactly what the students were fighting for. Another big role of graffiti was keeping the spirit of the movement alive. The revolution faced many tough and scary days, but seeing the bright, hopeful art on the streets gave everyone fresh energy and motivation. The graffiti also acted as a very effective form of peaceful protest. The students did not need to use violence to show their anger; they used their artistic creativity instead. They drew funny cartoons to criticize bad decisions, wrote famous quotes to inspire others, and painted beautiful symbols of peace. Furthermore, graffiti documented the true history of the revolution right where it happened. Every single drawing holds a unique story of a specific demand or a specific tragic event. The role of these wall paintings was to educate the general public, inspire the tired protesters, and bring a whole nation together for a single, noble cause. When people felt hopeless, a simple look at a colorful wall gave them the strength to continue fighting for justice. In short, graffiti was the silent but most powerful speaker of the July Revolution. It proved that young minds armed with paint and brushes can change a society and make history without using any weapons. The Spirit of the July Uprising Through Street Art The July uprising was a time of great change and struggle, and street art captured its true and raw spirit perfectly. During those historic days, the walls of schools, colleges, universities, and main city roads were completely covered in beautiful and meaningful graffiti. This amazing art was created by ordinary students, many of whom had never even held a paintbrush before. They worked tirelessly day and night under the open sky. Many students even used their own pocket money to buy the necessary colors, spray cans, and brushes. The true spirit of the uprising was all about raising voices against extreme injustice, and the street art reflected exactly that feeling. Some graffitis showed the deep pain of losing close friends, featuring sad but very proud portraits of the brave martyrs who gave their lives for the country. Other murals were highly motivational, featuring powerful words like "Freedom," "Equality," "Justice," and "Reform." People from all walks of life—from poor working-class people to rich businessmen—would often stop on the streets and look at these walls with great respect. Looking at the art made them feel deeply connected to the struggling students. The street art brought a wonderful sense of brotherhood and togetherness among all the citizens. It was a clear sign that the youth of the country were finally awake, fearless, and completely ready to build a much better future. The spirit shown through these wall paintings was a spirit of pure patriotism. It proved that when young people are united by a strong dream, they can turn ordinary brick walls into incredible monuments of hope and bravery that inspire an entire nation. Wall Writing: The Voice of the July Revolution Wall writing, widely known as graffiti, acted as the most honest and fearless voice of the July Revolution in Bangladesh. During the tough days of the movement, the protesting students needed a safe and effective way to share their true thoughts with everyone. The long walls of the city provided the perfect blank canvas for them. The writings on the walls were simple, very easy to understand, but unbelievably powerful. The students used short rhythmic poems, sharp and catchy slogans, and even smart jokes to openly criticize the wrongdoings in the society. What made this wall writing so incredibly special was its complete honesty; it was the pure, unfiltered voice of the young and brave generation. Sometimes, the graffiti consisted of just one single word, but it carried a heavy meaning that touched every reader's heart. These writings also played a practical role by giving clear directions to the general public. The walls told people to stay united, remain peaceful, and not to give up hope. Whenever someone felt tired, scared, or hopeless during the protests, a quick look at the highly inspiring words on a nearby wall would instantly give them fresh strength and courage. The students successfully turned ordinary, lifeless brick walls into open books of history. These walls recorded the real feelings, the strict demands, and the ultimate glorious victory of the students. Wall writing was not just a hobby during the revolution; it was the main language of the movement. It made sure that the demands of the youth reached every corner of the country, echoing their voice loud and clear. Composition Graffiti and the July Uprising The July uprising in Bangladesh is a highly memorable chapter in the history of our country. This great movement was mostly led by the brave and ordinary students. During this difficult time, the whole world saw something very special. The students used graffiti and street art as a peaceful way to protest. The streets and long walls of the cities became a huge canvas for the young generation to show their true feelings. Before the movement started, most of the city walls were covered with dirty commercial posters or useless writings. The protesting students took the responsibility to clean these walls with their own hands. They brought bright colors, paintbrushes, and spray cans to the streets. Working together under the open sky, they started painting beautiful pictures and writing meaningful messages. It was a wonderful display of teamwork and true brotherhood. The themes of their wall paintings were very touching and deeply emotional. They drew the brave faces of the martyrs who lost their precious lives during the protests. They did this so that the nation would never forget their supreme sacrifice. They also painted the national flag with great pride, showing their deep love for the motherland. Everywhere you looked, there were clear messages demanding justice, freedom, and a corruption-free society. The impact of this street art on the ordinary public was truly magical. When regular people like office workers, shopkeepers, and rickshaw pullers walked by, they stopped to read the walls. These colorful paintings helped to clear any confusion about the movement. The public easily understood that the young students were fighting for a very logical and honest cause. It inspired thousands of citizens to step out and support the youth. What makes this graffiti so special is that it was a completely peaceful weapon. Instead of breaking things or showing violent anger, the students showed their creativity. They proved that a simple paintbrush could be much stronger than any physical weapon. Even during the most frightening days of the uprising, seeing a beautifully painted wall gave the students and the public fresh courage to keep fighting. In the end, the graffiti of the July uprising was much more than just a hobby for the youth. It was the loud and fearless voice of a newly awakened generation. These colourful walls will always remain as a proud symbol of the students' sacrifice, patriotism, and victory. Even years from now, these beautiful artworks will remind everyone of how the brave youth of Bangladesh painted a new future for their country. The Role of Graffiti in the July Revolution Revolutions are normally fought with loud rallies, physical protests, and long speeches. However, the July Revolution in Bangladesh showed the entire world a completely different kind of power. This was the power of art and creativity. During this historic movement, graffiti played an incredibly important role. It acted as the silent yet roaring voice of the young students, guiding the whole nation toward a common dream of justice and reform. One of the biggest roles of graffiti was acting as an honest medium of mass communication. During the tough days of the revolution, getting true information was sometimes very difficult. In such challenging times, the wide walls of the city became the most trusted newspaper for the public. The students used these walls to clearly write down their main demands and future plans. A bold message painted on a busy road quickly informed thousands of people. Another major role of this street art was keeping the spirit of the protests alive. The revolution was not easy, and the students had to face many days of fear, sadness, and extreme exhaustion. In those dark moments, seeing a bright, hopeful slogan on the wall worked like magic. Messages like "Do Not Fear" or "We Will Win" gave the protesters a massive boost of energy and the courage to continue their fight. Graffiti also played a beautiful role in uniting the different classes of society. Through simple poems, sharp slogans, and emotional drawings, the students connected their hearts with the general public. An ordinary citizen looking at the wall instantly felt a strong bond with the protesting youth. The art helped bridge the gap between the students and the older generation, bringing the entire country together for a single, noble cause. Furthermore, these wall paintings worked as a live historical diary of the revolution. Instead of writing the history in books, the students painted it directly on the streets. Every drawing, every cartoon mocking corruption, and every portrait of a martyr told a specific story of that time. These creative artworks documented the true feelings, the deep pain, and the strong determination of the young generation right where the events happened. Ultimately, the role of graffiti in the July Revolution was historical and truly game-changing. It was a completely peaceful form of rebellion that earned immense respect from everyone. The students successfully turned the dull, gray walls of the city into vibrant symbols of hope, struggle, and eventual victory. This street art proved that young minds, armed only with paint and brushes, possess the ultimate power to unite a nation and bring a successful revolution. Essay Graffiti and the July Uprising Introduction: The July uprising is a golden chapter in the history of Bangladesh, driven by the courage of the students and the general public. During this monumental time, graffiti emerged as a unique and powerful medium of expression. The streets of the country, especially in the capital city, transformed into a massive canvas where the youth painted their dreams, frustrations, and demands for justice. The Emergence of Street Art: Before the uprising, city walls were mostly filled with commercial posters or random writings. However, as the movement grew, students took it upon themselves to clean the walls and decorate them with meaningful art. Using vibrant colors, they drew images that represented their struggle. They did not do this for money or fame; they did it to make their voices heard. Students from all different backgrounds worked together under the open sky, creating a strong bond of brotherhood and teamwork. Themes and Messages: The graffiti during the July uprising carried deep emotional and social messages. A major theme was the sacrifice of the students. Many walls featured the faces of the martyrs who lost their lives during the protests, ensuring they would never be forgotten by the nation. Other themes included equality, freedom of speech, and the fight against corruption. The artworks often included the national flag, symbolizing a deep love for the motherland. The messages were written in easy, touching language so that every person could understand them. Impact on the Public: The impact of this graffiti on the ordinary people was huge. When people walked down the streets and saw the beautiful, thought-provoking art, they felt inspired. It helped to clear up any misunderstandings about the student movement. The public realized that the students were fighting for a logical and just cause. The colorful walls gave hope to the citizens during dark and scary times, uniting the whole nation in a peaceful way. Conclusion: In conclusion, graffiti was not just an artistic hobby during the July uprising; it was a peaceful weapon of protest. It showed the world the immense creativity, intelligence, and patriotism of the Bangladeshi youth. Even years from now, the stories of the revolution will be remembered through these colourful walls. The graffiti of the July uprising will forever remain a symbol of courage and a newly awakened nation. The Role of Graffiti in the July Revolution Introduction: Revolutions are often fought with protests, rallies, and speeches, but the July Revolution in Bangladesh showed the world a different kind of weapon: art. Graffiti played an incredibly important role in this historical movement. It acted as the silent yet roaring voice of the students, guiding the nation toward a common goal of justice and reform. A Tool for Communication: During the revolution, getting the right message to the mass people was very important. Sometimes, regular news or the internet was restricted. In such times, the walls of the city became the most reliable newspaper. Graffiti was used to inform the public about the students' demands and their future plans. A simple, bold slogan painted on a busy street corner could communicate a powerful message to thousands of people in just one day, keeping everyone updated. Peaceful Protest and Creativity: The most beautiful role of graffiti was that it kept the protests peaceful. Instead of resorting to destructive activities to show their anger, the students channeled their emotions into creativity. They used paint to fight against injustice. They drew cartoons that mocked wrongdoing and wrote poems that touched the soul. This creative approach earned the students a lot of respect and support from the older generations. It proved that the youth were thoughtful, creative, and civilized in demanding their rights. Motivation and Moral Support: The revolution was not easy, and there were times of great fear and sadness. The graffiti played a crucial role in boosting the morale of the protesters. Seeing the walls decorated with messages like "We Will Win" or "Fear Nothing" gave the students the courage to keep going. It acted as a constant reminder of why they started the movement in the first place. The art provided emotional healing to those who had lost friends, turning their grief into a source of immense strength. Conclusion: Ultimately, the role of graffiti in the July Revolution was historical and game-changing. It was a medium of communication, a form of peaceful rebellion, and a source of boundless inspiration. The students turned the gray, lifeless walls of the city into a vibrant diary of their struggle and victory. This street art successfully connected the hearts of millions, proving that a brush and a spray can possess the power to unite a nation and bring about a true revolution. From EFT Class 9 Disturbing the Comfortable, Comforting the Disturbed “Art should comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable,” writes the pseudonymous street artist Banksy—a sentiment that encapsulates the spirit of graffiti’s defiance. On 17 July 2024, Abu Sayeed, an unarmed organizer of the student movement for quota reform at Begum Rokeya University in Rangpur, was shot and killed by police as he stood with his arms stretched out, leaving his mother, Monowara Begum, shell-shocked and crying, “My son only wanted a job; if you don’t want to give him a job, then don’t—but why did you kill him?” Since the 1960s, graffiti in Bangladesh has served as a powerful voice for resistance. In 1966, student activists spray-painted slogans like “Down with Ayub Khan” on walls, using graffiti as a covert means of protest against a repressive regime. When military forces approached, they shouted “chika! chika!”—a word meaning jackal or muskrat—pretending they were killing rodents to disguise their actions. This guerrilla tactic marked the beginning of graffiti as a tool of dissent in Bangladesh, and it played a crucial role in the Liberation War in 1971. In recent times, graffiti has resurfaced as a powerful expression of dissent, particularly during the July uprising. Spray-painted messages like “The country is nobody’s father” invoked the legacy of past movements, echoing the iconic “Gonotantra Mukti Paak” (Let Democracy Be Free), famously written on the body of protester Noor Hossain during the Ershad regime. Each stroke of paint carried forward a history of defiance that has shaped Bangladesh’s political landscape, drawing connections between past and present struggles for justice. Wall art depicting iconic moments of the July uprising Graffiti’s potency lies in its subversive, guerrilla nature. Unlike wall art, which is typically organized and sanctioned, graffiti thrives on immediacy, spontaneity, and the risk of persecution. Where wall art may take time and care, graffiti is often quick, requiring speed and anonymity due to the threat of detection. Its purpose is to challenge power, counter surveillance, and inscribe messages that are otherwise censored or suppressed. The July uprising brought new dimensions to this medium of dissent. Spray-painted slogans defied erasure, embodying collective rage and revolutionary solidarity. Demands like “Ek dofa, ek dabi—shoirachar tui kobe jabi?” (One demand, one condition—when will you leave, dictator?) surfaced as cries for justice, echoing the French philosopher Jacques Derrida’s assertion that “What cannot be said... must not be silenced but written.” A strong sense of inclusivity was also reflected in the wall art and graffiti during and after the July uprising, which highlighted the struggles of marginalized and minoritized people. Numerous graffiti and wall art pieces not only called for justice but also carried a broader message of liberation: “Not a land of one nation, Bangladesh is a land of many communities.” This symbolized the interconnected struggles of all communities, underscoring the message that our collective liberation is intertwined, with the fight for justice uniting people across regions and backgrounds. The true power of graffiti lies in its resilience; it persists as a medium for revolutionary memory and collective consciousness. It speaks for those silenced, ensures the struggles of the marginalized endure, and, as Banksy’s words suggest, comforts the disturbed while disturbing the comfortable. 🖌️ History of Graffiti 📌 English Version (Easy 1500 Words) Introduction Graffiti is a form of visual art that is created by writing or drawing on walls, buildings, trains, or other public places. It is often done using spray paint, markers, or even scratching surfaces. Graffiti is one of the oldest forms of human expression. It shows people’s thoughts, emotions, protests, and creativity. Today, graffiti is seen both as street art and as a cultural movement around the world. Early History of Graffiti The history of graffiti is very old. It goes back thousands of years. Ancient humans used to draw pictures on cave walls. These drawings showed animals, hunting scenes, and daily life activities. For example, the cave paintings in France and Spain are some of the earliest forms of graffiti-like art. In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, people also wrote on walls. Soldiers, travelers, and ordinary citizens carved messages or drawings on stone walls. These writings included love messages, political opinions, and jokes. In the ruins of Pompeii, many graffiti writings are still visible today. This proves that graffiti has been part of human society for a long time. Graffiti in the Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, graffiti continued in churches, castles, and public buildings. Pilgrims and travelers often wrote their names or symbols on walls. Some of these markings are still preserved today. Although graffiti was not considered formal art at that time, it was still a way for people to express themselves. Modern Graffiti Movement Modern graffiti began in the 20th century, especially in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States. Cities like New York became the center of graffiti culture. Young people started writing their names or “tags” on subway trains and walls. These tags were simple signatures, but they spread quickly across cities. Graffiti became a form of identity for urban youth. It was often connected with hip-hop culture, which also included rap music, breakdancing, and DJing. Artists used graffiti to express their feelings about society, poverty, injustice, and life in the city. Some famous graffiti artists like Taki 183 became well known because of their repeated tags in public places. Soon, graffiti evolved from simple writing into colorful murals and complex artwork. Graffiti as Art In the 1980s and 1990s, graffiti started gaining recognition as a real art form. Artists began using more colors, styles, and techniques. Walls became large canvases for creative expression. Graffiti was no longer just writing names; it became powerful visual storytelling. Many cities around the world started allowing legal graffiti walls where artists could paint freely. Museums and galleries also began to display graffiti-inspired artwork. This helped graffiti gain respect in the art world. Graffiti and Society Graffiti has always had a strong connection with society. Some people see it as vandalism because it is often done without permission. Others see it as an important form of free expression. Graffiti is often used to protest against political issues, social injustice, and inequality. In many countries, graffiti has been used to spread messages about freedom, human rights, and social change. It gives a voice to people who may not have other ways to express themselves. Graffiti Today Today, graffiti is a global phenomenon. It can be found in almost every country. With the rise of social media, graffiti artists can now share their work with millions of people online. Street art festivals are also held in many cities. Modern graffiti includes digital graffiti, 3D street art, and large mural paintings. Some graffiti artists are now internationally famous and earn money through their artwork. However, illegal graffiti is still a problem in many cities, and governments try to control it. At the same time, legal street art projects are increasing. Conclusion Graffiti has a long and rich history. It started from ancient cave paintings and evolved into modern street art. It reflects human creativity, emotions, and social voices. Although it is sometimes controversial, graffiti remains an important part of global art and culture. It continues to grow and change with time, showing that art can exist everywhere—even on the walls of our cities. Part 1: The Uprising & Revolution (Nouns) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 1 Uprising অভ্যুত্থান 26 Oppression নিপীড়ন / অত্যাচার 2 Revolution বিপ্লব 27 Brutality নিষ্ঠুরতা / পাশবিকতা 3 Movement আন্দোলন 28 Cruelty নির্দয়তা 4 Protest প্রতিবাদ 29 Atrocity নৃশংসতা 5 Rally সমাবেশ 30 Victim শিকার / ভুক্তভোগী 6 March পদযাত্রা / মিছিল 31 Martyr শহীদ 7 Demonstration বিক্ষোভ প্রদর্শন 32 Sacrifice আত্মত্যাগ 8 Agitation আলোড়ন / বিক্ষোভ 33 Bloodshed রক্তপাত 9 Slogan স্লোগান / ধ্বনি 34 Massacre গণহত্যা / নির্বিচার হত্যা 10 Banner ব্যানার 35 Casualties হতাহত 11 Placard প্ল্যাকার্ড 36 Victory বিজয় 12 Barricade ব্যারিকেড / প্রতিবন্ধক 37 Triumph উল্লাসপূর্ণ বিজয় 13 Curfew কারফিউ / সান্ধ্য আইন 38 Freedom স্বাধীনতা 14 Tear gas কাঁদানে গ্যাস 39 Liberty মুক্তি 15 Rubber bullet রাবার বুলেট 40 Justice ন্যায়বিচার 16 Dictator একনায়ক / স্বৈরশাসক 41 Equality সমতা 17 Autocracy স্বৈরতন্ত্র 42 Discrimination বৈষম্য 18 Fascism ফ্যাসিবাদ 43 Quota system কোটা ব্যবস্থা 19 Regime শাসনকাল / সরকার ব্যবস্থা 44 Reform সংস্কার 20 Authority কর্তৃপক্ষ 45 Solidarity সংহতি / একতা 21 Corruption দুর্নীতি 46 Brotherhood ভ্রাতৃত্ববোধ 22 Embezzlement আত্মসাৎ 47 Awakening জাগরণ 23 Injustice অন্যায় 48 Turmoil অশান্তি / তোলপাড় 24 Deprivation বঞ্চনা 49 Chaos বিশৃঙ্খলা 25 Discrimination বৈষম্য 50 Resistance প্রতিরোধ Part 2: Graffiti & Art (Nouns) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 51 Graffiti দেয়াল লিখন / গ্রাফিতি 76 Caricature ব্যঙ্গচিত্র 52 Street art পথশিল্প 77 Symbol প্রতীক 53 Mural দেয়ালচিত্র 78 Motif মূলভাব / নকশা 54 Canvas চিত্রপট / ক্যানভাস 79 Metaphor রূপক 55 Paint রং 80 Satire ব্যঙ্গ / বিদ্রূপ 56 Spray can স্প্রে ক্যান 81 Irony পরিহাস 57 Paintbrush তুলি 82 Masterpiece শিল্পকর্মের শ্রেষ্ঠ নিদর্শন 58 Pigment রঞ্জক পদার্থ 83 Aesthetics নান্দনিকতা 59 Stroke আঁচড় 84 Creativity সৃজনশীলতা 60 Outline রূপরেখা 85 Imagination কল্পনাশক্তি 61 Sketch খসড়া চিত্র / স্কেচ 86 Expression প্রকাশ / অভিব্যক্তি 62 Drawing অঙ্কন 87 Message বার্তা 63 Portrait প্রতিকৃতি 88 Quote উক্তি 64 Calligraphy ক্যালিগ্রাফি / চারুলিপি 89 Text লেখা / পাঠ্য 65 Typography মুদ্রণশৈলী 90 Visuals দৃশ্যমান বিষয়বস্তু 66 Wall writing দেয়াল লিখন 91 Depiction চিত্রায়ন 67 Streetscape রাস্তার দৃশ্য 92 Representation প্রতিনিধিত্ব / উপস্থাপন 68 Public space জনসমাগম স্থান 93 Imagery চিত্রকল্প 69 Exhibition প্রদর্শনী 94 Tribute শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি 70 Gallery গ্যালারি 95 Memorial স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ 71 Vandalism ভাঙচুর / ধ্বংসলীলা 96 Monument স্মৃতিচিহ্ন 72 Defacement বিকৃতকরণ 97 Masterwork অসামান্য সৃষ্টি 73 Censorship সেন্সরশিপ / বাক্‌রোধ 98 Perspective দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি 74 Whitewash চুনকাম করা (লুকানো) 99 Protest art প্রতিবাদী শিল্প 75 Eradication মূলোৎপাটন 100 Talent প্রতিভা Part 3: Action Verbs (The Doing Words) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 101 To protest প্রতিবাদ করা 126 To oppress অত্যাচার করা 102 To rebel বিদ্রোহ করা 127 To attack আক্রমণ করা 103 To revolt অভ্যুত্থান করা 128 To shoot গুলি করা 104 To resist প্রতিরোধ করা 129 To injure আহত করা 105 To defy অমান্য করা / উপেক্ষা করা 130 To bleed রক্তপাত হওয়া 106 To demand দাবি করা 131 To sacrifice ত্যাগ স্বীকার করা 107 To chant স্লোগান দেওয়া 132 To mourn শোক প্রকাশ করা 108 To march কুচকাওয়াজ করা 133 To grieve বিলাপ করা 109 To gather জড়ো হওয়া 134 To remember স্মরণ করা 110 To assemble সমবেত হওয়া 135 To commemorate স্মৃতিচারণ করা 111 To mobilize সংগঠিত করা 136 To paint রং করা 112 To unite ঐক্যবদ্ধ হওয়া 137 To draw আঁকা 113 To inspire অনুপ্রাণিত করা 138 To spray স্প্রে করা 114 To motivate উৎসাহিত করা 139 To sketch স্কেচ করা 115 To awaken জাগ্রত করা 140 To depict চিত্রিত করা 116 To overthrow উৎখাত করা 141 To portray তুলে ধরা 117 To topple পতন ঘটানো 142 To express প্রকাশ করা 118 To resign পদত্যাগ করা 143 To articulate সুষ্পষ্টভাবে ব্যক্ত করা 119 To flee পালিয়ে যাওয়া 144 To highlight আলোকপাত করা 120 To step down ক্ষমতা ছেড়ে দেওয়া 145 To expose উন্মোচন করা 121 To surrender আত্মসমর্পণ করা 146 To condemn নিন্দা করা 122 To suppress দমন করা 147 To criticize সমালোচনা করা 123 To crack down কঠোর ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া 148 To ridicule উপহাস করা 124 To silence চুপ করানো 149 To transform রূপান্তরিত করা 125 To censor সেন্সর করা 150 To restore পুনরুদ্ধার করা Part 4: Powerful Adjectives (Describing Words) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 151 Historic ঐতিহাসিক 176 Colorful রঙিন 152 Unprecedented নজিরবিহীন 177 Vibrant প্রাণবন্ত 153 Massive ব্যাপক / বিশাল 178 Monochromatic একরঙা 154 Nationwide দেশব্যাপী 179 Expressive ভাবপূর্ণ 155 Peaceful শান্তিপূর্ণ 180 Poignant হৃদয়গ্রাহী / মর্মস্পর্শী 156 Non-violent অহিংস 181 Moving আবেগপূর্ণ 157 Violent সহিংস 182 Touching হৃদয়স্পর্শী 158 Bloody রক্তক্ষয়ী 183 Striking নজরকাড়া 159 Tragic মর্মান্তিক 184 Eye-catching দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণকারী 160 Heartbreaking হৃদয়বিদারক 185 Provocative উসকানিমূলক 161 Courageous সাহসী 186 Subversive ধ্বংসাত্মক (ইতিবাচক অর্থে) 162 Brave বীরত্বপূর্ণ 187 Satirical ব্যঙ্গাত্মক 163 Fearless নির্ভীক 188 Deep গভীর 164 Heroic বীরোচিত 189 Meaningful অর্থবহ 165 Patriotic দেশপ্রেমিক 190 Symbolic প্রতীকী 166 Passionate আবেগপ্রবণ 191 Spontaneous স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত 167 Furious ক্ষিপ্ত 192 Authentic অকৃত্রিম 168 Angry রাগান্বিত 193 Raw কাঁচা / আসল রূপ 169 Resilient স্থিতিস্থাপক / ঘুরে দাঁড়ানো 194 Unfiltered ছাঁকনিহীন / অবিকৃত 170 Unyielding অদম্য / অনমনীয় 195 Unified ঐক্যবদ্ধ 171 Relentless নিরলস 196 Indomitable অদম্য 172 Unstoppable অপ্রতিরোধ্য 197 Authoritarian স্বৈরতান্ত্রিক 173 Victorious বিজয়ী 198 Corrupt দুর্নীতিগ্রস্ত 174 Triumphant বিজয়োল্লাসিত 199 Unjust অন্যায্য 175 Bold সাহসী (শিল্পের ক্ষেত্রে) 200 Brutal পৈশাচিক Part 5: Phrasal Verbs & Collocations (শব্দগুচ্ছ) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 201 Break out প্রাদুর্ভাব ঘটা / ছড়িয়ে পড়া 226 Look forward to অধীর আগ্রহে অপেক্ষা করা 202 Bring down পতন ঘটানো 227 Rise up রুখে দাঁড়ানো 203 Call for দাবি করা / আহ্বান করা 228 Set fire to আগুন ধরিয়ে দেওয়া 204 Carry on চালিয়ে যাওয়া 229 Spark off সূত্রপাত ঘটানো 205 Clamp down on কঠোরভাবে দমন করা 230 Stand against বিরুদ্ধে দাঁড়ানো 206 Come together একত্রিত হওয়া 231 Stand for সমর্থন করা / প্রতীক হওয়া 207 Cover up ধামাচাপা দেওয়া 232 Stand out চোখে পড়া 208 Cry out against তীব্র প্রতিবাদ করা 233 Stand up for পক্ষে দাঁড়ানো 209 Die down প্রশমিত হওয়া 234 Step down পদত্যাগ করা 210 Draw attention to দৃষ্টি আকর্ষণ করা 235 Take over দখল নেওয়া 211 Fight back পাল্টা লড়াই করা 236 Tear down ভেঙে ফেলা 212 Fight for জন্য লড়াই করা 237 Turn into পরিণত হওয়া 213 Give in বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা 238 Turn out উপস্থিত হওয়া / পরিণত হওয়া 214 Give up হাল ছেড়ে দেওয়া 239 Wipe out নিশ্চিহ্ন করা 215 Go down in history ইতিহাসে স্মরণীয় হয়ে থাকা 240 Mass awakening গণজাগরণ 216 Hand over হস্তান্তর করা 241 Peaceful demonstration শান্তিপূর্ণ সমাবেশ 217 Hold back আটকে রাখা 242 Brutal crackdown পৈশাচিক দমনপীড়ন 218 Join in অংশগ্রহণ করা 243 Supreme sacrifice সর্বোচ্চ আত্মত্যাগ 219 Keep on চালিয়ে যাওয়া 244 Reign of terror ত্রাসের রাজত্ব 220 Lay down বিসর্জন দেওয়া 245 Fundamental rights মৌলিক অধিকার 221 Lead to পরিচালিত করা / কারণ হওয়া 246 Social justice সামাজিক ন্যায়বিচার 222 Leave behind ফেলে যাওয়া 247 Freedom of speech বাকস্বাধীনতা 223 Lift up তুলে ধরা 248 Unsung heroes পর্দার আড়ালের নায়ক 224 Look back ফিরে তাকানো 249 Visual representation দৃশ্যমান উপস্থাপন 225 Look down upon অবজ্ঞা করা 250 Public outrage জনরোষ Part 6: Idioms & High-Level Phrases (উচ্চতর বাক্যাংশ) No. English Word Bengali Translation No. English Word Bengali Translation 251 Take to the streets রাস্তায় নেমে আসা 276 Dawn of a new era নতুন যুগের সূচনা 252 Raise a voice সোচ্চার হওয়া 277 Rise from the ashes ধ্বংসস্তূপ থেকে জেগে ওঠা 253 Stand shoulder to shoulder কাঁধে কাঁধ মিলিয়ে দাঁড়ানো 278 Against all odds সকল প্রতিকূলতা পেরিয়ে 254 Fight for justice ন্যায়বিচারের জন্য লড়াই 279 Stand one's ground নিজের অবস্থানে অনড় থাকা 255 Shed blood রক্ত ঝরানো 280 Hold the line প্রতিরোধ ধরে রাখা 256 Lay down one's life জীবন উৎসর্গ করা 281 Spark a revolution বিপ্লবের স্ফুলিঙ্গ জ্বালানো 257 Pay the ultimate price সর্বোচ্চ মূল্য চোকাণো (মৃত্যু) 282 Catch fire (metaphor) দ্রুত ছড়িয়ে পড়া 258 Turn the tide মোড় ঘুরিয়ে দেওয়া 283 Voices of the unheard শোষিতদের কণ্ঠস্বর 259 Bring down a regime শাসকের পতন ঘটানো 284 The writing on the wall আসন্ন পতনের পূর্বাভাস 260 Break the silence নীরবতা ভাঙা 285 Paint a picture of চিত্র তুলে ধরা 261 Speak truth to power শাসকের মুখের ওপর সত্য বলা 286 Bring to light প্রকাশ্যে আনা / উন্মোচিত করা 262 Paint the town red (রূপক) উল্লাস করা 287 Open people's eyes মানুষের চোখ খুলে দেওয়া 263 Leave a mark ছাপ রেখে যাওয়া 288 Touch a chord মনে দাগ কাটা 264 Etched in memory স্মৃতিতে খোদাই করা 289 Speak volumes অনেক কিছু প্রকাশ করা 265 A beacon of hope আশার আলো 290 Beyond words বর্ণনাতীত 266 Light at the end of the tunnel সুদিনের আশা 291 Picture speaks a thousand words একটি ছবি হাজার শব্দের সমান 267 Wind of change পরিবর্তনের হাওয়া 292 Force to be reckoned with অপ্রতিরোধ্য শক্তি 268 Wave of protests প্রতিবাদের ঢেউ 293 Turning point মোড় ঘোরানোর মুহূর্ত 269 Mass uprising গণ অভ্যুত্থান 294 History in the making ইতিহাস রচনা হওয়া 270 Show of strength শক্তি প্রদর্শন 295 Solidarity forever চিরন্তন সংহতি 271 Iron fist কঠোর হাতে দমন 296 United we stand, divided we fall একতাই বল 272 Blood, sweat, and tears অক্লান্ত পরিশ্রম ও ত্যাগ 297 Power to the people সকল ক্ষমতার উৎস জনগণ 273 Fall from grace সম্মান বা ক্ষমতা হারানো 298 Fight the good fight ন্যায়ের পথে সংগ্রাম করা 274 A heavy heart ভারাক্রান্ত মন 299 Ray of hope আশার কিরণ 275 Keep the flame alive চেতনা জাগ্রত রাখা 🖌️ গ্রাফিতির ইতিহাস (Bangla Translation) 📌 ভূমিকা গ্রাফিতি হলো এক ধরনের ভিজ্যুয়াল আর্ট, যা দেয়াল, ভবন, ট্রেন বা অন্যান্য জনসমাগম স্থানে লেখা বা ছবি আঁকার মাধ্যমে তৈরি করা হয়। এটি সাধারণত স্প্রে পেইন্ট, মার্কার বা খোদাই করে করা হয়। গ্রাফিতি মানুষের প্রাচীনতম অভিব্যক্তির একটি রূপ। এটি মানুষের চিন্তা, অনুভূতি, প্রতিবাদ ও সৃজনশীলতা প্রকাশ করে। বর্তমানে গ্রাফিতি স্ট্রিট আর্ট এবং একটি সাংস্কৃতিক আন্দোলন হিসেবে সারা বিশ্বে পরিচিত। 📌 প্রাচীন ইতিহাস গ্রাফিতির ইতিহাস অনেক পুরোনো। এটি হাজার হাজার বছর আগে শুরু হয়েছিল। প্রাচীন মানুষ গুহার দেয়ালে ছবি আঁকত। এই ছবিগুলোতে পশু, শিকার এবং দৈনন্দিন জীবনের দৃশ্য দেখা যেত। ফ্রান্স ও স্পেনের গুহাচিত্রগুলো গ্রাফিতির প্রাচীনতম উদাহরণ। প্রাচীন মিশর, গ্রিস ও রোমেও মানুষ দেয়ালে লিখত বা ছবি আঁকত। সৈন্য, ভ্রমণকারী ও সাধারণ মানুষ পাথরের দেয়ালে বার্তা বা ছবি খোদাই করত। এর মধ্যে প্রেমের বার্তা, রাজনৈতিক মতামত এবং রসিকতা থাকত। পম্পেই শহরের ধ্বংসাবশেষে আজও অনেক গ্রাফিতি দেখা যায়। 📌 মধ্যযুগে গ্রাফিতি মধ্যযুগে চার্চ, দুর্গ ও সরকারি ভবনে গ্রাফিতি চলতে থাকে। তীর্থযাত্রী ও ভ্রমণকারীরা দেয়ালে তাদের নাম বা চিহ্ন লিখত। যদিও তখন এটি আনুষ্ঠানিক শিল্প হিসেবে গণ্য হতো না, তবুও এটি মানুষের আত্মপ্রকাশের মাধ্যম ছিল। 📌 আধুনিক গ্রাফিতি আধুনিক গ্রাফিতি শুরু হয় ২০ শতকে, বিশেষ করে ১৯৬০ ও ১৯৭০-এর দশকে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে। নিউ ইয়র্ক শহর গ্রাফিতি সংস্কৃতির কেন্দ্র হয়ে ওঠে। তরুণরা সাবওয়ে ট্রেন ও দেয়ালে নিজেদের নাম লিখতে শুরু করে, যাকে “ট্যাগ” বলা হয়। ধীরে ধীরে এটি হিপ-হপ সংস্কৃতির অংশ হয়ে ওঠে। শিল্পীরা সমাজ, দারিদ্র্য, অবিচার ও শহুরে জীবনের অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করতে শুরু করে। 📌 গ্রাফিতি শিল্প হিসেবে ১৯৮০ ও ১৯৯০-এর দশকে গ্রাফিতি একটি শিল্পরূপ হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি পেতে শুরু করে। শিল্পীরা রঙ, স্টাইল ও নতুন কৌশল ব্যবহার করতে থাকে। দেয়ালগুলো বড় ক্যানভাসে পরিণত হয়। অনেক শহরে এখন বৈধ গ্রাফিতি দেওয়াল রয়েছে যেখানে শিল্পীরা স্বাধীনভাবে আঁকতে পারে। 📌 সমাজ ও গ্রাফিতি গ্রাফিতি সমাজের সঙ্গে গভীরভাবে যুক্ত। কেউ কেউ একে ভাঙচুর মনে করে, আবার কেউ একে স্বাধীন মতপ্রকাশের মাধ্যম হিসেবে দেখে। এটি অনেক সময় রাজনৈতিক প্রতিবাদ ও সামাজিক অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে ব্যবহার হয়। 📌 বর্তমান গ্রাফিতি আজ গ্রাফিতি একটি বৈশ্বিক শিল্প। সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ার মাধ্যমে শিল্পীরা তাদের কাজ সারা বিশ্বে দেখাতে পারে। যদিও অবৈধ গ্রাফিতি এখনও সমস্যা, তবে বৈধ স্ট্রিট আর্ট প্রকল্প বাড়ছে। 📌 উপসংহার গ্রাফিতির ইতিহাস অনেক দীর্ঘ ও সমৃদ্ধ। এটি গুহাচিত্র থেকে শুরু হয়ে আধুনিক স্ট্রিট আর্টে পরিণত হয়েছে। এটি মানুষের সৃজনশীলতা ও সমাজের কণ্ঠস্বর প্রকাশ করে। এটি আজও বিশ্ব সংস্কৃতির গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। Paragraph Gen-Z Gen-Z refers to the generation born roughly between the late 1990s and the early 2010s. They are known as the digital generation because they have grown up with the internet, smartphones, and social media. Unlike previous generations, Gen-Z can easily access information from anywhere in the world. They use technology for communication, education, entertainment, and many other purposes. Most Gen-Z members are active on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. They are quick learners and can adapt to new technologies easily. Gen-Z is also more aware of global issues such as climate change, mental health, and social justice. They like to express their opinions and share their ideas online. However, excessive use of technology sometimes causes problems such as screen addiction, lack of physical activity, and reduced face-to-face communication. Despite these challenges, Gen-Z is creative, energetic, and full of potential. They are expected to play an important role in shaping the future of society. Their knowledge of technology and their ability to learn quickly make them a valuable generation for the modern world. বাংলা অনুবাদ জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯০-এর দশকের শেষ ভাগ থেকে ২০১০-এর দশকের শুরুর দিকে জন্মগ্রহণকারী প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তাদের ডিজিটাল প্রজন্ম বলা হয়, কারণ তারা ইন্টারনেট, স্মার্টফোন এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের সঙ্গে বড় হয়েছে। আগের প্রজন্মের তুলনায় তারা সহজেই বিশ্বের যেকোনো স্থান থেকে তথ্য সংগ্রহ করতে পারে। তারা যোগাযোগ, শিক্ষা, বিনোদন এবং অন্যান্য কাজে প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে। জেন-জির অধিকাংশ সদস্য ফেসবুক, ইনস্টাগ্রাম, টিকটক ও ইউটিউবের মতো প্ল্যাটফর্মে সক্রিয়। তারা দ্রুত শিখতে পারে এবং নতুন প্রযুক্তির সঙ্গে সহজেই মানিয়ে নিতে পারে। জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন, মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য ও সামাজিক ন্যায়বিচারের মতো বিষয়েও তারা সচেতন। তবে প্রযুক্তির অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার কখনও কখনও আসক্তি ও শারীরিক নিষ্ক্রিয়তার মতো সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করে। তবুও জেন-জি সৃজনশীল, উদ্যমী এবং সম্ভাবনাময় একটি প্রজন্ম। Gen-Z Gen-Z is the generation that will lead the world in the coming years. They are intelligent, confident, and highly connected through technology. Because they have grown up in the digital age, they are comfortable using computers, smartphones, and online tools. They can learn new skills quickly and solve problems in creative ways. Gen-Z is also known for its openness to new ideas and diversity. Many young people of this generation believe in equality, respect, and human rights. They are often interested in social work and community development. Through social media, they can raise awareness about important issues and inspire positive change. In education, they use digital platforms to learn beyond the classroom. However, they must be careful not to depend too much on technology. They should balance their online and offline activities. Reading books, exercising, and spending time with family are also important. With proper education and guidance, Gen-Z can become responsible citizens and effective leaders. Their creativity, knowledge, and determination can help build a better and more advanced world for future generations. বাংলা অনুবাদ জেন-জি হলো সেই প্রজন্ম যারা আগামী বছরগুলোতে বিশ্বকে নেতৃত্ব দেবে। তারা বুদ্ধিমান, আত্মবিশ্বাসী এবং প্রযুক্তির মাধ্যমে অত্যন্ত সংযুক্ত। ডিজিটাল যুগে বেড়ে ওঠার কারণে তারা কম্পিউটার, স্মার্টফোন এবং অনলাইন সরঞ্জাম ব্যবহারে দক্ষ। তারা দ্রুত নতুন দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে পারে এবং সৃজনশীলভাবে সমস্যার সমাধান করতে পারে। জেন-জি নতুন ধারণা ও বৈচিত্র্যকে গ্রহণ করতে আগ্রহী। তারা সমতা, সম্মান এবং মানবাধিকারে বিশ্বাস করে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের মাধ্যমে তারা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় সম্পর্কে সচেতনতা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে এবং ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনতে ভূমিকা রাখতে পারে। তবে তাদের প্রযুক্তির ওপর অতিরিক্ত নির্ভরশীল হওয়া উচিত নয়। বই পড়া, ব্যায়াম করা এবং পরিবারের সঙ্গে সময় কাটানোও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। সঠিক শিক্ষা ও দিকনির্দেশনা পেলে জেন-জি দায়িত্বশীল নাগরিক ও সফল নেতা হিসেবে গড়ে উঠতে পারে। তাদের সৃজনশীলতা, জ্ঞান এবং দৃঢ়তা ভবিষ্যতের জন্য একটি উন্নত বিশ্ব গঠনে সাহায্য করবে। Composition / Essay Writing Gen Z and Revolution Gen Z refers to the young generation born roughly between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s. They are growing up in a world of technology, social media, and instant communication. Because of their access to information, Gen Z is more aware of social, political, and environmental issues than many previous generations. As a result, they often play an important role in bringing positive changes to society. A revolution does not always mean a violent struggle. It can also mean a major change in ideas, attitudes, or systems. Gen Z has contributed to many peaceful movements around the world. Through social media platforms, they can share information, express opinions, and raise awareness about important issues. They encourage people to think critically and speak up against injustice. Their voices can reach millions of people within a short time. Gen Z is also leading revolutions in education, technology, and environmental protection. Many young people are using digital tools to learn new skills, start businesses, and solve real-life problems. They support equality, human rights, and sustainable development. They believe that everyone should have equal opportunities regardless of gender, race, or background. Their creativity and innovative thinking help society move forward. However, Gen Z faces some challenges as well. Excessive use of social media may lead to misinformation, distraction, and mental stress. Therefore, they need to use technology wisely and responsibly. They should verify information before sharing it and focus on constructive activities that benefit society. In conclusion, Gen Z is a powerful generation that has the ability to bring positive revolutions in many fields. Their energy, creativity, and awareness can help build a better future. If they use their knowledge and technology in the right way, they can become effective leaders and agents of change in the modern world. জেন-জি এবং বিপ্লব জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯০-এর দশকের মাঝামাঝি থেকে ২০১০-এর দশকের শুরুর দিকে জন্ম নেওয়া প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তারা প্রযুক্তি, সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম এবং দ্রুত যোগাযোগের যুগে বেড়ে উঠেছে। তথ্যপ্রযুক্তির সহজলভ্যতার কারণে তারা সামাজিক, রাজনৈতিক ও পরিবেশগত বিষয় সম্পর্কে অনেক বেশি সচেতন। ফলে সমাজে ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনার ক্ষেত্রে তারা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। বিপ্লব সব সময় সহিংস আন্দোলনকে বোঝায় না। এটি চিন্তা-ভাবনা, দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি বা ব্যবস্থার বড় ধরনের পরিবর্তনকেও বোঝাতে পারে। জেন-জি বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন শান্তিপূর্ণ আন্দোলনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রেখেছে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের মাধ্যমে তারা তথ্য ছড়িয়ে দিতে, মতামত প্রকাশ করতে এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়ে সচেতনতা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। তারা মানুষকে অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে কথা বলতে এবং সমালোচনামূলকভাবে চিন্তা করতে উৎসাহিত করে। জেন-জি শিক্ষা, প্রযুক্তি এবং পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণেও নতুন ধরনের বিপ্লবের নেতৃত্ব দিচ্ছে। অনেক তরুণ ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে নতুন দক্ষতা অর্জন করছে, ব্যবসা শুরু করছে এবং বাস্তব সমস্যার সমাধান করছে। তারা সমতা, মানবাধিকার এবং টেকসই উন্নয়নকে সমর্থন করে। তাদের বিশ্বাস, লিঙ্গ, বর্ণ বা সামাজিক অবস্থান নির্বিশেষে সবার সমান সুযোগ থাকা উচিত। তাদের সৃজনশীলতা ও নতুন চিন্তাভাবনা সমাজকে এগিয়ে নিতে সাহায্য করে। তবে জেন-জির কিছু চ্যালেঞ্জও রয়েছে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার ভুল তথ্য, মনোযোগের ঘাটতি এবং মানসিক চাপ সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। তাই তাদের প্রযুক্তি সচেতন ও দায়িত্বশীলভাবে ব্যবহার করা প্রয়োজন। কোনো তথ্য শেয়ার করার আগে তা যাচাই করা উচিত এবং সমাজের উপকারে আসে এমন কাজে মনোযোগ দেওয়া উচিত। সবশেষে বলা যায়, জেন-জি একটি শক্তিশালী প্রজন্ম, যারা বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে ইতিবাচক বিপ্লব ঘটানোর ক্ষমতা রাখে। তাদের উদ্যম, সৃজনশীলতা এবং সচেতনতা একটি সুন্দর ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। তারা যদি সঠিকভাবে জ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে, তাহলে আধুনিক বিশ্বের সফল নেতা ও পরিবর্তনের অগ্রদূত হতে পারবে। Gen Z: The Generation That Is Changing the World Introduction Generation Z, or simply Gen Z, is the group of people born roughly between 1997 and 2012. Today, they are teenagers, college students, and young adults. They are different from previous generations because they have grown up with the internet, smartphones, social media, and digital technology. For most members of Gen Z, technology has always been a part of everyday life. Gen Z is often called the first true digital generation. They use technology not only for entertainment but also for education, communication, business, and problem-solving. They can connect with people from different countries, learn new skills online, and share their ideas with the world. Because of these opportunities, Gen Z is becoming one of the most influential generations in human history. Many experts believe that the future of the world will largely depend on this generation. They will become teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and leaders. Their decisions and actions will shape society for many years to come. Who Are Gen Z? Gen Z includes young people who were born during a time of rapid technological development. Unlike their parents and grandparents, they do not remember a world without the internet. From a very young age, they have used smartphones, computers, tablets, and social media. This generation has experienced many important global events. They have seen the rise of artificial intelligence, online learning, climate change discussions, and major social movements. These experiences have influenced how they think about the world. Gen Z is often known for being curious, creative, independent, and open-minded. They like learning new things and are usually willing to adapt to changes. They are less likely to accept information without questioning it. Instead, they often search for facts and different opinions before making decisions. Because they can easily access information, they are generally more aware of global issues than many previous generations were at the same age. Gen Z and Technology Technology is one of the most important parts of Gen Z's life. Most members of this generation use technology every day for different purposes. They use smartphones to communicate with friends and family. They use computers for studying and working. They watch educational videos, read online articles, and learn through digital platforms. Technology has made life easier in many ways. A student can now learn a new language, attend an online class, or watch a science lesson without leaving home. A young entrepreneur can start an online business with very little money. Creative people can share their art, music, writing, or videos with millions of people. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also becoming a major part of their lives. Many Gen Z members use AI tools for learning, writing, designing, and solving problems. However, technology also creates challenges. Spending too much time online may reduce physical activity and face-to-face communication. Therefore, Gen Z needs to use technology wisely and responsibly. Gen Z and Education Education has changed greatly because of technology, and Gen Z has benefited from these changes. In the past, students mainly depended on textbooks, teachers, and libraries. Today, students can learn from online courses, educational websites, videos, podcasts, and digital libraries. Learning is now more flexible than ever before. Students can study from home and access information from around the world. They can learn subjects that may not even be taught in their schools. Technology also helps students improve their skills. They can learn programming, graphic design, video editing, digital marketing, and many other valuable skills through online resources. However, there are some difficulties. Many students become distracted by social media while studying. Some students spend more time watching entertainment content than educational content. Information overload can also make learning difficult. To succeed, Gen Z students need self-discipline, focus, and good study habits. They must learn how to manage their time and use technology for productive purposes. Gen Z and Social Media Social media is one of the defining features of Gen Z. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and X have become important parts of their daily lives. Social media allows people to communicate instantly. Friends and family can stay connected even when they live far apart. Young people can share their thoughts, photos, videos, and experiences with others. Social media also helps spread knowledge. Many people learn about science, history, health, and current events through educational content online. In addition, social media gives young people a voice. They can express their opinions and raise awareness about social issues. However, social media has both positive and negative effects. Excessive use may lead to addiction, anxiety, stress, and reduced concentration. Some young people compare themselves to others and become unhappy with their own lives. Cyberbullying is another serious problem. Hurtful comments and online harassment can negatively affect mental health. For these reasons, Gen Z must learn to use social media responsibly and maintain a healthy balance between online and offline life. Gen Z and Communication The way Gen Z communicates is very different from previous generations. Many young people communicate through messaging apps, video calls, emails, and social media. Technology allows them to stay connected almost all the time. Communication has become faster and easier. A message can be sent across the world within seconds. People can share ideas, photos, videos, and documents instantly. However, face-to-face communication is still important. Personal conversations help people develop emotional intelligence, empathy, and social skills. Gen Z should enjoy the benefits of digital communication while also maintaining strong real-world relationships. Gen Z and Career Goals Career expectations among Gen Z are changing rapidly. Previous generations often worked in the same company for many years. Gen Z is more interested in flexibility, creativity, and personal satisfaction. Many young people want careers that allow them to: Work remotely Travel freely Learn continuously Use technology Make a positive impact on society Popular career choices include: Software development Artificial intelligence Digital marketing Graphic design Data science Content creation E-commerce Entrepreneurship Gen Z understands that learning should continue throughout life. They know that many future jobs do not even exist yet. Because technology changes quickly, they must keep updating their skills and knowledge. Gen Z and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular among Gen Z. The internet has created many opportunities for young people to start businesses. They can sell products online, create digital content, provide freelance services, or launch startups. Unlike previous generations, many young entrepreneurs do not need large investments to begin. A laptop, an internet connection, and a good idea can be enough. Many Gen Z entrepreneurs are creative and innovative. They are willing to try new ideas and take calculated risks. Entrepreneurship teaches valuable skills such as leadership, communication, problem-solving, and financial management. As technology continues to grow, more Gen Z members are expected to become successful entrepreneurs. Gen Z and Mental Health Mental health is one of the most important issues facing Gen Z today. Many young people experience stress because of academic pressure, career uncertainty, family expectations, and social media influence. Constant exposure to online content can sometimes create feelings of anxiety and insecurity. Seeing the achievements and lifestyles of others may lead some people to compare themselves unfairly. Fortunately, Gen Z is more open about discussing mental health than previous generations. They encourage conversations about emotional well-being and support seeking professional help when necessary. Good mental health can be improved through: Regular exercise Healthy sleep habits Positive relationships Time management Balanced use of technology Taking care of mental health is just as important as taking care of physical health. Gen Z and Social Change Gen Z is highly active in promoting social change. They care deeply about issues such as: Human rights Equality Education Poverty reduction Environmental protection Social justice Through social media and community activities, they raise awareness about important problems and encourage positive action. Many young people participate in volunteer programs, awareness campaigns, and social projects. They believe that everyone has a responsibility to improve society. Their energy and passion are helping create positive changes around the world. Gen Z and the Environment Environmental protection is one of the biggest concerns for Gen Z. Many young people understand that climate change, pollution, and environmental destruction threaten the future of humanity. As a result, they support: Recycling Tree planting Renewable energy Reducing plastic waste Protecting wildlife Conserving natural resources They encourage governments, companies, and individuals to take environmental issues seriously. Gen Z believes that protecting the Earth is not only important for the present generation but also for future generations. Challenges Facing Gen Z Although Gen Z has many strengths, they also face several challenges. Information Overload There is so much information online that it can be difficult to identify reliable sources. Digital Addiction Many people spend too much time on smartphones and social media. Economic Pressure Finding stable employment and managing financial responsibilities can be challenging. Mental Stress Academic competition and social pressures can create emotional difficulties. Privacy Risks Personal information can be exposed online if proper precautions are not taken. To overcome these challenges, Gen Z needs education, guidance, and responsible decision-making. The Future of Gen Z The future of Gen Z looks very promising. This generation is technologically skilled, globally connected, and highly adaptable. They are learning how to solve modern problems using innovative ideas and digital tools. In the future, Gen Z will lead businesses, governments, schools, and organizations. They will develop new technologies, create jobs, improve healthcare, and address environmental challenges. Their success will depend on their ability to balance technology with human values such as honesty, responsibility, kindness, and respect. If they continue learning and working hard, Gen Z can make the world more advanced, peaceful, and sustainable. Conclusion Gen Z is one of the most remarkable generations in modern history. Growing up in the digital age has given them opportunities that previous generations could only imagine. They are creative, informed, ambitious, and connected to the world in unique ways. At the same time, they face challenges related to technology, mental health, and social pressures. By using technology wisely, maintaining strong values, and continuing to learn, Gen Z can overcome these difficulties. As future leaders, innovators, and citizens, Gen Z has the power to shape a better world. Their ideas, energy, and determination will play a major role in building the future of humanity. জেন-জি: যে প্রজন্ম পৃথিবীকে বদলে দিচ্ছে ভূমিকা জেনারেশন জেড বা সংক্ষেপে জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯৭ থেকে ২০১২ সালের মধ্যে জন্ম নেওয়া মানুষদের বোঝানো হয়। বর্তমানে তারা কিশোর, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় শিক্ষার্থী এবং তরুণ প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক। তারা আগের প্রজন্ম থেকে আলাদা, কারণ তারা ইন্টারনেট, স্মার্টফোন, সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম এবং ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তির মধ্যেই বড় হয়েছে। তাদের কাছে প্রযুক্তি সবসময় দৈনন্দিন জীবনের অংশ ছিল। জেন-জিকে অনেক সময় প্রথম সত্যিকারের ডিজিটাল প্রজন্ম বলা হয়। তারা প্রযুক্তি শুধু বিনোদনের জন্য নয়, বরং শিক্ষা, যোগাযোগ, ব্যবসা এবং সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্যও ব্যবহার করে। তারা পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন দেশের মানুষের সাথে যুক্ত হতে পারে, নতুন দক্ষতা শিখতে পারে এবং তাদের চিন্তাভাবনা সবার সাথে ভাগ করতে পারে। এই সুযোগের কারণে জেন-জি আজ বিশ্বের অন্যতম প্রভাবশালী প্রজন্মে পরিণত হচ্ছে। বিশেষজ্ঞদের মতে, ভবিষ্যৎ পৃথিবী অনেকাংশেই এই প্রজন্মের উপর নির্ভর করবে। তারা শিক্ষক, ডাক্তার, প্রকৌশলী, বিজ্ঞানী, উদ্যোক্তা, রাজনীতিবিদ এবং নেতা হবে। তাদের সিদ্ধান্ত ও কাজ সমাজকে বহু বছর ধরে প্রভাবিত করবে। জেন-জি কারা? জেন-জি এমন একটি প্রজন্ম যারা দ্রুত প্রযুক্তিগত উন্নয়নের সময়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছে। তারা তাদের বাবা-মা বা দাদাদের মতো ইন্টারনেটবিহীন পৃথিবী দেখেনি। ছোটবেলা থেকেই তারা স্মার্টফোন, কম্পিউটার, ট্যাবলেট এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম ব্যবহার করে এসেছে। এই প্রজন্ম অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বৈশ্বিক ঘটনার সাক্ষী হয়েছে। তারা কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তার উন্নতি, অনলাইন শিক্ষা, জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন আলোচনা এবং বিভিন্ন সামাজিক আন্দোলন দেখেছে। এসব অভিজ্ঞতা তাদের চিন্তাভাবনাকে প্রভাবিত করেছে। জেন-জি সাধারণত কৌতূহলী, সৃজনশীল, স্বাধীনচেতা এবং উন্মুক্ত মনোভাবসম্পন্ন। তারা নতুন কিছু শিখতে ভালোবাসে এবং পরিবর্তনের সাথে সহজে মানিয়ে নিতে পারে। তারা তথ্যকে সহজে বিশ্বাস না করে যাচাই করতে পছন্দ করে। তথ্য সহজে পাওয়ার কারণে তারা আগের প্রজন্মের তুলনায় বেশি সচেতন। জেন-জি এবং প্রযুক্তি প্রযুক্তি জেন-জির জীবনের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। তারা স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহার করে যোগাযোগ করে, কম্পিউটারে পড়াশোনা ও কাজ করে, ভিডিও দেখে শেখে এবং ডিজিটাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম ব্যবহার করে। প্রযুক্তি জীবনকে সহজ করেছে। একজন শিক্ষার্থী ঘরে বসেই নতুন ভাষা শিখতে পারে, অনলাইন ক্লাস করতে পারে। একজন তরুণ উদ্যোক্তা খুব কম টাকায় ব্যবসা শুরু করতে পারে। সৃজনশীল মানুষ তাদের কাজ বিশ্বব্যাপী ছড়িয়ে দিতে পারে। কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা (AI) এখন তাদের জীবনের অংশ। তারা লেখালেখি, ডিজাইন, শিক্ষা এবং সমস্যা সমাধানে AI ব্যবহার করছে। তবে প্রযুক্তির অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার শারীরিক ও মানসিক সমস্যাও তৈরি করতে পারে। তাই সঠিক ব্যবহার খুব জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং শিক্ষা প্রযুক্তির কারণে শিক্ষা অনেক বদলে গেছে, আর জেন-জি এই পরিবর্তনের সুবিধা পাচ্ছে। আগে শিক্ষার্থীরা শুধু বই, শিক্ষক ও লাইব্রেরির উপর নির্ভর করত। এখন তারা অনলাইন কোর্স, ভিডিও, ওয়েবসাইট এবং ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরি ব্যবহার করতে পারে। এখন শেখা অনেক সহজ ও নমনীয়। শিক্ষার্থীরা ঘরে বসেই পড়তে পারে এবং বিশ্বের যেকোনো তথ্য পেতে পারে। তারা প্রোগ্রামিং, ডিজাইন, ভিডিও এডিটিংসহ নানা দক্ষতা শিখতে পারে। তবে কিছু সমস্যা আছে, যেমন সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় মনোযোগ নষ্ট হওয়া, তথ্যের অতিরিক্ত চাপ এবং সময় নষ্ট হওয়া। সাফল্যের জন্য শৃঙ্খলা ও মনোযোগ খুব জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম জেন-জির জীবনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। ফেসবুক, ইনস্টাগ্রাম, টিকটক, ইউটিউব ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করে তারা যোগাযোগ করে। এটি মানুষের সাথে যুক্ত থাকার সুযোগ দেয় এবং জ্ঞান ভাগ করার মাধ্যম তৈরি করে। তবে অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার মানসিক চাপ, উদ্বেগ, আসক্তি এবং তুলনামূলক হতাশা তৈরি করতে পারে। সাইবার বুলিংও একটি বড় সমস্যা। তাই সঠিক ও সীমিত ব্যবহার জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং যোগাযোগ জেন-জির যোগাযোগের ধরন অনেক পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে। তারা মেসেজ, ভিডিও কল এবং সামাজিক মাধ্যম ব্যবহার করে দ্রুত যোগাযোগ করে। তবে সরাসরি মুখোমুখি কথা বলা এখনো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, কারণ এটি সামাজিক দক্ষতা বাড়ায়। জেন-জি এবং ক্যারিয়ার জেন-জির ক্যারিয়ার চিন্তাভাবনা আগের চেয়ে আলাদা। তারা স্বাধীনতা, সৃজনশীলতা এবং কাজের সন্তুষ্টি চায়। তারা রিমোট কাজ, ফ্রিল্যান্সিং এবং উদ্যোক্তা হওয়ার দিকে বেশি আগ্রহী। জনপ্রিয় ক্ষেত্র: সফটওয়্যার ডেভেলপমেন্ট ডিজিটাল মার্কেটিং গ্রাফিক ডিজাইন কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা কনটেন্ট ক্রিয়েশন জেন-জি এবং উদ্যোক্তা হওয়া অনেক জেন-জি উদ্যোক্তা হতে চায়। ইন্টারনেটের কারণে তারা খুব সহজে ব্যবসা শুরু করতে পারে। তারা অনলাইনে পণ্য বিক্রি, ফ্রিল্যান্স কাজ এবং স্টার্টআপ তৈরি করে। জেন-জি এবং মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য জেন-জির একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা। পড়াশোনার চাপ, ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে চিন্তা এবং সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া চাপ তাদের মানসিকভাবে প্রভাবিত করে। তবে এখন তারা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য নিয়ে বেশি সচেতন। জেন-জি এবং সামাজিক পরিবর্তন জেন-জি সমাজ পরিবর্তনে সক্রিয়। তারা মানবাধিকার, সমতা, শিক্ষা ও ন্যায়বিচারের পক্ষে কাজ করে। জেন-জি এবং পরিবেশ তারা পরিবেশ রক্ষায় সচেতন। তারা গাছ লাগানো, পুনর্ব্যবহার এবং দূষণ কমানোর পক্ষে। চ্যালেঞ্জ তাদের চ্যালেঞ্জ: তথ্যের অতিরিক্ত চাপ ডিজিটাল আসক্তি মানসিক চাপ চাকরির প্রতিযোগিতা গোপনীয়তার ঝুঁকি ভবিষ্যৎ জেন-জি ভবিষ্যতে বিশ্বের নেতৃত্ব দেবে। তারা নতুন প্রযুক্তি তৈরি করবে এবং সমাজকে উন্নত করবে। উপসংহার জেন-জি একটি শক্তিশালী প্রজন্ম। তারা প্রযুক্তি, শিক্ষা, সমাজ ও বিশ্ব পরিবর্তনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখছে। সঠিকভাবে পরিচালিত হলে তারা একটি উন্নত ও সুন্দর পৃথিবী গড়তে পারবে। 20 interesting facts about Gen Z (Generation Z) Gen Z generally includes people born from 1997 to 2012 (approx.). They are the first generation to grow up with smartphones and social media from childhood. Most Gen Z users prefer short videos like TikTok, Reels, and YouTube Shorts. They are very active on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat. Gen Z communicates a lot using slang, emojis, and memes. They are more likely to learn online than from traditional books only. Many Gen Z students prefer YouTube tutorials for studying. They care strongly about mental health awareness. They value work-life balance more than older generations. Gen Z is highly interested in freelancing and online income. They are comfortable with remote work and digital jobs. Many Gen Z users are content creators (YouTubers, TikTokers, streamers). They are more aware of climate change and environmental issues. Gen Z prefers authentic and real content, not overly polished media. They often multitask while using devices (scrolling, watching, chatting). They are the most digitally connected generation in history. Gen Z is more open to diversity and different cultures. They dislike traditional strict systems and prefer freedom of expression. Many Gen Z people learn skills through online courses and apps. They are shaping new trends in fashion, language, and internet culture. Bangla translation of the 20 Gen Z facts: জেন জি সাধারণত ১৯৯৭ থেকে ২০১২ সালের মধ্যে জন্ম নেওয়া প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তারা ছোটবেলা থেকেই স্মার্টফোন ও সামাজিক মাধ্যমের সাথে বেড়ে উঠেছে। জেন জি ব্যবহারকারীরা ছোট ভিডিও (TikTok, Reels, YouTube Shorts) বেশি পছন্দ করে। তারা Instagram, TikTok এবং Snapchat-এ খুব সক্রিয়। তারা স্ল্যাং, ইমোজি এবং মিম ব্যবহার করে বেশি যোগাযোগ করে। তারা প্রচলিত বইয়ের চেয়ে অনলাইনে শেখাকে বেশি পছন্দ করে। অনেক জেন জি শিক্ষার্থী YouTube টিউটোরিয়াল দেখে পড়াশোনা করে। তারা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য সচেতনতা নিয়ে খুব গুরুত্ব দেয়। তারা কাজ ও ব্যক্তিগত জীবনের ভারসাম্যকে বেশি মূল্য দেয়। জেন জি ফ্রিল্যান্সিং ও অনলাইন আয়ে বেশি আগ্রহী। তারা রিমোট কাজ ও ডিজিটাল চাকরিতে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করে। অনেক জেন জি কনটেন্ট ক্রিয়েটর (YouTuber, TikToker, streamer)। তারা জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন ও পরিবেশ নিয়ে বেশি সচেতন। তারা আসল ও প্রাকৃতিক কনটেন্ট পছন্দ করে, অতিরিক্ত সাজানো নয়। তারা একসাথে একাধিক কাজ (multitasking) করে। তারা ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে বেশি ডিজিটালভাবে সংযুক্ত প্রজন্ম। জেন জি বিভিন্ন সংস্কৃতি ও বৈচিত্র্যের প্রতি বেশি উন্মুক্ত। তারা কঠোর নিয়ম পছন্দ করে না, মত প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা চায়। অনেক জেন জি অনলাইন কোর্স ও অ্যাপ থেকে দক্ষতা শিখে। তারা ফ্যাশন, ভাষা এবং ইন্টারনেট সংস্কৃতিতে নতুন ট্রেন্ড তৈরি করছে।

Paragraph Gen-Z Gen-Z refers to the generation born roughly between the late 1990s and the early 2010s. They are known as the digital generation because they have grown up with the internet, smartphones, and social media. Unlike previous generations, Gen-Z can easily access information from anywhere in the world. They use technology for communication, education, entertainment, and many other purposes. Most Gen-Z members are active on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. They are quick learners and can adapt to new technologies easily. Gen-Z is also more aware of global issues such as climate change, mental health, and social justice. They like to express their opinions and share their ideas online. However, excessive use of technology sometimes causes problems such as screen addiction, lack of physical activity, and reduced face-to-face communication. Despite these challenges, Gen-Z is creative, energetic, and full of potential. They are expected to play an important role in shaping the future of society. Their knowledge of technology and their ability to learn quickly make them a valuable generation for the modern world. বাংলা অনুবাদ জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯০-এর দশকের শেষ ভাগ থেকে ২০১০-এর দশকের শুরুর দিকে জন্মগ্রহণকারী প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তাদের ডিজিটাল প্রজন্ম বলা হয়, কারণ তারা ইন্টারনেট, স্মার্টফোন এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের সঙ্গে বড় হয়েছে। আগের প্রজন্মের তুলনায় তারা সহজেই বিশ্বের যেকোনো স্থান থেকে তথ্য সংগ্রহ করতে পারে। তারা যোগাযোগ, শিক্ষা, বিনোদন এবং অন্যান্য কাজে প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে। জেন-জির অধিকাংশ সদস্য ফেসবুক, ইনস্টাগ্রাম, টিকটক ও ইউটিউবের মতো প্ল্যাটফর্মে সক্রিয়। তারা দ্রুত শিখতে পারে এবং নতুন প্রযুক্তির সঙ্গে সহজেই মানিয়ে নিতে পারে। জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন, মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য ও সামাজিক ন্যায়বিচারের মতো বিষয়েও তারা সচেতন। তবে প্রযুক্তির অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার কখনও কখনও আসক্তি ও শারীরিক নিষ্ক্রিয়তার মতো সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করে। তবুও জেন-জি সৃজনশীল, উদ্যমী এবং সম্ভাবনাময় একটি প্রজন্ম। Gen-Z Gen-Z is the generation that will lead the world in the coming years. They are intelligent, confident, and highly connected through technology. Because they have grown up in the digital age, they are comfortable using computers, smartphones, and online tools. They can learn new skills quickly and solve problems in creative ways. Gen-Z is also known for its openness to new ideas and diversity. Many young people of this generation believe in equality, respect, and human rights. They are often interested in social work and community development. Through social media, they can raise awareness about important issues and inspire positive change. In education, they use digital platforms to learn beyond the classroom. However, they must be careful not to depend too much on technology. They should balance their online and offline activities. Reading books, exercising, and spending time with family are also important. With proper education and guidance, Gen-Z can become responsible citizens and effective leaders. Their creativity, knowledge, and determination can help build a better and more advanced world for future generations. বাংলা অনুবাদ জেন-জি হলো সেই প্রজন্ম যারা আগামী বছরগুলোতে বিশ্বকে নেতৃত্ব দেবে। তারা বুদ্ধিমান, আত্মবিশ্বাসী এবং প্রযুক্তির মাধ্যমে অত্যন্ত সংযুক্ত। ডিজিটাল যুগে বেড়ে ওঠার কারণে তারা কম্পিউটার, স্মার্টফোন এবং অনলাইন সরঞ্জাম ব্যবহারে দক্ষ। তারা দ্রুত নতুন দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে পারে এবং সৃজনশীলভাবে সমস্যার সমাধান করতে পারে। জেন-জি নতুন ধারণা ও বৈচিত্র্যকে গ্রহণ করতে আগ্রহী। তারা সমতা, সম্মান এবং মানবাধিকারে বিশ্বাস করে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের মাধ্যমে তারা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় সম্পর্কে সচেতনতা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে এবং ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনতে ভূমিকা রাখতে পারে। তবে তাদের প্রযুক্তির ওপর অতিরিক্ত নির্ভরশীল হওয়া উচিত নয়। বই পড়া, ব্যায়াম করা এবং পরিবারের সঙ্গে সময় কাটানোও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। সঠিক শিক্ষা ও দিকনির্দেশনা পেলে জেন-জি দায়িত্বশীল নাগরিক ও সফল নেতা হিসেবে গড়ে উঠতে পারে। তাদের সৃজনশীলতা, জ্ঞান এবং দৃঢ়তা ভবিষ্যতের জন্য একটি উন্নত বিশ্ব গঠনে সাহায্য করবে। Composition / Essay Writing Gen Z and Revolution Gen Z refers to the young generation born roughly between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s. They are growing up in a world of technology, social media, and instant communication. Because of their access to information, Gen Z is more aware of social, political, and environmental issues than many previous generations. As a result, they often play an important role in bringing positive changes to society. A revolution does not always mean a violent struggle. It can also mean a major change in ideas, attitudes, or systems. Gen Z has contributed to many peaceful movements around the world. Through social media platforms, they can share information, express opinions, and raise awareness about important issues. They encourage people to think critically and speak up against injustice. Their voices can reach millions of people within a short time. Gen Z is also leading revolutions in education, technology, and environmental protection. Many young people are using digital tools to learn new skills, start businesses, and solve real-life problems. They support equality, human rights, and sustainable development. They believe that everyone should have equal opportunities regardless of gender, race, or background. Their creativity and innovative thinking help society move forward. However, Gen Z faces some challenges as well. Excessive use of social media may lead to misinformation, distraction, and mental stress. Therefore, they need to use technology wisely and responsibly. They should verify information before sharing it and focus on constructive activities that benefit society. In conclusion, Gen Z is a powerful generation that has the ability to bring positive revolutions in many fields. Their energy, creativity, and awareness can help build a better future. If they use their knowledge and technology in the right way, they can become effective leaders and agents of change in the modern world. জেন-জি এবং বিপ্লব জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯০-এর দশকের মাঝামাঝি থেকে ২০১০-এর দশকের শুরুর দিকে জন্ম নেওয়া প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তারা প্রযুক্তি, সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম এবং দ্রুত যোগাযোগের যুগে বেড়ে উঠেছে। তথ্যপ্রযুক্তির সহজলভ্যতার কারণে তারা সামাজিক, রাজনৈতিক ও পরিবেশগত বিষয় সম্পর্কে অনেক বেশি সচেতন। ফলে সমাজে ইতিবাচক পরিবর্তন আনার ক্ষেত্রে তারা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। বিপ্লব সব সময় সহিংস আন্দোলনকে বোঝায় না। এটি চিন্তা-ভাবনা, দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি বা ব্যবস্থার বড় ধরনের পরিবর্তনকেও বোঝাতে পারে। জেন-জি বিশ্বের বিভিন্ন শান্তিপূর্ণ আন্দোলনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রেখেছে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের মাধ্যমে তারা তথ্য ছড়িয়ে দিতে, মতামত প্রকাশ করতে এবং গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়ে সচেতনতা সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। তারা মানুষকে অন্যায়ের বিরুদ্ধে কথা বলতে এবং সমালোচনামূলকভাবে চিন্তা করতে উৎসাহিত করে। জেন-জি শিক্ষা, প্রযুক্তি এবং পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণেও নতুন ধরনের বিপ্লবের নেতৃত্ব দিচ্ছে। অনেক তরুণ ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে নতুন দক্ষতা অর্জন করছে, ব্যবসা শুরু করছে এবং বাস্তব সমস্যার সমাধান করছে। তারা সমতা, মানবাধিকার এবং টেকসই উন্নয়নকে সমর্থন করে। তাদের বিশ্বাস, লিঙ্গ, বর্ণ বা সামাজিক অবস্থান নির্বিশেষে সবার সমান সুযোগ থাকা উচিত। তাদের সৃজনশীলতা ও নতুন চিন্তাভাবনা সমাজকে এগিয়ে নিতে সাহায্য করে। তবে জেন-জির কিছু চ্যালেঞ্জও রয়েছে। সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যমের অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার ভুল তথ্য, মনোযোগের ঘাটতি এবং মানসিক চাপ সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। তাই তাদের প্রযুক্তি সচেতন ও দায়িত্বশীলভাবে ব্যবহার করা প্রয়োজন। কোনো তথ্য শেয়ার করার আগে তা যাচাই করা উচিত এবং সমাজের উপকারে আসে এমন কাজে মনোযোগ দেওয়া উচিত। সবশেষে বলা যায়, জেন-জি একটি শক্তিশালী প্রজন্ম, যারা বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্রে ইতিবাচক বিপ্লব ঘটানোর ক্ষমতা রাখে। তাদের উদ্যম, সৃজনশীলতা এবং সচেতনতা একটি সুন্দর ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ে তুলতে সাহায্য করতে পারে। তারা যদি সঠিকভাবে জ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করে, তাহলে আধুনিক বিশ্বের সফল নেতা ও পরিবর্তনের অগ্রদূত হতে পারবে। Gen Z: The Generation That Is Changing the World Introduction Generation Z, or simply Gen Z, is the group of people born roughly between 1997 and 2012. Today, they are teenagers, college students, and young adults. They are different from previous generations because they have grown up with the internet, smartphones, social media, and digital technology. For most members of Gen Z, technology has always been a part of everyday life. Gen Z is often called the first true digital generation. They use technology not only for entertainment but also for education, communication, business, and problem-solving. They can connect with people from different countries, learn new skills online, and share their ideas with the world. Because of these opportunities, Gen Z is becoming one of the most influential generations in human history. Many experts believe that the future of the world will largely depend on this generation. They will become teachers, doctors, engineers, scientists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and leaders. Their decisions and actions will shape society for many years to come. Who Are Gen Z? Gen Z includes young people who were born during a time of rapid technological development. Unlike their parents and grandparents, they do not remember a world without the internet. From a very young age, they have used smartphones, computers, tablets, and social media. This generation has experienced many important global events. They have seen the rise of artificial intelligence, online learning, climate change discussions, and major social movements. These experiences have influenced how they think about the world. Gen Z is often known for being curious, creative, independent, and open-minded. They like learning new things and are usually willing to adapt to changes. They are less likely to accept information without questioning it. Instead, they often search for facts and different opinions before making decisions. Because they can easily access information, they are generally more aware of global issues than many previous generations were at the same age. Gen Z and Technology Technology is one of the most important parts of Gen Z's life. Most members of this generation use technology every day for different purposes. They use smartphones to communicate with friends and family. They use computers for studying and working. They watch educational videos, read online articles, and learn through digital platforms. Technology has made life easier in many ways. A student can now learn a new language, attend an online class, or watch a science lesson without leaving home. A young entrepreneur can start an online business with very little money. Creative people can share their art, music, writing, or videos with millions of people. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is also becoming a major part of their lives. Many Gen Z members use AI tools for learning, writing, designing, and solving problems. However, technology also creates challenges. Spending too much time online may reduce physical activity and face-to-face communication. Therefore, Gen Z needs to use technology wisely and responsibly. Gen Z and Education Education has changed greatly because of technology, and Gen Z has benefited from these changes. In the past, students mainly depended on textbooks, teachers, and libraries. Today, students can learn from online courses, educational websites, videos, podcasts, and digital libraries. Learning is now more flexible than ever before. Students can study from home and access information from around the world. They can learn subjects that may not even be taught in their schools. Technology also helps students improve their skills. They can learn programming, graphic design, video editing, digital marketing, and many other valuable skills through online resources. However, there are some difficulties. Many students become distracted by social media while studying. Some students spend more time watching entertainment content than educational content. Information overload can also make learning difficult. To succeed, Gen Z students need self-discipline, focus, and good study habits. They must learn how to manage their time and use technology for productive purposes. Gen Z and Social Media Social media is one of the defining features of Gen Z. Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and X have become important parts of their daily lives. Social media allows people to communicate instantly. Friends and family can stay connected even when they live far apart. Young people can share their thoughts, photos, videos, and experiences with others. Social media also helps spread knowledge. Many people learn about science, history, health, and current events through educational content online. In addition, social media gives young people a voice. They can express their opinions and raise awareness about social issues. However, social media has both positive and negative effects. Excessive use may lead to addiction, anxiety, stress, and reduced concentration. Some young people compare themselves to others and become unhappy with their own lives. Cyberbullying is another serious problem. Hurtful comments and online harassment can negatively affect mental health. For these reasons, Gen Z must learn to use social media responsibly and maintain a healthy balance between online and offline life. Gen Z and Communication The way Gen Z communicates is very different from previous generations. Many young people communicate through messaging apps, video calls, emails, and social media. Technology allows them to stay connected almost all the time. Communication has become faster and easier. A message can be sent across the world within seconds. People can share ideas, photos, videos, and documents instantly. However, face-to-face communication is still important. Personal conversations help people develop emotional intelligence, empathy, and social skills. Gen Z should enjoy the benefits of digital communication while also maintaining strong real-world relationships. Gen Z and Career Goals Career expectations among Gen Z are changing rapidly. Previous generations often worked in the same company for many years. Gen Z is more interested in flexibility, creativity, and personal satisfaction. Many young people want careers that allow them to: Work remotely Travel freely Learn continuously Use technology Make a positive impact on society Popular career choices include: Software development Artificial intelligence Digital marketing Graphic design Data science Content creation E-commerce Entrepreneurship Gen Z understands that learning should continue throughout life. They know that many future jobs do not even exist yet. Because technology changes quickly, they must keep updating their skills and knowledge. Gen Z and Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is becoming increasingly popular among Gen Z. The internet has created many opportunities for young people to start businesses. They can sell products online, create digital content, provide freelance services, or launch startups. Unlike previous generations, many young entrepreneurs do not need large investments to begin. A laptop, an internet connection, and a good idea can be enough. Many Gen Z entrepreneurs are creative and innovative. They are willing to try new ideas and take calculated risks. Entrepreneurship teaches valuable skills such as leadership, communication, problem-solving, and financial management. As technology continues to grow, more Gen Z members are expected to become successful entrepreneurs. Gen Z and Mental Health Mental health is one of the most important issues facing Gen Z today. Many young people experience stress because of academic pressure, career uncertainty, family expectations, and social media influence. Constant exposure to online content can sometimes create feelings of anxiety and insecurity. Seeing the achievements and lifestyles of others may lead some people to compare themselves unfairly. Fortunately, Gen Z is more open about discussing mental health than previous generations. They encourage conversations about emotional well-being and support seeking professional help when necessary. Good mental health can be improved through: Regular exercise Healthy sleep habits Positive relationships Time management Balanced use of technology Taking care of mental health is just as important as taking care of physical health. Gen Z and Social Change Gen Z is highly active in promoting social change. They care deeply about issues such as: Human rights Equality Education Poverty reduction Environmental protection Social justice Through social media and community activities, they raise awareness about important problems and encourage positive action. Many young people participate in volunteer programs, awareness campaigns, and social projects. They believe that everyone has a responsibility to improve society. Their energy and passion are helping create positive changes around the world. Gen Z and the Environment Environmental protection is one of the biggest concerns for Gen Z. Many young people understand that climate change, pollution, and environmental destruction threaten the future of humanity. As a result, they support: Recycling Tree planting Renewable energy Reducing plastic waste Protecting wildlife Conserving natural resources They encourage governments, companies, and individuals to take environmental issues seriously. Gen Z believes that protecting the Earth is not only important for the present generation but also for future generations. Challenges Facing Gen Z Although Gen Z has many strengths, they also face several challenges. Information Overload There is so much information online that it can be difficult to identify reliable sources. Digital Addiction Many people spend too much time on smartphones and social media. Economic Pressure Finding stable employment and managing financial responsibilities can be challenging. Mental Stress Academic competition and social pressures can create emotional difficulties. Privacy Risks Personal information can be exposed online if proper precautions are not taken. To overcome these challenges, Gen Z needs education, guidance, and responsible decision-making. The Future of Gen Z The future of Gen Z looks very promising. This generation is technologically skilled, globally connected, and highly adaptable. They are learning how to solve modern problems using innovative ideas and digital tools. In the future, Gen Z will lead businesses, governments, schools, and organizations. They will develop new technologies, create jobs, improve healthcare, and address environmental challenges. Their success will depend on their ability to balance technology with human values such as honesty, responsibility, kindness, and respect. If they continue learning and working hard, Gen Z can make the world more advanced, peaceful, and sustainable. Conclusion Gen Z is one of the most remarkable generations in modern history. Growing up in the digital age has given them opportunities that previous generations could only imagine. They are creative, informed, ambitious, and connected to the world in unique ways. At the same time, they face challenges related to technology, mental health, and social pressures. By using technology wisely, maintaining strong values, and continuing to learn, Gen Z can overcome these difficulties. As future leaders, innovators, and citizens, Gen Z has the power to shape a better world. Their ideas, energy, and determination will play a major role in building the future of humanity. জেন-জি: যে প্রজন্ম পৃথিবীকে বদলে দিচ্ছে ভূমিকা জেনারেশন জেড বা সংক্ষেপে জেন-জি বলতে সাধারণত ১৯৯৭ থেকে ২০১২ সালের মধ্যে জন্ম নেওয়া মানুষদের বোঝানো হয়। বর্তমানে তারা কিশোর, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় শিক্ষার্থী এবং তরুণ প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক। তারা আগের প্রজন্ম থেকে আলাদা, কারণ তারা ইন্টারনেট, স্মার্টফোন, সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম এবং ডিজিটাল প্রযুক্তির মধ্যেই বড় হয়েছে। তাদের কাছে প্রযুক্তি সবসময় দৈনন্দিন জীবনের অংশ ছিল। জেন-জিকে অনেক সময় প্রথম সত্যিকারের ডিজিটাল প্রজন্ম বলা হয়। তারা প্রযুক্তি শুধু বিনোদনের জন্য নয়, বরং শিক্ষা, যোগাযোগ, ব্যবসা এবং সমস্যা সমাধানের জন্যও ব্যবহার করে। তারা পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন দেশের মানুষের সাথে যুক্ত হতে পারে, নতুন দক্ষতা শিখতে পারে এবং তাদের চিন্তাভাবনা সবার সাথে ভাগ করতে পারে। এই সুযোগের কারণে জেন-জি আজ বিশ্বের অন্যতম প্রভাবশালী প্রজন্মে পরিণত হচ্ছে। বিশেষজ্ঞদের মতে, ভবিষ্যৎ পৃথিবী অনেকাংশেই এই প্রজন্মের উপর নির্ভর করবে। তারা শিক্ষক, ডাক্তার, প্রকৌশলী, বিজ্ঞানী, উদ্যোক্তা, রাজনীতিবিদ এবং নেতা হবে। তাদের সিদ্ধান্ত ও কাজ সমাজকে বহু বছর ধরে প্রভাবিত করবে। জেন-জি কারা? জেন-জি এমন একটি প্রজন্ম যারা দ্রুত প্রযুক্তিগত উন্নয়নের সময়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছে। তারা তাদের বাবা-মা বা দাদাদের মতো ইন্টারনেটবিহীন পৃথিবী দেখেনি। ছোটবেলা থেকেই তারা স্মার্টফোন, কম্পিউটার, ট্যাবলেট এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম ব্যবহার করে এসেছে। এই প্রজন্ম অনেক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বৈশ্বিক ঘটনার সাক্ষী হয়েছে। তারা কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তার উন্নতি, অনলাইন শিক্ষা, জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন আলোচনা এবং বিভিন্ন সামাজিক আন্দোলন দেখেছে। এসব অভিজ্ঞতা তাদের চিন্তাভাবনাকে প্রভাবিত করেছে। জেন-জি সাধারণত কৌতূহলী, সৃজনশীল, স্বাধীনচেতা এবং উন্মুক্ত মনোভাবসম্পন্ন। তারা নতুন কিছু শিখতে ভালোবাসে এবং পরিবর্তনের সাথে সহজে মানিয়ে নিতে পারে। তারা তথ্যকে সহজে বিশ্বাস না করে যাচাই করতে পছন্দ করে। তথ্য সহজে পাওয়ার কারণে তারা আগের প্রজন্মের তুলনায় বেশি সচেতন। জেন-জি এবং প্রযুক্তি প্রযুক্তি জেন-জির জীবনের সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। তারা স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহার করে যোগাযোগ করে, কম্পিউটারে পড়াশোনা ও কাজ করে, ভিডিও দেখে শেখে এবং ডিজিটাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম ব্যবহার করে। প্রযুক্তি জীবনকে সহজ করেছে। একজন শিক্ষার্থী ঘরে বসেই নতুন ভাষা শিখতে পারে, অনলাইন ক্লাস করতে পারে। একজন তরুণ উদ্যোক্তা খুব কম টাকায় ব্যবসা শুরু করতে পারে। সৃজনশীল মানুষ তাদের কাজ বিশ্বব্যাপী ছড়িয়ে দিতে পারে। কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা (AI) এখন তাদের জীবনের অংশ। তারা লেখালেখি, ডিজাইন, শিক্ষা এবং সমস্যা সমাধানে AI ব্যবহার করছে। তবে প্রযুক্তির অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার শারীরিক ও মানসিক সমস্যাও তৈরি করতে পারে। তাই সঠিক ব্যবহার খুব জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং শিক্ষা প্রযুক্তির কারণে শিক্ষা অনেক বদলে গেছে, আর জেন-জি এই পরিবর্তনের সুবিধা পাচ্ছে। আগে শিক্ষার্থীরা শুধু বই, শিক্ষক ও লাইব্রেরির উপর নির্ভর করত। এখন তারা অনলাইন কোর্স, ভিডিও, ওয়েবসাইট এবং ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরি ব্যবহার করতে পারে। এখন শেখা অনেক সহজ ও নমনীয়। শিক্ষার্থীরা ঘরে বসেই পড়তে পারে এবং বিশ্বের যেকোনো তথ্য পেতে পারে। তারা প্রোগ্রামিং, ডিজাইন, ভিডিও এডিটিংসহ নানা দক্ষতা শিখতে পারে। তবে কিছু সমস্যা আছে, যেমন সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় মনোযোগ নষ্ট হওয়া, তথ্যের অতিরিক্ত চাপ এবং সময় নষ্ট হওয়া। সাফল্যের জন্য শৃঙ্খলা ও মনোযোগ খুব জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম জেন-জির জীবনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। ফেসবুক, ইনস্টাগ্রাম, টিকটক, ইউটিউব ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করে তারা যোগাযোগ করে। এটি মানুষের সাথে যুক্ত থাকার সুযোগ দেয় এবং জ্ঞান ভাগ করার মাধ্যম তৈরি করে। তবে অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার মানসিক চাপ, উদ্বেগ, আসক্তি এবং তুলনামূলক হতাশা তৈরি করতে পারে। সাইবার বুলিংও একটি বড় সমস্যা। তাই সঠিক ও সীমিত ব্যবহার জরুরি। জেন-জি এবং যোগাযোগ জেন-জির যোগাযোগের ধরন অনেক পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে। তারা মেসেজ, ভিডিও কল এবং সামাজিক মাধ্যম ব্যবহার করে দ্রুত যোগাযোগ করে। তবে সরাসরি মুখোমুখি কথা বলা এখনো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, কারণ এটি সামাজিক দক্ষতা বাড়ায়। জেন-জি এবং ক্যারিয়ার জেন-জির ক্যারিয়ার চিন্তাভাবনা আগের চেয়ে আলাদা। তারা স্বাধীনতা, সৃজনশীলতা এবং কাজের সন্তুষ্টি চায়। তারা রিমোট কাজ, ফ্রিল্যান্সিং এবং উদ্যোক্তা হওয়ার দিকে বেশি আগ্রহী। জনপ্রিয় ক্ষেত্র: সফটওয়্যার ডেভেলপমেন্ট ডিজিটাল মার্কেটিং গ্রাফিক ডিজাইন কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা কনটেন্ট ক্রিয়েশন জেন-জি এবং উদ্যোক্তা হওয়া অনেক জেন-জি উদ্যোক্তা হতে চায়। ইন্টারনেটের কারণে তারা খুব সহজে ব্যবসা শুরু করতে পারে। তারা অনলাইনে পণ্য বিক্রি, ফ্রিল্যান্স কাজ এবং স্টার্টআপ তৈরি করে। জেন-জি এবং মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য জেন-জির একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা। পড়াশোনার চাপ, ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে চিন্তা এবং সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া চাপ তাদের মানসিকভাবে প্রভাবিত করে। তবে এখন তারা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য নিয়ে বেশি সচেতন। জেন-জি এবং সামাজিক পরিবর্তন জেন-জি সমাজ পরিবর্তনে সক্রিয়। তারা মানবাধিকার, সমতা, শিক্ষা ও ন্যায়বিচারের পক্ষে কাজ করে। জেন-জি এবং পরিবেশ তারা পরিবেশ রক্ষায় সচেতন। তারা গাছ লাগানো, পুনর্ব্যবহার এবং দূষণ কমানোর পক্ষে। চ্যালেঞ্জ তাদের চ্যালেঞ্জ: তথ্যের অতিরিক্ত চাপ ডিজিটাল আসক্তি মানসিক চাপ চাকরির প্রতিযোগিতা গোপনীয়তার ঝুঁকি ভবিষ্যৎ জেন-জি ভবিষ্যতে বিশ্বের নেতৃত্ব দেবে। তারা নতুন প্রযুক্তি তৈরি করবে এবং সমাজকে উন্নত করবে। উপসংহার জেন-জি একটি শক্তিশালী প্রজন্ম। তারা প্রযুক্তি, শিক্ষা, সমাজ ও বিশ্ব পরিবর্তনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখছে। সঠিকভাবে পরিচালিত হলে তারা একটি উন্নত ও সুন্দর পৃথিবী গড়তে পারবে। Vocabulary 200 Vocabulary (Gen Z Topic) with Bangla Meaning Basic Words (1–50) Generation – প্রজন্ম Youth – তরুণ সমাজ Teenager – কিশোর/কিশোরী Youngster – তরুণ Society – সমাজ Culture – সংস্কৃতি Tradition – ঐতিহ্য Modern – আধুনিক Future – ভবিষ্যৎ Present – বর্তমান Change – পরিবর্তন Transformation – রূপান্তর Development – উন্নয়ন Progress – অগ্রগতি Growth – বৃদ্ধি Lifestyle – জীবনধারা Habit – অভ্যাস Behavior – আচরণ Attitude – মনোভাব Mindset – মানসিকতা Awareness – সচেতনতা Responsibility – দায়িত্ব Opportunity – সুযোগ Challenge – চ্যালেঞ্জ Problem – সমস্যা Solution – সমাধান Success – সাফল্য Failure – ব্যর্থতা Achievement – অর্জন Goal – লক্ষ্য Aim – উদ্দেশ্য Dream – স্বপ্ন Vision – দৃষ্টি/ভাবনা Hope – আশা Fear – ভয় Confidence – আত্মবিশ্বাস Motivation – প্রেরণা Inspiration – অনুপ্রেরণা Determination – দৃঢ়সংকল্প Discipline – শৃঙ্খলা Hard work – কঠোর পরিশ্রম Effort – চেষ্টা Skill – দক্ষতা Talent – প্রতিভা Creativity – সৃজনশীলতা Innovation – উদ্ভাবন Idea – ধারণা Knowledge – জ্ঞান Learning – শিক্ষা গ্রহণ Education – শিক্ষা 💻 Technology & Digital Life (51–100) Technology – প্রযুক্তি Digital – ডিজিটাল Internet – ইন্টারনেট Smartphone – স্মার্টফোন Computer – কম্পিউটার Laptop – ল্যাপটপ Application – অ্যাপ্লিকেশন Software – সফটওয়্যার Hardware – হার্ডওয়্যার Platform – প্ল্যাটফর্ম Social media – সামাজিক যোগাযোগমাধ্যম Facebook – ফেসবুক Instagram – ইনস্টাগ্রাম YouTube – ইউটিউব TikTok – টিকটক Twitter/X – এক্স (টুইটার) Email – ইমেইল Message – বার্তা Chat – চ্যাট Video call – ভিডিও কল Online – অনলাইন Offline – অফলাইন Website – ওয়েবসাইট Browser – ব্রাউজার Search – অনুসন্ধান Upload – আপলোড Download – ডাউনলোড Stream – স্ট্রিম Digital content – ডিজিটাল কনটেন্ট Creator – নির্মাতা Influencer – প্রভাবশালী ব্যক্তি Cyber – সাইবার Security – নিরাপত্তা Privacy – গোপনীয়তা Hack – হ্যাক করা Data – তথ্য Cloud – ক্লাউড Artificial intelligence – কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা Algorithm – অ্যালগরিদম Machine learning – মেশিন লার্নিং Robotics – রোবোটিক্স Automation – স্বয়ংক্রিয়তা Innovation – উদ্ভাবন Upgrade – উন্নত করা Update – হালনাগাদ Digital era – ডিজিটাল যুগ Connectivity – সংযোগ Network – নেটওয়ার্ক Device – যন্ত্র Technology skill – প্রযুক্তিগত দক্ষতা 🌍 Society, Career & Life (101–150) Career – কর্মজীবন Job – চাকরি Employment – কর্মসংস্থান Unemployment – বেকারত্ব Profession – পেশা Business – ব্যবসা Entrepreneurship – উদ্যোক্তা হওয়া Startup – নতুন ব্যবসা Freelancer – স্বাধীন কর্মী Remote work – দূরবর্তী কাজ Office – অফিস Company – কোম্পানি Organization – প্রতিষ্ঠান Leadership – নেতৃত্ব Leader – নেতা Team – দল Teamwork – দলগত কাজ Cooperation – সহযোগিতা Collaboration – সহযোগিতা Communication – যোগাযোগ Relationship – সম্পর্ক Friendship – বন্ধুত্ব Family – পরিবার Society change – সমাজ পরিবর্তন Equality – সমতা Justice – ন্যায়বিচার Human rights – মানবাধিকার Freedom – স্বাধীনতা Respect – সম্মান Value – মূল্যবোধ Ethics – নৈতিকতা Moral – নৈতিক Law – আইন Rule – নিয়ম System – ব্যবস্থা Government – সরকার Politics – রাজনীতি Citizen – নাগরিক Nation – জাতি Country – দেশ Culture shift – সংস্কৃতি পরিবর্তন Globalization – বিশ্বায়ন Global – বৈশ্বিক Local – স্থানীয় Environment – পরিবেশ Pollution – দূষণ Climate change – জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন Sustainability – টেকসই উন্নয়ন Resource – সম্পদ Awareness campaign – সচেতনতা অভিযান 🧠 Mental Health & Personal Life (151–200) Mental health – মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য Stress – চাপ Anxiety – উদ্বেগ Depression – বিষণ্নতা Happiness – সুখ Sadness – দুঃখ Emotion – অনুভূতি Feeling – অনুভব Loneliness – একাকীত্ব Pressure – চাপ Relaxation – আরাম Meditation – ধ্যান Mindfulness – সচেতন মনোযোগ Therapy – চিকিৎসা/থেরাপি Counseling – পরামর্শ Balance – ভারসাম্য Lifestyle balance – জীবন ভারসাম্য Addiction – আসক্তি Social pressure – সামাজিক চাপ Screen time – পর্দার সময় Sleep – ঘুম Health – স্বাস্থ্য Physical health – শারীরিক স্বাস্থ্য Fitness – ফিটনেস Exercise – ব্যায়াম Diet – খাদ্যাভ্যাস Nutrition – পুষ্টি Energy – শক্তি Fatigue – ক্লান্তি Burnout – মানসিক ক্লান্তি Confidence loss – আত্মবিশ্বাস হারানো Self-esteem – আত্মসম্মান Personality – ব্যক্তিত্ব Identity – পরিচয় Expression – প্রকাশ Creativity flow – সৃজনশীল প্রবাহ Digital addiction – ডিজিটাল আসক্তি Cyberbullying – সাইবার বুলিং Online safety – অনলাইন নিরাপত্তা Awareness – সচেতনতা Responsibility – দায়িত্ব Self-control – আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ Time management – সময় ব্যবস্থাপনা Focus – মনোযোগ Discipline – শৃঙ্খলা Growth mindset – উন্নয়নমূলক মানসিকতা Positive thinking – ইতিবাচক চিন্তা Negative thinking – নেতিবাচক চিন্তা Self-improvement – আত্মউন্নয়ন Life goal – জীবনের লক্ষ্য Gen Z phrase 🔥 A. General Gen Z Slang (1–60) No cap – সত্যি কথা / মিথ্যা না Cap – মিথ্যা Bussin – খুব ভালো / অসাধারণ Bet – ঠিক আছে / চ্যালেঞ্জ গ্রহণ Lit – দারুণ / উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ Slay – দারুণভাবে সফল হওয়া Flex – দেখানো / অহংকার করা Lowkey – আংশিকভাবে / গোপনে Highkey – স্পষ্টভাবে / জোর দিয়ে Vibe – অনুভূতি / পরিবেশ Mood – বর্তমান অনুভূতি Main character energy – নিজের জীবনকে সিনেমার মতো ভাবা Rizz – আকর্ষণীয় কথা বলার ক্ষমতা Ghosting – হঠাৎ যোগাযোগ বন্ধ করা Drip – স্টাইল / ফ্যাশন W – Win / জয় L – Loss / হার Based – নিজের মতামতে দৃঢ় থাকা Sus – সন্দেহজনক Salty – রেগে থাকা Extra – অতিরিক্ত আচরণ Cringe – বিব্রতকর Glow up – উন্নতি / সুন্দর হওয়া Throw shade – পরোক্ষভাবে অপমান করা Cancel – বয়কট করা Ratio – কম জনপ্রিয় মতামত IYKYK – If you know you know Periodt – চূড়ান্ত কথা No thoughts, head empty – চিন্তাহীন অবস্থা It’s giving – মনে হচ্ছে / vibe দিচ্ছে Ate that – খুব ভালো করেছে Snatched – খুব সুন্দর / পারফেক্ট Slaps – খুব ভালো (music/food) Mid – সাধারণ / average Say less – বুঝেছি Deadass – একদম সত্যি Big yikes – বড় সমস্যা Cheugy – পুরনো স্টাইল Living rent-free – মাথায় ঘুরছে Touch grass – বাস্তব জীবনে যাও Zesty – অতিরিক্ত energy Shook – অবাক FOMO – মিস করার ভয় GOAT – সেরা (Greatest of All Time) Bet that – নিশ্চিতভাবে Woke – সচেতন NPC – অস্বাভাবিকভাবে সাধারণ মানুষ Skrrt – দ্রুত চলে যাওয়া Vibe check – অনুভূতি যাচাই Hits different – আলাদা অনুভূতি Dead – খুব হাসি পাওয়া Stan – অন্ধ ভক্ত Tea – গসিপ Spill the tea – গসিপ বলা Ship – সম্পর্ক পছন্দ করা Toxic – ক্ষতিকর সম্পর্ক Simp – অতিরিক্ত প্রেমে পড়া Buss down – স্টাইলিশভাবে সাজা Glow down – খারাপ হয়ে যাওয়া Big energy – শক্তিশালী ব্যক্তিত্ব B. Social Media & Internet Phrases (61–120) DM me – আমাকে মেসেজ কর Slide into DMs – হঠাৎ মেসেজ করা Post it or didn’t happen – প্রমাণ ছাড়া বিশ্বাস নেই Story time – গল্প শেয়ার করা Unfollow energy – দূরে থাকার মনোভাব Algorithm blessing – সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া সহায়তা Going viral – দ্রুত জনপ্রিয় হওয়া Content creator life – কনটেন্ট বানানোর জীবন Influencer era – ইনফ্লুয়েন্সার যুগ Feed aesthetic – সুন্দর প্রোফাইল Engagement boost – বেশি রিঅ্যাকশন পাওয়া Shadow banned – লুকানো ব্লক Verified vibes – আসল/বিশ্বাসযোগ্য Link in bio – প্রোফাইল লিংক Reels grind – ভিডিও বানানোর কাজ Swipe up – লিংকে যাওয়া Collab energy – একসাথে কাজ করা Trending now – এখন জনপ্রিয় Hashtag game – হ্যাশট্যাগ ব্যবহার Meme culture – মিম সংস্কৃতি Internet broke – খুব ভাইরাল হওয়া Screenshot proof – প্রমাণ Uncaptioned vibes – ক্যাপশন ছাড়া ছবি Edited reality – ফিল্টার করা বাস্তবতা Fake it till you make it – ভান করে সফল হওয়া Digital footprint – অনলাইন উপস্থিতি Online persona – অনলাইন পরিচয় Content overload – অনেক কনটেন্ট Scroll addiction – বারবার স্ক্রল করা Double tap life – লাইক সংস্কৃতি Story repost – আবার শেয়ার করা Clout chasing – জনপ্রিয়তা খোঁজা Cancel culture – বয়কট সংস্কৃতি Meme lord – মিম মাস্টার Viral moment – ভাইরাল মুহূর্ত Internet culture – অনলাইন সংস্কৃতি Reel addiction – রিল আসক্তি TikTok brain – ছোট ভিডিও অভ্যাস Digital drama – অনলাইন ঝগড়া Social buzz – অনলাইন আলোড়ন C. Lifestyle & Attitude Phrases (121–200) Self-love era – নিজের যত্নের সময় Healing journey – মানসিক সুস্থতার পথ Main character arc – নিজের গল্প উন্নতি Soft life – শান্ত জীবন Hustle culture – কঠোর পরিশ্রম সংস্কৃতি Burnout phase – ক্লান্ত সময় Work-life balance – কাজ ও জীবনের ভারসাম্য Mental reset – নতুনভাবে শুরু Growth mindset – উন্নতির মানসিকতা Emotional intelligence – আবেগ বোঝার ক্ষমতা Peace over drama – শান্তি বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Inner peace – মানসিক শান্তি Good energy only – ভালো পরিবেশ Protect your energy – নিজেকে রক্ষা করা Self-care day – নিজের যত্নের দিন Unbothered era – চিন্তাহীন জীবন Focus mode – মনোযোগী অবস্থা Glow mindset – উন্নতির চিন্তা Healthy boundaries – সীমানা নির্ধারণ No negativity zone – নেতিবাচকতা নেই Life upgrade – জীবন উন্নতি Fresh start – নতুন শুরু Level up – উন্নতি করা Reset button – নতুনভাবে শুরু Growth phase – উন্নতির সময় Work grind – কঠোর পরিশ্রম Dream chasing – স্বপ্ন অনুসরণ Stay consistent – নিয়মিত থাকা Motivation boost – অনুপ্রেরণা Self discipline – আত্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ Chill mode – আরামদায়ক অবস্থা Real ones only – সত্যিকারের মানুষ No pressure vibe – চাপহীন পরিবেশ Balanced life – ভারসাম্যপূর্ণ জীবন Mindful living – সচেতন জীবন Positive mindset – ইতিবাচক চিন্তা Let it flow – স্বাভাবিকভাবে চলা Trust the process – প্রক্রিয়ায় বিশ্বাস Keep going – এগিয়ে যাও Stay real – আসল থাকা Low effort vibe – সহজ জীবন High standards – উচ্চ মান Self-worth – নিজের মূল্য Inner glow – ভিতরের সৌন্দর্য Calm energy – শান্ত শক্তি Focused life – লক্ষ্যভিত্তিক জীবন Dream big – বড় স্বপ্ন Stay humble – বিনয়ী থাকা Hard work pays – পরিশ্রম ফল দেয় Never settle – কমে সন্তুষ্ট না হওয়া Silent grind – নীরব পরিশ্রম Success mindset – সফলতার চিন্তা Time management – সময় ব্যবস্থাপনা Life balance – জীবন ভারসাম্য Personal growth – ব্যক্তিগত উন্নতি Mental clarity – পরিষ্কার চিন্তা Positive vibe only – শুধু ভালো vibe Keep evolving – উন্নতি করতে থাকা Be yourself – নিজের মতো হও Authentic life – আসল জীবন No comparison – তুলনা না করা Own pace – নিজের গতিতে Self respect – আত্মসম্মান Inner strength – ভিতরের শক্তি Emotional balance – আবেগ নিয়ন্ত্রণ Healthy mind – সুস্থ মন Growth journey – উন্নতির পথ Stay strong – শক্ত থাকা Keep learning – শেখা চালিয়ে যাও Never stop – থেমে যেও না Rise up – উঠে দাঁড়াও New mindset – নতুন চিন্তা Self belief – নিজের উপর বিশ্বাস Positive habits – ভালো অভ্যাস Life goals – জীবনের লক্ষ্য Focus energy – শক্তি কেন্দ্রীভূত Calm mind – শান্ত মন Better version – উন্নত সংস্করণ Daily improvement – প্রতিদিন উন্নতি Self growth path – উন্নতির পথ Keep shining – উজ্জ্বল হও Inner peace journey – শান্তির যাত্রা No regrets – অনুতাপ নেই Smart choices – বুদ্ধিমান সিদ্ধান্ত Life upgrade mode – উন্নতির মোড Strong mindset – শক্ত মানসিকতা Self made – নিজে তৈরি Stay motivated – অনুপ্রাণিত থাকো Life vision – জীবনের লক্ষ্য Success path – সফলতার পথ Keep pushing – চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাও Growth energy – উন্নতির শক্তি Self awareness – আত্মসচেতনতা Stay positive – ইতিবাচক থাকো Focus goals – লক্ষ্যে মনোযোগ Real growth – সত্যিকারের উন্নতি Better future – ভালো ভবিষ্যৎ Self improvement – নিজেকে উন্নত করা Dream life – স্বপ্নের জীবন Never give up – কখনো হাল ছেড়ো না 20 interesting facts about Gen Z (Generation Z) Gen Z generally includes people born from 1997 to 2012 (approx.). They are the first generation to grow up with smartphones and social media from childhood. Most Gen Z users prefer short videos like TikTok, Reels, and YouTube Shorts. They are very active on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Snapchat. Gen Z communicates a lot using slang, emojis, and memes. They are more likely to learn online than from traditional books only. Many Gen Z students prefer YouTube tutorials for studying. They care strongly about mental health awareness. They value work-life balance more than older generations. Gen Z is highly interested in freelancing and online income. They are comfortable with remote work and digital jobs. Many Gen Z users are content creators (YouTubers, TikTokers, streamers). They are more aware of climate change and environmental issues. Gen Z prefers authentic and real content, not overly polished media. They often multitask while using devices (scrolling, watching, chatting). They are the most digitally connected generation in history. Gen Z is more open to diversity and different cultures. They dislike traditional strict systems and prefer freedom of expression. Many Gen Z people learn skills through online courses and apps. They are shaping new trends in fashion, language, and internet culture. Bangla translation of the 20 Gen Z facts: জেন জি সাধারণত ১৯৯৭ থেকে ২০১২ সালের মধ্যে জন্ম নেওয়া প্রজন্মকে বোঝায়। তারা ছোটবেলা থেকেই স্মার্টফোন ও সামাজিক মাধ্যমের সাথে বেড়ে উঠেছে। জেন জি ব্যবহারকারীরা ছোট ভিডিও (TikTok, Reels, YouTube Shorts) বেশি পছন্দ করে। তারা Instagram, TikTok এবং Snapchat-এ খুব সক্রিয়। তারা স্ল্যাং, ইমোজি এবং মিম ব্যবহার করে বেশি যোগাযোগ করে। তারা প্রচলিত বইয়ের চেয়ে অনলাইনে শেখাকে বেশি পছন্দ করে। অনেক জেন জি শিক্ষার্থী YouTube টিউটোরিয়াল দেখে পড়াশোনা করে। তারা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্য সচেতনতা নিয়ে খুব গুরুত্ব দেয়। তারা কাজ ও ব্যক্তিগত জীবনের ভারসাম্যকে বেশি মূল্য দেয়। জেন জি ফ্রিল্যান্সিং ও অনলাইন আয়ে বেশি আগ্রহী। তারা রিমোট কাজ ও ডিজিটাল চাকরিতে স্বাচ্ছন্দ্য বোধ করে। অনেক জেন জি কনটেন্ট ক্রিয়েটর (YouTuber, TikToker, streamer)। তারা জলবায়ু পরিবর্তন ও পরিবেশ নিয়ে বেশি সচেতন। তারা আসল ও প্রাকৃতিক কনটেন্ট পছন্দ করে, অতিরিক্ত সাজানো নয়। তারা একসাথে একাধিক কাজ (multitasking) করে। তারা ইতিহাসের সবচেয়ে বেশি ডিজিটালভাবে সংযুক্ত প্রজন্ম। জেন জি বিভিন্ন সংস্কৃতি ও বৈচিত্র্যের প্রতি বেশি উন্মুক্ত। তারা কঠোর নিয়ম পছন্দ করে না, মত প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতা চায়। অনেক জেন জি অনলাইন কোর্স ও অ্যাপ থেকে দক্ষতা শিখে। তারা ফ্যাশন, ভাষা এবং ইন্টারনেট সংস্কৃতিতে নতুন ট্রেন্ড তৈরি করছে।

Final Suggestion for HSC English 1st & 2nd Papers English 1st Paper Suggestion-2026 Seen Comprehension (English 1st Q1-A&B) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Seen Passages for HSC English 1st Paper Examination-2026 / Important Passages for HSC English 1st Paper Flow Chart Completion (English 1st Paper Q. 2) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Flow Chart Completion for HSC English 1st Paper Examination-2026 / Important Flow Chart Completion for HSC English 1st Paper Information Transfer (English 1st Paper Q. 2) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Information Transfer for HSC English 1st Paper Examination-2026 / Important Information Transfer for HSC English 1st Paper Summary Writing (Eng 1st Q. 3) Suggestion for HSC Examination 2026 / Most Important Summaries for HSC Examination 2026/ Seen Passages' Summary Writing of HSC English 1st Paper With Clues (Eng.1st Q.4 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important With Clues for HSC 2026 / With clues for HSC English 1st Paper Examination 2026 Without Clues (Eng.1st Q.5 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Without Clues for HSC 2026 / Without clues for HSC English 1st Paper Examination 2026 / Cloze Test (without clues) for HSC Exam Rearranging (Eng.1st Q.6 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Rearranging for HSC 2026 / Rearranging for HSC English 1st Paper Examination 2026 / Rearranging (without clues) for HSC Exam Paragraph (Eng1st Q.7 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 Completing Story (Eng 1st Q.8 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 Letter/ Email (Eng 1st Q.9 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 Graphs / Charts (Eng 1st Q.10 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 Theme Writing (Eng 1st Q.11 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 HSC Examination 2026 Subject: English 1st Paper Total Marks: 100 Part A: Reading (60 Marks) Topic Marks MCQ (guessing meaning from context) 05 Comprehension questions 10 Information transfer / Flow chart 10 Summarizing 10 Cloze test with clues 05 Cloze test without clues 10 Rearranging 10 Part B: Writing (40 Marks) Topic Marks Writing a paragraph by answering questions 10 Completing a story 07 Writing informal letters / e-mails 05 Analyzing maps / graphs / charts 10 Appreciating short stories / poems 08 English 2nd Paper Suggestion for HSC 2026 1. Article (Eng 2nd Q.1 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Article Practice for HSC 2026 2. Preposition (Eng 2nd Q.2 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Preposition Practice for HSC 2026 3. Special Use of Some Phrases (Eng 2nd Q.3 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Special Use of Some Phrases Practice for HSC 2026 4. Completing Sentences (Eng 2nd Q.4 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Completing Sentences Practice for HSC 2026 5. Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs (Eng 2nd Q.5 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs Practice for HSC 2026 6. Transformation (Eng 2nd Q.6 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Transformation Practice for HSC 2026 7. Narration (Eng 2nd Q.7 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Narration Practice for HSC 2026 8. Pronoun Referencing (Eng 2nd Q.8 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Pronoun Referencing Practice for HSC 2026 9. Modifiers (Eng 2nd Q.9 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Modifiers Practice for HSC 2026 10. Connectors (Eng 2nd Q.10 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Sentence Connectors Practice for HSC 2026 11. Synonym and Antonym (Eng 2nd Q.11 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Synonym and Antonym Practice for HSC 2026 12. Punctuation (Eng 2nd Q.12 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Punctuation Practice for HSC 2026 13. Applications / Emails (Eng 2nd Q.13 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 14.Report Writing (Eng 2nd Q.14 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 15. Paragraph (Eng 2nd Q.15 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 16. Composition (Eng 2nd Q.16 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 HSC Examination 2026 English 2nd Paper Total Marks: 100 Marks Distribution Overview Component Total Marks Part A: Grammar 60 Part B: Composition 40 Part A: Grammar (60 Marks) Each item carries 05 marks. There are 12 grammar items in total. Sl. No. Grammar Test Items Marks 01 Gap filling activities without clues (for articles) 05 02 Gap filling activities without clues (for preposition) 05 03 Gap filling with clues (Special uses of phrases/words) 05 04 Completing sentences (use of conditionals, phrase, and clause) 05 05 Use of verbs (Right form of verbs & Subject-verb agreement) 05 06 Changing sentences (Voice, Sentence types, Degrees) 05 07 Narrative style (Direct to Indirect speech and vice versa) 05 08 Pronoun reference / Pronoun agreement 05 09 Use of modifiers 05 10 Use of sentence connectors 05 11 Use of synonym and antonym 05 12 Punctuation 05 Part B: Composition (40 Marks) Sl. No. Composition Test Items Marks 13 Formal letter / E-mail writing 08 14 Report writing 08 15 Paragraph writing 10 16 Free writing (200-250 words) 14

Information Transfer (English 1st Paper Q. 2) Final Suggestion-2027 Question No-2 : Information Transfer (HSC) 1. Read the text and complete the table below with the given information:— [B. B. 2017] 1x10=10 I declared that the Assembly would continue to meet. But suddenly on the 1st of March the Assembly was shut down. Mr. Yahya Khan called the session of the Assembly in his capacity as the President and I declared I would be attending it. Mr. Bhutto said he wouldn't be part of it. Thirty-five members of the Assembly came from West Pakistan to take part in its proceedings. But it was dissolved all of a sudden. The blame was put on the people of Bengal, the finger was pointed at me! After the Assembly's session was prorogued, the people of this country protested. I told them, "Observe the General Strike we have called peacefully." I told them" Shut down all mills and factories." Our people responded to my call. They came to the streets spontaneously. They expressed their firm determination to carry out the struggle peacefully. What have we got in return? Those who brought arms with our money to defend us from external enemies are now using those arms on the poor, -the wretched, -the downtrodden people of the land. Bullets are being aimed at their hearts. We constitute the majority in Pakistan; but whenever we Bengalis have tried to assume power they have used force on us. Who/What Event/Activity Where/Place When/How The Assembly was shut down (i).......... Mr. Yahya Khan (ii)........ as the president. Bangabandhu (iii) ......... to meet. (iv) ........ disagreed to join Thirty five the Assembly joined the (v).......... members (vi).... Assembly was dissolved (vii)......... Bangabandhu told the people (viii) peacefully. The people (ix) ........ to the streets (x).......... 2. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people’s emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. “I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days,” Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa’s first black president in 1994, ... “The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.” “We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation.’’ What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where Nelson Mendela (i) .... for a long period for (ii) (iii) ........... faciliated him to win the appreciation (iv) ............... (V)........... had waged war against race discrimination (vi)....... in a country where apartheid was prevalent. Nelson Mandela was (vii) ........ in 1994 (viii)............ The people of South Africa at last (ix) ........... (x) .......... in an African country. 3. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: “Don't call me. I’ll call you.” But he remained one of the world’s most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. “He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are,” Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world’s most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country’s borders. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where Nelson Mandela as an advocate of human dignity played (i) ...... from political repression to AIDS and took every challenge (ii) ...... (iii)......... gave up public life (iv) ....... Nelson Mandela told his countrymen “Don't call me. I’ll call you.” (V)....... As (vi) ....... Nelson Mandela combined iconic sparkle with (vii) ..... (viii) .......... spoke highly of Mandela by saying (ix) The years Mandela spent in the prison made him a leader of mythic stature for the oppressed people even (x)..... 4. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 1) Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities,” he told the court. “It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him “Madiba,” the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where Nelson Mandela was charged with (i) ......... (ii) .......... Mandela waged war against (iii).......... (iv) ........... Nelson Mandela (v) .....about his ideology. Mandela (vi) .....to (vii) ......of the African people. (viii) ....of Mandela warmly called him (ix) .......by which he was familiar to the clan (x)...... 5. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby get economic, political, and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal’s history of those years is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them repeatedly. Twenty- three years of a history of men and women in agony! The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years. In 1966 when we launched the six point movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place. What/Who Event/Activity What/When Where (i).......... voted Bangabandhu and the Awami League to sit (ii) .......... The members of the National Assembly were to draft (iii).........for themselves The people of this land (iv)........the Awami League to get (v) .......... The people of Bangladesh first (vi)........... (vii).......... on the streets of Dhaka. (viii).......... declared Martial Law to enslave us (ix).......... (x) ........... was launched in 1966. 6. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) I’ve met President Yahya Khan. I’ve made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: “You must hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January.” But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We said, “Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then.” I said we will carry out our discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was just, even though we were in the majority we would agree to that offer. Mr. Bhutto came here; he carried out discussions with us; he had said that the doors of negotiations had not been shut and that there would be further negotiations. I then had talks with other leaders; I said to them, “Come and sit down with us; let’s create a constitution for ourselves through discussions.” But Mr. Bhutto declared that if West Pakistani members came here the Assembly would end up as a slaughterhouse. He claimed that whoever came here would be slaughtered. He said that if anyone showed up here all shops from Peshawar to Karachi would be shut down. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/How When/Where (i) ....... was requested to hold the session of the National Assembly (ii) ............ (iii)......... (iv)........... in the first week of March. 1971. (V) ........ came to Dhaka and carried out (vi)........with Bangabandhu and the Awami League. If (vii)......... came to Dhaka, the Assembly would end up (viii) ........ (ix).......... would be shut down (x) ........... 7. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) My brothers, The Assembly has been called into session on the 25th of March. But the blood spilled on our streets has not yet dried. About the 10th of this month, I have told them: Mujibur Rahman won’t join the Round Table Conference because that would mean wading over the blood that has been shed. Although you have called the Assembly into session, you’ll have to listen to my demands first. You’ll have to withdraw Martial Law. You’ll have to return all army personnel to their barracks. You’ll have to investigate the way our people have been murdered. And you’ll have to transfer power to the representatives of the people. It is only then that I’ll decide whether we will take our seats in the Assembly or not. I don’t want the Prime Minister’s office. We want the people of this country to have their rights. I want to state clearly that from this day Bangladesh’s courts, magistracies, government offices and educational institutions will be shut down indefinitely. So that the poor don’t have to suffer, so that my people don’t have to go through hardships, all other things will be exempted from the General Strike from tomorrow. Rickshaws, horse carriages, trains, and launches will be allowed to move. Only the Secretariat, the Supreme Court, the High Court, Judges’ Court, and semi-government organizations such as WAPDA will not be allowed to work. On the 28th employees will go and collect their salaries. If their salaries are not paid, if another bullet is fired, if my people are shot dead again, I request all of you: convert every house into a fort: confront the enemy with whatever you have. And even at the risk of your life, and even if I am not around to direct you, shut down all shops and make sure that traffic on all roads and ports are brought to a standstill. If need be, we will starve to death, but we’ll go down striving for our rights.. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How (i) ........... (ii)........ on the 25th of March, 1971. (iii) ........ won’t participate in (iv) .......... Bangabandhu urged to (v) ...... (vi)......... first. Mujibur Rahman didn't want (vii) .......... Bangladesh’s courts and other offices would remain closed (viii) .......... (ix) ........ would attend their offices to collect (x) .......... 8. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 2) To those in the armed forces I have this to say: you are my brothers; stay in your barracks and no one will bother you. But don’t try again to aim your bullets at our chests. You can’t suppress seventy million people forever. Since we have learned to sacrifice ourselves no one can suppress us any more. And as for our martyrs and those who have been wounded, we in the Awami League will do everything we can to assist them and their loved ones. If you have the means, please give what little you can to our Relief Committee. To owners of factories whose workers had participated in the General Strike the last seven days I have this to say: make sure that they are paid wages for those days. To government employees I have this to tell: you’ll have to listen to my directives. Till our country is liberated, taxes and custom duties won’t be collected. No one will pay them either. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where (i) .......... were rquested to stay (ii) ....... The military should not try again to aim (iii) ........ (iv)....... The members in (v).......... would do for the martyrs and the wounded (vi)........... (vii)......... were requested to pay the workers (viii) ........... Bangladesh’s courts and other offices would remain closed (viii) .......... (ix)........... were requested not to collect (x) ........ 9. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village Maslennikovo, Tutayevsky District, in Central Russia. Tereshkova's father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. Tereshkova began school in 1945 at the age of eight, but left school in 1953 and continued her education through distance learning. She became interested in parachuting from a young age, and trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. At that time she was employed as a textile worker in a local factory. It was her expertise in skydiving that led to her selection as a cosmonaut. After the flight of Yuri Gagarin (the first human being to travel to outer space in 1961), the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, "proletaria" Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Tereshkova had to undergo a series of training that included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jumps and pilot training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How At the age of eight (i) .......... (ii) ......... (iii).... But Tereshkova left school forever (iv) .......... and continued her education (v).......... She (vi) ......... in sky driving (vii)......... Tereshkova at the age of 22 (viii) asa textile worker (ix) ........ (x) ........ selected Tereshkova to send her in the space. 10. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere. Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried Valary Bykovsy into a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometers at one point, and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where Tereshkova (i)............ and spent almost three days (ii) ............. Tereshkova’s flight log and photographs of the horizon were later used to identify (iii) ....... (iv) ......... (v)....... carried Valary Bykovsy for five days (vi) (vii) ........ (viii) ........... within 5 kilometers at one point. By radio (ix)....... communicated with Bykovsky (x)......... 11. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Chawla was bom in Kamal, India. She completed her earlier schooling at Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Kamal. She is the first Indian-born woman and the second person in space from this sub-continent. After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, India, in 1982, Chawla moved to the United States the same year. She obtained her Master's degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Texas in 1984. Later she did her Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering in 1988 from the University of Colorado. Determined to become an astronaut even in the face of the Challenger disaster 1986 that broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members, Chawla joined NASA in 1988. She began working as a Vice President where she did Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) research on vertical take-off and landing. In 1991 she got U.S. citizenship and started her career as a NASA astronaut in 1995. She was selected for her first flight in 1996. She spoke the following words while travelling in the weightlessness of space, "You are just your intelligence." She had travelled 10.67 million miles, as many as 252 times around the Earth. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where Kalpana Chawla,(i) .... completed her primary schooling (ii)...... After graduating in Aeronautical Engineering, Chawla (iii) ......... in 1982. She (iv) ..... in Aerospace Engineering after obtaining (v) .... in 1988 (vi)....... Chawla (vii) .......... to become (viii) ............... Chawla (ix) ........... in the same year when she did her Ph.D. She started her profession as a NASA astronaut (x) ........... 12. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 1, Lesson - 3) Her first space mission (Mission STS 87) began on 19 November 1997 with six other astronauts on the Space Shuttle Columbia. On her first mission that lasted for 15 days, 16 hours, 34 minutes and 4 seconds, she travelled 6.5 million miles. She was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which however malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by Winston Scott and Tako Doi, two of her fellow astronauts, to retrieve the satellite. In 2000 she was selected for her second space mission STS 107. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems. On 16 January 2003, Kanpana Chawla finally started her new mission with six other space crews on the ill-fated space shuttle Columbia. She was one of the mission specialists. Chawla's responsibilities included the microgravity experiments, for which the crew conducted nearly 80 experiments studying earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. After a 16 day scientific mission in space, on 1 February 2003, Columbia disintegrated over Texas during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. All the crew in Columbia including Chawla died only 16 minutes prior to their scheduled landing. Investigation shows that this fatal accident happened due to a damage in one of Columbia's wings caused by a piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeling off during the launch. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases penetrated the interior of the wing, destroying the support structure and causing the rest of the shuttle to break down. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where (i) .........with six other astronauts (ii) ......... (iii) ......... on the Space Shuttle Columbia. (iv) ......... retrieved (v) ......... in the space. Chawla was selected for her second space mission (vi) ......... Chawla with six other space crew (vii) ......... (viii) ......... on the ill-fated space shuttle Columbia. (ix) ......... disintegrated over Texas during its re­entry after a 16 day scientific mission (x) ......... 13. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 1) When you are in the driving seat of a car, you have the steering and the horn in your hands, the brake and accelerator under your feet, eyes open looking ahead, left and right. The same can be said about a motorcycle rider, with some modifications. These are all very visible. But, behind all, there is something that keeps working unseen. And that is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), your brain. CPUs are artificially intelligent machines that are programmed to do specific jobs under fixed conditions and judgments. But the human brain is intelligent by nature. It is the most sophisticated machine that is able to operate on ever-changing conditions and standards of judgment. As conditions in the traffic keep invariably changing, this virtue of sophistication of your brain must be at work when you are driving. The difference between traffic in the roads and highways and racing circuit must not be blurring inside you. Never imagine yourself to be a Michael Schumacher driving an F-l at 300 mph. Leave no room for fantasy. You must always be ready to encounter unexpected behavior from any vehicle or pedestrian. 'Keep your cool' is easy to advice but difficult to maintain. Still you must always restrain yourself because, at the end of the day, you don't want to be regarded as a killer. Now you see, the last thing that differentiates you from a computer is your conscience. What/Who Event/Occurrence Reasons/What Where/How (i).......... keeps eyes open looking ahead, left and right (ii) ......... (iii)........ (iv) ......... are artificially intelligent machines with programmes (v)........ (vi) ......... (vii)........ is the most sophisticated machine (viii) ........ (ix) ......... drives an F-l (x)....... 14. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10(Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) I am in a tiny steel cage attached to a motorcycle, stuttering through traffic in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In the last ten minutes, we have moved forward maybe three feet, inch by inch, the driver wrenching the wheel left and right, wriggling deeper into the wedge between a delivery truck and a rickshaw in front of us. Up ahead, the traffic is jammed so close together that pedestrians are climbing over pickup trucks and through empty rickshaws to cross the street. Two rows to my left is an ambulance, blue light spinning uselessly. This is what the streets here look like from seven o’clock in the morning until ten o’clock at night. If you’re rich, you experience it from the back seat of a car. If you're poor, you’re in a rickshaw, breathing in the exhaust. I’m sitting in the back of a CNG, a three-wheeled motorcycle shaped like a slice of pie and covered with scrap metal. I'm here working on a human rights project, but whenever I ask people in Dhaka what they think international organizations should really be working on, they tell me about the traffic. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/Why Where/How (i)...... is in a tiny small cage (h) ....... Because of traffic jam (iii) ........ are climbing over pickup trucks (iv) ....... (v) ...... (vi) ........ look like (vii) ..... from morning until ten o’clock at night. CNG, (viii) ..... is shaped like (ix) ........ and covered (x) ........ 15. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) Then there are the users of the roads. Besides pedestrians, the narrow lanes are shared by bicycles, rickshaws, scooters, motorcycles, CNGs, buses, and cars. All these modes take up a different amount of space and have different top speeds. Most people you talk to in Bangladesh blame the traffic jams on the rickshaws. There are too many of them, they say, and they drive so slowly that they trap the cars, buses, and CNGs behind them. The government is under pressure to designate some lanes as car-only, to build wider roads and overpasses, to take the slow traffic out from in front of the fast. And this brings us to the third reason why the traffic problem is so difficult to solve. All of these fixes sound easy and obvious, but they come at a cost. One and a half million people drive rickshaws for a living, plus another few hundred thousand own and repair them. Government efforts to get people out of rickshaws and into buses and trains are going to attract huge opposition. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/Why Where/How (i)............ (ii) ............by various types of vehicles. (iii) ............ blame the traffic jam on (iv) ............ (v) ............ (vi) ............ for taking various steps. (vii)............ drive rickshaws (viii) ............ (ix) ............ (x)..........against rickshaws are going to attract huge opposition. 16. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10=10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 2) The obvious solution is to separate the rickshaws from the cars, from the CNGs, give each of them lanes and lights according to their top speed, and, crucially, make car drivers pay the cost of taking up more space on the roads. But that, politically speaking, is unrealistic. Car owners are a small part of the population, but they are the most influential. Every year, Dhaka adds an extra 37,000 cars to its already overcrowded roads. Think about all this from a Bangladeshi politician’s point of view. Any attempt to solve the traffic mess means annoying the poor, the middle class, and the rich all at once. Thanks to the donors, In 2012, the government announced a $2.75 billion plan to build a metro rail system and a $45 million bus rapid-transit line from the airport. For residents of Dhaka, it will come as a relief. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where (i) ............ is to separate (ii) ............ (iii) ............ are made to pay the cost of taking up (iv) ............ (v) ............ (vi) ............ adds an extra number of cars (vii) ............ (viii) ............ (ix) ............ announced a plan to build a metro rail system (x) ............ 17. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information. 1x10 = 10 (Unit - 2, Lesson - 4) The persona of a traffic policeman has always been a curious one. It has often found important space and close treatment in literature and other arts. Besides the many poems about this fascinating character, there is at least one movie where the central character is a traffic policeman. In 1963, Greek film maker Filippos Fylaktos made this film named My Brother, the Traffic Policeman. It featured a slightly manic traffic policeman, Antonis Pikrocholos, who is utterly devoted to service and duty, and applies the traffic code with unyielding severity. Tickets rain down upon law-breakers in particular taxi-drivers and especially Lampros, who happens to be in love with Pikrocholos' sister, Fofo. In his turn, the traffic policeman is in love with a businessman's daughter, Kiki, who is afraid to reveal her feelings to her father. Besides, Antonis has given lots of traffic tickets to a bus belonging to her father’s company. For all these reasons, the road to marriage for both couples is long and strewn with obstacles, but the outcome is a happy one for everyone involved. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How (i) ............ has often found important space (ii) ............ (iii) ............ have been written to sketch (iv) ............ (V) ............ (vi) ............named ‘My Brother, the Traffic Policeman’ (vii) ............ (viii) ............ is completely dedicated to service and duty and applies the traffic code (ix) ............ A businessman’s daughter, Kiki afraid to reveal her father (x) ............ 18.Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10= 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 1) Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the capital's markets, a recent survey has found. A 15-member team of the National Food Safety Laboratory, with support from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), came up with the findings after collecting and testing food samples from the capital's Gulshan, Karwanbazar and Mohakhali markets. The survey report, a copy of which was acquired by the Dhaka Tribune, read that nearly 40% of 82 samples of milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables contained banned pesticides such as DDT, Aldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor. The amounts of pesticide in these samples were found to be 3 to 20 times greater than the limits set by the European Union. Around 50% vegetables and 35% fruits were found to be contaminated with unsafe level of pesticides. Analysing more than 30 samples of turmeric powder (branded, packaged and open), the team also found that nearly 30% of the samples contained traces of lead chromate, which can be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. These samples also contained lead at 20 to 50 times above the safety limit of 2.5 parts per million set by the Bangladesh Standard Testing Institute (BSTI). Arsenic and chromium above safety limits were detected in a total of 5 out of 13 rice samples. Using a sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method developed by the Food Safety Lab, 66 samples were analysed for the presence of formaldehyde. Adulteration was thereby detected in samples of coriander, mango and fresh shrimps. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How (i) ......... collected and tested food samples (ii) ......... (iii) ......... published the survey report (iv) ......... (v) ......... read that milk, milk products, fish, fruits and vegetables contained (vi)......... (Vii) ......... were found to be contaminated (viii) ......... (ix) ......... above safety limits (x) ......... in a total of 5 out of 13 rice samples. 19. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 1) The tests indicated that poultry feed in the country had also been contaminated, as samples of chicken and fish contained traces of antibiotics. High microbial populations were found in several samples of pasteurized milk, indicating poor processing procedures by the manufacturers. Samples of cucumber and street foods also showed high microbial populations, suggesting widespread contamination in the water supply. The Director of Institute of Public Health (IPH), told the Dhaka Tribune that the survey report has been submitted to the Health Ministry. Further tests of different products were being carried out at the Food Safety Lab. A former Director General of the Health Services and senior national adviser of the FAO, said the findings were shocking for the whole nation. He added that instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Pointing out that there were four steps in the production process-farmer, transport, wholesale, and retail trader, - he said better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. Adulterated food products are reportedly the cause behind thousands of people suffering from fatal diseases like cancer, kidney failure and heart problems. Health specialists told the Dhaka Tribune that the Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products, they added. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How (i) ......... had also been contaminated (ii) ......... High microbial populations (iii) ......... (iv)......... (v) ......... were being carried out (vi) ......... (vii) ......... said that the findings were shocking for (viii) ......... (ix) ......... (x) ......... food adulteration. 20. Read the passage and complete the table with the given information.1x10 = 10 (Unit - 3, Lesson - 2) I caught sight of her at the play, and in answer to her beckoning, I went over during the interval and sat down beside her. It was long since I had last seen her, and if someone had not mentioned her name I hardly think I would have recognized her. She addressed me brightly. "Well, it's many years since we first met. How time does fly! We're none of us getting any younger. Do you remember the first time I saw you? You asked me to luncheon." Did I remember? It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. I had a tiny apartment in the Latin quarter overlooking a cemetery, and I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together. She had read a book of mine and had written to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from her another letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me; but her time was limited, and the only free moment she had was on the following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg and would I give her a little luncheon at Foyot's afterwards? Foyot's is a restaurant at which the French senators eat, and it was so far beyond my means that I had never even thought of going there. But I was flattered, and I was too young to have learned to say no to a woman. ... I had eighty francs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheon should not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks I could manage well enough. What/Who Event/Occurrence What/When Where/How The writer (i) ......... after a long time (ii) ......... He (iii) ......... twenty years ago (iv) ......... The lady (v) ......... (vi).........of the writer. She (vii) ......... the morning (viii) ......... (ix) ......... would eat (x) .........

Modifiers - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Rules · Modifiers ( All Rules and List of Modifiers in short) · Dangling Modifiers · Modifiers - all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams HSC Board Questions · Modifier of HSC Examination 2025 (All Board Questions with Answers · Modifiers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2016-2015) · Modifiers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2018-2017) · Modifiers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2020-2019) · Modifiers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2022-2021) · Modifiers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2024-2023) · Modifier Practice for HSC Examination 5.1 with Answer · Modifier Practice for HSC Examination (All Board Questions-5.0)

Phrases / Special Use of Some Words and Phrases for HSC -Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Special Use of Some Phrases / Words for HSC Examination HSC Board Questions with Answers · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2025 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2024 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2023 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2019 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2018 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2017 · Special Use of Some Phrases - HSC 2016

Completing sentences - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Completing sentences Rules Rules of Completing Sentences ( Basic) Rules of Completing Sentences ( Details) Completing Sentences Rules (70 Rules) Completing Sentence Rules for SSC & HSC Examinations Completing Sentences / Sentence Completion - all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams Competing Sentence Practice for SSC & HSC Examination Proverbs for Completing Sentences Practice / Worksheets Competing Sentence Practice for SSC & HSC Examination HSC Board Questions Completing Sentence for HSC Examination 5.0 (Board Questions with Answer) Completing Sentence for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2025 Board Questions with Answers) / Completing Sentence -2025 All Board Questions with Answers Completing Sentence for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2024 Board Questions with Answers) / Completing Sentence -2024 All Board Questions with Answers / Completing Sentence for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2023-2022 Board Questions with Answers) Completing Sentence for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2019-2016 Board Questions with Answers)

Right form of Verb / word - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Right form of Verb/word Rules · Right form of Verbs - All Rules with Practice for All Tests Exercises / Worksheets · Right Form of Verbs Worksheet- 1.7.7.2.2.5 · Right forms of Verbs - Very Extensive Exercise ( Sentence Based) · Right Forms of Verb Worksheet for HSC-(1.7.7.2.5.8) · Right Form of Verbs Worksheet- 1.7.7.2.2.5 · Right form of Verbs - Multiple Choice Exercise for Completive Exams HSC- Right form of Verbs Right Forms of Verb Worksheet for HSC-(1.7.7.2.5.8) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2016-2015 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2018-2017 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2020-2019 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2022-2021 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2024-2023 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (HSC 2024 Board Questions with Answers) Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (HSC 2025 Board Questions with Answers)

Transformation of Sentences - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Rules Rules of Transformation Transformation all Rules and Practice 1.Transformation of Sentences Transformation Practice Negative to Affirmative Transformation Practice Affirmative to Negative Transformation Practice - Assertive to Interrogative Transformation Practice - Exclamatory to Assertive Transformation Practice - Assertive to Exclamatory 2.Transformation of simple, complex, compound Transformation Practice - Simple to compound Transformation Practice - Simple to Complex Transformation Practice - Compound to Simple Transformation Practice - Compound to Complex Transformation Practice - Complex to Simple Transformation Practice - Complex to compound 3.Transformation of Degree Transformation Practice - POSITIVE TO COMPARATIVE Transformation Practice -POSITIVE TO SUPERLATIVE Transformation Practice - COMPARATIVE TO SUPERLATIVE Transformation Practice - Superlative into Comparative. Transformation Practice - COMPARATIVE INTO POSITIVE Transformation Practice - Superlative to positive Transformation Practice - COMPARATIVE TO POSITIVE HSC Transformation Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions 2017-2016 with Answer Transformation Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions 2019-2018 with Answer

Narration - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Narration Rules · Narration- Basic Rules · Basic Rules · Narration- Assertive Sentence · Narration- Interrogative Sentence · Narration- Imperative Sentence · Narration- Optative Sentence · Narration- Exclamatory Sentence · Narration - Passage Narration Rules · Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules · Narration - all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams · Narration - All Rules in Short Exercise / Worksheets HSC · NARRATION FOR HSC EXAMINATION / Passage Narration for Class-11 & 12 ( Board Questions with Answers) · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(HSC - 2025) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2024-2023) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2022-2021) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2020-2019) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2018-2017) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2016-2015) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2014-2013) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2012-2009) with Answer Indirect to Direct · Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules · Narration - Indirect to Direct Practice-5.21

Narration - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Narration Rules · Narration- Basic Rules · Basic Rules · Narration- Assertive Sentence · Narration- Interrogative Sentence · Narration- Imperative Sentence · Narration- Optative Sentence · Narration- Exclamatory Sentence · Narration - Passage Narration Rules · Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules · Narration - all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams · Narration - All Rules in Short Exercise / Worksheets HSC · NARRATION FOR HSC EXAMINATION / Passage Narration for Class-11 & 12 ( Board Questions with Answers) · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(HSC - 2025) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2024-2023) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2022-2021) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2020-2019) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2018-2017) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2016-2015) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2014-2013) with Answer · Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2012-2009) with Answer Indirect to Direct · Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules · Narration - Indirect to Direct Practice-5.21

Pronoun- Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Pronoun Grammar-Pronoun (noun) 1.Classification of Pronoun PRONOUN Pronoun- all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams 3.Pronoun-Antecedent agreement Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement Pronoun Reference ( Unclear Pronoun Reference with Correction) Pronoun - Antecedent Agreement 4.Pronoun referencing Rules · Pronoun Reference ( Unclear Pronoun Reference with Correction) · Pronoun Referencing Basic Rules Exercise / Worksheets Pronoun Referencing Sentence Based Exercise -1 HSC Board Question · Pronoun Reference Practice for HSC Examination (All Board Questions-5.0) · Pronoun Referencing for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2020-2019 Board Questions with Answers) · Pronoun Referencing for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2018-2017 Board Questions with Answers) · Pronoun Referencing for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (2016-2015 Board Questions with Answers)

Linking words / Sentence Connector - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Rules · Linkers-connectors-transitional-words lesson · Linkers for Examination · Linkers / Connectors- Most Important List with Meaning and Example · Linkers /Connector- all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams · Linkers / Connectors- Most Important List with Meaning and Example · Linkers /Connector- all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams · Linkers/Connectors from Board Questions (2015-2025) · Linkers / Connectors- Most Important List with Meaning and Example · Linkers / Connectors list with Examples for Examination HSC Connectors / Likers Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions Connectors / Linkers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions - 2025 with Answers Connectors / Likers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2024-2023) Connectors / Likers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2022-2021) Connectors / Likers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2019-2018) Connectors / Likers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions (2017-2016)

Synonyms and Antonyms - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Synonyms and Antonyms Synonyms and Paraphrasing Synonym and Antonym Worksheet-1 with Answer Most Important Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Examination HSC Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2025) with Answer / Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2024-2023) with Answer Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2020-2019) with Answer Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2018-2017) with Answer Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2016-2015) with Answer Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2016-2015) with Answer

Punctuation - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Punctuation | Punctuation for writing Punctuation Punctuation- all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams Exercises / Worksheet HSC Board Questions with Answers Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 (Board Questions with Answer) Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 Board Questions - 2025 with Answer Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 Board Questions (2024-2023) with Answer Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 Board Questions(2019-2018) with Answer Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 (Board Questions with Answer) Punctuation for HSC Examination -5.0 Board Questions (2017-2016) with Answer

Most Important Application / Emails (Question No. 13) for HSC 2026 Section 1: Formal Letters and Applications Formal Letter / Application Topic Board Exam References [2016–2025] Test Exams-2026 [Frequency] Please Click on the Link for Answer 1. Permission for a Study Tour / Excursion ✪✪✪ RB-25, 24, 19; JB-19, 14; CB-16, 11; BB-14; CtgB-09 17 For permission study tour / to go on an excursion 2. Providing Multimedia / Smart Board / Digital Classroom Facilities ✪✪✪ MB-25, 24, 23; RB-25, 17; BB-24, 19, 17; CtgB-23, 19, 15; DB-19; SB-19 13 Requesting the provision of multimedia and digital classroom facilities for your institution Smart sound system in the large classroom 3. Setting up an English Language / Speaking Club ✪✪✪ DB-24; SB-22; DjB-17; RB-12 8 English Language Club 4. Establishing / Setting up a Debating Club ✪✪✪ CB-25, 12; JB-25; DB-23; DjB-19; CtgB-17; SB-17, 15 7 For setting up a debating club / to arrange a debate 5. Extra English Classes for Weak Students ✪✪✪ DjB-25; JB-24; MB-25 6 For extra classes on English 6. Opening a Relief Camp / Campaign for Flood Affected ✪✪✪ SB-25, 23; CB-23; RB-11; MB-24 5 For relief goods / Opening an aiding camp for flood / Opening a relief camp 7. Improving / Setting up Computer Lab Facilities ✪✪✪ CB-17; DjB-16; MB-25 5 For a Computer Club in the school 8. Measures Against Outsiders on Campus ✪✪✪ DB-25; DjB-23; BB-15 5 Outsiders on campus 9. Increasing Library Facilities / Number of Books ✪✪✪ MB-25; RB-25; CtgB-22; HSC-18 (Kha Set) 5 For increasing library facilities / For increasing the number of quality books in the library 10. Installation of Smart Sound System / Sound System for Large Classrooms ✪✪ BB-24, 17; SB-19; BB-17; CB-22 4 Smart sound system in the large classroom 11. Issuing an Online Birth Certificate (To Chairman) ✪✪ BB-23; MB-22 3 Issuance of an online birth certificate 12. Praying for a Seat in the College Hostel ✪✪ DjB-24, 10; DB-16, 15; RB-15; BB-09 3 For a seat in the school hostel 13. Permission for Science Fair on Ground ✪✪ CB-24 3 For arranging a Science fair in the school campus 14. Steps Against Anti-social Activities (To Superintendent of Police) ✪✪ BB-22 3 For taking steps against anti social activities in your locality / anti-social activities (Letter, Application & 15. Ensuring Safe Drinking Water on Campus ✪ MB-25; JB-23 2 For arranging pure drinking water for the students. 16. Permission for a Friendly Cricket Match ✪ BB-25 2 Friendly cricket match on the college ground 17. Embargo on Cell Phones in Classrooms / Campus ✪ CtgB-14; JB-11 2 Embargo on the use of cell phones in classrooms and on the college campus 18. Cleaning / Mosquito Killing Campaign ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 2 Mosquito menace 19. Admission on Transfer Certificate (TC) ✪ CtgB-24; DB-17; BB-16 1 For a transfer certificate 20. Seminar on Career Guidance Arrangement ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Permission to arrange a seminar on career guidance / 21. Law and Order Situation (Letter to Editor / Police) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Deterioration of law and order Law and order situation in your locality 22. Youth Leadership Conference Permission ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Youth Leadership Conference on campus 23. Stop Continuous Sound Pollution (To Police) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Sound pollution in your residential area 24. Requesting a Testimonial ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 For a testimonial 25. Participation in DUNMUN and Registration Grant ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 DUNMUN conference 26. Improving College Cafeteria Facilities ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Improving College Cafeteria Facilities/ 27. Correction of Error in Registration Card ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Error in Registration Card 28. Changing one Elective Subject ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 For changing an elective subject. 29. Arranging a Pitha Utsab (Cake Fair) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Improving College Cafeteria Facilities 30. Creative Writing Workshop for Students ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Creative Writing Workshop for Students 31. Arrangement of Distributing Warm Clothes among Poor ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Arrangement of Distributing Warm Clothes among Poor / 32. Insufficient Water Supply (Complaint to WASA) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Arrangement of Distributing Warm Clothes among Poor / 33. Taking Measures to Remove Beggars from Campus ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Taking Measures to Remove Beggars from Campus / 34. Repairing Damaged Bridge (To Chairman) ✪ MB-22 0 For repairing of a bridge / For constructing a bridge / For a culvert on the road 35. Complaining About Missing Goods (Courier Manager) ✪ DB-22 0 Complaining About Missing Goods 36. Complaining to Replace Defective Product (Electric Rice Cooker) ✪ DjB-22 0 Complaining About Missing Goods 37. Complaining About Frequent Power Failure (Electricity Board) ✪ JB-22 0 Load shedding / frequent failure of electric power supply / Power failure 38. Complaining Against Reckless Driving (Letter to Editor) ✪ RB-22 0 Present environmental condition / Air Pollution / Environment Pollution Reckless driving 39. Check the Menace of Extortionists (To Police) ✪ BB-23 0 A complaint letter to the Superintendent of Police for taking steps against extortionists 40. Permission for Freshers' Reception ✪ CtgB-25 0 Freshers' Reception for the newly admitted students / 41. Application for a Financial Stipend ✪ Combined-18 (Kha Set) 0 For full-free studentship / a financial assistance / Financial help/ a stipend /For financial help from the school Poor-Fund. 42. Job Application for Sales Representative with CV ✪ JB-17 0 Job Application for Sales Representative with CV / 43. Setting up a Literary Club ✪ CigB-11 0 For organizing a literary club Section 2: Formal Emails Formal Email Topic Board Exam References [2016–2025] Test Exams-2026 [Frequency] 1. Admission Procedure for Overseas Students (Oxford University) ✪✪✪ JB-16 3 Asking for Admission procedures for overseas students 2. Inquiry about British Council English Course Details ✪✪ RB-23 0 Inquiry about British Council English Course Details / 3. Insecticides to Control Aedes Mosquitoes (To Mayor) ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 Insecticides to Control Aedes Mosquitoes / 4. Reply to Seminar Invitation (Director of Bangla Academy) ✪✪ CigB-16 0 Reply to Seminar Invitation / 5. Reply Requesting Internet Facilities for Library Upgrade ✪✪ SB-16 0 Installation of high-speed internet facilities to upgrade the college library / 6. Relief Goods for flood affected people (To DC) ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 For relief goods / Opening an aiding camp for flood / 7. Asking Details of tour to Cox's Bazar sea beach (To Parjatan Corp) ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 Inquiry about Study Tour Plan / 8. Steps Against Increased Anti-social Activities (To OC/Police) ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 A complaint letter to the Superintendent of Police for taking steps against extortionists / (Letter, Application & Email Writing) 9. Reply Confirming Participation in Tree Plantation Campaign ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 Tree plantation campaign 10. Inadequate Measures to stop Child Marriage and Dowry (To DC) ✪✪ RB-23 0 Inadequate Measures to stop Child Marriage and Dowry 11. Insufficient Water Supply (To Mayor DSCC) ✪✪ (Recent Test Topic) 0 Complaining about the insufficient water supply in your locality/ 12. Inquiry about Study Tour Plan (To Study Tour Agency) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Inquiry about Study Tour Plan / Letter to travel agency 13. Experience of Interviewing a Day Labourer (To Foreign Friend) ✪ (Recent Test Topic) 1 Experience of interviewing a day labourer for a school project / 14. Importance of Attending Multimedia Class (To Younger Sister) ✪ CB-19 0 Attending multimedia classes regularly/ Board Legend: DB=Dhaka, CB=Cumilla, RB=Rajshahi, JB=Jashore, SB=Sylhet, BB=Barishal, DjB=Dinajpur, CtgB/CigB=Chattogram, MB=Mymensingh. Important Notes and Strategies for HSC-2026 Format Accuracy: Ensure all applications include a clear Subject, Salutation, and Closing. For group applications, the closing should state "On behalf of the students of your college". Email Versatility: Be prepared for formal email requests (e.g., admission procedures or course inquiries) and formal replies to seminar invitations or inquiries. High Probability Topics: Study Tour and English Language Club were the top two selections in 2026 college test papers, making them primary candidates for the final exam. Civic & Consumer Complaints: Recent board trends (2022-2023) show a significant increase in complaint letters regarding public services (power, water, bridge repair) and defective products. Current Global Context: Topics like the 4th Industrial Revolution (AI) and Mob Justice have appeared in 2026 test papers, reflecting current socioeconomic shifts. Word Count: Maintain formal brevity; applications should ideally be between 150-200 words, and emails should be concise at around 100-120 words. Staple Topics: Topics with ✪✪✪ are essential board favorites appearing consistently across years. High Probability: Study Tour and English Language Club are the highest-rated topics in 2026 test examinations. Format: Ensure all letters include a clear Subject, Salutation, and Formal Closing

July Uprising: A Transformative Movement A. Warm up activity Look at the picture and discuss the following question in pairs: What do you understand by the term "mass movement"? Can you name any mass movement from the history of Bangladesh? Why do you think students often play a significant role in political change in Bangladesh? What does democracy mean to you? Why is it important in a country's governance? What is Quota System? Why did students protest against it? B. Read the text below and answer the questions that follow: The July Uprising was a mass movement in Bangladesh that led to the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina's regime in July-August 2024. Also referred to as the 'Monsoon Revolution' or 'July Revolution,' the movement began with a student-led protest at Dhaka University demanding quota reform in public service. The government's brutal repression and the tragic loss of life transformed the initially apolitical protest into a widespread uprising that united various political, cultural, social, and religious groups. This collective mobilization ultimately led to Sheikh Hasina fleeing the country. The uprising was not a sudden event, rather it was the culmination of 16 years of public frustration stemming from tyranny, human rights abuses, and the systematic dismentling of state institutions. Catalyst of the uprising: The July Uprising was fueled by a combination of long-standing grievances and immediate triggers. Quota Reform and Discrimination: The movement was ignited by the reinstatement of a discriminatory quota system in government jobs. The debate over quotas has a long history in Bangladesh, with earlier protests in 1997, 2001, 2008, and 2013. The 2018 quota reform movement saw the government announce the cancellation of the system, but its reinstatement by the High Court in June 2024 sparked renewed student protests. Political Repression and Fascist Rule: The 16-year rule of the Awami League government was marked by political repression, killings, enforced disappearances of opponents and restrictions on freedom of expression. The politicization of state institutions, from the judiciary and military to public health and education, created deep-seated resentment among the populace, who felt disenfranchised and oppressed. Electoral farce and disenfranchisement: For controlling elections, Sheikh Hasina, bypassing Supreme Court direction, removed the caretaker government system from the constitution in 2011. Subsequent general elections of 2014, 2018 and 2024 held under the regime were widely marked by fraudulent practices. Low voter turnout, widespread vote-rigging and a controlled media environment eroded public faith in the democratic process and left citizens feeling powerless. Economic Hardship: Rampant corruption, financial mismanagement, and kleptocratic practices severely damaged the country's economy. High unemployment, coupled with soaring inflation and widening inequality, made life difficult for ordinary citizens. Economic policies that favoured a select few also marginalised small and medium-sized businesses, contributing to widespread economic distress. Youth Disillusionment: Young people, particularly students, were deeply disillusioned. They faced humiliation and violence across the country from Chatra League terrorists and felt that their merit and hard work were being ignored in favour of nepotism and partisanship, particularly due to the extensive quota system. Widespread Public Support: The uprising was largely non-partisan and spontaneous. It garnered momentum because a vast majority of citizens felt victimized by the government's structural corruption, human rights abuses and judicial overreach. This shared experience of oppression meant that when students took to the streets, the wider public quickly joined them. Reaction to killings: The government's brutal response to the protests which included attacks and killings of peaceful demonstrators by security forces and political thugs, ignited a furious public reaction. This violent repression was a pivotal turning point, transforming the quota reform movement into a nationwide anti-authoritarian uprising. The Chronology of the Uprising: The July Uprising unfolded rapidly, with key events escalating the conflict. June 5, 2024: The High Court declared the cancellation of the freedom fighter quota illegal, sparking immediate student protests. June 6, 2024: Protests spread to multiple universities, including Dhaka, Jahangirnagar, Rajshahi and Chittagong. July 1, 2024: The 'Anti-Discrimination Student Movement' platform was launched, initiating nationwide demonstrations and blockades. July 7, 2024: Students enforced a 'Bangla Blockade' programme, disrupting traffic in Dhaka and other districts. July 14, 2024: After a mocking comment by Sheikh Hasina, student protests intensified with new slogans. July 15, 2024: Students at Dhaka and Jahangirnagar Universities were brutally attacked by the members of Chatra League and police. July 16, 2024: Protests turned deadly as police opened fire on demonstrators, killing several people across the country, including Abu Sayed in Rangpur. July 17, 2024: Funerals and coffin processions were held for the deceased, with one at Dhaka University being violently dispersed by police. July 18, 2024: The movement gained broader support as students from private universities, schools, and colleges joined. More than 50 people were killed in a ttacks, and the government shut down the internet. July 19, 2024: People from all walks of life took to the streets despite the internet shutdown. Helicopters fired on protesters and homes, resulting in over a hundred deaths. July 20, 2024: A nationwide curfew was imposed, but clashes continued, killing dozens more. International condemnation grew. August 3, 2024: A movement coordinator announced a one-point declaration for the resignation of the Prime Minister and called for a non-cooperation movement. The Bangladesh Army refused to open fire on unarmed protesters. August 5, 2024: In response to the students' 'March to Dhaka' programme, millions broke the curfew and marched on the capital. Sheikh Hasina fled the country and protesters occupied key government buildings. Statistics of Casualties: A report of the UN Human Rights Office noted that the former government of Bangladesh, along with its security and intelligence services and elements of the Awami League, systematically committed severe human rights violations during last year's student-led protests. The report's findings, based on testimony of senior officials and other evidence, suggest an official policy of violent repression against protesters and sympathisers. This has led to concerns about potential crimes against humanity which warrant further criminal investigation. The report estimates that up to 1,400 people were killed between July 1 and August 5, with thousands more injured. The vast majority of deaths were from shootings by Bangladeshi security forces. A particularly grim detail is that children accounted for approximately 12-13% of the fatalities. Aftermath and Legacy: Sheikh Hasina's reign was extremely controversial in the political history of Bangladesh. During her rule from 2009 to 2024, the structure of democratic institutions collapsed. Disappearances, murders, extrajudicial killings, looting, suppression of opposition views and disenfranchisement were the main features of this regime. However, history has taught us that fascism cannot last forever. Therefore, the fall of fascist Sheikh Hasina was just a matter of time. The long-standing dissatisfaction against Sheikh Hasina's repressive policies finally exploded in the mass uprising of July 2024. Students, youth, professionals, working people, and the masses took to the streets, forming a collective resistance. When Sheikh Hasina chose the path of brutal suppression with lethal weapons, there was a storm of condemnation from the international community. Fascist Sheikh Hasina became politically and morally isolated. As a result, Sheikh Hasina fled the country in the face of the August 5 uprising. The uprising is seen as the dawn of a new political and social era for Bangladesh that sometimes is referred to as 'Bangladesh 2.0.' It represents a victory for the unified power of the people and a renewed commitment to democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The July Uprising is a powerful testament to the people's desire to build a new nation based on justice and accountability. July Declaration The July Declaration serves as a mechanism to officially bind future governments to the principles and demands of the July Uprising, which represents the citizens' utmost desires. On August 5, 2025, the first anniversary of the uprising, the Chief Advisor of the Interim Government, Dr. Muhammad Yunus, read out the declaration. The document expresses the intent to provide legal protection to the 'National Heroes' and those who were injured or killed. Prepared in consultation with political parties, the declaration further states that the government will grant constitutional and state recognition to the student-led mass uprising. C. Find out the meanings of the following words and make sentences with them: uprising overthrow reform brutal culmination D. Answer the following questions: How does the July Uprising reflect the power of unity among people from different classes and professions? In what ways can student-led movements bring about political or social change in a country? Use examples from the history of Bangladesh. What lessons can we learn from the July Uprising about the importance of democracy, justice, and the right to protest? How do economic struggles, political repression, and lack of rights affect the lives of ordinary people in a country? If you had participated in the July Uprising as a student or citizen, what role would you have played, and why? E. Read the text below and fill in the gaps using the words in the box: movement fascist curfew unity regime resistance students internet quota martyrs The July Uprising of 2024 started as a protest against the reinstatement of the system in government jobs. The protest was led mainly by university but soon people from all professions joined the Over time, it transformed into a mass uprising against the rule of fascist The government's response was brutal. Law enforcement agencies and ruling party activists carried out attacks, leading to many deaths and injuries. The number of rose as violence escalated. In an attempt to control the situation, the government shut down the and later imposed a nationwide Despite the oppression, the people showed strong proved the power of public and continued their protests. This uprising in bringing an end to tyranny. MCQ and Short Answer Questions The July Uprising was a mass movement in Bangladesh that led to the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina's regime in July-August 2024. Also referred to as the 'Monsoon Revolution' or 'July Revolution,' the movement began with a student-led protest at Dhaka University demanding quota reform in public service. The government's brutal repression and the tragic loss of life transformed the initially apolitical protest into a widespread uprising that united various political, cultural, social, and religious groups. This collective mobilization ultimately led to Sheikh Hasina fleeing the country. The uprising was not a sudden event, rather it was the culmination of 16 years of public frustration stemming from tyranny, human rights abuses, and the systematic dismentling of state institutions. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 1. What was the primary outcome of the July Uprising? A) The creation of a new constitution B) The overthrow of Sheikh Hasina's regime C) The establishment of a new university D) An immediate national election Answer: B 2. In which months of 2024 did the mass movement primarily take place? A) May-June B) June-July C) July-August D) August-September Answer: C 3. Which of the following is another name for the July Uprising mentioned in the text? A) The Winter Uprising B) The Student Awakening C) The Dhaka Revolution D) The Monsoon Revolution Answer: D 4. Where did the initial student-led protests originate? A) Chittagong University B) Dhaka University C) Jahangirnagar University D) The Supreme Court Answer: B 5. What was the original demand of the student-led protests? A) Free university tuition B) Immediate change of government C) Quota reform in public service D) Better campus facilities Answer: C 6. What factor transformed the initially apolitical protest into a widespread uprising? A) Interference from opposition political parties B) The government's brutal repression and tragic loss of life C) Widespread economic inflation D) The closing of all educational institutions Answer: B 7. Which groups united during the widespread uprising? A) Only university and college students B) Various political, cultural, social, and religious groups C) Exclusively religious and political groups D) The military and civil service workers Answer: B 8. What was the ultimate action taken by Sheikh Hasina as a result of the collective mobilization? A) She dissolved the parliament B) She accepted all student demands C) She fled the country D) She stepped down and formed a caretaker government Answer: C 9. According to the text, how many years of public frustration culminated in this uprising? A) 10 years B) 14 years C) 15 years D) 16 years Answer: D 10. Which of the following was cited as an underlying cause of the long-term public frustration? A) Systematic dismantling of state institutions B) Increased taxation on the middle class C) Poor foreign policy decisions D) Natural disasters and lack of relief Answer: A Short Questions & Answers Q1: What are the two alternative names used to describe the mass movement that took place in Bangladesh in July-August 2024? Answer: The movement is also referred to as the "Monsoon Revolution" or the "July Revolution." Q2: How did the movement start, and what was its original goal? Answer: The movement began as an apolitical, student-led protest at Dhaka University with the specific goal of demanding quota reform in public service. Q3: What specific actions caused the student protests to escalate into a widespread national uprising? Answer: The government's brutal repression of the protests and the tragic loss of life transformed it from an apolitical student protest into a widespread mass uprising. Q4: What was the final consequence of the uprising for Sheikh Hasina? Answer: The collective mobilization of the public ultimately forced Sheikh Hasina to flee the country, resulting in the overthrow of her regime. Q5: According to the text, what were the deep-rooted issues over the past 16 years that led to this event? Answer: The uprising was the culmination of 16 years of public frustration stemming from tyranny, human rights abuses, and the systematic dismantling of state institutions. Answer: A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. a. Who was Gazi Pir according to myths and legends?→ iii) A Muslim saint b. Where did Gazi Pir spread Islam according to the legends?→ ii) The Sundarbans region of Bengal c. What was Gazi Pir credited with?→ iii) Performing miracles d. What ability was Gazi Pir said to possess regarding dangerous animals?→ ii) He could calm and make them docile e. How is Gazi Pir usually depicted in scroll paintings?→ ii) Riding a fierce-looking Bengal tiger f. What animal is often shown with Gazi Pir in his hand in the paintings?→ iii) A snake g. What kind of danger is Gazi Pir depicted in, according to the paintings?→ i) Apparent danger h. According to some stories, who did Gazi Pir fight?→ iii) Crocodiles i. Why did Gazi Pir fight crocodiles, according to the legends?→ i) To protect his village j. What type of region is described where Gazi Pir fought the crocodiles?→ iii) Full of canals and creeks B. Answer the following questions (a) What was the specialty of Gazi Pir? Gazi Pir was believed to have supernatural powers. He could calm wild animals, protect people from danger, and perform miracles. (b) How is Gazi Pir usually depicted? And why? He is usually shown riding a fierce Bengal tiger and holding a snake in his hand. This symbolizes his power over dangerous animals and his ability to protect people. (c) How did Gazi Pir help the local people? Gazi Pir protected the people from wild animals like tigers and crocodiles. He also helped them live near forests and cultivate their lands safely. (d) How can you know about Gazi Pir more? We can learn more about Gazi Pir from folk literature, scroll paintings (paats), and indigenous theatre performances. Some of his stories are even preserved in the British Museum. (e) “People of these regions would pray to him for protection” – what do you understand by this statement? It means that people believed in his supernatural powers and asked for his help to protect them from wild animals and other dangers. (f) What kind of extraordinary power did Gazi Pir have? He had the power to tame wild animals, fight crocodiles, and keep dangerous creatures under control. (g) What was Gazi Pir famous for? He was famous for his miracles, bravery, and ability to protect people from wild animals. (h) Why did people seek help from Gazi Pir? People sought his help because they believed he could protect them from wild animals and make their lands safe for farming. (i) What was the belief of the people about Gazi Pir? People believed that he had supernatural abilities to control animals, fight dangers, and bring safety to their villages. (j) What are the different art forms in which the myth of Gazi Pir is kept alive? The myth of Gazi Pir is preserved through folk literature, scroll paintings (paats), and indigenous theatre performances. Some of his stories are also displayed in the British Museum. Bangla Translation বাংলা অনুবাদঃ কিছু পুরাণ এবং কিংবদন্তি অনুযায়ী, গাজী পীর ছিলেন একজন মুসলিম সাধক, যিনি সুন্দরবনের নিকটবর্তী বঙ্গ অঞ্চলে ইসলাম প্রচার করেছিলেন। তাকে অনেক অলৌকিক কাজের জন্য কৃতিত্ব দেওয়া হয়েছে। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, তিনি বিপজ্জনক প্রাণীদের শান্ত করতে এবং তাদের অনুগত করতে পারতেন। সাধারণত, তাকে পাটবা স্ক্রোল চিত্রকলায় একটি ভয়ঙ্কর চেহারার বাঘের পিঠে চড়ে, হাতে সাপ নিয়ে, কিন্তু স্পষ্টতই বিপদের মধ্যে প্রদর্শিত করা হয়। কিছু গল্প অনুযায়ী, তিনি কুমিরদের সাথেও লড়াই করেছিলেন যারা খাল এবং খাড়িতে পূর্ণ একটি অঞ্চলের মানুষের জন্য হুমকি ছিল। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, এটি বঙ্গোপসাগরের সন্নিকটে একটি জলময় জঙ্গল। তার সজাগ এবং সতর্ক উপস্থিতির কারণে, সকল শিকারি প্রাণীকে সীমার মধ্যে রাখা হতো। এছাড়াও, তিনি গ্রামবাসীদের বনের কাছাকাছি বসবাস করতে এবং তাদের জমি চাষ করতে সক্ষম করেছিলেন বলে বিশ্বাস করা হতো। ফলস্বরূপ, এই অঞ্চলের মানুষ তার কাছে সুরক্ষার জন্য প্রার্থনা করতো। গাজী পীরের গল্প লোকসাহিত্য এবং শিল্পে সংরক্ষিত হয়েছে এবং এটি দেশীয় থিয়েটারে অভিনয় করা হয়েছে। প্রকৃতপক্ষে, কিছু গাজীর পাট স্ক্রোল ব্রিটিশ মিউজিয়ামের সংগ্রহের অংশ। Ad vocabulary words from the text along with their Bangla meanings: Myth - কল্পকাহিনি / পুরাণ Legend - গল্প / কিংবদন্তি Saint - সন্ত / পীর Spread - প্রচার করা / বিস্তার করা Miracle - অলৌকিক ঘটনা Supposedly - অনুমান করা হয় / কথিতভাবে Calm - শান্ত করা Docile - অনুগত / সহজে নিয়ন্ত্রণযোগ্য Depict - অঙ্কন করা / বর্ণনা করা Scroll painting - পটচিত্র Fierce-looking - ভয়ঙ্কর চেহারার Apparent - প্রকাশ্য / স্পষ্ট Threaten - ভয় দেখানো / হুমকি দেওয়া Vigilant - সতর্ক / সজাগ Predatory - শিকারি / লুটেরা Bounds - সীমা / নিয়ন্ত্রণ Enable - সক্ষম করা Cultivate - চাষ করা Protection - রক্ষা / নিরাপত্তা Preserve - সংরক্ষণ করা Indigenous - স্থানীয় / আদিবাসী Theatre - নাট্যশালা / মঞ্চনাটক Collection - সংগ্রহ / সংকলন Bay - উপসাগর Canal - খাল / নালা Creek - নদীর শাখা / ছোট জলধারা Extraordinary - অসাধারণ / ব্যতিক্রমী Supernatural - অতিপ্রাকৃত / অলৌকিক Bravery - সাহস / বীরত্ব Folk literature - লোকসাহিত্য Ad

Flow Chart Completion for HSC Examination HSC-Eng-1st-flow-chart-completion Flow Chart Completion (English 1st Paper Q. 2) Suggestion

Report 1 Illegal Easy-bikes: A New Hazard on City Streets Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, October 5 In recent years, battery-operated easy-bikes have become a very common transport in our cities and towns. Although they are a cheap way to travel, the rapid increase of these illegal vehicles has created a massive problem for the common citizens. They are now the main cause of heavy traffic jams and daily road accidents. Most of these easy-bikes are completely illegal and do not have any registration from the government authorities. Furthermore, the drivers of these vehicles are mostly untrained. Many young boys and inexperienced men drive these bikes recklessly on busy roads. They do not know or care about traffic rules. They frequently stop in the middle of the road to pick up or drop off passengers, which instantly creates long traffic queues. Because these vehicles are very light and structurally weak, they lose balance very easily. If they brake suddenly or turn sharply, they overturn, causing severe injuries to the helpless passengers. In many cases, these accidents lead to tragic deaths. Also, charging thousands of easy-bike batteries every night wastes a huge amount of national electricity. To bring back discipline on the roads, the government must take strict actions immediately. The authorities must stop the import and production of these unsafe vehicles. Easy-bikes should be strictly banned from main city roads and highways to ensure public safety and smooth traffic. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Hazard – বিপদ / ঝুঁকি Battery-operated – ব্যাটারিচালিত Rapid increase – দ্রুত বৃদ্ধি Illegal – অবৈধ / বেআইনি Vehicles – যানবাহন Massive – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Registration – নিবন্ধন Authorities – কর্তৃপক্ষ Untrained – অশিক্ষিত / প্রশিক্ষণহীন Inexperienced – অনভিজ্ঞ Recklessly – বেপরোয়াভাবে Frequently – ঘন ঘন Traffic queues – যানবাহনের সারি / যানজট Structurally – কাঠামোগতভাবে Weak – দুর্বল Lose balance – ভারসাম্য হারানো Turn sharply – তীব্রভাবে বাঁক নেওয়া Overturn – উল্টে যাওয়া Severe injuries – মারাত্মক আঘাত Helpless – অসহায় Tragic deaths – মর্মান্তিক মৃত্যু Electricity – বিদ্যুৎ Discipline – শৃঙ্খলা Strict actions – কঠোর পদক্ষেপ Immediately – অবিলম্বে Import – আমদানি Banned – নিষিদ্ধ Smooth traffic – বাধাহীন যান চলাচল Report 2 Easy-bikes Paralyze City Traffic: Citizens Suffer Daily Staff Correspondent, Dhaka Tribune, October 7 The traffic system of our city has completely collapsed, mainly because of the uncontrolled movement of thousands of illegal easy-bikes. These slow-moving vehicles occupy almost every road, lane, and intersection, causing unbearable traffic congestion from morning till night. These easy-bikes have no fixed stoppages. The drivers park them wherever they want, completely blocking the narrow city roads. When hundreds of easy-bikes gather near bus stands, schools, or markets, no other vehicles can pass. As a result, serious traffic jams occur. This situation brings endless suffering to the city dwellers. Office-goers cannot reach their workplaces on time. School and college students become extremely tired while sitting in traffic for hours. The worst sufferers are the serious patients in ambulances who sometimes die on the road just because of these artificial traffic blocks. Moreover, easy-bike drivers have a bad habit of driving on the wrong side of the road to save time. This reckless behavior not only creates more traffic jams but also leads to head-on collisions with other vehicles. It is high time the city corporation and the traffic police took severe steps to control this mess. These illegal vehicles must not be allowed to enter the main roads under any circumstances. Fixing specific lanes and limiting their numbers can be a temporary solution to reduce this terrible traffic congestion. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Paralyze – স্থবির করে দেওয়া / পঙ্গু করে দেওয়া Traffic congestion – যানজট Collapsed – ভেঙে পড়েছে Uncontrolled – অনিয়ন্ত্রিত Movement – চলাচল Slow-moving – ধীরগতির Occupy – দখল করে রাখা Lane – সরু রাস্তা / গলি Intersection – মোড় / চৌরাস্তা Unbearable – অসহনীয় Fixed stoppages – নির্দিষ্ট থামার স্থান Blocking – আটকে দেওয়া / বন্ধ করা Narrow – সরু / সংকীর্ণ Endless suffering – সীমাহীন দুর্ভোগ Dwellers – অধিবাসীরা Workplaces – কর্মস্থল Extremely – চরমভাবে Worst sufferers – সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুক্তভোগী Ambulances – রোগী বহনকারী গাড়ি Artificial – কৃত্রিম Wrong side – ভুল দিক Reckless behavior – বেপরোয়া আচরণ Head-on collisions – মুখোমুখি সংঘর্ষ Severe steps – কঠোর পদক্ষেপ Mess – বিশৃঙ্খলা Circumstances – পরিস্থিতি / অবস্থা Specific – নির্দিষ্ট Temporary solution – সাময়িক সমাধান Reduce – কমানো Report 3 Unsafe Easy-bikes Increasing Fatal Road Accidents Special Reporter, The Daily Star, October 10 Road accidents have dangerously increased in recent times, and illegal easy-bikes are largely responsible for this tragic situation. These battery-run vehicles are very badly designed and completely unsafe for passenger transport. Every day, newspapers publish sad news of people dying or getting disabled in easy-bike accidents. The main problem with an easy-bike is its poor physical structure. It is very light, but the drivers often carry six to eight passengers to earn more money. Because of this heavy load and light body, the vehicle cannot maintain balance on bumpy roads. When a driver drives at a high speed and suddenly pulls the brake, the easy-bike flips over immediately. There are no seatbelts or strong doors to protect the passengers, so they fall directly onto the hard road and suffer severe head injuries or broken bones. Another big danger is that easy-bikes are often driven on busy national highways alongside heavy trucks and fast buses. Since easy-bikes run silently and at a lower speed, heavy vehicles from behind often crush them, causing massive loss of life in seconds. Human life is very valuable. We cannot let people die simply because of a cheap transport system. The traffic department must run mobile courts continuously to seize these unfit vehicles from the highways. Citizens must also be conscious and avoid riding these dangerous vehicles to protect their own lives. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Fatal – প্রাণঘাতী / মারাত্মক Dangerously – বিপজ্জনকভাবে Largely responsible – ব্যাপকভাবে দায়ী Tragic situation – মর্মান্তিক পরিস্থিতি Disabled – পঙ্গু / অক্ষম Physical structure – শারীরিক কাঠামো / গঠন Heavy load – ভারী বোঝা / অতিরিক্ত যাত্রী Maintain balance – ভারসাম্য বজায় রাখা Bumpy roads – অমসৃণ রাস্তা / খানাখন্দযুক্ত রাস্তা Suddenly pulls the brake – হঠাৎ ব্রেক কষা Flips over – উল্টে যায় Seatbelts – সিটবেল্ট (নিরাপত্তা বেষ্টনী) Protect – রক্ষা করা Directly – সরাসরি Broken bones – ভাঙা হাড় Danger – বিপদ Alongside – পাশাপাশি Silently – নিঃশব্দে Crush – গুঁড়িয়ে দেওয়া / পিষে ফেলা Massive loss – ব্যাপক ক্ষতি Valuable – মূল্যবান Mobile courts – ভ্রাম্যমাণ আদালত Continuously – অনবরত / ধারাবাহিকভাবে Seize – বাজেয়াপ্ত করা / আটক করা Unfit – অনুপযুক্ত Conscious – সচেতন Avoid riding – চড়া থেকে বিরত থাকা Report 4 Three Killed as Easy-bike Overturns in the Capital Staff Reporter, The Daily Star,,Dhaka, October 15 A tragic road accident claimed the lives of three innocent people and left two others critically injured when a speeding easy-bike overturned on the main road in Mirpur yesterday morning. This sad incident has once again proved how dangerous these illegal vehicles are for public safety. The tragic accident took place at around 9:00 AM. According to eyewitnesses, the easy-bike was carrying five passengers and moving at a very high speed. Suddenly, a dog tried to cross the street. Trying to save the dog, the young, inexperienced driver pulled the brake very hard. Because of the sudden brake and high speed, the lightweight vehicle instantly lost its balance and overturned violently on the paved road. The helpless passengers were thrown out of the vehicle. Three passengers, including a school teacher and a young student, suffered severe head injuries and died on the spot. The local people quickly rescued the other two injured passengers and rushed them to Dhaka Medical College Hospital in critical condition. The driver of the easy-bike managed to run away right after the accident. Following the incident, angry locals blocked the road for two hours, demanding a permanent ban on illegal easy-bikes on main streets. Later, the police arrived, pacified the agitated public, and recovered the dead bodies. The police have filed an unnatural death case and are searching for the runaway driver. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Claimed the lives – প্রাণ কেড়ে নিয়েছে Critically injured – মারাত্মকভাবে আহত Speeding – দ্রুতগামী Overturned – উল্টে গিয়েছিল Proved – প্রমাণ করেছে Public safety – জননিরাপত্তা Took place – ঘটেছিল Eyewitnesses – প্রত্যক্ষদর্শীরা Cross the street – রাস্তা পার হওয়া Inexperienced – অনভিজ্ঞ Lightweight – হালকা ওজনের Instantly – তাৎক্ষণিকভাবে Violently – প্রচণ্ডভাবে Paved road – পাকা রাস্তা Helpless – অসহায় Thrown out – ছিটকে পড়েছিল Died on the spot – ঘটনাস্থলেই মারা গিয়েছিল Rescued – উদ্ধার করেছিল Rushed – দ্রুত নিয়ে গিয়েছিল Critical condition – সংকটাপন্ন অবস্থা Run away – পালিয়ে যাওয়া Blocked – অবরোধ করেছিল Permanent ban – স্থায়ী নিষেধাজ্ঞা Pacified – শান্ত করেছিল Agitated – ক্ষুব্ধ / উত্তেজিত Recovered – উদ্ধার করেছিল Unnatural death – অস্বাভাবিক মৃত্যু Searching for – খুঁজছে Runaway driver – পলাতক চালক

Report 1 Plastic Pollution: A Great Threat to Our Environment Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, September 5 Plastic pollution has become one of the most dangerous environmental problems in Bangladesh and around the world. Because plastic is very cheap, lightweight, and easy to use, people use it for almost everything. However, this over-use of plastic is silently destroying our beautiful environment. The biggest problem with plastic is that it does not rot or mix with the soil. Once a plastic bottle or polythene bag is thrown away, it stays in the environment for hundreds of years. People carelessly throw plastic waste on the streets, in the fields, and into the rivers. This ruins the natural fertility of the soil, meaning farmers cannot grow good crops. Moreover, when plastic garbage is burned in the open air, it produces dark, toxic smoke. This smoke causes severe air pollution and leads to deadly diseases like asthma and lung cancer. Plastic also destroys the natural beauty of our cities and villages. We cannot let this destruction continue. To save our environment, we must strictly ban the use of single-use plastics like polythene bags, plastic cups, and straws. Instead, we should use eco-friendly alternatives like jute bags and paper cups. The government must punish those who produce illegal polythene. Above all, massive public awareness is required to teach people about the deadly effects of plastic. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Threat – হুমকি / ভীতি Environment – পরিবেশ Dangerous – বিপজ্জনক / মারাত্মক Cheap – সস্তা Lightweight – হালকা ওজনের Over-use – অতিরিক্ত ব্যবহার Silently – নীরবে Destroying – ধ্বংস করছে Rot – পচে যাওয়া Mix – মিশে যাওয়া Thrown away – ছুঁড়ে ফেলা Carelessly – অসতর্কভাবে / অযত্নে Waste – বর্জ্য / আবর্জনা Ruins – ধ্বংস করে / নষ্ট করে Natural – প্রাকৃতিক Fertility – উর্বরতা Crops – ফসল Moreover – অধিকন্তু / তাছাড়া Garbage – আবর্জনা Burned – পোড়ানো হয় Produces – উৎপন্ন করে Toxic – বিষাক্ত Smoke – ধোঁয়া Severe – তীব্র / মারাত্মক Deadly diseases – মরণঘাতী রোগ Asthma – হাঁপানি Lung cancer – ফুসফুসের ক্যান্সার Strictly – কঠোরভাবে Ban – নিষিদ্ধ করা Single-use – একবার ব্যবহারযোগ্য Straws – স্ট্র / পান করার নল Eco-friendly – পরিবেশবান্ধব Alternatives – বিকল্পসমূহ Jute bags – পাটের ব্যাগ Illegal – অবৈধ / বেআইনি Massive – ব্যাপক Awareness – সচেতনতা Required – প্রয়োজন / আবশ্যক Report 2 Plastic Waste is Destroying Our Rivers and Oceans Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, September 7 Plastic pollution has turned into a massive disaster for the rivers and water bodies of Bangladesh. Every day, thousands of tons of plastic waste are directly dumped into our rivers, canals, and ultimately, the ocean. This careless action is severely damaging the marine ecosystem. If we look at the Buriganga or Turag river, we will see a thick layer of plastic bottles, polythene bags, and food wrappers floating on the water. This plastic waste completely blocks the natural flow of the rivers. The most heartbreaking part is the suffering of marine life. Fishes, turtles, and aquatic birds often mistake small plastic pieces for food. When they eat this plastic, it blocks their stomachs, and they die a very painful death. Sometimes, sea animals get badly trapped inside plastic nets and cannot breathe. Furthermore, over time, large plastics break down into tiny, invisible pieces called "microplastics." These microplastics are swallowed by fishes. When humans eat those fishes, the toxic plastic enters our bodies, causing serious health problems. To save our rivers and marine life, dumping plastic into water bodies must be stopped immediately. The city corporations must set up proper waste management systems so that garbage does not reach the rivers. Citizens must be sensible and stop throwing plastic packets into the water. Protecting our rivers means protecting our own lives. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Disaster – বিপর্যয় Water bodies – জলাশয়গুলো Dumped – ফেলা হয় / স্তূপ করা হয় Ultimately – পরিশেষে / চূড়ান্তভাবে Careless – অসতর্ক / দায়িত্বজ্ঞানহীন Action – কাজ / পদক্ষেপ Damaging – ক্ষতি করছে Marine ecosystem – সামুদ্রিক বাস্তুতন্ত্র Thick layer – পুরু স্তর Wrappers – মোড়ক Floating – ভাসমান Blocks – আটকে দেয় / বাধাগ্রস্ত করে Natural flow – স্বাভাবিক প্রবাহ Heartbreaking – হৃদয়বিদারক Suffering – ভোগান্তি / কষ্ট Aquatic birds – জলজ পাখি Mistake – ভুল করা Painful – যন্ত্রণাদায়ক Trapped – আটকা পড়া Breathe – শ্বাস নেওয়া Furthermore – এছাড়া / অধিকন্তু Break down – ভেঙে যাওয়া Tiny – অতি ক্ষুদ্র Invisible – অদৃশ্য Microplastics – মাইক্রোপ্লাস্টিক (প্লাস্টিকের ক্ষুদ্র কণা) Swallowed – গলাধঃকরণ করা / গিলে ফেলা Enters – প্রবেশ করে Immediately – অবিলম্বে Waste management – বর্জ্য ব্যবস্থাপনা Sensible – বুদ্ধিমান / কাণ্ডজ্ঞানসম্পন্ন Protecting – রক্ষা করা Report 3 Polythene Bags: The Main Cause of Waterlogging in Cities Special Reporter, Dhaka Tribune, September 9 During the rainy season, sudden waterlogging is a very common and painful problem for the residents of Dhaka and other big cities. While heavy rainfall is partly responsible, the main culprit behind this artificial flood is the reckless use and improper disposal of plastic polythene bags. Millions of polythene bags are used every day in the city markets and grocery shops. After a single use, people carelessly throw these bags on the streets and into open drains. Because plastic does not decay, these bags easily travel through the rainwater and completely block the city's underground drainage system. As a result, even after a short shower of rain, the water cannot pass through the drains. Consequently, dirty drain water overflows onto the main roads, entering houses, shops, and schools. This creates massive traffic jams, paralyzes city life, and spreads waterborne diseases like cholera and diarrhea. Students cannot go to school, and office-goers suffer immensely on the flooded streets. Although there is a strict law banning the production and use of polythene bags, it is completely ignored. To solve the waterlogging crisis, the government must execute the anti-polythene law with zero tolerance. Regular cleaning of city drains is essential. People must also change their habits and carry reusable bags when going to the market. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Waterlogging – জলাবদ্ধতা Rainy season – বর্ষাকাল Sudden – হঠাৎ Residents – বাসিন্দারা Partly – আংশিকভাবে Responsible – দায়ী Culprit – অপরাধী / মূল কারণ Artificial – কৃত্রিম Flood – বন্যা / প্লাবন Reckless – বেপরোয়া Improper – অনুপযুক্ত / অনুচিত Disposal – বর্জ্য নিষ্কাশন / ফেলে দেওয়া Grocery shops – মুদির দোকান Decay – পচে যাওয়া / ক্ষয় হওয়া Underground – ভূগর্ভস্থ Drainage system – নিষ্কাশন ব্যবস্থা Shower – পশলা (বৃষ্টি) Consequently – ফলস্বরূপ Overflows – উপচে পড়া Traffic jams – যানজট Paralyzes – স্থবির করে দেয় Spreads – ছড়ায় Waterborne – পানিবাহিত Immensely – ব্যাপকভাবে / প্রচণ্ডভাবে Banning – নিষিদ্ধকরণ Production – উৎপাদন Ignored – অবহেলিত / উপেক্ষিত Crisis – সংকট Execute – বাস্তবায়ন করা / প্রয়োগ করা Zero tolerance – শূন্য সহনশীলতা (কোনো ছাড় না দেওয়া) Essential – অত্যাবশ্যকীয় Habits – অভ্যাসসমূহ Reusable – পুনরায় ব্যবহারযোগ্য Report 4 Plastic Pollution Awareness Campaign Held at City College College Correspondent, The Daily Star,Dhaka, September 12 A highly inspiring and successful "Plastic Pollution Awareness Campaign" was organized yesterday at the Dhaka City College auditorium. The college's Science Club arranged this day-long event to educate students and local people about the terrible dangers of plastic use and how to keep the environment clean. The program started at 10:00 AM with a colorful rally. Hundreds of students, carrying beautiful placards and banners with anti-plastic slogans, marched through the nearby streets. After the rally, a seminar was held in the auditorium. The Principal of the college presided over the event, while a famous environmental scientist was present as the chief guest. In his speech, the chief guest clearly explained how single-use plastics are silently destroying our soil, rivers, and health. He warned the students about the invisible "microplastics" that are secretly entering our food chain. He urged the young generation to say "No" to plastic bags, bottles, and straws. The students actively participated in a question-and-answer session and promised to use eco-friendly products like jute and paper bags. Finally, the students formed several volunteer groups and cleaned the plastic garbage from the college campus and surrounding areas. The event ended with a cultural drama showing the painful death of marine animals due to plastic. This campaign successfully created a deep sense of responsibility among the young students. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Campaign – প্রচারাভিযান Inspiring – অনুপ্রেরণামূলক Successful – সফল Organized – আয়োজিত হয়েছিল Auditorium – মিলনায়তন Event – অনুষ্ঠান / ঘটনা Educate – শিক্ষিত করা / সচেতন করা Terrible – ভয়ানক Colorful – আকর্ষণীয় / রঙিন Rally – শোভাযাত্রা Placards – প্ল্যাকার্ড / ফেস্টুন Anti-plastic – প্লাস্টিক-বিরোধী Slogans – স্লোগানসমূহ / ধ্বনি Marched – পদযাত্রা করেছিল Seminar – আলোচনা সভা Presided over – সভাপতিত্ব করেছিলেন Environmental scientist – পরিবেশবিজ্ঞানী Chief guest – প্রধান অতিথি Speech – বক্তব্য / ভাষণ Explained – ব্যাখ্যা করেছিলেন Warned – সতর্ক করেছিলেন Secretly – গোপনে Food chain – খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল Urged – আহ্বান জানিয়েছিলেন Participated – অংশগ্রহণ করেছিল Session – পর্ব / অধিবেশন Promised – প্রতিজ্ঞা করেছিল Volunteer groups – স্বেচ্ছাসেবক দল Campus – শিক্ষাঙ্গন / বিদ্যাপীঠের প্রাঙ্গণ Surrounding – চারপাশের Ended – সমাপ্ত হয়েছিল Drama – নাটক Deep sense – গভীর অনুভূতি Responsibility – দায়িত্ববোধ Report 5: Focus on Health Hazards The Silent Killer: Severe Health Hazards of Plastic Pollution Staff Reporter, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, September 15 While most people know that plastic makes our cities dirty, very few realize that plastic pollution is actually a silent killer severely harming human health. From the moment plastic is produced in factories to the time it is thrown away, it continuously releases toxic chemicals into our environment, putting our lives at great risk. One of the most dangerous practices in our country is burning plastic garbage in open spaces. When polythene and plastic items are burnt, they release highly poisonous gases into the air. Breathing this toxic smoke directly damages our lungs and causes severe respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, and even lung cancer. Children and the elderly are the most vulnerable to this poisonous air. Moreover, we frequently use cheap plastic containers and polythene bags to carry hot food and drinks. When hot food touches low-quality plastic, harmful chemicals melt and mix with our daily meals. Eating this contaminated food slowly damages our liver, kidneys, and nervous system over time. Furthermore, scientists have recently discovered tiny plastic particles, known as microplastics, in human blood, which is a terrifying warning for our future. To protect our health, we must completely stop burning plastic waste in the open air. We should strictly avoid using plastic plates, cups, and polythene bags for hot food. Replacing plastic with safe glass, steel, or clay pots is the only way to save our health from this invisible poison. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Silent killer – নীরব ঘাতক Health hazards – স্বাস্থ্যগত ঝুঁকি Realize – অনুধাবন করা / বুঝতে পারা Harming – ক্ষতি করছে Produced – উৎপাদিত হয় Continuously – অনবরত Releases – নির্গত করে Chemicals – রাসায়নিক পদার্থ Risk – ঝুঁকি Practices – চর্চা / কাজ Open spaces – খোলা জায়গা Poisonous – বিষাক্ত Gases – গ্যাসসমূহ Breathing – শ্বাস নেওয়া Lungs – ফুসফুস Respiratory diseases – শ্বাসকষ্টজনিত রোগ Bronchitis – শ্বাসনালির প্রদাহ (ব্রঙ্কাইটিস) Vulnerable – ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ / সহজে আক্রান্ত হতে পারে এমন Containers – পাত্রসমূহ Low-quality – নিম্নমানের Melt – গলে যাওয়া Contaminated – দূষিত Nervous system – স্নায়ুতন্ত্র Discovered – আবিষ্কার করেছে Particles – কণা Blood – রক্ত Terrifying – ভয়ংকর Warning – সতর্কবার্তা Protect – রক্ষা করা Avoid – এড়িয়ে চলা Replacing – প্রতিস্থাপন করা / বদলানো Clay pots – মাটির পাত্র Invisible – অদৃশ্য Poison – বিষ

Report 1 Bad Law and Order Situation in the City Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, August 25 The law and order situation in our country, especially in the capital city, is getting worse every day. Common people are living in great fear and anxiety. They do not feel safe in their own houses or on the streets. Every day, newspapers are full of terrible news like murder, kidnapping, extortion, and robbery. The criminals have become very brave and reckless. They carry illegal weapons and commit crimes in broad daylight. The main reason behind this problem is the weakness of the legal system. Sometimes, the police do not perform their duties properly. Moreover, some corrupt politicians give shelter to these criminals. Because of this, criminals easily escape from punishment. This bad situation is destroying the peaceful life of the citizens. Businessmen are afraid to run their businesses. Parents are worried about their children's safety when they go to school. We cannot let this dangerous situation continue. The government must take very strict steps immediately to control the situation. The police and other law enforcement agencies must be more active and honest. They should patrol the streets day and night. Criminals must be arrested and punished quickly without any political consideration. Above all, public awareness is very necessary to build a safe and peaceful society. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Situation – অবস্থা / পরিস্থিতি Worse – আরও খারাপ Common people – সাধারণ মানুষ Fear – ভয় Anxiety – দুশ্চিন্তা / উদ্বেগ Safe – নিরাপদ Terrible – ভয়ানক Murder – খুন / হত্যা Kidnapping – অপহরণ Extortion – চাঁদাবাজি Robbery – ডাকাতি Criminals – অপরাধীরা Brave – সাহসী Reckless – বেপরোয়া Illegal – বেআইনি Weapons – অস্ত্রশস্ত্র Commit – সংঘটন করা (অপরাধ) Broad daylight – দিনের বেলায় / প্রকাশ্যে Weakness – দুর্বলতা Legal system – আইন ব্যবস্থা Perform – পালন করা Duties – দায়িত্বসমূহ Corrupt – দুর্নীতিগ্রস্ত Politicians – রাজনীতিবিদরা Shelter – আশ্রয় Escape – পালিয়ে যাওয়া / রক্ষা পাওয়া Punishment – শাস্তি Destroying – ধ্বংস করছে Peaceful – শান্তিপূর্ণ Citizens – নাগরিকেরা Worried – চিন্তিত Strict – কঠোর Immediately – অবিলম্বে / সাথে সাথে Law enforcement agencies – আইনশৃঙ্খলা রক্ষাকারী বাহিনী Active – সক্রিয় Honest – সৎ Patrol – টহল দেওয়া Arrested – গ্রেপ্তার করা Quickly – দ্রুত Political consideration – রাজনৈতিক বিবেচনা Public awareness – জনসচেতনতা Society – সমাজ Report 2 Rise of Mugging and Hijacking in the Capital Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, August 26 Mugging and hijacking have become a very common and frightening problem in the city. The number of these crimes is increasing rapidly. It has become very risky for citizens to move safely outside, especially after sunset. Muggers usually target lonely pedestrians, women, and passengers in rickshaws. They wait in dark streets and suddenly attack innocent people. They use sharp knives, pistols, and other dangerous weapons to scare people. They forcefully take away mobile phones, gold chains, watches, and cash money. If anyone tries to stop them or shout for help, the muggers do not hesitate to seriously injure or even kill them. There are a few main reasons behind this rise in mugging. Unemployment and drug addiction among young people are the biggest causes. To buy expensive drugs, many unemployed youths choose this bad path of crime. Also, there are not enough street lights and police patrols in many areas of the city. To save the common people, the police must be very strict and active. They need to set up more checkpoints in the city. Unemployed youths should be given proper jobs. If the police arrest these muggers and punish them heavily, this crime will surely decrease. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Mugging – ছিনতাই Hijacking – গাড়ি বা জিনিস জোর করে ছিনিয়ে নেওয়া Common – সাধারণ / নিত্যনৈমিত্তিক Frightening – ভয়ংকর Increasing – বৃদ্ধি পাচ্ছে Rapidly – দ্রুতগতিতে Risky – ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ Safely – নিরাপদে Sunset – সূর্যাস্ত Usually – সাধারণত Target – লক্ষ্যবস্তু বানানো Lonely – একাকী Pedestrians – পথচারীরা Passengers – যাত্রীরা Suddenly – হঠাৎ করে Attack – আক্রমণ করা Innocent – নিরীহ / নির্দোষ Sharp – ধারালো Knives – ছুরিগুলো Pistols – পিস্তল Dangerous – বিপজ্জনক Scare – ভয় দেখানো Forcefully – জোরপূর্বক Cash money – নগদ টাকা Shout – চিৎকার করা Hesitate – দ্বিধা করা Seriously – মারাত্মকভাবে Injure – আহত করা Reasons – কারণসমূহ Unemployment – বেকারত্ব Drug addiction – মাদকাসক্তি Expensive – ব্যয়বহুল Youths – যুবকেরা Path – পথ / রাস্তা Crime – অপরাধ Enough – পর্যাপ্ত Street lights – রাস্তার বাতি Checkpoints – তল্লাশি চৌকি Proper – উপযুক্ত Heavily – কঠোরভাবে Decrease – কমে যাওয়া Report 3 Mob Justice: A Dangerous Social Disease Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, August 27 Recently, a very dangerous trend called "mob justice" has increased in our country. Mob justice happens when an angry crowd catches a suspected person and beats him without any legal trial. This is a very cruel and completely illegal act. In a civilized society, no one has the right to take the law into their own hands. But sadly, we often see people beating suspected thieves, robbers, or kidnappers to death on the streets. This happens mostly because ordinary people have lost their faith in the legal system. They think the police will release the criminals if they take bribes. So, the angry public tries to give instant punishment. However, this is a terrible mistake. Often, due to false rumors, the blind crowd attacks completely innocent people. Many poor and mentally sick people have lost their valuable lives because of blind mob anger. This barbaric practice must be stopped to save the rule of law. The police must arrest the real criminals and ensure their proper punishment. The court should finish trials quickly. If people trust the police and the courts, they will not beat anyone. The government must also start public awareness campaigns against mob justice. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Mob justice – গণপিটুনি / জনতার বিচার Trend – প্রবণতা Angry – রাগান্বিত / ক্ষুব্ধ Crowd – জনতা / ভিড় Suspected – সন্দেহভাজন Beats – প্রহার করে / মারে Legal trial – আইনি বিচার Cruel – নিষ্ঠুর Completely – সম্পূর্ণভাবে Act – কাজ / কর্ম Civilized – সভ্য Right – অধিকার Take the law into their own hands – আইন নিজের হাতে তুলে নেওয়া Sadly – দুঃখজনকভাবে Thieves – চোরেরা Ordinary – সাধারণ Lost faith – বিশ্বাস হারিয়েছে Release – ছেড়ে দেওয়া / মুক্ত করা Bribes – ঘুষ Instant – তাৎক্ষণিক Mistake – ভুল False rumors – মিথ্যা গুজব Blind – অন্ধ Mentally sick – মানসিক রোগী Valuable – মূল্যবান Barbaric – বর্বর / অসভ্য Practice – প্রথা / চর্চা Rule of law – আইনের শাসন Court – আদালত Trust – বিশ্বাস করা Campaigns – প্রচারাভিযান Report 4 Innocent Youth Beaten to Death by Angry Mob Staff Reporter, The Daily Star , Dhaka, August 28 A very sad and shocking incident happened yesterday in the city. An angry mob brutally beat an innocent young man to death on the street. This tragic event has created a deep shock and anger among the conscious citizens of the country. The incident took place in the morning near a local market. According to the witnesses, someone suddenly shouted that a kidnapper was trying to steal a child. Hearing this false rumor, hundreds of angry people gathered there immediately. They did not check the truth. They caught the young man and started beating him mercilessly with sticks and bricks. The poor man cried and begged for his life, but no one listened to him. He was severely injured and died on the spot. Later, the police arrived and recovered his dead body. After a quick investigation, the police confirmed that the man was completely innocent. He was just a simple traveler looking for an address. This incident clearly proves how dangerous mob justice is. Blind anger and false rumors took a valuable human life. The police have filed a murder case against unknown people. The real culprits who started the rumor and the beating must be arrested and punished. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Innocent – নিরপরাধ / নিরীহ Youth – যুবক Shocking – মর্মান্তিক / হতবাক করার মতো Incident – ঘটনা Brutally – নিষ্ঠুরভাবে Tragic event – মর্মান্তিক ঘটনা Conscious – সচেতন Took place – ঘটেছিল Witnesses – প্রত্যক্ষদর্শীরা Shouted – চিৎকার করেছিল Steal – চুরি করা Hearing – শুনে Gathered – সমবেত হয়েছিল Check the truth – সত্যতা যাচাই করা Caught – ধরেছিল Mercilessly – নির্দয়ভাবে Sticks – লাঠি Bricks – ইট Begged – ভিক্ষা চেয়েছিল (প্রাণের) Listened – শুনেছিল Severely – মারাত্মকভাবে Died on the spot – ঘটনাস্থলেই মারা গিয়েছিল Recovered – উদ্ধার করেছিল Dead body – মৃতদেহ Investigation – তদন্ত Confirmed – নিশ্চিত করেছিল Traveler – পথচারী / মুসাফির Address – ঠিকানা Proves – প্রমাণ করে Filed – দায়ের করেছে Murder case – হত্যা মামলা Unknown – অজ্ঞাত Culprits – অপরাধীরা Report 5: Strict Law Enforcement Needed to Stop Crimes Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, August 29 The rapid increase in crimes like murder, theft, and mob justice shows that our law and order situation is not good. To ensure a peaceful and safe life for the citizens, we must find proper solutions to stop these crimes immediately. The primary duty of maintaining peace lies with the law enforcement agencies, especially the police. The police force must be honest, active, and free from political influence. They should regularly patrol all the important and lonely streets in the city. If the police are strictly active, criminals will not dare to commit crimes in broad daylight. Another big problem is drug addiction and unemployment. Many young people commit crimes because they need money for drugs. The government must stop the illegal drug business completely. At the same time, the government should create more jobs for the youth so they do not choose the bad path. Finally, the public must also play a responsible role. People should not take the law into their own hands like mob justice. If they catch a criminal, they must hand him over to the police safely. By working together, the government, the police, and the common people can easily build a safe society. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Enforcement – প্রয়োগ (আইনের) Needed – প্রয়োজন Stop – বন্ধ করা / থামানো Increase – বৃদ্ধি Ensure – নিশ্চিত করা Solutions – সমাধানসমূহ Primary – প্রাথমিক / প্রধান Maintaining – বজায় রাখা Lies with – ওপর ন্যস্ত Police force – পুলিশ বাহিনী Influence – প্রভাব Regularly – নিয়মিতভাবে Dare – সাহস করা Drug addiction – মাদকাসক্তি Choose – বেছে নেওয়া Finally – পরিশেষে Public – জনসাধারণ Responsible – দায়িত্বশীল Role – ভূমিকা Hand over – হস্তান্তর করা / তুলে দেওয়া Together – একত্রে / একসাথে Easily – সহজে Build – গড়ে তোলা Crime-free – অপরাধমুক্ত

Sample 1 International Mother Language Day Solemnly Observed at Feni Victoria College College Correspondent, Feni, February 22 International Mother Language Day and Shaheed Dibash were observed at Feni Victoria College yesterday with profound respect and solemnity. The day-long program was organized to pay deep homage to the heroic sons of the soil who sacrificed their lives to establish the dignity of our mother tongue on February 21, 1952. The observance commenced at the crack of dawn with a traditional mourning procession, widely known as 'Probhat Feri'. Hundreds of students, teachers, and college staff gathered on the campus wearing black badges. Walking barefoot, they marched towards the college Shaheed Minar, singing the immortal, heart-touching song, "Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano." The Principal of the college first placed a floral wreath at the monument. Subsequently, other teachers and student organizations placed flowers to show their profound respect for the language martyrs. Later in the morning, a significant discussion meeting was held at the college auditorium, with the Principal presiding over the session. In their speeches, the speakers highlighted the glorious history of the Language Movement and the supreme sacrifices of heroes like Rafiq, Shafiq, Salam, Barkat, and Jabbar. They strongly urged the young generation to practice correct Bangla in every sphere of life and resist foreign cultural aggression. Following the discussion, a vibrant cultural program was arranged. Students brilliantly performed patriotic songs, recited historic poems, and staged a short drama based on the tragic events of 1952. The entire atmosphere was filled with a deep sense of patriotism and national pride. The historic day concluded with a special prayer for the salvation of the departed souls of the martyrs. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Solemnly – ভাবগাম্ভীর্যের সাথে Observed – পালিত হয়েছে / উদ্‌যাপিত হয়েছে Profound – গভীর / অকৃত্রিম Respect – সম্মান / শ্রদ্ধা Solemnity – গাম্ভীর্য / পবিত্রতা Homage – শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি Heroic – বীরত্বপূর্ণ Sacrificed – উৎসর্গ করেছিল Dignity – মর্যাদা / সম্মান Commenced – শুরু হয়েছিল Crack of dawn – খুব ভোরে / প্রত্যুষে Traditional – ঐতিহ্যবাহী Mourning procession – শোক র‍্যালি Staff – কর্মকর্তা-কর্মচারীবৃন্দ Gathered – সমবেত হয়েছিল Black badges – কালো ব্যাজ Barefoot – খালি পায়ে Marched – এগিয়ে যাওয়া / পদযাত্রা করা Immortal – অমর Heart-touching – হৃদয়স্পর্শী Floral wreath – পুষ্পস্তবক Monument – স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ Subsequently – পরবর্তীতে / এরপরে Martyrs – শহীদেরা Significant – তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ / গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Auditorium – মিলনায়তন Presiding over – সভাপতিত্ব করা Session – অধিবেশন / সভা Speeches – বক্তব্যসমূহ Highlighted – তুলে ধরেছেন / আলোকপাত করেছেন Glorious – গৌরবময় Supreme – সর্বোচ্চ Urged – আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন / জোর দিয়েছেন Sphere of life – জীবনের সর্বক্ষেত্রে Resist – প্রতিরোধ করা Foreign – বিদেশি Cultural aggression – সাংস্কৃতিক আগ্রাসন Vibrant – প্রাণবন্ত / স্পন্দনশীল Brilliantly – চমৎকারভাবে / মেধাবীভাবে Performed – পরিবেশন করেছে Patriotic – দেশাত্মবোধক Recited – আবৃত্তি করেছে Staged – মঞ্চস্থ করেছে Tragic – মর্মান্তিক / বিয়োগান্তক Atmosphere – পরিবেশ Patriotism – দেশপ্রেম National pride – জাতীয় অহংকার Concluded – সমাপ্ত হয়েছে / শেষ হয়েছে Salvation – মাগফিরাত / মুক্তি Departed souls – বিদেহী আত্মাসমূহ Sample 2 International Mother Language Day Observed with Great Respect Staff Reporter, Dhaka, February 22 International Mother Language Day and Shaheed Dibash were observed across the country on February 21 with great respect and solemnity. The day was observed to remember the supreme sacrifice of the language martyrs of 1952. People from all walks of life gathered at the Central Shaheed Minar in Dhaka. They woke up early in the morning and walked barefoot to the Shaheed Minar. They sang the sad and historic song, "Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano Ekushey February." They placed floral wreaths to show their deep love and respect for the brave heroes like Salam, Barkat, Rafiq, Jabbar, and Shafiur, who gave their lives for our mother tongue. Different schools, colleges, and socio-cultural organizations arranged various programs to mark the day. National flags were kept at half-mast on all government and private buildings. In educational institutions, students and teachers organized discussion meetings, poetry recitation, and cultural events based on the language movement. The speakers talked about the great importance of our mother tongue, Bangla. It is a matter of great pride that UNESCO declared 21st February as International Mother Language Day in 1999. Now, the whole world observes this day to honor all mother languages. The day reminds us that we must love our mother tongue and protect our rich culture. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Observed – পালিত হয়েছে Respect – সম্মান / শ্রদ্ধা Solemnity – গাম্ভীর্য Supreme sacrifice – সর্বোচ্চ ত্যাগ / আত্মত্যাগ Martyrs – শহীদেরা Walks of life – সর্বস্তরের মানুষ Gathered – সমবেত হয়েছিল Barefoot – খালি পায়ে Floral wreaths – পুষ্পস্তবক Socio-cultural – আর্থ-সামাজিক ও সাংস্কৃতিক Organizations – প্রতিষ্ঠানসমূহ Half-mast – অর্ধনমিত Educational institutions – শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠানসমূহ Poetry recitation – কবিতা আবৃত্তি Importance – গুরুত্ব Pride – গর্ব / অহংকার Foreign influence – বিদেশি প্রভাব Sample 3 Nation Pays Glowing Tributes to Language Martyrs Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, February 22 Bangladesh observed 'Shaheed Dibash' and 'International Mother Language Day' yesterday with profound grief, deep respect, and immense national pride. The entire nation paid glowing tributes to the valiant sons of the soil who laid down their lives on February 21, 1952, to establish Bangla as a state language. The observance officially began at midnight when the Honorable President and the Prime Minister placed floral wreaths at the Central Shaheed Minar. Following them, thousands of people wearing black badges marched barefoot towards the monument, echoing the immortal song, "Amar Bhaier Rokte Rangano." The environment became heavy with deep emotion and patriotism. Throughout the day, the national flag flew at half-mast, and special prayers were offered in mosques and temples for the salvation of the departed souls of the martyrs. Educational institutions across the country organized elaborate programs, including seminars, essay writing competitions, and cultural functions, highlighting the glorious history of the Language Movement. Speakers emphasized the urgent need to practice correct Bangla in all spheres of life. Since UNESCO's historic recognition in 1999, 21st February is not only a day of national mourning for Bangladesh but also a global celebration of linguistic and cultural diversity. The day continuously inspires everyone to protect and respect all mother languages around the world. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Glowing tributes – গভীর শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি Profound grief – গভীর শোক Immense – প্রচুর / অসীম Valiant – সাহসী / বীর Laid down – বিসর্জন দেওয়া (জীবন) Observance – উদ্‌যাপন / পালন Officially – আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে Black badges – কালো ব্যাজ Monument – স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ Immortal – অমর Echoing – প্রতিধ্বনিত হওয়া Patriotism – দেশপ্রেম Salvation – মুক্তি / মাগফিরাত Departed souls – বিদেহী আত্মা Elaborate – বিস্তৃত / বিস্তারিত Highlighting – আলোকপাত করা / তুলে ধরা Glorious – গৌরবময় Emphasized – জোর দেওয়া / গুরুত্বারোপ করা Spheres of life – জীবনের সর্বক্ষেত্রে Historic recognition – ঐতিহাসিক স্বীকৃতি Mourning – শোক Linguistic – ভাষাগত Diversity – বৈচিত্র্য Sample 4 Ekushey February: A Global Symbol of Linguistic Heritage Special Reporter, Dhaka Tribune, February 22 The nation solemnly commemorated the Language Martyrs' Day and International Mother Language Day yesterday, paying profound homage to the heroes of the 1952 Language Movement. This momentous day, deeply etched in the history of Bangladesh, now resonates globally as a testament to the fundamental human right to speak one's mother tongue. The day's proceedings commenced at the stroke of midnight at the Central Shaheed Minar, where state dignitaries, followed by throngs of citizens, offered floral tributes. The mournful yet inspiring tune of the Ekushey anthem reverberated through the air, unifying the masses in a shared sense of cultural identity. Academic institutions and socio-cultural forums hosted profound intellectual discussions and vibrant cultural symposiums to underscore the historical trajectory of the Bengali language. Beyond national boundaries, the significance of Ekushey February is now universally recognized following UNESCO's landmark declaration in 1999. In an era dominated by rapid globalization, where indigenous and minority languages face the constant threat of extinction, this day serves as a crucial reminder to preserve linguistic diversity. Intellectuals and educators urged the youth to not only honor the martyrs but also actively resist cultural hegemony by cultivating and promoting the authentic use of the Bengali language in all academic and professional domains. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Solemnly – ভাবগাম্ভীর্যের সাথে Commemorated – স্মৃতিচারণ করা / স্মরণ করা Profound homage – গভীর শ্রদ্ধা Momentous – অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Etched – খোদিত / অঙ্কিত Resonates – অনুরণিত হওয়া / প্রভাব ফেলা Testament – প্রমাণ / নিদর্শন Fundamental – মৌলিক Proceedings – কার্যাবলি / অনুষ্ঠানমালা Commenced – শুরু হয়েছিল Dignitaries – গণ্যমান্য ব্যক্তিবর্গ Throngs of citizens – নাগরিকদের প্রবল ভিড় Reverberated – প্রতিধ্বনিত হওয়া Unifying – ঐক্যবদ্ধ করা Symposiums – আলোচনা সভা Underscore – গুরুত্ব দেওয়া Trajectory – গতিপথ / যাত্রাপথ Universally recognized – সর্বজনীনভাবে স্বীকৃত Landmark declaration – যুগান্তকারী ঘোষণা Indigenous – দেশীয় / আদিবাসী Extinction – বিলুপ্তি Preserve – সংরক্ষণ করা Hegemony – আধিপত্য Authentic – খাঁটি / প্রকৃত Domains – ক্ষেত্রসমূহ

Report 1 Mosquito Menace: A Nightmarish Experience for City Dwellers Staff Reporter, Dhaka, July 15 The mosquito menace in Dhaka city has recently taken a terrible turn, making the daily lives of the city dwellers completely unbearable. As soon as the sun sets, swarms of mosquitoes attack the houses. However, the fear is not limited to the night anymore; dangerous mosquitoes bite during the daytime as well. The main reason behind this rapid increase in mosquitoes is the dirty environment and stagnant water. Heavy rainfall during the monsoon season creates hundreds of small puddles across the city. Mosquitoes easily lay their eggs and reproduce quickly in these stagnant water bodies, open drains, and garbage dumps. This severe mosquito menace has brought deadly diseases like Dengue and Malaria to our doorsteps. Thousands of people, especially children and the elderly, are getting admitted to hospitals with high fever. The city corporation authorities spray insecticides occasionally, but it is highly insufficient to control this massive problem. To save the citizens from this deadly menace, both the government and the common people must work together. The city corporation must clean the open drains regularly and spray effective mosquito repellents in every ward. At the same time, people must keep their houses and yards clean. We should always sleep under mosquito nets and ensure that water does not remain stagnant in flower pots or discarded tires. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Menace – উপদ্রব / ভীতি Nightmarish – দুঃস্বপ্নের মতো / ভয়ংকর Dwellers – অধিবাসীরা Terrible – ভয়ানক Unbearable – অসহনীয় Swarms – ঝাঁক / দল Attack – আক্রমণ করা Rapid – দ্রুত Increase – বৃদ্ধি Stagnant – স্থির / আবদ্ধ Puddles – ছোট গর্তে জমা পানি / ডোবা Lay eggs – ডিম পাড়া Reproduce – বংশবৃদ্ধি করা Garbage dumps – ময়লা ফেলার স্থান Severe – তীব্র / মারাত্মক Deadly – প্রাণঘাতী Doorsteps – দোরগোড়ায় / ঘরের দুয়ারে Admitted – ভর্তি হওয়া Authorities – কর্তৃপক্ষ Insecticides – কীটনাশক Occasionally – মাঝে মাঝে Insufficient – অপর্যাপ্ত Massive – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Repellents – প্রতিরোধক (মশা তাড়ানোর ঔষধ) Yards – উঠান / আঙিনা Discarded – পরিত্যক্ত / বাতিল Report 2 Alarming Rise of Dengue Fever: Hospitals Struggle with Patients Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, July 18 An alarming outbreak of Dengue fever has gripped the capital city, spreading severe panic among the citizens. Over the past few weeks, the number of Dengue-infected patients has skyrocketed. Government and private hospitals are now struggling to accommodate the massive rush of patients, with many people being forced to receive treatment on the hospital floors. Dengue is a dangerous viral fever transmitted by the bite of the Aedes mosquito. Unlike ordinary mosquitoes, the Aedes mosquito usually bites during the early morning and late afternoon. It breeds in clean, stagnant water trapped in discarded plastic bottles, coconut shells, flower tubs, and rooftop gardens. The primary symptoms of Dengue include sudden high fever, severe headache, severe joint and muscle pain, and skin rashes. In critical condition, the blood platelet count of the patient drops dangerously low, which can easily lead to a tragic death if not treated immediately. The situation is worsening because many people are unaware of the breeding habits of the Aedes mosquito. To combat this deadly outbreak, the health ministry has issued special guidelines for citizens. The city authorities must immediately run a massive drive to destroy all mosquito breeding grounds. Citizens must also be proactive by cleaning their surroundings every three days. Only widespread public awareness and collective action can eradicate this fatal disease. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Alarming – উদ্বেগজনক / ভীতিপ্রদ Outbreak – প্রাদুর্ভাব / আকস্মিক বিস্তার Struggle – সংগ্রাম করা / হিমশিম খাওয়া Gripped – গ্রাস করেছে / আঁকড়ে ধরেছে Skyrocketed – আকাশচুম্বী হওয়া / দ্রুত বেড়ে যাওয়া Accommodate – জায়গা দেওয়া / ধারণ করা Transmitted – সংক্রমিত / পরিবাহিত Ordinary – সাধারণ Breeds – বংশবৃদ্ধি করে Trapped – আটকা পড়া Coconut shells – নারকেলের মালা Primary – প্রাথমিক / প্রধান Symptoms – উপসর্গসমূহ / লক্ষণ Sudden – হঠাৎ Severe – তীব্র / মারাত্মক Joint and muscle pain – অস্থিসন্ধি ও পেশির ব্যথা Skin rashes – ত্বকে ফুসকুড়ি Critical condition – সংকটাপন্ন অবস্থা Blood platelet – রক্তের অণুচক্রিকা Tragic – মর্মান্তিক Worsening – অবনতি হচ্ছে / খারাপ হচ্ছে Unaware – অসচেতন Combat – মোকাবিলা করা / লড়াই করা Guidelines – নির্দেশিকা Massive drive – ব্যাপক অভিযান Destroy – ধ্বংস করা Proactive – স্বতঃপ্রণোদিত / আগে থেকে সক্রিয় Surroundings – চারপাশ Widespread – ব্যাপক / বিস্তৃত Collective action – সম্মিলিত পদক্ষেপ Eradicate – নির্মূল করা Fatal – মরণঘাতী / প্রাণঘাতী Report 3 The Silent Suffering: Chikungunya Epidemic Sweeps Across the City Special Reporter, Dhaka Tribune, July 20 Alongside the fear of Dengue, another terrifying mosquito-borne disease, Chikungunya, has recently started sweeping across Bangladesh. While it is rarely fatal compared to Dengue, Chikungunya causes intense, prolonged physical suffering, practically crippling the affected patients for weeks or even months. Like Dengue, Chikungunya is also spread to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The symptoms appear suddenly with a high fever, followed by agonizing pain in multiple joints, extreme weakness, and red rashes all over the body. The most distressing aspect of this disease is that even after the fever subsides within a week, the severe joint pain persists. Many recovering patients cannot walk properly, climb stairs, or perform their daily professional duties for several months, leading to a massive loss of working hours in the country. Unfortunately, there is currently no specific vaccine or exclusive medicine for the Chikungunya virus. Doctors mainly advise patients to take complete bed rest, drink plenty of fluids, and take basic painkillers like paracetamol. Therefore, absolute prevention is the only effective cure. Since Aedes mosquitoes thrive in clear water around our own households, citizens must take personal responsibility. Cleaning rooftop gardens, removing unused pots, and heavily applying mosquito repellents are essential steps to protect our families from this crippling viral disease. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Silent suffering – নীরব ভোগান্তি Epidemic – মহামারি / ব্যাপক প্রাদুর্ভাব Sweeps across – সর্বত্র ছড়িয়ে পড়া Terrifying – ভয়ংকর Rarely – কদাচিৎ / খুব কমই Intense – তীব্র / প্রচণ্ড Prolonged – দীর্ঘস্থায়ী Physical – শারীরিক Crippling – পঙ্গু করে দেওয়ার মতো Affected – আক্রান্ত Infected – সংক্রমিত Appear – আবির্ভূত হওয়া / দেখা দেওয়া Agonizing – যন্ত্রণাদায়ক Multiple – একাধিক Joints – অস্থিসন্ধি (গিরা) Extreme – চরম Distressing – হতাশাজনক / যন্ত্রণাদায়ক Aspect – দিক / বিষয় Subsides – কমে যাওয়া / প্রশমিত হওয়া Persists – রয়ে যায় / চলতে থাকে Recovering – আরোগ্য লাভ করছে এমন Professional duties – পেশাগত দায়িত্ব Currently – বর্তমানে Specific – নির্দিষ্ট Vaccine – টিকা Exclusive – বিশেষ / একমাত্র Advise – উপদেশ দেওয়া Fluids – তরল পদার্থ Painkillers – ব্যথানাশক ঔষধ Absolute – সম্পূর্ণ / চরম Prevention – প্রতিরোধ Cure – প্রতিকার / নিরাময় Thrive – বেড়ে ওঠা / বিস্তার লাভ করা Households – ঘরবাড়ি / গৃহস্থালি Responsibility – দায়িত্ব Removing – সরিয়ে ফেলা Essential – অত্যাবশ্যকীয় Protect – রক্ষা করা Report 4 Urban Crisis: The Unending Battle Against Mosquito-Borne Diseases Staff Correspondent, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, July 25 The rapid proliferation of mosquito-borne diseases, particularly Dengue and Chikungunya, has created a severe public health crisis in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Every monsoon, the nation witnesses a tragic repetition of the same epidemic, exposing the acute vulnerability of our heavily populated cities and the limitations of our civic management systems. The core of this crisis lies in unplanned urbanization and erratic weather patterns. The Aedes mosquito, the primary vector for both Dengue and Chikungunya, thrives remarkably well in urban environments. Ongoing mega-construction projects, abandoned plots, and poorly maintained drainage systems serve as perfect incubators for these deadly insects. While Dengue frequently leads to a fatal drop in blood platelets, Chikungunya leaves its victims with debilitating, chronic joint pain that severely impacts their long-term quality of life and economic productivity. Public health experts argue that the traditional, reactive approach of merely "fogging" or spraying insecticides after an outbreak is fundamentally flawed. Mosquitoes are rapidly developing resistance to common chemicals. Therefore, a modern, year-round vector management strategy is mandatory. This requires a synchronized effort between the city corporations and the general public. Authorities must strictly enforce heavy fines on property owners who allow water to stagnate on their premises. Ultimately, combating this unending menace demands continuous civic awareness and rigorous cleanliness; otherwise, these seasonal diseases will continue to claim innocent lives. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Urban crisis – নগর সংকট Unending – অন্তহীন / শেষ নেই এমন Proliferation – দ্রুত বিস্তার Repetition – পুনরাবৃত্তি Exposing – উন্মোচন করে / প্রকাশ করে Acute – তীব্র / প্রকট Vulnerability – অরক্ষিত অবস্থা / ঝুঁকি Civic management – নাগরিক ব্যবস্থাপনা Core – মূলকেন্দ্র / প্রধান অংশ Urbanization – নগরায়ণ Erratic – অনিয়মিত / অনিশ্চিত Vector – রোগবাহক (মশা বা কীট) Remarkably – উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে Ongoing – চলমান Abandoned plots – পরিত্যক্ত জমি Incubators – বংশবৃদ্ধির স্থান (ডিম ফোটানোর যন্ত্র) Victims – শিকার / আক্রান্ত ব্যক্তি Debilitating – দুর্বল করে দেওয়া / অক্ষমকারী Chronic – দীর্ঘস্থায়ী / চিরস্থায়ী Impacts – প্রভাব ফেলে Productivity – উৎপাদনশীলতা Traditional – গতানুগতিক / ঐতিহ্যবাহী Reactive approach – প্রতিক্রিয়াশীল দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি (ঘটনা ঘটার পর ব্যবস্থা নেওয়া) Merely – শুধুমাত্র / কেবল Fogging – ধোঁয়া ছিটানো Fundamentally – মৌলিকভাবে Flawed – ত্রুটিপূর্ণ Resistance – প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা Chemicals – রাসায়নিক পদার্থ Year-round – বছরব্যাপী Strategy – কৌশল Mandatory – বাধ্যতামূলক Synchronized effort – সমন্বিত প্রচেষ্টা Enforce – প্রয়োগ করা / বাধ্য করা Fines – জরিমানা Property owners – সম্পত্তির মালিকেরা Stagnate – আবদ্ধ থাকা / স্থির থাকা Premises – আঙ্গিনা / চত্বর Ultimately – পরিশেষে / চূড়ান্তভাবে Combating – মোকাবিলা করা Continuous – ধারাবাহিক / অবিরাম Rigorous – কঠোর / পুঙ্খানুপুঙ্খ Seasonal – ঋতুভিত্তিক Claim – কেড়ে নেওয়া (জীবন)

Report 1 The Miserable Life of Garment Workers in Bangladesh Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 20 The ready-made garment sector is the most crucial export earner for the economy of Bangladesh. Millions of dedicated workers, mostly originating from impoverished rural villages, work tirelessly in these massive urban factories. They dedicate their youth and work very hard to make our beloved country economically solvent, but sadly, their own daily lives remain full of profound sorrow and continuous struggle. The primary problem faced by these hardworking garment workers is their surprisingly low monthly salary. With this insufficient amount of money, it is practically impossible to maintain a standard family in an expensive, growing megacity like Dhaka. They are constantly compelled to work for ten to twelve hours every single day, which routinely includes mandatory overtime, just to earn a little extra income to survive. Because of their poor financial condition, they are forced to reside in extremely dirty, unhygienic, and overcrowded slums. They cannot afford to consume highly nutritious food, nor can they send their beloved children to quality educational institutions. Whenever they fall severely sick, they cannot even visit a specialized doctor or afford the necessary prescribed medicines. Despite all these immense daily hardships, these dedicated workers remain the true, unsung heroes of our national economy. Therefore, the wealthy factory owners and the government authorities must look after their wellbeing immediately. Their monthly salary should be increased significantly, and their fundamental human rights must be ensured strictly so that they can finally lead a dignified, healthy, and respectable life in our society. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Miserable – শোচনীয় / দুর্দশাগ্রস্ত Sector – খাত / বিভাগ Crucial – অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Export earner – রপ্তানি আয়কারী Economy – অর্থনীতি Millions – লক্ষ লক্ষ Dedicated – নিবেদিতপ্রাণ Originating – আগত / উৎপন্ন Impoverished – দরিদ্র / নিঃস্ব Rural – গ্রামীণ Tirelessly – অক্লান্তভাবে Massive – বিশাল / বৃহৎ Urban – শহরভিত্তিক / পৌরাণিক Factories – কারখানাগুলো Youth – যৌবন / তারুণ্য Economically – অর্থনৈতিকভাবে Solvent – সচ্ছল / ঋণমুক্ত Sadly – দুঃখজনকভাবে Profound – গভীর / তীব্র Sorrow – দুঃখ / বিষাদ Continuous – অবিরাম / চলমান Struggle – সংগ্রাম / লড়াই Primary – প্রাথমিক / প্রধান Hardworking – কঠোর পরিশ্রমী Surprisingly – আশ্চর্যজনকভাবে Low – নিম্ন / কম Monthly – মাসিক Salary – বেতন / পারিশ্রমিক Insufficient – অপর্যাপ্ত Practically – কার্যত / বাস্তবে Impossible – অসম্ভব Maintain – রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ করা / চালানো Standard – মানসম্মত / আদর্শ Expensive – ব্যয়বহুল Growing – বর্ধিষ্ণু / ক্রমবর্ধমান Megacity – মহানগরী Constantly – অনবরত / প্রতিনিয়ত Compelled – বাধ্য Routinely – নিয়মিতভাবে Includes – অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে Mandatory – বাধ্যতামূলক Overtime – অতিরিক্ত সময়ের কাজ Income – আয় / উপার্জন Survive – বেঁচে থাকা / টিকে থাকা Financial – আর্থিক Condition – অবস্থা / পরিস্থিতি Forced – বাধ্য Reside – বসবাস করা Extremely – অত্যন্ত / চরমভাবে Dirty – নোংরা Unhygienic – অস্বাস্থ্যকর Overcrowded – অতিরিক্ত জনবহুল Slums – বস্তি এলাকা Afford – সামর্থ্য থাকা / ব্যয় বহন করতে পারা Consume – গ্রহণ করা / খাওয়া Highly – উচ্চমাত্রায় Nutritious – পুষ্টিকর Beloved – প্রিয় / আদরের Quality – গুণগত মানসম্পন্ন Educational – শিক্ষামূলক Institutions – প্রতিষ্ঠানসমূহ Severely – মারাত্মকভাবে Sick – অসুস্থ Specialized – বিশেষজ্ঞ Necessary – প্রয়োজনীয় Prescribed – ব্যবস্থাপত্রে লিখিত Medicines – ওষুধপত্র Despite – তা সত্ত্বেও / এতদসত্ত্বেও Immense – প্রচুর / অসীম Hardships – কষ্ট / দুর্দশা Unsung – অস্বীকৃত / অখ্যাত Heroes – বীরেরা National – জাতীয় Wealthy – ধনী / সম্পদশালী Owners – মালিকেরা Authorities – কর্তৃপক্ষ Wellbeing – কল্যাণ / মঙ্গল Immediately – অবিলম্বে / সাথে সাথে Increased – বৃদ্ধি করা Significantly – উল্লেখযোগ্যভাবে Fundamental – মৌলিক Human rights – মানবাধিকার Ensured – নিশ্চিত করা Strictly – কঠোরভাবে Finally – পরিশেষে / চূড়ান্তভাবে Dignified – মর্যাদাপূর্ণ Respectable – সম্মানজনক Society – সমাজ Report 2 Low Wages Make Survival Difficult for Garment Workers Staff Correspondent, Dhaka, June 22 The garment workers in Bangladesh are currently facing a terrible financial crisis mainly because of the continuous and rapid rise in the prices of daily necessities. While the overall cost of living is going up exponentially every single day, their factory wages have not increased proportionately. This harsh economic imbalance has made their daily survival incredibly difficult and agonizing. Most ordinary garment workers earn a very basic, minimum salary at the end of the month. After paying the high house rent for their tiny slum rooms, they have very little money remaining for purchasing food and other essentials. Buying protein-rich items like fresh fish, meat, or milk has sadly become an unreachable luxury for them. Most of the time, they are forced to eat only plain rice accompanied by mashed potatoes or the cheapest available vegetables. This poor, unbalanced diet gradually makes them physically weak and vulnerable to various diseases. Furthermore, to buy basic emergency medicine or to pay for their children's primary education, they frequently have to borrow money from local lenders with high interest and inevitably fall into deep, inescapable debt. It is a very tragic reality that the people who make beautiful and expensive clothes for the entire world cannot even buy a nice, simple dress for their own children during festivals. To save these extremely poor and vulnerable workers from starving, their minimum monthly wage must be raised immediately, accurately reflecting the current market prices of essential goods. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Currently – বর্তমানে / সাম্প্রতিকে Facing – সম্মুখীন হওয়া Terrible – ভয়ানক / ভয়াবহ Crisis – সংকট Mainly – প্রধানত Rapid – দ্রুত Rise – বৃদ্ধি / উত্থান Prices – দাম / মূল্য Daily – প্রাত্যহিক Necessities – নিত্যপ্রয়োজনীয় দ্রব্যাদি Overall – সামগ্রিক Cost of living – জীবনযাত্রার ব্যয় Exponentially – সূচকীয় হারে / ব্যাপক হারে Factory – কারখানা Wages – মজুরি Proportionately – আনুপাতিক হারে / সমানুপাতিকভাবে Harsh – কঠোর / রুক্ষ Economic – অর্থনৈতিক Imbalance – ভারসাম্যহীনতা Incredibly – অবিশ্বাস্যভাবে Difficult – কঠিন Agonizing – যন্ত্রণাদায়ক Ordinary – সাধারণ Basic – মৌলিক / প্রাথমিক Minimum – ন্যূনতম Rent – ভাড়া Tiny – ক্ষুদ্র / ছোট Remaining – অবশিষ্ট / বাকি Purchasing – ক্রয় করা Essentials – প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিসপত্র Protein-rich – প্রোটিন-সমৃদ্ধ / আমিষযুক্ত Items – জিনিসপত্র Fresh – তাজা / সতেজ Unreachable – নাগালের বাইরে Luxury – বিলাসিতা Accompanied – সাথে / সঙ্গী হিসেবে Mashed potatoes – আলুভর্তা Cheapest – সবচেয়ে সস্তা Available – সহজলভ্য / পাওয়া যায় এমন Vegetables – শাকসবজি Unbalanced – ভারসাম্যহীন Diet – খাদ্যতালিকা Gradually – ধীরে ধীরে / ক্রমান্বয়ে Physically – শারীরিকভাবে Weak – দুর্বল Vulnerable – ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ / অরক্ষিত Various – বিভিন্ন Diseases – রোগব্যাধি Furthermore – অধিকন্তু / তাছাড়া Emergency – জরুরি অবস্থা Primary – প্রাথমিক Education – শিক্ষা Frequently – ঘন ঘন / প্রায়শই Borrow – ধার করা / ঋণ নেওয়া Local – স্থানীয় Lenders – ঋণদাতারা Interest – সুদ Inevitably – অনিবার্যভাবে / অবধারিতভাবে Deep – গভীর Inescapable – এড়ানো যায় না এমন / অনিবার্য Debt – ঋণ / দেনা Tragic – মর্মান্তিক / বিয়োগান্তক Reality – বাস্তবতা Beautiful – সুন্দর Entire – সম্পূর্ণ / সমগ্র World – বিশ্ব / পৃথিবী Simple – সাধারণ / সাদাসিধে Dress – পোশাক Festivals – উৎসবসমূহ Starving – অনাহার / না খেয়ে থাকা Raised – উন্নীত করা / বাড়ানো Accurately – নির্ভুলভাবে / সঠিকভাবে Reflecting – প্রতিফলিত করে Current – বর্তমান Market – বাজার Goods – পণ্যদ্রব্য Report 3 Health Hazards and Unsafe Workplaces for Garment Workers Special Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 24 The poor overall health and the unsafe working environment of garment workers remain a matter of great national concern in Bangladesh today. Even though some modern factories have improved their conditions recently, a surprisingly large number of workers still work in very unhealthy, risky environments, which slowly destroys their physical fitness and mental peace. Inside many older, poorly constructed factories, there is a severe lack of fresh air circulation and proper natural lighting. Hundreds of male and female workers sit closely together in crowded, noisy rooms, constantly breathing in harmful microscopic fabric dust and toxic chemical fumes throughout the entire day. As a direct result of this pollution, many of them suffer chronically from severe asthma, frequent headaches, deteriorating eyesight, and continuous lower back pain. Furthermore, they are treated almost like programmable machines and have to work relentlessly without getting adequate rest periods. Standing or operating sewing machines for unbelievably long hours makes them extremely exhausted. Additionally, there is always the constant, terrifying fear of sudden fire accidents or building collapses in older, poorly maintained factory infrastructures. A physically and mentally healthy worker can undoubtedly produce more quality output. Therefore, responsible factory owners must proactively provide a completely clean, well-lit, and safe working environment. Every garment factory should strictly guarantee pure drinking water, proper ventilation systems, and absolutely free, regular medical check-up facilities to protect these vulnerable, hardworking people from premature death and lifelong suffering. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Health – স্বাস্থ্য Hazards – ঝুঁকি / বিপদ Unsafe – অনিরাপদ / ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ Workplaces – কর্মস্থল Environment – পরিবেশ Remain – থাকা / অবশিষ্ট থাকা Matter – বিষয় / ব্যাপার National – জাতীয় Concern – উদ্বেগ / দুশ্চিন্তা Modern – আধুনিক Improved – উন্নত করেছে Conditions – শর্তাবলি / অবস্থাসমূহ Recently – সম্প্রতি / সাম্প্রতিককালে Surprisingly – আশ্চর্যজনকভাবে Large number – বিপুল সংখ্যক Unhealthy – অস্বাস্থ্যকর Risky – ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ Slowly – ধীরে ধীরে Destroys – ধ্বংস করে Physical fitness – শারীরিক সুস্থতা Mental peace – মানসিক শান্তি Older – পুরোনো Poorly – বাজেভাবে / দুর্বলভাবে Constructed – নির্মিত Severe – তীব্র / মারাত্মক Lack – অভাব / ঘাটতি Circulation – চলাচল / প্রবাহ Proper – সঠিক / উপযুক্ত Natural – প্রাকৃতিক Lighting – আলোর ব্যবস্থা Hundreds – শত শত Male – পুরুষ Female – নারী Closely – ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে / কাছাকাছি Together – একসাথে Noisy – কোলাহলপূর্ণ / শব্দময় Constantly – অবিরত Breathing in – শ্বাস গ্রহণ করা Harmful – ক্ষতিকর Microscopic – অণুবীক্ষণিক / অতি ক্ষুদ্র Fabric dust – কাপড়ের ধুলা / সুতার গুঁড়া Toxic – বিষাক্ত Chemical – রাসায়নিক Fumes – ধোঁয়া / গ্যাস Throughout – ব্যাপী / জুড়ে Direct result – প্রত্যক্ষ ফলাফল Pollution – দূষণ Suffer – ভোগা / কষ্ট পাওয়া Chronically – দীর্ঘস্থায়ীভাবে / চিরস্থায়ীভাবে Asthma – হাঁপানি Frequent – ঘন ঘন Headaches – মাথাব্যথা Deteriorating – অবনতিশীল / ক্ষয়িষ্ণু Eyesight – দৃষ্টিশক্তি Lower back pain – কোমর ব্যথা Treated – আচরণ করা হয় / গণ্য করা হয় Almost – প্রায় Programmable – নির্দেশ অনুযায়ী চালিত Machines – যন্ত্রসমূহ Relentlessly – নিরলসভাবে / বিরামহীনভাবে Adequate – পর্যাপ্ত Rest periods – বিশ্রামের সময় Operating – চালনা করা Sewing – সেলাই করা Unbelievably – অবিশ্বাস্যভাবে Exhausted – পরিশ্রান্ত / ক্লান্ত Additionally – উপরন্তু / এছাড়া Terrifying – ভয়ংকর / আতঙ্কজনক Fear – ভয় / ভীতি Sudden – হঠাৎ / আকস্মিক Accidents – দুর্ঘটনাসমূহ Building collapses – ভবন ধসে পড়া Maintained – রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ করা Infrastructures – অবকাঠামোগুলো Undoubtedly – নিঃসন্দেহে Produce – উৎপাদন করা Output – ফলাফল / উৎপাদিত পণ্য Responsible – দায়িত্বশীল Proactively – স্বতঃপ্রণোদিত হয়ে / আগে থেকেই Provide – প্রদান করা / সরবরাহ করা Completely – সম্পূর্ণভাবে Clean – পরিষ্কার Well-lit – সুআলোকিত Strictly – কঠোরভাবে Guarantee – নিশ্চয়তা দেওয়া Pure – বিশুদ্ধ Ventilation – বায়ু চলাচল ব্যবস্থা Absolutely – চূড়ান্তভাবে / সম্পূর্ণ Regular – নিয়মিত Medical check-up – স্বাস্থ্য পরীক্ষা Facilities – সুযোগ-সুবিধা Protect – রক্ষা করা Premature – অকাল / অপরিণত Death – মৃত্যু Lifelong – জীবনব্যাপী / আজীবন Suffering – ভোগান্তি / কষ্ট Report 4 The Untold Daily Sufferings of Female Garment Workers Staff Reporter, Dhaka Tribune, Dhaka, June 26 It is a well-known fact that approximately eighty percent of the garment workers in Bangladesh are women. They undeniably play the most important and foundational role in this multi-billion-dollar export industry, but unfortunately, their personal life is a continuous, unbreakable cycle of endless hardship, discrimination, and struggle. Most of these young women migrate from extremely poor rural families to the capital city, desperately hoping to find a better, financially secure life. However, upon arrival, they essentially have to perform a grueling double duty every single day. After working ten to twelve exhausting hours inside the hot factory, they return to their dark slums and must immediately complete all heavy household chores. This includes cooking meals, washing dirty clothes, cleaning the house, and taking careful care of their young children. Consequently, they get almost zero time to rest or sleep peacefully. Besides this physical exhaustion, female workers sometimes face completely unacceptable bad behavior, cruel verbal abuse, and physical harassment on their daily commute to the workplace or directly from supervisors inside the factory. Moreover, many factories still illegally refuse to provide proper paid maternity leave or safe childcare facilities. Women undeniably remain the primary driving force behind the immense success of our national garment sector. Therefore, the government and the powerful factory owners must unitedly ensure their absolute workplace safety, give them proper human respect, and provide special necessary facilities like modern day-care centers for their children. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Untold – অবর্ণনীয় / অব্যক্ত Sufferings – ভোগান্তি / দুঃখ-কষ্ট Female – নারী / মহিলা Well-known – সুপরিচিত / সর্বজনবিদিত Fact – সত্য / তথ্য Approximately – আনুমানিকভাবে / প্রায় Percent – শতাংশ Women – নারীরা Undeniably – অনস্বীকার্যভাবে / নিঃসন্দেহে Play – পালন করা (ভূমিকা) Important – গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Foundational – ভিত্তিমূলক / মৌলিক Role – ভূমিকা Multi-billion-dollar – বহুকোটি ডলারের Industry – শিল্প Unfortunately – দুর্ভাগ্যবশত Personal – ব্যক্তিগত Life – জীবন Unbreakable – অটুট / ভাঙা যায় না এমন Cycle – চক্র Endless – অন্তহীন / অসীম Hardship – কষ্ট / দুর্দশা Discrimination – বৈষম্য Young – তরুণ / যুবতী Migrate – স্থানান্তরিত হওয়া / দেশান্তর হওয়া Capital city – রাজধানী শহর Desperately – মরিয়া হয়ে Hoping – আশা করে Secure – নিরাপদ / নিশ্চিত Arrival – আগমন / পৌঁছানো Essentially – মূলত / অপরিহার্যভাবে Perform – সম্পাদন করা / পালন করা Grueling – অত্যন্ত ক্লান্তিকর / হাড়ভাঙা Double duty – দ্বৈত দায়িত্ব / দুই গুণ কাজ Exhausting – ক্লান্তিকর Hot – গরম / উত্তপ্ত Return – ফিরে আসা Dark – অন্ধকার Complete – সম্পন্ন করা Heavy – ভারী / কঠিন Household chores – গৃহস্থালির কাজকর্ম Cooking – রান্না করা Meals – খাবার / আহার Washing – ধৌত করা Clothes – কাপড়চোপড় Cleaning – পরিষ্কার করা Careful – যত্নশীল / সতর্ক Care – যত্ন / দেখাশোনা Children – ছেলেমেয়ে / সন্তান Consequently – ফলস্বরূপ / অতএব Zero – শূন্য (নেই বললেই চলে) Sleep – ঘুমানো Peacefully – শান্তিতে Besides – এছাড়া / পাশাপাশি Physical – শারীরিক Exhaustion – ক্লান্তি / অবসাদ Sometimes – মাঝে মাঝে Unacceptable – অগ্রহণযোগ্য Bad behavior – খারাপ আচরণ Cruel – নিষ্ঠুর / নির্দয় Verbal – মৌখিক Abuse – অপব্যবহার / গালিগালাজ Harassment – হয়রানি / নির্যাতন Commute – যাতায়াত Workplace – কর্মস্থল Directly – সরাসরি Supervisors – পরিদর্শকরা / তদারককারী Inside – ভেতরে Moreover – অধিকন্তু / তাছাড়া Illegally – বেআইনিভাবে Refuse – প্রত্যাখ্যান করা / অস্বীকার করা Paid – সবেতন Maternity leave – মাতৃত্বকালীন ছুটি Safe – নিরাপদ Childcare – শিশু পরিচর্যা Facilities – সুবিধাদি Driving force – চালিকাশক্তি Behind – পেছনে Success – সাফল্য National – জাতীয় Sector – খাত Government – সরকার Powerful – শক্তিশালী / ক্ষমতাধর Unitedly – ঐক্যবদ্ধভাবে / সম্মিলিতভাবে Ensure – নিশ্চিত করা Absolute – নিরঙ্কুশ / সম্পূর্ণ Safety – নিরাপত্তা Give – দেওয়া Respect – সম্মান / শ্রদ্ধা Special – বিশেষ Modern – আধুনিক Day-care centers – দিবাযত্ন কেন্দ্রসমূহ Report 5 The Inhuman Slum Living Conditions of Garment Workers Staff Correspondent, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, June 28 The everyday living condition of hard-working garment workers in rapidly growing big cities is truly heartbreaking and entirely unacceptable. Because of their exceptionally poor monthly income, they simply cannot afford to rent normal, healthy residential flats or proper brick houses. Consequently, they are mercilessly forced to live in highly unhygienic, deeply polluted, and severely overcrowded urban slums. Inside these neglected slums, the surrounding environment is extraordinarily dirty and completely unsuitable for human habitation. Usually, an entire poor family consisting of four to five members has to live together inside a single, tiny, dark, and damp room. The roofs of these fragile shanties are often made of cheap, thin corrugated tin, which makes the rooms unbearably hot during the boiling summer months and freezing cold during the harsh winter season. Furthermore, a huge number of slum residents have to queue up and share only one or two extremely dirty common toilets and communal bathrooms. There is also a continuous, massive crisis of pure, safe drinking water. Because of this heavily contaminated environment, the workers and their fragile children frequently suffer from deadly waterborne diseases like cholera, severe diarrhea, and painful skin infections. It is the fundamental moral duty of the state to ensure basic, hygienic housing for all its contributing citizens. The government should urgently build subsidized, low-cost housing projects near the major industrial areas so that these incredibly hard-working people can finally live a healthy, safe, and decent life. Comprehensive Vocabulary List (পূর্ণাঙ্গ শব্দার্থ): Inhuman – অমানবিক / পাশবিক Slum – বস্তি Everyday – প্রাত্যহিক / দৈনন্দিন Living condition – জীবনযাপনের অবস্থা Hard-working – কঠোর পরিশ্রমী Rapidly – দ্রুতগতিতে Growing – ক্রমবর্ধমান Cities – শহরগুলো Truly – সত্যি / প্রকৃতপক্ষে Heartbreaking – হৃদয়বিদারক / মর্মান্তিক Entirely – সম্পূর্ণরূপে Unacceptable – অগ্রহণযোগ্য Exceptionally – অস্বাভাবিকভাবে / ব্যতিক্রমীভাবে Poor – দরিদ্র / অল্প (আয়) Income – আয় Simply – নিছক / সহজভাবে Afford – সামর্থ্য থাকা Rent – ভাড়া নেওয়া Normal – স্বাভাবিক / সাধারণ Healthy – স্বাস্থ্যকর Residential – আবাসিক Flats – অ্যাপার্টমেন্ট / বাসস্থান Proper – সঠিক / উপযুক্ত Brick houses – ইটের তৈরি বাড়ি Consequently – ফলে / ফলস্বরূপ Mercilessly – নির্দয়ভাবে Forced – বাধ্য Highly – উচ্চমাত্রায় / অত্যন্ত Unhygienic – অস্বাস্থ্যকর Deeply – গভীরভাবে Polluted – দূষিত Severely – মারাত্মকভাবে Overcrowded – অতিরিক্ত ভিড় / গাদাগাদি Urban – শহরকেন্দ্রিক Neglected – অবহেলিত Surrounding – চারপাশের Environment – পরিবেশ Extraordinarily – অসাধারণভাবে / অস্বাভাবিকভাবে Dirty – নোংরা Completely – পুরোপুরি Unsuitable – অনুপযুক্ত / বেমানান Human – মানবীয় Habitation – বসতি / বসবাস Usually – সাধারণত Consisting of – গঠিত / সমন্বিত Members – সদস্যবৃন্দ Together – একত্রে Single – একক / একটি Tiny – অতি ক্ষুদ্র Dark – অন্ধকার Damp – স্যাঁতসেঁতে Room – কক্ষ / ঘর Roofs – ছাদ / চালা Fragile – ভঙ্গুর / দুর্বল Shanties – কুঁড়েঘর / ঝুপড়ি Often – প্রায়শই Made of – তৈরি Cheap – সস্তা Thin – পাতলা Corrugated tin – ঢেউখেলানো টিন Unbearably – অসহ্যভাবে Boiling – ফুটন্ত / প্রচণ্ড গরম Summer – গ্রীষ্মকাল Months – মাসগুলো Freezing – জমাটবদ্ধকারী / কনকনে Cold – শীত / ঠান্ডা Harsh – কঠোর / রুক্ষ Winter season – শীতকাল Furthermore – অধিকন্তু Huge number – বিশাল সংখ্যা Residents – বাসিন্দারা Queue up – সারিবদ্ধ হওয়া / লাইনে দাঁড়ানো Share – ভাগাভাগি করা / একসাথে ব্যবহার করা Extremely – চরমভাবে Common – সাধারণ / সবার জন্য Toilets – শৌচাগারসমূহ Communal – সম্প্রদায়গত / যৌথ Bathrooms – গোসলখানা Continuous – অবিরাম Massive – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Crisis – সংকট / অভাব Pure – বিশুদ্ধ Safe – নিরাপদ Drinking water – পান করার পানি Heavily – ভারীভাবে / ব্যাপকভাবে Contaminated – দূষিত / কলুষিত Fragile – দুর্বল / নাজুক (শিশুদের ক্ষেত্রে) Frequently – ঘন ঘন Suffer from – ভোগা Deadly – প্রাণঘাতী / মরণঘাতী Waterborne – পানিবাহিত Diseases – রোগব্যাধিসমূহ Cholera – কলেরা Diarrhea – ডায়রিয়া Painful – যন্ত্রণাদায়ক Skin infections – চর্মরোগ / ত্বকের সংক্রমণ Fundamental – মৌলিক Moral – নৈতিক Duty – কর্তব্য / দায়িত্ব State – রাষ্ট্র Ensure – নিশ্চিত করা Basic – প্রাথমিক Hygienic – স্বাস্থ্যসম্মত Housing – আবাসন / বাসস্থান Contributing – অবদানকারী Citizens – নাগরিকেরা Government – সরকার Urgently – জরুরি ভিত্তিতে Build – নির্মাণ করা Subsidized – ভর্তুকিপ্রাপ্ত Low-cost – স্বল্পমূল্যের Projects – প্রকল্পসমূহ Near – কাছাকাছি / নিকটে Major – প্রধান / বৃহৎ Industrial – শিল্পভিত্তিক Areas – এলাকাসমূহ Incredibly – অবিশ্বাস্যভাবে Finally – পরিশেষে Healthy – স্বাস্থ্যকর Decent – শোভন / ভদ্রোচিত Sample -5 Recent Earthquake Jolts Bangladesh: A Call for Preparedness Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 9 A moderate earthquake jolted Dhaka and several other parts of Bangladesh recently, creating severe panic among the citizens. According to the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, the earthquake measured 5.6 on the Richter scale. It struck late at night on June 7, shaking buildings and waking people up from their sleep. The epicenter of this earthquake was located in neighboring Bhutan, about 432 kilometers north of Dhaka. Though the shake was felt very strongly, thankfully, there were no immediate reports of any major damage to buildings or loss of life. However, the sudden tremor terrified the common people. Fearing for their lives, many people rushed out of their houses and high-rise apartments, taking shelter in the open streets. Experts have repeatedly warned that Bangladesh is situated in an active earthquake zone. The frequent occurrence of such mild and moderate tremors is a serious warning sign. If a massive earthquake hits the country, highly populated cities like Dhaka will face unimaginable destruction. This is mainly because thousands of buildings have been constructed without following proper earthquake-resistant designs. To prevent a future disaster, the government must take strict actions immediately. Construction of risky and unplanned buildings must be stopped. At the same time, massive public awareness campaigns should be launched. Everyone must learn basic safety rules, such as hiding under a strong table during a tremor. Though we cannot stop an earthquake, taking the right preparation can surely save thousands of lives. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Jolt (v.) – ঝাঁকুনি দেওয়া / প্রকম্পিত করা Epicenter (n.) – উপকেন্দ্র / উৎপত্তিস্থল Tremor (n.) – ভূকম্পন Terrify (v.) – আতঙ্কিত করা Occurrence (n.) – ঘটনা / সংঘটন Massive (adj.) – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Destruction (n.) – ধ্বংস / মারাত্মক ক্ষতি Campaign (n.) – প্রচারাভিযান Preparedness (n.) – পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Sample 1 Reckless Driving in Bangladesh: A Daily Danger Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 20 Reckless driving has become a very common and serious problem on the roads of Bangladesh. Every day, we see news about terrible road accidents in newspapers and on television. Most of these accidents happen only because of reckless driving. It has made our streets very unsafe for everyone. There are several reasons behind this problem. First, bus and truck drivers often drive at very high speeds. They dangerously race with each other on the streets to get more passengers. Many of these drivers do not have real driving licenses or proper training. They do not care about traffic signals or the safety of the people walking on the road. Second, the number of motorcycle accidents is increasing very fast. Many young boys ride motorcycles very dangerously on busy streets. They like to drive at high speeds to show off to their friends. Sadly, they often do not wear safety helmets. As a result, when an accident happens, they suffer severe head injuries. The results of reckless driving are very tragic. Hundreds of innocent people lose their lives every year. Many people lose their hands or legs and become disabled for their whole life. This brings great sorrow and financial problems to their families. We must stop this problem immediately. The traffic police must be very strict and punish the drivers who break the rules. Drivers must be properly trained before getting a license. Also, parents should not buy fast motorcycles for young, untrained boys. Everyone must be careful and follow the traffic rules to save lives. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Reckless (adj.) – বেপরোয়া Terrible (adj.) – ভয়ানক / মারাত্মক License (n.) – অনুমোদনপত্র / লাইসেন্স Show off (v.) – লোক দেখানো / জাহির করা Tragic (adj.) – মর্মান্তিক Innocent (adj.) – নিরপরাধ / নির্দোষ Disabled (adj.) – পঙ্গু / অক্ষম Sorrow (n.) – দুঃখ / শোক Strict (adj.) – কঠোর Sample 2 The Perils of Reckless Driving: City Streets Turn into Death Traps Staff Reporter, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 10 Reckless driving has become an alarming everyday reality on the streets of Bangladesh, turning roads into veritable death traps for common citizens. Despite various campaigns and the introduction of the Road Transport Act, the frequency of fatal accidents caused by unruly driving continues to rise at an unprecedented rate. The primary culprits are often commercial vehicles like buses and trucks. In a frantic race to pick up more passengers and maximize daily profits, bus drivers frequently engage in aggressive overtaking and completely ignore traffic signals. Furthermore, a significant number of these vehicles are unfit for the roads, and their drivers often possess fake licenses. This chaotic situation is exacerbated by the lack of strict enforcement of traffic laws and the tendency of offenders to evade punishment through loopholes. The consequences of this menace are devastating. Hundreds of innocent pedestrians and passengers lose their lives every year, leaving countless families emotionally and financially shattered. To curb this ongoing tragedy, the authorities must ensure the rigorous enforcement of traffic laws. Establishing an automated digital tracking system for speed limits and strictly verifying drivers' credentials are the need of the hour. Without bringing discipline to the transport sector, our streets will never be safe. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Peril (n.) – মারাত্মক বিপদ Veritable (adj.) – প্রকৃত / সত্যিকারের Unprecedented (adj.) – নজিরবিহীন Frantic (adj.) – উন্মত্ত / হন্যে হয়ে Exacerbate (v.) – আরও অবনতি ঘটানো Evade (v.) – এড়িয়ে যাওয়া / ফাঁকি দেওয়া Sample 3 Two-Wheeled Terrors: The Alarming Rise in Motorcycle Accidents Staff Correspondent, Dhaka Tribune, Dhaka, June 12 In recent years, the exponential rise of motorcycle usage in Bangladesh has brought forward a deadly trend: reckless riding by teenagers and young adults. Motorbikes, once seen merely as a convenient mode of transport, have increasingly become tools for dangerous street racing and showing off, leading to a catastrophic rise in road fatalities. Young riders, often fueled by peer pressure and a false sense of heroism, frequently drive at breakneck speeds on busy city streets and highways. They recklessly weave through heavy traffic, ignoring lanes and traffic lights. Alarmingly, many of these young riders refuse to wear standard safety helmets, making even minor collisions highly fatal. Another contributing factor is that many affluent parents buy high-powered motorcycles for their underage children without ensuring they have proper training or valid driving licenses. The impact of this reckless behavior is deeply tragic, with hospital emergency wards regularly receiving young victims with severe head injuries or paralyzed limbs. To tackle this growing epidemic, the traffic police must enforce a zero-tolerance policy against underage driving and helmet-less riding. Moreover, parents must act responsibly and refrain from handing over the keys to fast vehicles to their immature children. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Exponential (adj.) – দ্রুত বর্ধনশীল Catastrophic (adj.) – চরম বিপর্যয়কর Breakneck (adj.) – বিপজ্জনকভাবে দ্রুত Weave (v.) – এঁকেবেঁকে চলা Affluent (adj.) – বিত্তবান / ধনী Epidemic (n.) – মহামারি (এখানে ব্যাপক বিস্তার বোঝাতে) Sample 4 Blood on the Asphalt: Reckless Driving Claims More Lives on Highways Special Reporter, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, June 15 The national highways of Bangladesh are increasingly becoming synonymous with tragic bloodshed, predominantly due to the reckless driving of heavy vehicles. Every day, newspapers are filled with horrific images of mangled buses and trucks, reflecting a systemic failure in highway safety management. Most highway accidents occur due to desperate overtaking attempts on narrow two-lane roads. Bus and truck drivers often drive continuously for hours without adequate rest, leading to severe physical fatigue and sleep deprivation. Consequently, they lose concentration and control over the steering wheel, resulting in deadly head-on collisions. Additionally, driving under the influence of drugs, driving at night with blinding high-beam headlights, and operating vehicles with faulty brakes are major contributing factors to these highway massacres. When a highway accident occurs, the death toll is usually massive, wiping out entire families in a matter of seconds. To make our highways safer, the government must divide national highways into strictly separated four lanes. Furthermore, highway patrol police must actively monitor speed limits using radar guns, and transport owners must ensure mandatory rest periods for their drivers to prevent fatigue-related crashes. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Asphalt (n.) – পিচঢালা পথ Synonymous (adj.) – সমার্থক Mangled (adj.) – দুমড়েমুচড়ে যাওয়া Deprivation (n.) – বঞ্চনা / ঘাটতি (যেমন: ঘুমের ঘাটতি) Massacre (n.) – হত্যাকাণ্ড / ব্যাপক প্রাণহানি Mandatory (adj.) – বাধ্যতামূলক Sample 5 Tragic Collision Leaves Three Dead on Airport Road Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 18 A horrific road accident caused by reckless driving claimed the lives of three innocent people, including a college student, on the capital’s busy Airport Road yesterday morning. The tragic incident occurred at around 10:30 AM and left at least ten others critically injured, sparking massive outrage among the locals. According to eyewitnesses, the accident took place when two passenger buses of the same transport company were recklessly racing against each other to pick up passengers from the upcoming stoppage. In a desperate attempt to overtake, one of the buses lost control, mounted the pavement, and ploughed through a group of people waiting for transport. Three people died on the spot. Following the tragic incident, agitated locals and students blocked the busy road for three hours, demanding immediate justice and safer roads. They vandalized the killer bus, though the driver and the helper managed to flee the scene instantly. Later, a heavy police force arrived, pacified the angry mob with the assurance of arresting the culprits, and brought the traffic situation back to normal. The injured were rushed to Kurmitola General Hospital. This tragic event is yet another grim reminder of the urgent need to stop the fatal competition among bus drivers on city streets. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Collision (n.) – মুখোমুখি সংঘর্ষ Outrage (n.) – তীব্র ক্ষোভ Eyewitness (n.) – প্রত্যক্ষদর্শী Plough through (phr. v.) – তীব্র বেগে কিছুর ওপর দিয়ে চালিয়ে দেওয়া Agitated (adj.) – উত্তেজিত Pacify (v.) – শান্ত করা Grim (adj.) – ভয়ংকর / কঠোর Sample -5 Recent Earthquake Jolts Bangladesh: A Call for Preparedness Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 9 A moderate earthquake jolted Dhaka and several other parts of Bangladesh recently, creating severe panic among the citizens. According to the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, the earthquake measured 5.6 on the Richter scale. It struck late at night on June 7, shaking buildings and waking people up from their sleep. The epicenter of this earthquake was located in neighboring Bhutan, about 432 kilometers north of Dhaka. Though the shake was felt very strongly, thankfully, there were no immediate reports of any major damage to buildings or loss of life. However, the sudden tremor terrified the common people. Fearing for their lives, many people rushed out of their houses and high-rise apartments, taking shelter in the open streets. Experts have repeatedly warned that Bangladesh is situated in an active earthquake zone. The frequent occurrence of such mild and moderate tremors is a serious warning sign. If a massive earthquake hits the country, highly populated cities like Dhaka will face unimaginable destruction. This is mainly because thousands of buildings have been constructed without following proper earthquake-resistant designs. To prevent a future disaster, the government must take strict actions immediately. Construction of risky and unplanned buildings must be stopped. At the same time, massive public awareness campaigns should be launched. Everyone must learn basic safety rules, such as hiding under a strong table during a tremor. Though we cannot stop an earthquake, taking the right preparation can surely save thousands of lives. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Jolt (v.) – ঝাঁকুনি দেওয়া / প্রকম্পিত করা Epicenter (n.) – উপকেন্দ্র / উৎপত্তিস্থল Tremor (n.) – ভূকম্পন Terrify (v.) – আতঙ্কিত করা Occurrence (n.) – ঘটনা / সংঘটন Massive (adj.) – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Destruction (n.) – ধ্বংস / মারাত্মক ক্ষতি Campaign (n.) – প্রচারাভিযান Preparedness (n.) – পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Sample 1 Earthquakes in Bangladesh: A Threat We Must Prepare For Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 20 Recently, people in Bangladesh, especially in Dhaka and Sylhet, have felt several small and medium earthquakes. Though no big buildings have collapsed and no lives have been lost yet, these sudden tremors have created great fear among the citizens. Whenever the ground shakes, terrified people run out of their homes and offices to the open streets. Experts say Bangladesh is located in a dangerous earthquake zone. The country sits near major "fault lines" hidden deep underground. Because of this, earthquakes happen here. Since we are feeling frequent small shakes, scientists warn that a massive earthquake might hit our country anytime in the near future. Our biggest problem is that our cities are not ready for a big disaster. Dhaka, our capital city, has too many people and thousands of weak, unplanned buildings. Many high-rise buildings are constructed without following proper engineering rules. If a powerful earthquake strikes, these risky buildings will easily fall down. Furthermore, the roads in the cities are very narrow, which will make it very hard for fire trucks and ambulances to enter and rescue people. We cannot stop natural disasters like earthquakes, but we can save lives by being careful. The government must check old buildings and immediately stop the construction of illegal ones. Most importantly, everyone should learn what to do during an earthquake, like taking shelter under a strong table. Proper public awareness and strict building rules are our best protection. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Tremor (n.) – মৃদু ভূকম্পন Terrified (adj.) – ভীত / আতঙ্কিত Massive (adj.) – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Disaster (n.) – প্রাকৃতিক বিপর্যয় Construct (v.) – নির্মাণ করা Risky (adj.) – ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ Narrow (adj.) – সরু / সংকীর্ণ Awareness (n.) – সচেতনতা Protection (n.) – সুরক্ষা / নিরাপত্তা Sample 2: Recent Tremors Spread Panic Across Bangladesh Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 10 Recently, Bangladesh has experienced a series of mild to moderate earthquakes that have created severe panic among the common people. Over the last few months, sudden tremors have frequently shaken different parts of the country, especially Dhaka and Sylhet. Fortunately, there has been no major damage or loss of life so far, but it serves as a massive warning. Whenever these tremors occur, terrified people rush out of their houses and workplaces, taking shelter in the open streets. The fear is entirely justified because experts have continuously warned that Bangladesh is located in a highly active earthquake zone. If a major earthquake strikes, the results will be devastating. Our main problem is that we are largely unprepared. A huge number of buildings in our cities are very old, and many new buildings are built without following proper engineering plans. During a major tremor, these weak buildings will collapse easily. To save lives, the government must start immediate public awareness campaigns. People need to know exactly what to do during an earthquake, such as the "Drop, Cover, and Hold on" method. Moreover, the authorities must stop the construction of illegal and weak buildings. Proper preparation is our only defense against this natural disaster. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Tremor (n.) – মৃদু ভূকম্পন Panic (n.) – তীব্র আতঙ্ক Justified (adj.) – যৌক্তিক / ন্যায়সঙ্গত Devastating (adj.) – ধ্বংসাত্মক Unprepared (adj.) – অপ্রস্তুত Collapse (v.) – ধসে পড়া Sample 3: Frequent Earthquakes: A Wake-Up Call for Bangladesh Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 12 The recent series of seismic jolts felt across Bangladesh has sparked intense anxiety, serving as a terrifying reminder of the country's vulnerability to natural disasters. Geologists and urban planners have long warned that Bangladesh sits near the junction of several active tectonic plates, making a massive earthquake highly probable in the near future. While the recent 5.0 to 5.5 magnitude tremors caused minimal physical destruction, they exposed a major weakness: our fragile infrastructure. Unplanned urbanization has turned cities like Dhaka and Chattogram into concrete jungles. Millions of people reside in high-rise buildings that strictly violate the National Building Code. Furthermore, the narrow streets in old city areas mean that if buildings collapse, fire service and rescue vehicles will not be able to enter. Experts fear that these small jolts might be the "foreshocks" of a much larger impending disaster. We cannot stop an earthquake, but we can minimize the damage. The government authorities, especially RAJUK, must wake up and strictly enforce building codes. Existing risky buildings must be identified and retrofitted immediately. Furthermore, establishing volunteer rescue teams in every ward is crucial to ensure immediate response after a disaster. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Seismic (adj.) – ভূমিকম্প সম্বন্ধীয় Vulnerability (n.) – অরক্ষিত অবস্থা / ঝুঁকি Junction (n.) – সংযোগস্থল Tectonic plate (n.) – ভূত্বকীয় পাত Impending (adj.) – আসন্ন (যা ঘটতে যাচ্ছে) Retrofit (v.) – পুরোনো ভবনে নতুন প্রযুক্তি যুক্ত করে শক্তিশালী করা Sample 4 The Looming Catastrophe: Frequent Tremors Expose Urban Fragility Special Correspondent, Dhaka Tribune, June 15 A recent barrage of moderate earthquakes has laid bare the acute vulnerability of Bangladesh to a catastrophic seismic event. Positioned precariously atop the active Dauki and Madhupur fault lines, the nation is geologically primed for a massive tectonic shift. While the recent tremors resulted in negligible casualties, disaster management experts view them as ominous preludes to a "mega-quake." The core crisis facing Bangladesh is not merely geological, but deeply infrastructural. Dhaka, one of the most densely populated megacities globally, is burdened with a proliferation of non-compliant, unregulated structures. A survey suggests that a magnitude 7.0 earthquake could level nearly a third of the capital's buildings. In such a horrific scenario, the city's exceptionally narrow alleys would severely impede heavy rescue equipment, effectively turning densely packed neighborhoods into concrete traps. Furthermore, essential utility lines, such as gas and electricity, are highly susceptible to massive explosions during a severe quake, which could trigger secondary disasters. Mitigating this looming threat demands a ruthless and proactive approach. The administration must mandate rigorous seismic evaluations for all commercial and residential high-rises. Decentralizing emergency response units and integrating disaster resilience into the core of urban planning are no longer optional. Complacency today will inevitably lead to an unimaginable tragedy tomorrow. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Catastrophic (adj.) – চরম বিপর্যয়কর Precariously (adv.) – বিপজ্জনকভাবে Ominous prelude (n.) – অশুভ পূর্বলক্ষণ Proliferation (n.) – দ্রুত বিস্তার / বৃদ্ধি Impede (v.) – বাধা দেওয়া / ব্যাহত করা Susceptible (adj.) – সংবেদনশীল / সহজে আক্রান্ত হতে পারে এমন Complacency (n.) – আত্মসন্তুষ্টি (বিপদ সম্পর্কে অসচেতনতা) Sample -5 Recent Earthquake Jolts Bangladesh: A Call for Preparedness Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 9 A moderate earthquake jolted Dhaka and several other parts of Bangladesh recently, creating severe panic among the citizens. According to the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, the earthquake measured 5.6 on the Richter scale. It struck late at night on June 7, shaking buildings and waking people up from their sleep. The epicenter of this earthquake was located in neighboring Bhutan, about 432 kilometers north of Dhaka. Though the shake was felt very strongly, thankfully, there were no immediate reports of any major damage to buildings or loss of life. However, the sudden tremor terrified the common people. Fearing for their lives, many people rushed out of their houses and high-rise apartments, taking shelter in the open streets. Experts have repeatedly warned that Bangladesh is situated in an active earthquake zone. The frequent occurrence of such mild and moderate tremors is a serious warning sign. If a massive earthquake hits the country, highly populated cities like Dhaka will face unimaginable destruction. This is mainly because thousands of buildings have been constructed without following proper earthquake-resistant designs. To prevent a future disaster, the government must take strict actions immediately. Construction of risky and unplanned buildings must be stopped. At the same time, massive public awareness campaigns should be launched. Everyone must learn basic safety rules, such as hiding under a strong table during a tremor. Though we cannot stop an earthquake, taking the right preparation can surely save thousands of lives. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): Jolt (v.) – ঝাঁকুনি দেওয়া / প্রকম্পিত করা Epicenter (n.) – উপকেন্দ্র / উৎপত্তিস্থল Tremor (n.) – ভূকম্পন Terrify (v.) – আতঙ্কিত করা Occurrence (n.) – ঘটনা / সংঘটন Massive (adj.) – বিশাল / ব্যাপক Destruction (n.) – ধ্বংস / মারাত্মক ক্ষতি Campaign (n.) – প্রচারাভিযান Preparedness (n.) – পূর্বপ্রস্তুতি Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Sample 1 Why Students Fail in English: A Growing Concern Staff Reporter, Dhaka, June 18 English is a compulsory subject in our education system, but it is also the subject where students fail the most. Every year, a large number of students fail their board exams only because of English. There are several reasons behind this alarming situation in Bangladesh. First of all, English is a foreign language, and most students have a natural fear or phobia of it. Instead of trying to understand the rules and meaning, they simply memorize answers from guidebooks. As a result, when questions are slightly changed in the exam, they cannot answer them properly. Secondly, our teaching method is often faulty. Many schools, especially in rural areas, do not have trained English teachers. Classes are overcrowded, making it impossible for teachers to give individual attention to weaker students. Furthermore, students do not get an English-speaking environment at home or school, which limits their daily practice. To solve this major problem, the teaching system must be changed. Teachers should make the lessons interesting and interactive rather than just focusing on strict grammar rules. Students must be encouraged to read English storybooks and practice speaking with friends without the fear of making mistakes. If we can remove the fear of English, the pass rate will definitely improve. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): compulsory (adj.) – বাধ্যতামূলক phobia (n.) – ভীতি / অহেতুক ভয় memorize (v.) – মুখস্থ করা faulty (adj.) – ত্রুটিপূর্ণ overcrowded (adj.) – অতিরিক্ত ভিড় / জনাকীর্ণ interactive (adj.) – পারস্পরিক ক্রিয়াশীল (যেখানে শিক্ষক-ছাত্র উভয়েই অংশগ্রহণ করে) Sample 2: Flawed Methods and Fear: The Root of English Failures Education Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 18 Despite the introduction of the Communicative English curriculum, the failure rate in English remains a major headache for the education board. A deep dive into the issue reveals that the problem lies not with the students' merit, but largely within the instructional methods and assessment systems. The primary cause is the lack of skilled and adequately trained teachers, particularly in rural and suburban institutions. Many teachers still follow the traditional Grammar-Translation method instead of practical, communicative approaches. Consequently, students treat English merely as a subject to pass rather than a language to master for real-life communication. Moreover, the over-reliance on commercial guidebooks and coaching centers has severely damaged students' creative writing skills. The current examination system often rewards rote learning over actual linguistic competence. Large class sizes further prevent interactive language practice, making classes dull. When students face unseen passages or creative writing tasks, they easily panic and fail. Addressing this issue requires immediate pedagogical reform. The government must arrange continuous, rigorous training for English teachers. Furthermore, the examination pattern should be modified to test actual listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills instead of testing memorized paragraphs and essays. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): curriculum (n.) – শিক্ষাক্রম instructional (adj.) – শিক্ষণ বিষয়ক traditional (adj.) – প্রচলিত / গতানুগতিক competence (n.) – দক্ষতা / যোগ্যতা over-reliance (n.) – অতিরিক্ত নির্ভরতা pedagogical (adj.) – শিক্ষাদান-সংক্রান্ত rigorous (adj.) – কঠোর / পুঙ্খানুপুঙ্খ Sample 3: Beyond the Syllabus: Systemic Causes of English Failures Special Correspondent, Dhaka Tribune, June 18 The consistent failure of students in English across secondary and higher secondary levels highlights a deep-rooted systemic crisis in Bangladesh’s educational framework. While "English phobia" is often blamed, the actual causes are heavily tied to socio-economic disparities and structural flaws in language evaluation. A significant factor is the sharp urban-rural divide. Students in metropolitan areas enjoy access to better-equipped schools, digital resources, and a culturally supportive environment for language acquisition. In contrast, rural students are heavily deprived of competent instructors and modern learning tools, putting them at a severe academic disadvantage from a young age. Additionally, the education system inadvertently promotes "teaching to the test." The focus is heavily skewed toward written grammar and textbook comprehension, almost completely ignoring the spoken and listening aspects of the language. This creates a psychological barrier where students feel overwhelmed by complex grammatical rules without understanding their practical application. The booming private tutoring industry further exacerbates this, creating an unequal playing field where only those who can afford expensive coaching succeed. To eradicate this persistent failure, a holistic approach is mandatory. Decentralizing quality education, ensuring equitable distribution of trained teachers, and reforming the curriculum to prioritize functional language skills over theoretical grammar are crucial steps to save the youth from academic disaster. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): systemic (adj.) – পদ্ধতিগত / কাঠামোগত disparities (n.) – বৈষম্য acquisition (n.) – অর্জন (ভাষা শেখার প্রক্রিয়া) skewed (adj.) – পক্ষপাতদুষ্ট / একপেশে exacerbate (v.) – অধিকতর খারাপ করা / অবনতি ঘটানো holistic (adj.) – সমগ্রতাবাদী / সামগ্রিক Sample -3 The Dark Side of Social Media: Facebook's Toll on the Youth Staff Correspondent, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, June 10 While Facebook was designed to connect people globally, it has paradoxically become a source of profound isolation and psychological distress for today's young generation. In Bangladesh, the unchecked and excessive use of this platform is leading to severe social and moral degradation among teenagers, raising alarms among sociologists, parents, and mental health experts alike. The most concerning negative impact is the sharp rise in psychological disorders. Young minds are constantly exposed to the artificial, heavily curated lives of others, which often triggers an intense "fear of missing out" (FOMO). This continuous toxic comparison breeds deep-seated inferiority complexes, anxiety, and severe depression. Furthermore, Facebook has become a notorious breeding ground for cyberbullying. Teenagers frequently fall victim to online harassment, blackmail, and public shaming, which in some tragic instances has driven young individuals to self-harm. Socially, this addiction is eroding the very fabric of family life. Youngsters are increasingly confining themselves to their rooms, completely absorbed in virtual interactions while ignoring their parents and siblings. This lack of real-world socialization prevents them from developing essential interpersonal skills, patience, and empathy. Moreover, unfiltered exposure to alien cultures and inappropriate content is slowly distancing the youth from our rich cultural heritage and traditional ethical values. To save the youth from this digital abyss, immediate and coordinated steps are necessary. Parents must actively monitor screen time and cultivate an environment that encourages real-life communication and outdoor activities. Educational institutions must introduce regular counseling on digital safety and moral values, teaching the young generation that virtual validation is no substitute for real-world achievements. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): paradoxically (adv.) – বৈপরীত্যভাবে / অদ্ভুতভাবে profound (adj.) – গভীর / তীব্র curated (adj.) – সুসজ্জিত / বাছাইকৃত inferiority complex (n.) – হীনম্মন্যতা harassment (n.) – হয়রানি erode (v.) – ক্ষয় করা / নষ্ট করা abyss (n.) – অতল গহ্বর validation (n.) – স্বীকৃতি / বৈধতা প্রমাণ Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Facebook and the Youth: A Double-Edged Sword Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 8 Facebook has undeniably revolutionized the way people communicate, becoming an inseparable part of modern life, particularly for the young generation. For many teenagers and young adults, this social media platform is the primary medium for social interaction, entertainment, and even academic collaboration. However, its widespread use has sparked a nationwide debate regarding its ultimate impact on the youth. On the positive side, Facebook serves as a powerful tool for global connectivity. It allows students to form study groups, exchange educational resources, and stay updated on current affairs. Many young entrepreneurs also utilize the platform to launch small businesses and showcase their creative talents to a broader audience. Despite these benefits, the negative impacts are alarming. A significant portion of the youth is falling prey to Facebook addiction, spending countless hours mindlessly scrolling through their newsfeeds. This obsession severely hampers their academic performance and reduces their participation in outdoor physical activities. Furthermore, the rise of cyberbullying and the constant comparison to idealized virtual lives often lead to anxiety, depression, and severe psychological distress among teenagers. Experts suggest that completely banning Facebook is neither practical nor the solution. Instead, parents and educational institutions must guide the youth on digital literacy. Practicing moderation and setting strict time limits can help the young generation harness the positive aspects of Facebook while avoiding its detrimental traps. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): inseparable (adj.) – অবিচ্ছেদ্য collaboration (n.) – সহযোগিতা / যৌথ কাজ obsession (n.) – আবেশ / ঘোর cyberbullying (n.) – অনলাইনে হয়রানি distress (n.) – চরম হতাশা / দুর্দশা moderation (n.) – পরিমিতিবোধ detrimental (adj.) – ক্ষতিকর Sample 2 The Silent Threat: Facebook Addiction Grasping the Youth Special Reporter, Dhaka Tribune, Dhaka, June 8 The growing addiction to Facebook among the young generation has emerged as a serious concern for parents, educators, and health professionals across the country. What began as a simple social networking site has now transformed into a digital trap, consuming the valuable time and energy of school and college-going students. A recent survey indicates that a vast majority of students spend more than four hours a day on Facebook. This excessive screen time directly conflicts with their academic responsibilities. Late-night browsing is leading to severe sleep deprivation, or insomnia, which results in a lack of concentration in classrooms and declining exam grades. Instead of reading books or engaging in creative hobbies, the youth are increasingly captivated by virtual likes and comments. Beyond academic decline, the physical and social impacts are equally concerning. Prolonged use of digital devices is causing a rise in eyesight problems and obesity among teenagers due to a sedentary lifestyle. Socially, while they may have thousands of virtual friends, many suffer from real-life isolation. The warmth of family gatherings and face-to-face interactions is being replaced by the cold glow of mobile screens. Psychologists urge immediate intervention to address this behavioral shift. It is crucial for parents to monitor their children's internet usage and encourage them to participate in sports and social work. A collective effort is required to bring the youth back from the virtual illusion to the realities of a productive life. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): deprivation (n.) – বঞ্চনা / ঘাটতি insomnia (n.) – অনিদ্রা captivate (v.) – মুগ্ধ করা / আকৃষ্ট করা obesity (n.) – স্থূলতা sedentary (adj.) – বসে কাজ করতে হয় এমন / কায়িকশ্রমহীন isolation (n.) – বিচ্ছিন্নতা / একাকীত্ব intervention (n.) – হস্তক্ষেপ Sample -3 The Dark Side of Social Media: Facebook's Toll on the Youth Staff Correspondent, The Daily Sun, Dhaka, June 10 While Facebook was designed to connect people globally, it has paradoxically become a source of profound isolation and psychological distress for today's young generation. In Bangladesh, the unchecked and excessive use of this platform is leading to severe social and moral degradation among teenagers, raising alarms among sociologists, parents, and mental health experts alike. The most concerning negative impact is the sharp rise in psychological disorders. Young minds are constantly exposed to the artificial, heavily curated lives of others, which often triggers an intense "fear of missing out" (FOMO). This continuous toxic comparison breeds deep-seated inferiority complexes, anxiety, and severe depression. Furthermore, Facebook has become a notorious breeding ground for cyberbullying. Teenagers frequently fall victim to online harassment, blackmail, and public shaming, which in some tragic instances has driven young individuals to self-harm. Socially, this addiction is eroding the very fabric of family life. Youngsters are increasingly confining themselves to their rooms, completely absorbed in virtual interactions while ignoring their parents and siblings. This lack of real-world socialization prevents them from developing essential interpersonal skills, patience, and empathy. Moreover, unfiltered exposure to alien cultures and inappropriate content is slowly distancing the youth from our rich cultural heritage and traditional ethical values. To save the youth from this digital abyss, immediate and coordinated steps are necessary. Parents must actively monitor screen time and cultivate an environment that encourages real-life communication and outdoor activities. Educational institutions must introduce regular counseling on digital safety and moral values, teaching the young generation that virtual validation is no substitute for real-world achievements. Selected Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): paradoxically (adv.) – বৈপরীত্যভাবে / অদ্ভুতভাবে profound (adj.) – গভীর / তীব্র curated (adj.) – সুসজ্জিত / বাছাইকৃত inferiority complex (n.) – হীনম্মন্যতা harassment (n.) – হয়রানি erode (v.) – ক্ষয় করা / নষ্ট করা abyss (n.) – অতল গহ্বর validation (n.) – স্বীকৃতি / বৈধতা প্রমাণ Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Corruption Soaring in Bangladesh: A Threat to National Development Staff Correspondent, The Daily Star, Dhaka, June 10 According to the recent reports of the Global Corruption Perception Index, Bangladesh continues to rank among the most corrupt countries in the world, proving that corruption is still an unabated issue in our country. Corruption is sapping the vitality of the nation. It has already taken a demonic shape and remains the biggest challenge for the administration. It can no longer be called an open secret; it is now an open practice. Corruption prevails from the lowest to the highest tiers of various offices. It has also spread into NGOs, non-government, and autonomous organizations. Despite the introduction of digital services like e-tendering and e-TIN, bribery, extortion, and misuse of power continue to rise. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) has frequently pointed out that political and administrative influence on the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) has often made the commission weak, preventing it from performing properly. If the commission were proactive and completely independent in performing its duties, Bangladesh would have done much better in its fight against corruption. Corruption paves the way for the rich to become masters and exploit the poor masses. It is the primary reason the rich are becoming richer and the poor poorer. An honest person often struggles to maintain a decent livelihood, while a dishonest individual holding a lucrative position accumulates illegal wealth overnight. It is high time the government took immediate and stern steps to reduce corruption. Authorities must make the ACC a highly effective organization and let it work freely for combating corruption. Furthermore, social awareness, ethical education, and a strong moral awakening are essential to eliminate this malpractice from the roots of our society. Vocabulary (নির্বাচিত শব্দার্থ): soar (v.) – বৃদ্ধি পাওয়া / সূচক উপরে ওঠা pervasive (adj.) – ব্যাপ্ত / চারদিকে ছড়ানো vitality (n.) – প্রাণশক্তি unabated (adj.) – অবাধ / কমানো হয়নি এমন autonomous (adj.) – স্বায়ত্তশাসিত exploit (v.) – শোষণ করা lucrative (adj.) – লাভজনক proactive (adj.) – স্বতঃপ্রণোদিত combat (v.) – দমন করা / লড়াই করা Rohingya Crisis: A Humanitarian Emergency Amin, Cox's Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya refugee camps in Teknaf, near the Myanmar border, house thousands fleeing violence. Overcrowded and lacking basic necessities, refugees struggle for food, clean water, and medical aid. Families live in flimsy bamboo shelters, many arriving weak and traumatized. Healthcare is critical—malnutrition, infections, and disease outbreaks threaten lives, especially among children. Limited medical facilities make the situation worse. Education is another crisis. Makeshift schools lack teachers and resources, leaving Rohingya children without a future. Despite hardships, refugees build small support networks, while aid groups provide relief. However, temporary aid isn't enough. The international community must act now to ensure safety, dignity, and long-term solutions for the Rohingya people. Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar. Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs. Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare. Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions. Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements. Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water. Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems. Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources. Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff. Education is another critical concern. Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain. Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials. Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence. Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident. They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles. Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious. Temporary relief is not enough. The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people. Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward Bangla Translation Struggles of the Rohingya: A Crisis in Cox’s Bazar Amin, Cox’s Bazar, February 1, 2025 The Rohingya crisis remains one of the most pressing humanitarian issues, with thousands of refugees seeking shelter in makeshift camps in Cox’s Bazar.(রোহিঙ্গা সংকট সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মানবিক সমস্যাগুলোর মধ্যে একটি রয়ে গেছে, যেখানে হাজারো শরণার্থী কক্সবাজারের অস্থায়ী ক্যাম্পে আশ্রয় নিচ্ছে।) Fleeing persecution in Myanmar, these displaced people arrive exhausted, with little more than the clothes on their backs.(মিয়ানমারে নির্যাতনের শিকার হয়ে, এই বাস্তুচ্যুত মানুষরা ক্লান্ত ও নিঃস্ব অবস্থায় এসে পৌঁছায়, কেবলমাত্র গায়ে থাকা পোশাক ছাড়া প্রায় কিছুই নেই।) Life in the camps is a daily struggle for survival, with overcrowding, food shortages, and limited access to healthcare.(ক্যাম্পের জীবন প্রতিদিনের টিকে থাকার লড়াই, যেখানে অতিরিক্ত ভিড়, খাদ্যের অভাব এবং সীমিত স্বাস্থ্যসেবার সুযোগ রয়েছে।) Walking through the camps, one cannot ignore the dire conditions.(ক্যাম্পের ভেতর দিয়ে হাঁটলে, ভয়াবহ পরিস্থিতি উপেক্ষা করা অসম্ভব।) Families live in fragile bamboo huts covered with plastic sheets, offering little protection from the elements.(পরিবারগুলো দুর্বল বাঁশের কুঁড়েঘরে বসবাস করে, যা প্লাস্টিকের চাদরে ঢাকা থাকে এবং প্রকৃতির প্রতিকূলতার বিরুদ্ধে খুব কমই সুরক্ষা দেয়।) Many refugees recount harrowing journeys, trekking for days without food or water.(অনেক শরণার্থী তাদের ভয়াবহ যাত্রার কথা বলেন, যেখানে তারা দিনের পর দিন খাদ্য বা পানি ছাড়াই পায়ে হেঁটে এসেছেন।) Their suffering doesn’t end upon arrival, as they face new challenges in the cramped settlements.(তাদের দুর্ভোগ এখানেই শেষ হয় না, কারণ সংকীর্ণ বসতিতে এসে তারা নতুন নতুন সমস্যার সম্মুখীন হয়।) The lack of proper sanitation and clean water increases the risk of disease outbreaks.(পর্যাপ্ত স্যানিটেশন ও বিশুদ্ধ পানির অভাবের কারণে রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাবের ঝুঁকি বেড়ে যায়।) Malnutrition is widespread, particularly among children, who suffer from stunted growth and weakened immune systems.(পুষ্টিহীনতা ব্যাপকভাবে ছড়িয়ে পড়েছে, বিশেষ করে শিশুদের মধ্যে, যারা খর্বকায় বৃদ্ধি ও দুর্বল রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতার শিকার।) Medical teams work tirelessly, but the demand far exceeds available resources.(চিকিৎসা দল নিরলসভাবে কাজ করছে, তবে চাহিদা বিদ্যমান সংস্থানের তুলনায় অনেক বেশি।) Clinics operate under extreme pressure, struggling to provide essential care with limited medicine and staff.(ক্লিনিকগুলো চরম চাপে পরিচালিত হচ্ছে, যেখানে সীমিত ওষুধ ও কর্মীর সাহায্যে জরুরি চিকিৎসা প্রদান করা কঠিন হয়ে পড়েছে।) Education is another critical concern.(শিক্ষাও আরেকটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সমস্যা।) Thousands of children in the camps have no access to formal schooling, leaving their future uncertain.(ক্যাম্পের হাজারো শিশু আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ পাচ্ছে না, যার ফলে তাদের ভবিষ্যৎ অনিশ্চিত হয়ে পড়ছে।) Some makeshift learning centers exist, but they lack trained teachers and adequate materials.(কিছু অস্থায়ী শিক্ষা কেন্দ্র রয়েছে, তবে সেখানে প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক ও পর্যাপ্ত শিক্ষাসামগ্রী নেই।) Without proper education, an entire generation risks being left behind, trapped in a cycle of poverty and dependence.(যথাযথ শিক্ষা ছাড়া, পুরো একটি প্রজন্ম পিছিয়ে পড়ার ঝুঁকিতে রয়েছে, দারিদ্র্য ও নির্ভরতার চক্রে আটকে পড়ছে।) Despite these hardships, the resilience of the Rohingya people is evident.(এই সকল দুর্ভোগের মধ্যেও, রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের সহনশীলতা স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতীয়মান।) They have built small communities within the camps, supporting one another through shared struggles.(তারা ক্যাম্পের ভেতরে ছোট ছোট সম্প্রদায় গড়ে তুলেছে, যেখানে তারা একে অপরকে তাদের সংগ্রামের মধ্যে সহায়তা করে।) Local and international organizations continue their efforts to provide aid, but the situation remains precarious.(স্থানীয় ও আন্তর্জাতিক সংস্থাগুলো সাহায্য প্রদানের প্রচেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে, তবে পরিস্থিতি এখনও নাজুক।) Temporary relief is not enough.(অস্থায়ী সাহায্য যথেষ্ট নয়।) The global community must take meaningful steps toward a long-term solution, ensuring safety, dignity, and a future for the Rohingya people.(বিশ্ব সম্প্রদায়কে দীর্ঘমেয়াদী সমাধানের জন্য কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ নিতে হবে, যাতে রোহিঙ্গা জনগণের নিরাপত্তা, মর্যাদা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিশ্চিত করা যায়।) Without decisive action, this crisis will continue to deepen, leaving thousands in desperate conditions with no way forward.(নির্ধারিত পদক্ষেপ ছাড়া, এই সংকট আরও গভীরতর হবে, হাজারো মানুষকে হতাশাজনক অবস্থায় রেখে কোনো পথ না দেখিয়ে।)

Paragraph The Necessity of Compulsory ICT Education Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in modern life. We live in a digital world where computers, smartphones, and the internet are used in almost every field. Therefore, ICT education should be compulsory for all students. ICT helps students develop important digital skills and use technology effectively. It also prepares them for higher education and future careers, as most jobs today require basic computer knowledge. Moreover, ICT makes learning easier, faster, and more interesting by providing access to online resources, educational videos, and digital libraries. It encourages creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. ICT education is also essential for the development of a country because skilled and technologically educated citizens contribute to economic growth and innovation. To make ICT education successful, schools need proper facilities, trained teachers, and internet access. In conclusion, compulsory ICT education is necessary to prepare students for the modern world and help them become competent and responsible digital citizens. বাধ্যতামূলক আইসিটি শিক্ষার প্রয়োজনীয়তা তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (ICT) আধুনিক জীবনে অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। আমরা এমন একটি ডিজিটাল বিশ্বে বাস করি যেখানে কম্পিউটার, স্মার্টফোন এবং ইন্টারনেট প্রায় প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। তাই সকল শিক্ষার্থীর জন্য আইসিটি শিক্ষা বাধ্যতামূলক হওয়া উচিত। আইসিটি শিক্ষার্থীদের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ডিজিটাল দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে এবং প্রযুক্তিকে কার্যকরভাবে ব্যবহার করতে সাহায্য করে। এটি তাদের উচ্চশিক্ষা ও ভবিষ্যৎ কর্মজীবনের জন্যও প্রস্তুত করে, কারণ বর্তমানে অধিকাংশ চাকরিতেই মৌলিক কম্পিউটার জ্ঞানের প্রয়োজন হয়। এছাড়া, অনলাইন শিক্ষাসামগ্রী, শিক্ষামূলক ভিডিও এবং ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরির মাধ্যমে আইসিটি শিক্ষাকে আরও সহজ, দ্রুত ও আকর্ষণীয় করে তোলে। এটি সৃজনশীলতা, সমালোচনামূলক চিন্তাশক্তি এবং সমস্যা সমাধানের দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধি করে। একটি দেশের উন্নয়নের জন্যও আইসিটি শিক্ষা অপরিহার্য, কারণ দক্ষ ও প্রযুক্তি-সচেতন নাগরিকরা অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি ও উদ্ভাবনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অবদান রাখে। আইসিটি শিক্ষা সফল করতে বিদ্যালয়গুলোতে প্রয়োজনীয় সুযোগ-সুবিধা, প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক এবং ইন্টারনেট সংযোগ নিশ্চিত করতে হবে। সর্বোপরি, আধুনিক বিশ্বের উপযোগী দক্ষ ও দায়িত্বশীল ডিজিটাল নাগরিক গড়ে তুলতে বাধ্যতামূলক আইসিটি শিক্ষা অত্যন্ত প্রয়োজন। Composition / Essay Writing The Necessity of Compulsory ICT Education Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an important part of modern life. We live in a digital world where computers, smartphones, and the internet are used in almost every field. Therefore, ICT education should be made compulsory for all students. First of all, ICT helps students gain essential digital skills. Today, many academic and professional activities depend on computers and the internet. Students need to know how to use software, search for information online, prepare presentations, and communicate through digital platforms. Without ICT knowledge, it is difficult to keep pace with the modern world. Secondly, compulsory ICT education prepares students for future careers. Most jobs now require basic computer skills. Fields such as business, banking, healthcare, engineering, and education heavily depend on technology. By learning ICT from an early stage, students can develop the skills needed for higher education and employment. Moreover, ICT makes learning more effective and interesting. Students can access online libraries, educational videos, digital books, and various learning resources. ICT also encourages creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities. It enables students to learn independently and explore new ideas. ICT education is also important for national development. A country cannot progress without skilled human resources in technology. When students become digitally competent, they contribute to innovation, economic growth, and the development of a smart society. However, making ICT education compulsory requires proper facilities. Schools should have computer laboratories, internet access, and trained teachers. The government and educational institutions should work together to ensure equal opportunities for all students. In conclusion, ICT is no longer a luxury but a necessity. To prepare students for the challenges and opportunities of the digital age, ICT education should be compulsory at all levels of education. It will help build a knowledgeable, skilled, and technologically advanced generation. বাধ্যতামূলক আইসিটি শিক্ষার প্রয়োজনীয়তা তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি (ICT) আধুনিক বিশ্বের একটি অপরিহার্য অংশ হয়ে উঠেছে। আমরা এমন এক যুগে বাস করছি যেখানে কম্পিউটার, স্মার্টফোন এবং ইন্টারনেট প্রায় সব ক্ষেত্রেই ব্যবহৃত হচ্ছে। তাই সকল শিক্ষার্থীর জন্য আইসিটি শিক্ষা বাধ্যতামূলক করা উচিত। প্রথমত, আইসিটি শিক্ষার্থীদের প্রয়োজনীয় ডিজিটাল দক্ষতা অর্জনে সাহায্য করে। বর্তমানে শিক্ষা ও কর্মক্ষেত্রের অধিকাংশ কাজ কম্পিউটার এবং ইন্টারনেটনির্ভর। শিক্ষার্থীদের সফটওয়্যার ব্যবহার, অনলাইনে তথ্য অনুসন্ধান, উপস্থাপনা তৈরি এবং ডিজিটাল মাধ্যমে যোগাযোগ করার দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে হয়। আইসিটি জ্ঞান ছাড়া আধুনিক বিশ্বের সঙ্গে তাল মিলিয়ে চলা কঠিন। দ্বিতীয়ত, বাধ্যতামূলক আইসিটি শিক্ষা শিক্ষার্থীদের ভবিষ্যৎ কর্মজীবনের জন্য প্রস্তুত করে। বর্তমানে ব্যবসা, ব্যাংকিং, স্বাস্থ্যসেবা, প্রকৌশল এবং শিক্ষাসহ প্রায় সব পেশাতেই কম্পিউটার দক্ষতার প্রয়োজন রয়েছে। ছোটবেলা থেকেই আইসিটি শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করলে শিক্ষার্থীরা উচ্চশিক্ষা ও চাকরিক্ষেত্রে সফল হওয়ার জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় দক্ষতা অর্জন করতে পারে। এছাড়া, আইসিটি শিক্ষাকে আরও কার্যকর ও আকর্ষণীয় করে তোলে। শিক্ষার্থীরা অনলাইন লাইব্রেরি, শিক্ষামূলক ভিডিও, ডিজিটাল বই এবং বিভিন্ন শিক্ষাসামগ্রীর সহজ ব্যবহার করতে পারে। এটি তাদের সৃজনশীলতা, সমালোচনামূলক চিন্তাশক্তি এবং সমস্যা সমাধানের ক্ষমতা বৃদ্ধি করে। আইসিটি শিক্ষার্থীদের স্বাধীনভাবে শেখার সুযোগও সৃষ্টি করে। একটি দেশের উন্নয়নের জন্যও আইসিটি শিক্ষা অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। প্রযুক্তিতে দক্ষ মানবসম্পদ ছাড়া কোনো দেশ টেকসই উন্নয়ন অর্জন করতে পারে না। যখন শিক্ষার্থীরা প্রযুক্তিতে দক্ষ হয়ে ওঠে, তখন তারা উদ্ভাবন, অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়ন এবং স্মার্ট সমাজ গঠনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে। তবে আইসিটি শিক্ষা বাধ্যতামূলক করতে হলে প্রয়োজনীয় অবকাঠামো নিশ্চিত করতে হবে। বিদ্যালয়গুলোতে কম্পিউটার ল্যাব, ইন্টারনেট সংযোগ এবং প্রশিক্ষিত শিক্ষক থাকা প্রয়োজন। সরকার ও শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোকে একসঙ্গে কাজ করে সকল শিক্ষার্থীর জন্য সমান সুযোগ নিশ্চিত করতে হবে। পরিশেষে বলা যায়, আইসিটি এখন আর বিলাসিতা নয়, বরং একটি অপরিহার্য প্রয়োজন। ডিজিটাল যুগের চ্যালেঞ্জ ও সুযোগের জন্য শিক্ষার্থীদের প্রস্তুত করতে শিক্ষার সব স্তরে আইসিটি শিক্ষা বাধ্যতামূলক করা উচিত। এর মাধ্যমে একটি জ্ঞানভিত্তিক, দক্ষ এবং প্রযুক্তিনির্ভর প্রজন্ম গড়ে তোলা সম্ভব হবে। Vocabulary Vocabulary & Phrases on The Necessity of Compulsory ICT Education English Word/Phrase বাংলা অর্থ 1. Information Technology (IT) তথ্যপ্রযুক্তি 2. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) তথ্য ও যোগাযোগ প্রযুক্তি 3. Compulsory বাধ্যতামূলক 4. Necessity প্রয়োজনীয়তা 5. Education শিক্ষা 6. Student শিক্ষার্থী 7. Teacher শিক্ষক 8. School বিদ্যালয় 9. College কলেজ 10. University বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় 11. Computer কম্পিউটার 12. Laptop ল্যাপটপ 13. Smartphone স্মার্টফোন 14. Internet ইন্টারনেট 15. Technology প্রযুক্তি 16. Digital ডিজিটাল 17. Digital literacy ডিজিটাল সাক্ষরতা 18. Online learning অনলাইন শিক্ষা 19. E-learning ই-লার্নিং 20. Virtual classroom ভার্চুয়াল শ্রেণিকক্ষ 21. Software সফটওয়্যার 22. Hardware হার্ডওয়্যার 23. Application (App) অ্যাপ্লিকেশন 24. Website ওয়েবসাইট 25. Search engine অনুসন্ধান ইঞ্জিন 26. Database তথ্যভাণ্ডার 27. Digital skill ডিজিটাল দক্ষতা 28. Technical skill কারিগরি দক্ষতা 29. Computer literacy কম্পিউটার জ্ঞান 30. Innovation উদ্ভাবন 31. Creativity সৃজনশীলতা 32. Productivity উৎপাদনশীলতা 33. Efficiency দক্ষতা 34. Communication যোগাযোগ 35. Networking নেটওয়ার্কিং 36. Knowledge জ্ঞান 37. Information তথ্য 38. Data উপাত্ত 39. Research গবেষণা 40. Assignment নির্ধারিত কাজ English Word/Phrase বাংলা অর্থ 41. Presentation উপস্থাপনা 42. Project প্রকল্প 43. Career কর্মজীবন 44. Employment কর্মসংস্থান 45. Profession পেশা 46. Job market চাকরির বাজার 47. Future career ভবিষ্যৎ কর্মজীবন 48. Globalization বিশ্বায়ন 49. Digital world ডিজিটাল বিশ্ব 50. Modern age আধুনিক যুগ 51. Smart society স্মার্ট সমাজ 52. Smart nation স্মার্ট জাতি 53. Economic growth অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি 54. Development উন্নয়ন 55. Progress অগ্রগতি 56. Opportunity সুযোগ 57. Challenge চ্যালেঞ্জ 58. Competitive world প্রতিযোগিতামূলক বিশ্ব 59. Problem-solving সমস্যা সমাধান 60. Critical thinking সমালোচনামূলক চিন্তাশক্তি 61. Independent learning স্বনির্ভর শিক্ষা 62. Digital resource ডিজিটাল সম্পদ 63. Online resource অনলাইন শিক্ষাসামগ্রী 64. Digital library ডিজিটাল লাইব্রেরি 65. Educational video শিক্ষামূলক ভিডিও 66. Online course অনলাইন কোর্স 67. Distance learning দূরশিক্ষা 68. Training প্রশিক্ষণ 69. Workshop কর্মশালা 70. Expertise বিশেষ দক্ষতা 71. Infrastructure অবকাঠামো 72. Computer lab কম্পিউটার ল্যাব 73. Internet access ইন্টারনেট সুবিধা 74. Modern facility আধুনিক সুবিধা 75. Skilled workforce দক্ষ জনশক্তি 76. Human resource মানবসম্পদ 77. Equal opportunity সমান সুযোগ 78. Accessibility সহজপ্রাপ্যতা 79. Awareness সচেতনতা 80. Responsibility দায়িত্ব English Word/Phrase বাংলা অর্থ 81. Digital citizen ডিজিটাল নাগরিক 82. Cyber security সাইবার নিরাপত্তা 83. Online safety অনলাইন নিরাপত্তা 84. Artificial Intelligence (AI) কৃত্রিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা 85. Automation স্বয়ংক্রিয়করণ 86. Programming প্রোগ্রামিং 87. Coding কোডিং 88. Digital platform ডিজিটাল প্ল্যাটফর্ম 89. Cloud computing ক্লাউড কম্পিউটিং 90. Technological advancement প্রযুক্তিগত অগ্রগতি 91. Keep pace with তাল মিলিয়ে চলা 92. Gain knowledge জ্ঞান অর্জন করা 93. Develop skills দক্ষতা উন্নয়ন করা 94. Access information তথ্য সংগ্রহ করা 95. Enhance learning শিক্ষার মান উন্নত করা 96. Build a smart future স্মার্ট ভবিষ্যৎ গড়ে তোলা 97. Meet modern demands আধুনিক চাহিদা পূরণ করা 98. Bridge the digital divide ডিজিটাল বৈষম্য দূর করা 99. Ensure quality education মানসম্মত শিক্ষা নিশ্চিত করা 100. Prepare for the future ভবিষ্যতের জন্য প্রস্তুত হওয়া Useful Phrases keep pace with the modern world — আধুনিক বিশ্বের সঙ্গে তাল মিলিয়ে চলা play a vital role — গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করা gain practical knowledge — ব্যবহারিক জ্ঞান অর্জন করা open the door to opportunities — সুযোগের দ্বার উন্মুক্ত করা contribute to national development — জাতীয় উন্নয়নে অবদান রাখা build a skilled generation — দক্ষ প্রজন্ম গড়ে তোলা meet the challenges of the digital age — ডিজিটাল যুগের চ্যালেঞ্জ মোকাবিলা করা ensure equal access to technology — প্রযুক্তিতে সমান প্রবেশাধিকার নিশ্চিত করা improve learning outcomes — শিক্ষার ফলাফল উন্নত করা create employment opportunities — কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ সৃষ্টি করা Ad

Synonyms and Antonyms Worksheet-5.0 HSC All Board Questions - 2024 1. Dhaka Education Board 2024 Passage: All of us know what a dream is. Generally, we dream during our sleep. Dreams may appear to be short or long lasting. Sometimes we say, I dreamt for the whole night! But do we really dream for the whole night? Some dreams are sweet or romantic. Some are horrible. When we dream something extremely bad, we call it a nightmare. Questions: (a) All (Antonym) (b) Dream (Synonym) (c) Generally (Antonym) (d) Appear (Antonym) (e) Sleep (Antonym) (f) Short (Synonym) (g) Long (Synonym) (h) Sometimes (Antonym) (i) Night (Synonym) (j) Really (Synonym) (k) Romantic (Antonym) (l) Horrible (Synonym) (m) Extremely (Synonym) (n) Nightmare (Antonym) Answers: (a) None (b) Vision / Illusion (c) Rarely / Unusually (d) Disappear / Vanish (e) Awake / Wakefulness (f) Brief / Quick (g) Extended / Lengthy (h) Always / Constantly (i) Darkness / Nighttime (j) Truly / Actually (k) Unromantic / Practical (l) Terrible / Awful (m) Very / Highly (n) Sweet dream / Pleasant dream 2. Chattogram Education Board 2024 Passage: Morning walk is not only pleasant but also beneficial to health. In fact, walking regularly in the morning is a very good habit. It is the most advisable physical exercise for the aging and the old. In the morning, nature appears at her best. At that time everything remains quiet and seems impressive. The environment with birds and beasts becomes calm and serene. The people who go out for a walk in the morning cannot but be impressed by it. It helps to keep their mind jolly and jovial. It also sets their temper for the rest of the day. Questions: (a) pleasant (antonym) (b) beneficial (antonym) (c) regularly (antonym) (d) advisable (synonym) (e) appear (synonym) (f) best (antonym) (g) quiet (antonym) (h) environment (synonym) (i) beasts (synonym) (j) serene (synonym) (k) impressed (synonym) (l) jovial (antonym) (m) temper (synonym) (n) rest (antonym) Answers: (a) Unpleasant / Disagreeable (b) Harmful / Detrimental (c) Irregularly / Occasionally (d) Recommended / Suggested (e) Seem / Look (f) Worst (g) Noisy / Loud (h) Surroundings / Atmosphere (i) Animals / Creatures (j) Peaceful / Tranquil (k) Affected / Fascinated (l) Gloomy / Sad (m) Mood / Disposition (n) Work / Activity 3. Rajshahi Education Board 2024 Passage: An ideal student is an asset for a society or a country. He is sincere, punctual, obedient and law-abiding. He never derails from the right track. He tries his best to materialise the dream of his parents. He is a worthy citizen and cherishes patriotic zeal. He not only devotes to regular studies but also serves his society during his leisure time. He is frugal in spending but generous in promoting noble deeds. He never squanders his energy aimlessly. His only goal is to emulate his career. Unfortunately, the number of ideal students is declining day by day. Questions: (a) ideal (antonym) (b) obedient (antonym) (c) derail (synonym) (d) right (synonym) (e) materialise (synonym) (f) worthy (synonym) (g) zeal (synonym) (h) devote (synonym) (i) regular (antonym) (j) leisure (antonym) (k) frugal (antonym) (l) noble (antonym) (m) squander (synonym) (n) unfortunately (antonym) Answers: (a) Imperfect / Flawed (b) Disobedient / Rebellious (c) Stray / Deviate (d) Correct / Proper (e) Realise / Fulfill (f) Deserving / Valuable (g) Enthusiasm / Passion (h) Commit / Dedicate (i) Irregular / Occasional (j) Work / Labor (k) Extravagant / Wasteful (l) Ignoble / Base (m) Waste / Dissipate (n) Fortunately / Luckily 4. Cumilla Education Board 2024 Passage: Earthquake is one of the most common natural calamities on earth. It is an abrupt and violent tremor of the earth's surface. It occurs for various reasons. It is mainly caused by deep cracks inside the earth or by volcanic eruption. If there is any fault line in a geographical area, there is a great chance of occurring earthquakes in that area. In some cases, earthquakes occur because some gases try to come out from the deep of the earth. Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone and so earthquakes occur here very frequently. RAJUK, responsible for the planned development of the capital city, warns that an earthquake resistant building code should be developed to reduce losses. But it is a matter of sorrow that our people are not aware of the gravity of its danger. Questions: (a) common (antonym) (b) calamities (synonym) (c) violent (synonym) (d) deep (antonym) (e) inside (antonym) (f) chance (synonym) (g) occur (synonym) (h) active (antonym) (i) frequently (antonym) (j) responsible (antonym) (k) development (synonym) (l) reduce (antonym) (m) aware (synonym) (n) gravity (synonym) Answers: (a) Rare / Unusual (b) Disasters / Catastrophes (c) Severe / Fierce (d) Shallow / Superficial (e) Outside / Exterior (f) Possibility / Probability (g) Happen / Take place (h) Inactive / Dormant (i) Rarely / Infrequently (j) Irresponsible / Unaccountable (k) Advancement / Growth (l) Increase / Enhance (m) Conscious / Mindful (n) Seriousness / Severity 5. Jashore Education Board 2024 Passage: Modern education is different in method. It seeks to draw out and develop the mind to make it eager and curious. It depends more on observation and experiment than upon mere bookish knowledge. A mind that is intellectually alert will seek and learn from books. It develops latent talents of an individual. Teachers play more of a coaching role these days. They are not instructors who deliver a lesson. Rather, they support and guide the students' activities as coaches do. Questions: (a) modern (antonym) (b) different (antonym) (c) method (synonym) (d) develop (antonym) (e) curious (synonym) (f) observation (synonym) (g) mere (synonym) (h) knowledge (synonym) (i) alert (antonym) (j) latent (synonym) (k) talent (synonym) (l) more (antonym) (m) support (antonym) (n) guide (antonym) Answers: (a) Traditional / Ancient (b) Same / Similar (c) Approach / Procedure (d) Hinder / Suppress (e) Inquisitive / Interested (f) Watching / Inspection (g) Only / Bare (h) Understanding / Wisdom (i) Dull / Unaware (j) Hidden / Concealed (k) Skill / Ability (l) Less / Fewer (m) Oppose / Hinder (n) Mislead / Deceive 6. Sylhet Education Board 2024 Passage: Water is the source of life. All living beings need water to survive. The human body consists of about 70% water. Without water, we cannot think, work, or live. Water is essential for our daily life and its importance cannot be overlooked. But unfortunately, many people in the world do not have access to clean drinking water. They suffer from waterborne diseases and other health problems. We must take steps to ensure that everyone has access to clean water. Awareness programs should be held to educate people about the importance of water conservation. Questions: (a) Source (synonym) (b) Essential (synonym) (c) Importance (antonym) (d) Overlooked (antonym) (e) Access (synonym) (f) Clean (antonym) (g) Suffer (antonym) (h) Diseases (synonym) (i) Health (synonym) (j) Steps (synonym) (k) Educate (antonym) (l) Conservation (synonym) (m) Programs (synonym) (n) Waterborne (antonym) Answers: (a) Origin / Root (b) Necessary / Crucial (c) Insignificance / Triviality (d) Acknowledged / Noticed (e) Availability / Approach (f) Dirty / Polluted (g) Thrive / Flourish (h) Illnesses / Ailments (i) Well-being / Fitness (j) Measures / Actions (k) Mislead / Confuse (l) Preservation / Protection (m) Initiatives / Campaigns (n) Landborne / Airborne 7. Barishal Education Board 2024 Passage: Teachers are the best mentors of a student. They serve the society by instructing and guiding countless students through the different stages of their growth. They should never call a student weak and discourage any student frustrating his/her interest, ability and dream. Every teacher should try his/her best to find out the ways of success for the students and guide them to achieve it. Questions: (a) never (antonym) (b) weak (antonym) (c) discourage (antonym) (d) frustrating (synonym) (e) interest (synonym) (f) ability (antonym) (g) dream (synonym) (h) best (antonym) (i) success (antonym) (j) achieve (synonym) (k) mentor (synonym) (l) instruct (antonym) (m) countless (synonym) (n) growth (synonym) Answers: (a) Always / Forever (b) Strong / Capable (c) Encourage / Inspire (d) Irritating / Disappointing (e) Passion / Curiosity (f) Inability / Incompetence (g) Aspiration / Vision (h) Worst / Poorest (i) Failure / Defeat (j) Attain / Accomplish (k) Guide / Advisor (l) Confuse / Misguide (m) Numerous / Infinite (n) Development / Progress 8. Dinajpur Education Board 2024 Passage: Smoking is a very bad habit. It is a dangerous habit too. It is so dangerous and mortifying that it may cause cancer, heart attack, high blood pressure, chronic troubles and other serious diseases. Smoking tobacco products is a major health hazard. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of extremely poisonous things such as nicotine, methyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic and several other acids. These are all really very fatal and injurious to health. Nicotine constricts the size of blood vessels which impedes the normal flow of blood and oxygen in the body. It causes the heart to beat faster. Arsenic and tobacco tar are cancer causing agents in animals and human beings. Tobacco tar forms a brown sticky mass inside the lungs and it hinders the easy flow of blood. In short, the dangers of smoking are quite unlimited and all should avoid it to live a happy and peaceful life. Questions: (a) dangerous (synonym) (b) mortifying (antonym) (c) cause (synonym) (d) major (antonym) (e) fatal (antonym) (f) injurious (synonym) (g) impede (antonym) (h) normal (synonym) (i) inside (antonym) (j) hinders (synonym) (k) easy (antonym) (l) unlimited (synonym) (m) avoid (antonym) (n) happy (antonym) Answers: (a) Hazardous / Risky (b) Comforting / Soothing (c) Trigger / Bring about (d) Minor / Insignificant (e) Harmless / Benign (f) Harmful / Destructive (g) Facilitate / Assist (h) Regular / Standard (i) Outside / Exterior (j) Obstructs / Blocks (k) Difficult / Hard (l) Boundless / Infinite (m) Face / Embrace (n) Sad / Unhappy 9. Mymensingh Education Board 2024 Passage: Sincerity is the essential element of life. Since it is the root of success, it is the quality of great men. They know its importance in human life. A sincere person is concerned about the outcome of his deeds. He has a good intention. People would like to trust a sincere person as he does not prove false. So, he usually wins respect of others. A sincere person is always eager to possess a truthful mind, friendly and real personality. With these qualities he can overcome many difficulties in life. I can also recognise the intrinsic value of something. His good deeds are recognised and praised everywhere. Undoubtedly a sincere person is a trustworthy person. Questions: (a) success (antonym) (b) great (antonym) (c) importance (synonym) (d) outcome (synonym) (e) intention (synonym) (f) trust (antonym) (g) respect (antonym) (h) eager (antonym) (i) prove (synonym) (j) overcome (synonym) (k) value (synonym) (l) deed (synonym) (m) praise (antonym) (n) sincere (synonym) Answers: (a) Failure / Defeat (b) Insignificant / Ordinary (c) Significance / Value (d) Result / Consequence (e) Purpose / Motive (f) Distrust / Doubt (g) Disrespect / Contempt (h) Reluctant / Unwilling (i) Demonstrate / Show (j) Conquer / Defeat (k) Worth / Merit (l) Action / Act (m) Criticism / Condemnation (n) Genuine / Honest Comprehensive Vocabulary Table (Meaning, Synonyms & Antonyms) Word Meaning (Bengali) More Synonyms More Antonyms Ability সক্ষমতা Capability, competence, skill Inability, incompetence, weakness Achieve অর্জন করা Attain, accomplish, acquire Fail, lose, forfeit Active সক্রিয় Energetic, dynamic, lively Inactive, dormant, sluggish Advisable যুক্তিযুক্ত/পরামর্শযোগ্য Recommended, sensible, prudent Inadvisable, foolish, unwise Alert সতর্ক Vigilant, watchful, attentive Unaware, dull, careless Appear আবির্ভূত হওয়া/মনে হওয়া Emerge, seem, look Disappear, vanish, hide Avoid এড়িয়ে চলা Evade, shun, bypass Face, confront, embrace Beneficial উপকারী Helpful, advantageous, useful Harmful, detrimental, destructive Calamity বিপর্যয় Disaster, catastrophe, tragedy Blessing, godsend, miracle Clean পরিষ্কার Pure, spotless, clear Dirty, polluted, contaminated Common সাধারণ Usual, ordinary, widespread Rare, unusual, extraordinary Conservation সংরক্ষণ Preservation, protection, saving Destruction, waste, depletion Countless অগণিত Innumerable, infinite, myriad Few, limited, countable Curious কৌতূহলী Inquisitive, interested, eager Indifferent, apathetic, unconcerned Dangerous বিপজ্জনক Hazardous, risky, perilous Safe, secure, harmless Derail লাইনচ্যুত হওয়া/বিচ্যুত হওয়া Stray, deviate, diverge Stay, continue, remain Devote উৎসর্গ করা Dedicate, commit, allocate Withhold, neglect, withdraw Different ভিন্ন Distinct, dissimilar, diverse Same, similar, identical Discourage নিরুৎসাহিত করা Dishearten, deter, daunt Encourage, inspire, motivate Eager আগ্রহী Keen, enthusiastic, anxious Reluctant, apathetic, unwilling Educate শিক্ষিত করা Teach, instruct, enlighten Mislead, misguide, confuse Essential অপরিহার্য Necessary, vital, crucial Optional, unnecessary, trivial Fatal মারাত্মক Deadly, lethal, mortal Harmless, benign, safe Frequent ঘনঘন Regular, recurrent, continual Rare, infrequent, occasional Frugal মিতব্যয়ী Economical, thrifty, saving Extravagant, wasteful, lavish Gravity গুরুত্ব/গাম্ভীর্য Seriousness, severity, weight Frivolity, levity, unimportance Growth বৃদ্ধি Development, expansion, progress Decline, regression, decay Horrible ভয়ংকর Terrible, awful, dreadful Wonderful, pleasant, delightful Ideal আদর্শ Perfect, flawless, model Imperfect, flawed, defective Impede বাধা দেওয়া Hinder, obstruct, block Facilitate, assist, advance Importance গুরুত্ব Significance, value, weight Insignificance, triviality, unimportance Impressed মুগ্ধ Fascinated, amazed, affected Disappointed, unimpressed, bored Injurious ক্ষতিকর Harmful, damaging, destructive Beneficial, helpful, advantageous Intention উদ্দেশ্য Purpose, motive, aim Accident, chance, coincidence Jovial প্রফুল্ল Cheerful, jolly, merry Gloomy, miserable, sullen Knowledge জ্ঞান Wisdom, understanding, learning Ignorance, illiteracy, unawareness Latent সুপ্ত Hidden, concealed, dormant Obvious, active, manifest Leisure অবসর Free time, spare time, relaxation Work, labor, employment Materialise বাস্তবায়ন করা Realise, fulfill, achieve Fail, neglect, abandon Mentor পরামর্শদাতা Guide, advisor, instructor Follower, pupil, student Method পদ্ধতি Approach, process, technique Chaos, disorder, disorganization Noble মহৎ Honorable, righteous, virtuous Ignoble, base, wicked Obedient বাধ্য Compliant, submissive, respectful Disobedient, rebellious, defiant Outcome ফলাফল Result, consequence, effect Cause, origin, source Overcome কাটিয়ে ওঠা Conquer, defeat, surmount Surrender, yield, submit Pleasant আনন্দদায়ক Delightful, enjoyable, agreeable Unpleasant, horrible, nasty Respect সম্মান Esteem, honor, admiration Disrespect, contempt, insult Responsible দায়ী/দায়িত্বশীল Accountable, liable, reliable Irresponsible, unaccountable Serene প্রশান্ত Peaceful, calm, tranquil Noisy, turbulent, chaotic Sincere আন্তরিক Genuine, earnest, honest Insincere, hypocritical, deceitful Squander অপচয় করা Waste, dissipate, misuse Save, conserve, hoard Support সমর্থন করা Assist, back, encourage Oppose, hinder, discourage Trust বিশ্বাস Faith, confidence, belief Distrust, doubt, suspicion Violent সহিংস/তীব্র Severe, fierce, brutal Gentle, mild, peaceful Worthy যোগ্য Deserving, valuable, meritorious Unworthy, undeserving, useless Zeal প্রবল উৎসাহ Enthusiasm, passion, fervor Apathy, indifference, lethargy HSC All Board Questions - 2024 with Answer 1. Dhaka Board - 2024 Passage:All of us know what a dream is. Generally, we dream during our sleep. Dreams may appear to be short or long-lasting. Sometimes we say, "I dreamt for the whole night!" But do we really dream for the whole night? Some dreams are sweet or romantic. Some are horrible. When we dream something extremely bad, we call it a nightmare. (a) All (Antonym) - None(b) Dream (Synonym) - Vision(c) Generally (Antonym) - Rarely(d) Appear (Antonym) - Disappear(e) Sleep (Antonym) - Awake(f) Short (Synonym) - Brief(g) Long (Synonym) - Extended(h) Sometimes (Antonym) - Always(i) Night (Synonym) - Darkness(j) Really (Synonym) - Truly(k) Romantic (Antonym) - Unromantic(l) Horrible (Synonym) - Terrible(m) Extremely (Synonym) - Very(n) Nightmare (Antonym) - Dream 2. Barishal Board - 2024 Passage:Teachers are the best mentors of a student. They serve society by instructing and guiding countless students through the different stages of their growth. They should never call a student weak and discourage any student frustrating his/her interest, ability, and dream. Every teacher should try his/her best to find out the ways of success for the students and guide them to achieve it. (a) Never (Antonym) - Always(b) Weak (Antonym) - Strong(c) Discourage (Antonym) - Encourage(d) Frustrating (Synonym) - Irritating(e) Interest (Synonym) - Passion(f) Ability (Antonym) - Inability(g) Dream (Synonym) - Aspiration(h) Best (Antonym) - Worst(i) Success (Antonym) - Failure(j) Achieve (Synonym) - Attain(k) Mentor (Synonym) - Guide(l) Instruct (Antonym) - Confuse(m) Countless (Synonym) - Numerous(n) Growth (Synonym) - Development 3. Chattogram Board - 2024 Passage:Morning walk is not only pleasant but also beneficial to health. In fact, walking regularly in the morning is a very good habit. It is the most advisable physical exercise for the aging and the old. In the morning, nature appears at her best. At that time everything remains quiet and seems impressive. The environment with birds and beasts becomes calm and serene. The people who go out for a walk in the morning cannot but be impressed by it. It helps to keep their mind jolly and jovial. It also sets their temper for the rest of the day. (a) Pleasant (Antonym) - Unpleasant(b) Beneficial (Antonym) - Harmful(c) Regularly (Antonym) - Irregularly(d) Advisable (Synonym) - Recommended(e) Appear (Synonym) - Seem(f) Best (Antonym) - Worst(g) Quiet (Antonym) - Noisy(h) Environment (Synonym) - Surroundings(i) Beasts (Synonym) - Animals(j) Serene (Synonym) - Peaceful(k) Impressed (Synonym) - Affected(l) Jovial (Antonym) - Gloomy(m) Temper (Synonym) - Mood(n) Rest (Antonym) - Work 4. Rajshahi Board - 2024 Passage:An ideal student is an asset for a society or a country. He is sincere, punctual, obedient, and law-abiding. He never derails from the right track. He tries his best to materialise the dream of his parents. He is a worthy citizen and cherishes patriotic zeal. He not only devotes to regular studies but also serves his society during his leisure time. He is frugal in spending but generous in promoting noble deeds. He never squanders his energy aimlessly. His only goal is to emulate his career. Unfortunately, the number of ideal students is declining day by day. (a) Ideal (Antonym) - Imperfect(b) Obedient (Antonym) - Disobedient(c) Derail (Synonym) - Stray(d) Right (Synonym) - Correct(e) Materialise (Synonym) - Realise(f) Worthy (Synonym) - Deserving(g) Zeal (Synonym) - Enthusiasm(h) Devote (Synonym) - Commit(i) Regular (Antonym) - Irregular(j) Leisure (Antonym) - Work(k) Frugal (Antonym) - Extravagant(l) Noble (Antonym) - Ignoble(m) Squander (Synonym) - Waste(n) Unfortunately (Antonym) - Fortunately 5. Jashore Board - 2024 Passage:Modern education is different in method. It seeks to draw out and develop the mind to make it eager and curious. It depends more on observation and experiment than upon mere bookish knowledge. A mind that is intellectually alert will seek and learn from books. It develops latent talents of an individual. Teachers play more of a coaching role these days. They are not instructors who deliver a lesson. Rather, they support and guide the students' activities as coaches do. (a) Modern (Antonym) - Traditional(b) Different (Antonym) - Same(c) Method (Synonym) - Approach(d) Develop (Antonym) - Hinder(e) Curious (Synonym) - Inquisitive(f) Observation (Synonym) - Watching(g) Mere (Synonym) - Only(h) Knowledge (Synonym) - Understanding(i) Alert (Antonym) - Dull(j) Latent (Synonym) - Hidden(k) Talent (Synonym) - Skill(l) More (Antonym) - Less(m) Support (Antonym) - Oppose(n) Guide (Antonym) - Mislead 6. Mymensingh Board - 2024 Passage:Sincerity is the essential element of life. Since it is the root of success, it is the quality of great men. They know its importance in human life. A sincere person is concerned about the outcome of his deeds. He has a good intention. People would like to trust a sincere person as he does not prove false. So, he usually wins respect from others. A sincere person is always eager to possess a truthful mind, friendly and real personality. With these qualities, he can overcome many difficulties in life. I can also recognise the intrinsic value of something. His good deeds are recognised and praised everywhere. Undoubtedly, a sincere person is a trustworthy person. (a) Success (Antonym) - Failure(b) Great (Antonym) - Insignificant(c) Importance (Synonym) - Significance(d) Outcome (Synonym) - Result(e) Intention (Synonym) - Purpose(f) Trust (Antonym) - Distrust(g) Respect (Antonym) - Disrespect(h) Eager (Antonym) - Reluctant(i) Prove (Synonym) - Demonstrate(j) Overcome (Synonym) - Conquer(k) Value (Synonym) - Worth(l) Deed (Synonym) - Action(m) Praise (Antonym) - Criticism(n) Sincere (Synonym) - Genuine 7. Cumilla Board - 2024 Passage:Earthquake is one of the most common natural calamities on earth. It is an abrupt and violent tremor of the earth's surface. It occurs for various reasons. It is mainly caused by a deep crack inside the earth or by volcanic eruption. If there is any fault line in a geographical area, there is a great chance of occurring earthquakes in that area. In some cases, earthquakes occur because some gases try to come out from the deep of the earth. Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone, and so earthquakes occur here very frequently. RAJUK, responsible for the planned development of the capital city, warns that an earthquake-resistant building code should be developed to reduce losses. But it is a matter of sorrow that our people are not aware of the gravity of its danger. (a) Common (Antonym) - Rare(b) Calamities (Synonym) - Disasters(c) Violent (Synonym) - Severe(d) Abrupt (Antonym) - Gradual(e) Cause (Synonym) - Reason(f) Occur (Antonym) - Cease(g) Fault (Synonym) - Defect(h) Chance (Antonym) - Certainty(i) Gases (Synonym) - Fumes(j) Frequent (Antonym) - Infrequent(k) Warn (Synonym) - Alert(l) Code (Synonym) - Regulation(m) Reduce (Synonym) - Diminish(n) Aware (Antonym) - Ignorant 8. Sylhet Board - 2024 Passage:Water is the source of life. All living beings need water to survive. The human body consists of about 70% water. Without water, we cannot think, work, or live. Water is essential for our daily life and its importance cannot be overlooked. But unfortunately, many people in the world do not have access to clean drinking water. They suffer from waterborne diseases and other health problems. We must take steps to ensure that everyone has access to clean water. Awareness programs should be held to educate people about the importance of water conservation. (a) Source (Synonym) - Origin(b) Essential (Synonym) - Necessary(c) Importance (Antonym) - Insignificance(d) Overlooked (Antonym) - Acknowledged(e) Access (Synonym) - Availability(f) Clean (Antonym) - Dirty(g) Suffer (Antonym) - Thrive(h) Diseases (Synonym) - Illnesses(i) Health (Synonym) - Well-being(j) Steps (Synonym) - Measures(k) Educate (Antonym) - Mislead(l) Conservation (Synonym) - Preservation(m) Programs (Synonym) - Initiatives(n) Waterborne (Antonym) - Landborne HSC All Board Questions - 2023 1. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Dhaka Board-2023]A good writer may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker and make good recitation. Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy. The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible to be possible. If we become serious in our intention, we can shine in life.(a) Recitation (Synonym) | (b) Good (Antonym) | (c) Writer (Synonym) | (d) Speaker (Synonym) | (e) Impossible (Antonym) | (f) Lazy (Antonym) | (g) Main (Antonym) | (h) Sincerity (Synonym) | (i) Seriousness (Synonym) | (j) Consideration (Synonym) | (k) Serious (Antonym) | (l) Possible (Antonym) | (m) Intention (Synonym) | (n) Shine (Synonym) 2. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Rajshahi Board-2023]He is optimistic of his success. He works hard and abides by his teachers' guidelines. He understands that it is important to be diligent. He does not rely on anyone and believes that honesty and hard work can help one reach the peak of success. He harbours the faith that a laborious man is sure to shine.(a) Optimistic (Antonym) | (b) Success (Antonym) | (c) Hard (Synonym) | (d) Guidelines (Synonym) | (e) Understand (Synonym) | (f) Important (Antonym) | (g) Diligent (Synonym) | (h) Rely (Synonym) | (i) Honesty (Antonym) | (j) Help (Antonym) | (k) Peak (Synonym) | (l) Harbour (Synonym) | (m) Laborious (Antonym) | (n) Shine (Synonym) 3.Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Cumilla Board-2023]Education is one of the basic needs of human beings and is essential for any kind of development. The poor socio-economic condition of Bangladesh can largely be attributed to most people's inaccessibility to education. Many illiterate people do not have any knowledge of health, sanitation, and population control. If they were educated, they could live a healthy and planned life. Education teaches us how to earn well and how to spend well. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It enhances our ability to raise crops, store food, protect the environment, and carry out our social responsibilities.(a) Basic (Synonym) | (b) Essential (Synonym) | (c) Development (Synonym) | (d) Condition (Synonym) | (e) Inaccessibility (Antonym) | (f) Illiterate (Synonym) | (g) Sanitation (Synonym) | (h) Population (Synonym) | (i) Healthy (Antonym) | (j) Teach (Antonym) | (k) Spend (Antonym) | (l) Enable (Antonym) | (m) Properly (Synonym) | (n) Ability (Antonym) 4. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Sylhet Board-2023]Facebook is a very popular social networking site with over eight hundred million users. But it has both positive and negative effects on its users. We can keep touch with our friends and relatives. It is the best means to stay connected with people. Facebook helps us make friendship even with unknown people. On the other hand, it is very easy for cyberbullies to thrive. They can harass anyone. Besides, teenagers are spending too much time on it.(a) Popular (Antonym) | (b) Effects (Synonym) | (c) Touch (Synonym) | (d) Friends (Antonym) | (e) Means (Synonym) | (f) Connected (Antonym) | (g) Help (Synonym) | (h) Make (Synonym) | (i) Unknown (Antonym) | (j) Easy (Antonym) | (k) Thrive (Synonym) | (l) Harass (Synonym) | (m) Teenager (Antonym) | (n) Spend (Synonym) 5. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Chattogram Board-2023]A good writer may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker or make a good recitation. Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy. The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible possible. If we become serious in our intention, we can shine in life. Otherwise, we will suffer a lot and our life will fill up with unhappiness.(a) Writer (Synonym) | (b) Good (Antonym) | (c) Speaker (Synonym) | (d) Recitation (Synonym) | (e) Impossible (Antonym) | (f) Lazy (Antonym) | (g) Sincerity (Antonym) | (h) Seriousness (Synonym) | (i) Consideration (Synonym) | (j) Possible (Antonym) | (k) Intention (Synonym) | (l) Shine (Synonym) | (m) Suffer (Synonym) | (n) Unhappiness (Antonym) 6. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Mymensingh Board-2023]Sumi is a good-looking young woman. Her large dark eyes are beautiful. Her complexion is flawless, and she has got a lovely smile. Her long black hair is full and shiny. She is tall and slender, and her movement is graceful. She always dresses stylishly. Everyone appreciates her beauty. But Sumi worries that people do not notice her talents and hard work. She wants people to know that a woman can have beauty, ambition, and a bit of intelligence too.(a) Good-looking (Synonym) | (b) Dark (Synonym) | (c) Flawless (Synonym) | (d) Shiny (Antonym) | (e) Slender (Antonym) | (f) Graceful (Synonym) | (g) Stylishly (Antonym) | (h) Appreciate (Antonym) | (i) Worries (Antonym) | (j) Notice (Antonym) | (k) Talent (Synonym) | (l) Beauty (Antonym) | (m) Ambition (Synonym) | (n) Intelligence (Synonym) 7.Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Barishal Board -2023]Hospitality means friendly and generous treatment and entertainment towards guests or strangers, especially at one's home. There was a time when hospitality was encouraged in our country. People could travel hundreds of miles without having a single penny. Gone are those days! Nowadays, people have become commercial and self-centred in their etiquette and manners. In all religions, hospitality is encouraged because hospitality brings peace and amity in society. To form a better society, we need to cultivate it at home and away.(a) Hospitality (Synonym) | (b) Friendly (Antonym) | (c) Generous (Synonym) | (d) Treatment (Synonym) | (e) Entertainment (Antonym) | (f) Stranger (Antonym) | (g) Encourage (Synonym) | (h) Travel (Synonym) | (i) Having (Synonym) | (j) Self-centred (Antonym) | (k) Etiquette (Synonym) | (l) Peace (Antonym) | (m) Amity (Antonym) | (n) Cultivate (Synonym) 8. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed: [Jashore Board-2023]Illiteracy is a curse. It retards all development work of a country. It is said that an illiterate nation gropes in darkness with no definite goal. In fact, an illiterate person is conservative, superstitious, and blind. He can contribute very little to his society and country. He is unconscious and unaware of his rights and responsibilities. The whole country is responsible for this. Most of our people are illiterate and poor. In fact, illiteracy, caused by poverty, stands in the way of success. All should be practical and pragmatic while addressing this problem. Effective measures must be taken by all concerned to remove illiteracy and thus make the nation enlightened.(a) Curse (Antonym) | (b) Retards (Synonym) | (c) Illiterate (Antonym) | (d) Darkness (Antonym) | (e) Goal (Synonym) | (f) Conservative (Antonym) | (g) Little (Synonym) | (h) Unconscious (Antonym) | (i) Whole (Synonym) | (j) Success (Antonym) | (k) Responsibilities (Synonym) | (l) Measure (Synonym) | (m) Poor (Antonym) | (n) Remove (Synonym) HSC All Board Questions - 2023 with Answer 1. [Dhaka Board-2023] Passage: A good writer may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker and make good recitation. Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy. The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible to be possible. If we become serious in our intention, we can shine in life. Questions: (a) Recitation (Synonym)(b) Good (Antonym)(c) Writer (Synonym)(d) Speaker (Synonym)(e) Impossible (Antonym)(f) Lazy (Antonym)(g) Main (Antonym)(h) Sincerity (Synonym)(i) Seriousness (Synonym)(j) Consideration (Synonym)(k) Serious (Antonym)(l) Possible (Antonym)(m) Intention (Synonym)(n) Shine (Synonym) Answer: (a) Recitation (Synonym): Recital, narration(b) Good (Antonym): Bad(c) Writer (Synonym): Author(d) Speaker (Synonym): Lecturer, orator(e) Impossible (Antonym): Possible, feasible(f) Lazy (Antonym): Active, diligent, energetic(g) Main (Antonym): Minor, secondary(h) Sincerity (Synonym): Honesty, cordiality(i) Seriousness (Synonym): Gravity, solemnity, hardness(j) Consideration (Synonym): Deliberation, cogitation(k) Serious (Antonym): Unwise, frivolous(l) Possible (Antonym): Implausible, impossible(m) Intention (Synonym): Aim, goal, purpose(n) Shine (Synonym): Glaze, sparkle 2. [Rajshahi Board-2023] Passage: He is optimistic of his success. He works hard and abides by his teachers' guidelines. He understands that it is important to be diligent. He does not rely on anyone and believes that honesty and hard work can help one reach the peak of success. He harbours the faith that a laborious man is sure to shine. Questions: (a) Optimistic (Antonym)(b) Success (Antonym)(c) Hard (Synonym)(d) Guidelines (Synonym)(e) Understand (Synonym)(f) Important (Antonym)(g) Diligent (Synonym)(h) Rely (Synonym)(i) Honesty (Antonym)(j) Help (Antonym)(k) Peak (Synonym)(l) Harbour (Synonym)(m) Laborious (Antonym)(n) Shine (Synonym) Answer: (a) Optimistic (Antonym): Hopeless, pessimistic(b) Success (Antonym): Failure, catastrophe(c) Hard (Synonym): Diligent, arduous(d) Guidelines (Synonym): Principles, rules(e) Understand (Synonym): Comprehend, realize(f) Important (Antonym): Insignificant, trivial(g) Diligent (Synonym): Industrious, persevering(h) Rely (Synonym): Depend, count(i) Honesty (Antonym): Dishonesty, fraud(j) Help (Antonym): Hinder, obstruct(k) Peak (Synonym): Zenith, pinnacle(l) Harbour (Synonym): Cherish, believe(m) Laborious (Antonym): Lazy, idle(n) Shine (Synonym): Flourish, prosper 3. [Cumilla Board-2023] Passage: Education is one of the basic needs of human beings and is essential for any kind of development. The poor socio-economic condition of Bangladesh can largely be attributed to most people's inaccessibility to education. Many illiterate people do not have any knowledge of health, sanitation, and population control. If they were educated, they could live a healthy and planned life. Education teaches us how to earn well and how to spend well. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It enhances our ability to raise crops, store food, protect the environment, and carry out our social responsibilities. Questions: (a) Basic (Synonym)(b) Essential (Synonym)(c) Development (Synonym)(d) Condition (Synonym)(e) Inaccessibility (Antonym)(f) Illiterate (Synonym)(g) Sanitation (Synonym)(h) Population (Synonym)(i) Healthy (Antonym)(j) Teach (Antonym)(k) Spend (Antonym)(l) Enable (Antonym)(m) Properly (Synonym)(n) Ability (Antonym) Answer: (a) Basic (Synonym): Fundamental(b) Essential (Synonym): Necessary(c) Development (Synonym): Progress(d) Condition (Synonym): Circumstance(e) Inaccessibility (Antonym): Accessibility(f) Illiterate (Synonym): Uneducated(g) Sanitation (Synonym): Hygiene(h) Population (Synonym): Demography(i) Healthy (Antonym): Unhealthy(j) Teach (Antonym): Mislead(k) Spend (Antonym): Save(l) Enable (Antonym): Disable(m) Properly (Synonym): Correctly(n) Ability (Antonym): Inability 4. [Sylhet Board-2023] Passage: Facebook is a very popular social networking site with over eight hundred million users. But it has both positive and negative effects on its users. We can keep in touch with our friends and relatives. It is the best means to stay connected with people. Facebook helps us make friendships even with unknown people. On the other hand, it is very easy for cyber bullies to thrive. They can harass anyone. Besides, teenagers are spending too much time on it. Questions: (a) Popular (Antonym)(b) Effects (Synonym)(c) Touch (Synonym)(d) Friends (Antonym)(e) Means (Synonym)(f) Connected (Antonym)(g) Help (Synonym)(h) Make (Synonym)(i) Unknown (Antonym)(j) Easy (Antonym)(k) Thrive (Synonym)(l) Harass (Synonym)(m) Teenager (Antonym)(n) Spend (Synonym) Answer: (a) Popular (Antonym): Unpopular(b) Effects (Synonym): Consequences, impacts(c) Touch (Synonym): Contact, communication(d) Friends (Antonym): Enemies(e) Means (Synonym): Media, methods(f) Connected (Antonym): Disconnected(g) Help (Synonym): Aid, assist(h) Make (Synonym): Build, establish(i) Unknown (Antonym): Familiar(j) Easy (Antonym): Difficult(k) Thrive (Synonym): Flourish, grow(l) Harass (Synonym): Disturb, tease(m) Teenager (Antonym): Adult(n) Spend (Synonym): Consume, waste 5. [Chattogram Board-2023] Passage: A good writer may be a good reader. A good reader may be a good speaker or make a good recitation. Nothing of this is impossible for a man if he is not lazy. The main thing is sincerity. Seriousness should also be taken under consideration. If a man is serious, he can make impossible possible. If we become serious in our intention, we can shine in life. Otherwise, we will suffer a lot and our life will fill up with unhappiness. Questions: (a) Writer (Synonym)(b) Good (Antonym)(c) Speaker (Synonym)(d) Recitation (Synonym)(e) Impossible (Synonym)(f) Lazy (Antonym)(g) Sincerity (Antonym)(h) Seriousness (Synonym)(i) Consideration (Synonym)(j) Possible (Antonym)(k) Intention (Synonym)(l) Shine (Synonym)(m) Suffer (Synonym)(n) Unhappiness (Antonym) Answer: (a) Writer (Synonym): Author(b) Good (Antonym): Bad(c) Speaker (Synonym): Lecturer, orator(d) Recitation (Synonym): Recital, narration(e) Impossible (Antonym): Possible(f) Lazy (Antonym): Active, diligent(g) Sincerity (Antonym): Insincerity(h) Seriousness (Synonym): Solemnity(i) Consideration (Synonym): Thought, mindset(j) Possible (Antonym): Impossible(k) Intention (Synonym): Aim, desire(l) Shine (Synonym): Prosper, thrive(m) Suffer (Synonym): Endure, experience(n) Unhappiness (Antonym): Happiness 6. [Mymensingh Board-2023] Passage: Beauty is a combination of features that are good-looking, attractive, dark, and flawless. A beautiful person shines and is regarded as shiny and slender. Graceful people are stylishly dressed and appreciated by everyone. People notice their talent and intelligence. It is important to understand that beauty is not just in appearance but also in character. Questions: (a) Good-looking (Synonym)(b) Dark (Synonym)(c) Flawless (Synonym)(d) Shiny (Antonym)(e) Slender (Antonym)(f) Graceful (Synonym)(g) Stylishly (Antonym)(h) Appreciate (Antonym)(i) Worries (Antonym)(j) Notice (Antonym)(k) Talent (Synonym)(l) Beauty (Antonym)(m) Ambition (Synonym)(n) Intelligence (Synonym) Answer: (a) Good-looking (Synonym): Beautiful, attractive(b) Dark (Synonym): Black(c) Flawless (Synonym): Perfect, immaculate(d) Shiny (Antonym): Dull, matte(e) Slender (Antonym): Obese, fat(f) Graceful (Synonym): Elegant, sophisticated(g) Stylishly (Antonym): Awkwardly(h) Appreciate (Antonym): Denounce, despise(i) Worries (Antonym): Relaxes, enjoys(j) Notice (Antonym): Overlook, ignore(k) Talent (Synonym): Skill, ability(l) Beauty (Antonym): Ugliness(m) Ambition (Synonym): Aspiration, desire(n) Intelligence (Synonym): Smartness, cleverness