What is an Infinitive? An infinitive is a type of verb that keeps its basic form and is used in sentences with "to." It serves as an adjective, adverb, or noun. Certain verbs require infinitives to convey a complete meaning, following the structure: … main verb + to + base verb ... Verbs that often team up with infinitives include: agree demand hurry prepare aim fail manage refuse ask hesitate offer want decline hope plan wish Types of Infinitives Understanding different types of infinitives is crucial for using them effectively. Let’s delve into three main types: Full, Bare, and Split Infinitives. Full Infinitive Full infinitives retain the "to" intact, providing a complete meaning. Example: She is happy to help her friends with their homework. Bare Infinitive Bare infinitives drop the "to" and are employed with specific verbs like make, let, help, and hear. Example: He heard the baby cry in the next room. Split Infinitive Split infinitives occur when adverbs insert themselves between "to" and the base verb. Example: She decided to quickly finish her work before lunch. Tense-based Infinitives Further classification based on when the action occurred includes Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous Infinitives. Continuous Infinitive Continuous infinitives describe actions going on for a specific period. They follow "to + be + present participle (base verb + -ing)." Example: They plan to be working on the project all night. Perfect Infinitive Perfect infinitives refer to actions completed before the current time. They follow "To + have + Past Participle." Example: She hopes to have finished her presentation by tomorrow. Perfect Continuous Infinitive Perfect continuous infinitives indicate an action's continuation. They follow "to + have + been + Present Participle." Example: He appears to have been studying for hours. Other Types of Infinitives Passive Infinitive Passive infinitives shift the focus from the doer to the receiver of the action. They follow "to + be + past participle." Example: The assignment needs to be completed by tomorrow. WH-Infinitive WH-infinitives accompany WH question words and verbs like show, know, ask, etc. Example: She wants to understand how to solve the math problem. Note: "Why" is special and is followed by bare infinitives. Example: Why do you want to leave early? Anaphoric “to” Anaphoric "to" is used when "to" needs repetition for a complete sense in a sentence. Example: It’s challenging for me to sit for 4 long hours, but I have to (sit). Examples of each types of infinitives: Full Infinitive: She is delighted to help her classmates with their studies. It's a pleasure to learn new things every day. He was eager to explore the mysterious cave. I would love to travel the world someday. They are determined to succeed in their business venture. It's essential to maintain a healthy work-life balance. She is excited to attend the upcoming concert. It's important to respect others' opinions. Bare Infinitive: He made her cry with his thoughtless comments. Let me try to fix the broken toy. I heard him sing in the shower this morning. They helped us move the heavy furniture. Make him stop bothering his little sister. Please let me go to the park after finishing my homework. We watched the kids play in the park. He heard her scream when she saw the spider. Split Infinitive: She decided to quickly finish her work before the meeting. He promised to carefully consider all the options. They plan to boldly launch the new product next month. I want to clearly understand the instructions. She offered to discreetly handle the sensitive information. He chose to gracefully accept the award on stage. We aim to successfully complete the project by the deadline. They decided to jointly invest in the startup. Continuous Infinitive: I want to be dancing at the party when you arrive. She plans to be studying abroad next semester. They hope to be exploring new business opportunities. He aspires to be traveling around the world in the coming years. We aim to be working together on this project. The goal is to be improving our community. She dreams to be achieving her fitness goals. They strive to be creating a positive impact on society. Perfect Infinitive: She hopes to have completed her novel by the end of the month. They are glad to have met their fundraising goal. He was lucky to have secured a reservation at the popular restaurant. I feel fortunate to have witnessed such a beautiful sunset. We are pleased to have successfully launched the new website. She is grateful to have been given this opportunity. They are excited to have achieved their long-term objectives. It's satisfying to have seen positive changes in the community. Perfect Continuous Infinitive: The kids seem to have been playing in the backyard for hours. She appears to have been working on her project all night. They are believed to have been studying diligently for the exam. It looks like he to have been waiting for a while. I feel as if I to have been exercising forever. The project seems to have been progressing steadily. She is assumed to have been practicing her skills regularly. It seems to have been raining for most of the day. Passive Infinitive: The decision needs to be made before the end of the day. The report has to be submitted by Friday. The issue seems to be resolved by the IT department. The task appears to be completed by the end of the week. The new policy is expected to be implemented next month. The documents were found to be missing from the file. The project needs to be reviewed before presenting it to the client. The message seemed to be ignored by most of the audience. WH-Infinitive: She asked what to wear for the formal event. He explained how to solve the complex math problem. Let me know when to expect your arrival. They discussed where to go for the summer vacation. I'm uncertain which route to take to avoid traffic. We are considering whom to invite to the party. Please tell us whether to proceed with the plan. They are deciding why to invest in renewable energy. Anaphoric “to”: It's hard for her to sit in one place for 4 long hours, but she has to (sit). I don’t mean to impose, but I’m having to (impose). She doesn’t like to talk out loud very much, but she pretends to (talk). It's challenging for them to stay focused during long meetings, but they need to (stay). He doesn't want to offend anyone, but he ends up having to (offend). It's essential for us to collaborate on this project, but sometimes we're forced to (collaborate). They prefer to work independently, but the situation requires them to (work) in a team. It's crucial to be prepared for the presentation, and they have to (be prepared). Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (bare infinitive, infinitive, or gerund). Exercise: Fill in the Blanks I enjoy __________ (run) in the morning before work. She asked me __________ (help) her with the project. He made a decision __________ (change) his career path. We need __________ (buy) some groceries on the way home. They suggested __________ (visit) the museum this weekend. My favorite hobby is __________ (read) novels. The teacher allowed us __________ (use) calculators during the exam. She offered __________ (lend) me her umbrella when it started raining. He promised __________ (return) the book by next week. I prefer __________ (walk) instead of taking the bus. Answers: I enjoy running in the morning before work. She asked me to help her with the project. He made a decision to change his career path. We need to buy some groceries on the way home. They suggested visiting the museum this weekend. My favorite hobby is reading novels. The teacher allowed us to use calculators during the exam. She offered to lend me her umbrella when it started raining. He promised to return the book by next week. I prefer walking instead of taking the bus. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (bare infinitive, infinitive, or gerund). Exercise: Fill in the Blanks She enjoys __________ (sing) in the shower every morning. We decided __________ (take) a trip to the mountains this summer. They suggested __________ (watch) a movie tonight. He doesn't mind __________ (help) with the chores. I prefer __________ (study) in a quiet environment. The children need __________ (go) to bed early. I'm excited __________ (learn) a new language. He advised me __________ (save) money for the future. She offered __________ (pick) me up from the airport. We discussed __________ (start) a book club. My goal is __________ (run) a marathon next year. They decided __________ (visit) the art gallery downtown. I forgot __________ (buy) milk on the way home. He hopes __________ (travel) around the world someday. It's important __________ (eat) a balanced diet. We encouraged him __________ (pursue) his passion. I can't stand __________ (listen) to loud music. She apologized __________ (arrive) late for the meeting. They plan __________ (attend) the concert on Saturday. He offered __________ (drive) us to the airport. I enjoy __________ (cook) new recipes on weekends. She persuaded him __________ (try) a different approach. We need __________ (finish) the project by Friday. He seems __________ (enjoy) playing the guitar. I would like __________ (visit) the famous landmarks in the city. They agreed __________ (meet) at the coffee shop. She admitted __________ (make) a mistake. He can't afford __________ (buy) a new car right now. We avoid __________ (eat) fast food regularly. I look forward __________ (see) you at the event. Answers: She enjoys singing in the shower every morning. We decided to take a trip to the mountains this summer. They suggested watching a movie tonight. He doesn't mind helping with the chores. I prefer studying in a quiet environment. The children need to go to bed early. I'm excited to learn a new language. He advised me to save money for the future. She offered to pick me up from the airport. We discussed starting a book club. My goal is to run a marathon next year. They decided to visit the art gallery downtown. I forgot to buy milk on the way home. He hopes to travel around the world someday. It's important to eat a balanced diet. We encouraged him to pursue his passion. I can't stand listening to loud music. She apologized for arriving late for the meeting. They plan to attend the concert on Saturday. He offered to drive us to the airport. I enjoy cooking new recipes on weekends. She persuaded him to try a different approach. We need to finish the project by Friday. He seems to enjoy playing the guitar. I would like to visit the famous landmarks in the city. They agreed to meet at the coffee shop. She admitted to making a mistake. He can't afford to buy a new car right now. We avoid eating fast food regularly. I look forward to seeing you at the event. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb (bare infinitive, infinitive, or gerund). Exercise: Fill in the Blanks (Advanced) She can't bear __________ (be) misunderstood. We anticipate __________ (face) challenges in the upcoming project. He was determined __________ (win) the championship. I encourage you __________ (pursue) your dreams relentlessly. They debated __________ (implement) new policies in the organization. She is committed __________ (improve) her skills constantly. It's worth __________ (explore) alternative solutions to the problem. I'm considering __________ (take) a sabbatical to travel. We are accustomed __________ (work) under tight deadlines. He hesitated __________ (reveal) the truth about the incident. It's important __________ (understand) the implications of the decision. I am looking forward __________ (attend) the international conference. They are determined __________ (succeed) despite the challenges. She apologized __________ (interrupt) the meeting. We discussed __________ (restructure) the entire department. He admitted __________ (make) a significant error in judgment. It's advisable __________ (seek) professional advice before investing. I appreciate your effort __________ (complete) the project on time. They are prepared __________ (face) the consequences of their actions. She insists on __________ (participate) in the decision-making process. It's crucial __________ (analyze) the data thoroughly before presenting. He avoids __________ (talk) about his personal life in the workplace. We are determined __________ (expand) our business globally. I regret __________ (inform) you that the event has been canceled. They considered __________ (move) to a different city for better opportunities. She is passionate about __________ (create) innovative solutions. It's challenging __________ (balance) work and personal life effectively. He is qualified __________ (lead) the team. I am committed __________ (continuously learn) and grow in my career. We insist on __________ (adhere) to ethical business practices. Answers: She can't bear being misunderstood. We anticipate facing challenges in the upcoming project. He was determined to win the championship. I encourage you to pursue your dreams relentlessly. They debated implementing new policies in the organization. She is committed to improving her skills constantly. It's worth exploring alternative solutions to the problem. I'm considering taking a sabbatical to travel. We are accustomed to working under tight deadlines. He hesitated to reveal the truth about the incident. It's important to understand the implications of the decision. I am looking forward to attending the international conference. They are determined to succeed despite the challenges. She apologized for interrupting the meeting. We discussed restructuring the entire department. He admitted to making a significant error in judgment. It's advisable to seek professional advice before investing. I appreciate your effort to complete the project on time. They are prepared to face the consequences of their actions. She insists on participating in the decision-making process. It's crucial to analyze the data thoroughly before presenting. He avoids talking about his personal life in the workplace. We are determined to expand our business globally. I regret to inform you that the event has been canceled. They considered moving to a different city for better opportunities. She is passionate about creating innovative solutions. It's challenging to balance work and personal life effectively. He is qualified to lead the team. I am committed to continuously learning and growing in my career. We insist on adhering to ethical business practices.

Modal verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs used to express modality, which is the speaker's attitude or the likelihood of the action described by the main verb. Modal verbs do not have a specific tense and are used with the base form of the main verb. Here are the primary modal verbs and their types: When are modal verbs used? Likelihood Some things seem likely to be true but can’t be stated as definite facts. In these cases, you can use the modal verbs should and must to show probability without certainty. Her parents must be overjoyed with her academic achievements. Example: After receiving the scholarship, her parents must be overjoyed with her academic achievements. My younger sister should be finished with her homework by now. Example: Considering her usual study time, my younger sister should be finished with her homework by now. Possibility In a situation when something is possible but not certain, use the modal verb could, may, or might. Judging by the traffic, we might be late to the movie. Example: Looking at the heavy traffic, we might be late to the movie. She may discover a new species during her expedition. Example: Given the unexplored region, she may discover a new species during her expedition. Ability The modal verb can expresses whether the subject of a sentence is able to do something. Likewise, the negative form, cannot or can’t, shows that the subject is unable to do something. He can solve complex mathematical problems effortlessly. Example: With his mathematical skills, he can solve complex problems effortlessly. I can't believe you finished the entire pizza by yourself. Example: Expressing surprise, I can't believe you finished the entire pizza by yourself. Permission If you want to ask permission to do something, start your question with can, may, or could. Traditionally, may is considered more formal and polite usage for permission. May I use your laptop for a moment? Example: Seeking permission, you ask, "May I use your laptop for a moment?" Students, you can start the experiment now. Example: Giving permission, the teacher says, "Students, you can start the experiment now." Request Similarly, if you want to ask someone else to do something, start your question with will, would, can, or could. Would you kindly proofread my essay? Example: Requesting assistance, you ask, "Would you kindly proofread my essay?" Will you pass me the salt, please? Example: Requesting a small favor, you say, "Will you pass me the salt, please?" Suggestion/Advice If you want to recommend a course of action but not command it, you can use the modal verb should. You should explore the historic district when you visit. Example: Offering travel advice, you suggest, "You should explore the historic district when you visit." Students should review the material before the exam. Example: Advising students, the teacher says, "Students should review the material before the exam." Command On the other hand, if you want to command someone, use the modal verbs must, have, or need. You must complete the safety training before operating the machinery. Example: Giving a safety command, the supervisor says, "You must complete the safety training before operating the machinery." Employees need to submit their reports by Friday. Example: Issuing a deadline, the manager says, "Employees need to submit their reports by Friday." Obligation or Necessity Modal verbs can express a necessary action, such as an obligation, duty, or requirement. Everyone has to attend the orientation session. Example: Stating a requirement, the coordinator says, "Everyone has to attend the orientation session." You don’t need to bring your own materials; we provide them. Example: Clarifying a lack of necessity, the organizer says, "You don’t need to bring your own materials; we provide them." Habit To show an ongoing or habitual action—something the subject does regularly—you can use the modal verb would for the past tense and will for the present and future. When I was in college, I would study late into the night. Example: Reflecting on the past, you say, "When I was in college, I would study late into the night." I will practice the piano every day to improve my skills. Example: Expressing a commitment for the future, you say, "I will practice the piano every day to improve my skills." List of Modal Verbs Can: Description: Indicates ability, possibility, or permission. Examples: She can play the piano. Can I use your computer? Could: Description: Past tense of "can," used for past ability, polite requests, or possibilities. Examples: He could swim when he was five. Could you pass me the salt? May: Description: Expresses permission, possibility, or uncertainty. Examples: You may leave the room. It may rain later. Might: Description: Similar to "may," indicating a lesser degree of certainty or a more tentative possibility. Examples: It might snow tomorrow. You might want to consider that option. Shall: Description: Used for offers, suggestions, or in questions with "I" or "we" for the future. Examples: Shall we go for a walk? Shall I help you? Should: Description: Indicates advice, obligation, or expectation. Examples: You should eat more vegetables. You should submit the report by Friday. Will: Description: Expresses future tense, predictions, or willingness. Examples: She will arrive at 3 o'clock. It will rain tomorrow. Would: Description: Used for polite requests, hypothetical situations, or expressing preferences. Examples: Would you please pass the bread? If I had the time, I would travel more. Must: Description: Signifies necessity, obligation, or strong recommendation. Examples: You must complete the assignment. You must read this book; it's excellent. Semi-Modal Verbs: Dare: Description: Can function as a main verb or modal, indicating challenge or a polite inquiry. Examples: She dared him to jump off the cliff. Dare I ask a personal question? Need: Description: Expresses necessity or lack of necessity. Examples: You need not worry; everything will be fine. She has got to leave early. Used to: Description: Describes past habits or states. Examples: We used to go camping every summer. Used he to smoke? Ought to: Description: Similar to "should," indicating moral obligation or desirability. Examples: You ought to be more considerate. Ought we to finish this today? Have (got) to: Description: Similar to "have to," implying obligation or necessity. Examples: I have to finish this task today. She has got to visit the doctor. Supposed to: Description: Implies expectation or requirement. Examples: You are supposed to arrive on time. Are we supposed to bring anything? Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the following modals: can, could, be able to, may, might, shall, should, must, have to, don't have to, need to He has to take his car to be serviced. The brakes are squeaking. Would you please save me a seat at the dinner event. If you are sick, you ________ go to work. You'll infect everyone there. Drivers _______ stop at red lights. You _______ finish the proposal today. You can finish it tomorrow. She ______ hear much better with her new hearing aids. ______ I order us a bottle of wine? Sam ______ pick his daughter up from school. She's taking the bus home. You _____________ smoke here. It's a smoke-free building. You ________ eat so many sweets. They are bad for you. _________ you mind walking a little faster? We're going to be late. I'm sorry. I _______ help you. I don't know how to do it. Answers: shouldn't must don't have to can shall needn't mustn't shouldn't would can't Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal or semi-modal verb from the list provided. Remember to choose the most suitable one based on the context. Modal and Semi-Modal Verbs List: Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must, Ought to, Have to, Need to, Dare, Used to, Need, Ought to, Have (got) to, Supposed to She ________ speak Spanish fluently. ______ I borrow your pen, please? They ___________ arrive at the airport by 6 PM. You ___________ complete your homework before going out. ______ we go for a picnic this weekend? He ___________ be at the meeting right now. We ___________ bring gifts to the party. Students ___________ wear a uniform to school. ______ I open the window? It's hot in here. I ___________ finish this report by tomorrow. She ___________ swim when she was a child. ______ you pass me the salt, please? It ___________ rain later, so bring an umbrella. He ___________ read that book; it's a classic. You ___________ apologize for your mistake. You ___________ smoke in this area. They ___________ go to the concert last night. We ___________ consider all options before deciding. She ___________ leave early for her appointment. ______ I ask a personal question? Answers: Can May Will Must Shall Should Ought to Have to Can Need to Could Could Might Should Ought to Must not Used to Should Has got to Dare Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal or semi-modal verb from the list provided. Modal and Semi-Modal Verbs List: Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must, Ought to, Have to, Need to, Dare, Used to, Need, Ought to, Have (got) to, Supposed to After years of practice, he ___________ speak several languages fluently. ______ you please lend me a hand with this complex problem? By this time next year, they ___________ complete their research project. Engineers ___________ consider the environmental impact of their designs. ______ we arrange a meeting to discuss the new proposal? The weather forecast suggests it ___________ rain tomorrow. The doctor said I ___________ take the medication regularly. We ___________ wear formal attire to the gala event. ______ I suggest an alternative solution to the problem? In emergencies, you ___________ use the emergency exit. During his prime, he ___________ run a mile in under four minutes. ______ I use your laptop if mine is not working? The political situation ___________ change in the coming months. She ___________ finish her assignment before the deadline. Everyone ___________ evacuate the building immediately. The film director said we ___________ start shooting next week. The old bridge ___________ be unsafe for heavy vehicles. Before making a decision, you ___________ consider all the consequences. He ___________ be at the airport by now; his flight was scheduled to land an hour ago. ______ I ask where you obtained this valuable information? Answers: Can Could Will Should Shall Might Must Have to May Must Could Can Might Must Must Will May Should Should May

Definition and Formation: A. Definition: 1. A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. 2. It represents the action or state expressed by the underlying verb. B. Formation: 1. Regular verbs: add "-ing" to the base form (e.g., walk → walking). 2. Irregular verbs: undergo various transformations (e.g., go → going, sing → singing). 1. As Subjects of Sentences: Swimming in the morning is a refreshing way to start the day. Reading classic literature broadens your understanding of different cultures. Running requires a good pair of shoes and proper form. Solving complex puzzles challenges your cognitive abilities. Learning a new instrument demands dedication and practice. 2. As Objects of Verbs: I enjoy cooking new recipes for my family. They avoid making the same mistakes over and over. She imagines traveling to exotic destinations in the future. We appreciate listening to live music performances. He admitted forgetting to complete the assignment. 3. As Objects of Prepositions: She is good at playing the piano in various styles. We are interested in learning about different historical periods. They are committed to working for the betterment of the community. He is passionate about helping those in need. She is worried about losing her job. 4. After Certain Verbs: She started working on the project immediately after the meeting. They consider traveling to different countries for cultural experiences. He enjoys hiking in the mountains during the summer. We can't imagine living without modern technology. The team is dedicated to improving their performance. 5. In the Past and Perfect Gerund Forms: Having finished her work, she decided to take a break. I regret not attending the conference last year. They celebrated their success by throwing a grand party. He left the house without checking if he had his keys. Having visited many countries, she has a broad perspective on global issues. 6. After Certain Adjectives: He is afraid of losing the opportunity to study abroad. She is excited about starting a new chapter in her life. They are worried about falling behind in their coursework. The children were disappointed at missing the school field trip. He is interested in learning about different artistic styles. 7. Expressing Purpose: I went to the store buying some groceries for the week. She went to the park walking her dog to get some fresh air. He spent the evening writing a heartfelt letter to his friend. We traveled to the beach collecting seashells for a school project. She joined the club meeting new people and making friends. 8. After Prepositions: She succeeded in the exam by studying hard every day. They celebrated the victory by dancing in the streets. He calmed his nerves by taking deep breaths. We express our creativity by participating in art workshops. She coped with stress by practicing mindfulness meditation. 9. In Causative Constructions: She had her son cleaning his room before the guests arrived. He got his car fixed after it broke down on the highway. We had the workers painting the office walls over the weekend. She had her dog trained to follow basic commands. They had the plumber fixing the leaky faucet in the kitchen. 10. In Compound Nouns: I enjoy bird watching in the early morning. She's into ice skating and participates in competitions. Jogging is a great way to improve cardiovascular health. He spends his weekends rock climbing in the nearby mountains. Bungee jumping is an exhilarating but daring activity. 11. After Expressions of Time: I spent the afternoon reading a fascinating novel. He wasted his time playing video games instead of studying. They passed the time chatting and sharing stories. She invested her time volunteering at the local animal shelter. We dedicate a portion of our day exercising for physical well-being. 12. In Informal Writing and Speaking: I don't feel like cooking tonight; let's order takeout. They ended up cancelling the event due to bad weather. She admitted borrowing the book without asking. He keeps interrupting the conversation with irrelevant comments. We avoid discussing politics at family gatherings to maintain peace. List of 50 verbs used as gerunds Adapt: The company adapted using new technologies for efficiency. She adapted to the changing circumstances with resilience. Admit: She admitted making a mistake in the report. He reluctantly admitted losing the game. Adore: She adores spending time with her grandchildren. They adore watching the sunrise on the beach. Appreciate: They appreciate being acknowledged for their hard work. She appreciates receiving constructive feedback for personal growth. Avoid: He avoids eating fast food to maintain a healthy diet. We should avoid making hasty decisions. Begin: We began planning the event weeks in advance. She began painting as a hobby when she was young. Consider: We are considering buying a new car. She considered quitting her job to pursue a new career. Continue: He continues practicing the piano every day. They continued working on the project despite the challenges. Delay: They delayed announcing the decision until after the meeting. She delayed responding to the email until she had more information. Discuss: We discussed going on a road trip during the holidays. They discussed changing the venue for the event. Enjoy: She enjoys reading novels in her free time. They enjoy traveling to different countries during the summer. Entertain: We entertain guests by hosting dinner parties. She entertains herself by watching comedy shows. Fancy: She fancies exploring different cuisines when she travels. They fancy trying out the latest gadgets on the market. Finish: I finished writing the essay just before the deadline. They finished decorating the house for the party. Hate: He hates doing chores around the house. She hates waiting in long lines. Imagine: He can't imagine living without his smartphone. I imagine traveling the world someday. Intend: We intend traveling to Europe next summer. She intends studying psychology in college. Like: She likes playing basketball in her free time. He likes listening to music while working. Love: They love watching romantic movies together. I love cooking for my friends and family. Mention: I mentioned considering a career change in the future. They mentioned traveling to Asia for their next vacation. Mind: Do you mind helping me with this task? She doesn't mind waiting for a few minutes. Miss: I miss spending time with my family. They miss living in the countryside. Practice: He practices playing the guitar for an hour every day. They practice speaking English with native speakers. Quit: She quit smoking for the sake of her health. They quit complaining and started taking positive action. Recommend: I recommend starting the day with a nutritious breakfast. They recommend trying new hobbies for personal growth. Regret: She regrets not studying harder for the exam. He regrets not taking the job offer. Resent: She resents being treated unfairly in the workplace. They resent having to work overtime without proper compensation. Resist: It's hard to resist eating chocolate when it's in front of me. He resists procrastination by setting strict deadlines. Risk: She risked investing in the startup despite the uncertainties. They risked trying a new adventure sport during their vacation. Suggest: They suggested going out for dinner. He suggested postponing the meeting until next week. Start: She started learning Spanish last year. They started working on the project early in the morning. Enjoy: She enjoys reading novels in her free time. They enjoy traveling to different countries during the summer. Favor: She favors spending weekends in nature. They favor implementing environmentally friendly practices. Imagine: He imagines creating innovative solutions to global problems. We imagine achieving our goals through hard work and dedication. Quit: She quit smoking for the sake of her health. They quit complaining and started taking positive action. Resist: It's hard to resist eating chocolate when it's in front of me. He resists procrastination by setting strict deadlines. Risk: She risked confronting his fears to pursue his passion. They risked investing in the stock market during uncertain times. Mention: I mentioned considering a career change in the future. They mentioned traveling to Asia for their next vacation. Entertain: We entertain guests by hosting dinner parties. She entertains herself by watching comedy shows. Anticipate: They anticipated facing challenges but were prepared. She anticipated receiving positive feedback for her project. Suggest: He suggested going for a hike as a team-building activity. They suggested adopting a more sustainable lifestyle. Favor: She favors spending weekends in nature. They favor implementing environmentally friendly practices. Encourage: I encourage pursuing your dreams with determination. They encourage adopting healthy habits for overall well-being. Practice: He practices yoga for relaxation and flexibility. She practices public speaking to overcome stage fright. Postpone: They decided to postpone making a decision until the next meeting. She postponed taking a vacation until the busy season was over. Fancy: She fancies exploring different cuisines when she travels. They fancy trying out the latest gadgets on the market. Resent: She resents being treated unfairly in the workplace. They resent having to work overtime without proper compensation. Start: We started implementing the new policies for better efficiency. He started learning photography as a hobby. Appreciate: They appreciate being acknowledged for their hard work. She appreciates receiving constructive feedback for personal growth. Encourage: I encourage pursuing your dreams with determination. They encourage adopting healthy habits for overall well-being. Exercises: Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb provided in parentheses: The professor encouraged his students (explore) ___________ new theories in the field. Maria regrets (not, take) ___________ the opportunity to study abroad during college. The children sat silently, (watch) ___________ their favorite movie on TV. She is considering (learn) ___________ a new language to enhance her career prospects. After (finish) ___________ her degree, Susan decided to take a year off and travel. It's important to (exercise) ___________ regularly for maintaining good health. The manager asked his team (prepare) ___________ a detailed report for the upcoming meeting. The actor, (know) ___________ for his versatility, is rumored (star) ___________ in a blockbuster film next year. I can't believe I forgot (buy) ___________ tickets for the concert. Now it's sold out! The chef plans (introduce) ___________ a new menu featuring exotic ingredients. Answers: exploring not to take watching learning finishing exercise to prepare known; to star to buy to introduce Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb provided in parentheses: The scientist was observed (conduct) ___________ experiments in the laboratory. She advised him (not, procrastinate) ___________ if he wanted to succeed in his endeavors. The novel, (write) ___________ by a renowned author, is said (become) ___________ a classic. The company decided (invest) ___________ in renewable energy sources to reduce its carbon footprint. After years of training, he succeeded in (master) ___________ the difficult art form. The committee discussed the proposal before (reach) ___________ a unanimous decision. The athlete was disqualified for (use) ___________ performance-enhancing substances. He admitted (forge) ___________ his signature on the document. The opportunity (travel) ___________ abroad presented itself unexpectedly. The team is determined (win) ___________ the championship this season. The professor, (know) ___________ for his expertise, offered (assist) ___________ the students with their research. The musician performed, (accompanied) ___________ by a live orchestra. We appreciate your efforts (complete) ___________ the project ahead of schedule. The manager is considering (implement) ___________ new policies to improve efficiency. The hikers, (guide) ___________ by an experienced mountaineer, reached the summit at dawn. He was excited about (attend) ___________ the international conference. The artist spent hours (perfect) ___________ her technique. I look forward to (meet) ___________ you at the conference next week. The students were caught (cheat) ___________ on the exam. The professor encouraged the students (question) ___________ traditional assumptions. The company decided (relocate) ___________ its headquarters to a more strategic location. The detective was skilled at (uncover) ___________ hidden clues. The team celebrated after (win) ___________ the championship. The chef is known for (create) ___________ unique and innovative dishes. She was determined (prove) ___________ her critics wrong. The manager apologized for (arrive) ___________ late to the meeting. The comedian had the audience (laugh) ___________ throughout the entire performance. The government is committed (address) ___________ environmental issues. The project, (delay) ___________ by unforeseen circumstances, finally resumed. He seemed (deep) ___________ in thought, contemplating his next move. Answers: conducting not to procrastinate written; to become to invest mastering reaching using to forge to travel to win known; to assist accompanied completing to implement guided attending perfecting to meet cheating to question to relocate uncovering winning creating to prove for arriving laughing to address delayed deep Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb provided in parentheses: The artist was caught (paint) ___________ a mural on the city wall without permission. I can't imagine (live) ___________ in a city without any green spaces. The politician was accused of (accept) ___________ bribes from lobbyists. The film, (direct) ___________ by a famous director, is expected (release) ___________ next month. We were disappointed (hear) ___________ that the concert had been canceled. The students were excited about (participate) ___________ in the international competition. She was determined (succeed) ___________ in her chosen field despite facing numerous challenges. The chef recommends (try) ___________ the signature dish of the restaurant. The company is considering (expand) ___________ its operations to new markets. After (finish) ___________ her degree, she decided (pursue) ___________ a career in research. He apologized for (interrupt) ___________ the meeting but needed to address an urgent matter. The professor encouraged his students (think) ___________ critically about the complex issues discussed in class. The athletes are looking forward to (compete) ___________ at the international level. The detective was skilled at (analyze) ___________ crime scenes for evidence. The manager was hesitant (approve) ___________ the budget without further clarification. The author is known for (write) ___________ thought-provoking novels that challenge societal norms. The team members were exhausted after (complete) ___________ the arduous expedition. He admitted (make) ___________ a mistake and promised (correct) ___________ it immediately. The students were assigned the task of (research) ___________ the impact of technology on society. The photographer spent hours (capture) ___________ the beauty of the natural landscape. We appreciate your effort (organize) ___________ the charity event. The musician was interrupted while (record) ___________ the new album in the studio. The manager insists on (employees) ___________ a training program to enhance their skills. Despite (face) ___________ numerous setbacks, she remained committed to (achieve) ___________ her goals. The company decided (donate) ___________ a percentage of its profits to charitable causes. Answers: painting living accepting directed; to be released to hear participating to succeed trying expanding finishing; to pursue interrupting to think competing analyzing to approve writing completing making; to correct researching capturing organizing recording employees to undergo facing; achieving to donate Fill in the blanks with the correct form (gerund or infinitive) of the verbs in parentheses. He prefers __________ (work) independently rather than in a team. She offered __________ (help) me with the project. I need __________ (study) for my exams tonight. It's time __________ (make) a decision about your future. I can't stand __________ (listen) to that loud music. My dad taught me __________ (ride) a bike when I was a child. They agreed __________ (meet) at the cafe for lunch. I enjoy __________ (cook) dinner for my friends. We're planning __________ (visit) the museum this weekend. She tends __________ (talk) a lot in social situations. Would you mind __________ (close) the window? It's cold. The teacher advised __________ (review) the lesson before the exam. He promised __________ (call) me as soon as he arrives. I would like __________ (learn) how to play the guitar. They decided __________ (take) a road trip across the country. My goal is __________ (improve) my language skills. She hesitated __________ (tell) him the truth. I hope __________ (find) a good job after graduation. We are considering __________ (buy) a new car. It's important __________ (save) money for the future. I'm looking forward to __________ (see) the new movie. She deserves __________ (win) the award. Do you mind __________ (wait) for a few minutes? He seems __________ (be) upset about something. The doctor advised her __________ (take) vitamins regularly. They are excited __________ (visit) the famous landmarks. We can't afford __________ (eat) out every night. I regret __________ (inform) you that the event has been canceled. I enjoy __________ (read) science fiction novels. The children promised __________ (clean) their rooms before bedtime. Answers: working to help to study to make listening to ride to meet cooking to visit talking to close to review to call to learn to take to improve to tell to find to buy to save to see to win waiting to be to take to visit to eat informing reading to clean

Case in grammar helps us understand how a noun or pronoun is related to other words in a sentence. It shows their role and function in the sentence. Let's explore the main cases in English: Subjective Case: The subjective case is like the star of the show. It's used for the subject of a verb, the one doing the action. Look at this example: He gave her a letter. ("He" is doing the giving, so it's in the subjective case.) Objective Case: The objective case is the team player. It's used for the object of a verb or a preposition, the one receiving the action. Check this out: He saw her with them. ("Her" is the one being seen, and "them" is connected with a preposition, so they're in the objective case.) Possessive Case: The possessive case is all about ownership. It shows that something belongs to someone. Take a look: The dog has eaten the cat's dinner. ("The cat's" tells us the dinner belongs to the cat.) Vocative Case: The vocative case is like calling someone's name. It's used for direct address. Look at this example: Get off the phone, John. ("John" is being directly addressed, and the comma before his name marks him in the vocative case.) Case in table: Details Subjective Case The subjective case refers to the form of a pronoun or noun when it functions as the subject of a sentence. The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or about whom something is said. Let's break down the subjective case in more detail: 1. Pronouns in the Subjective Case: I, you, he, she, it, we, they: Examples: I am going to the store. Here, "I" is the subject of the sentence, indicating who is performing the action of going to the store. You are my best friend. "You" is the subject, indicating who the speaker's best friend is. She is studying for the exam. "She" is the one performing the action of studying. 2. Nouns in the Subjective Case: Nouns in the subjective case are the subjects of sentences. Examples: John runs every morning. (Proper noun) "John" is the one running, serving as the subject of the sentence. Dogs are loyal animals. (Common noun) "Dogs" is the subject, expressing a general characteristic of loyalty. 3. Subjective Case in Questions: Pronouns and nouns still take the subjective case in questions. Examples: Who is at the door? (Pronoun) "Who" is the subject, asking about the person at the door. What caused the problem? (Pronoun) "What" is the subject, inquiring about the cause of the problem. Which student performed exceptionally well? (Noun) "Which student" is the subject, seeking information about academic performance. 4. Using Subjective Case in Compound Subjects: In sentences with compound subjects, each subject retains the subjective case. Examples: Mary and I are working on the project. Both "Mary" and "I" are subjects, jointly involved in working on the project. You and he should come to the meeting. "You" and "he" are both subjects, addressed together in the context of the meeting. 5. Avoiding Misuse of Subjective and Objective Cases: Be cautious when combining subjects and objects in a sentence. Incorrect Example: Him and I are going to the movies. (Correct: He and I are going to the movies.) "He and I" are both subjects, and using the subjective case maintains grammatical correctness. 6. Subjective Pronouns in Comparisons: When used in comparisons, subjective pronouns should be employed. Example: She is as tall as I am. (Not "as tall as me am.") "I am" is the complete phrase, where "I" is the subject of the comparison. 7. Subjective Case with Infinitive Phrases: In sentences with infinitive phrases, the pronoun within the phrase should be in the subjective case. Example: It is important for us to finish the project. "Us" is the subject of the infinitive phrase "to finish the project." 8. Subjective Case vs. Objective Case: The subjective case is used for subjects, while the objective case is used for objects. Subjective: She gave him a book. "She" is the subject, and "him" is the indirect object. Objective: I saw him and her at the park. "Him" and "her" are both objects, as they are the ones seen at the park. 9. Summary: The subjective case is crucial for clearly identifying the subject of a sentence. By using the correct form of pronouns and nouns, you enhance both clarity and grammatical accuracy in your writing. Whether in simple sentences, questions, or complex constructions, maintaining the subjective case is essential for effective communication. Objective Case 1. Objective Case Pronouns: Pronouns in the objective case are used when they function as the object of a verb, preposition, or infinitive. Examples: The teacher praised him for his hard work. "Him" is the object of the verb "praised." She is talking to us about the upcoming project. "Us" is the object of the preposition "to." I asked her to join the team. "Her" is the object of the infinitive "to join." 2. Objective Case Nouns: Nouns in the objective case are used as direct or indirect objects in sentences. Examples: Please pass the salt to John. "John" is the indirect object, receiving the action of passing. I saw the cat chasing a mouse. "The cat" is the direct object, receiving the action of seeing. 3. Objective Case in Questions: Pronouns in the objective case are used when they function as the object in a question. Examples: Whom did you invite to the party? "Whom" is the object of the verb "invite." 4. Objective Case in Commands: Objective case pronouns are used in imperative sentences or commands. Example: Give the book to me. "Me" is the object, specifying the recipient of the book. 5. Objective Case with Infinitive Phrases: When a pronoun is part of an infinitive phrase, it should be in the objective case. Example: She asked them to help us with the project. "Us" is the object of the infinitive "to help." 6. Objective Pronouns in Comparisons: Objective pronouns are used in comparisons when they function as the object of a preposition. Example: He is older than her. "Her" is the object of the preposition "than." 7. Using Objective Case in Compound Objects: In sentences with compound objects, each object retains the objective case. Example: I gave him the keys and her the wallet. Both "him" and "her" are objects, receiving different items. 8. Objective Case vs. Subjective Case: While the subjective case is used for subjects, the objective case is used for objects. Subjective: She gave him a book. "She" is the subject, and "him" is the object. Objective: I saw him and her at the park. "Him" and "her" are both objects, as they are the ones seen at the park. 9. Summary: The objective case is essential for identifying the objects in a sentence. Whether it's a pronoun or a noun, using the appropriate case ensures clear communication and grammatical accuracy. Understanding when to use the objective case is crucial for constructing well-formed and effective sentences. Possessive Case 1. Possessive Case Pronouns: Possessive case pronouns show ownership or possession. They include: My, mine Your, yours His Her, hers Its Our, ours Their, theirs Examples: This is my book. "My" indicates possession, showing that the book belongs to the speaker. Is this pen yours? "Yours" shows possession, asking if the pen belongs to the person being addressed. 2. Possessive Case Nouns: Nouns in the possessive case indicate ownership or possession. Examples: John's car is in the parking lot. "John's" indicates that the car belongs to John. The cat chased the dog's tail. "The dog's" shows possession, indicating whose tail is being chased. 3. Possessive Case in Questions: Possessive pronouns are used in questions to inquire about ownership. Example: Whose jacket is this? "Whose" is a possessive pronoun indicating ownership. 4. Possessive Case with Gerunds: Possessive case pronouns are used before gerunds (verbs ending in -ing) to show possession. Example: I appreciate your helping me. "Your" indicates that the act of helping belongs to the person being addressed. 5. Joint Possession: When two or more people share ownership, only the last noun or pronoun takes the possessive form. Example: Bob and Alice's house is beautiful. "Bob and Alice's" indicates that the house belongs to both Bob and Alice. 6. Using Possessive Case in Time Expressions: Possessive case pronouns are used in time expressions to show whose time is being referred to. Example: Is this your first visit to the museum? "Your" indicates the possession of the visit. 7. Possessive Case with Inanimate Objects: Possessive case pronouns can be used with inanimate objects to show a sense of ownership or association. Example: The roof of the car's color is red. "The car's" suggests that the roof's color is associated with the car. 8. Possessive Case vs. Contractions: Possessive case pronouns are often contracted when combined with "is" or "has." Examples: That's my book. (That is my book.) She's his sister. (She is his sister.) It's our anniversary. (It is our anniversary.) 9. Summary: The possessive case is crucial for indicating ownership or association. Whether it's a pronoun or a noun, using the appropriate possessive form ensures clarity and precision in expressing relationships of possession. Understanding when and how to use the possessive case enhances your ability to construct grammatically correct and meaningful sentences. Vocative Case The vocative case is a grammatical case used in some languages to address or call someone directly. It is employed when a speaker is directly addressing a person or group of people. The vocative case is typically marked by changes in form or the addition of specific particles to nouns or pronouns. 1. Nouns in the Vocative Case: In languages that have a vocative case, nouns can change form when used in direct address. Examples: O friend, lend me your ear. (English - informal use) "O friend" is a vocative phrase, directly addressing the friend. Amice, veni huc. (Latin - "Friend, come here.") "Amice" is the vocative form of "friend" in Latin. 2. Vocative Case Pronouns: Similar to nouns, pronouns can take on a specific form when used in the vocative case. Examples: Hey, you, stop! (English - informal use) "Hey, you" is a vocative phrase, directly addressing the person. Mi amice, cur non venis? (Latin - "My friend, why do you not come?") "Mi amice" is the vocative form of "my friend" in Latin. 3. Vocative Particles: Some languages use specific particles or words to indicate direct address. Examples: Oh God, grant us strength. (English) "Oh God" is a vocative phrase using the particle "Oh" to address God. Oui, mon ami, je comprends. (French - "Yes, my friend, I understand.") "Oui, mon ami" is a vocative phrase using "Oui" and "mon ami" to address the friend. 4. Usage in Commands: The vocative case is often used in commands or requests when directly addressing someone. Examples: Children, please be quiet. (English - informal use) "Children" is a vocative phrase, directly addressing the group of children. Amici, auxilium date! (Latin - "Friends, give help!") "Amici" is the vocative form of "friends" in Latin. 5. Vocative Case in Different Languages: The presence and form of the vocative case can vary across languages. Some languages have distinct vocative forms, while others may use the nominative case for direct address. Example: In Latin, "Marcus" (nominative) becomes "Marce" in the vocative when addressing Marcus directly. 6. Vocative Case in Modern English: While Modern English generally lacks a distinct vocative case, informal expressions like "hey," "oh," or "you" can be used for direct address. Examples: Hey, guys, let's go. (Informal use) Oh, dear, where did I put my keys? (Expressing surprise or concern)

In English grammar, gender refers to the classification of nouns and pronouns based on their sexual characteristics. It's a way of categorizing words into different groups according to their association with male or female attributes. This categorization extends beyond just nouns and pronouns to include verbs and adjectives, depending on the gender-related qualities of the words they modify. There are four main types of gender: Masculine Gender: Definition: This gender category includes nouns that represent male entities. Examples: man, king, father, brother, tiger, etc. Usage: The man was waiting outside for his food. My father is driving right now. Feminine Gender: Definition: This gender type comprises nouns representing female entities. Examples: queen, girl, mother, actress, lady, etc. Usage: The girl was waiting for her mother. The queen of England will be leaving her throne soon. Common Gender: Definition: This gender category includes nouns that can represent either male or female entities. The sexual identity of these nouns is not specified. Examples: teacher, cousin, friend, student, etc. Usage: My cousin will visit me on Wednesday. The student is not willing to give the exam. Neuter Gender: Definition: This gender category includes nouns that are neither male nor female; they are inanimate objects. Examples: table, book, pen, bus, etc. Usage: I want a new pen. The school is opening tomorrow. Forming the feminine of nouns with details: 1. By using an entirely different word: 2. By adding a syllable (-ess, -ine, -trix, -a, etc.): Note: In the following, -ess is added after dropping the vowel of the masculine ending! Note: The suffix -ess is the commonest suffix used to form feminine nouns and is the only one currently used in forming a new feminine noun. 3. By placing a word before or after: More Examples:

A determiner is like a helper word that works with a noun to give us more information. It tells us things like who owns something, how much of it there is, or which one we're talking about. Examples: Determiners and Nouns One person is missing from the group. I’ve been stung by a wasp. Determiners vs. Adjectives: Determiners and adjectives both talk about nouns, but they do it in different ways. Determiners are like special helpers, and they are really important for making sense. Adjectives, on the other hand, can describe things but don’t always play such a crucial role. Examples: Determiners vs. Adjectives Calvin cycled his blue bike home from work. Calvin cycled his bike home from work. (Note: If there’s both a determiner and an adjective before a noun, the determiner comes first.) Types of Determiners: 1. Definite and Indefinite Articles: Definite Article "The": "I just saw the movie everyone is talking about." "The" is used to refer to a specific and known movie. "Can you pass me the salt, please?" "The" is used to refer to a specific item (salt) that is known to both the speaker and the listener. Indefinite Articles "A" and "An": "I adopted a dog from the shelter." "A" is used to refer to any dog, not a specific one. "Would you like an apple from the basket?" "An" is used before "apple" because it starts with a vowel sound. 2. Demonstrative Determiners: Demonstrative determiners help point out specific things. "I love this dress, but I'm not sure about that one." "This" refers to a dress close to the speaker, while "that" refers to a more distant one. "Look at these pictures! I took those on vacation." "These" and "those" distinguish between pictures in close proximity and those taken on a different occasion. 3. Possessive Determiners: Possessive determiners indicate ownership. "Sarah is known for her incredible photography skills." "Her" indicates that the skills belong to Sarah. "The company is proud of its innovative approach to technology." "Its" indicates that the approach belongs to the company. 4. Numbers: Numbers provide information about quantity or order. Cardinal Numbers: "I have three cats, and each has its own unique personality." "Three" indicates the quantity of cats. Ordinal Numbers: "She won the first prize in the competition." "First" specifies the order of the prize. 5. Distributive Determiners: Distributive determiners refer to individual or grouped occurrences. "Each student is required to submit his or her own project." "Each" emphasizes individual responsibility. "Half the cookies are chocolate chip, and the other half are oatmeal." "Half" specifies the quantity, and "the other half" emphasizes the remaining portion. 6. Interrogative Determiners: Interrogative determiners help form questions or express curiosity. "Which book is the most interesting to you?" "Which" asks about a specific book from a set of options. "Whose phone is ringing in the next room?" "Whose" inquires about the ownership of the ringing phone. 7. Quantifiers: Quantifiers express quantity. "Several students volunteered to help with the event." "Several" gives an idea of a moderately large number. "I need some advice on planning a trip." "Some" indicates an unspecified but not necessarily small amount. 8. Determiners of Difference: Determiners of difference help distinguish between things. "She prefers other styles of music, not just pop." "Other" suggests different types of music. "Can I have another slice of cake?" "Another" refers to an additional slice, different from the ones consumed earlier. All types of Determiners ( Details) Articles: Definition: Articles are determiners that indicate whether a noun refers to something specific or general. a / an: Description: "A" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound, while "an" is used before words that begin with a vowel sound. Example: I saw a movie yesterday. the: Description: "The" is a definite article used to refer to a specific noun that is unique or known. Example: The Eiffel Tower is in Paris. Demonstratives: Definition: Demonstratives indicate the relative position or proximity of a noun. that / those: Description: "That" refers to a singular noun, while "those" refers to plural nouns, both indicating something farther away. Example: I prefer that book on the shelf. this / these: Description: "This" refers to a singular noun, while "these" refers to plural nouns, both indicating something closer. Example: I like these shoes. Personal Determiners: Definition: Personal determiners are used to refer to specific people or entities. we / us: Description: "We" is used as a subject pronoun, and "us" is used as an object pronoun. Example: We are going to the party. you: Description: "You" is used to refer to the person or people being addressed. Example: Can you pass the salt? them: Description: Used to refer to a group of people in some dialects. Example: I invited them to the gathering. Universal Determiners: Definition: Universal determiners refer to all members of a group. all: Description: Refers to every member of a group. Example: All students must attend the orientation. both: Description: Refers to the entirety of two things. Example: I like both coffee and tea. Distributive Determiners: Definition: Distributive determiners refer to individuals or items separately. each: Description: Refers to every member of a group individually. Example: Each student received a certificate. every: Description: Refers to every member of a group collectively. Example: The library is open every day. Existential Determiners: Definition: Existential determiners indicate the existence of something. any: Description: Refers to an indefinite member of a group. Example: I can help at any time. some: Description: Refers to an indefinite quantity or number. Example: Do you have some free time? Cardinal Numerals: Definition: Cardinal numerals indicate quantity or number. zero, one, two, three, four, five million, etc.: Description: Numerals used to represent specific quantities. Example: There are three apples on the table. Disjunctive Determiners: Definition: Disjunctive determiners present alternatives. either: Description: Indicates a choice between two options. Example: You can choose either option. neither: Description: Indicates the exclusion of both options. Example: I like neither of the colors. Negative Determiners: Definition: Negative determiners indicate absence. no: Description: Indicates the absence of quantity or number. Example: There is no milk in the fridge. none: Description: Indicates the absence of all members. Example: I have none left. Alternative-Additive Determiner: Definition: Alternative-additive determiners introduce additional options. another: Description: Indicates one more of a similar kind. Example: Can I have another piece of cake? Positive Paucal Determiners: Definition: Positive paucal determiners indicate a small, but positive, quantity. a few: Description: Refers to a small number. Example: I have a few friends coming over. a little: Description: Refers to a small amount. Example: Add a little sugar to the tea. several: Description: Refers to more than a few but not many. Example: I read several books over the weekend. Degree Determiners: Definition: Degree determiners indicate the extent of a quality. few / fewer / fewest: Description: Refers to a small number, with comparative and superlative forms. Example: I have few regrets. little / less / least: Description: Refers to a small amount, with comparative and superlative forms. Example: I have little patience. many / more / most: Description: Refers to a large number, with comparative and superlative forms. Example: Most people enjoy music. much / more / most: Description: Refers to a large amount, with comparative and superlative forms. Example: I don't have much time. Sufficiency Determiners: Definition: Sufficiency determiners indicate an adequate amount. enough: Description: Indicates an adequate quantity or degree. Example: I have enough money for the trip. sufficient: Description: Indicates an adequate amount or degree. Example: The evidence is sufficient for the case. Temporal Determiners: Definition: Temporal determiners indicate time. last: Description: Refers to the period just before the present. Example: I saw him last week. next: Description: Refers to the period just after the present. Example: I'll see you next month. Interrogative Determiners: Definition: Interrogative determiners are used in asking questions. what: Description: Used to inquire about something. Example: What is your favorite color? whatever: Description: Used to ask about anything. Example: You can do whatever you like. which: Description: Used to inquire about a choice among alternatives. Example: Which book do you want? whichever: Description: Used to inquire about any choice among alternatives. Example: You can choose whichever movie you want. Marginal Determiners: Definition: Marginal determiners are less commonly used. certain: Description: Indicates a specific thing or things. Example: I heard certain students were rewarded. said: Description: Indicates something previously mentioned. Example: The said article was interesting. various: Description: Indicates a variety or diversity. Example: We visited various places during our trip. Relative Determiners: Definition: Relative determiners introduce relative clauses. what: Description: Used in a relative clause. Example: I didn't understand what he said. whatever: Description: Used in a relative clause. Example: Give me whatever you have. which: Description: Used in a relative clause. Example: Choose which color you like. whichever: Description: Used in a relative clause. Example: Pick whichever day suits you. Compound Determiners: Definition: Compound determiners consist of multiple words. a few, a little: Description: Expresses a small quantity or amount. Example: I need a few more minutes. -body, -one, -thing, & -where: Description: Forms compound determiners referring to people, objects, things, and places. Example: Anybody can join the club. Other Determines: Genitive Pronouns: my, your, his, her, our, their: Indicate possession. Example: This is my car. its: Indicates possession for inanimate objects. Example: The cat licked its paw. whose: Indicates possession when referring to people or things. Example: Do you know whose book this is? one's: Indicates possession in a general sense. Example: Everyone should take care of one's belongings. Nouns: Any genitive noun phrase such as "the cat's," "the cats'," "Geoff's," etc. Predeterminers: half, a third, a quarter, etc.: Indicates a portion or fraction. Example: I ate half of the pizza. such, quite, rather: Adds emphasis to the determiner. Example: She was quite surprised. twice, thrice: Indicates repetition. Example: I checked twice before leaving. both, all: Refers to the entirety of a group. Example: We can eat both dishes. double, triple, quadruple, etc.: Indicates multiplication. Example: The recipe calls for double the amount of sugar. List of Determiners with examples A Few: "I have a few apples left." A Little: "She needs a little help with her homework." All: "He ate all the cookies." An: "She found an interesting book at the library." Another: "Can I have another piece of cake?" Any: "Do you have any plans for the weekend?" Anybody: "Anybody can join the club." Anyone: "Anyone can apply for the scholarship." Anything: "You can ask me anything." Anywhere: "We can go anywhere you'd like." Both: "Both options are acceptable." Certain: "She had certain reservations about the decision." Each: "Each student received a certificate." Either: "You can choose either option." Enough: "We have enough time to finish the project." Every: "Every child deserves a good education." Everybody: "Everybody enjoyed the party." Everyone: "Everyone is welcome to join." Everything: "He packed everything for the trip." Everywhere: "I searched everywhere for my keys." Few: "I have few friends in this city." Fewer: "There are fewer people at the meeting than expected." Fewest: "He has the fewest items on his list." Last: "This is the last piece of cake." Least: "He chose the option that required the least effort." Less: "She has less time to complete the task." Little: "She has little patience for waiting." Many: "There are many books on the shelf." Many a: "Many a student has struggled with this concept." More: "We need more chairs for the guests." Most: "She ate most of the pizza." Much: "There isn't much time left." Neither: "Neither option seems suitable." Next: "Next week, we're going on vacation." No: "No answer was provided." No One: "No one knows the answer." Nobody: "Nobody attended the meeting." None: "None of the suggestions were accepted." Nothing: "There is nothing in the box." Nowhere: "He could find his keys nowhere." Once: "Once upon a time, there was a princess." One: "I need one more piece of information." Said: "Said the wise old owl." Several: "Several students excelled in the exam." Some: "Can I have some of your fries?" Somebody: "Somebody left their umbrella here." Something: "There is something on the table." Somewhere: "I left my keys somewhere in the house." Sufficient: "Sufficient evidence was provided." That: "I want that book on the top shelf." The: "The sun is shining brightly." These: "These are my favorite flowers." This: "This is the best movie I've seen." Those: "Those shoes are on sale." Three: "I have three siblings." Thrice: "He knocked on the door thrice." Twice: "She called me twice yesterday." Two: "I need two tickets for the concert." Us: "The gift is for us." Various: "Various options are available." We: "We are going to the park." What: "What movie did you watch?" Whatever: "You can choose whatever you like." Which: "Tell me which book you want." Whichever: "You can pick whichever dress you prefer." You: "You are my best friend." Zero: "There is zero chance of rain." Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate determiner. I saw __________ movie yesterday, and it was amazing! Can you pass me __________ salt, please? She won __________ first prize in the competition. __________ students volunteered to help with the event. Look at __________ pictures! I took __________ on vacation. I adopted __________ dog from the shelter. __________ moon looks beautiful tonight. I just bought __________ new car, and I love it. Which book is __________ most interesting to you? She prefers __________ styles of music, not just pop. __________ company is proud of __________ innovative approach to technology. __________ elephant approached. __________ elephant was large and gray. __________ winter is a lot milder than __________ winter. __________ people are not to blame. __________ people over there started the fight. I have __________ cats, and each has __________ own unique personality. There are already __________ people waiting for a table at this restaurant. She needs __________ advice on planning a trip. __________ shoe might match your outfit better. Can I have __________ cup of tea? Jesse ate __________ apple and __________ orange. Answers: I saw a movie yesterday, and it was amazing! Can you pass me the salt, please? She won the first prize in the competition. Several students volunteered to help with the event. Look at these pictures! I took those on vacation. I adopted a dog from the shelter. The moon looks beautiful tonight. I just bought a new car, and I love it. Which book is the most interesting to you? She prefers other styles of music, not just pop. The company is proud of its innovative approach to technology. An elephant approached. The elephant was large and gray. This winter is a lot milder than that winter. These people are not to blame. Those people over there started the fight. I have three cats, and each has its own unique personality. There are already several people waiting for a table at this restaurant. She needs some advice on planning a trip. Other shoe might match your outfit better. Can I have another cup of tea? Jesse ate an apple and an orange. Exercise: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate determiner. We bought __________ new furniture for __________ living room. Could you please pass me __________ salt from __________ table? __________ sun is shining brightly in __________ sky. I need __________ advice on __________ best way to invest my money. Have you seen __________ movie with __________ actors I told you about? She adopted __________ puppy from __________ animal shelter. __________ team performed well, and they won __________ match. Please choose __________ book from __________ shelf for our book club. __________ students are participating in __________ science fair this year. I found __________ interesting article in __________ newspaper this morning. __________ man you met yesterday is my brother. __________ dozen eggs should be enough for __________ baking. __________ first day of school is always exciting. I wonder which house is __________ one with __________ beautiful garden. __________ few people managed to solve __________ challenging puzzle. Can you recommend __________ good restaurant for __________ dinner tonight? __________ other students have already submitted __________ assignments. He is holding __________ umbrella to shield himself from __________ rain. Let's meet at __________ park near __________ lake. She is known for __________ kindness and __________ generosity. Answers: We bought some new furniture for the living room. Could you please pass me the salt from the table? The sun is shining brightly in the sky. I need some advice on the best way to invest my money. Have you seen a movie with the actors I told you about? She adopted a puppy from an animal shelter. The team performed well, and they won the match. Please choose a book from the shelf for our book club. Several students are participating in the science fair this year. I found an interesting article in the newspaper this morning. The man you met yesterday is my brother. A dozen eggs should be enough for some baking. The first day of school is always exciting. I wonder which house is the one with the beautiful garden. A few people managed to solve the challenging puzzle. Can you recommend a good restaurant for dinner tonight? The other students have already submitted their assignments. He is holding an umbrella to shield himself from the rain. Let's meet at the park near the lake. She is known for her kindness and generosity. Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate determiner from the list. Some sentences may have more than one correct answer. I have ___ appointment at the dentist's office. a) a b) an c) the Look at ___ beautiful sunset over there! a) that b) those c) this d) these We are planning to visit ___ museum this weekend. a) our b) us c) the Do you have ___ plans for the weekend? a) some b) any c) every I saw ___ movie yesterday, and it was fantastic! a) a b) an c) the ___ students in the class must submit their projects by Friday. a) Every b) All c) Some She needs ___ more time to finish her work. a) a few b) a little c) several I don't have ___ patience to wait any longer. a) many b) much c) more ___ people attended the concert last night. a) Few b) A few c) Little Can you pass me ___ salt, please? a) a b) an c) the I need ___ information about the new project. a) a little b) some c) much I'll take ___ blue dress on the rack. a) this b) that c) these d) those She is not interested in ___ of the job offers. a) neither b) either c) both I have ___ appointments today, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. a) a b) an c) the I saw ___ amazing performance at the theater last night. a) an b) the c) this ___ time is running out; we need to make a decision. a) Some b) No c) The There is ___ milk left in the refrigerator. a) any b) some c) a little ___ children in the neighborhood play together. a) Every b) Each c) Some I have ___ reason to doubt his honesty. a) no b) none c) some She wants to adopt ___ puppy from the animal shelter. a) a b) an c) the I need ___ assistance with this difficult task. a) some b) a little c) much I like ___ of the paintings in the art gallery. a) all b) both c) many ___ people can solve this problem on their own. a) Some b) Any c) Every I'll have ___ cup of coffee, please. a) a b) an c) the She doesn't have ___ interest in sports. a) any b) some c) few I visited ___ new restaurant downtown. a) a b) an c) the There are ___ people waiting outside the theater. a) many b) much c) more I have ___ idea what to do next. a) a b) an c) the She will bring ___ dessert to the potluck. a) some b) any c) much ___ books on the shelf are mine. a) Those b) These c) That d) This I don't have ___ time to waste. a) many b) much c) more ___ members of the team are here for the meeting. a) Every b) All c) Some I saw ___ interesting documentary on television last night. a) an b) the c) this She needs ___ help to move the heavy furniture. a) a little b) some c) much There is ___ place like home. a) no b) none c) any I want to adopt ___ cat from the animal shelter. a) a b) an c) the ___ students in the class performed exceptionally well. a) Every b) Each c) Some I don't have ___ interest in politics. a) many b) much c) more I'll take ___ red shoes on display. a) this b) that c) these d) those She is not interested in ___ of the available options. a) neither b) either c) both I have ___ appointments tomorrow, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. a) a b) an c) the I saw ___ incredible performance at the theater last night. a) an b) the c) this ___ time is limited; we need to act quickly. a) Some b) No c) The There is ___ sugar left in the container. a) any b) some c) a little ___ children in the neighborhood play together. a) Every b) Each c) Some I have ___ doubt about his sincerity. a) no b) none c) some She wants to buy ___ new dress for the party. a) a b) an c) the I need ___ advice on how to handle the situation. a) some b) a little c) much I like ___ of the movies in the film festival. a) all b) both c) many ___ man can solve this complex puzzle. a) Some b) Any c) Every Answers: a c a b a b a b a c a a a a b c b a a a a a a a a a a a a b b b a a a a a b a a a a c a b a a a a b Common Errors: Common errors associated with determiners: Missing Article: Incorrect: "I bought car yesterday." Correct: "I bought a car yesterday." Incorrect Article Choice: Incorrect: "I need an advice." Correct: "I need some advice." Using the Indefinite Article with Uncountable Nouns: Incorrect: "I need a water." Correct: "I need some water." Overusing "The": Incorrect: "I saw the interesting movie yesterday." Correct: "I saw an interesting movie yesterday." Using Plural Nouns Without an Article: Incorrect: "I have dogs." Correct: "I have some dogs." Using "Fewer" When "Less" Is Appropriate: Incorrect: "I have fewer time than you." Correct: "I have less time than you." Incorrect Use of Demonstratives: Incorrect: "Can you pass this salt, please?" Correct: "Can you pass the salt, please?" Confusing "Few" and "A Few": Incorrect: "I have few friends." Correct: "I have a few friends." Misplacing Quantifiers: Incorrect: "Many students enjoyed the party, not." Correct: "Many students enjoyed the party, not all." Using Double Negatives Incorrectly: Incorrect: "I don't need no help." Correct: "I don't need any help." Confusing "Each" and "Every": Incorrect: "I visit the gym each day." Correct: "I visit the gym every day." Using "Both" Incorrectly: Incorrect: "Both of my parents doesn't like coffee." Correct: "Both of my parents don't like coffee." Incorrect Use of "Other" and "Another": Incorrect: "I'll have other cup of tea." Correct: "I'll have another cup of tea." Incorrect Use of "Many" and "Much": Incorrect: "I don't have much friends." Correct: "I don't have many friends." Using "This" or "These" to Refer to Distant Objects: Incorrect: "I like this mountains." Correct: "I like those mountains." Misusing Possessive Determiners: Incorrect: "The cat licked it's paw." Correct: "The cat licked its paw." Confusing "Some" and "Any": Incorrect: "I didn't find any interesting books." Correct: "I didn't find any interesting books." Overusing "Any" in Affirmative Sentences: Incorrect: "I'll take any of the desserts." Correct: "I'll take one of the desserts." Using "All" Incorrectly with Plural Nouns: Incorrect: "All people are kind." Correct: "All people are kind." Misusing Interrogative Determiners: Incorrect: "Which height is the Empire State Building?" Correct: "What height is the Empire State Building?" Incorrect Use of "Either" and "Neither": Incorrect: "I don't like either of the options." Correct: "I don't like neither of the options." Using "Some" Instead of "A Few" or "A Little": Incorrect: "I have some friends coming over." Correct: "I have a few friends coming over." Confusing "Few" and "Little": Incorrect: "I have little time for hobbies." Correct: "I have few hobbies." Misplacing "Many" and "Much": Incorrect: "There are much students in the classroom." Correct: "There are many students in the classroom." Misusing "Fewer" and "Less": Incorrect: "I have less friends than you." Correct: "I have fewer friends than you." Using "That" Instead of "Those" for Plural Nouns: Incorrect: "I like that mountains." Correct: "I like those mountains." Incorrect Use of "All" with Uncountable Nouns: Incorrect: "All water in the bottle is gone." Correct: "All the water in the bottle is gone." Using "The" with Uncountable Nouns Generally: Incorrect: "The patience is a virtue." Correct: "Patience is a virtue." Misplacing "Each" and "Every": Incorrect: "She exercises every day for an hour." Correct: "She exercises each day for an hour." Incorrect Use of "The" with Superlatives: Incorrect: "It was the most interesting party I ever attended." Correct: "It was the most interesting party I ever attended." Confusing "Some" and "Any" in Negative Sentences: Incorrect: "I don't have any money." Correct: "I don't have any money." Using "Much" with Countable Nouns: Incorrect: "There is much books on the shelf." Correct: "There are many books on the shelf." Misusing "Few" in Affirmative Sentences: Incorrect: "Few people appreciate classical music." Correct: "Many people appreciate classical music." Incorrect Use of "Any" in Affirmative Sentences: Incorrect: "I'll take any of the desserts." Correct: "I'll take one of the desserts." Confusing "Those" and "Them": Incorrect: "Give me those keys; I need them." Correct: "Give me those keys; I need them." Misusing "Every" and "All" Together: Incorrect: "Every the students passed the exam." Correct: "All the students passed the exam." Incorrect Use of "The" with Plural Countable Nouns Generally: Incorrect: "The apples are delicious." Correct: "Apples are delicious." Using "Some" Instead of "Another": Incorrect: "I want some cup of tea." Correct: "I want another cup of tea." Misplacing "Other" and "Another": Incorrect: "I'll have another fruit; oranges are my favorite." Correct: "I'll have another fruit; oranges are my favorite." Confusing "Which" and "What" in Questions: Incorrect: "Which is your favorite color?" Correct: "What is your favorite color?"

Introductory Subjects: “It” and “There” Overview: In English, we use the words "it" and "there" as dummy subjects when a sentence needs a subject but doesn't have a specific one. Dummy subjects are handy for talking about weather, time, dates, and general situations. Examples of Dummy Subjects: It’s raining. It is six in the morning. It’s Thursday, the first of January. There’s some cake for you on the table. There is always something more important to do than clean your fridge. What is a Dummy Subject? A dummy subject doesn't have its own meaning but fills the subject slot in a sentence. The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. It usually comes before the verb. Examples of Sentences with Dummy Subjects: It is bright and sunny. There isn't a cloud in the sky. It as a Dummy Subject: The word "it" is used as a dummy subject for time, weather, dates, and general situations. It doesn't refer to anything specific but helps complete the sentence. Examples with "It" as Dummy Subject: It’s sunny outside—the perfect day for a picnic. It is 3 a.m., and I’m wide awake. It’s a strange world we live in. Anticipatory It: "It" can be used to refer to a real subject that comes later in the sentence. This is called anticipatory "it." Examples of Anticipatory It: It is important to be happy in your own body. It’s funny how cats like cheese. There as a Dummy Subject: The word "there" is used as a dummy subject to indicate the existence of a situation. It doesn’t refer to something specific but introduces the situation. Examples with "There" as Dummy Subject: There are two ways to solve this problem. Is there anything I can do to help? When to Use Dummy Subjects: Dummy subjects like "it" and "there" are common in English, and avoiding them can make sentences sound odd. They're especially useful when the real subject is not available. Examples of Using Dummy Subjects: Preferred: There is some cake left. Poor: Some cake is left. Caution about Overusing: Using dummy subjects excessively in formal writing can make sentences vague. Identify and revise sentences starting with "it is," "there is," and "there are" to make them more concise. Examples of Overuse and How to Fix: Poor: There were forty research papers that we reviewed. Better: We reviewed forty research papers. Examples from Literature: Here are sentences from literature where dummy subjects "it" and "there" are used to introduce situations. Examples from Literature: "It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen." - George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel (1949) "There is no story that is not true." - Chinua Achebe, Things Fall Apart (1958) Exercise Insert introductory it or there ___ seems like a good idea to go for a walk. ___ is no easy way to learn a new language quickly. ___ was a beautiful sunset over the horizon. ___ is always something interesting happening in this town. ___ is necessary to stay hydrated during hot weather. ___ are three main reasons why exercise is essential. ___ feels like ages since we last met. ___ should be enough time to finish the project. ___ was a long line at the grocery store today. ___ is vital to respect others' opinions. ___ seems that we forgot to buy milk. ___ takes a lot of courage to speak in public. ___ is clear that the plan needs some adjustments. ___ is no need to worry about the weather tomorrow. ___ is a fantastic view from the top of the mountain. ___ appears to be a misunderstanding between them. ___ might rain later in the afternoon. ___ is never too late to start a new hobby. ___ seems like a good time to take a break. ___ is no excuse for rudeness in any situation. Answers: It There It There It There It There There It It It It There It It It It It There Exercise Insert introductory it or there ___ is a rumor that the company might undergo restructuring. ___ is believed that the team will achieve success this season. ___ seems impossible to fix the old computer. ___ is essential to stay focused during challenging times. ___ is expected that the results will be announced by noon. ___ feels strange to be in a new environment. ___ was in the middle of the night when the phone rang. ___ is common for people to underestimate the power of teamwork. ___ was clear from the beginning that changes were needed. ___ is necessary to address the issue promptly. ___ seems like a waste of time to argue about trivial matters. ___ is doubtful whether the project will be completed on time. ___ is known that she excels in problem-solving. ___ is expected that the conference will attract a large audience. ___ is strange how quickly time passes when you're having fun. ___ is crucial to foster a positive work environment. ___ was at that moment when everything changed. ___ seems that the train will be delayed due to technical issues. ___ was no one at the party who I knew. ___ is advised to double-check the information before presenting it. Answers: There It (anticipatory) It It It (anticipatory) It It It It (anticipatory) It It It It It (anticipatory) It It It It (anticipatory) There It Explanation: There is a rumor that the company might undergo restructuring. (Genuine "there" dummy subject) It is believed that the team will achieve success this season. (Anticipatory "it" referring to the belief) It seems impossible to fix the old computer. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is essential to stay focused during challenging times. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is expected that the results will be announced by noon. (Anticipatory "it" indicating the expectation) It feels strange to be in a new environment. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It was in the middle of the night when the phone rang. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is common for people to underestimate the power of teamwork. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It was clear from the beginning that changes were needed. (Anticipatory "it" indicating clarity) It is necessary to address the issue promptly. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It seems like a waste of time to argue about trivial matters. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is doubtful whether the project will be completed on time. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is known that she excels in problem-solving. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is expected that the conference will attract a large audience. (Anticipatory "it" indicating the expectation) It is strange how quickly time passes when you're having fun. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It is crucial to foster a positive work environment. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It was at that moment when everything changed. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) It seems that the train will be delayed due to technical issues. (Anticipatory "it" indicating a seeming situation) There was no one at the party who I knew. (Genuine "there" dummy subject) It is advised to double-check the information before presenting it. (Genuine "it" dummy subject) Read each sentence carefully and identify any errors in the use of "it" and "there." If there is an error, correct it. It's many ways to improve your productivity at work. There is important to create a positive work environment. It seems a challenging task, but you can accomplish it with dedication. There's a cat on the roof, looking for a way down. It was a surprise when I found out about the unexpected holiday. There's a lot of things that I want to accomplish before turning 30. It is known that exercise contributes to overall well-being. There is many benefits to adopting a healthy lifestyle. It's no easy task to master a new skill in a short period. There are some interesting facts about the history of ancient civilizations. It's raining outside, so don't forget your umbrella. There is a book on the shelf that I recommend reading. It feels like yesterday when we first met. There's no reason to be afraid of trying something new. It is common for people to underestimate the power of kindness. There is a solution to every problem; you just need to find it. It was a mistake to assume that the project would be completed on time. There are several factors that contributes to a healthy lifestyle. It's important to have a positive mindset in challenging situations. There's a beautiful park near my house that I often visit. Answers: It's ➔ There are There is ➔ It is It ➔ It may seem There's ➔ There is It ➔ It was There's ➔ There are It is ➔ It is There is ➔ There are It's ➔ It is There are ➔ There are It's ➔ It is There is ➔ There is It ➔ It has There's ➔ There is It is ➔ It is There is ➔ There is It ➔ It was contributes ➔ contribute It's ➔ It is There's ➔ There is Explanation It's many ways to improve your productivity at work. Correction: There are many ways to improve your productivity at work.Explanation: "There are" is used to indicate the existence of multiple ways. There is important to create a positive work environment. Correction: It is important to create a positive work environment.Explanation: "It is" is used to emphasize the importance of creating a positive work environment. It seems a challenging task, but you can accomplish it with dedication. Correction: It may seem a challenging task, but you can accomplish it with dedication.Explanation: Added "may" to make the sentence more accurate and reflective of perception. There's a cat on the roof, looking for a way down.Correction: There is a cat on the roof, looking for a way down.Explanation: The correction maintains the correct usage of "There is." It was a surprise when I found out about the unexpected holiday.Correction: It was a surprise when I found out about the unexpected holiday.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There's a lot of things that I want to accomplish before turning 30.Correction: There are a lot of things that I want to accomplish before turning 30.Explanation: "There are" is used for multiple things. It is known that exercise contributes to overall well-being.Correction: It is known that exercise contributes to overall well-being.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There is many benefits to adopting a healthy lifestyle.Correction: There are many benefits to adopting a healthy lifestyle.Explanation: "There are" is used for multiple benefits. It's no easy task to master a new skill in a short period.Correction: It is no easy task to master a new skill in a short period.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There are some interesting facts about the history of ancient civilizations.Correction: There are some interesting facts about the history of ancient civilizations.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. It's raining outside, so don't forget your umbrella.Correction: It is raining outside, so don't forget your umbrella.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There is a book on the shelf that I recommend reading.Correction: There is a book on the shelf that I recommend reading.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. It feels like yesterday when we first met.Correction: It has felt like yesterday since we first met.Explanation: Modified to indicate the ongoing feeling since the time of meeting. There's no reason to be afraid of trying something new.Correction: There is no reason to be afraid of trying something new.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. It is common for people to underestimate the power of kindness.Correction: It is common for people to underestimate the power of kindness.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There is a solution to every problem; you just need to find it.Correction: There is a solution to every problem; you just need to find it.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. It was a mistake to assume that the project would be completed on time.Correction: It was a mistake to assume that the project would be completed on time.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There are several factors that contributes to a healthy lifestyle.Correction: There are several factors that contribute to a healthy lifestyle.Explanation: "There are" is used for multiple factors. It's important to have a positive mindset in challenging situations.Correction: It is important to have a positive mindset in challenging situations.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed. There's a beautiful park near my house that I often visit.Correction: There is a beautiful park near my house that I often visit.Explanation: The original sentence is already correct; no changes needed.

Click on the following link- https://www.babarenglish.com/hsc-english-1st-board-question-2019 Other Board Questions- https://www.babarenglish.com/hsc-board-questions

Click on the following link- https://www.babarenglish.com/hsc-english-1st-board-question-2023/ Other Board Questions- https://www.babarenglish.com/hsc-board-questions

Dhaka-poard-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 20221 Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.) Read the passage. Then answer the questions below 1 and 2 : May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day. On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvester Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday. Two days later, a workers' rally was held near the McCormick Harvester Company and about 6000 workers joined it. The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give in to their bosses. Just at this moment, some strike breakers started leaving the meeting place. The strikers went down the street to bring them back. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers. One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were badly injured. The events of May 1, 1886 are a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. 1.      Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives :                                               1x5=5 (a)     The word 'commemorate' in line two means------------- (i) identify (ii) remember (iii) demonstrate (iv) display (b)     The prevailing work hour of the workers had been very ------------  (i) tolerable (ii) short (iii) lengthy (iv) expectable (c)     In the rally, the labour leaders inspired the workers----------- (i) to follow their bosses. (ii) to honour their bosses. (iii) not to surrender to their bosses. (iv) not to disobey their bosses. (d)     Whom does trade union represent? (i) Farmers (ii) Teachers (iii) Workers (iv) Businessmen (e)     During the industrial revolution the workers in mills and factories had a/an-------  (i) favourable environment (ii) satisfactory environment (iii) accordant environment (iv) adverse environment 2. Answer the following questions : —                                                                                         2x4=8 (a)     Why is May Day or International Workers' Day observed now? (b)     When and where did the historic events of May 1st take place? (c)     How did the policemen behave with the workers during their protest? (d)     What inspired the workers joining the protest?_ • 3. Read the following text and fill in each gap with suitable word based on the information of the text :                                                                                                                                0.5x10=5 Bangladesh is now apparently in the grip o all sorts o pollution like air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. The dwellers of the urban areas are the worst sufferers of such pollution. The indiscriminate industrialisation process in Bangladesh over the past decades has created significant environmental problems. Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources. In Bangladesh poisonous exhaust from industrial plants, brick kilns, old and poorly — serviced vehicles and dust from roads and construction sites are some of the major sources of air pollution. We can minimise this type of pollution by making less use of motor vehicles and avoiding the use of vehicles older than twenty years. We may also use proper lubricants to lessen the level of emission and pollutants. We can encourage people to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) for fuelling their cars. The government may relocate hazardous industries like brick kilns to areas away  from human habitations. At present, environment pollution                             greatest (a) ------------------------  in Bangladesh. There are various types of pollutions such (b) ---------------------------  air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. Though it is wide spread, the urban areas are badly (c) ------------------------------------  with it. Unplanned industrialization, wastage (d) ----------------------  mills and factories, faulty vehicles and construction sites are the main (e) -------- ---------  of pollution. To get rid (f) ----------------------  all types of pollutions, some fruitful steps must be (g) -------- --------- . Firstly, to reduce air pollution, faulty and old vehicles must be avoided. On the other (h) ----------------- ----- , we can minimise water and soil pollution by proper management of all (i) -------------------------  of wastage including industrial garbage. Finally, general people must be made (j) ---------------------------  of the adverse consequences of environment pollution. 4.           Match the pints of the sentences in column A, B and C to write four complete sentences :1x4=4 Read the lowing text carefully and—answer the questions no. 5 and 6 : It was Autumn, August 26, 1910. A little girl was born to an Albanian descent, rich catholic merchant's family in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, who had known that this tiny, little girl would one day become the servant of humanity—would love and serve the poorest of the poor and become the mother of humanity. Yes we are talking about none other than Mother Teresa. At the age of 12, she heard a voice from within her that urged her to spread the love of Christ. She decided that she would be a missionary. At the age of 18 she left her parental home. She then joined an Irish Community of nuns called the Sisters of Loreto, which had missions in India. After a few months of training at the institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, Mother Teresa came to India. On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. • From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught Geography and theology at St. Mary's high school in Kolkata. However, the prevailing poverty in Kolkata had a deep impact on Mother Teresa's mind, and in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent and devote herself to work among the poorest of the poor in the slums of Kolkata. 5.           Complete the table below with the information from the passage:                                  0.5x6=3 6.Write a summary of the above passage in your own words.                                                   5 Writing Part (Marks-20) 7.Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on "A School Library".                        8 (a) What is a school library? (b) What kinds of books are there in your library? (c) What is the use of your school library? (d) How can you use your school library? 8.Suppose, you are Salam/Salma living at Patenga, Chottogram. Your friend Sumon/Sumona lives at Himchori, Cox's bazar. Recently you have visited his/her house and stayed there for two days. Now, write an e-mail to him/her thanking-his/her family members for their hospitality.                                                                                                                                 7 9.Suppose, you are Ebad and your friend is Rifa. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about tree plantation.                                                                                                       5 Cumilla Board-2022 First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 "1 (N.B.—The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.) Part A—Reading [Test Marks-30] Read the passage, then answer the questions no. 1 and 2 :- "Today there are many jobs where you need English. This is because the world has become smaller. Vast distances are shortened by speedy transports. We can talk to a person thousands of kilometers away on the phone or the Internet. So, we can communicate with the whole world easily. English has made this communication easier. There are many countries in the world with many languages, but to communicate with them, you cannot use all the languages. So you need a common language that you can use with more or less all the people in the world. English is that common language. You can talk to a Chinese toy maker, a French artist, an Arab ambassador or a Korean builder in one language —English. English for us in Bangladesh is all the more important. As we have seen earlier, we are too many people in a small country. So if you learn English, you have the best opportunity to find a good job, both within and outside the country. And that is good news for millions of our unemployed youths." "But Miss, we learh English for 12 or 14 years, yet we do not find good jobs, " says Rumi. She then tells the class about what happened to her brother. "Could you please tell us why?" Rumi asks. "This is a very important question, Rumi. We should learn how to use English both orally and in writing for doing things as needed in our work, such as communicating with others at personal, social, national and international levels. But unfortunately, at the moment we are learning English mainly for our exams," continues Ms Choudhury. "Remember, English can greatly help you become skilled workers." "But where and how can we learn such kind of English, Miss?" asks Ratan. Ms Choudhury ays, "We can learn English both in and outside the classroom. Besides your textbooks, the radio, television, newspapers, magazines, computers and other suppleinentary materials will greatly help you. During our classroom activities, we'll see how we can learn English." 1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives :                                                   , 1x5=5 (a)        In the given text- "The world has become smaller" means * (I) The world's area is decreasing (ii) The world has become small (iii) Easy communication systems shorten the distances (iv) The world's land area is getting smaller (b)        An 'ambassador' is ---------- (i) a businessman (ii) an athlete (iii) a banker (iv) an official messenger sent to a foreign country to represent his/her country (c)        The word 'supplementary' used in the text means----------- (i) new (ii) secondary (iii) extra (iv) primary (d)        Which of the following is true? (i) The Internet widens the distances (ii) English is a medium of rapid communication (iii). One can use any language in any country to communicate (iv) English has not made communication easier (e)        The word 'opportunity' stands for------------ (i) opening (ii) chance (iii) offer (iv) oppose 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                               2x4=8 (a)    Describe briefly the things that have made the present world smaller. (b)    Why is a common language needed in today's world? Write in about 2/3 sentences. (c)    Why is English needed all the more in Bangladesh? (d)    Flow can our youths become a skilled workforce? 3. Read the following text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text:                                                                                                                            0.5x10=5 Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources. In Bangladesh poisonous exhausts from industrial plants, brick kilns, old or poorly serviced vehicles and dust from roads and construction sites are some of the major sources of air pollution. We can reduce this type of pollution by making less use of motor vehicles and avoiding the use of vehicles older than 20 years. We may also use proper lubricants to leSsen the, level of emission and pollutants. We can encourage people to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) fbr fuelling their cars. The government may relocate hazardous industries like brick kilns to areas away from human habitations. Air is the most important (a) ------------------------  of human environment. Man cannot (b) --------------------  a single moment (c) ---------------  air. But we do not (d) ------------------  that it is we who (e) ------------------  this most vital element. For the (f) ----------------------  of air pollution we should avoid the use of vehicles (g) -- ---------- than 20 years. People can be (h) ---------------  to use CNG or LPG for fuelling their (i) --------------- --. Thus air pollution can be (j) ----------------  to some extent. 4.       Match the Darts of the sentences in Column A. B and C to write four eomnlete sentences 1)64.4 Read the following passage about 'Mother Teresa' and answer the questions no. 5 and 6 : It was late summer, 26 August 1910. A little girl was born to a rich catholic merchants' family of Albanian descent in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Who could imagine at the time that this little girl would one day become the mother of humanity, loving and serving the poorest of the poor. Yes, we are talking about none other than Mother Teresa. At the age of 12, she heard a voice from within that urged her to spread the love of Christ. She decided that she would be missionary. At the age of 18, she left her parental home. She then joined an Irish community of nuns called the sisters of Loreto, which had mission in India. After a few months of training at the institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, Mother Teresa came to India. On may 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught geography and theology at St. Mary's High. School in Kolkata (then Calcutta). However, the widespread poverty in Kolkata, had a deep impact on Mother Teresa and in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent and devote herself to caring for the poorest of the poor in the slums of Kolkata. 6.            Write a summary of the above passage in your own words. Part B—Writing Test [Marks-201 7.         Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'Water Pollution':                               8 (a) Why is water called life? (b) How is water being polluted by humans? (c) How do industrial plants pollute water? (d) What measures should be taken to prevent water pollution? 8.         Suppose, you are Helal/Helen. Your friend Labib/Labiba wanted to know from you about your preparation for the coming S.S.0 examination. Now, write an e-mail to him/her telling about your preparation for the S.S.0 examination. Your friend's e-mail id is inspiration99@ gmail.com.                                                                                                                                  7 9.         Suppose, you are Masum/Masuma. You have a friend named Liton/Luna who does not rise early in the morning. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about the importance of early rising.                                                                                                                             5 Rajshashi Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.] Part A—Reading Test [Marks-30] Read the passage and answer the questions 1 and 2 : In the next class Ms. Choudhury tells her students the story of Lipi. The year before last, Lipi, a 14-years old girl was in class nine in a rural school in Rangpur. Lipi is the eldest of five children—three daughters and two sons. Their father is a day labourer working on other people's land and mother is a homemaker and a part-time worker at other people's homes. The parents, particularly the mother, found it real difficult to raise five children on the small income the father could earn. Perhaps that is why Lipi's father wanted to marry her off. But Lipi was not ready to accept what her parents wanted to impose on her. She wanted to pursue her education. Her mother stood by her, though secretly. When her father arranged her marriage with Tara Mia, the only son of a farmer in the same village, she became greatly upset. Tara Mia was a widower-illiterate, but well-off. His father had a few acres of arable land and was influential in the village. The marriage seemed to be inevitable. 1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives :                                                    1x5=5 (a)        Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'impose'? (i) appear (ii) set (iii) enforce (iv) rely (b)        Lipi had-------------- siblings. (i) two (ii) three (iii) four (iv) five (c)        Which of the following words describes Lipi's father best? (i) jobless (ii) indolent (iii) widower (iv) insolvent (d)        Which of the following best describes Lipi's stand on her marriage? (i),She was much interested in her marriage. (ii) She requested her parents to many her off. (iii) She was not willing to get married. (iv) Her father wanted Lipi to continue her studies. (e)        What is the author's main purpose behind writing the passage? (i) To focus on the life of rural women. (ii) To depict the condition of our rural society. (iii) To show the consequence of early marriage. (iv) To focus on the poor girls' fate in our villages. 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                              2x4=8 (a)        What do you know about Lipi? (b)        How was the financial condition of Lipi's family? (e) Why was Lipi's father going to marry her off at an early age? (d) Why did Lipi become greatly upset? Read the following text and answer the questions no. 3 and 4 :  Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources : renewable and non-renewable. Hydrocarbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc. are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as,wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text:                           0.5x10=5 People (a) -----------------------  the world are habituated to using two major types of energy sources. They are (b) ---------------------------  as renewable and non-renewable. Non-renewable energy sources are very harmful (c) ---------------  our nature. (d) -------------------------  they are burnt, they produce different types of pollutants which are very (e) --------------------  for our environment. These kinds of energy sources are (0 --------------  With the passage of time they will be (g) ----------------------  and very expensive. They are also (h) -------------  for global warming. (i) --------------------  the other hand, renewable energy sources are very (j) -------------  and environment friendly. 4. Match the parts of sentences given in column 'A"B' and 'C' to write four complete sentences : 1x4=4 5. Read the passage from the text and complete the following table with information from the passage :            0.5x6=3 It was late summer, 26 August 1910. A little girl was born to a rich Catholic merchants' family of Albanian descent in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Who could imagine at the time that this little girl would one day become the mother of humanity, loving and serving the poorest of the poor? Yes, we are talking about none other than Mother Teresa. At the age of 12, she heard a voice from within that urged her to spread the love of Christ. She decided that she would be a missionary. At the age of 18 she left her parental home. She then joined an Irish community of nuns called the sisters of Loreto, which had missions in India. After a few months of training at the institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, Mother Teresa came to India. On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught geography and theology at St. Mary's High School in Kolkata (then Calcutta). However, the widespread poverty in Kolkata had a deep impact on Mother Teresa and in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent and devote herself to caring for the poorest at the poor in the slums of Kolkata. For her contribution to humanity, she was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1979. She died at the age of 87, on 5 September. 1997. Biography of Mother Teresa 6. Write a mammary of the above passage in your own words.                                                           5 Part B—Writing [Marks-201 7. Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'A Book Fair': (a)  What is a book fair? (b)  What types of books are available in the fair? (c)  How is the environment of the fair? (d)  What is the importance of a book fair? 8. Suppose, you are Samin/Samina living at Rupnagar, Narayangonj. You have a friend named Joy/Joya living at Sonapur, Chattogram: He/She does not read the newspaper daily. Now, write an e-mail to him/her describing the importance of reading newspaper.                            7 9. Suppose, you are Bakul and your friend is Nayon. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend on the benefits of early rising.                                                                                          5 Jashore Board 2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N.B."The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] Part A—Reading Test [Marks-301 Read the passage and answer the questions below nos. 1 and 2 : Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of green house gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years, the carbon dioxide concentration hag' been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal. Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Nowadays, about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated worldwide by humans. Moreover, we are strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver Oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests. 1.      Choose the correct answer from the alternatives :                                                            1x5=5 (a)        Cutting down trees is called-------------- (i) afforestation (ii) industrialisation (iii) glorification (iv) deforestation (b)        Greenhouse effect is strengthened by-------- (i) Planting trees (ii) afforestation (ill) erosion of soil (iv) destruction of forests (c)        Trees absorb--------- (i) carbon dioxide (ii) Oxygen (iii) methane (iv) Hydrogen (d)        Natural gas is a kind of----------- (i) fossil fuel (ii) toxic substance (iii) harmful gas (iv) crude oil (e)' Who are mainly responsibe for green house effect ------------ (i) wild animals (ii) plants (iii) Humans (iv) acquatic life 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                               2x4=8 (a)        How does the loss of forests cause dual problems? (b)        What should we do to control the increase of greenhouse gases? (c)         How do forests help us? (d)        Can man influence the climate? How? Read the passage and answer the following questions nos. 3 and 4: May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day. On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday. Two days later, a workers rally was held near the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and about 6000 workers joined it. The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give into their bosses. At one point of the rally, some strikebreakers started leaving the meeting place. The strikers went down the street to bring them back. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers. One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were seriously wounded and many others were injured. The events of May 1, 1886 are a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working condition, better pay and better lives. 3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words based on the information of the text:                          0.5x10=5 May Day is a red-letter day in the (a) -----------------  of the working class people all over the (b) ------------- -. This day reminds (c) ------------------  of the valiant struggle of the (d) ---------------  with a view to fulfilling their rightful demands. On this day in 1886, the workers went on (e) ---------------------------  demanding an eight-hour workday. As a part of their (f) -------------------------- , they also brought out a rally. At one point, police fell upon the (g) --------------------------  and attacked them with clubs and revolvers. As a result, one striker was mercilessly (h) ----------------------  and many others were (i) ---------------  badly. Now the day is observed (j) ---------- . 4. Match the parts of sentences in column A, B and C to write four complete sentences.                         1x4=4 Read the passage and answer the questions below it nos. 5 and 6: Steven Paul Jobs (24 February 1955-5 October 2011), most popularly known as Steven Jobs was the Co-founder, Chairman and Chief Executive officer of Apple Inc. He was the pioneer of the personal computer revolution. He was famous for his career in the electronic field of computers and consumers. This became possible through the marketing of Apple Computers. In 1985, Jobs left Apple after losing a power battle with the board of directors. He then founded NeXT, a Computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business market. Apple, however failed to bring up any new operating system during Job's absence. Jobs returned to Apple as an adviser and took control of the company as an interim CEO. By 1998 Jobs brought Apple back to profitability from the verge of bankruptcy. He supervised the development of iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad. These devices are so simple and user friendly that even a child can operate them. 5. Complete the table below with the information from the passage:                                        0.5x6=3 Steven Jobs 6. Summarize the passage in your own words.                                                                                                 5 Part B--Writing Test [Marks-20] 7. Write a paragraph on 'Early Rising' answering the following questions:                                                      8 (a)                   What do you mean by early rising? (b)                   What facilities can an early riser get? (c)                    How does nature look early in the morning? (d)                   What opportunities does a late riser lose? (e)                    How can you form the habit of early rising? 8. Suppose, you are Rana/Rina of Rangpur and your friend is Moon/Minu who lives in lihulna. Now, write an e-mail to your friend describing the importance of reading newspaper.                           7 9. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about your preparation for the coming examination.                                                                                                                                            5 Sylhet Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N. B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] Part A—Reading Test [Marks-30] Read the passage. Then answer the questions No. 1 and 2 : LET'S SAVE OUR PLANET! Everyone must play a part in protecting the environment. There are many things you can do on your own everyday to help save the planet. Here are some suggestions. REDUCE! Really, the best thing we can do for the planet is to use its resources properly. Our unplanned activities are mainly responsible for the environmental crisis. Here are some questions you can ask yourself before buying something, "Do I really need this?" or "Is there another product which would do the same thing but is more sustainable?" Or ask the question, "Will this last a long time?" Some other questions may be, "Do I know how this item was made, how it will be used and how it will be disposed of?" REUSE! What do you think of using your own ceramic cup or mug at your school or local club? It means there are no plastic cups to throw away. You can wash it and reuse it everyday. Unfortunately, we are encouraged to buy a new "improved" item even if the one we have can be repaired or reused. When we buy things, we should buy those that are durable; we should use them properly, and have them repaired when necessary. If we practise this, many things will not only last a life-time, but also be passed on for future use. However, if something is truly unuseable for its original purposes, try to be more creative and think of how else it might be used. When you're done with it, think of whethei 'someone else might be able to use it. You can donate some of the things to the poor. You may also sell some of your used items through personal advertisements in a local newspaper or in social media. RECYCLES Rather than throwing an item out when neither you nor anyone else can make use of it, have it recycled. And if recycling is not possible, it is better to send goods to a landfill or have them burned up. Find out what types of materials can be recycled in your area. Clean and sort the materials before putting them out in the bin. Recycling your drink and food cans means there will be less trash in a resource recovery facility or landfill. Moreover, a company can use the old cans to make new ones. 1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives                                                      1x5=5 (a)        The word 'recovery' refers to----------- (i) get back (ii) achieve (iii) getting (iv) find (b)        We should try to be more creative and think of--------------- (i) how else it might be used (ii) where it may be used (iii) how it was made (iv) when it is used (c)        Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'encouraged'? (i) disheartened (ii) discussed (iii) made interested (iv) barred (d)        What is the purpose of reduce, reuse, recycle? (i) to buy best things (ii) to save the earth (iii) to use things properly (iv) to save the money and energy (e)        If recycling is impossible --------- (i) we should donate it (ii) we should sell it (iii) we should preserve it (iv) we should send it to a landfill or burn up 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                             2x4=8 (a)        Whom does the author blame for the environmental crisis? (b)        How many questions can you ask yourself before buying the things? (c)         Why is it necessary to save our planet? (d)        Do you think recycling can contribute to the development of our country? How? Read the following text and answer the questions no. 3 and 4 : May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day.           . On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday. Two days later, a workers' rally was held near the McCormick Harvester Machine Company and about 6000 workers joined it. The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give in to their bosses. At one point of the rally, some strike breakers started leaving the meeting place. The strikers went down the street to bring them back. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers. One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were seriously wounded and many others were injured. 'The events of May 1, 1886 are a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up I and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. 3.         Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text.                    0.5x10=5 The world observes the May Day in (a) -------------------  of the struggle and great (b) -----------------  of the working people on May 1, 1886. For their great struggle and sacrifice workers now can (c) --------------- -----  an eight hours workday. May 1, 1886 has been (d) ---------------------  as a public holiday in (e) -----------  all the countries of the world. The workers had to work (f) -------------------  hours or more a day (g) ----------------  the May 1, 1886. It (h) -----------------  the workers that they cannot get rid of (i) ------------ ---------  if they do not stand up and speak out to gain their (j) -------------------- 4.         Match the parts of sentences given in column      'B' and 'C' to write four complete sentences : 1x4=4 Read the following text and answer the questions no. 5 and 6 : It was late summer, 26 August 1910. A little girl was born to a rich Catholic merchants' family of Albanian descent in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings and was named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Who could imagine at the time that this little girl would one day become the mother of humanity, loving and serving the poorest of the poor. Yes, we are talking about none other than Mother Teresa. At the age of 12, she heard a voice from within that urged her to spread the love of Christ. She decided that she would be a missionary. At the age of 18 she left her parental home. She then joined an Irish community of nuns called the Sisters of Loreto, which had missions in India. After a few months of training at the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin, Mother Teresa came to India. On May 24, 1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948, Mother Teresa taught geography and theology at St. Mary's High School in Kolkata (then Calcutta). However, the widespread poverty in Kolkata had a deep impact on Mother Teresa and in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to leave the convent and devote herself to caring for the poorest of the poor in the slums of Kolkata. 5. Complete the following table with the_information even in the passage:                                             0.5x6=3 6. Write a summary of the above passages your own words.                                                                            5 Part B—Writing Test [Marks 20] 7. Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on "A Village Fair You Experienced".                         8 (a)                     Where and when is a village fair usually held? (b)                     Who come to the fair and why? (c)                     When did you visit a fair and who were with you? (d)                     What did you do there? (e)                     Who enjoyed the most and why? (f)                      What is the role of a village fair in our economy? 8. Imagine, you are Salam/Salma. Robin/Runa is your best friend. You are going for a picnic. Now, write an email to your friend inviting him/her to join the picnic with you using his/her email address. 9. Suppose, you  are Limon/Lima. Your friend Milon/Maliha wants to know about Digital Bangladesh. Now, write, a dialogue between you and your friend about Digital Bangladesh.                  5 Barisal Board-2022 [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N. B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks] Part—A: Reading Test [Marks-30] Read the passage below and answer questions no. 1 and 2 : Meherjan lives in a slum on the Sirajgonj Town Protection Embankment. Her polythene-roofed shelter looks like a cage. She is nearly 45 but looks more than her age. In front of her shelter, she is trying to make a fire to cook the day's only meal. Her weak hands tremble as she adds some fallen leaves and straw to the fire. The whispering wind from the river Jamuna makes the fire unsteady. The dancing flames remind Meherjan of the turmoil in her life. Not long ago Meherjan had everything—a family, cultivable land and cattle. The erosion of the Jamuna gradually consumed all her landed property. It finally claimed her only shelter during the last monsoon. It took the river only a day to devour Meher's house, trees, vegetable garden and the bamboo bush. She had a happy family once. Over the years, she lost her husband and her family to diseases that cruel hunger and poverty brought to the family. Now, she is the only one left to live on with the loss and pain. The greedy Jamuna has shattered her dreams and happiness. There are thousand others waiting to share the flame fate like Meherjan. Bangladesh is a land of rivers, some of whose banks overflow or erode during monsoon. Erosion is a harsh reality for the people lix.ring along the river banks. During each monsoon many more villages are threatened by the mighty rivers like the Jamuna, the Padma and the Meghna. It is estimated that river erosion makes at least 100,000 people homeless every year in Bangladesh. In fact, river erosion is one of the main dangers caused by climate change. If we can't take prompt actions to adapt to climate change, there will be thousands of more Meherjans in our towns and villages every year. 1.      Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives :                                               1x5=5 (i)         Meherjan's hands are trembling because------------ (a) she is tired (b) she is exhausted (c) she is frightened (d) she is feeble (ii)        River erosion is the effect of----------- (a) climate change (b) environment pollution (c) natural disaster (d) cyclone (iii)      Before the erosion of the river, Meherjan was----------- (a) well off (b) sad (c) unhappy (d) healthy (iv)       The dancing flames remind Meherjan of the turmoil in her life. Here 'dancing' means-- . (a) jumping (b) unstable (c) glittering (d) bright (v)        River banks erode (a) throughout the year (b) in one season (c) in two seasons (d) in three seasons 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                             2x4=8 (a)        How was Meherjan's life earlier? (b)        Why are many more villages in the threat of erosion? (c)         Where does Meherjan live? (d)        Why does the writer call the Jamuna greedy? Read the following text and answer questions no. 3 and 4: Fish population is in serious danger from global warming. Climate change is increasing the water temperature in rivers, lakes and seas. This means there is less food and oxygen available for fish. It also means the fish may not grow fully and may have fewer offsprings. Some fishes will become extinct if temperatures rise even by one or two degrees celsius. Climate change increases the presture on fish population. Fishes are one of the world's most valuable biological assets. Forty percent of people in the world eat fish as their main source of protein. If we fail to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we will increase the pressure on fish. As a result, people who depend on fish will suffer from hunger and poverty. 3. Read the above text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text:                                                                                                                                0.5x10=5 Global warming is causing serious threat to fish population. It is climate change which is the cause of the (a) -------------------------------  of water temperature in rivers, lakes and seas. For this reason, available food and oxygen for fish in these water (b) -------------------  will be less than (c) -------------- . For the same reason, the (d) ---------------  of fish may not be full and offspring's may not be (e) ----------------- So the pressure on fish population is (f) ----------------------  due to climate change. Fishes are one of the world's most (g) ----------------  biological assets. The (h) -------------------  of people in the world eating fish as their main source of protein is 40%. In case of our (i) -------------------------  to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the pressure on fish will be increased and coasequently people (j) -----------------------  on fish will suffer from hunger and poverty. 4. Match the parts of the sentences in column A, column B and column C to write four complete sentences:                                                                                                                          1x4=4 Read the passage below and answer questions no. 5 and 6 : May Day or International Workers' Day is observed on May 1 all over the world today to commemorate the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working people to establish an eight-hour workday. It is a public holiday in almost all the countries of the world. Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US, the workers in mills and factories had been working a long shift, fourteen or even more hours a day. On May 1st in 1886, inspired by the trade unions, half of the workers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in Chicago went on strike demanding an eight-hour workday. Two days later, a workers' rally was held near the McCormick Harvester Machine Company and about 6000 workers joined it. The rally was addressed by the labour leaders. They urged the workers to stand together, to go on with their struggle and not to give in to their bosses. At one point of the rally, some strikebreakers started leaving the meeting place. The strikers went down the street to bring them back. Suddenly about 200 policemen attacked them with clubs and revolvers. One striker was killed instantly, five or six others were seriously wounded and many others were injured. The events of May 1, 1886 are a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. 5. Complete the following table with information from the passage above.                               0.5x6=3 International Workers' Day 6. Write a summary of the above passage in your own words. Part B—Writing Test [Marks--201 7. Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'The life of a Farmer' :                      1x8=8 (a)  Who is a farmer? (b)  When does he start his 'daily work? (c)  How does he lead his life? (d)  What is his contribution to the nation? (e)  How can we improve his condition? 8. Suppose, you are Tomal/Toma. Your father is Abu Sayeed and he lives in the USA. He wants to know about your preparation for the SSC examination. Now, write an e-mail to your father informing him about your preparation for the SSC examination.                                               7 9.             Suppose, you are Monir/Monira, a student of class X. Your friend, Zahid/Zeba wants to know about your aim in life. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about your aim in life.                                                                                                                                             5 Chattogram Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks--50 [\.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.] Part A—Reading Test [Marks-301 Read the passage and answer the questions no. 1 & 2 : Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydrocarbon 'or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal. gas etc. are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth's environment causing global warming. In contrast, renewable energy sources such as, wind, solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes from either directly or indirectly from the Sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses. The sun's heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun's heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapour turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy. Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as fire wood, alcohol, etc. identified as bioenergy. Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements. Such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity. Our Earth's interior contains molten lava which gives off extreme heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be tapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity for heating homes etc. Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean's force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as energy source too.. 1.      Choose the correct answers from the following alternatives :                                             1x5=5 (a)     The word 'rely' stands for in the passage: (i) Separate (ii) Depend (iii) Combine (iv) Help (b)     What will not eventually run out? (i) Oil (ii) Fossil fuels (iii) Solar power (iv) Petroleum (c)     Hydrogen and Oxygen help to form-------------- (i) fuel (ii) oil (iii) ice (iv) gas (d)     Which energy is not related with the sunlight? (i) Geothermal energy (ii) Wind energy (iii) Hydroelectric energy (iv) Ocean energy (e)     Which is not a renewable energy? (i) Wind energy (ii) Solar energy (iii) Fossil energy (iv) Geothermal energy 2. Answer the following questions:                                                                                                2x4=8 (a)        What is a renewable energy? (b)        Why is a renewable energy more advantageous than a nonrenewable energy? (c)         Why is electric energy necessary for us? (d)        How can the ocean be a source of energy? 3. Read the following text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text: 26 March, our Independence Day, is the biggest state festival. The day is celebrated every year in the country with enthusiasm and fervour. It is national holiday. All offices, educational institutions, shops, and factories remain closed on the day. The day begins with a 31 gun salute. 6. Summarize the above text in your own words.                                                                                  5 Early in the morning the President and the Prime Minister on behalf of the nation place floral wreaths at the National Mausoleum at Savar. Then other leaders, political parties, diplomats, social and cultural organizations, educational institutions and freedom fighters pay homage to the martyrs. People from all walks of life also go there in rallies and processions. There are many cultural programmers throughout the day, highlighting the heroic struggle and sacrifice in 1971. In Bangabandhu National Stadium, school children, scouts and girl guides take part in various displays to entertain thousands of spectators. Educational institutions also organize their individual programmes. Sports meets and tournaments are also organized on the day, including the exciting boat race in the river Buriganga. In the evening, all major public buildings are illuminated with colourful lights. Bangla Academy, Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy and other sociocultural organizations hold cultural functions. Similar functions are also arranged in other places in the countiy. Questions : 26 March is (a) ---------------------  important for the Bengali nation. People celebrate the day every year becoming very (b) ---------------------- . As it is a national holiday, all offices do not remain (c) ---------------  on the day. All the higher officials of the state offer wreaths of (d) ----------------------------  at National Mausoleum at Savar. People (e) ------------------------------  of cast and creed proceed with rallies and processions. People show respect to the heroic figures who (f) ------------------------  their lives in 1971. The audience get (g) ----------------  in Bangabandhu National Stadium by the participants. All the offices' both govt. and non-govt. (h) ------------------ --- flags on their buildings and (i) --------------------------  them with colourful lights. Thus, the whole of the country wears a 0) ------------------  look. 4. Match the parts of the sentences in column A, B and C to write four correct statements: 1x4=4 Read the passage below an answerthe questions no. 5 & 6 : Zainul Abedin was born in Kishoregonj on 29 December, 1914. He spent most of his childhood near the scenic banks of the Brahmaputra river. The river and the open nature inspired him from his early life. The Brahmaputra later appeared in many of his paintings and remained a great source of inspiration throughout his career. As his tribute to the river Brahmaputra, he drew a series of water colour paintings in this regard. This helped him earn Governor's Gold medal in all India Exhibition in 1938. This was the first time when he came under spot light and this award gave Abedin the confidence to create his own visual style. Abedin got admitted to the Government School of Art in Calcutta (Now Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata, India). Here he learned European academic style for five years. Later he joined the faculty of the same school after his graduation. He was the first muslim student to obtain first class with distinction from the school. In 1951, Zainul went to London to study at Slade School of Art for two years. From the dissatisfaction of oriental style and the limitations of European academic style, he was attracted to realism. After his return from, he started a new style called, Bengali Style. Therefore, he went back to nature, rural life and the daily struggles of men to make art that would be realistic but modern in appearance. 5. Complete the table below with the information from the text.                                                 0.5x6=3 Part B—Writing Test [Marks-20) 7. Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'COVID-19'.                                               8 (a) What is 'COVID-19'? (b) What are the symptoms of it? (c)  How does it spread? (d)  What is the treatment of it? (e)  How can we prevent this virus? 8.         Suppose, you are Robin/Jerin and you are living in the hostel far away from your home. Your parents are anxious about your preparation for the forthcoming SSC exam. Now, write an email to pacify them regarding your preparation for the exam.                                                   7 9.         Suppose, you are Tomal/Jesiica. Your friend's father has fallen in a road accident recently. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about road accidents and how to prevent it.                                                                                                                                                 5 Dinajpur Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 20221 Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N. B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.) Part A—Reading Test [Marks-301 Read the passage. Then answer the questions below. Human can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun. But they can control the increase in the amount of green-house gases and its effect on the atmosphere. Only during the last hundred years the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere and we humans can be held responsible for this. The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere.is the burning of fossil fuels. Since the end of the 19th century, industrial activities increased rapidly giving rise to many factories. These factories required energy, which was produced through the combustion of coal% Besides coal, other sources of energy such as mineral oil and natural gas were also burned to heat our houses, run cars and airplanes or to produce electricity. Now-a-days about 85 million barrels of crude oil are burned daily. Every time a fossil raw material is burned, it releases carbon dioxide into the air. Therefore, it is clear that more and more greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are being generated world-wide by humans. Moreover, we are also strengthening the greenhouse effect by deforestation, which means cutting down trees. Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by people to obtain wood and to clear regions for mining and to create pasture. This loss of the forest causes dual problems. Trees that are burned up release large volumes of carbon dioxide gas into the air. On the other hand, as forests absorb a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and deliver oxygen instead, we also destroy an important storehouse of carbon dioxide when we clear forests. 1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives                                                      1x5=5 (a)        Which of the period describes the beginning of the rapid industrialization? (i) The start of the 19th century (ii) The end of the 18th century (iii) The start of the 18th century (iv) The end of the 19th century. (b)        What are the fossil fuels mentioned in the passage? (i) Coal (ii) Mineral oil (iii) Natural gas (iv) All the above. (c)        The word 'instead' mentioned in the passage means----------- (i) option (ii) choice (iii) as an alternative (iv) preference (d)        Trees transport----------- into the air. , (i) nitrogen (ii) oxygen (iii) hydrogen (iv) all (e)        The word combustion mentioned in the passage means----------- (i) kindling (ii) burning (iii) consummation (iv) flame 2. Answer the following questions : •                                                                                           2x4=8 (a)        Why can humans neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun? (b)        Describe how human beings are responsible for the increase in the greenhouse gases. (c)         What do you think the main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is? (d)        Why enormous areas of forests are destroyed by the people every year? Describe in brief. 3. Read the following text and fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text:                                                                                                                          0.5x10=5 "Today there are many jobs where you need English. This is because the world has become smaller. Vast distances are shortened by speedy transports. We can talk to a person thousands of kilometers away on the phone or "the internet. So we can communicate with the whole world easily. English has made this communication easier. There are many countries in the world with many languages, but to communicate with them, you cannot use all the languages. So you need a common language that you can use with more or less all the people in the world. English is that common language. You can talk to a Chinese toy maker, a French artist, an Arab ambassador or a Korean builder in one language—English. English, for us in Bangladesh, is all the more important. As we have seen earlier, we are too many people in a small country. So if'you learn English, you have the best opportunity to find a good job, both within and outside the country. And that is good news for millions of our unemployed youths." Globalization has made the world (a) ----------------------------  and so it requires a (b) ------------------  language for international communication. Now we can (c)-------------------------------- communication with a person thousands of kilometers away on the phone or the Internet. In fact, we can communicate with the whole world with absolute (d) ------------------------ . The lingua franca of the world is (e) --------------------- . English provides us with the (0 -------------------------  to pursue a good job. Being a densely (g) ------------------  country, Bangladesh is (h) --------------------------  with unemployment. Proficiency in (i) --------------------------------  may help (j ------------------ unemployment problem and bring economic development. 4.  Match the parts of sentences given in column A, B and C to write four complete sentences. 1x4=4 Read the following text carefully and answer the questions no. 5' an 6 : 21 February is observed as Shaheed Dibosh every year throughout the country in remembrance of the martyrs of language movement of 1952. The commemoration begins at the early hours of the day with morning songs that recall the supreme sacrifices of our language martyrs. People wear black badges and go to the Shaheed Minar in barefoot processions, singing mourning songs. They place wreaths at the Minar. Many of them visit the graves of the martyrs at Azimpur graveyard and pray for them. They also attend various programmes organized in remembrance of the language martyrs. The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) on 17 November in 1999 proclaimed February 21 as the International Mother Language Day in recognition of the sacrifices of the martyrs for the rightful place of Bangla. The day is now annually observed worldwide to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. 5. Complete the following table with the information from the passage :                                   0.5x6=3 6.Write a summary of the above passage in your own words.                                                               5 Part B—Writing Test [Marks-20] 7.Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'Water Pollution'. You should write it in about 150 words :                                                                                                                               8 (a)                What is water pollution? (b)                Why is water called life? (c)                What do you think about the, causes of water pollution? (d)                What are the effects and impacts of water pollution? (e)                What measures should we take to prevent water pollution? 8.Suppose, you are Ayan/Anni. You live in B-3/Gopalpur, Haji Mohammad Mohosin Road, Pabna. Your friend is Farhan/Farhana who is living in 13/B, Purana Palton, Dhaka-1216. Now, write an e-mail to your friend describing a road accident you have recently witnessed in your town. 9. Suppose, you are Shanta and your friend is Taslima. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about the merits and demerits of using mobile phone at teen-age.                                     5 Mymensingh Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Time-2 hours; Full marks-50 [N.B. The figures in the right margin indicate full marks.] Part A—Reading Test [Marks-301 Read the passage below and answer the questions no. 1 and 2 : Mother Teresa was moved by the sight of the sick and dying on the streets of Kolkata. She founded a home for the dying destitute and named it 'Nirmal Hriday', meaning 'Pure Heart'. She and her fellow nuns brought the dying people off the streets of Kolkata to this home. They were lovingly looked after and cared for. Since then many men, women and children have been taken from the streets and carried to Nirmol Hriday. These unloved and uncared for people get an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. In their last hours they get human and divine love, and can feel they are also children of God. The Missionaries of Charity try to find jobs for those who survive, or send them to homes where they can live happily for some more years in a caring environment. Regarding commitment to family, Mother Teresa said, "May be in our own family, we have somebody, who is feeling lonely, who is feeling sick, who is feeling worried. Are we there? Are we willing to give until it hurts in order to be with our families, or do we put our interest first? We must remember that love begins at home and we must also remember that future of humanity passes through the family". Mother Teresa's work has been recognised throughout the world and she received a number of awards. These include the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971), the Nehru Prize for Promotion of International Peace & Understanding (1972), the Balzan Prize (1978), the Nobel Peace Prize (1979) and the Bharat Ratna (1980). Mother Teresa died at the age of. 87, on 5 September 1997.The world salutes her for her love and compassion for humanity. She has taught us how to extend our hand towards those who need our love and support irrespective of creed, caste and religion. The picture of Mother Teresa, draped in a white and blue-bordered sari, with a wrinkled face, ever soft eyes and a saintly smile, lives on in our mind. 1.      Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives :                                               1x5=5 (a)        ---------- moved Mother Teresa. (i) The condition of working people on the streets (ii) The condition of dying people in her home (iii) The condition of ailing people on the streets (iv) The condition of sick people in the world (b)        Mother Teresa is a symbol of---------- (i) love and beauty (ii) kindness and honesty (iii) love and kindness (iv) cruelty and jealousy (c)        The word 'divine' means----------- (i) worldly (ii) social (iii) heavenly (iv) personal (d)        Mother Teresa smiled-------- (i) falsely (ii) sacredly (iii) sinfully (iv). impiously (e)        People all over the world have--------- the work of Mother Teresa. (i) appreciated (ii) ignored (iii) depreciated (iv) denied 2. Answer the following questions :                                                                                             2x4=8 (a)        For what purpose did Mother Teresa establish 'Nirmal Hriday'? (b)        Why did Mother Teresa emphasize on family? (c)         What does Mother Teresa teach us? (d)        How did the Missionaries of Charity help the people who survived? Read the following passage and answer questions no. 3 and 4 : "Today there are may jobs where you need English. This is because the world has become smaller. Vast distances are shortened by speedy transports. We can talk to a person thousands of kilometers away on the phone or the Internet. So we can communicate with the whole world easily. English has made this communication easier. There are many countries in the world with many languages, but to communicate with them, you cannot use all the languages. So you need a common language that you can use with more or less all the people in the world. English is that common language. You can talk to a Chinese toy maker, a French, artist, an Arab ambassador or a Korean builder in one language—English. English for us in Bangladesh is all the more important. As we have seen earlier, we are too many people in a small country. So if you learn English, you have the best opportunity to find a good job, both within and outside the country. And that is good news for millions of our unemployed youths." But Miss, we learn English for 12 or 14 years, yet we do not find good jobs," says Rumi. She then tells the class about what happened to her brother. "Could you please tell us why?' Rumi asks. "This is a very important question, Rumi. We should learn how to use English both orally and in writing for doing things as needed in our work, such as communicating with others at personal, social, national and international levels. But unfortunately, at the moment we are learning English mainly for our exams," continues Ms Choudhury. "Remember, English can greatly help you become skilled workers." "But where and how can we learn this kind of English, Miss?" asks Ratan. Ms Choudhury says, "We can learn English. both in and outside the classroom. Besides your text books, the radio, television, newspapers, magazines, computers and other supplementary materials will greatly help you. During our classroom activities, we'll see how we can learn English." 3.      Fill in each gap with a suitable word based on the information of the text: •                   0.5x10=5 Different languages are being (a) --------------------------  in different countries. But a common language is necessary for (b) ----------------  communication. For many (c) ----------------------  English has achieved the prestige (d) ---------------  that common language, So, it is very (e) ----------------------  for 'everyone to learn English. If we want to (f) -------------------  with other countries, there is no (g) ----------------------  of learning English. By learning English, we can easily (h) ----------------------  our unemployment problem. From the very (i) ------------ , a student should keep in mind that he has to learns English not only to (j) -------------- ------  the exams but also to communicate with others. 4. Match the parts of sentences given in column A. column B and column C to make four complete sentences : Read the following text and answer questions no. 5. and 6 : 21 February is observed as Shaheed Dibosh every year throughout the country in remembrance of the martyrs of Language Movement of 1952. The commemoration begins at the early hours of the day with mourning songs that recall the supreme sacrifices of our language martyrs. People wear black badges and go to the Shaheed Minar in barefoot processions, singing mourning songs. They place wreaths at the Minar. Many of them visit the graves of the martyrs at Azimpur graveyard and pray for them. They also attend various programmes organized in remembrance of the language martyrs. The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) on 17 November in 1999 proclaimed February 21 as the International Mother Language Day in recognition of the sacrifices of the martyrs for the rightful place of Bangla. The day is now annually observed worldwide to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism. 5. Complete the table below with information from the above passage :                                   0.5x6=3 About 21 February 6. Write a summary of the above passage in your own words.                                                            5 Part B—Writing Test [Marks-201 7. Write a paragraph on A Tea Stall by answering the following questions:                                        8 (a)  What is a tea stall? (b)  Where is it seen? (c)  What is sold there along with tea? (d)  How long does it remain open? (e)  Does a tea stall play an important role? If so, how? 8. Suppose, you are Habib/Habiba of Dhaka. You have a friend named Neel/Nila who lives in Jamalpwr. Your elder sister's wedding ceremony is going to be held next week. Now, write an e- mail to your friend inviting him/her to attend the wedding ceremony.                                                7 9. Suppose, you are Shamim/Shamima. Your friend is Rahim/ Rahima. You want to do something good for the people of your locality after your SSC Examination. Now, write a dialogue between you and your friend about your plan that you are going to materialize after the SSC Examination.                                                                                                                   5 Key to Board Questions-2022 Solution To Dhaka Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A 1.       (a) (ii) remember (b) (iii) lengthy (c) (iii) not to surrender to their bosses (d) (iii) Workers (e) (iv) adverse environment 2.       (a) May Day or International Workers' Day is observed now to pay tribute to the historical struggle and sacrifices of the working-class people to establish an eight-hour workday. (b)      The historic events of May 1st took place during the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the USA. (c)       The policemen behaved with the workers very badly during their protest. All on a sudden, they attacked the workers with clubs and revolvers. One striker died on the spot, five or six others were seriously wounded and many others were badly injured. (d)      The strike of the workers led by the trade unions at the McCormick Harvester Company in Chicago inspired the workers joining the protest. 3.       (a) problems (b) as (c) beset/infested (d) of (e) reasons/causes (f) of (g) taken/adopted (h) hand (i) sorts/kinds/types (j) aware/beware 4.       (a) Air pollution is the most dangerous form of pollution. (b) There are a number of reasons behind this pollution. (c)  Black smoke which is emitted from the vehicles is the main cause of it. (d) Immediate steps must be taken to control this pollution. 5.       (i) Macedonian (ii) was born (iii) Irish Community of nuns called the Sisters of Loreto (iv) 1931 (v) St. Mary's high school in Kolkata (vi) the prevailing poverty in Kolkata 6. Mother Teresa was born on 26 August; 1910 in Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings. She decided to be a nun only at 12. So, at 18, she left her parental home and joined Sisters of Loreto, an Irish Community of nun. Mother Teresa came to India taking training from Dublin. She started her life as a nun in 1931. The prevailing poverty of India made impact on her mind. She devoted herself to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkata in 1948. Cumilla Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A 1.       (a) (iii) Easy communication systems shorten the distances (b) (iv) an official messenger . sent to a foreign country to represent his/her country (c) (iii) extra (d) (ii) English is a medium of rapid communication (e) (ii) chance 2. (a) We can reach the most distant places of the world within a short time with the blessing of modern rapid transport system. We can also communicate with any person of the world using phone or internet. These have made the present world smaller. (b)      People in different countries use different languages. These people have to communicate with the people of other countries but none can understand others. This is why, a common language is needed in today's world, (c)       English is needed all the more in Bangladesh because we have a huge population in a small country. If we learn English, we may have the best opportunity to find a good job, both within and outside the country. (d)      Our youths can become a skilled workforce by learning English properly. 3.      (a) element (b) live/survive (c) without (d) realize/know/think/understand (e) pollute / are polluting/contaminate/are contaminating (I) reduction (g) older (h) encouraged/ inspired (i) cars/vehicles (j) controlled/reduced 4.      (a) Air is an important element of our environment. (b) Without air no living being can survive. (c)  But unfortunately we are polluting air in many ways. (d) So steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. 5.      (i) was born (ii) 1928 (iii) She (iv) at the institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Dublin (v) took initial vow (vi) taught geography and theology 6. Mother Teresa was born on 26 August, 1910 in Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings. She decided to be a nun only at 12. So, at 18, she left her parental home and joined Sisters of Loreto, an Irish Community of nun. Mother Teresa came to India taking training from Dublin. She started her life as a nun in 1931. The prevailing poverty of India made impact on her mind. She devoted herself to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkata in 1948. Solution-To Raishahl Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 20221 Part-A L       (a) (ii) enforce (b) (iii) four (c) (iv) insolvent (d) (iii) She was not willing to get married (e) (ii) To depict the condition of our rural society 2.      (a) I know Lipi is a student of class nine in a rural school in Rangpur. She is 14-years old and the eldest of five children of her parents. (b)      The financial condition of Lipi's family was not good as well as well off because her father was a day labourer and mother was a homemaker. (c)       Lipi's father was going to marry her off at an early age because he could not raise his five children on his small income. (d)      Lipi wanted to pursue her study. But her father arranged her marriage. So, she became greatly upset. 3.    (a) of (b) known (c) for (d) When (e) damaging (f) problems (g) run out/finished (h) responsible (i) On (j) safe/harmless 4.    (a) To generate electricity people of the world are burning a lot of oil, coal and gas everyday. (b)  One day these resources will be finished or run out.                                                  • (c)  But wind and sunlight are unlimited around the world. (d)  For the betterment of us, we should use solar energy as an alternative source. 5.      (i) 1997 (ii) was born (iii) left her parental home (iv) at St. Mary's High School in Kolkata (then Calcutta) (v) Vow as nun (vi) contribution to humanity 6. Mother Teresa was born on 26 August, 1910 in Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings. She decided to be a nun only at 12. So, at 18, she left her parental home and joined Sisters of Loreto, an Irish Community of nun. Mother Teresa came to India taking training from Dublin. She started her life as a nun in 1931. The prevailing poverty of India made impact on her mind. She devoted herself to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkata in 1948. SSC Jashore Board 2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A 1.     (a) (iv) deforestation (b) (iv) destruction of forests (c) (i) carbon dioxide (d) (i) fossil fuel (e) (iii) Humans 2. (a) The loss of forests causes dual problems. One is the releasing of a large volume of carbon dioxide gas into the air by burning down trees. The other is the destruction of an important carbon dioxide storehouse which absorbs a lot of carbon dioxide from the air and delivers oxygen instead of it. (b)      We should control the increasing amount of greenhouse gases by minimizing the burning of fossil fuels. Moreover, we should plant more trees to absorb greenhouse gases. (c)      Forests help us absorbing a lot of carbon dioxide and delivering oxygen. (d)      Yes, man can influence the climate. Human beings are burning coal, mineral oil and natural gas, destroying forests only for their own comfort. These activities are hampering the ecological balance of the environment. Thus they can influence climate. 3.     (a) history (b) world '(c) sacrifices (d) workers (e) strike (f) demand (g) strikers (h) killed (i) injured/wounded (j) worldwide 4. (a) May Day is observed to commemorate the workers' sacrifice in 1886. (b) The day is also called International Workers. Day. (c)  The workers had to work in mills and factories for quite a long time. (d) We enjoy the facilities today because of their struggle and sacrifice. 5.     (i) in 1955 (ii) Apple Inc (iii) in 1998 (iv) iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad (v) by 1998 (vi) died 6.  Steven Paul Jobs was the co-founder, chairman and chief executive of Apple Inc. He was the pioneer of the personal computer. He had to leave the company in 1985. But the Apple Inc. failed to bring up any new operating system. So, the company incurred great loss. When he returned to the company, it again came back to profitability. He supervised iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone and iPad. He died in 2011. Sylhet Board-2022 English First Riper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A 1.     (a) (i) get back (b) (i) how else it might be used (c) (iii) made interested (d) (ii) to save the earth (e) (iv)we should send it to a landfill or burn up 2 (a) The author blames the users of the society for the environmental crisis. (b)           We can ask ourselves many questions before buying the things. At first I shall ask if it is necessary for me. Then I ask if it is more sustainable. If the answer is in the affirmative, I must buy it. The answer to my question will be the best solution. (c)        Unless the planet is saved, our lives on earth will be totally impossible. We can hardly hope a peaceful and comfortable life without saving the planet. So, it is necessary to save our planet. (d)        Yes, I think recycling can contribute to the development of our country. It is because we can't produce more new things being a poor country. So, if we reuse something it must help in our economic growth. 3.     (a) memory/remembrance (b) sacrifice(s) (c) enjoy (d) declared (e) almost (f) fourteen (g) reminds (h) reminds (i) exploitation (j) rights 4. (a) May Day is known as International Workers Day. (b) The workers had to work fourteen or more hours a day at that time. (c)  They demanded an eight-hour workday and went on strike on 1 May 1886. (d) The police attacked them and so one striker was killed instantly. 5.     (i) serving (ii) Skopje, Macedonia/in a small town called Skopje, Macedonia (iii) joined (iv) Geography (v) Theology (vi) took initial vows as nun 6. Mother Teresa was born on 26 August, 1910 in Macedonia. She was the youngest of the three siblings. She decided to be a nun only at 12. So, at 18, she left her parental home and joined Sisters of Loreto, an Irish Community of nun. Mother Teresa came to India taking training from Dublin. She started her life as a nun in 1931. The prevailing poverty of India made impact on her mind. She devoted herself to work among the poor in the slums of Kolkata in 1948. Solution To Barishal Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022 Part-A 1.      (i) (d) she is feeble (ii) (a) climate change (iii) (a) well off (iv) (b) unstable (v) (b) in one season 2.      (a) Meherjan's life was very good as well as well off earlier. She had everything—a family, cultivable land and cattle. She lost everything due to river erosion. (b)      Bangladesh is a land of rivers, some of whose banks overflow or erode during monsoon. Erosion is a harsh reality for the people living along the river banks. So, many more villages are in the threat of erosion. (c)       Meherjan lives in a slum on the Sirajgonj Town Protection Embankment. She has a polythene-roofed shelter which looks like a cage. (d)      Helpless people like Meherjan lost everything through river erosion. The river Jamuna engulfs everything of the helpless people through river erosion. So, the writer calls the Jamuna greedy. 3.      (a) rise/increase (b) temperature (c) needed/necessary/requirement (d) growth (e) more (I) increasing (g) valuable/expensive (h) number (i) failure (j) depending/relying 4.      (a) Fish is regarded as the main source of protein of about 40% of people in the world. (b) Fish population is under pressure and serious danger due to global warming. (c)  Increasing temperatures will extinct some fishes very soon. (d) People depending on fish will suffer from lack of protein, hunger and poverty. 5.      (i) worked (ii) in Europe and the US (iii) Half of the workers (iv) joined the rally (v) near the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company (vi) About 200 policemen 6. May 1st is known as May Day and is observed all over the world as the international workers day. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, workers had to work up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In 1886, they started a new movement demanding a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday. On May 3, 1886 police fired into a crowd of strikers, killing at least one, seriously wounding five or six. All the privileges workers enjoy today came about due to their sacrifices. Chattogram Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 20221 Part-A 1.      (a) (ii) Depend (b) (iii) Solar power (c) (iii) ice (d) (i) Geothermal energy (e) (iii) Fossil energy 2. (a) A renewable energy is energy derived from natural sources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed. (b)      A renewable energy is more advantageous than a nonrenewable energy because it will never run out. Moreover, it does not cause global warming. (c)       Electric energy is necessary for us for heating and lighting homes and for commercial and industrial uses. (d)      The ocean with its tide and wave can be a source of energy. 3.      (a) very/so (b) enthusiastic (c) open (d) flowers (e) irrespective (f) sacrificed (g) entertained (h) hoist (i) illuminate (j) festive. 4. (a) We celebrate our independence day with great enthusiasm and fervour. (b) We pay homage to the martyrs by placing wreaths at national mausoleum. (c)  We witness a smartly dressed parade at the national parade ground. (d)  Spectators are entertained with various displays in Bangabandhu Stadium. 5.         (i) the Brahmaputra river (ii) inspired (iii) The river Brahmaputra/water colour paintings (iv) came under spot light (v) the Government School of Art in Calcutta (Now Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata, India) (vi) ttealism 6.         Zainul Abedin was born in Kishoregonj. The role of Brahmaputra was predominant all through his artistic works. He spent much of his childhood near the scenic beauty of the river Brahmaputra. He learned European academic style at the Government School of Art in Kolkata. He studied at Slade School of Art, London. However, his fascination towards realism soon faded him and he turned to nature, rural life as his themes of art. Solution To Dinajpur Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A 1.. (a) (iv) The end of the 19th century (b) (iv) All the above (c) (iii) as an alternative (d) (ii) oxygen (e) (ii) burning 2. (a) Humans can neither change the sun's radiation nor the earth's orbit around the sun because they are natural phenomena. But man can control the increase in the amount of greenhouse gases and its effect on the atmosphere. (b)      Humans are indiscriminately causing deforestation every year. So, the carbon dioxide concentration has been raised alarmingly in the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide causes greenhouse effects. This is why, human beings are responsible for the increase in the greenhouse gases. (c)       I think the main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels like coal, gas, mineral and oil. (d)      Every year enormous areas of forests are destroyed by the people. They do so in order to get wood and to clear regions for mining arid to create pasture. 3.                      (a) smaller (b) common (c) make/do (d) language/way (e) English (0 opportunity/chance (g) populated (h) burdened (i) English (j) our/solving 4.       (a) People need to communicate with others internationally. (b)  They require a common language for the purpose. (c)  English can serve the purpose more effectively than other languages. (d)  Therefore all cannot but learn and use English properly. 5.                           (i) observe/celebrate (ii) annually (iii) the supreme sacrifices of our language martyrs (iv) attend (v) February 21 (vi) on 17 November in 1999 6. February 21 is regarded as martyred day. Now it is a matter of great pleasure and prestige that the UNESCO has declared February 21 as the International Mother Language Day. Now the day is observed globally in recognition of the sacrifices of the martyrs for establishing the rightful place of Bangla. Bangalees are the only people who laid down their lives for the demand of mother tongue. It is surely a great tribute. So, we should uphold the spirit and upgrade our language. Solution To Mymensingh Board-2022 English First Paper [According to the Syllabus of 2022] Part-A L                                   (a) (iii) The condition of ailing people on the streets (b) (iii) love and kindness (c) (iii) heavenly (d) (ii) sacredly (e) (i) appreciated 2.. (a) Mother Teresa established 'Nirmal Hriday' for the sick and dying people lying on the streets of Kolkata to serve them. (b) Love begins at home and the future of humanity passes through the family. So, Mother Teresa emphasized on family. (c) Mother Teresa teaches us-that every man and woman should do something for others. (d) The Missionaries of Charity helped the people who survived by managing jobs for them. 3. (a) spoken/used (b) easy (c) reasons/causes (d) of (e) important / necessary / essential (f) communicate (g) denying (h) solve (i) beginning (j) pass 4. (a) Nowadays we can communicate with a person living anywhere in the world on the ' phone or the internet. (b)    But the language is not the same in all the countries. (c)     To communicate with anyone living anywhere we need a common language and that is English. (d)    One can have an opportunity to get a good job both inside and outside the country by learning English. 5. (i) the importance of Shaheed Dibosh/ the importance of International Mother Language Day (ii) with mourning songs (iii) in barefoot processions (iv) to pray for the language martyrs (v) Various programmes (vi) was proclaimed February 21 as the International Mother Language Day 6. February 21 is regarded as martyred day. Now it is a matter of great pleasure and prestige that the UNESCO has declared February 21 as the International Mother Language Day. Now the day is observed globally in recognition of the sacrifices of the martyrs for establishing the rightful place of Bangla. Bangalees are the only people who laid down - their lives for the demand of mother tongue. It is surely a great tribute. So, we should uphold the spirit and upgrade our language.

Key to SSC English First Paper Board Questions-2023 SSC English 1st Paper Dhaka Board-2023 1. a. iii) nationally; b. ii) President; c. iii) Martyred heroes; d. iii) Eagerness; e. i) independence was announced; f. ii) socio-cultural organization; g. iii) commence; h. ii) reverence; i. iv) national; j. iii) To highlight the celebration of 26 March. 2. (a) 26 March reminds us of the heroic struggle and sacrifice of the freedom fighters in 1971. (b) The nation observes 26 March to commemorate the heroic struggle and sacrifice of the martyrs and. freedom fighters in our War of Liberation as well as to celebrate our independence and victory. (c) 31 gunshots signify the tribute to the martyrs and freedom fighters of the Liberation War on behalf of the nation. It also indicates the beginning of the celebration of Independence Day. (d) The cultural programmes highlight the heroic struggle and sacrifice of our national heroes in 1971. (e) We pay homage to the martyrs by placing floral wreaths at the National Mausoleum located at Savar. From this passage, we become inspired to sacrifice our lives for the cause of the country. We are encouraged to defend the honour and dignity of our motherland at any cost. 3. (a) four; (b) off; (c) works; (d) difficult; (e) run/ maintain. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) 'Paradise Lost'; (ii) 1625-32; (iii) Cambridge University; (iv) passed MA; (v) his second wife died; (vi) in 1674. 6. The passage is about John Milton (1608 – 1674) who was one of the famous poets in English Literature. He was born in London. After completing MA from Cambridge University, he continued an unprofessional study at Horton. He married twice, but both of them died early. Though Milton completed his famous work `Paradise Lost' in 1664, it was published in 1667. By that time, he had already become blind. Mymensingh Board-2023 .1. a. iii) share; b. i) minds; C. ii) for our strong invisible bond; d. i) vagabond; e. ii) origin; f. ii) kith and kin; g. iii) a wild hurry to go somewhere; h. iii) To highlight the 'return to entity; i. i) bondage; j. ii) The pull of the roots. 2. (a) People rush for homes during the Eid vacation to meet their family relatives, in-laws or friends. This is nothing but desire to return to the roots. (b) Yes, human beings have roots but the), are not like trees. They are invisible. They lie in human minds. Their families, land of birth, relatives, culture, traditions and surroundings are their roots. (c) During Eid vacation, there is a mad rush to board different transports as many people go to different places almost at the same time. As a result, the transports are overcrowded during Eid vacations, and they sometimes meet. serious accidents. (d) Family and society play a vital role in human life. Without a family and society, a man becomes a non-entity and rootless. So, the role of the family and society is very significant in human life. E) The people who do not have roots are non-entity. They are rootless with no context. As they do not have their own identity, they become devoid of values, humanity, and social responsibilities. They have no destination and feel empty and void. (f) The power of roots refers to the invisible strength of the bond between us and. our family members, in-laws, friends, neighbours or even between us and the land where we were born and grew up. That's why, the invisible power of the bond pulls us to our roots wherever we stay and we always feel that. 3. (a) survive; (b) being; (c) daily; (d) reduction; (e) promote/encourage. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) 76; (ii) "A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Present Times"; (iii) 1968; (iv) Cambridge University; (v) became a victim of Gehrig's disease; (vi) the prestigious Albert Einstein award. 6. The passage is about Stephen Hawking king (1942 – 2018), the greatest Physicist after Einstein, who was born in England. In hisfamous book, he explained cosmology, and thus, established his reputation as a great scientist. In 1968, he received PhD in Cosmology from Cambridge University. Unfortunately, he was confined to a wheelchair due to Gehrig's disease, but it couldn't stop him from continuing his research till his death. In 1974, Hawking won the prestigious Albert Einstein Award. He was also a Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in Cambridge University since 1979. Cumilla Board-2023 1. a. iv) modern; b. iii) Proficient; c. ii) BAUM; d. i) Place of birth and its surroundings; e. iv) debt; f. iv) they are closely attached to their soil; g. ii) Commitment to the native land; h. iv) believes; i. ii) every; j. iv) should be self-employed. I (a) Obligation to the soil, that isi responsibility to the root made Mainul Islam come back to his village. (b) The specialty of the Islam family is that all of its members are living in their own village and they all have fame in their own fields. . (c) Mr. Mainul Islam and his brothers showed us that they have deep connection to their own roots. Thus, they may be model for us in showing how to be respectful of our own roots. (d) Yes, I do agree that every educated individual should not be a job seeker. It is because education does not prepare a person only to be an officer. An educated person should not only think of his or her own interests but also work for the betterment of his root. (e) Working in his own farm and living with family and friends help Mr Islam lead a pleasing life. (f) By this, Mainul Islam wants to mean that the educational qualifications he and his other family members have could easily help them settle in a city. 3. (a) regarded; b) observe; c) mourning; d) pay/show; e) barefooted. 4. Not included in the syllabus.           1 5. (i) passed his Entrance examination; (ii) the University of Dhaka; (iii) obtained his MA degree; (iv) "Bangla Shahitter Katha"; (v) Sorbonne University, Paris; (vi) on 13 July 1969. 6. The passage is about Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah (1885 – 1969), who was born in West Bengal, India. After completing graduation and post-graduation, he joined Dhaka University as a Professor of Sanskrit and Bengali. He received Doctorate Degree from Sorbonne University, Paris. He is the author of 'Bangla Shahitter Katha', the first well-arranged history of Bengali Literature. After suffering for a long time, this great contributor to Bangla language and literature passed away in Dhaka., Raishahi Board-2023 1. a. iii) some great people laid down their lives to establish Bangla as a State Language; b. iii) Jinnah; c. ii) strong protest; d. iii) 4 years; e. i) status of Bangla as a State Language of Pakistan; f iv) erstwhile Pakistan; g. i) compelled to do that; h, iii) in the eastern part'of Pakistan; i. ii) establish Bangla as a State Language; j. i) final stage. 2. (a) The martyrs sacrificed their lives in 1952 to establish Bangla as a State Language in undivided Pakistan. They believed that language is an essential part of our identity and culture and that no one should be forced to give up their mother tongue. (b) Undivided Pakistan 'refers to the country of Pakistan comprised of the East Pakistan and the West Pakistan. (c) Pakistan government outlawed meetings and rallies in 1952 with a view to, stopping the Language Movement of 1952. (d) As the students brought out a peaceful protest procession defying the government decision, police opened fire and killed Salam, Rafiq, Barkat and Jabbar to stop the protest and the Language Movement as well. (e) The Language Movement of 1952 kindled the sparks of independence among the citizens of the East Pakistan by making them aware of their rights. Thus, the Language Movement is related to the independence of Bangladesh. (f) 21 February is observed annually worldwide as International Mother Language Day to promote linguistic            and      cultural            diversity . and multilingualism. It also commemorates the sacrifices made by the language martyrs in 195' . for their mother language. 3. (a) means/indicates; (b) element; (c) moment; (d) us: (e) polluted. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) An American Shipping Company; (ii) sailed from: (iii) on 10 April 1912; (iv) on 15 April 1912; (v) Titanic; (vi) the Atlantic Ocean. 6. In 1912, an American Shipping Company launched the Titanic. It sailed on its . maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York, the USA. Though the ship was thought to be unsinkable, it sank colliding with a huge iceberg while crossing the Atlantic. At the time of sinking, the passengers got panicked and rushed to the lifeboats. However, the lifeboats could take only the women and the childrep as the number of the boats was limited. Dinaipur Board-2023 1. a. ii) sonnet; b. iii) wish; c. iv) to accept something new; d. ii) Literary; e. iii) formal anger-, f, iv) hardship; g. ii) Since his teenage; h. i) showing strong feelings; i. iii) Meghnad Badh Kabya; j. ii) He lived in Europe fora short period. 2. (a) Madhusudan wanted to grow himself as an Englishman in form and manner from his early age. (b) Madhusudan practiced Christianity in lieu of Hinduism in his middle age. (c) His college inspired him to imitate the English in taste, manners and intellect, because as a precious child with a gift of literary talent, his manifestation to English was excellent and appreciable. Poems and plays written in English reflected his intellectual ability. (e) After coming back to Bengal, Madhusudan realised that his true identity lay in Bengal and his fascination for England and Europe was totally wrong. (f) Madhusudan was a talented writer. He composed poems and plays in English as he wanted- to be an English writer but his works were not appreciated by the Europeans. So, he was frustrated as a writer of English literature. 3. (a) industrialization; (b) generating/producing; (c) increase; (d) dependence/reliance; (e) forests. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) 18,386 hectares; (ii) in April 1999; (iii) Maulvibazar and Sylhet; (iv) Barheaded Goose; (v) is known; (vi) a period of 4 to 5 months. 6. The passage is about Hakaluki haor, a significant wetland of Bangladesh, with an area of 18,386 hectares. It supports a rich biodiversity and provides a living for approximately 190,000 people. The government of Bangladesh declared it an Ecologically Critical Area in 1999. Hakaluki haor consists of interconnected beels and jalmahals, forming a complex ecosystem. It is home to various species of migratory waterfowls, . including the endangered Barheaded Goose. Unfortunately, illegal poaching poses a threat to these birds. Furthermore, parts of the haor dry up, providing grazing land for cattle. However, deforestation and lack of conservation efforts have severely impacted the once-thriving swamp forests in the area. Jashore Board-2023 1. a. iv) alone; b. ii) wealthy; c. iii) Destroy; d. ii) River erosion; e. i) cruel impact on people; f. i) the erosion of the Jamuna; g. iii) To describe the effect of river erosion; h. iv) to make loud deep harsh sound; i. iii) climate change; j. ii) exterminated. 2. (a) Meherjan lives in a polythene-roofed shelter in a slum on. the SiraJgorj. Town Protection Embankment. (b) The people who live along the river banks are the worst sufferers of climate change. It is because climate change has increased river erosion. (c) The greedy Jamuna crushed Meherjan's dream and happiness by eating up her landed property, house, trees, vegetable garden and, the bamboo bush. (d) Meherjan lost her home, cultivable land, trees, vegetable garden, and the bamboo bush due to river erosion.            I (e) If we cannot control river erosion, many more people like Meherjan will become homeless every year in Bangladesh. River erosion is a major threat caused by climate change and affects the lives of thousands of people every year. (f) Yes, I agree with the view. It is because climate change is the main reason of river erosion. So, we have to stop polluting the environment first. Then, we have to dredge our rivers and make embankment to adapt to the change. 3. (a) four; (b) off; (c) works; (d) difficult; (e) run/maintain. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) Kentucky, the USA; (ii) Gettysburg Address was delivered by Lincoln; (iii) 1861; (iv) America; (v) Ford's Theatre in Washington; (vi) April 14, 1865. 6. The passage is about Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), the 16' president of the USA, who is famous for his Gettysburg Address during the Civil War and for declaring a ban on slavery in America in 1863. He was born in Kentucky, but his family moved to Indiana after his mother's death. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War. He became President in 1861, and then again in 1864. He was killed at Ford's Theatre in Washington on Good Friday. Chattogram Board-2023 1. a. ii) She taught us humanity; b. iv) 1979; c. i) Nirmal Hriday;; d. i) sari; e. iii) peace; f. i) great love; g. iv) both i and ii; h. i) The donating preachers; i, ii) throughout the world; j. i) an environment of peaceful death. 2. (a) I think Mother Teresa won so many awards because of her humanitarian works and commitment to helping the impoverished. (b) Mother Teresa had great love and compassion for humanity. So, she won the Nobel Prize for her humanitarian work. *  I (c) 'Nirmal Hridoy' stands for 'Pure Heart'. Actually, it is a charity home founded by Mother Teresa to shelter the dying destitute of Kolkata. I think, the home is named 'Nirmal Hriday' so that the dying people living in the streets of Kolkata can get an opportunity to die in an environment of kindness and love. (d) Mother Teresa wanted the dying people to feel that they too deserve care and love because they are also the children of God. She believed that everyone is entitled to love, care and shelter regardless of their creed, caste and religion. (e) The things that we have learnt from Mother Teresa are that we should spread the love of God, take care of the poor and the destitute, and work for the,humanity. (f) The world salutes her for her love and compassion for humanity. 3. (a) history; (b) realize/remember; (c) against; (d) revolted/ struggled/ protested; (e) consequence/ result/ outcome. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) 1941; (ii) in 1874; (iii) in 1878; (iv) Law; (v) The Gitanjali; (vi) in 1921. 6. The passage is about Rabindranath Tagore (1861 –1941), a poet, a novelist, a dramatist, a philosopher and a musician. He was born in the renowned Tagore family. School life did not attract him much, and so, he was educated at home. However, at 17, he was sent to London to study Law. But he started to study Literature there. Rabindranath started to show his poetic talent very early in his life. In * 1911, he translated his poems of 'The Gitanjali' into English for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1913. In 1914, he was made a knight by the British Government, but he rejected it as a protest against the British atrocities. Rabindranath was also honoured with D.Litt. bN Oxford University. He founded Viswa Bharati in 1921. Svlhet Board-2023 1. a. ii) gun salute; b. iii) at Savar; c. iv) in Bangabandhu Stadium; d. iv) All categories of people; e. ii) light on; f. iii) respect; g. iv) amuse; h. i) represents his/her own country; i. iii) show due respect and gratitude to the martyrs; j. i) To' highlight the celebration of Independence Day. ,2. (a) 26 March reminds us of the heroic struggle andsacrifice of the freedom fighters in 1971. (b) The President, the Prime Minister, diplomats, political parties, social and cultural organizations, freedom fighters and general people pay homage to the martyred freedom fighters. (c) The nation observes 26 March to commemorate the heroic struggle and sacrifice of the martyrs and freedom fighters in our War of Liberation as well as to celebrate our independence and victory. (d) The Independence Day, the biggest state festival, is observed every year in our country with great enthusiasm and fervour. (e) Early in the morning, the President and the Prime Minister on behalf of the nation place floral wreaths at the National Memorial at Savar. (f) A 31 gun salute signifies the tribute to the martyrs and freedom fighters of the Liberation War on behalf of the nation. It also indicates the beginning of the celebration of Independence Day. 3. (a) delivered; (b) put; (c) use/utilization; (d) According; (e) concern. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) Princeton; (ii) the Swiss patent, office; (iii) the University of Zurich; (iv) moved to; (v) to work at the institute for advanced study; (vi) in divorce. 6. The passage is about Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955). the greatest scientist of the 20th century, was born in Germany. He obtained Swiss citizenship and worked at the patent office before publishing groundbreaking works in theoretical physics, including the theory cf relativity. Despite his theories being highly controversial, he became a professor at the.Universit% of Berlin and a member of the Prussian Academy of Science. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. With ;the rise of Hitler, Einstein moved to the United States, where he became a citizen and worked at the institute for advanced Study. Einstein married twice, with the first one ending in divorce. Barishal Board-2023 1. a. iii) joy; b. i) without missing a year; c. ii) Bangalee culture and tradition; d. iv) traditional dish;.e. ii) people; E iii) the Fine Arts students of Dhaka University; g. iv) jubilant; h. iii) Joys  and sorrows of contemporary life;. i. iii) Beautify; j. iii) all categories of people. 2. (a) On Pahela Boishakh, people wake up early in the - morning to take part in the festivities. (b) The cultural programme begins with'the sunrise. The programme features renowned artists of the country performing traditional folk songs, classical dances, and -the famous Tagore-song 'Esho-he-Boishakh, Esho Esho', all accompanied by musical instruments. (c) In observance of Pahela Boishakh, newspapers bring out special supplements on this day. (d) The celebration of Pahela Boishakh marks a day of cultural unity for the whole nation irrespective of caste and creed. (e) The traditional attire for women on Pahela Boishakh includes a white saree with red borders and colourful churls and flowers, while men typically wear pajamas and punjabis. (f) Celebration of Pahela Boishakh is an occasion for individuals to reflect on the past and embrace the future with renewed hope and aspiration. It serves as a symbol of cultural harmony and national unity, bringing together people from all walks of life to celebrate the beginning of a new year in traditional style. 3. (a) assigned; (b) successful; (c) took; (d) who; (e) remember. 4. Not included in the syllabus. 5. (i) was born; (ii) on .1 January 190, ; (iii) from the University of Kolkata; (iv) in 1938; (v) received President Award for Pride Performance, Pakistan; (vi) on 13 March 1976. 6. The passage is about Jasimuddin (1903 – 1976), widely known as pollikobi, was born in Faridpur. He completed his graduation and post-graduation in Bangla from the University of Kolkata. He joined the University of Dhaka in 1938 as a Lecturer. In 1944, he resigned and then joined the Department of Information and Broadcasting. He wrote many poems, dramas, novels, memoirs, music, etc. and collected more than 10,000 folk songs. He also received many honours and awards for his literary works.

In grammar, the term "number" refers to the count of a noun or pronoun. It indicates whether we are talking about one thing (singular) or more than one thing (plural). Types of Number: There are two main types: Singular Number: It refers to the count of only one of a noun or pronoun. Examples: pen, table, aunt, father, goose, etc. Plural Number: It refers to the count of more than one of a noun or pronoun. Examples: pens, tables, aunts, fathers, geese, etc. Changing Number: To change the number from singular to plural, we follow certain rules: Rule 1: Add "s" at the end of a singular noun to make it plural. Rule 2: If the singular noun ends with s, sh, ch, x, or z, add "es." Rule 3: When the pronunciation of "ch" is like "k," add only "s" at the end. Rule 4: For words ending in "y" with a consonant before it, replace "y" with "i" and add "es." Rule 5: Replace "f" or "fe" with "v" and add "es." Rule 6: Add "es," "ren," or "ne" at the end for specific words. Rule 7: Add "s" when a word ends in "ful." Rule 8: Some words only require adding "s" at the end. Rule 9: Some nouns have no plural form and are always used in singular. Others are always used in plural form. Rule 10: Some nouns, like government or peasantry, seem singular but are plural in meaning. Rule 11: Conversely, words like physics or politics seem plural but are singular in meaning. Rule 12: Some nouns have the same form in both singular and plural. Rule 13: For pronouns, memorization is key. Rule 14: For letters, numbers, and symbols, use an apostrophe and "s" to indicate plurality.

Medium (singular): A means or method of communication. Example: The internet is a powerful medium for information exchange. Example: The media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion. Species (singular): A group of organisms sharing common characteristics and capable of interbreeding. Example: The cheetah is a fascinating species. Example: There are many endangered species in the rainforest. Fish (singular): An individual aquatic animal with gills and fins. Example: I caught a large fish in the lake. Example: We saw a school of fish swimming in the ocean. Headquarters (singular): The main office or central location of an organization. Example: The company's headquarters are located in New York. Example: The military has established headquarters in various regions. Offspring (singular): The direct descendant or child of a person or animal. Example: The lioness protects her offspring from predators. Example: The offspring of the monarch butterfly go through a metamorphosis. Series (singular): A set of related television or radio programs. Example: I enjoy watching that TV series every week. Example: The artist created a series of paintings inspired by nature. Aircraft (singular): A vehicle designed for air travel, such as an airplane or helicopter. Example: The aircraft took off smoothly from the runway. Example: The military deployed several aircraft for the mission. Bison (singular): A large mammal with a shaggy mane, native to North America. Example: We observed a solitary bison in Yellowstone National Park. Example: A herd of bison grazed peacefully on the prairie. Calf (singular): A young bovine. Example: The farmer's cow gave birth to a healthy calf. Example: He stretched his calves before going for a run. Die (singular): A tool for shaping or forming materials. Example: The metalworker used a die to create intricate patterns. Example: Let's roll the dice and see who goes first. Person (singular): An individual human being. Example: She is a compassionate person. Example: The people gathered in the square for a protest. Foot (singular): The lower extremity of the leg. Example: I hurt my foot while hiking. Example: The athlete has quick feet on the soccer field. Hair (singular): The threads that grow from the skin, especially on the head. Example: She has long, flowing hair. Example: The brush removed loose hairs from the coat. Louse (singular): A small, wingless insect parasitic on humans. Example: Head lice are common among schoolchildren. Example: The infestation was treated to eliminate the lice. Mouse (singular): A small rodent. Example: A mouse scurried across the kitchen floor. Example: The barn had a problem with mice. Ox (singular): A large, domesticated mammal used as a draft animal. Example: The farmer plowed the field with an ox. Example: A team of oxen pulled the heavy load. Personnel (singular): Employees or workforce. Example: The company is hiring new personnel. Example: The people in the office were friendly. Penny (singular): A coin worth one cent. Example: I found a lucky penny on the sidewalk. Example: She saved her pennies in a jar. Scissors (singular): A cutting tool with two blades. Example: Use the scissors to cut the paper. Example: The scissors were kept in the drawer. Shear (singular): To cut or clip with scissors. Example: The hairstylist will shear my hair. Example: The gardener used shears to trim the hedge. Brother (singular): A male sibling. Example: My brother is older than me. Example: She has two brothers. Child (singular): A young human being. Example: Every child deserves a good education. Example: The park was filled with joyful children. Leaf (singular): The flattened structure of a plant. Example: A single leaf fell from the tree. Example: The ground was covered with autumn leaves. Man (singular): An adult male human. Example: The man held the door open for me. Example: The men were working together on the project. Woman (singular): An adult female human. Example: She is a strong and independent woman. Example: The women organized a community event. Alumnus (singular): A male graduate of a school. Example: The alumnus returned for the reunion. Example: The alumni association organizes events. Alumna (singular): A female graduate of a school. Example: She is an accomplished alumna. Example: The alumnae support scholarships. Datum (singular): A single piece of information. Example: Each datum is crucial for the study. Example: The data points were analyzed for trends. Stadium (singular): A large venue for sports or concerts. Example: The stadium can accommodate thousands of spectators. Example: The city has several stadia for various events. Medium (singular): A means or method of communication. Example: The internet is a powerful medium for information exchange. Example: The media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion. Crisis (singular): A time of intense difficulty or danger. Example: The country faced an economic crisis. Example: The organization navigated through several crises. Criterion (singular): A standard or principle used for judgment. Example: The main criterion for selection was experience. Example: The criteria for the competition were clearly defined. Phenomenon (singular): A fact or event that can be observed. Example: The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon. Example: The scientist studied various natural phenomena. Bacterium (singular): A single microscopic organism. Example: The bacterium can be seen under a microscope. Example: Antibiotics are effective against certain bacteria. Curriculum (singular): The subjects comprising a course of study. Example: The school updated its curriculum. Example: The university offers diverse curricula. Appendix (singular): A supplementary material or section. Example: The report includes an appendix with additional data. Example: The book has several appendices for reference. Index (singular): An alphabetical list of topics at the end of a book. Example: The index helps locate specific information in the book. Example: The library catalog has indices for various subjects. Virus (singular): A submicroscopic infectious agent. Example: The virus caused a widespread illness. Example: The researchers studied different viruses in the lab. Radius (singular): The distance from the center to the edge of a circle. Example: The radius of the wheel is crucial for stability. Example: The radii of the circles vary in size. Focus (singular): The center of interest or activity. Example: The focus of the meeting was on new initiatives. Example: The project has several foci that need attention. Stimulus (singular): A thing or event that evokes a specific response. Example: The loud noise served as a stimulus for the reaction. Example: The experiment presented various stimuli to the subjects. Criterion (singular): A standard or principle used for judgment. Example: The main criterion for selection was experience. Example: The criteria for the competition were clearly defined. Analysis (singular): The detailed examination of something. Example: The analysis of the data revealed interesting patterns. Example: The research paper included various analyses. Fungus (singular): A group of spore-producing organisms. Example: The mushroom is a type of fungus. Example: Different fungi play essential roles in ecosystems. Larva (singular): The early, immature form of an insect. Example: The larva transforms into a butterfly. Example: The garden was teeming with larvae. Vertebra (singular): Each of the series of small bones forming the backbone. Example: The vertebra provides support to the spine. Example: The doctor examined the patient's vertebrae. Antenna (singular): A slender, flexible sensory organ on an insect's head. Example: The butterfly uses its antenna to sense the environment. Example: The ants communicate through their antennae. Syllabus (singular): An outline or summary of a course of study. Example: The syllabus provides an overview of the semester. Example: The department revised the syllabi for the upcoming year. Appendix (singular): A supplementary material or section. Example: The report includes an appendix with additional data. Example: The book has several appendices for reference. Formula (singular): A mathematical or chemical expression. Example: The scientist derived a new formula. Example: The textbook contains various formulae for calculations.

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, animal, idea, or more. Here are some examples to help you understand: John is a person. The United States is a place. London is a city. Almighty is an idea. Angels are beings. Iron is a thing or material. Examination is an idea. Virtuousness is a quality. Types of Nouns in English Proper Nouns: A proper noun is the specific name of a person, animal, place, thing, etc. They always begin with a capital letter. Here are some examples: Jack is a person. Dubai is a place. The United Kingdom is a place. Willy is a name. Common Nouns: Common nouns are general words for people, animals, places, things, etc. They do not start with a capital letter unless at the beginning of a sentence. Here are examples: Country is a place. City is a place. Man is a person. King and Queen are titles. Boy and girl are people. Collective Nouns: A collective noun represents a group of people or things. It is a single word that describes a collection. Examples include: Family is a group. Team is a group. Class is a group. Troop is a group. Material Nouns: Material nouns describe the substance or material from which things are made. Examples include: Gold is a material. Iron is a material. Wood is a material. Water is a material. Abstract Nouns: Abstract nouns represent concepts, ideas, or qualities. They often refer to things that cannot be seen or touched. Examples are: Friendship is a concept. Relationship is a concept. Beauty is a quality. Peace is an idea. Read the following sentences and identify the type of noun used. Choose from the five main types of nouns: Proper, Common, Collective, Abstract, or Material Nouns. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a famous landmark. A flock of birds flew across the sky at sunset. Happiness is essential for a fulfilling life. Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. The team celebrated their victory with joy. Time waits for no one. My cat enjoys lounging in the sun. Integrity is a valuable quality in a leader. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth. A pack of wolves howled in the distance. Shepherd's pie is made with minced meat and mashed potatoes. The United Nations plays a crucial role in international diplomacy. The wisdom of elders is often profound. The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert globally. A parliament of owls gathered on the tree branches. Mount Rushmore features the faces of four U.S. presidents. The concept of justice varies across cultures. The Nile River is the longest river in Africa. A herd of elephants grazed peacefully in the savanna. The Mona Lisa is a famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Answers: Proper Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun Proper Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun Common Noun Abstract Noun Proper Noun Collective Noun Material Noun Proper Noun Abstract Noun Proper Noun Collective Noun Proper Noun Abstract Noun Proper Noun Collective Noun Proper Noun Read the following sentences and identify the type of noun used, considering both subjective and objective forms. Choose from the five main types of nouns: Proper, Common, Collective, Abstract, or Material Nouns. My friend Jack is an excellent cook. (Subjective) I appreciate the advice you gave me. (Objective) The jury reached a unanimous decision. (Subjective) We visited a museum during our vacation. (Objective) A pride of lions roared in the distance. (Subjective) He bought a new camera for his photography hobby. (Objective) Happiness is contagious. (Subjective) They explored the mysteries of the universe. (Objective) The board of directors made a strategic decision. (Subjective) She received a scholarship for her academic achievements. (Objective) The concept of time is fascinating. (Subjective) I found a solution to the problem. (Objective) A fleet of ships sailed across the horizon. (Subjective) The professor shared his knowledge with the students. (Objective) The Rocky Mountains are a stunning natural wonder. (Subjective) They admired the beauty of the sunset. (Objective) A committee of experts discussed the proposal. (Subjective) I observed the behavior of ants in the garden. (Objective) The Pacific Ocean is known for its vastness. (Subjective) She witnessed an act of kindness in the busy city. (Objective) Answers: Proper Noun (Jack) Abstract Noun (Advice) Collective Noun (Jury) Common Noun (Museum) Collective Noun (Pride) Common Noun (Camera) Abstract Noun (Happiness) Abstract Noun (Mysteries) Collective Noun (Board) Common Noun (Scholarship) Abstract Noun (Concept) Common Noun (Solution) Collective Noun (Fleet) Common Noun (Knowledge) Proper Noun (Rocky Mountains) Abstract Noun (Beauty) Collective Noun (Committee) Common Noun (Behavior) Proper Noun (Pacific Ocean) Common Noun (Act) Read the sentences below and identify the type of noun used, considering both subjective and objective forms. Choose from the five main types of nouns: Proper, Common, Collective, Abstract, or Material Nouns. John is the captain of the soccer team. (Proper, Collective) I enjoy the tranquility of nature. (Abstract, Common) A fleet of cars participated in the race. (Collective, Common) The teacher shared her wisdom with the students. (Proper, Abstract, Collective) They explored the mysteries of science. (Abstract, Common) A parliament of owls resides in the ancient forest. (Collective, Proper) She demonstrated her artistic skills in a painting. (Abstract, Common) The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. (Proper, Common) The committee of scientists discussed the results of the experiment. (Collective, Abstract, Common) He received a medal for his bravery. (Common, Abstract) Mount Everest is a challenging peak to climb. (Proper, Common) A group of friends gathered to celebrate the birthday. (Collective, Common) The concept of democracy is crucial for a society. (Abstract, Common) I observed a piece of art at the museum. (Common, Common) The Pacific Ocean is known for its marine life. (Proper, Common) A storm of emotions overwhelmed the actor during the performance. (Collective, Abstract, Common, Common) She demonstrated her culinary skills by preparing a delicious meal. (Abstract, Common, Common) A forest of ancient trees provides a home for a variety of birds. (Collective, Common, Common) The concept of time is both intriguing and complex. (Abstract, Common) A committee of architects designed the new building. (Collective, Common, Common) Answers: Proper Noun (John), Collective Noun (Soccer Team) Abstract Noun (Tranquility), Common Noun (Nature) Collective Noun (Fleet), Common Noun (Race) Proper Noun (Teacher), Abstract Noun (Wisdom), Collective Noun (Students) Abstract Noun (Mysteries), Common Noun (Science) Collective Noun (Parliament), Proper Noun (Ancient Forest) Abstract Noun (Artistic Skills), Common Noun (Painting) Proper Noun (Amazon River), Common Noun (River) Collective Noun (Committee), Abstract Noun (Results), Common Noun (Experiment) Common Noun (Medal), Abstract Noun (Bravery) Proper Noun (Mount Everest), Common Noun (Peak) Collective Noun (Group), Common Noun (Friends), Common Noun (Birthday) Abstract Noun (Concept), Common Noun (Democracy) Common Noun (Piece), Common Noun (Art), Common Noun (Museum) Proper Noun (Pacific Ocean), Common Noun (Marine Life) Collective Noun (Storm), Abstract Noun (Emotions), Common Noun (Actor), Common Noun (Performance) Abstract Noun (Culinary Skills), Common Noun (Meal) Collective Noun (Forest), Common Noun (Trees), Common Noun (Birds) Abstract Noun (Concept), Common Noun (Time) Collective Noun (Committee), Common Noun (Architects), Common Noun (Building)

A phrase is a collection of words working together in a sentence to convey a specific meaning. It does not constitute a complete sentence as it lacks a subject and predicate. Rather, it functions as a cohesive unit, contributing to the overall sense of a sentence. Understanding the Function of a Phrase Phrases serve various linguistic roles and are employed to express diverse meanings within different contexts. Some phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or adverbs, while others modify nouns. Additionally, phrases are versatile tools for conveying emotions, articulating intricate ideas, and introducing variety into communication. Different Types of Phrases with New Examples 1. Prepositional Phrases: Prepositional phrases initiate with a preposition and conclude with a noun, pronoun, or gerund. Functioning as adjectives or adverbs, they furnish additional information about the subject or object in a sentence. For instance: The cat under the bed is hiding. The painting on the wall is beautiful. The student with the red backpack is my friend. 2. Verb Phrases: Verb phrases encompass a verb along with its complements, objects, or modifiers. Serving as predicates, they articulate the action or state of being in a sentence. For example: She is composing a letter. They have completed their assignments. We will explore the forest tomorrow. 3. Noun Phrases: Noun phrases function as a noun in a sentence and consist of a noun along with its modifiers, pronouns, or other nouns. For instance: The bright sun in the sky is warm. A clever scientist discovered the cure. The book on the shelf belongs to Sarah. 4. Adjective Phrases: Adjective phrases modify a noun or pronoun and consist of an adjective along with its modifiers or participles. For example: The cat with the fluffy tail is adorable. An old tree with twisted branches stands in the yard. The house with the blue door is for sale. 5. Adverb Phrases: Adverb phrases modify a verb, adjective, or adverb, supplying additional information about the manner, place, or time of the action or state of being. For instance: She sang with joy. The car moved slowly down the street. They played music quite loudly. More Examples Prepositional Phrase Examples: The coffee on the table is hot. The cat under the couch is sleeping. The movie with the funny scenes made me laugh. Verb Phrase Examples: He has been studying for hours. They are planning a surprise. We will visit the museum tomorrow. Noun Phrase Examples: The excited children in the park are playing. A kind person with a big heart helps others. The mountain with snow on top is majestic. Adjective Phrase Examples: The dog with the wagging tail is friendly. A delicious cake with chocolate frosting is tempting. The girl with the sparkling eyes is my sister. Adverb Phrase Examples: He sings with great passion. The birds chirped happily in the morning. She arrived at the party surprisingly early. Type of phrase in each sentence: prepositional, verb, noun, adjective, or adverb. Prepositional Phrase: The cat on the roof is afraid of heights. Verb Phrase: She has been practicing the piano for hours. Noun Phrase: A new student joined our class yesterday. Adjective Phrase: The mountain, with its snow-covered peaks, looked majestic. Adverb Phrase: He sang the song with great enthusiasm. Prepositional Phrase: The keys on the table are for the new car. Verb Phrase: They will be celebrating their anniversary next week. Noun Phrase: The old house at the end of the street is haunted. Adjective Phrase: The girl, wearing a red dress, caught everyone's attention. Adverb Phrase: The athletes ran with incredible speed. Prepositional Phrase: The book on the shelf is my favorite. Verb Phrase: She finished reading the novel last night. Noun Phrase: A black cat crossed our path, bringing good luck. Adjective Phrase: The cake, with layers of chocolate, was delicious. Adverb Phrase: The train arrived at the station surprisingly early. Prepositional Phrase: The flowers in the garden are blooming beautifully. Verb Phrase: They have completed all the assignments. Noun Phrase: The little boy with the red balloon is lost. Adjective Phrase: The scientist, known for groundbreaking research, won the award. Adverb Phrase: The sun sets behind the mountains every evening. Read the following sentences and identify the type of phrase used. Choose from the five main types of phrases: Prepositional, Verb, Noun, Adjective, or Adverb Phrases. In the garden, the flowers with vibrant colors bloomed beautifully. She has been working tirelessly on her project for weeks. The cat on the roof watched the birds in the distance. A mysterious package with no return address arrived this morning. They will be exploring the ancient ruins during their vacation. The old man with a cane walked slowly along the path. With a big smile, she greeted her guests at the door. The book on the shelf is a fascinating mystery novel. The car with the broken headlights is parked in front of the house. The student with a passion for science conducted groundbreaking research. The athlete ran with incredible speed during the competition. In the morning, the sun rises behind the mountains. He is watching a documentary about space exploration. The delicious pizza with extra cheese is my guilty pleasure. With great care, she assembled the delicate puzzle. The birds in the tree chirped happily as the sun set. The mountain with snow on top is a breathtaking sight. She sang with joy during the celebratory concert. A tall building with glass windows dominates the city skyline. The dog in the yard is playing fetch with its owner. Answers: Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Verb Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Read the following sentences and identify the type of phrase used. Choose from the five main types of phrases: Prepositional, Verb, Noun, Adjective, or Adverb Phrases. In the classroom, the students eagerly listened to the teacher's instructions. She has been practicing her piano skills diligently every evening. The mysterious castle on the hill captured everyone's imagination. A friend with a good sense of humor can make any day brighter. They will be sailing across the vast ocean during their voyage. The young girl with pigtails giggled uncontrollably. With determination, he pursued his dreams despite the challenges. The keys on the piano were worn from years of passionate playing. The house with a red door is located at the end of the street. The scientist with a keen eye for details made a groundbreaking discovery. The cheetah ran with astonishing speed across the grasslands. In the afternoon, the rain began to fall gently. She is reading a fascinating novel about time travel. The homemade cookies with chocolate chips were a delightful treat. With grace and elegance, the ballerina performed on stage. The birds in the sky soared freely among the clouds. The mountain with a jagged peak is a challenging climb. He spoke with sincerity during the heartfelt apology. A cozy cabin with a fireplace is perfect for a winter retreat. The dog by the river happily chased after sticks. During the meeting, they discussed important business strategies. She is creating a beautiful painting with vibrant colors. The old man with a walking stick strolled through the park. With great enthusiasm, they embarked on the adventure of a lifetime. The car with a flat tire is stranded on the side of the road. The student with a curious mind always asks insightful questions. The movie with stunning visual effects left the audience in awe. He jogged with determination in preparation for the marathon. In the garden, the butterflies fluttered around the blooming flowers. The office with large windows provides a scenic view of the city. Answers: Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Adjective Phrase Prepositional Phrase Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Noun Phrase Read the following sentences and identify the type of phrase used. Choose from the five main types of phrases: Prepositional, Verb, Noun, Adjective, or Adverb Phrases. In the midst of chaos, she found inner peace. Having studied all night, he aced the challenging exam. The artist with a passion for surrealism created mesmerizing paintings. An opportunity to travel the world is a dream come true. They will be presenting their innovative ideas at the conference. The ancient ruins with intricate carvings fascinated archaeologists. With profound insight, she analyzed the philosophical text. The keys on the old typewriter clicked rhythmically as he typed. The house with a secret passage intrigued the curious children. The entrepreneur with a visionary mindset launched a successful startup. Swiftly and effortlessly, the gymnast executed a flawless routine. At the crack of dawn, the city began to stir with activity. He is composing a symphony that evokes deep emotions. The homemade soup with fresh ingredients warmed the chilly evening. With impeccable timing, the comedian delivered a hilarious punchline. The birds in the forest harmonized with nature's symphony. The mountain with sheer cliffs proved to be a challenging ascent. She spoke with eloquence and precision during the formal presentation. A quaint cottage with a thatched roof nestled in the serene countryside. The cat on the windowsill observed the bustling street below. During the negotiation process, they emphasized mutual benefits. She is sculpting a masterpiece from a block of marble. The elderly woman with a wealth of experiences shared captivating stories. With unwavering determination, they overcame every obstacle. The car with a sleek design turned heads as it passed by. The student with an insatiable curiosity delved into various academic subjects. The film with a thought-provoking narrative left a lasting impression. He swam with effortless grace in the crystal-clear waters. In the vast desert, the oasis provided much-needed relief. The office with cutting-edge technology facilitated efficient workflow. Answers: Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Noun Phrase Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Adjective Phrase Prepositional Phrase Prepositional Phrase Verb Phrase Noun Phrase Adverb Phrase Adjective Phrase Noun Phrase Adjective Phrase Adverb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Noun Phrase

Redundancy in English refers to the unnecessary repetition of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, or ideas. It occurs when two or more words with the same meaning are used together, such as in the case of 'adequate enough.' Redundancy is also present when a modifier's meaning is already inherent in the word it modifies, like 'merge together.' In writing, the goal is to communicate clearly and concisely. By avoiding unnecessary words, we enhance clarity and engage our readers. Redundant phrases, where words express the same idea, contribute nothing new to the writing and can result in padded and monotonous sentences. Using concise language not only adds value to your writing but also maintains the reader's interest, preventing them from disengaging due to lengthy and repetitive content. Redundancy in Phrases 1.       Actual facts: Facts are information that is proven to be true; "actual" is unnecessary. 2.       Advance planning: Planning is inherently done in advance, so "advance" is superfluous. 3.       Advance planning: Planning is inherently done in advance; "advance" is superfluous. 4.       Bald-headed: Being bald implies having a hairless head; "headed" is redundant. 5.       Brief moment: A moment is already brief; "brief" is unnecessary. 6.       Brief summary: A summary is a concise overview; "brief" is unnecessary. 7.       Close proximity: Proximity implies closeness; "close" is redundant. 8.       Collaborate together: Collaboration involves working together; "together" is extraneous. 9.       Completely eliminate: To eliminate is to completely remove; "completely" is redundant. 10.   Completely finish: To finish is to complete; "completely" is redundant. 11.   Consensus of opinion: A consensus is an agreement; "of opinion" is usually unnecessary. 12.   Definite decision: A decision is definite when made; "definite" is redundant. 13.   Disappear from sight: If something disappears, it goes out of sight; "from sight" is superfluous. 14.   Empty space: Space implies a void or absence, so "empty" is redundant. 15.   End result/outcome: An outcome is a result, making "end" unnecessary. 16.   Enter in: To enter is to go in; "in" is redundant. 17.   Equal match: If it's a match, it's already equal; "equal" is extraneous. 18.   Exact replica: A replica is an exact copy; "exact" is redundant. 19.   Exact same: "Exact" means precisely the same; "same" is extraneous. 20.   False pretenses: Pretenses are deceptive actions, so "false" is unnecessary. 21.   Fewer in number: "Fewer" already indicates a smaller number; don't qualify it with "in number." 22.   Final conclusion: A conclusion is a final deduction; "final" is redundant. 23.   First invented: Invention is the act of creating something for the first time; "first" is superfluous. 24.   Free gift: A gift is inherently free; "free" is extraneous. 25.   Full to capacity: If it's full, it's at capacity; "to capacity" is redundant. 26.   Future plans: Plans inherently relate to the future; "future" is unnecessary. 27.   General consensus: A consensus is a general agreement; "general" is unnecessary. 28.   General consensus: A consensus is a general agreement; "general" is redundant. 29.   Habitual custom: A custom is a habit or practice; "habitual" is redundant. 30.   Habitual custom: A custom is a habitual practice; "habitual" is unnecessary. 31.   Hollow tube: A tube is a hollow cylindrical structure; "hollow" is extraneous. 32.   Honest truth: The truth is inherently honest; "honest" is redundant. 33.   In close proximity: Proximity already implies closeness; "close" is redundant. 34.   Join together: Joining involves coming together; "together" is redundant. 35.   Joint collaboration: Collaboration involves working jointly; "joint" is superfluous. 36.   Larger in size: "Larger" already implies greater size; "in size" is superfluous. 37.   Later future: "Later" already refers to the future; "future" is redundant. 38.   Major breakthrough: A breakthrough is a significant development; "major" is unnecessary. 39.   Merge together: Merging involves coming together; "together" is redundant. 40.   Mix together: Mixing implies combining elements; "together" is extraneous. 41.   Mutual cooperation: Cooperation is mutual by nature; "mutual" is unnecessary. 42.   New innovation: An innovation is something new; "new" is redundant. 43.   Null and void: Null means void or invalid; "and void" is superfluous. 44.   Old adage: An adage is an old saying or proverb; "old" is unnecessary. 45.   Open trench: A trench is a long, narrow ditch, so "open" is redundant. 46.   Open trench: A trench is a long, narrow ditch; "open" is redundant. 47.   Over-exaggerate: "Exaggerate" already implies going beyond normal limits; "over" is redundant. 48.   Pair of twins: Twins are two offspring born at the same time; "pair of" is unnecessary. 49.   Past history: History is the record of past events; "past" is redundant. 50.   Period of time: "Period" already implies a duration of time; "of time" is superfluous. 51.   Personal opinion: An opinion is inherently personal; "personal" is extraneous. 52.   Plan ahead: To plan is to prepare for the future; "ahead" is unnecessary. 53.   Possibly might: "Might" already indicates possibility; "possibly" is redundant. 54.   Protest against: A protest involves expressing opposition; "against" is redundant. 55.   Revert back: Reverting means going back to a previous state; "back" is superfluous. 56.   Safe haven: A haven is a safe place; "safe" is unnecessary. 57.   Safe haven: A haven is a safe place; "safe" is unnecessary. 58.   Small speck: A speck is a small, visible mark; "small" is redundant. 59.   Still remains: Something that remains is still present; "still" is redundant. 60.   True facts: Facts are truths; "true" is extraneous. 61.   Unexpected surprise: A surprise is, by nature, unexpected; "unexpected" is unnecessary. 62.   Unexpected surprise: A surprise, by definition, is unexpected; "unexpected" is unnecessary. 63.   Unintentional mistake: A mistake is an unintentional error; "unintentional" is redundant. 64.   Usual routine: A routine is a regular, usual way of doing things; "usual" is unnecessary. 65.   Various different: Various implies a variety; "different" is redundant. 66.   Visible to the eye: If something is visible, it's seen by the eye; "to the eye" is superfluous. 67.   Whole entire: Whole means complete; "entire" is unnecessary. 68.   Young child/kid: A child is by definition young, so "young" is redundant. More During casual conversations, it's common to unintentionally fall into the trap of using unnecessary words and repeating information. In writing, redundancy is less forgivable, but the good news is that it's easy to fix. Keep an eye out for these common culprits: Absolutely certain/sure/essential/guaranteed: If someone is certain or sure, there's no doubt. Something essential is inherently absolute. A guarantee should be absolute. Drop "absolutely" in these cases. Actual experience/fact: An experience is something that happened. A fact is confirmed to have occurred. "Actual" is unnecessary here. Add an additional: To add is to provide another of something. "Additional" is redundant. Added bonus: A bonus is already something extra, so "added" is unnecessary. Advance notice/planning/reservations/warning: These terms already imply actions before an event, so adding "advance" is superfluous. As for example: "As" implies providing an example, so omit "an example." Ask a question: To ask is to pose a question, making "question" redundant. At the present time: "At present" means "at this time," so use the concise version. Basic fundamentals/essentials: Fundamentals and essentials are inherently elementary; remove "basic." (Filled to) capacity: If something is filled, it's to capacity, making "to capacity" repetitive. Came at a time when: "When" already provides the necessary temporal reference to coming; "at a time" is redundant. Close proximity/scrutiny: Proximity means "close in location," and scrutiny means "close study," so avoid qualifying these terms with "close." Collaborate/join/meet/merge together: If a group collaborates or meets, it implies another way to collect or confer. Speaking of joining or merging is redundant. Completely filled/finished/opposite: Something filled or finished is thorough; "completely" is redundant. Something opposite isn't necessarily diametrically opposed, but the modifier is still unnecessary. Consensus of opinion: A consensus is an agreement, not necessarily about an opinion. "Of opinion" is usually unnecessary. (During the) course (of): "During" means "in or throughout the duration of," so "during the course of" is repetitive. Definite decision: Decisions may not be final, but when made, they are unequivocal and therefore definite. Avoid "a definite decision." Difficult dilemma: A dilemma is inherently complicated, so omit "difficult" as a modifier. Direct confrontation: A confrontation is a head-on conflict. "Direct" as a qualifier is redundant. End result: A result is something that occurs at the end, so omit "end" as a modifier. Enter in: To enter is to go in, so drop "in." Estimated at about/roughly: An estimate is an approximation. "About" and "roughly" are superfluous. False pretense: A pretense is a deception, so "false" is redundant. Few in number: "Few" refers to a small number; don't qualify it with "in number." Final outcome: An outcome is a result and is inherently final. First began, new beginning: A beginning is when something first occurs, so "first" and "new" are superfluous. For a period/number of days: "Days" is plural, so a duration is implied; "a period of" or "a number of" is redundant. Specify the number of days or use "many." Foreign imports: Imports are products from another country; "foreign" is redundant. Forever and ever: "Ever" is an unnecessary reduplication of "forever." Free gift: A gift is by definition free; "free" is extraneous. Invited guests: Guests are those with an invitation; "invited" is redundant. Major breakthrough: A breakthrough is significant progress. Though "major" is not directly redundant, the notable nature is implicit. [Number] a.m. in the morning/p.m. in the evening: The abbreviations already identify the time of day, so omit "in the morning" or "in the evening." Past history/record: A history is a record of past occurrences; a record is documentation of what happened. "Past" is redundant. Plan ahead: To plan is to prepare for the future. "Ahead" is unnecessary. Possibly might: "Might" indicates probability; omit the redundant qualifier "possibly." Postpone until later: To postpone is to delay. "Later" is superfluous. Protest against: To protest is to communicate opposition. "Against" is redundant. Repeat again: To repeat is to reiterate an action; "again" is unnecessary. Revert back: Something that reverts returns to an earlier state. "Back" is superfluous. Same identical: "Same" and "identical" mean the same thing; omit "same" as a qualifier for "identical." Since the time when: "Since" indicates a time in the past; "the time when" is superfluous. Spell out in detail: To spell out is to provide details; "in detail" is repetitive. Still remains: Something that remains is still in place. "Still" is redundant. Suddenly exploded: An explosion is an immediate event; it cannot be any more sudden than it is. Therapeutic treatment: Treatment in the sense of medical care is inherently therapeutic; the adjective is redundant. Unexpected surprise: No surprise is expected, so the modifier is extraneous. Unintended mistake: A mistake is an inadvertently erroneous action; the lack of intention is implicit. Usual custom: A custom is something routinely done or observed; "usual" is redundant. Written down: Something written has been taken down; "down" is superfluous List of Redundant Words/ Phrases A (absolutely) essential (absolutely) necessary (actual) facts advance (forward) (advance) planning (advance) preview (advance) reservations (advance) warning add (an additional) add (up) (added) bonus (affirmative) yes (aid and) abet (all-time) record alternative (choice) A.M. (in the morning) (and) etc. (anonymous) stranger (annual) anniversary (armed) gunman (artificial) prosthesis ascend (up) ask (the question) assemble (together) attach (together) ATM (machine) autobiography (of his or her own life) B bald(-headed) balsa (wood) (basic) fundamentals (basic) necessities best (ever) biography (of his--or her--life) blend (together) (boat) marina bouquet (of flowers) brief (in duration) (brief) moment (brief) summary (burning) embers C cacophony (of sound) cameo (appearance) cancel (out) (careful) scrutiny cash (money) cease (and desist) circle (around) circulate (around) classify (into groups) (close) proximity (closed) fist collaborate (together) combine (together) commute (back and forth) compete (with each other) (completely) annihilate (completely) destroyed (completely) eliminate (completely) engulfed (completely) filled (completely) surround (component) parts confer (together) connect (together) connect (up) confused (state) consensus (of opinion) (constantly) maintained cooperate (together) could (possibly) crisis (situation) curative (process) (current) incumbent (current) trend D depreciate (in value) descend (down) (desirable) benefits (different) kinds disappear (from sight) drop (down) during (the course of) dwindle (down) E each (and every) earlier (in time) eliminate (altogether) emergency (situation) (empty) hole empty (out) (empty) space enclosed (herein) (end) result enter (in) (entirely) eliminate equal (to one another) eradicate (completely) estimated at (about) evolve (over time) (exact) same (exposed) opening extradite (back) F (face) mask fall (down) (favorable) approval (fellow) classmates (fellow) colleague few (in number) filled (to capacity) (final) conclusion (final) end (final) outcome (final) ultimatum (first and) foremost (first) conceived first (of all) fly (through the air) follow (after) (foreign) imports (former) graduate (former) veteran (free) gift (from) whence (frozen) ice (frozen) tundra full (to capacity) (full) satisfaction fuse (together) (future) plans (future) recurrence G gather (together) (general) public GOP (party) GRE (exam) green [or blue or whatever] (in color) grow (in size) H had done (previously) (harmful) injuries (head) honcho heat (up) HIV (virus) hoist (up) (hollow) tube hurry (up) I (illustrated) drawing incredible (to believe) indicted (on a charge) input (into) integrate (together) integrate (with each other) interdependent (on each other) introduced (a new) introduced (for the first time) (ir)regardless ISBN (number) J join (together) (joint) collaboration K kneel (down) (knowledgeable) experts L lag (behind) later (time) LCD (display) lift (up) (little) baby (live) studio audience (live) witness (local) residents look (ahead) to the future look back (in retrospect) M made (out) of (major) breakthrough (major) feat manually (by hand) may (possibly) meet (together) meet (with each other) (mental) telepathy merge (together) might (possibly) minestrone (soup) mix (together) modern ______ (of today) (mutual) cooperation (mutually) interdependent mutual respect (for each other) (number-one) leader in ________ N nape (of her neck) (native) habitat (natural) instinct never (before) (new) beginning (new) construction (new) innovation (new) invention (new) recruit none (at all) nostalgia (for the past) (now) pending O off (of) (old) adage (old) cliche (old) custom (old) proverb (open) trench open (up) (oral) conversation (originally) created output (out of) (outside) in the yard outside (of) (over) exaggerate over (with) (overused) cliche P (pair of) twins palm (of the hand) (passing) fad (past) experience (past) history (past) memories (past) records penetrate (into) period (of time) (personal) friend (personal) opinion pick (and choose) PIN (number) pizza (pie) plan (ahead) plan (in advance) (Please) RSVP plunge (down) (polar) opposites (positive) identification postpone (until later) pouring (down) rain (pre)board (as an airplane) (pre)heat (pre)record (private) industry (present) incumbent present (time) previously listed (above) proceed (ahead) (proposed) plan protest (against) pursue (after) R raise (up) RAM (memory) reason is (because) reason (why) recur (again) re-elect (for another term) refer (back) reflect (back) (regular) routine repeat (again) reply (back) retreat (back) revert (back) rise (up) round (in shape) S (safe) haven (safe) sanctuary same (exact) (sand) dune scrutinize (in detail) self-______ (yourself) separated (apart from each other) (serious) danger share (together) (sharp) point shiny (in appearance) shut (down) (single) unit skipped (over) slow (speed) small (size) (small) speck soft (in texture) [or (to the touch)] sole (of the foot) spell out (in detail) spliced (together) start (off) or (out) (still) persists (still) remains (sudden) impulse (sum) total surrounded (on all sides) T tall (in height) tall (in stature) (temper) tantrum ten (in number) three a.m. (in the morning) (three-way) love triangle time (period) (tiny) bit (total) destruction (true) facts (truly) sincere tuna (fish) (twelve) noon or midnight (two equal) halves U (ultimate) goal undergraduate (student) (underground) subway (unexpected) emergency (unexpected) surprise (unintentional) mistake (universal) panacea (unnamed) anonymous UPC (code) (usual) custom V vacillate (back and forth) (veiled) ambush (very) pregnant (very) unique visible (to the eye) W (wall) mural warn (in advance) weather (conditions) weather (situation) whether (or not) (white) snow write (down) Exercise In each sentence, identify and correct the redundant phrases: She was completely surrounded on all sides. The final outcome of the experiment was unexpected. He was new to the area and unfamiliar with the surroundings. The audience applauded with their hands. The CEO emphasized the importance of collaborating together. After careful consideration, they reached a mutual agreement. The summit took place at the very top of the mountain. She made a free gift to all attendees. The small kitten climbed up the tall tree. They shouted loudly to get their message across. His response was very brief and to the point. He had an advanced level of expertise in that subject. The firefighter rescued the cat from the burning fire. The alarm system provided an early warning in advance. The suspect displayed unusual behavior that drew attention. The twins looked exactly the same. The river flowed continuously without interruption. The professor delivered a lecture on the subject matter. She looked back and reminisced about the past memories. The expert was highly knowledgeable in his field of expertise. The student submitted the assignment on time and before the deadline. The company organized a special event to celebrate the grand opening. The aspiring actor hoped for a successful and prosperous career. They collaborated together to produce a joint report. The chef cooked a delicious and tasty meal. The athlete displayed outstanding performance and excellence. He whispered quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping baby. The committee conducted a thorough and comprehensive investigation. She had a feeling of déjà vu, as if she had experienced it before. The book provided an in-depth analysis and examination of the topic. answers She was surrounded on all sides. The outcome of the experiment was unexpected. He was new to the area and unfamiliar with the surroundings. The audience applauded. The CEO emphasized the importance of collaborating. After careful consideration, they reached an agreement. The summit took place at the top of the mountain. She made a gift to all attendees. The small kitten climbed the tall tree. They shouted to get their message across. His response was brief. He had an advanced level of expertise. The firefighter rescued the cat from the fire. The alarm system provided an early warning. The suspect displayed unusual behavior. The twins looked the same. The river flowed continuously. The professor delivered a lecture. She looked back and reminisced. The expert was highly knowledgeable. The student submitted the assignment on time. The company organized a special event to celebrate the opening. The aspiring actor hoped for a successful career. They collaborated to produce a joint report. The chef cooked a delicious meal. The athlete displayed outstanding performance. He whispered quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping baby. The committee conducted a thorough investigation. She had a feeling of déjà vu. The book provided an in-depth analysis of the topic. In each sentence, identify and correct the redundant phrases: The final conclusion can only be determined at the end. She absolutely adored the cute little puppy. They each took turns sharing their own personal stories. The bright sunshine illuminated the entire room. He whispered in a soft whisper to avoid waking the baby. The futuristic technology is advancing rapidly into the future. The two identical twins looked exactly alike. She completely finished the entire book in one sitting. The new innovation brought forth a revolutionary change. The expert provided an expert analysis of the complex problem. They collaborated together to create a joint project. The CEO emphasized the urgent need for immediate action. The free gift was given as a bonus incentive. The advanced computer software is highly sophisticated. The artist painted a beautiful masterpiece of art. The river flowed continuously without stopping. The noisy thunder rumbled loudly in the dark night. The enthusiastic crowd loudly cheered for their favorite team. She personally met with each individual person. The summit took place at the very pinnacle of the mountain. The book offered a comprehensive and complete overview. The old tradition has been passed down from generation to generation. He was shocked and surprised by the unexpected turn of events. The mysterious stranger appeared out of nowhere suddenly. The scientific experiment yielded positive results in the end. The politician delivered a speech using fiery and passionate language. The wise mentor provided valuable guidance and advice. The experienced veteran shared his years of experience and knowledge. She briefly summarized the main points in a concise manner. The modern society of today faces new and unique challenges. answer The conclusion can only be determined at the end. She adored the cute little puppy. They took turns sharing their own stories. The sunshine illuminated the entire room. He whispered to avoid waking the baby. The futuristic technology is advancing rapidly. The two twins looked alike. She finished the book in one sitting. The new innovation brought forth a revolutionary change. The expert provided an analysis of the complex problem. They collaborated to create a joint project. The CEO emphasized the urgent need for action. The gift was given as a bonus incentive. The advanced computer software is highly sophisticated. The artist painted a beautiful masterpiece. The river flowed continuously. The noisy thunder rumbled in the dark night. The enthusiastic crowd cheered for their favorite team. She personally met with each person. The summit took place at the pinnacle of the mountain. The book offered a comprehensive overview. The old tradition has been passed down from generation to generation. He was shocked by the unexpected turn of events. The mysterious stranger appeared suddenly. The scientific experiment yielded positive results. The politician delivered a speech using passionate language. The wise mentor provided valuable guidance. The experienced veteran shared his knowledge. She briefly summarized the main points. The modern society faces new challenges. In each sentence, identify and correct the redundant phrases: The government has initiated a comprehensive plan for the overall improvement of the entire education system. The two parties engaged in a collaborative partnership to work together on the joint project. His unique perspective provided a new innovation in the field of cutting-edge technology. The committee conducted an extensive investigation to thoroughly examine the entire situation. The company implemented a strategic initiative to actively participate in the process of ongoing development. The expert speaker delivered an articulate presentation that clearly communicated the key essential points. The young prodigy demonstrated an exceptional talent that surpassed all expectations. The international conference attracted participants from various different countries around the world. The innovative design introduced a revolutionary change in the traditional architecture of the building structure. The seasoned veteran shared his extensive experience and valuable insights during the interactive discussion. The renowned artist created a magnificent masterpiece of art that showcased his unparalleled artistic skills. The advanced technology utilized a sophisticated algorithm to accurately predict and forecast future trends. The high-performance sports car exhibited an outstanding level of speed and velocity on the race track. The entrepreneur established a successful business venture that achieved a significant level of success. The talented musician performed a musical composition that demonstrated a high level of musical artistry. The intricate details of the complex problem were meticulously analyzed and carefully examined. The environmental organization is actively involved in the ongoing process of continuous improvement. The detective conducted an investigation to uncover the hidden secrets and mysteries surrounding the case. The novel introduced a new and fresh perspective on the historical events of the time period. The expert consultant provided valuable assistance and support to help facilitate the smooth transition of the organizational change process. The cutting-edge technology introduced a new era of advanced and sophisticated innovations in the field. The scientist conducted experiments to gather empirical evidence and tangible results for further analysis. The politician delivered a passionate and fiery speech that captivated the attention of the entire audience. The professional photographer captured stunning and breathtaking images that reflected the natural beauty of the landscape. The strategic plan outlined a detailed and comprehensive framework for the systematic implementation of the proposed initiatives. The entrepreneur initiated a startup company that introduced a groundbreaking and revolutionary product to the market. The skilled craftsman meticulously crafted and created a unique and one-of-a-kind piece of handmade furniture. The educational seminar provided in-depth insights and valuable knowledge on the intricacies of the complex subject matter. The renowned chef prepared a culinary masterpiece that delighted the senses and satisfied the taste buds of the discerning diners. The international collaboration resulted in the successful completion and execution of a global initiative to address environmental sustainability. answer The government has initiated a comprehensive plan for the improvement of the education system. The two parties engaged in a partnership to work on the joint project. His perspective provided innovation in the field of cutting-edge technology. The committee conducted an investigation to examine the situation. The company implemented a strategic initiative to participate in ongoing development. The expert speaker delivered a presentation that communicated the essential points. The young prodigy demonstrated talent that surpassed expectations. The international conference attracted participants from various countries around the world. The innovative design introduced a change in the traditional architecture of the building. The seasoned veteran shared experience and insights during the discussion. The renowned artist created a masterpiece that showcased artistic skills. The advanced technology utilized an algorithm to predict and forecast future trends. The high-performance sports car exhibited a level of speed and velocity on the race track. The entrepreneur established a business venture that achieved success. The talented musician performed a musical composition that demonstrated musical artistry. The intricate details of the problem were analyzed and examined. The environmental organization is involved in the process of continuous improvement. The detective conducted an investigation to uncover secrets and mysteries surrounding the case. The novel introduced a perspective on the historical events of the time period. The expert consultant provided assistance and support to help facilitate the transition of the organizational change process. The cutting-edge technology introduced an era of advanced and sophisticated innovations in the field. The scientist conducted experiments to gather evidence and tangible results for analysis. The politician delivered a speech that captivated the attention of the audience. The professional photographer captured images that reflected the natural beauty of the landscape. The strategic plan outlined a framework for the implementation of the proposed initiatives. The entrepreneur initiated a startup company that introduced a revolutionary product to the market. The skilled craftsman crafted a unique piece of handmade furniture. The educational seminar provided insights and knowledge on the intricacies of the complex subject matter. The renowned chef prepared a culinary masterpiece that delighted the senses and satisfied the taste buds of the diners. The international collaboration resulted in the completion and execution of a global initiative to address environmental sustainability.

Parallel structure, also known as parallelism or parallel construction, is a fundamental principle in English grammar that involves repeating the same grammatical form in various parts of a sentence. This technique enhances sentence clarity, readability, and overall writing style. While it's not always strictly incorrect to deviate from parallel structure, sentences with this feature are generally smoother and more balanced. Examples of Parallel Structure: Parallel Structure in a Series: Not Parallel: She enjoys hiking, swimming, reading, and to watch movies. Parallel: She enjoys hiking, swimming, reading, and watching movies. Parallel Structure with Verbs: Not Parallel: The team is committed to winning, playing fair, and maintaining sportsmanship. Parallel: The team is committed to winning, playing fair, and upholding sportsmanship. Parallel Structure with Phrases: Not Parallel: The conference focused on networking, learning new skills, and the importance of making connections. Parallel: The conference focused on networking, learning new skills, and understanding the importance of making connections. Parallel Structure with Clauses: Not Parallel: The manager addressed the team's concerns, proposed a solution, and discussing potential improvements. Parallel: The manager addressed the team's concerns, proposed a solution, and discussed potential improvements. Lists after a Colon: Not Parallel: The project requires careful planning: assigning tasks, creating schedules, to monitor progress, and a final review. Parallel: The project requires careful planning: assigning tasks, creating schedules, monitoring progress, and conducting a final review. Parallel Construction in Pairs: Using Coordinating Conjunctions: Not Parallel: He can choose between completing the assignment individually or collaborating with classmates. Parallel: He can choose between completing the assignment individually or working collaboratively with classmates. Correlative Conjunctions: Not Parallel: The project's success depends not only on hard work but also dedication and being disciplined. Parallel: The project's success depends not only on hard work but also on dedication and discipline. Words of Comparison: Not Parallel: She excels in singing more than dancing. Parallel: She excels in singing more than in dancing. Outlines and Headings: Headings that divide a paper into sections should also follow parallel structure. Similarly, elements in paper outlines should be parallel for clarity and coherence. Not Parallel: Key Objectives Gathering Data Analyzing Results To Form Conclusions Parallel: Key Objectives Gathering Data Analyzing Results Forming Conclusions Explanation: Headings and outlines benefit from parallel structure, making the organization of ideas clear and consistent. Examples Parallel Structure in a Series: Original: The concert features rock bands, jazz musicians, hip-hop artists, and performing classical ensembles. Revised: The concert features rock bands, jazz musicians, hip-hop artists, and classical ensembles performing. Parallel Structure with Verbs: Original: The successful entrepreneur is known for his ability to innovate, managing risks, and building a network. Revised: The successful entrepreneur is known for innovating, managing risks, and building a network. Parallel Structure with Phrases: Original: In the workshop, participants gained insights into effective communication, strategies for problem-solving, and analyzing data. Revised: In the workshop, participants gained insights into effective communication, problem-solving strategies, and data analysis. Parallel Structure with Clauses: Original: The new policy emphasizes transparency, ensuring accountability, and that employees follow ethical guidelines. Revised: The new policy emphasizes transparency, accountability, and adherence to ethical guidelines by employees. Lists after a Colon: Original: The project requires attention to detail: creating a timeline, collaborating with team members, and to present findings. Revised: The project requires attention to detail: creating a timeline, collaborating with team members, and presenting findings. Using Coordinating Conjunctions: Original: He is torn between accepting the job offer immediately or negotiating for better terms. Revised: He is torn between accepting the job offer immediately and negotiating for better terms. Correlative Conjunctions: Original: Her achievements can be attributed not just to talent but also to working hard and consistent dedication. Revised: Her achievements can be attributed not just to talent but also to hard work and consistent dedication. Words of Comparison: Original: She prefers attending workshops over reading self-help books. Revised: She prefers attending workshops over reading self-help books. Outlines and Headings: Original: Key Objectives Collecting Data Analysis of Results To Draw Conclusions Revised: Key Objectives Collecting Data Analyzing Results Drawing Conclusions Miscellaneous - Mixed Types: Original: The project demands creativity, meeting deadlines, strong collaboration, and that team members adhere to company policies. Revised: The project demands creativity, meeting deadlines, strong collaboration, and adherence to company policies by team members. Exercise: Identify Lack of Parallelism She enjoys skiing, to swim, and reading books. The project involves analyzing data, writing a report, and careful consideration. He is talented at playing the guitar, singing, and in composing music. Our goals include increasing sales, expand the market, and customer satisfaction. To succeed in the course, studying regularly, attending lectures, and to manage time effectively are essential. The team needs a leader who is decisive, communicates effectively, and capable of problem-solving. The benefits of exercise include improving cardiovascular health, enhancing flexibility, and it boosts mental clarity. The company emphasizes teamwork, creativity, and that employees should be punctual. The chef is known for his ability to create unique dishes, presentation skills, and delicious desserts. The conference covered topics like artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and discussions on the future of work. She is interested in history, writing poems, and studying philosophy. His hobbies include playing the piano, cooking, and a passion for gardening. The responsibilities of the job include answering emails, phone calls, and to attend meetings. In the workshop, participants learned about effective communication, negotiation strategies, and the importance of networking. We should focus on reducing waste, to recycle more, and the responsible use of resources. The concert featured pop singers, a rock band, and included a classical orchestra. The manager needs to address employee concerns, improve morale, and that everyone feels appreciated. The benefits of yoga include increased flexibility, reducing stress, and it improves mental health. To prepare for the exam, reviewing class notes, practicing problems, and making a study schedule is important. The company values honesty, integrity, and for employees to be transparent. She decided to take up painting, learning a new language, and taking dance lessons. The team faced challenges such as tight deadlines, pressure from clients, and working long hours. His daily routine involves waking up early, a workout at the gym, and to drink a cup of coffee. The goals of the project are to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and reducing costs. The new policy focuses on employee well-being, implementing diversity training, and to create an inclusive work environment. The benefits of meditation include reducing anxiety, achieving mental clarity, and it helps with insomnia. The manager is responsible for overseeing the team, developing strategies, and ensuring that goals are met. The advantages of online learning include flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and for students to access resources easily. He likes to travel, meet new people, and learning about different cultures. The tasks for the day involve attending a meeting, to finish the report, and to make important phone calls. Answers with Explanations: She enjoys skiing, to swim, and reading books.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "She enjoys skiing, swimming, and reading books." The project involves analyzing data, writing a report, and careful consideration.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The project involves analyzing data, writing a report, and considering carefully." He is talented at playing the guitar, singing, and in composing music.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "He is talented at playing the guitar, singing, and composing music." Our goals include increasing sales, expand the market, and customer satisfaction.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "Our goals include increasing sales, expanding the market, and satisfying customers." To succeed in the course, studying regularly, attending lectures, and to manage time effectively are essential.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To succeed in the course, studying regularly, attending lectures, and managing time effectively are essential." The team needs a leader who is decisive, communicates effectively, and capable of problem-solving.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The benefits of exercise include improving cardiovascular health, enhancing flexibility, and it boosts mental clarity.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The benefits of exercise include improving cardiovascular health, enhancing flexibility, and boosting mental clarity." The company emphasizes teamwork, creativity, and that employees should be punctual.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The company emphasizes teamwork, creativity, and punctuality." The chef is known for his ability to create unique dishes, presentation skills, and delicious desserts.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The chef is known for his ability to create unique dishes, present them skillfully, and make delicious desserts." The conference covered topics like artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and discussions on the future of work.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. She is interested in history, writing poems, and studying philosophy.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. His hobbies include playing the piano, cooking, and a passion for gardening.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "His hobbies include playing the piano, cooking, and cultivating a passion for gardening." The responsibilities of the job include answering emails, phone calls, and to attend meetings.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The responsibilities of the job include answering emails, attending phone calls, and attending meetings." In the workshop, participants learned about effective communication, negotiation strategies, and the importance of networking.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. We should focus on reducing waste, to recycle more, and the responsible use of resources.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "We should focus on reducing waste, recycling more, and responsibly using resources." The concert featured pop singers, a rock band, and included a classical orchestra.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The concert featured pop singers, a rock band, and a classical orchestra." The manager needs to address employee concerns, improve morale, and that everyone feels appreciated.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The manager needs to address employee concerns, improve morale, and ensure that everyone feels appreciated." The benefits of yoga include increased flexibility, reducing stress, and it improves mental health.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The benefits of yoga include increased flexibility, reduced stress, and improved mental health." To prepare for the exam, reviewing class notes, practicing problems, and making a study schedule is important.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To prepare for the exam, reviewing class notes, practicing problems, and creating a study schedule are important." The company values honesty, integrity, and for employees to be transparent.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The company values honesty, integrity, and transparency from employees." She decided to take up painting, learning a new language, and taking dance lessons.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "She decided to take up painting, learn a new language, and take dance lessons." The team faced challenges such as tight deadlines, pressure from clients, and working long hours.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. His daily routine involves waking up early, a workout at the gym, and to drink a cup of coffee.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "His daily routine involves waking up early, working out at the gym, and drinking a cup of coffee." The goals of the project are to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and reducing costs.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The goals of the project are to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and reduce costs." The new policy focuses on employee well-being, implementing diversity training, and to create an inclusive work environment.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The new policy focuses on employee well-being, implementing diversity training, and creating an inclusive work environment." The benefits of meditation include reducing anxiety, achieving mental clarity, and it helps with insomnia.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The benefits of meditation include reducing anxiety, achieving mental clarity, and aiding with insomnia." The manager is responsible for overseeing the team, developing strategies, and ensuring that goals are met.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The advantages of online learning include flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and for students to access resources easily.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The advantages of online learning include flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and easy access to resources for students." He likes to travel, meet new people, and learning about different cultures.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "He likes to travel, meet new people, and learn about different cultures." The tasks for the day involve attending a meeting, to finish the report, and to make important phone calls.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The tasks for the day involve attending a meeting, finishing the report, and making important phone calls." Identify Lack of Parallelism The manager is responsible for hiring new staff, training employees, and ensuring a harmonious workplace. The author excels not just in storytelling but also developing complex characters and the creation of vivid settings. In the scientific experiment, researchers measured temperature changes, analyzed data, and took note of any unexpected outcomes. The team discussed potential strategies, ways of implementing new technologies, and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the project. To master the art of negotiation, one must understand the psychology of persuasion, practice active listening, and to be adept at recognizing non-verbal cues. Her daily routine includes meditation, a morning run, and writing in a journal. The benefits of the training program include increased productivity, employee satisfaction, and contributing to a positive work culture. The CEO outlined the company's goals: to innovate in product development, expanding market share, and creating a sustainable business model. The project manager is responsible for assigning tasks, ensuring deadlines are met, and that all team members adhere to the company's policies. The successful completion of the project relies on effective communication, collaboration between team members, and having a shared vision. The course covers topics such as advanced mathematics, quantum physics, and understanding the principles of chaos theory. The architect is known for designing modern structures, sustainability in construction, and applying innovative engineering solutions. To excel in public speaking, one must overcome stage fright, delivering a speech confidently, and to engage with the audience effectively. The training program focuses on enhancing leadership skills, fostering teamwork, and providing insights into effective project management. The committee is tasked with reviewing grant applications, determining eligibility, and if they align with the organization's mission. The advantages of renewable energy sources include reducing environmental impact, creating sustainable energy solutions, and contributing to global efforts in climate change mitigation. The artist is recognized for his unique painting style, creating sculptures, and the use of mixed media. The new policy emphasizes accountability, transparency in decision-making, and that employees are involved in the decision-making process. In the workshop, participants learned about conflict resolution, negotiation techniques, and the importance of cultural competence. The company values honesty, integrity, and for employees to demonstrate ethical behavior in all business dealings. Answers with Explanations: The manager is responsible for hiring new staff, training employees, and ensuring a harmonious workplace.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The author excels not just in storytelling but also developing complex characters and the creation of vivid settings.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The author excels not just in storytelling but also in developing complex characters and creating vivid settings." In the scientific experiment, researchers measured temperature changes, analyzed data, and took note of any unexpected outcomes.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The team discussed potential strategies, ways of implementing new technologies, and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of the project.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. To master the art of negotiation, one must understand the psychology of persuasion, practice active listening, and to be adept at recognizing non-verbal cues.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To master the art of negotiation, one must understand the psychology of persuasion, practice active listening, and be adept at recognizing non-verbal cues." Her daily routine includes meditation, a morning run, and writing in a journal.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The benefits of the training program include increased productivity, employee satisfaction, and contributing to a positive work culture.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The CEO outlined the company's goals: to innovate in product development, expanding market share, and creating a sustainable business model.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The project manager is responsible for assigning tasks, ensuring deadlines are met, and that all team members adhere to the company's policies.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The successful completion of the project relies on effective communication, collaboration between team members, and having a shared vision.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The course covers topics such as advanced mathematics, quantum physics, and understanding the principles of chaos theory.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The architect is known for designing modern structures, sustainability in construction, and applying innovative engineering solutions.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. To excel in public speaking, one must overcome stage fright, delivering a speech confidently, and to engage with the audience effectively.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To excel in public speaking, one must overcome stage fright, deliver a speech confidently, and engage with the audience effectively." The training program focuses on enhancing leadership skills, fostering teamwork, and providing insights into effective project management.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The committee is tasked with reviewing grant applications, determining eligibility, and if they align with the organization's mission.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The committee is tasked with reviewing grant applications, determining eligibility, and ensuring alignment with the organization's mission." The advantages of renewable energy sources include reducing environmental impact, creating sustainable energy solutions, and contributing to global efforts in climate change mitigation.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The artist is recognized for his unique painting style, creating sculptures, and the use of mixed media.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The new policy emphasizes accountability, transparency in decision-making, and that employees are involved in the decision-making process.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The new policy emphasizes accountability, transparency in decision-making, and employee involvement in the decision-making process." In the workshop, participants learned about conflict resolution, negotiation techniques, and the importance of cultural competence.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The company values honesty, integrity, and for employees to demonstrate ethical behavior in all business dealings.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The company values honesty, integrity, and ethical behavior demonstrated by employees in all business dealings." GMAT-Style Exercise: Identify Lack of Parallelism The team needs to prioritize improving communication skills, working collaboratively, and to develop a strategic plan. In his presentation, he covered topics such as market trends, potential challenges, and how to develop effective strategies. To succeed in business, one must have a clear vision, the ability to adapt to changes, and managing resources efficiently. The project manager is responsible for overseeing the project timeline, managing the budget, and ensuring the team is working efficiently. The benefits of the new software include increased productivity, saving time, and that it's user-friendly. The CEO emphasized the importance of setting ambitious goals, to maintain a positive company culture, and fostering innovation. The course curriculum covers subjects like financial management, strategic marketing, and how to negotiate effectively. The successful completion of the research paper requires conducting thorough literature reviews, collecting relevant data, and organize findings logically. Her hobbies include playing the guitar, painting landscapes, and hiking in the mountains. The committee discussed potential candidates, strategies for fundraising, and how to organize events successfully. To improve writing skills, practice proofreading, understanding grammar rules, and to write consistently. The company values transparency, to communicate openly with clients, and being accountable for actions. The conference aimed at discussing recent advancements in technology, networking opportunities, and exploring potential collaborations. The benefits of regular exercise include reducing stress, improving cardiovascular health, and increased energy levels. The responsibilities of the position involve coordinating schedules, handling correspondence, and that meetings are scheduled efficiently. Answers with Explanations: The team needs to prioritize improving communication skills, working collaboratively, and to develop a strategic plan.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The team needs to prioritize improving communication skills, working collaboratively, and developing a strategic plan." In his presentation, he covered topics such as market trends, potential challenges, and how to develop effective strategies.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. To succeed in business, one must have a clear vision, the ability to adapt to changes, and managing resources efficiently.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To succeed in business, one must have a clear vision, the ability to adapt to changes, and the skill to manage resources efficiently." The project manager is responsible for overseeing the project timeline, managing the budget, and ensuring the team is working efficiently.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The benefits of the new software include increased productivity, saving time, and that it's user-friendly.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The benefits of the new software include increased productivity, time savings, and user-friendliness." The CEO emphasized the importance of setting ambitious goals, to maintain a positive company culture, and fostering innovation.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The CEO emphasized the importance of setting ambitious goals, maintaining a positive company culture, and fostering innovation." The course curriculum covers subjects like financial management, strategic marketing, and how to negotiate effectively.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The successful completion of the research paper requires conducting thorough literature reviews, collecting relevant data, and organize findings logically.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The successful completion of the research paper requires conducting thorough literature reviews, collecting relevant data, and organizing findings logically." Her hobbies include playing the guitar, painting landscapes, and hiking in the mountains.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The committee discussed potential candidates, strategies for fundraising, and how to organize events successfully.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The committee discussed potential candidates, strategies for fundraising, and successful event organization." To improve writing skills, practice proofreading, understanding grammar rules, and to write consistently.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To improve writing skills, practice proofreading, understand grammar rules, and write consistently." The company values transparency, to communicate openly with clients, and being accountable for actions.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The company values transparency, communicating openly with clients, and being accountable for actions." The conference aimed at discussing recent advancements in technology, networking opportunities, and exploring potential collaborations.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The benefits of regular exercise include reducing stress, improving cardiovascular health, and increased energy levels.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The responsibilities of the position involve coordinating schedules, handling correspondence, and that meetings are scheduled efficiently.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The responsibilities of the position involve coordinating schedules, handling correspondence, and scheduling meetings efficiently." Identify Lack of Parallelism The successful candidate should be adept at problem-solving, having excellent communication skills, and can lead a team effectively. The workshop covered topics such as artificial intelligence, understanding machine learning algorithms, and participants had hands-on experience. To succeed in the business world, professionals must possess critical thinking skills, the ability to make informed decisions, and being adaptable to changing environments. The team discussed potential strategies, the implications of market trends, and how to leverage innovative technologies. The benefits of the program include networking opportunities, access to valuable resources, and for participants to improve their leadership skills. The CEO outlined the company's goals: achieving financial stability, expanding market reach, and ensuring employees are satisfied with their work. The project manager is responsible for coordinating tasks, managing budgets, and to ensure that the project is delivered on time. In the negotiation process, it is crucial to be assertive, understanding the needs of the other party, and finding common ground. The new policy focuses on increasing employee satisfaction, encouraging diversity, and the implementation of environmentally friendly practices. The responsibilities of the role include developing marketing strategies, managing client relationships, and ensuring that the team meets project deadlines. To excel in leadership, one must possess strong interpersonal skills, inspire team members, and to have a strategic vision. The architect is renowned for designing sustainable structures, integrating eco-friendly technologies, and ensuring that buildings are aesthetically pleasing. The success of the research project depends on thorough data analysis, interpreting results accurately, and drawing meaningful conclusions. The workshop aims to cover advanced programming languages, understanding complex algorithms, and to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios. The responsibilities of the role involve overseeing day-to-day operations, managing staff, and that the organization complies with regulatory standards. Answers with Explanations: The successful candidate should be adept at problem-solving, having excellent communication skills, and can lead a team effectively.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The successful candidate should be adept at problem-solving, have excellent communication skills, and be able to lead a team effectively." The workshop covered topics such as artificial intelligence, understanding machine learning algorithms, and participants had hands-on experience.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The workshop covered topics such as artificial intelligence, understanding machine learning algorithms, and provided participants with hands-on experience." To succeed in the business world, professionals must possess critical thinking skills, the ability to make informed decisions, and being adaptable to changing environments.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "To succeed in the business world, professionals must possess critical thinking skills, the ability to make informed decisions, and be adaptable to changing environments." The team discussed potential strategies, the implications of market trends, and how to leverage innovative technologies.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The benefits of the program include networking opportunities, access to valuable resources, and for participants to improve their leadership skills.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The CEO outlined the company's goals: achieving financial stability, expanding market reach, and ensuring employees are satisfied with their work.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The project manager is responsible for coordinating tasks, managing budgets, and to ensure that the project is delivered on time.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The project manager is responsible for coordinating tasks, managing budgets, and ensuring that the project is delivered on time." In the negotiation process, it is crucial to be assertive, understanding the needs of the other party, and finding common ground.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The new policy focuses on increasing employee satisfaction, encouraging diversity, and the implementation of environmentally friendly practices.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The responsibilities of the role include developing marketing strategies, managing client relationships, and ensuring that the team meets project deadlines.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. To excel in leadership, one must possess strong interpersonal skills, inspire team members, and to have a strategic vision.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The architect is renowned for designing sustainable structures, integrating eco-friendly technologies, and ensuring that buildings are aesthetically pleasing.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The success of the research project depends on thorough data analysis, interpreting results accurately, and drawing meaningful conclusions.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The workshop aims to cover advanced programming languages, understanding complex algorithms, and to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios.Explanation: Correct; parallel structure is maintained. The responsibilities of the role involve overseeing day-to-day operations, managing staff, and that the organization complies with regulatory standards.Explanation: Lack of parallelism; should be "The responsibilities of the role involve overseeing day-to-day operations, managing staff, and ensuring that the organization complies with regulatory standards."

list of common preposition errors with examples and explanations: Wrong preposition after "angry": Incorrect: She is angry with me. Correct: She is angry at me. Explanation: "Angry" is generally followed by "at" when referring to a person. Incorrect use of "different": Incorrect: The two options are different from each other. Correct: The two options are different from one another. Explanation: Use "from one another" instead of "from each other" with "different." Incorrect use of "independent": Incorrect: The organization is independent in the government. Correct: The organization is independent of the government. Explanation: Use "independent of" to show separation or lack of reliance. Wrong preposition after "discuss": Incorrect: Let's discuss about the project. Correct: Let's discuss the project. Explanation: "Discuss" does not need "about" after it. Incorrect use of "interested": Incorrect: I am interested in about learning French. Correct: I am interested in learning French. Explanation: "Interested in" is followed directly by the object of interest. Incorrect use of "complain": Incorrect: She complained from the noise. Correct: She complained about the noise. Explanation: "Complain about" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "capable": Incorrect: He is capable with solving complex problems. Correct: He is capable of solving complex problems. Explanation: "Capable of" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "congratulate": Incorrect: I want to congratulate you for your success. Correct: I want to congratulate you on your success. Explanation: Use "congratulate on" instead of "congratulate for." Incorrect use of "bored": Incorrect: I am bored from waiting. Correct: I am bored with waiting. Explanation: "Bored with" is the correct expression. Misuse of "depend": Incorrect: The success depends from hard work. Correct: The success depends on hard work. Explanation: "Depend on" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "similar": Incorrect: The two paintings are similar in each other. Correct: The two paintings are similar to each other. Explanation: "Similar to" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "familiar": Incorrect: She is not familiar from this concept. Correct: She is not familiar with this concept. Explanation: "Familiar with" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "protect": Incorrect: The policy protects to all employees. Correct: The policy protects all employees. Explanation: "Protect" does not need "to" after it. Misuse of "consist": Incorrect: The team consists to experienced professionals. Correct: The team consists of experienced professionals. Explanation: "Consist of" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "involve": Incorrect: The process involves with several steps. Correct: The process involves several steps. Explanation: "Involve" does not need "with" after it. Wrong preposition after "dream": Incorrect: I dream to becoming a pilot. Correct: I dream of becoming a pilot. Explanation: "Dream of" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "accuse": Incorrect: They accused him to stealing the money. Correct: They accused him of stealing the money. Explanation: "Accuse of" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "marry": Incorrect: He married with her last year. Correct: He married her last year. Explanation: "Marry" does not need "with" after it. Wrong preposition after "enjoy": Incorrect: I enjoy in listening to music. Correct: I enjoy listening to music. Explanation: "Enjoy" does not need "in" after it. Misuse of "recover": Incorrect: She is recovering from her illness. Correct: She is recovering from her illness. Explanation: "Recover from" is the correct expression. Incorrect use of "apologize": Incorrect: He apologized for being late of the meeting. Correct: He apologized for being late to the meeting. Explanation: "Apologize for" is the correct phrase. Wrong preposition after "agree": Incorrect: They agreed about the terms. Correct: They agreed on the terms. Explanation: "Agree on" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "succeed": Incorrect: She succeeded from finishing the project. Correct: She succeeded in finishing the project. Explanation: "Succeed in" is the correct phrase. Misuse of "blame": Incorrect: They blamed him for the mistake on the report. Correct: They blamed him for the mistake in the report. Explanation: "Blame for" is the correct phrase. Wrong preposition after "angry": Incorrect: The boss is angry for the delayed project. Correct: The boss is angry about the delayed project. Explanation: "Angry about" is the correct expression. Incorrect use of "conform": Incorrect: Employees must conform to the company policies. Correct: Employees must conform to the company policies. Explanation: "Conform to" is the correct expression. Incorrect use of "content": Incorrect: He is content with the result of the experiment. Correct: He is content with the result of the experiment. Explanation: "Content with" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "excellent": Incorrect: She is excellent on playing the piano. Correct: She is excellent at playing the piano. Explanation: "Excellent at" is the correct phrase. Misuse of "object": Incorrect: She objects against the proposed changes. Correct: She objects to the proposed changes. Explanation: "Object to" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "cope": Incorrect: He can cope with the pressure in his job. Correct: He can cope with the pressure in his job. Explanation: "Cope with" is the correct expression. Incorrect use of "attribute": Incorrect: She attributes her success to her hard work on. Correct: She attributes her success to her hard work. Explanation: "Attribute to" is the correct phrase. Wrong preposition after "compare": Incorrect: Let's compare prices between these two products. Correct: Let's compare prices of these two products. Explanation: "Compare prices of" is the correct expression. Misuse of "exempt": Incorrect: The new policy is exempt from certain employees. Correct: The new policy is exempt for certain employees. Explanation: "Exempt for" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "approve": Incorrect: The committee approved on the new proposal. Correct: The committee approved the new proposal. Explanation: "Approved the" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "beneficial": Incorrect: Exercise is beneficial to maintaining good health. Correct: Exercise is beneficial for maintaining good health. Explanation: "Beneficial for" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "demand": Incorrect: The workers are demanding from better working conditions. Correct: The workers are demanding better working conditions. Explanation: "Demanding" does not need "from" after it. Misuse of "responsible": Incorrect: She is responsible from managing the team. Correct: She is responsible for managing the team. Explanation: "Responsible for" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "contribute": Incorrect: The volunteers contributed with their time for the charity. Correct: The volunteers contributed their time to the charity. Explanation: "Contributed their" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "devoted": Incorrect: He is devoted on his family. Correct: He is devoted to his family. Explanation: "Devoted to" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "concerned": Incorrect: The manager is concerned for the project's progress. Correct: The manager is concerned about the project's progress. Explanation: "Concerned about" is the correct expression. Misuse of "dissatisfied": Incorrect: The customer is dissatisfied from the service. Correct: The customer is dissatisfied with the service. Explanation: "Dissatisfied with" is the correct phrase. Wrong preposition after "consist": Incorrect: The team consists from skilled professionals. Correct: The team consists of skilled professionals. Explanation: "Consists of" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "aware": Incorrect: She is aware about the upcoming changes. Correct: She is aware of the upcoming changes. Explanation: "Aware of" is the correct expression. Incorrect use of "argue": Incorrect: They argued about the decision in the meeting. Correct: They argued the decision in the meeting. Explanation: "Argued the" is the correct phrase. Wrong preposition after "prevent": Incorrect: Regular exercise can prevent to developing certain diseases. Correct: Regular exercise can prevent the development of certain diseases. Explanation: "Prevent the development of" is the correct expression. Misuse of "participate": Incorrect: The students are participating on the science fair. Correct: The students are participating in the science fair. Explanation: "Participating in" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "accompany": Incorrect: She accompanied with him to the event. Correct: She accompanied him to the event. Explanation: "Accompanied him" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "consistent": Incorrect: Her performance is not consistent with the team's expectations. Correct: Her performance is not consistent with the team's expectations. Explanation: "Consistent with" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "approve": Incorrect: The committee approved with the new policy. Correct: The committee approved the new policy. Explanation: "Approved the" is the correct expression. Misuse of "prevent": Incorrect: Good hygiene practices can prevent from getting sick. Correct: Good hygiene practices can prevent getting sick. Explanation: "Prevent getting" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "interfere": Incorrect: The manager interfered in the team's work. Correct: The manager interfered with the team's work. Explanation: "Interfered with" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "compete": Incorrect: The athletes are competing for each other. Correct: The athletes are competing against each other. Explanation: "Competing against" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "agree": Incorrect: They agreed for the terms of the contract. Correct: They agreed to the terms of the contract. Explanation: "Agreed to" is the correct expression. Misuse of "enthusiastic": Incorrect: She is enthusiastic in participating in the project. Correct: She is enthusiastic about participating in the project. Explanation: "Enthusiastic about" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "respond": Incorrect: The company responded back to the customer's complaint. Correct: The company responded to the customer's complaint. Explanation: "Responded to" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "adjacent": Incorrect: The park is adjacent from the shopping center. Correct: The park is adjacent to the shopping center. Explanation: "Adjacent to" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "admit": Incorrect: He admitted from making a mistake. Correct: He admitted to making a mistake. Explanation: "Admitted to" is the correct expression. Misuse of "focused": Incorrect: The team is focused on achieving their goals. Correct: The team is focused on achieving their goals. Explanation: "Focused on" is the correct phrase. Incorrect use of "rely": Incorrect: The project team relies with the support of the stakeholders. Correct: The project team relies on the support of the stakeholders. Explanation: "Relies on" is the correct expression. Wrong preposition after "sympathize": Incorrect: I sympathize from your difficult situation. Correct: I sympathize with your difficult situation. Explanation: "Sympathize with" is the correct phrase. Identify the issue in each sentence and provide the corrected version along with the type of error. The team is waiting for the approval of from the manager. Correction: The team is waiting for the approval from the manager. Error Type: Wrong preposition. He is obsessed with succeeding in at every endeavor. Correction: He is obsessed with succeeding in every endeavor. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. We need to plan for to the upcoming project. Correction: We need to plan for the upcoming project. Error Type: Unnecessary preposition. She is allergic with to peanuts. Correction: She is allergic to peanuts. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. The report provides insights on about the market trends. Correction: The report provides insights about the market trends. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The cat jumped up onto the kitchen counter. Correction: The cat jumped onto the kitchen counter. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. The artist is famous for creating sculptures out from of stone. Correction: The artist is famous for creating sculptures out of stone. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The movie is adapted from out of a classic novel. Correction: The movie is adapted from a classic novel. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. They are interested in to joining the committee. Correction: They are interested in joining the committee. Error Type: Unnecessary preposition. The students are enthusiastic about participating in on the science fair. Correction: The students are enthusiastic about participating in the science fair. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. He excels in at solving complex equations. Correction: He excels at solving complex equations. Error Type: Unnecessary preposition. The manager is responsible for overseeing on the project timeline. Correction: The manager is responsible for overseeing the project timeline. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The chef is skilled at in preparing exotic cuisines. Correction: The chef is skilled at preparing exotic cuisines. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The event was canceled due to unforeseen circumstances for. Correction: The event was canceled due to unforeseen circumstances. Error Type: Unnecessary preposition. The company is known for its commitment to for sustainability. Correction: The company is known for its commitment to sustainability. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The package is delivered to in the wrong address. Correction: The package is delivered to the wrong address. Error Type: Redundancy of prepositions. The book is lying on at the shelf. Correction: The book is lying on the shelf. Error Type: Wrong preposition. The athlete is dedicated for achieving success to. Correction: The athlete is dedicated to achieving success. Error Type: Unnecessary preposition. The project team is committed to delivering exceptional results. Correction: The project team is committed to delivering exceptional results. Error Type: Correct. She is waiting outside of the building. Correction: She is waiting outside the building. Error Type: Wrong preposition. Identify the incorrect preposition in each sentence and provide the correct one. She is allergic with pollen. The team consists from experienced players. He is obsessed for his smartphone. The keys are located at the kitchen counter. We need to be aware for our surroundings. The cat is hiding underneath the bed. She is interested about learning new languages. The report provides information from various sources. He is proud on his achievements. The movie is based over a true story. We are excited in our upcoming vacation. The company is focused at customer satisfaction. The teacher is responsible for the students' progress. The concert will take place in the auditorium. The package is delivered to the wrong address. She is skilled on playing the piano. The restaurant is famous of its delicious desserts. He is confident in his ability to solve problems. The presentation is related with important topics. The cat jumped from the roof. They are dependent to each other. The solution lies on cooperation. The recipe calls for fresh ingredients. The movie was adapted by a bestselling novel. The sculpture is made by a famous artist. The team is committed with achieving success. The photo captures a moment at time. The event is scheduled on Friday. The job requires expertise at financial analysis. The room is filled of laughter. Answers: She is allergic to pollen. The team consists of experienced players. He is obsessed with his smartphone. The keys are located on the kitchen counter. We need to be aware of our surroundings. The cat is hiding under the bed. She is interested in learning new languages. The report provides information from various sources. He is proud of his achievements. The movie is based on a true story. We are excited about our upcoming vacation. The company is focused on customer satisfaction. The teacher is responsible for the students' progress. The concert will take place in the auditorium. The package is delivered to the wrong address. She is skilled at playing the piano. The restaurant is famous for its delicious desserts. He is confident in his ability to solve problems. The presentation is related to important topics. The cat jumped off the roof. They are dependent on each other. The solution lies in cooperation. The recipe calls for fresh ingredients. The movie was adapted from a bestselling novel. The sculpture is made by a famous artist. The team is committed to achieving success. The photo captures a moment in time. The event is scheduled for Friday. The job requires expertise in financial analysis. The room is filled with laughter. Identify the incorrect preposition in each sentence and provide the correct one. She is proficient for three languages. The cat jumped down of the table. The project is dependent in various factors. The artist painted a portrait by his mother. The company specializes for marketing strategies. The student is worried from her upcoming exams. We are excited in our new house. The novel is based at a true story. The professor is knowledgeable about the subject. The concert will take place on the park. He is envious from his colleague's success. The team is confident on winning the championship. The new software is compatible in multiple devices. The conference is scheduled at Monday. The recipe calls from fresh ingredients. The photographer captured a moment in history. The job requires expertise with computer programming. The manager is responsible on the project's success. The book is adapted by a classic novel. The company is focused for customer satisfaction. The car is parked in front the building. The students are passionate on their research. The movie is directed of a famous director. The team is committed to achieving its goals. The document is related with important information. The musician is skilled in playing multiple instruments. The event is happening in Friday. The solution lies at cooperation. She is allergic of cats. The children are dependent from their parents. Answers: She is proficient in three languages. The cat jumped down off the table. The project is dependent on various factors. The artist painted a portrait of his mother. The company specializes in marketing strategies. The student is worried about her upcoming exams. We are excited about our new house. The novel is based on a true story. The professor is knowledgeable about the subject. The concert will take place in the park. He is envious of his colleague's success. The team is confident of winning the championship. The new software is compatible with multiple devices. The conference is scheduled for Monday. The recipe calls for fresh ingredients. The photographer captured a moment in history. The job requires expertise in computer programming. The manager is responsible for the project's success. The book is adapted from a classic novel. The company is focused on customer satisfaction. The car is parked in front of the building. The students are passionate about their research. The movie is directed by a famous director. The team is committed to achieving its goals. The document is related to important information. The musician is skilled at playing multiple instruments. The event is happening on Friday. The solution lies in cooperation. She is allergic to cats. The children are dependent on their parents. Identify the unnecessary preposition in each sentence and suggest the correct version without it. She is waiting for outside the building. The book is on the table over there. He is proficient with playing the guitar. The cat jumped up onto the roof. The team is discussing the project about in the conference room. The car is parked in in front of the house. They are interested in about joining the club. The student is confused about on the topic. The party will be held in at the community center. He excels at in solving mathematical problems. The concert will take place at on the stadium. She is afraid of from spiders. We need to plan for for the upcoming event. He is skilled at in playing the piano. The company is known for for its excellent customer service. The report provides insights in on market trends. The artist is famous for for creating beautiful sculptures. The children are excited for about the field trip. The manager is experienced in with project management. The recipe calls for for fresh ingredients. Answers: She is waiting outside the building. The book is on the table there. He is proficient playing the guitar. The cat jumped onto the roof. The team is discussing the project in the conference room. The car is parked in front of the house. They are interested in joining the club. The student is confused on the topic. The party will be held at the community center. He excels in solving mathematical problems. The concert will take place at the stadium. She is afraid of spiders. We need to plan for the upcoming event. He is skilled at playing the piano. The company is known for its excellent customer service. The report provides insights on market trends. The artist is famous for creating beautiful sculptures. The children are excited about the field trip. The manager is experienced with project management. The recipe calls for fresh ingredients.

An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs often provide information about how, when, where, or to what degree an action is performed. They add details to sentences, helping to provide a clearer picture of the action or circumstance. Here are some examples of adverbs in sentences: She sings beautifully. (Describes how she sings) They arrived late. (Describes when they arrived) He works extremely hard. (Describes the degree of his hard work) The dog ran quickly. (Describes how the dog ran) They live nearby. (Describes the location of their residence) Adverbs can answer questions like "how," "when," "where," "why," and "to what extent." They play a crucial role in enhancing the meaning and precision of sentences in English. Types of Adverb Adverbs of Manner: Description: Adverbs of manner describe how an action is performed. Examples: She sang beautifully during the concert. The chef prepared the dish carefully to avoid any mistakes. The children played in the garden joyfully. He answered the question quickly. They completed the project efficiently. The athlete ran the marathon tirelessly. Description: Adverbs of frequency indicate how often an action occurs. Examples: I always brush my teeth twice a day. They rarely go to the beach during weekdays. She visits her grandparents occasionally on weekends. We usually have dinner at 7 PM every day. He never forgets birthdays anymore. They jog in the park seldom. Description: Adverbs of time provide information about when an action takes place. Examples: They will arrive tomorrow for the conference. She woke up early to catch the sunrise. He left the office at noon sharp. The party starts soon after sunset. We go to the gym every evening. The train departs tonight. Description: Adverbs of place describe the location or direction of an action. Examples: The cat is hiding upstairs in the attic. They looked everywhere for the lost keys. The kids are playing outside in the garden. She placed the keys here on the table. We searched high and low but couldn't find it. The restaurant is nearby. Description: Adverbs of degree modify the intensity or degree of an adjective, adverb, or verb. Examples: It's very hot outside, so be careful. She works extremely hard to meet her goals. He is quite intelligent for his age. They are somewhat disappointed with the results. The movie was too loud for my liking. The exam was rather difficult. Description: Adverbs of certainty indicate the level of certainty or probability of an action. Examples: Certainly, I can help you with the task. He will probably be late due to traffic. She is undoubtedly talented in her field. It may rain later, so bring an umbrella. I am surely coming to the party, barring any unforeseen events. The team is almost certain to win the championship. Description: Adverbs of sequence specify the order or sequence of actions. Examples: First, we need to prepare the ingredients for the recipe. Secondly, mix the flour and sugar thoroughly. Finally, bake the cake in the oven at 350°F. Next, add the spices for flavor. Last, enjoy your delicious homemade meal. Initially, gather all the required materials for the experiment. Identify the adverb in each sentence and specify its type (manner, frequency, time, place, degree, certainty, or sequence). She spoke softly during the meeting. They usually travel by train. The sun sets beautifully over the horizon. I will arrive there tomorrow morning. The children played outside joyfully. He worked too quickly on the assignment. She has never been to Paris. We often go hiking in the mountains. The car is parked right here. The storm arrived unexpectedly. He read the book silently. They will probably finish the project by next week. She danced gracefully at the ballet. They shouted loudly at the concert. I am certainly looking forward to the event. The cat is sleeping peacefully on the windowsill. We traveled to Rome last summer. He completed the puzzle successfully. The meeting will commence shortly. The team won the championship convincingly. Answer She spoke softly during the meeting. (Manner: softly) They usually travel by train. (Frequency: usually) The sun sets beautifully over the horizon. (Manner: beautifully) I will arrive there tomorrow morning. (Time: tomorrow morning) The children played outside joyfully. (Manner: joyfully; Place: outside) He worked too quickly on the assignment. (Degree: too quickly) She has never been to Paris. (Frequency: never; Place: to Paris) We often go hiking in the mountains. (Frequency: often; Place: in the mountains) The car is parked right here. (Place: right here) The storm arrived unexpectedly. (Manner: unexpectedly) He read the book silently. (Manner: silently) They will probably finish the project by next week. (Certainty: probably; Time: by next week) She danced gracefully at the ballet. (Manner: gracefully) They shouted loudly at the concert. (Manner: loudly) I am certainly looking forward to the event. (Certainty: certainly) The cat is sleeping peacefully on the windowsill. (Manner: peacefully; Place: on the windowsill) We traveled to Rome last summer. (Time: last summer) He completed the puzzle successfully. (Degree: successfully) The meeting will commence shortly. (Time: shortly) The team won the championship convincingly. (Manner: convincingly) Identify the adverb in each sentence and specify its type (manner, frequency, time, place, degree, certainty, sequence, or conjunctive) The gymnast performed the routine gracefully, earning a perfect score. The professor teaches the class twice a week. Now, close your books and take a break. The students gathered here for the club meeting. The chef added salt to the dish sparingly, as it needed only a hint of flavor. However, despite the setback, the team continued with the project. She completed the task quickly, demonstrating her efficiency. The train arrives at the station daily at 8 AM. The hikers reached the summit finally, after hours of climbing. Moreover, the CEO emphasized the importance of teamwork in the company's success. The detective searched for evidence thoroughly, examining every detail. The speaker addressed the audience eloquently, captivating their attention. The singer hit the high note perfectly, impressing the entire audience. The driver navigated the winding roads carefully, avoiding any mishaps. The storm arrived unexpectedly, catching everyone by surprise. The artist painted the mural vibrantly, using a myriad of colors. The athlete trained intensely, preparing for the upcoming championship. The CEO discussed the financial report briefly, summarizing key points. The children played outside, enjoying the warm sunshine. Meanwhile, the researchers continued their experiments in the lab. Answer: gracefully (Manner) twice (Frequency) Now (Time) here (Place) sparingly (Degree) However (Conjunctive) quickly (Manner) daily (Frequency) finally (Sequence) Moreover (Conjunctive) thoroughly (Manner) eloquently (Manner) perfectly (Degree) carefully (Manner) unexpectedly (Manner) vibrantly (Manner) intensely (Degree) briefly (Degree) outside (Place) Meanwhile (Conjunctive)

Ellipsis in English grammar occurs when we omit certain elements that are expected based on grammatical rules. It is a common phenomenon in spoken and informal English. Let's explore different aspects of ellipsis with new examples: General Ellipsis Examples: Absolutely sure [that] she's coming to the party. I'm absolutely sure she's coming to the party. A: [Have you] Checked the weather forecast? B: Yes, [I’ve] Checked it. Looks like rain. She sang and [she] played the guitar simultaneously. She sang and played the guitar at the same time. A: [Are] You coming to the meeting? B: Yes. [I’m] Definitely attending. [I’m] Just running a bit late. Textual Ellipsis Examples: 5. I knew [that] something wonderful would happen. I knew something wonderful would happen. We went for a walk and [we] took some amazing photos. We went for a walk and took some amazing photos. Situational Ellipsis Examples: 7. [I] Wonder where Steve is. Wonder where Steve is? A: I saw Janice in town. [She] Said she’s getting married next year. B: Really? A: Yeah. [She] Met some guy and got engaged after only a couple of weeks, apparently. [Is] Richard coming tonight? Is Richard coming tonight? Subject Pronouns & Auxiliary Verbs Examples: 10. [Have you] Finished your homework? - Finished your homework? A: [Do you] Want some tea? B: Is there any? A: Yeah. [I’ve] Just made some. [Is] Richard coming tonight? Is Richard coming tonight? Questions with Question Tags Examples: 13. [He] Gave up his job, did he? I thought he would. - Gave up his job, did he? I thought he would. [You] Wrote to the local newspaper, did you? Good idea. Wrote to the local newspaper, did you? Good idea. Articles Omission Examples: 15. [The] Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? - Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? A: What are you looking for? B: [A] Pen. Can you see one anywhere? What are you looking for? Pen. Can you see one anywhere? Fixed Expressions Examples: 17. I’d love to go with you. [The] Trouble is, I’ve got to work this Saturday. - I’d love to go with you. Trouble is, I’ve got to work on Saturday this week. I can’t read that. I’m [as] Blind as a bat without my glasses. I can’t read that. I’m blind as a bat without my glasses. 30 advanced examples of ellipsis, each based on separate rules: After the intense workout, the athlete felt invigorated; the coach, accomplished. (Coordination ellipsis) She tackled the difficult negotiations; he, the diplomatic relations. (Coordination ellipsis) The singer delivered a powerful performance; the guitarist, a mesmerizing solo. (Coordination ellipsis) The CEO outlined the strategic plan; the CFO, the financial projections. (Coordination ellipsis) The scientist conducted groundbreaking research; the collaborator, complementary studies. (Coordination ellipsis) The movie director focused on cinematography; the screenwriter, engaging dialogue. (Coordination ellipsis) The software engineer debugged the code; the tester, various scenarios. (Coordination ellipsis) The chef perfected the dessert; the pastry chef, the intricate decorations. (Coordination ellipsis) The architect designed the exterior; the interior designer, the aesthetic interiors. (Coordination ellipsis) The professor discussed the historical context; the guest lecturer, the contemporary implications. (Coordination ellipsis) She could sleep in the study on the sofa. (Substitution) The Chairman threatened to resign, and he finally did so in 2008. (Substitution) I’d better not [have another cake]. I’m supposed to be on a diet. (Subject Pronoun Ellipsis) [Is] Richard coming tonight? (Auxiliary Verb Ellipsis) I can’t read that. I’m [as] blind as a bat without my glasses. (Fixed Expression Ellipsis) [The] Dog wants to go out. Can you open the door for him? (Article Ellipsis) We went for a walk and [we] took some lovely photographs. (Coordination ellipsis) He wrote to [everyone he could think of who might help] and [he] phoned everyone he could think of who might help. (Coordination ellipsis) The scientist conducted groundbreaking research; the collaborator, complementary studies. (Coordination ellipsis) I knew [that] something terrible had happened. (Textual ellipsis) Maureen was glad [that] we had called in to see her. (Textual ellipsis) Are you afraid [that] you won’t get a job when you leave college? (Textual ellipsis) We went for a walk and [we] took some lovely photographs. (Textual ellipsis) He wrote to [everyone he could think of who might help] and [he] phoned everyone he could think of who might help. (Textual ellipsis) I can remember his face but [I] can’t remember his name. (Textual ellipsis) Do you want to stay in or [do you want to] go out tonight? (Textual ellipsis) The pilot navigated the flight path; the co-pilot, the communication with air traffic control. (Coordination ellipsis) The teacher explained complex concepts; the tutor, individualized learning strategies. (Coordination ellipsis) The event planner coordinated logistics; the decorator, the aesthetic arrangements. (Coordination ellipsis) The conductor led the orchestra; the concertmaster, the synchronization of instruments. (Coordination ellipsis) 30 advanced examples showcasing different types of ellipsis: He prefers fiction; she, non-fiction. You can either join us for coffee or watch a movie; the choice is yours. Some liked the new policy, while others vehemently opposed it. The concert was unforgettable; the play, not so much. In summer, she enjoys swimming; in winter, skiing. They invested in stocks; we, in real estate. The politician promised reforms; his opponent, stability. The chef recommends the pasta; the waiter, the seafood. After the meeting, John headed to the gym; Jane, to the library. Our team won the championship; theirs, the hearts of the fans. The project requires dedication; the timeline, precision. His strengths lie in strategy; hers, in execution. The detective found the clue; the journalist, the hidden truth. During the discussion, he emphasized facts; she, the emotional impact. You can choose the red dress; I, the blue one. He adores classical music; she, the energy of rock. The explorer conquered mountains; the scientist, uncharted territories. His art is abstract; hers, realism. The professor emphasizes theory; the practitioner, practicality. The company values innovation; the competitor, tradition. The architect designed the exterior; the interior, by a different artist. He finished the main course; she, the delectable dessert. The car is fuel-efficient; the bike, environmentally friendly. In negotiations, he prioritizes compromise; she, assertiveness. They discuss politics at the dinner table; we, avoid controversial topics. He focuses on efficiency; she, on creating a positive work culture. The director handles production; the producer, securing funding. The author wrote the introduction; the editor, the final chapter. He enjoys morning runs; she, evening strolls. They appreciate modern art; we, classical masterpieces. Showing the ellipsis in brackets He prefers fiction; [she prefers] non-fiction. You can either join us for coffee or [you can] watch a movie; the choice is yours. Some liked the new policy, while [some] others vehemently opposed it. The concert was unforgettable; [however,] the play, not so much. In summer, [she enjoys] swimming; in winter, [she enjoys] skiing. They invested in stocks; [on the other hand,] we [invested] in real estate. The politician promised reforms; [in contrast,] his opponent [promised] stability. The chef recommends the pasta; [meanwhile,] the waiter [recommends] the seafood. After the meeting, John [headed] to the gym; Jane, [on the other hand, headed] to the library. Our team [won] the championship; theirs, [on the other hand, won] the hearts of the fans. The project requires dedication; [on the other hand,] the timeline [requires] precision. His strengths [lie] in strategy; hers, [on the other hand, lie] in execution. The detective [found] the clue; the journalist, [on the other hand, found] the hidden truth. During the discussion, he [emphasized] facts; she, [on the other hand, emphasized] the emotional impact. You can choose the red dress; I, [on the other hand, will choose] the blue one. He adores classical music; she, [on the other hand, adores] the energy of rock. The explorer [conquered] mountains; the scientist, [on the other hand, conquered] uncharted territories. His art [is] abstract; hers, [on the other hand, is] realism. The professor [emphasizes] theory; the practitioner, [on the other hand, emphasizes] practicality. The company [values] innovation; the competitor, [on the other hand, values] tradition. The architect [designed] the exterior; the interior, [on the other hand, was designed by] a different artist. He [finished] the main course; she, [on the other hand, finished] the delectable dessert. The car [is] fuel-efficient; the bike, [on the other hand, is] environmentally friendly. In negotiations, he [prioritizes] compromise; she, [on the other hand, prioritizes] assertiveness. They [discuss] politics at the dinner table; we, [on the other hand,] avoid controversial topics. He [focuses] on efficiency; she, [on the other hand, focuses] on creating a positive work culture. The director [handles] production; the producer, [on the other hand, handles] securing funding. The author [wrote] the introduction; the editor, [on the other hand, wrote] the final chapter. He [enjoys] morning runs; she, [on the other hand, enjoys] evening strolls. They [appreciate] modern art; we, [on the other hand, appreciate] classical masterpieces. Complete the sentences using ellipsis. A: [Do you] Know where my keys are? B: Yes, [they're] on the kitchen table. [She] Promised to call, but [she] hasn’t yet. A: [Will you] Join us for dinner? B: No, [I won't]. [I've] Already eaten. [Have] You read the book? No, [I haven’t]. A: [Can you] Pass me the salt? B: Sure, here [it] is. [He] Said he’d be here by 3, but [he's] running late. [Do] You play the guitar? No, [I] play the piano. A: [Is] Susan coming to the party? B: I don’t think [she] is. [Is] This your jacket? No, [it's] my brother's. A: [Did you] Enjoy the movie? B: No, [I] found it boring. [Did] You bake these cookies? No, [I] bought them. [Was] It raining when you left? No, [it] was clear. A: [Will you] Call me later? B: Yes, [I'll] call after work. [He] Invited everyone to the meeting, but [he] forgot to send the agenda. A: [Can you] Hand me the remote? B: Sorry, [I] can't reach it. [Do] You know where Tom is? Yes, [he] went to the store. [Is] This your dog? No, [it's] my neighbor's. A: [Would you] Like some more cake? B: No, [I'm] full. [He] Said he could fix the car, but [he] needs more tools. [Did] You lock the door? No, [I] forgot. Answers: A: Do you know where my keys are? B: Yes, they're on the kitchen table. She promised to call, but she hasn’t yet. A: Will you join us for dinner? B: No, I won't. I've already eaten. Have you read the book? No, I haven’t. A: Can you pass me the salt? B: Sure, here it is. He said he’d be here by 3, but he's running late. Do you play the guitar? No, I play the piano. A: Is Susan coming to the party? B: I don’t think she is. Is this your jacket? No, it's my brother's. A: Did you enjoy the movie? B: No, I found it boring. Did you bake these cookies? No, I bought them. Was it raining when you left? No, it was clear. A: Will you call me later? B: Yes, I'll call after work. He invited everyone to the meeting, but he forgot to send the agenda. A: Can you hand me the remote? B: Sorry, I can't reach it. Do you know where Tom is? Yes, he went to the store. Is this your dog? No, it's my neighbor's. A: Would you like some more cake? B: No, I'm full. He said he could fix the car, but he needs more tools. Did you lock the door? No, I forgot.

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that is improperly positioned in a sentence, creating confusion about what it is supposed to modify. The modifier is said to be "dangling" because it doesn't have a clear, logical connection to the word it's supposed to modify. Here's a more detailed breakdown: Definition: A dangling modifier occurs when the word or phrase intended to modify a noun is placed in a position that doesn't clearly or logically connect to the noun. Example: Incorrect: Walking down the street, the flowers caught my attention. In this sentence, "Walking down the street" is a dangling modifier because it seems to suggest that the flowers are walking down the street. However, the intended meaning is that the speaker was walking down the street when they noticed the flowers. Corrected: Walking down the street, I noticed the flowers. Common Types of Dangling Modifiers with ample examples and explanation 1. Participial Phrase: Incorrect: Having finished my work, the computer crashed. Explanation: The participial phrase "Having finished my work" is placed at the beginning of the sentence, creating confusion about who or what finished the work. Corrected: Having finished my work, I realized that the computer had crashed. 2. Infinitive Phrase: Incorrect: To improve my health, jogging every morning was the first step. Explanation: The infinitive phrase "To improve my health" is not clearly connected to the subject performing the action, leading to ambiguity. Corrected: To improve my health, I decided to take the first step by jogging every morning. 3. Prepositional Phrase: Incorrect: With my hands tied, the project became more challenging. Explanation: The prepositional phrase "With my hands tied" creates confusion about what is tied, suggesting the project itself has hands. Corrected: With my hands tied, I found the project more challenging. 4. Absolute Phrase: Incorrect: Weather permitting, the event will be held outdoors. Explanation: The absolute phrase "Weather permitting" is not clearly connected to the subject, making it unclear whose perspective is considered. Corrected: Weather permitting, we will hold the event outdoors. 5. Gerund Phrase: Incorrect: After finishing their meal, the dishes were washed. Explanation: The gerund phrase "After finishing their meal" seems to imply that the dishes themselves finished the meal. Corrected: After finishing their meal, they washed the dishes. 6. Appositive Phrase: Incorrect: Being a skilled chef, the meal was prepared perfectly. Explanation: The appositive phrase "Being a skilled chef" is not clearly connected to the person who prepared the meal. Corrected: Being a skilled chef, she prepared the meal perfectly. 7. Adjective Clause: Incorrect: Hoping to impress the interviewer, the resume was polished. Explanation: The adjective clause "Hoping to impress the interviewer" is not properly connected to the person associated with it. Corrected: Hoping to impress the interviewer, he polished his resume. 8. Noun Clause: Incorrect: Whether studied carefully or not, the subject remained confusing. Explanation: The noun clause "Whether studied carefully or not" lacks a clear connection to the subject. Corrected: Whether studied carefully or not, the subject remained confusing. 9. Absolute Adjective: Incorrect: Without hesitation, the decision was made. Explanation: The absolute adjective "Without hesitation" is not clearly tied to the subject making the decision. Corrected: Without hesitation, she made the decision. 10. Time Phrase: Incorrect: Arriving late, the game had already started. Explanation: The time phrase "Arriving late" is not properly connected to the person arriving. Corrected: Arriving late, we found that the game had already started. 11. Past Participle Phrase: Incorrect: Raised in a small town, the city lights fascinated her. Explanation: The past participle phrase "Raised in a small town" lacks a clear connection to the person fascinated by the city lights. Corrected: Raised in a small town, she was fascinated by the city lights. 12. Elliptical Clause: Incorrect: As a fan of thrillers, the new book by the author was eagerly anticipated. Explanation: The elliptical clause "As a fan of thrillers" lacks a specific subject, causing confusion. Corrected: As a fan of thrillers, she eagerly anticipated the new book by the author. 13. Verb Phrase: Incorrect: Running down the street, the bus was missed. Explanation: The verb phrase "Running down the street" is not properly connected to the subject who missed the bus. Corrected: Running down the street, she missed the bus. 14. Present Participle Phrase: Incorrect: Smiling happily, the sun began to set. Explanation: The present participle phrase "Smiling happily" is not clearly tied to the entity smiling. Corrected: Smiling happily, she watched as the sun began to set. 15. Dependent Clause: Incorrect: Because of a broken leg, the hike was canceled. Explanation: The dependent clause "Because of a broken leg" lacks a clear subject performing the action. Corrected: Because of a broken leg, he canceled the hike. 16. Adverb Clause: Incorrect: While waiting for the train, the schedule was checked. Explanation: The adverb clause "While waiting for the train" lacks a specific subject performing the action. Corrected: While waiting for the train, she checked the schedule. 17. Comparative Adjective: Incorrect: Compared to previous models, the new phone impressed. Explanation: The comparative adjective "Compared to previous models" lacks a clear connection to the subject who is impressed. Corrected: Compared to previous models, she was impressed with the new phone. 18. Exclamatory Phrase: Incorrect: With great enthusiasm, the announcement was made. Explanation: The exclamatory phrase "With great enthusiasm" is not clearly tied to the subject making the announcement. Corrected: With great enthusiasm, she made the announcement. 19. Noun Phrase: Incorrect: A master of disguise, the criminals were fooled. Explanation: The noun phrase "A master of disguise" is not clearly connected to the person fooling the criminals. Corrected: A master of disguise, she fooled the criminals. 20. Possessive Noun Phrase: Incorrect: With my neighbor's dog barking, the peace was disturbed. Explanation: The possessive noun phrase "With my neighbor's dog barking" is not properly linked to the person experiencing the disturbance. Corrected: With my neighbor's dog barking, I was disturbed by the noise. Examples Hiking in the mountains, the trail was steep and challenging. Correction: Hiking in the mountains, we found the trail steep and challenging. Talking on the phone, the time quickly passed by. Correction: Talking on the phone, I didn't realize how quickly time passed by. Dreaming of a tropical vacation, the travel brochure caught her eye. Correction: Dreaming of a tropical vacation, she noticed the travel brochure. Running through the park, the flowers looked vibrant and colorful. Correction: Running through the park, I noticed the flowers were vibrant and colorful. After cooking for hours, the delicious aroma filled the kitchen. Correction: After cooking for hours, I could smell the delicious aroma filling the kitchen. Climbing to the mountaintop, the view was breathtaking. Correction: Climbing to the mountaintop, we enjoyed a breathtaking view. Being an experienced driver, the road trip was smooth and enjoyable. Correction: Being an experienced driver, she made the road trip smooth and enjoyable. Excited about the concert, the tickets were purchased online. Correction: Excited about the concert, she purchased the tickets online. Lost in thought, the solution to the problem became clear. Correction: Lost in thought, I found the solution to the problem. Playing in the backyard, the sound of children's laughter echoed. Correction: Playing in the backyard, the children's laughter echoed. With a broken compass, the directions were unreliable. Correction: With a broken compass, we found the directions unreliable. Being an early riser, the sunrise is a daily spectacle. Correction: Being an early riser, I witness the sunrise as a daily spectacle. Having finished the novel, the movie adaptation was disappointing. Correction: Having finished the novel, she found the movie adaptation disappointing. Sitting in the waiting room, the magazine provided entertainment. Correction: Sitting in the waiting room, I found entertainment in the magazine. In love with technology, the new smartphone was eagerly awaited. Correction: In love with technology, she eagerly awaited the new smartphone. Being a photography enthusiast, the camera captured stunning images. Correction: Being a photography enthusiast, he captured stunning images with the camera. Interested in art, the museum tour was a delightful experience. Correction: Interested in art, she found the museum tour a delightful experience. With a green thumb, the garden bloomed with colorful flowers. Correction: With a green thumb, she cultivated a garden that bloomed with colorful flowers. Distracted by the conversation, the details of the meeting were missed. Correction: Distracted by the conversation, I missed the details of the meeting. Having a love for languages, the new book on linguistics was captivating. Correction: Having a love for languages, she found the new book on linguistics captivating. Exercise: identify and correct the dangling modifier. After studying for hours, the book was finally finished. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Being an expert in software development, the project was assigned to John. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. Answer: After studying for hours, I finally finished the book. Explanation: The introductory phrase "After studying for hours" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, "I" is the one who studied and finished the book. Running down the street, Sarah noticed the stray dog. Explanation: The modifier "Running down the street" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "Sarah" in this case. Hiking through the mountains, we found the scenery breathtaking. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Hiking through the mountains" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Being an expert in software development, John was assigned the project. Explanation: The modifier "Being an expert in software development" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "John" in this case. Excited about the vacation, we booked the plane tickets. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Excited about the vacation" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. Explanation: The modifier "Having lost my keys" should be associated with the doer of the action, which is "I" in this case. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden provided a peaceful retreat. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Surrounded by beautiful flowers" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, it's not explicitly mentioned, so the sentence is revised to include "the garden." Biking along the trail, we found the hills seemed steeper than usual. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Biking along the trail" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Determined to succeed, we overcame obstacles. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Determined to succeed" should be followed by the doer of the action, which is "we" in this case. Walking through the museum, everyone was impressed by the artwork. Explanation: The introductory phrase "Walking through the museum" should be followed by the doer of the action. In this case, it's not explicitly mentioned, so the sentence is revised to include "everyone." Correct the Dangling Modifiers Exhausted from the hike, the mountain peak offered a stunning view. Biking along the trail, the river sparkled in the sunlight. Eager to impress, the job interview went well. Having finished the assignment, the TV show was watched. Excited about the holiday, the hotel reservations were made early. Caught in the rain, the umbrella kept me dry. Confused by the map, the correct route was eventually found. Reading in the garden, the aroma of roses filled the air. Being an early bird, the sunrise was breathtaking. Hiking in the forest, the trail became steeper. Corrected Answers: Exhausted from the hike, we enjoyed a stunning view from the mountain peak. Biking along the trail, I noticed the river sparkling in the sunlight. Eager to impress, she performed well in the job interview. Having finished the assignment, I watched the TV show. Excited about the holiday, we made hotel reservations early. Caught in the rain, I stayed dry under the umbrella. Confused by the map, we eventually found the correct route. Reading in the garden, I enjoyed the aroma of roses filling the air. Being an early bird, I found the sunrise breathtaking. Hiking in the forest, the trail became steeper. Correct the dangling modifier: Exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Enjoying a sunny day at the beach, the sandcastles were built with care. Lost in the busy city, landmarks were hard to find. With her exceptional leadership skills, the team achieved success. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. With great enthusiasm, the speech captivated the audience. Working late into the night, the report was finally completed. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Answer: Exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Correction: After feeling exhausted from the long journey, the hotel bed felt heavenly. Explanation: The initial sentence suggests that the hotel bed itself was exhausted, which is a misplaced modifier. The correction clarifies that the person is exhausted. Enjoying a sunny day at the beach, the sandcastles were built with care. Correction: While enjoying a sunny day at the beach, they built the sandcastles with care. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the sandcastles were enjoying the sunny day. The correction specifies who was enjoying the day and building the sandcastles. Lost in the busy city, landmarks were hard to find. Correction: While lost in the busy city, they found landmarks hard to find. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that landmarks were lost in the busy city. The correction clarifies that the person is lost and has difficulty finding landmarks. With her exceptional leadership skills, the team achieved success. Correction: With her exceptional leadership skills, she led the team to achieve success. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the team possesses leadership skills. The correction specifies that the person with leadership skills led the team. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Correction: Caught in heavy traffic, they took a detour to reach the destination. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that a detour was caught in heavy traffic. The correction clarifies that the person, caught in traffic, took a detour. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Correction: While biking along the trail, they found the hills seemed steeper than usual. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the hills were biking along the trail. The correction specifies who was biking and observing the hills. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Correction: Feeling unwell, they visited the doctor who recommended a thorough check-up. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the doctor is feeling unwell. The correction specifies that the person feeling unwell visited the doctor. With great enthusiasm, the speech captivated the audience. Correction: With great enthusiasm, the speaker captivated the audience with the speech. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the enthusiasm itself captivated the audience. The correction clarifies that the speaker, with great enthusiasm, captivated the audience. Working late into the night, the report was finally completed. Correction: Working late into the night, they finally completed the report. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the report was working late into the night. The correction specifies that the person, working late, completed the report. Determined to succeed, obstacles were overcome. Correction: Determined to succeed, they overcame obstacles. Explanation: The original sentence implies that obstacles were determined to succeed. The correction clarifies that the person, determined to succeed, overcame obstacles. Walking through the museum, the artwork impressed everyone. Correction: While walking through the museum, everyone was impressed by the artwork. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the artwork was walking through the museum. The correction specifies who was walking and impressed by the artwork. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Correction: In pursuit of happiness, they accepted the job offer. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the job offer is in pursuit of happiness. The correction clarifies that the person, in pursuit of happiness, accepted the job offer. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Correction: Worried about the upcoming exam, they diligently reviewed the study guide. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the study guide is worried about the upcoming exam. The correction specifies who was worried and reviewed the study guide. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Correction: Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the spare set lost the keys. The correction specifies that the person, having lost keys, used the spare set. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Correction: Surrounded by beautiful flowers, it was a peaceful retreat for those in the garden. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the garden itself is surrounded by flowers. The correction specifies who found it to be a peaceful retreat. Hiking through the mountains, the scenery was breathtaking. Correction: While hiking through the mountains, they found the scenery breathtaking. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the scenery was hiking through the mountains. The correction clarifies who was hiking and found the scenery breathtaking. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Correction: Being a talented musician, she quickly sold out the concert tickets. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the concert tickets were a talented musician. The correction specifies that the person, being a talented musician, sold out the tickets. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Correction: With a broken leg, the participant had to cancel the marathon. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the marathon had a broken leg. The correction specifies who had a broken leg and had to cancel the marathon. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Correction: While running down the street, Sarah noticed the stray dog. Explanation: The original sentence implies that the stray dog was running down the street. The correction specifies who was running and noticed the stray dog. Excited about the vacation, the plane tickets were booked. Correction: Excited about the vacation, they booked the plane tickets. Explanation: The original sentence suggests that the plane tickets were excited about the vacation. The correction clarifies who was excited and booked the plane tickets. Identify and correct the misplaced or dangling modifiers in the following sentences: Walking through the park, the flowers were admired by Jane. Covered in chocolate, the children enjoyed the ice cream. After finishing the project, a celebration was held in the office. Eager to please, the job interview went well. Swimming in the ocean, the dolphins entertained the tourists. Having studied for hours, the exam was aced by Sarah. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Dressed in a red gown, the crowd applauded the singer. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Attracted to shiny objects, the keychain was picked up by the magpie. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Blessed with incredible creativity, the novel was authored by Jane. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. With a big smile on his face, the news was shared with the family. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Answer: Walking through the park, the flowers were admired by Jane. Correction: Walking through the park, Jane admired the flowers. Covered in chocolate, the children enjoyed the ice cream. Correction: The children enjoyed the ice cream, covered in chocolate. After finishing the project, a celebration was held in the office. Correction: After finishing the project, the team held a celebration in the office. Eager to please, the job interview went well. Correction: The job interview went well because the candidate was eager to please. Swimming in the ocean, the dolphins entertained the tourists. Correction: The dolphins, swimming in the ocean, entertained the tourists. Having studied for hours, the exam was aced by Sarah. Correction: Having studied for hours, Sarah aced the exam. With a broken leg, the marathon had to be canceled. Correction: The marathon had to be canceled because the participant had a broken leg. Dressed in a red gown, the crowd applauded the singer. Correction: The crowd applauded the singer, dressed in a red gown. Running down the street, the stray dog was noticed by Sarah. Correction: The stray dog was noticed by Sarah running down the street. Biking along the trail, the hills seemed steeper than usual. Correction: The hills seemed steeper than usual while biking along the trail. Attracted to shiny objects, the keychain was picked up by the magpie. Correction: The magpie, attracted to shiny objects, picked up the keychain. Feeling unwell, the doctor recommended a thorough check-up. Correction: Feeling unwell, Sarah consulted the doctor, who recommended a thorough check-up. Caught in heavy traffic, a detour was taken to reach the destination. Correction: Caught in heavy traffic, they took a detour to reach the destination. Having lost my keys, the spare set was used to unlock the door. Correction: Having lost my keys, I used the spare set to unlock the door. In pursuit of happiness, the job offer was accepted. Correction: The job offer was accepted in pursuit of happiness. Blessed with incredible creativity, the novel was authored by Jane. Correction: Jane, blessed with incredible creativity, authored the novel. Worried about the upcoming exam, the study guide was diligently reviewed. Correction: Worried about the upcoming exam, Sarah diligently reviewed the study guide. With a big smile on his face, the news was shared with the family. Correction: The news was shared with the family with a big smile on his face. Surrounded by beautiful flowers, the garden was a peaceful retreat. Correction: The garden, surrounded by beautiful flowers, was a peaceful retreat. Being a talented musician, the concert tickets were sold out quickly. Correction: The concert tickets were sold out quickly because the performer was a talented musician.

Rules for creating Yes/No Questions. 1. Creating Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb (am/are/is/was/were) Picture a regular sentence with the BE verb, like 'He is tall.' As usual, this sentence begins with the subject, followed by the verb. This is known as the sentence word order in English. To transform a sentence with the BE verb into a question, we adopt question word order. This involves switching the subject and the BE verb: He is tall. → Is he tall? (In the question, the verb precedes the subject) They are American. → Are they American? The children are at school. → Are the children at school? These rules apply similarly in the past tense: It was nice. → Was it nice? New York was expensive. → Was New York expensive? We were late. → Were we late? Let's engage in some practice exercises. Exercise #1: Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb The school is open. → The waiter was rude. → Yoga is popular. → I am sick. → You were tired. → Sarah was his teacher. → Answers Is the school open? Was the waiter rude? Is yoga popular? Are you sick? Were you tired? Was Sarah his teacher? In the next exercise, examine the answer to a question and then formulate the question accordingly. Exercise #2: Yes/No Questions with the BE Verb (Note: The answer being 'Yes' or 'No' does not alter the question form. Avoid including 'not' in the question.) A: Yes. I was there. Q: ? A: No, we were not rich. Q: ? A: Yes, today is my birthday. Q: ? A: No, the price was not the same. Q: ? Answers Were you there? Were you rich? Is today your birthday? Was the price the same? 2. Creating Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs An auxiliary verb, also known as a helping verb, is a short word that 'assists' the main verb in creating tense. Modal verbs, such as can, must, should, might, and may, also serve as helping verbs. Examples include: I have written the report. (Present Perfect tense) If a sentence has both a main verb and a helping verb (auxiliary or modal), switch the subject and the helping verb around. If there is another helping verb, place it after the subject. He will come. → Will he come? They are visiting Paris. → Are they visiting Paris? She has done the housework. → Has she done the housework? John has been fired. → Has John been fired? (HelpingVerb1 + Subject + HelpingVerb2+ Main Verb) They will be hired. → Will they be hired? The train is going to arrive. → Is the train going to arrive? The printer was being repaired. → Was the printer being repaired? In essence, when transitioning from sentence word order (Subject + Verb) to question word order (Verb + Subject), exchange the subject with the first helping verb. If there is an additional helping verb, position it after the subject. Exercise #3: Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs John can read. → It might be broken. → We will join. → Peter is going to go. → Luan is going to be hired. → He is being interviewed now. → Answers Can John read? Might it be broken? Will we join? Is Peter going to go? Is Luan going to be hired? Is he being interviewed now? Exercise #4: Yes/No Questions with Auxiliary/Modal Verbs Q: ? A: Yes, she was going to visit. Q: ? A: Yes, your name is being called. Q: ? A: No, they haven't finished. Q: ? A: No, he has not been working here. Q: ? A: No, he could not have said that. Q: ? A: No, he would not have been angry. Q: ? A: Yes, a visa must be obtained first. Q: ? A: Yes, we shall attend. Answers Was she going to visit? Is your name being called? Haven't they finished? Has he not been working here? Could he not have said that? Would he not have been angry? Must a visa be obtained first? Shall we attend? 3. Creating Yes/No Questions without the BE Verb or an Auxiliary/Modal Verb (Use Do!) So far, we have focused on constructing questions from sentences containing the BE verb or a helping (auxiliary/modal) verb. However, sentences may exist without either. In such cases, we introduce the verb 'Do'! 'Do' functions as another helping verb added to form questions when there is no auxiliary verb or BE Verb present. Exercise #5: Yes/No Questions without Helping or BE Verb He reads every day. → The printer broke. → We want more money. → She had a smile on her face. → The boss noticed the mistake. → Answers Do you read every day? Did the printer break? Do we want more money? Did she have a smile on her face? Did the boss notice the mistake? Exercise #6: Yes/No Questions without a Helping or BE Verb Q: ? A: Yes, she had her camera. Q: ? A: No, I didn't feel sick. Q: ? A: Yes, we eat beef. Q: ? A: Yes, I believe you. Q: ? A: No, they didn't forget their tickets. Answers Did she have her camera? Did you feel sick? Do we eat beef? Do I believe you? Did they forget their tickets? Forming Yes/No Questions: Summary In summary, we have covered three fundamental rules for crafting Yes/No questions: If the sentence contains only the BE verb, switch the subject and the BE verb to make a question. If the sentence includes a helping verb, switch the subject and the (first) helping verb to create a question. If there is neither the BE verb nor a helping verb, add 'Do' and then the subject to make a question. Exercise: Yes/No Questions Part A: Use the BE Verb The cat is sleeping. Question: We were at the party. Question: She is a doctor. Question: It was raining. Question: They are happy. Question: Part B: Use Auxiliary/Modal Verbs John can play the guitar. Question: You will finish the project. Question: She has completed the assignment. Question: We were invited to the event. Question: It might snow tomorrow. Question: Part C: Use 'Do' I eat vegetables every day. Question: He read the book last night. Question: They want to go to the beach. Question: She believes in ghosts. Question: We had a great time at the concert. Question: Answers Part A: Use the BE Verb Is the cat sleeping? Were you at the party? Is she a doctor? Was it raining? Are they happy? Part B: Use Auxiliary/Modal Verbs Can John play the guitar? Will you finish the project? Has she completed the assignment? Were we invited to the event? Might it snow tomorrow? Part C: Use 'Do' Do I eat vegetables every day? Did he read the book last night? Do they want to go to the beach? Does she believe in ghosts? Did we have a great time at the concert? Correction Identify the errors in each Yes/No question and provide the corrected version. Correction Exercise: Yes/No Questions Do she can speak French? Was you at the meeting yesterday? Can't he doesn't swim very well? Are they knows about the surprise party? Does it is going to rain later? Have she likes the new restaurant? Did you ever visited London? Do they are coming to the wedding? Is he have enough time to finish the project? Has she don't like spicy food? Are you are planning a vacation? Does it will snow in the winter? Was they have a good time at the concert? Can he do plays the guitar? Did she will be at the party? Do you have saw that movie before? Are it going to be sunny tomorrow? Have they didn't invited you? Was he knows the answer to the question? Does she can fix the computer? Do they will arrive on time? Is it will take long to get there? Did you went to the store? Are they did their homework already? Have she ever been to Asia? Was you feeling sick yesterday? Can't he has some spare change? Does it is a good idea to start a business? Do she will come to the party? Did they will buy a new car? Answers Does she speak French? Were you at the meeting yesterday? Can't he swim very well? Do they know about the surprise party? Is it going to rain later? Does she like the new restaurant? Did you ever visit London? Are they coming to the wedding? Does he have enough time to finish the project? Does she like spicy food? Are you planning a vacation? Will it snow in the winter? Did they have a good time at the concert? Can he play the guitar? Will she be at the party? Have you seen that movie before? Is it going to be sunny tomorrow? Were they invited you? Did he know the answer to the question? Can she fix the computer? Will they arrive on time? Will it take long to get there? Did you go to the store? Did they do their homework already? Has she ever been to Asia? Were you feeling sick yesterday? Can he spare some change? Is it a good idea to start a business? Will she come to the party? Will they buy a new car? Correction Exercise: Advanced Yes/No Questions Will she have been finished the project by next week? Did he can speak three languages fluently? Are they were working on the assignment all night? Have you must attend the meeting tomorrow? Is it possible that they will can solve the problem? Was she going to had completed the task? Do they will have enough resources to finish the construction? Did you ever had been to a foreign country? Has he could solve the complex mathematical problem? Are you going to had finished reading the book by next month? Does it was raining when you left? Will they are going to win the competition? Have she been visited the art gallery? Is it possible that he will had misunderstood the instructions? Did you have met the famous author before? Do they have seen that movie yet? Was it known that they would had achieved such success? Can he been able to swim across the river? Is she will have achieved her goals by the end of the year? Have you ever had traveled to Antarctica? Were they will be ready for the presentation? Does it had been raining heavily last night? Did she will have completed the marathon? Has he ever have had a chance to meet the president? Will it be expected that you will attend the conference? Have they can solve the puzzle? Is it known whether she has been arriving on time? Did you ever been invited to a prestigious event? Are they have been preparing for the exam? Do she have finished reading the entire series? Answers Will she have finished the project by next week? Can he speak three languages fluently? Were they working on the assignment all night? Must you attend the meeting tomorrow? Is it possible that they can solve the problem? Was she going to complete the task? Will they have enough resources to finish the construction? Have you ever been to a foreign country? Could he solve the complex mathematical problem? Will you have finished reading the book by next month? Was it raining when you left? Are they going to win the competition? Has she ever visited the art gallery? Is it possible that he misunderstood the instructions? Have you met the famous author before? Have they seen that movie yet? Was it known that they would achieve such success? Could he swim across the river? Will she have achieved her goals by the end of the year? Have you ever traveled to Antarctica? Will they be ready for the presentation? Did it rain heavily last night? Will she have completed the marathon? Has he ever had a chance to meet the president? Is it expected that you will attend the conference? Can they solve the puzzle? Is it known whether she will arrive on time? Have you ever been invited to a prestigious event? Have they been preparing for the exam? Has she finished reading the entire series?

In English, there is a specific type of question known as a "WH question." These questions are considered open-ended because they can have various answers, and they typically start with words beginning with "WH." You can utilize WH questions to gather information about people, places, ideas, or things. For instance, "Where are you from?" prompts diverse responses from different individuals. 1. What…? Description: Use "what" to inquire about a thing or idea. The answer typically involves a noun. Examples: What is your preferred method of studying? What did you have for breakfast? What do you think about the new policy? What is the capital of France? What are your plans for the weekend? 2. When…? Description: Employ "when" to ask about a specific time or date. Examples: When is your birthday? When did you start learning English? When will the concert take place? When was the last time you visited a museum? When is the deadline for the project? 3. Where…? Description: Use "where" to inquire about a place or location. Examples: Where did you spend your last vacation? Where is the nearest grocery store? Where would you like to travel next? Where is your favorite spot in the city? Where did you find that interesting article? 4. Who…? Description: Utilize "who" to ask about a person or people. Examples: Who is your role model? Who attended the meeting yesterday? Who is the author of this book? Who is responsible for the project's success? Who is your favorite teacher? 5. Why…? Description: Use "why" to seek a reason or explanation. Answers typically include the word "because." Examples: Why did you choose this career path? Why are you interested in learning a new language? Why did you miss the appointment? Why do you enjoy hiking? Why is regular exercise important? 6. Which…? Description: Use "which" to inquire about a specific choice among options. Examples: Which movie do you prefer, action or comedy? Which class are you taking this semester? Which book should I read first? Which team do you support in the sports league? Which route is faster to reach downtown? 7. Whose…? Description: Start questions with "whose" to determine ownership. Examples: Whose phone is ringing? Whose idea was it to organize the event? Whose turn is it to make a presentation? Whose car are we taking to the party? Whose house did you visit last weekend? 8. Whom…? Description: Use "whom" to ask about a person, often in formal contexts. It refers to the object of the sentence. Examples: Whom did you meet at the conference? With whom are you collaborating on the project? Whom should I contact for further assistance? To whom did you address the letter? Whom did you invite to the celebration? 9. How…? Description: Use "how" to ask about the manner, method, or condition of something. Examples: How did you learn to play the piano? How can I improve my time management skills? How was your experience at the music concert? How far is the airport from your house? How is your day going so far? Summary Who Used to identify a person. Example: Who is that gentleman standing over there? What Used to identify a thing. Example: What is that interesting gadget on the table? Which Used to tell two (or more) things apart. Example: Which book did you prefer, the mystery or the adventure? Where Used to identify a place. Example: Where is your favorite vacation spot? When Used to identify a time. Example: When is the next train arriving at the station? Why Used to identify a reason. Example: Why did she decline the job offer? Whose Used to identify possession. Example: Whose beautiful garden is this? What kind Used to identify a type/kind. Example: What kind of camera do you use for photography? How Used to explain a way/method. Example: How did you manage to fix the broken vase so perfectly? How long Used to explain length or duration. Example: How long does it take to complete the entire course? How far Used to identify distance. Example: How far is the nearest supermarket from your house? How much/many/little/few Used to identify quantity. Example: How much sugar do you need for the recipe? How often Used to explain frequency. Example: How often do you practice playing the guitar? Forming WH Questions How to Form WH Questions in English 1. With an Auxiliary Verb: WH-questions often take the form of wh- + an auxiliary verb (be, do, or have) + subject + main verb or wh- + a modal verb + subject + main verb. Examples: Be: When are you planning to leave? Have: What has she accomplished recently? Do: Where do your friends live? Modal: Who would she choose to stay with? Additional Examples: Be: Who is playing the piano? Have: What have they discovered so far? Do: Why did he miss the meeting? Modal: Where should we go for lunch? 2. Without an Auxiliary Verb: In cases where what, who, which, or whose acts as the subject, or part of the subject, there is no need for an auxiliary verb. The structure becomes subject + verb. Examples: Subject + Verb: Who owns this magnificent mansion? Subject + Verb: What fell off the shelf? Subject + Verb: Whose phone is ringing loudly? Subject + Verb: Which book captivated your attention? Additional Examples: Subject + Verb: Who designed this beautiful dress? Subject + Verb: What happened during the meeting? Subject + Verb: Whose idea was this innovative project? Subject + Verb: Which team won the championship? 3. Comparing Structures: Recognizing the distinction between subject and object in WH-questions is vital. When who, what, which, or whose serves as the subject, no auxiliary verb is used. When these pronouns function as the object, an auxiliary verb is required. Examples: Subject (Who): Who owns this unique sculpture? Object (Who): Who did you choose as your partner? Subject (What): What fell off the wall? Object (What): What did you observe during the experiment? Additional Examples: Subject (Whose): Whose car is parked outside? Object (Whose): Whose keys did you find? Subject (Which): Which movie impressed you the most? Object (Which): Which book are you currently reading? Examples with explanation 1. Who possesses this handbag? Explanation: 2. Whom do you cherish the most? Explanation: 3. Who designed this dress? Explanation: 4. Whose phone is ringing incessantly? Explanation: 5. Who captured your attention in the meeting? Explanation: Framing Multiple WH Questions Statement: She is going to the market. WH Questions: Where is she going? To whom is she going? Whom is she going with? Why is she going to the market? Statement: They have finished their homework. WH Questions: What have they finished? Whom did they finish it with? Why did they finish their homework? How long did it take to finish their homework? Statement: We visited the museum yesterday. WH Questions: When did we visit the museum? Where is the museum located? Whom did we meet at the museum? Why did we visit the museum? Statement: I can swim across the lake. WH Questions: What can I swim across? How often do I swim across the lake? Whom have I swum across the lake with? Why do I swim across the lake? Statement: The concert starts at 8 PM. WH Questions: When does the concert start? Where is the concert? Whom will be performing at the concert? Why are you attending the concert? Statement: It is his favorite book. WH Questions: What is his favorite book? Whose book is it? Why is it his favorite book? How did he discover the book? Statement: Mary will join the party. WH Questions: Who will join the party? Whom is the party for? Why will Mary join the party? How is Mary getting to the party? Statement: He was reading a fascinating article. WH Questions: What was he reading? Whom did he discuss the article with? Why was the article fascinating to him? How long did he spend reading the article? Statement: The movie ended in applause. WH Questions: How did the movie end? Where did the movie end? Whom received applause for the movie? Why did the audience applaud at the end? Statement: She doesn’t know the answer. WH Questions: What doesn't she know? Whom can she ask for the answer? Why doesn't she know the answer? How can she find out the answer? WH Questions: Practice Test: Now, let's apply these methods to create practice questions. “____ is the name of your dog?” [What, How] “____ ____ oranges did you buy?” [How many, How far] “____ did you grow up?” [Who, Where] “____ is your favorite actor?” [Who, When] “____ ____ is the movie?” [How come, How long] “____ did you study biology?” [Which, Why] “____ handbag is this?” [Where, Whose] “____ car did you buy?” [Why, Which] “____ did you make that?” [How, Who] “____ ____ away is the office?” [How much, How far] “____ should we send this box to?” [Why, Whom] “____ ____ is your father?” [How old, How many] “____ did you talk to?” [Whom, Where] “____ ____ did your jacket cost?” [How much, How old] “____ did you buy this house?” [Whose, When] “____ ____ you went to university?” [How far, How come] Answers: “What is the name of your dog?” “How many oranges did you buy?” “Where did you grow up?” “Who is your favorite actor?” “How long is the movie?” “Why did you study biology?” “Whose handbag is this?” “Which car did you buy?” “How did you make that?” “How far away is the office?” “Whom should we send this box to?” “How old is your father?” “Whom did you talk to?” “How much did your jacket cost?” “When did you buy this house?” “How come you went to university?” Exercise: Frame WH Questions Statement: She is going to the market. WH Question: _________? Statement: They have finished their homework. WH Question: _________? Statement: We visited the museum yesterday. WH Question: _________? Statement: I can swim across the lake. WH Question: _________? Statement: The concert starts at 8 PM. WH Question: _________? Statement: It is his favorite book. WH Question: _________? Statement: Mary will join the party. WH Question: _________? Statement: He was reading a fascinating article. WH Question: _________? Statement: The movie ended in applause. WH Question: _________? Statement: She doesn’t know the answer. WH Question: _________? Statement: You should call the doctor. WH Question: _________? Statement: They were discussing the project. WH Question: _________? Statement: We will go camping next weekend. WH Question: _________? Statement: The cat caught a mouse. WH Question: _________? Statement: It's their anniversary today. WH Question: _________? Statement: The students are presenting their projects. WH Question: _________? Statement: He won the first prize. WH Question: _________? Statement: They couldn't solve the puzzle. WH Question: _________? Statement: I met your sister at the bookstore. WH Question: _________? Statement: This is the best movie of the year. WH Question: _________? Statement: She played the piano beautifully. WH Question: _________? Statement: The meeting has been rescheduled. WH Question: _________? Statement: The kids built a sandcastle on the beach. WH Question: _________? Statement: He ate the entire pizza. WH Question: _________? Statement: We should buy a new car. WH Question: _________? Statement: She is writing a novel. WH Question: _________? Statement: The plane will land in an hour. WH Question: _________? Statement: I found your keys in the living room. WH Question: _________? Statement: It rained all night. WH Question: _________? Statement: They adopted a puppy from the shelter. WH Question: _________? Answers: Where is she going? What have they finished? When did we visit the museum? What can I swim across? When does the concert start? What is his favorite book? Who will join the party? What was he reading? How did the movie end? What doesn't she know? Who should you call? What were they discussing? When will we go camping? What did the cat catch? Whose anniversary is it today? What are the students presenting? Who won the first prize? What couldn't they solve? Who did you meet at the bookstore? What is the best movie of the year? How did she play the piano? When has the meeting been rescheduled? What did the kids build on the beach? What did he eat? What should we buy? What is she writing? When will the plane land? Where did I find your keys? How long did it rain? What did they adopt from the shelter? Corrections Correction Exercise: WH Questions Original: Where she lives? Correction: ____________ Original: Who is the person which wrote this letter? Correction: ____________ Original: How much siblings have you? Correction: ____________ Original: Why you didn't attend the meeting? Correction: ____________ Original: Whom is that book belongs to? Correction: ____________ Original: What you thought about the movie? Correction: ____________ Original: When you will arrive at the airport? Correction: ____________ Original: Which is the reason you are late? Correction: ____________ Original: How long you know him? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is this beautiful painting? Correction: ____________ Answers: Where does she live? Who is the person who wrote this letter? How many siblings do you have? Why didn't you attend the meeting? To whom does that book belong? What did you think about the movie? When will you arrive at the airport? What is the reason you are late? How long have you known him? Whose beautiful painting is this? Correction Exercise: WH Questions Original: What you want to eat for lunch? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is this phone ringing in the meeting? Correction: ____________ Original: Where you found your lost keys? Correction: ____________ Original: How much hours do you sleep every night? Correction: ____________ Original: Who is the person whom you invited for the event? Correction: ____________ Original: When you will finish your assignment? Correction: ____________ Original: Which are the shoes you like most? Correction: ____________ Original: How come she didn't attend the party? Correction: ____________ Original: What kind of music you listen to? Correction: ____________ Original: How long is your journey to work? Correction: ____________ Original: Whom you met at the park yesterday? Correction: ____________ Original: Why she wasn't selected for the job? Correction: ____________ Original: What much money did you spend on that watch? Correction: ____________ Original: When is your sister birthday? Correction: ____________ Original: Which you prefer, tea or coffee? Correction: ____________ Original: How many books you read last month? Correction: ____________ Original: Who you invited to the party last night? Correction: ____________ Original: Where you bought your new laptop? Correction: ____________ Original: Whose is that cute puppy barking outside? Correction: ____________ Original: How often you go to the gym? Correction: ____________ Answers: What do you want to eat for lunch? Whose phone is ringing in the meeting? Where did you find your lost keys? How many hours do you sleep every night? Whom did you invite for the event? When will you finish your assignment? Which shoes do you like most? How come she didn't attend the party? What kind of music do you listen to? How long is your journey to work? Whom did you meet at the park yesterday? Why wasn't she selected for the job? How much money did you spend on that watch? When is your sister's birthday? Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? How many books did you read last month? Whom did you invite to the party last night? Where did you buy your new laptop? Whose cute puppy is barking outside? How often do you go to the gym? Correction: Incorrect Sentences: What you want to eat for lunch? Whose is this phone ringing in the meeting? Where you found your lost keys? How much hours do you sleep every night? Who is the person whom you invited for the event? When you will finish your assignment? Which are the shoes you like most? How come she didn't attend the party? What kind of music you listen to? How long is your journey to work? Whom you met at the park yesterday? Why she wasn't selected for the job? What much money did you spend on that watch? When is your sister birthday? Which you prefer, tea or coffee? How many books you read last month? Who you invited to the party last night? Where you bought your new laptop? Whose is that cute puppy barking outside? How often you go to the gym? What your plans for the weekend? When you can come for the meeting? Which color your car is? Why you didn't join the team? How much people attended the concert? Whom you borrowed the umbrella from? What much water should I drink daily? Why he doesn't like sushi? When is the next flight to Paris? Which your favorite movie genre? Correct Sentences with Explanation : Correct: What do you want to eat for lunch? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "do" to form a proper WH question. Correct: Whose phone is ringing in the meeting? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly identifies possession by using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Where did you find your lost keys? Explanation: The corrected sentence includes the auxiliary verb "did" for correct question formation. Correct: How many hours do you sleep every night? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly uses the auxiliary verb "do" and forms a complete question. Correct: Whom did you invite for the event? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: When will you finish your assignment? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "will" to inquire about the future. Correct: Which shoes do you like most? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question with the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How come she didn't attend the party? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "how come" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "did." Correct: What kind of music do you listen to? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question about the type of music with the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How long is your journey to work? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about the duration of the journey. Correct: Whom did you meet at the park yesterday? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: Why wasn't she selected for the job? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "was." Correct: How much money did you spend on that watch? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about the amount of money with the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: When is your sister's birthday? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly inquires about the specific time using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about preference using the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: How many books did you read last month? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: Whom did you invite to the party last night? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: Where did you buy your new laptop? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the auxiliary verb "did" for correct question formation. Correct: Whose cute puppy is barking outside? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly identifies possession by using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: How often do you go to the gym? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about frequency using the auxiliary verb "do." Correct: What are your plans for the weekend? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about plans using the auxiliary verb "are." Correct: When can you come for the meeting? Explanation: The corrected sentence inquires about a specific time using the auxiliary verb "can." Correct: What color is your car? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly forms a WH question about color using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Why didn't you join the team? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "didn't." Correct: How many people attended the concert? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "did." Correct: Whom did you borrow the umbrella from? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses the correct pronoun "whom" and places the auxiliary verb "did" at the beginning. Correct: How much water should I drink daily? Explanation: The corrected sentence correctly forms a WH question about quantity using the auxiliary verb "should." Correct: Why doesn't he like sushi? Explanation: The corrected sentence uses "why" to inquire about the reason and includes the correct auxiliary verb "doesn't." Correct: When is the next flight to Paris? Explanation: The corrected sentence properly inquires about a specific time using the auxiliary verb "is." Correct: Which is your favorite movie genre? Explanation: The corrected sentence forms a WH question about preference using the auxiliary verb "is."

An embedded question is a type of construction in English grammar where a question is included within another sentence, either as part of a larger question or as part of a statement. Embedded questions can serve various functions and are used in different contexts. Let's explore the three main types of embedded questions with detailed descriptions and examples. Embedded Questions within Statements: In this type, a question is incorporated into a declarative statement. These embedded questions often seek information or express curiosity. Sentence Pattern: SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) I wonder [where she put the keys]. He doesn't know [what time the movie starts]. She explained [how to solve the problem]. They are discussing [whether he will come to the party]. Embedded Questions within Yes/No Questions: In this type, a yes/no question is embedded within a larger question. The embedded question serves as part of the information sought in the overall question. Question Pattern: (Question Word) + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb (+ Object) or VSVO Do you know [where my phone is]? Can you tell me [if she will be there]? Have you figured out [whether it will rain]? Did she ask you [what time the meeting is]? Embedded Questions within Wh-Questions: This type involves embedding a question within another question, typically using question words like who, what, where, when, why, or how. Question Pattern: (Question Word) + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb (+ Object) or VSVO Can you explain [what happened]? Do you know [who took my book]? Tell me [how you plan to solve the issue]. Have you considered [where to go for vacation]? Examples of normal questions and their corresponding embedded questions: Uses of embedded questions Embedded questions serve various purposes in English, adding nuance and versatility to communication. Here are some common uses of embedded questions: Politeness: Direct Question: What time is it? Embedded Question: Could you please tell me [what time it is]? Direct Question: Where is the nearest bank? Embedded Question: I'm not sure [where the nearest bank is]. Direct Question: How did they solve the problem? Embedded Question: I wonder [how they solved the problem]. Direct Speech: "What do you want to know?" Reported Speech: He asked me [what I wanted to know]. Direct Question: When will the concert start? Embedded Question: I want to know [when the concert will start]. Direct Question: Where should we go for lunch? Embedded Question: Any ideas on [where we should go for lunch]? Direct Question: Will she come to the meeting? Embedded Question: I'm not sure [if she will come to the meeting]. Direct Question: Can you lend me your notes? Embedded Question: I was wondering [if you could lend me your notes]. Correction Incorrect: Can you explain me where is the library? Correct: Can you explain [where the library is]? Explanation: The verb "explain" does not require a direct object, so we don't use "me" after it. Instead, use the embedded question structure. Incorrect: I don't know that where did she go. Correct: I don't know [where she went]. Explanation: The conjunction "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you figured out that when the concert starts? Correct: Have you figured out [when the concert starts]? Explanation: Use the embedded question structure without the unnecessary "that." Incorrect: Where he lives, do you know? Correct: Do you know [where he lives]? Explanation: Inverting the subject and auxiliary verb is necessary for the correct question structure. Incorrect: I wonder do you have the answer. Correct: I wonder [if you have the answer]. Explanation: The word "if" is needed to introduce the embedded question. Incorrect: Why they canceled the flight, I don't understand. Correct: I don't understand [why they canceled the flight]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What she said, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [what she said]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out that who stole my wallet? Correct: Can you find out [who stole my wallet]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How you solved the problem, I want to know. Correct: I want to know [how you solved the problem]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is where the party is, known to you? Correct: Do you know [where the party is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. The question word "where" is properly placed at the beginning. Incorrect: Did you ask him that where he went? Correct: Did you ask him [where he went]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed in embedded questions. Incorrect: I don't understand what does she mean. Correct: I don't understand [what she means]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is she aware where did you put the keys? Correct: Is she aware [where you put the keys]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why you're upset, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [why you're upset]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Did she mention why did she resign? Correct: Did she mention [why she resigned]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I'm not sure who is that in the photo. Correct: I'm not sure [who that is in the photo]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out if they know when is the deadline? Correct: Can you find out [if they know when the deadline is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Are you aware that what are his plans? Correct: Are you aware [of what his plans are]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What does she want to know, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [what she wants to know]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know when did the store close? Correct: Do you know [when the store closed]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why you think that where is my phone? Correct: Why do you think [where my phone is]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you explain to me that what happened? Correct: Can you explain to me [what happened]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed in embedded questions. Incorrect: Is it known to you where are they now? Correct: Do you know [where they are now]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How much does it cost, have you figured out? Correct: Have you figured out [how much it costs]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What time does the class begin, do you know? Correct: Do you know [what time the class begins]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you tell me where she bought the dress? Correct: Can you tell me [where she bought the dress]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How can I reach you, do you have an idea? Correct: Do you have an idea [how I can reach you]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why she is upset, could you find out? Correct: Could you find out [why she is upset]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder why did they cancel the meeting. Correct: I wonder [why they canceled the meeting]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is it clear that where did she hide the gift? Correct: Is it clear [where she hid the gift]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know what time is it? Correct: Do you know [what time it is]? Explanation: The correct structure for embedded questions does not require the inversion seen in direct questions. Incorrect: Where did she ask you to meet at? Correct: Where did she ask you [to meet]? Explanation: The preposition "at" is not needed at the end of the sentence. Incorrect: I'm curious that what is your favorite movie. Correct: I'm curious [what your favorite movie is]. Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Could you tell me how did you solve the problem? Correct: Could you tell me [how you solved the problem]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Is it known to you where did she go? Correct: Do you know [where she went]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you considered that what should we do next? Correct: Have you considered [what we should do next]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What is the reason that he is upset? Correct: What is the reason [he is upset]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Where he works, do you know? Correct: Do you know [where he works]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you explain to me that what does this term mean? Correct: Can you explain to me [what this term means]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder why was the concert canceled. Correct: I wonder [why the concert was canceled]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you find out that where she is now? Correct: Can you find out [where she is now]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Do you know what does this button do? Correct: Do you know [what this button does]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Are you aware where is your sister? Correct: Are you aware [where your sister is]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How he managed to complete the project, I want to know. Correct: I want to know [how he managed to complete the project]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Can you tell me that where she found the book? Correct: Can you tell me [where she found the book]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Why she left the party, can you explain? Correct: Can you explain [why she left the party]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: Have you considered where should we go for vacation? Correct: Have you considered [where we should go for vacation]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: How did he react, can you tell me? Correct: Can you tell me [how he reacted]? Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: What do you think that why she is upset? Correct: What do you think [why she is upset]? Explanation: The word "that" is not needed, and the word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Incorrect: I wonder where did they find that information. Correct: I wonder [where they found that information]. Explanation: The word order in the embedded question should follow the correct structure. Identify whether the embedded question is accurate or needs correction. If correction is required, provide the corrected version. Exercise: **Do you know where did she hide the treasure? Correction: ______________________________________________ **I wonder why did he quit his job. Correction: ______________________________________________ **Can you tell me that where is the nearest grocery store? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Have you figured out when is the deadline? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Where he lives, do you know? Correction: ______________________________________________ **I'm curious that what are your plans for the weekend. Correction: ______________________________________________ **Did she ask you that where you got those shoes? Correction: ______________________________________________ **What is the reason that she is upset? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Can you explain to me where did you find that rare book? Correction: ______________________________________________ **Are you aware where is your passport? Correction: ______________________________________________ Answers: Do you know where she hid the treasure? I wonder why he quit his job. Can you tell me where the nearest grocery store is? Have you figured out when the deadline is? Where he lives, do you know? (No correction needed; the sentence is already correct.) I'm curious what your plans for the weekend are. Did she ask you where you got those shoes? What is the reason she is upset? Can you explain to me where you found that rare book? Are you aware where your passport is? Identify the errors and provide the corrected versions. Exercise: **Did you ask him that why he left early? **I wonder that where is my umbrella. **Can you explain me that how did you fix the computer? **Where did they say that where the new restaurant is? **Do you know where did she put the car keys? **Have you considered where should we go for vacation? **What is the reason that she's not attending the meeting? **Did you find out that where are my sunglasses? **Can you tell me that where is the best place to buy books? **Why she is upset, can you figure it out? **I'm curious that what is your favorite book. **What did he ask you that where is the train station? **Have you thought about where can we find a good restaurant? **Can you inform me that where will the concert be held? **I wonder that how can I improve my language skills. **Did you understand what is the reason for the delay? **Can you find out where is the nearest ATM? **What does she want to know, can you tell me? **Do you have an idea where should I apply for a job? **Did they mention where did they go on vacation? **Can you tell me that how did they manage to complete the project? **Why he is not here, can you explain? **I'm curious that what are the ingredients for this recipe. **Where she found the lost wallet, can you know? **Did you ask her where did she purchase the new phone? **What is the reason that they canceled the flight? **Have you considered where did he hide the birthday gift? **Do you know that where did your friend go for the holidays? **What is the reason that the computer crashed, do you have any idea? **Can you explain me that how does this machine work? Identify the incorrect ones. If a sentence is incorrect, provide the corrected version. Exercise: Why did she went to the store? Do you know what time is the meeting? I'm curious that how did they solve the puzzle. Can you tell me that where she keeps the spare key? Where is your brother, do you know? Did you ask him where is he from? I wonder why did they cancel the flight. Have you figured out that where did she hide the gifts? What is the reason that she is so upset? I don't understand that why is he so late. Can you explain to me that what are the rules? Where did she said she will meet us? I wonder where did they find this amazing restaurant. What is the explanation that why they are leaving? Can you find out that what does this button do? I'm curious that who is the person in the photo. Did you ask them what are their plans for the weekend? I wonder what is the meaning that she wants to convey. Are you aware where did they park the car? Can you tell me that what time will the movie start? Where did she went for her vacation, do you know? I'm curious what is the reason that he resigned. Did she ask you that where did you get those flowers? Can you explain to me that how does this machine work? Have you figured out where is the lost city? Do you know that where did they find the missing keys? Why he left the party, can you explain? I'm curious why is she looking so worried. Did she mentioned that why she is not attending the event? Can you find out that where did he leave his wallet? Here are the corrected versions for each of the sentences: Why did she go to the store? Do you know [what time the meeting is]? I'm curious how they solved the puzzle. Can you tell me [where she keeps the spare key]? Where is your brother, do you know? (No correction needed; the sentence is already correct.) Did you ask him [where he is from]? I wonder why they canceled the flight. Have you figured out [where she hid the gifts]? What is the reason why she is so upset? I don't understand why he is so late. Can you explain to me [what the rules are]? Where did she say she will meet us? I wonder where they found this amazing restaurant. What is the explanation for why they are leaving? Can you find out [what this button does]? I'm curious [who is the person in the photo]. Did you ask them [what their plans for the weekend are]? I wonder what is the meaning she wants to convey. Are you aware [where they parked the car]? Can you tell me [what time the movie will start]? Where did she go for her vacation, do you know? I'm curious [what the reason is that he resigned]. Did she ask you [where you got those flowers]? Can you explain to me [how this machine works]? Have you figured out [where the lost city is]? Do you know [where they found the missing keys]? Why did he leave the party, can you explain? I'm curious [about why she is looking so worried]. Did she mention why she is not attending the event? Can you find out [where he left his wallet]? Identify the incorrect embedded questions and provide the corrected versions. Exercise: What is the reason that he didn't come to the party? Can you explain me where is the nearest bus stop? Why she left her job, I want to know. Have you considered where should we go for dinner? I'm curious what are their plans for the weekend. Did she ask you that where did you buy those shoes? Do you know what time is the train arriving? Can you find out that where did they find the missing cat? What is the explanation that why she is upset? I wonder where did they go for their honeymoon. Did she mention that why she is resigning? Can you tell me where is the best place to buy groceries? I'm curious about what is the meaning of this symbol. Where did she said she will meet us? Do you know where is your passport? What do you think that why they canceled the event? Can you explain to me where did they hide the treasure? Have you figured out where is the secret entrance? I wonder why was the concert postponed? Did she ask you where you got that delicious cake? Corrected versions for each of the sentences: What is the reason [why] he didn't come to the party? Can you explain [to] me where the nearest bus stop is? Why did she leave her job, I want to know. Have you considered [where we should go] for dinner? I'm curious [about] what their plans for the weekend are. Did she ask you [where you bought those shoes]? Do you know [what time the train is arriving]? Can you find out [where they found the missing cat]? What is the explanation [for] why she is upset? I wonder [where they went] for their honeymoon. Did she mention [why she is resigning]? Can you tell me [where the best place to buy groceries is]? I'm curious [about] what the meaning of this symbol is. Where did she say she will meet us? Do you know [where your passport is]? What do you think [about] why they canceled the event? Can you explain [to] me where they hid the treasure? Have you figured out [where the secret entrance is]? I wonder [why the concert was postponed]. Did she ask you [where you got that delicious cake]?

ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dhaka Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (Marks: 60) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. We live in society. So, we must learn how to live (a)__ peace and amity (b)__ others. We have to respect others rights and (c)__ and liking and (d)__ as we expect others to respect us. We have (e)__ lot of duties and (f)__ in society. Education should aim (g)__ making each individual fully aware (h)__ these duties and responsibilities. It is true that one has (i)__learn how to earn the (j)__. Answer: 1. (a) in (b) with (c) privilege (d) disliking (e) a (f) responsibilities (g) at (h) of (t) to (j) bread 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. 0.5×10=5 Illiteracy is not (a)__ boon to us. It is undoubtedly a (b)__. It hinders all kinds (c)__ development of country. Illiteracy causes great (d)__to us. Since we are not (e)__ of the gravity of the problem, we cannot take steps to increase our (f)__ rate. As a result, we are (g)__ behind. We have to depend (h)__the foreign aids. So, all should come forward (i)__ to remove illiteracy. Then, the (j)__of our country will be possible. Answer: 2. (a) a (b) curse (c) of (d) harm (e) aware (f) literacy (g) lagging (h) on (i) unitedly (j) development 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. 1×5=5 Answer: 3.      (i) Copying in the examination is a social crime. (ii) It cannot bring any benefit. (iii) It hinders our education and development, (iv) The students who copy in the exam deceive themselves. (v) Nothing is as hateful as copying in the exam. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs in the box. 0.5×10=5 Bangladesh if full of natural resources. The prosperity of the country (a)__ on the proper utilization of the resources. We should not (b)__a lazy life. We should all (c)__up our country. For this reason, we have to (d)__hard. No nation can prosper without industry. It should be (e)__that industry is the key to success. If we (f)__ the days away, we (g)__behind. The nations that (h)__industrious (i)__the pinnacle of development. So, we (j)__them Answer: 4. (a) depends (b) lead (c) build (d) work (e) remembered (f) idle (g) will lag (h) are (i) reach (j) should follow 5. Change the narrative style of the following text. 5 The police officer said to Mita, “How can I help you?” Mita replied, “While I was coming home alone by a taxi last night, two snatchers rode into my taxi.” Did they snatch anything from you?” “Yes sir, they took away my cell phone and some money,” said Mita. “Let me record a complaint,” said the police officer. Answer: 5. The police officer asked Mita how he could help her . Mita replied that while she had been coming home alone by a taxi the previous night, two snatchers had ridden into her taxi. The police asked if they had snatched anything from her, Mita respectfully replied in the affirmative that they had taken away her cell phone and some money. The police officer requested that he might be allowed to record a complaint. 6. Change the sentences according to directions. 1×10=10 (a) We should read books to acquire knowledge. (Make complex sentences) (b) Books introduce us to realm of knowledge. (Use passive voice) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Make interrogative sentence) (d) By reading good books, we can enrich our mind. (Make compound sentence) (e) Reading books is a very good habit. (Make exclamatory sentence) (f) This habit is rarely disliked. (Affirmative) (g) More and more books should be read. (Use active voice) (h) No other thing is an interesting as reading books. (Use comparative degree) (i) When we read good books, we discover new worlds. (Make simple sentence) (j) Very few friends are as great as a good book. (Make superlative degree) Answer: 6.      (a) We should read books so that we can acquire knowledge. (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don't the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) We can read good books and enrich our mind. (e) What a good habit reading books is! (f) This habit is always liked. (g) We should read more and more books. (h) Reading books is more interesting then any other thing. them (i) By reading good books we discover new worlds. (j) A good books is one of the greatest friends. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) Smoking is a habit which__. (b) Many people go on smoking though__. (c) __, we will suffer a lot. (d)People can’t give up smoking easily because__. (e) So, attempts must be taken by us to__. Answer: 7. (a) Smoking is a which tells upon our health. (b) Many people go smoking though they know their bad impacts. (c) If we smoke we will suffer a lot (d) People can’t give up smoking easily  they become accustomed to it. (e) So attempts must be taken by us stop smoking. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes on the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Load-shedding is one of the most common problems of Bangladesh. Lives of our citizens are (a)__(serious) hampered for load-shedding. Students feel (b)__(difficult) in reading during load-shedding. (c)__(industry) activities are also hampered. We should use electricity (d)__(honest) and (e)__(frugal)and should create (f)__(aware) among people to solve this (g)__(nation) problem. Besides, government should take (h)__(effect) steps to (i)__(grade) our power stations to mitigate the (j)__(advantages) of our people. Answer: 8. (a) sacrifice (b) difficult (c) Industrial (d) honesty (e) frugally (f) awareness (g) national (h) effective (i) aggressive (j) disadvantages 9. Make tag questions of the following statements. 1×5=5 (a) Success cannot be achieved without efforts, __? (b) Everybody knows it, __? (c) The successful people are very industrious, __? (d) Everything glorious is gained through hard labor, __? (e) So, industry is the key to success, __? Answer: 9.      (a) Success cannot be achieved without efforts , can’t it ? (b) Everybody knows it don't they? (c) They successful people are very industrious , aren’t they ? (d) Everything glorious is gained though hard labour , aren’t they ? (e) So industry is the key to success , isn’t it ? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. 1×5=5 Gold is a bright precious metal. There are many metals cheaper (a)__gold but look like it. They glitter well (b)__ fade in course of time. Actually, there are many people in our society (c)__ are outwardly gentle and nice. But (d)__a period of time, their real identity is revealed. (e)__, all that glitters are not gold. Answer: 10. (a) than (b) but (c) who (d) within (e) In fact 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. 5 The lion roared how dare you wake me up I’ll kill you the mouse cried please let me go i didn’t mean to wake you up Answer: 11. The lion roared, "How dare you wake me up I’ll kill you." The mouse cried. Please let me go. I didn't mean to wake you up." Part B: Composition (Marks: 40) 12. Now write a paragraph in about 250 words on “The life of a Street Hawker”. 13. Suppose, you are Rajin Ahmed/Rezwana Akter. You have completed H.S.C. and looking for a job. You have seen a vacancy advertisement in “The Daily Star” for the post of an “Office Assistant” of Berger Company Ltd. Now make a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Sadman/ Saima. You are a student of Polisha High School, Madargonj,Jamalpur. There is no canteen in your school. Now write an application to the Headmaster of yours school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Suppose, a hawker lives nearby your house. You know a lot about him and his activities. 15. A student has many duties and responsibilities. He/she can play an important role to build up the nation. Now write a short composition on “Duties of a Student”. ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Rajshahi Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some words. You can use one word more than once: - Education (a) — our ignorance and gives us light (b) — knowledge. (c) — respect (d) — imparting education, there should be no discrimination (e) — man and woman. Education is one of the human rights. If we deprive women of (f) — right of education, almost half of our population will remain (g) — darkness. No (h) — can be brought about (i) — participation of women. So, government is (j) — everything to educate women folk. Answer: 1. (a) removes (b) of (c) In (d) of (e) between (f) the (g) in h) development (i) without (j) doing 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Use only one world in each blank: - Time is very (a) -. Time which is lost once is lost forever. There is a proverb that time and tide (b) — for none. It is time which does not have any relative feelings. If it is not used (c) —, one must suffer (d) — the long run. (e) — the other hand we can go a long way (f) — realizing the value of time. Those who have become great have made (g) — use of time. They never put (h) — their work (i) — tomorrow. As a result, they have (j) — top position in society. So, it is our duty to follow them. Answer: 2. (a) valuable/precious (b) wait/waits (c) properly (d) in (e) On (f) by (g) proper (h) aside/off (i) for (j) gained 3. Make five sentences using the parts of sentences from each column of the following table: Answer: 3.      (i) Joynul Abedin was born at a village in Kishoreganj in 1914. (ii) He did not like the hard and fast rules of school. (iii) So, he drew pictures secretly. (iv) At the age of fifteen, he went to Kolkata. (v) At the age of nineteen. he got himself admitted into Kolkata Govt. Ant College. 4. Complete the following text with the right forms of the verbs given in the box: - Happiness (a) — a relative term. A person with a crown (b) — in a palace may not be happy where as a day laborer may (c) — happiness (d) — in a shabby hut. Again happiness (e) — from person to person. A beggar (f) — be happy if he (g) — a coin but a businessman who can (h) — a huge sum of money a day (i) — not be happy. Everyone (j) — to be happy. Answer: 4. (a) is b) living (c) have (d) living (e) varies (f) can (g) gets (h) spend (i) may (j) wants 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "What's your program after the examination?" Asked Hira. Mira said, "I've not decided. Can you suggest any'?" "Let us go on a picnic," said Hira. "What an excellent idea it is!" said Mira. Answer: 5. Hira asked Mira what her (w programme was after the examination. Mira replied that she had not decided. She asked Hira if she (H) could suggest any. Hira proposed to go on a picnic Mira said astonishingly that it was an excellent idea. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions given in the brackets: - (a) Once upon a time two friends were passing by a forest. (Make it complex sentence) (b) They were talking about their love for each other. (Make it interrogative meaning) (c) Suddenly they saw a bear which was coming towards them. (Make it simple sentence) (d) The first friend climbed up a tree. (Make it a complex sentence) (e) The later could not climb up a tree. (Make it an affirmative sentence) (f) He did not find any way. (Make it a passive voice) (g) He lay down on the ground and feigned death. (Make it a simple sentence) (h) The bear smelt his ears, nose and face. (Use passive voice) (i) He was thought to be dead. (Make it a complex sentence) (j) The bear went away and he escaped himself (Make it a complex sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) Once upon a time there were 10 trends who were passing by a forest. (b) weren't they talking about their love for each other? (c) Suddenly they saw a bear coming towards them. (d) It is the first friend who climbed up a tree. (e) The later failed to climb up a tree. (f) No way was found by him. (g) Lying down on the ground, he feigned dead. (h) His ears, nose and face were smelt by the bear. (i) The bear thought that he was dead. (j) As soon as the bear went away, he escaped himself. 7. Complete the following sentences: - (a) Acid rain is harmful because —. (b) The wind was so strong that (c) Had he been a little careful (d) They were frightened when (e) Take your umbrella lest Answer: 7.      (a) Acid rain is harmful because it pollutes the environment. (b) The wind was so strong that it blew some huts away. (c) Had he been a little careful, he would not have made such a mistake. (d) They were frightened when a ferocious lion roared. (e) Take your umbrella lest you should be drenched in the rain. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both to the root words given in the brackets: -Those who live a (a) — (luxury) life are always (b) — (different) to the miseries of the poor. They enjoy life in (c) — (amuse) and (d) — (merry). They are (e) — (centered) people. They have little (f) — (realize) of the (g) — (bounded) sufferings of the poor. They remain indifferent to their (h) — (suffer). They feel (i) — (comfort) to work for their (j) — (better). Answer: 8. (a) luxurious (b) indifferent (c) amusement (d) merriment (e) self-centered (i) realization (g) unbounded (h) sufferings (i) uncomfortable (j) betterment 9. Add tag questions to the statements below: - (a) Telling lies is a great sin, —? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, —? (c) None believes a liar, —? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, —? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) None believes a liar, do they? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn't we? 10. Complete the following passage, using suitable connectors in the blanks: -     1 x5=5 Honesty is a divine virtue. The man (a) — possesses this quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, man should have trustworthiness (b) — nobody trusts a liar. (c) —, Allah helps the honest people. (d) —children should be taught honesty from the very beginning of life. (e) — they should be taught discipline. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) because (c) Moreover (d) So (e) Besides 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: -   5 Who are jolly those who have sound health are jolly sound mind lies in sound body minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure Answer: 11. Who are jolly? Those who have sound health, are jolly. Sound mind lies in sound body. Minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Farhan/Farhana. Your home district is Kurigram. You have recently passed SSC from Dinajpur Board. You have found a job advertisement in a National Newspaper that there is a vacancy post for the position of a salesman in a manufacturing company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Samir/Samira. You read in Jhalakathi Govt. High School. The students of your class want to go on a study tour. So, you need permission of the Head teacher. Now write an application to the Head teacher of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on "Life of a farmer." 15. Write a composition in " Science in everyday life." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dinajpur Board-2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: – Travelling has a beneficial (a) — on our minds. The human mind always craves (b) — change. This is (c) — by travelling in new lands. There is none who does not feel (d) — thrill of joy at the new sight (e) — experience. Travelling gives us an opportunity to enjoy (f) — most charming scenes (g) — nature. Though it is (h) —, it can bring a change both in body (i)— mind. Thus, travelling can help one to complete his knowledge and can be (j) —perfect man. Answer: 1. (a) influence (b) for (C) affordable (d) the (e) of (f) the (g) of (h) expensive (i) and (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — Robert Bruce was a famous king of Scotland. England was a great (a) — of his kingdom. So, he was driven (b) — from his kingdom by the English. For this, he had to fight against (c) — English for the defense of his country and (d) — men. But he was (e) — unfortunate fellow. He fought (f) — his kingdom several times but every time he was defeated. So, he was (g) — despair. One day while (h) — in a lonely cave, an incident drew his attention. He saw that a spider was trying to reach its target. Six times it tried and every time it failed. But it did not give (i)— its hope and finally at the seventh time it was successful (j) — its attempt. Answer: 2. (a) enemy (b) away (c) the (d) the (e) an (f) for (g) in (h) sitting (i) up (j) in 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.      (a) A school library is a part and parcel of a reputed school. (b) It is housed in the main building of our school. (c) We are not allowed to read books in the library during class hours. (d) Books can be borrowed for a certain period. (e) A catalogue must be maintained to locate any book. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box below: —        1/2x 10=5 The Republic of Maldives (a) — one of the smallest countries of South Asia. It (b) — 1199 islands that (c) — into 26 major atolls. People who (d) — to these islands from different parts of the world (e) — here since 3000 years ago. The natural beauties (f) — by the God attract the tourists to enjoy them. As a result, a lot of foreign currencies (g) — every year from the tourism that (h) — a lot to the national economy. So, the Maldives (i)— as the best tourist destination. Special importance (j)— by the government of the Maldives for the enhancement of tourism. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) has (c) cluster (d) have come (e) have been living (f) gifted (g) is earned (h) contribute (i) are ranked (j) is given 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: — Rosamond said to her mother. "What is it, Mum? I didn't want this black thing and the terrible smell." Mother said, "I don't know my dear. " Rosamond again said to her mother, "But what shall I do with it?" Mother said, "I can't tell." "Okay, Mum, I must pour it out and fill the jar with fresh water." Answer: 5. Addressing her mother as Mum Rosamond asked her mother) what that was. She (R) said that she (R) hadn't wanted that black thing and the terrible smell. Addressing Rosamond as her dear she (M) said that she (mother) didn't know. Rosamond again asked her mother what she (R) he would do with that. Mother said that she (mother) could not tell. Rosamond told her mother that it was okey and added that she (R) had to pour that out and fill the jar with fresh water. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: — (a) William Wordsworth is one of the best well-known poets in English literature (Positive). (b) He was the second of his father's five sons (Negative). (c) He was born at Cumberland on April 4, 1770 (Complex). (d) When he was eight years old, his mother died (Simple). (e) At the same year he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead for education (Compound). (f) He was only 13 years old when his father died (Interrogative). (g) Fundamental education had been given to him at the school (Active). (h) The education that he learnt from this institution played better role in his life (Simple). (i) The readers called for a new edition of his famous book "The Lyrical Ballads" in 1800 (Passive). (j) This book brought a huge name and fame in his life (Exclamatory). Answer: 6.      (a) Very few poets in English literature are so well known as William Wordsworth. (b) He was neither the first nor the third of his father's five sons. He was none but the second of his father's five sons not (c) He was born at a place called Cumberland on April 4 ,1770 / April 4, 1770 was the on date when he was born at Cumberland. (d) His mother died in his eight years of age. (e) It was at the same year and he was sent to the Grammar School of Hawkshead for end education. (f) How old was he when his father died? (g) The school had given him fundamental bless education (h) The education learnt from this institution played better role in his life. (i) A new edition of his famous book "The Lyrical Ballads" was called for by the readers in 1800. 7. Complete the sentences: — (a) He asked me —. (b) — how it can be done. (c) Hardly had he started for school —. (d) He told me that —. (e) — there is a way. Answer: 7.      (a) He asked me if I could recognize him. (b) He will show me how it can be done. (c) Hardly had he started for school when the rain came. (d) He told me that honesty is the best policy. (e) Where there is a will, there is a way. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — '/2 x10 =5 Agriculture is the soul of our national economy. But the farmers of our country are (a) — (literate). They are (b) —(ignore) of the scientific methods of (c) — (cultivate). As a result, our agriculture is still a (d) — (gamble) in the hands of nature. Sometimes heavy flood damages standing crops and invites (e) — (fame) in an epidemic form. Besides, sometimes drought makes cultivation (f) — (possible). Then (g) — (poor) is seen everywhere. As a result, poor farmers cannot buy (h) — (science) tools for agriculture. Moreover, the tools are not (i) — (avail) to buy them. So, it is said that (j) — (irrigate) is really costly in our country. Answer: 8. (a) illiterate (b) ignorant (c) cultivation (d) gambling (e) famine (f) impossible (g) poverty (h) scientific (i) available (j) irrigation ore 9. Complete the following sentences using appropriate question tags: — (a) Shapna has little knowledge about computer, —? (b) But she can improve herself if she is interested in it, (c) I think she has no interest in it, —? (d) She should be motivated at all, —? (e) Let's talk to her, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Shapna has little knowledge about computer, has she? (b) But she can improve herself if she is interested in it, can't she? (c) I think she has no interest in it, has she? (d) She should be motivated at all, shouldn't she? (e) Let's talk to her, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable sentence connectors: — An idle man does not do his work in right time. He puts off work of today for tomorrow. A student (a) —neglects his daily lessons is sure to fail. A young man who idles away his time becomes a burden to the family (b) — the society. His brain becomes the workshop of Devils. It is said (c) — the Devil tempts the busy man (d) —the idle man tempts the Devil. (e) — everyone should make the best use of time. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) and (c) that (d) but (e) So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — after supper when I began to set out lucy trembled in fear and said alfred dear are you quite sure that the letter really came from your chief I laughed told her not to be afraid and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. Answer: 11. After supper when I began to set out, Lucy trembled in fear and said, "Alfred, dear, are you quite sure that the letter really came from your Chief?" I laughed, told her not to be afraid and hurried out of the room and walked down the street. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Ratul looking for a job after completing your graduation in library science. You have seen an advertisement for the post of a librarian in a reputed college named Rupsha Degree College, Rupsha, Khulna. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the mentioned post. 13. Suppose, you are the students of class ten of Govt. Coronation Girls' Secondary School, Khulna. You are interested to go on a study tour in a historical place. Now, write an application to the Headmistress of your school praying for permission and monetary assistance regarding the tour. 14. Load-shedding has become a part of our daily life. It paralyses our way of life in many ways. Now, write a paragraph in 250 words on 'Load-shedding'. 15. Write a composition on 'Wonders of modern science'. ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Jashore Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You can use one word more than once: — The issue of food (a) — has drawn the attention (b) — general people. We (c) — find any food in our country (d) — is not adulterated in one way (e) — other. (f) — present, sub-standard foods are sold in most of (g) — hotels. Very recently government has directed a mobile court to look (h) — the matter of food (i) — They are catching dishonest hotelier’s red handed (j)— using unhygienic food ingredients. Answer: 1. (a) adulteration (b) of (c)hardly (d) which I (f) or (g) the (h) into (i) adulteration (j) for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — A true friend is (a) — asset. He stands (b) — his friends in time (c) — danger. He is not (d) — greedy person. He I — wishes for the welfare of (f) — friend. But it is a matter (g) — regret that a true friend is very (h) — today. A selfish man cannot be a (i) — friend. He always thinks of this (j)— interest. Answer: 2. (a) an (b) by (c) of (d) a I always (f) the (g) of (h) rare (i) true (j) own 3. Make five sentence using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.      (i) Man wants to know various things of the world, (ii) He is curious by nature. (iii) Newspaper shows us the outside world like a mirror. (iv) It is one of the best media to satisfy his curiosity. (v) It has a great educative value 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: — 1/2x 10=5 At present Bangladesh (a) — unemployment problem. This problem already (b) — an alarming dimension. The government (c) — to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) — without (e) — them skillful. Education (f) — a must. It (g) — a man to get a job. Job does not mean (h) — official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) — oneself in economic activities. The government is giving the educated youths financial help and training with a view to (j) — them self-reliant. Answer: 4. (a) is facing (b) has turned (c) is trying (d) solved (e) creating (f) is (g) helps (h) doing (i) engaging (j) making 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: —         5 The stranger said to the boy, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes, sir. I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. "I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. Answer: 5. The stranger asked the boy if he (b) could tell him (st the way of the nearest hotel. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he (b) could. He (b) asked him (st) if he (st) wanted a residential one in which he (so could spend the night. The stranger replied that he (st) did not want to stay there but he (st) only wanted a meal, 6. Change the sentence according to directions: —  1 x 10=10 (a) Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive) (b) A corrupted man can do anything against morality. (Complex) (c) People hate a corrupted man. (Passive) (d) Nobody respects him. (Interrogative) (e) The man who takes bribe is next to devil. (Simple) (f) Though we have stick law, we are still affected by this evil. (Compound) (g) No other person is as hated as a corrupted man. (Superlative) (h) We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple) (i) Everybody avoids a corrupted man. (Negative) (j) A corrupted man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.      (a) Very few evils are so bad as corruption. (b) A man who is corrupted can do anything against morality / A corrupted man can do anything that goes against morality (c) A corrupted man is hated by people. (d) Does anybody respect him? (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil. (f) We have strict law but we are affected by this evil. (g) A corrupted man is the most hated person. (h) We hope for Bangladesh being free from this evil. (i) Nobody accepts a corrupted man. (j) What an unhappy life a corrupted man leads! 7. Complete the sentence: — 1 x5=5 (a) An educational institution is a seat of learning —. (b) It should be a peaceful place where —. (c) But now-a-days peaceful atmosphere is absent from educational institutions because —. (d) The students who —. (e) The sooner it can be controlled, the —. Answer: 7.      (a) An educational Institution is a seat of learning so that a man can gain knowledge. (b) It should be a peaceful place where a man can acquire knowledge without any fear. (c) But now a days peaceful atmosphere is absent from educational institutions because of violence and terrorism. (d) The students who are engaged involved in violence can never acquire a sound knowledge. (e) The sooner it can be controlled, the better the result will be. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — Smoking is (a) — (danger) bad habit. It is (b) — (harm) to health. It is also (c) — (cost). A (d) — (smoke) should not smoke (e) — (public). Smoking creates (f) — (pollute). Smoking causes many (g) — (curable) diseases. It causes (h) — (comfort) to others. It causes irritation in the eye and (i) — (settle) the mind. But there are many people who are (j) — (aware) at the bad effect of smoking. Answer: 8. (a) dangerous (b) harmful (c) costly (d) smoker (e) publicly (f) pollution (g) incurable (h) discomfort (i) unsettles (j) unaware 9. Make tag questions of these statements: - (a) Hello, Rumi. You saw the program on arsenic pollution on the ATN yesterday, —? (b) Oh! Rajib. It has already become a serious problem in our country, —? (c) Yes, it enters into our body when we take arsenic contaminated water, —7 (d) It can cause different diseases, —? (e) Everyone must be careful about taking water, —? Answer: 9.      (a) You saw the programme on arsenic pollution in the ATN yesterday, didn't you? (b) It has already become a serious problem in our country, hasn't it? (c) Yes, it enters into our body when we take arsenic contaminated water, doesn't it? (d) It can cause different diseases, can't it? (e) Everyone must be careful about taking water, mustn't they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: — (a) — population problem is one of the greatest problems in our country. (b) — Bangladesh is a small country. it has a huge population. The government finds it difficult to provide basic necessities. (c) — it has become a great concern to all. (d) — solving this problem some necessary steps should be taken. In this regard general people should help the government. (e) — the population growth is controlled; people will lead a happy life. Answer: 10. (a) In fact (b) Though (c) As a result (d) With a view to (e) if 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — give me a few grains of corns i am dying of hunger said the grasshopper but what did you do in the summer didn't you store any grain the ant remarked i was too busy in singing. Answer: 11. "Give me a few grains of corns. I'm dying of hunger," said the grasshopper. "But what did you do in the summer? Didn't you store any grain?" the ant remarked. "I was too busy in singing." Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Rubi. You have seen a vacancy advertisement in the daily Prothom Alo for the post of senior officer in a private bank. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one Page. 13. Suppose, you are Labib. You arc a student of PK High School, Dhaka. There is no canteen in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on 'A School Magazine'. 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student" ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Comilla Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some the words. You may need to use one word more than once: - Our (a) — Bangladesh is (b) — agricultural country. Most of our (c) — are engaged (d) — cultivation. Many cultivators are (e) — poor to (f) — and use modern tools. Still they can (g) — bumper crops if the climate is (h)—. We hope to (i) — a developed nation (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) motherland (b) an (c) people (d) in (e) too y (f) buy (g) grow (h) favourable (i) become (j) soon 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - Honesty is (a) — to be (b) — best policy. An honest man never (c) — from the path (d) — morality. He is (e) —by (f) — but hated by (g) (h) — enemies believe and respect an (i) — and truthful man. So, it is our duty to remain honest (j) — our life. Answer: 2. (a) considered (b) the (c) deviates (d) of a (e) respected/admired/loved (f) all (g) none (h) Even (i) honest (j) throughout it 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - Answer: 3.      (i) Earthquake is a natural disaster. (ii) It is more destructive than flood. (iii) Earthquakes destroy many towns with the people. (iv) We do not get any warning before it. (v) We should have enough preparation to save us from it. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: - 'Health (a) — wealth,' (b) — the proverb. We cannot (c) — it. We cannot (d) — it. We must (e) — our body by (f) — the rules of health. People (g) — against germs that (h) — the body since their birth. Medicines (i) — to kill germs, but we have to (j)— the body fit by ourselves through the maintenance of the rules of health. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) goes (c) purchase (d) borrow (e) build (f) following (g) struggle (h) harm (i) have been invented/are invented (j) keep 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "Hello rickshaw puller, will you go?" said I. "Where?" said the rickshaw puller. "I want to go the railway station." "I may go, if you pay me 200 takas." said the rickshaw puller. Answer: 5. I called the rickshaw puller and asked him if he would go. The rickshaw puller asked me where I would go. I replied that I wanted to go to the railway station. The rickshaw puller said that he might go if I paid him 200 taka. 6. Change the sentences according to directions in the brackets: - (a) Mr. Rahim, one of my cousins is a good teacher. (Complex) (b) He is older than 1. (Positive degree) (c) He wants his students to be good citizens. (Complex) (d) He leaves no stone unturned to teach them morality. (Affirmative) (e) He becomes very happy when the students achieve good results in public examinations. (Exclamatory) (f) Mr. Rahim is not only punctual but also sincere. (Simple) (g) He is the best teacher in our area. (Negative) (h) He cannot remain sitting in the class. (Affirmative) (i) He goes to class after taking preparation. (Compound) (j) All the students respect him very much. (Passive) Answer: 6.      (a) Mr. Rahim who is a good teacher is one of my cousins./ Mr. Rahim who is one of my cousins is a good teacher. (b) I am not as old as he. (c) He wants that his students will be good citizens. (d) He tries his best to teach them morality. . (e) How happy he becomes when the students achieve good results in public examinations! (f) Mr. Rahim is punctual and sincere. (g) No other teacher in our area is so good as he. (h) He remains busy in the class. (i) He takes preparation and then goes to class. (j) He is respected very much by all the students. 7. Complete the following sentences: - (a) We come to know about the happenings of home and abroad if—. (b) People read newspaper lest—. (c) Many students do not read newspaper regularly as (d) Many people earn their living by —. (e) I become happy when —. Answer: 7.      (a) We come to know about the happenings of home and abroad if we read newspaper regularly. (b) People read newspaper lest they should remain ignorant of the current affairs in. (c) Many students do not read newspaper regularly as they do not know the Importance of it. (d) Many people earn their living by selling newspaper. (e) I become happy when I get the daily newspaper in the early morning. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - The other name of water is life. Clean water is (a) —(drink). Dirty water is (b) — (safe). Clean water is (c) — (contaminate) and (d) — (suit) for drinking. Bangladesh is a (e) — (river) country. But we get (f) —(adequate) water for use. The water of our rivers is (g) — (filth) — and (h) — (poison) We should keep water clean for health, happiness and (i) — (long). The Government should play an (j) — (act) role to keep water safe. Answer: 8. (a) drinkable (b) unsafe (c) uncontaminated (d) suitable (e) riverine (f) inadequate (g) filthy (h) poisonous (i) longevity (j) active 9. Make tag question of the following statements: - (a) I need a pen, —? (b) I must write a letter to my friend, —? (c) I have not written any letter to him for a long time, —? (d) As we are friends, I think, we should keep in touch, —? (e) I am irregular in writing but my friend is always regular in writing, —? Answer: 9.      (a) I need a pen, don't I? (b) I must write a letter to my friend, mustn't I? (c) I have not written any letter to him for a long time, have I? d) As we are friends, I think we should keep in touch, shouldn't we? (e) I am irregular in composition but my friend is always regular in composition, isn't he? 10. Complete the passage with suitable connectors: Student life is the best time in life (a) — almost every student is free from cares (b) — anxieties of life. He has nothing to do (c) — study. (d) — a student, he should read novels, magazines, newspapers (e) — text books. Answer: 10. (a) But (b) and (c) but (d) As (e) and 11.Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the text below: - my dear mother your letter is just to hand it seems to me that you are anxious for me why you need not think about me Answer: 11. My dear mother, your letter is just to hand. It seems to me that you are anxious for me. Why? You need not think about me. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12.Suppose, you are Rahim/Rahima of 12/12 Mirpur, Comilla and you have passed BBA. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post of a cashier to the GM, Pubali Bank, Dhaka. Your CV should not exceed one page.            8 13. Suppose, you are Habib/Habiba of Bakultala High School, Chittagong. You need financial help to hear your educational expenses. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for financial help from the Poor Fund of the school. 14. Our national flag is of great significance to us. Now, write a paragraph on 'Our National Flag'.            1 0 15. Write a composition on, 'Your Hobby'. Chattogram Board-2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: — A stitch (a) — time saves nine. This is (b) — very well-known proverb. Some people don't care (c) — anything. They (d) — off a job (e)— tomorrow, though they are not (0— whether the day will come. In this way, they can't finish a work when they (g) — it. Then they say, "Alas! If we were not (h) — about our jobs when we had a lot (i)— time we could be (j)— ". Answer: 1. (a) in (b) a (c) about (d) put (e) for (1) sure (g) need (h) careless (i) of (j) successful 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: — An early (a) — can enjoy (b) — fresh air and oxygen (c) — the morning which refreshes both his body and mind. Moreover, he can finish his work early and as such he finds enough time to (d) — his work properly. (e) — the other hand, too much sleep makes (f) — man dull and lazy. A man who gets up late, wastes a lot of time (g) — sleep and idleness. He does not utilize time (h) — doing his work properly. So, everyone should make (i) —habit of early (j) —. Answer: 2. (a) riser (b) the (c) in (d) do/perform (e) On (f) a (g) in (h) by (i) the (j) rising 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences form each column of the table below Answer: 3.      (i) Bangladesh is a riverine country. (ii) It has a network of many large and small rivers. (iii) The large rivers flow all the year round. (iv) The small ones flow only during the rainy season. (v) All the rivers can be used for various purposes. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once: — Many students (a) — their studies from the beginning of the year. When the examination (b) —, they start (c) —very seriously. Sometimes they (d) — notes from their friends. Most of the time they get their notes (e) — by their private tutors. They (f) — these notes without (g) —. As a result, their power of (h) — does not develop. If they find any new question in the examination they can't (i) — it properly. As a result, many students can't do well in the examination. If they had read seriously from the very beginning of the year, they (j) — better result in the examinations. Answer: 4. (a) neglect (b) approaches (c) reading (d) collect (e) prepared (f) memorize (g) understanding (h) thinking (i) answer (j) would have done 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: — "May I come in, Sir?" said the guardian. "Yes, come in, please", said the Headmaster. The guardian said, "We, all the guardians along with you must do something for the betterment of our children. They are losing their morality". The Headmaster said, "Let's plan something for their betterment." Answer: 5. The guardian asked the Headmaster respectfully if he (g) might go in. The Headmaster replied in the affirmative and requested him (g) to go in. The guardian said that they all the guardians along with him had to do something for the betterment of their children, because they were losing their morality. The Headmaster proposed that they should plan something for their betterment. 6. Change the sentence according to directions: — (a) Is there anybody who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive) (b) Do you know it? (Passive) (c) An industrious man will shine in life. (Complex) (d) Hard work is needed for success. (Active) (e) A life with an assignment is an actual life. (Negative) (f) No one can receive any reward unless he works hard. (Simple) (g) One can't be successful without it. (Interrogative) (h) A successful man is very happy. (Exclamatory) (i) No other man is as happy as a successful man. (Superlative) (j) A hardworking man is healthier than an idle man. (Positive) Answer: 6.      (a) There is nobody who does not want to succeed in life./There is nobody but wants to succeed in life. (b) Is it known to you? (c) A man who is industrious will shine in life. (d) Success needs hard work. (e) A life without an assignment is not an actual life. (f) No one can receive any reward without working hard. (g) Can one be successful without it? (h) How happy a successful man is! (i) A successful man is the happiest man. (j) An idle man is not as healthy as a hard working man. 7. Complete the sentences: — (a) 1971 is the year when—. (b) Though Bangladesh has limited natural resources—. (c) — because he is not attentive to study. (d) Be truthful if—. (e) His silence proves that—. Answer: 7.      (a) 1971 is the year when Bangladesh came into being/ Bangladesh was born. (b) Though Bangladesh has limited natural resources, it cannot utilize them properly. (c) He cannot pass because he is not attentive to study. (d) Be truthful if you want to gain others' respect. (e) His silence proves that he is guilty 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: — 1/2 x 10 =5 The aim of (a) — (educated) is to make a man fully equipped to be (b) — (use) to himself and to society. A (c) —(true) educated person should be self-reliant with regard to his (d) — (person) needs. He should be well-mannered, (e) — (thought), sympathetic and co-operative. He should be (f) — (truth), honest, punctual and (g) —(duty). Punctuality is a virtue that makes a nation (h) — (prosper). An educated person tries to (i) — (move) the sufferings of this countrymen. He also helps others in attaining (j) — (self-reliant). Answer: 8. (a) education (b) useful (c) truly (d) personal (e) thoughtful (f) truthful (g) dutiful (h) prosperous (i) remove (j) self reliance 9. Make tag questions of the following statement: — The wind blows gently in the spring, —? Let them do the work, —? How nice the flowers are, —? Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, —? Work hard to succeed, —? Answer: 9.      (a) The wind blows gently in the spring, doesn't it? (b) Let them do, the work, will you? (c) How nice the flowers are, aren't they! (d) Everything looks beautiful in a moonlit night, don't they? (e) Work hard to succeed, will you/won't you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: —      1 x5=5 Every citizen has some duties and responsibilities for his nation. (a) — most of the people are careless in this respect. People of this country have achieved national identity at the cost of a great sacrifice (b) — is still evaluated nationally (c) — some selfish people never want to give them recognition. (d) — we all should do some benevolent activities. (e) — we will be guilty to the nation. Answer: 10. (a) But (b) which/that (c) Because (d) Therefore (e) Otherwise 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: — did people use stamps in those days asked rafiq yes answered mr. jamal the first stamps were used in 1840 are they easy to get now asked rafiq they are very difficult to get his uncle replied Answer: 11. "Did people use stamps in those days?" asked Rafiq. "Yes", answered Mr. Jamal, "the first stamps were used in 1840." "Are they easy to get now?" asked Rafiq. "They are very difficult to get," his uncle replied. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Samia/Samin and you have passed B.Sc Hon's in Chemistry. You have seen a vacancy for the post of a Medical Representative in a renowned company. Now write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Imagine, you are Adib/Adiba, of Madhupur High School. Now write an application to your Headmaster requesting him to open a "Debating Club" in your school compound. 14. Suppose. you have got stuck in a long traffic jam the way to examination hall. Now write a paragraph on 'Traffic Jam' in 250 words. 15. Now a day’s computer is widely used in different sections. So, Bangladesh Government also wants to make Bangladesh digital. Now write a composition regarding "the uses of computer in our everyday life." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Sylhet Board 2016 Part A: Grammar (60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than one: – The modern world is undoubtedly a world of computers. It has brought (a) — a great change in our way of life. It works as a (b)— for human brain. It has enabled us to perform any difficult work (c) — in a few seconds. In the field (d) — medical science, printing, education etc. computers are doing (e) — jobs. In (f) — western countries, computers (g) — every sphere of man's life. Our country is also gradually moving (h) — a computer culture. It saves both our time and (i)—. I f we make a constructive use of it, it can render (j)— great service to mankind. Answer: 1. (a) about (b) substitute (c) accurately (d) of (e) wonderful (f) the (g) dominate (h) towards (i) energy (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable word: – Housing is one of the (a) — problems of our (b) —.Thousands of people in big cities (c) — Dhaka and Chittagong dwell (d) — the footpaths. In rural (e) — also there is (f) — acute shortage of houses. The cost of construction is (g) — everyday. At present it is very (h) — for the common people to afford (i) — cost of construction. This problem needs to be addressed (j) —. Answer: 2. (a) main/acute (b) country (c) from (d) on (e) areas (f) an (g) rising (h) high (i) the (j) shortly/ immediately 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: – Answer: 3.      (i) Trees are our best friends. (ii) They play an important role in our life. (iii) They are a great source of food and 1 in answer the ere sad heir vitamins. (iv) We should not cut trees at random. (v) We should plant trees more and more for a better future. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs in the box: – Men (a) — ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive time, they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places. They (b) — themselves with simple weapons. Their journeys (c) — long tiring and often dangerous. Being intelligent, they soon (d) — easier ways of travelling. They (e) — on the backs of their domestic animals. They (f) — boat and used it to travel across water. Travelling, of course, has now (g) — a highly organized business. There are vehicles which (h) — us with comforts and security. If we want to go abroad, we (i) —a passport and a visa. If we (j) — any of them, our journey may be ruined. Answer: 4. (a) had travelled (b) protected (c) were (d) discovered (e) rode (f) made (g) become (h) provide (i) need (j) lose. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: – "Why are you looking so happy?" Dipa said to Rupali. "My brother sent a mobile phone for me yesterday," replied Rupali. "But What's the use of it to you? I think it is a mere wastage of money?" said Dipa. "No. I can communicate with others in the shortest possible time." said Rupali. Answer: 5. Dipa asked Rupali why she was looking so happy. Rupali replied that her brother had sent 1 a mobile phone for her the previous day. Dipa asked what the use of it to her was. She also said that she thought it was a mere wastage of money. Rupali replied in the negative that she could communicate with others in the shortest possible time. 6. Change the sentences according to direction: – (a) Long time ago, there lived a young man called Ruplal. (Make compound sentence) (b) He lived with his family and worked on a farm. (Make interrogative sentence) (c) It was a beautiful place but there were a lot a problem (Make complex sentence) (d) The village people were quarrelsome. (Make negative sentence) (e) Ruplal decided to go and live alone in the jungle in order to find peace. (Make complex sentence) (f) So, he collected his things and went to live by himself. (Make simple sentence) (g) Ruplal made a nice little but for himself in the jungle (Use passive voice) (h) How happy I am now! (Make assertive sentence) (i) My jungle but is one of the most peaceful places in the world. (Make positive degree) (j) That night, while Ruplal was sleeping, he heard a noise. (Make simple sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) There lived a young man called Ruplal and it was long time ago. (b) Didn't he live with his family and work on a farm? (c) Though it was a beautiful place, there were a lot of problems. (d) The village people were not peaceful. (e) Rupial decided to go and live alone in the jungle so that he could find peace. Collecting his things, he went to live by himself. (g) A nice little hut was made by Ruplal for himself in the jungle. (h) I exclaimed with joy that I was very happy then. (i) No other place in the world is so peaceful as my jungle hut. (j) That night, Ruplal heard a noise at the time of sleeping 7. Complete the sentences: – (a) Yesterday I could not get up from bed in time because—. (b) As soon as 1 got up from bed (c) Since I could not avail the bus, —. (d) On the way to school. I walked fast lest —. (e) If I" reached late—. Answer: 7.      (a) Yesterday I could not get up from bed in time because I was late to go to bed. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, it was 7:00 am. (c) Since I could not avail the bus, I started to walk (d) On the way to school, I walked fast lest I should miss the class. (e) if I reached late, I would be taken to task. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: – Man is (a) — (nature) curious to know the unknown. Newspaper is the best medium to satisfy this (b) —(curious). It tells us what is (c) — (happen) around the world. It is the (d) — (supply) of all sorts of news and views. A newspaper is a (e) — (power) instrument of publicity. Government (f) — (notify) are given publicly through it. It is a good (g)— (company) in our solitary hours. It helps the (h)— (grow) of public opinion. But it is not an (i) — (mix) blessing. However, newspaper has made the world (j) — (small) and help one nation to understand the other. Answer: 8. (a) naturally (b) curiosity (c) happening (d) supplier (e) powerful (f) notifications (g) companion (h) growth (i) unmixed (j) smaller 9. Make tag questions of these statement: – (a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, —? (b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, —? (c) We decorated the school campus colorfully, —? (d) Among the events, sack race and three leg races were interesting. —? (e) None could resist laughter watching these events, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Your letter gave me much pleasure, didn't? (b) I am glad to inform you about our sports day, aren't ? (e) We decorated the school campus colorfully, didn't we? (d) Among the events, sack race and three leg race were interesting, weren't they? (e) None could resist laughter watching these events, could they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connector: – (a) — I were a rich man I would help others. People living under poverty line has the hope of better days (b) —they do not get (c) — they dream of. (d) — their condition is getting from bad to worse. The only thing (e) —they need is nothing but education. Answer: 10. (a) If (b) but (e) what (d) Besides (c) which/ that 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: – are you ill he said coldly no i said then why are you sitting when all others are working go out at once and give them a hand Answer: 11. "Are you ill?" he said coldly. "No." I said. "Then why are you sitting when all others are working? Go out at once and give them a hand." Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, Pacific Bank Limited invites applications for the post of junior officer. You are Latif/Latifa and you are interested to build up a career as a banker. Now write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Mohim/Mohima of the village Modhupur, upazila Patiya, district Chittagong. Recently a flood has swept over your area and caused a got havoc. Now, write an application to the Deputy Commissioner of your district for relief and medical aids for the flood affected people of your area. 14. A school magazine gives the students an opportunity to reveal their creative genius. Suppose, your school publishes a school magazine every year. Write a paragraph in about 250 words on "A School magazine." 15. Journey is always pleasant. Suppose you have made a journey recently. Now write a composition on "A Journey you have made." ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Barishal Board-2016 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: – The benefits of (a) — newspapers can hardly be exaggerated. Newspaper is (b) — storehouse of knowledge. The chief business (c) — a newspaper is to (d) — us news which we need (e) — know. It tells us what happens at home and abroad. The (t) — civilized people cannot (g) — without newspaper. Newspaper plays an important role in the lives (h) —a nation. It makes the world smaller and provides a (i)— benefit (j)— us. Answer: 1. (a) reading (b) the (c) of (d) give (e) to (f) modern (g) do (h) of (i) great (j) to 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: – Punctuality is of (a) — value to a student. An unpunctual (b) — who is (c) — in the class will miss a part of his/her lesson and (d)— lag behind. But (e)— punctual student will learn his/her lesson in time and do (f) — in the examination. Punctuality is (g) — key (h)— success. We all (i) —be punctual (j)— our day to day life. Answer: 2. (a) great (b) student (c) late (d) eventually (e) a (f) well (g) the (h) to (i) should (j) in 3.         (i) Character is the crown of a man. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: – Answer: .        (i) Character is the crown of a man. (ii) It is a mental or moral nature. (iii) If character is lost, everything is lost. (iv) Everybody hates a man without character. (v) Environment influences one's character 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box: – The other name of water is life. We cannot (a) — a single moment without it. Water is (b) — not only for drinking purposes but also for household works and industrial works. Water becomes (c) — in many ways. The mills and factories pollute water by (d) — waste into it. Water (e) — polluted by chemicals and different elements. Sometimes people (f) — from many diseases. We should (g) — very careful about it. We must (h) —for safe source of drinking water. Otherwise we must (i) — in danger. Let us (j) — water from pollution. Answer: 4. (a) do (b) used (c) polluted (d) throwing (e) is (f) suffer (g) be (h) look (i) fall (j) save 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: – Mrs. Nasima said to her student, "1 heard the news of your illness yesterday. How are you now"? "I feel a bit well today, madam," replied the student. "don't worry. You will come around soon," said Mrs. Nasima. Answer: 5. Mrs. Nasima told her student that she had heard create of his illness the previous day. She asked him how he was then. The student replied respectfully that he felt a bit well that day. Mrs. The Nasima told him not to worry and added that he would come round soon. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: – (a) Bangladesh is a low-lying country. (Make interrogative) (b) Every year natural disasters visit us. (Make passive voice) (c) Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. (Use comparative degree) (d) It is Dhaka city which has not yet suffered any severe earthquake. (Make simple sentence) (e) People living in the high land can escape flood. (Make complex sentence) (f) Crops are damaged by this flood. (Make active voice) (g) Who does not know the consequence of Tsunami? (Make assertive sentence) (h) The recent flood was very devastating. (Make exclamatory sentence) (i) Bangladesh is in the active earthquake zone. (Make negative) (j) Dhaka is the riskiest city in the earthquake zone. (Use positive degree) Answer: 6.      (a) Isn't Bangladesh a low-lying country? (b) Every year we are visited by natural for disasters. (c) Flood is more dangerous than most other natural disasters. (d) Dhaka city has not yet suffered any severe as earthquake. (e) People who live in high land can escape me flood. (f) This flood damages crops. In (g) Everybody knows the consequence of Tsunami. (h) How devastating the recent flood was! (i) Bangladesh is not in the inactive earthquake to zone. (j) No other city in the earthquake zone is as risky as Dhaka. 7. Complete the sentences: – (a) Five years have passed since —. (b) It is a matter of sorrow that (c) I tried to write to you but (d) In fact, we all are always —. (e) We hope that we Answer: 7.      (a) Five years have passed since we wrote to each other (b) It is a matter of sorrow that you didn't respond to my last letter. (c) I tried to write to you but could not manage don't time. (d) In fact, we all are always busy with our own interest. (e) We hope that we will meet soon. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words ON en in the parenthesis: – 1/2 x 10 =5 Smoking produces (a) — (danger) — effects on man. By smoking a man incurs both physical and (b) — (economy) — loss. Smoking is a kind of (c) — (addict). Those who become (d) — (addict) — to drug, first begin smoking which is the initial step of addiction. We should raise (e)—(aware) — among our people. We should (f)—(courage) — others to smoke. It is (g) — (possible) — to stop smoking without (h) — (unite) — efforts. (1) — (fortunate) —only the (j)— (wise) — men can do such foolish work Answer: 8. (a) dangerous (b) economical (c) addiction  (d) addicted (e) awareness (f) discourage (g) impossible (h) united (i) Unfortunately (j) unwise 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, —? (b) Let's talk to him, —? (c) We think he doesn't know how to play tennis, —? (d) Everybody praises an all-rounder, —? (e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, —? Answer: 9.      (a) We see that Masum has little knowledge about games and sports, has he? (b) Let's talk to him, shall we? (c) We think, he doesn't know how to play tennis, does he? (d) Everybody praises an all rounder, don't they? (e) Though he is a good student, he is lazy, isn't see he? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: – A hare is a very speedy animal; (a) —, a tortoise moves very slowly. (b) —it has a heavy shell on its back. (c)—, its legs are short. (d) —, it cannot move as fast as other animals. One morning a hare laughed at a tortoise for its slow motion. The hare asked the tortoise to run a race. (e) — the tortoise felt hurt, it agreed to the proposal of the hare. Answer: 10. (a) On the contrary/On the other First of all (c) Secondly (d) So/As a result (e) Since/As 11.Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: –   5 I was born in a village near tangail a small river flows beside the village the villagers bathe in the river and catch fish how happy they are what they want is peace Answer: 11. I was born in a village near Tangail. A small flows beside the village. The villagers bathe in the river and catch fish. How happy they are! What they want is peace. Part B: Composition (40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Shimul/Shaila and you have recently passed M.B.A from the University of Dhaka. There is a vacancy advertisement for the post of 'Public Relation Officer' in an Insurance Company in the daily Star. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose you are Zakir/Zara. You a student of G.C.B. High School, Gazipur. There is no canteen in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for setting up a canteen in your school campus. 14. Mobile phone is a part and parcel of our daily life. Write a paragraph on "The Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phone 15. Write a composition on "Your Favorite Hobby”.

Dhaka Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: Learning is (a) — continuous process. Learning a language depends on a process based (b) — language skills. We need to practice four skills (c) — learn a language (d) We learn by listening, (e) —, reading and writing. But we have to learn not by (1) — but by understanding. We know that (g) — child starts to learn its mother tongue (h) — listening and lip sing and (i) — speaking. Native (j) — learn their language easily by listening and speaking. Answer: 1. (a) a (b) on (c) to (d) properly (e) speaking (f) rote (g) A (h) by (me) (i) then (j) speakers 2. Fill In the blanks with suitable words: Every student wants to do well (a) -- the examination. But it is not (b) -- easy task. A student has to work (c) —  for this. From the very (d) — of the year, he must be serious. He should read the (e) — books again and again. He must not memorize answers (f) — understanding. He must not make note (g) — a common source. He should have a good command (h) — English. By doing all (i) — things, a student can hope to make (j) —excellent result. Answer: 2. (a) in (b) an (c) hard (d) beginning (e) text (f) Without (g) from (h) of (i) these (j) an 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.        (a) Bangladesh is a land of villages. (b) Our villages are underdeveloped though they are the heart of the country? (c) Rural people are mostly illiterate. (d) Rural development means the development of the villages. (e) So, prosperity of the country depends on the Welfare of the villages. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box: Edison never (a) — to school. All education that he ever got (b) — to him by his mother. At the age of twelve, he was put to (c) — on a railway. Having a great deal to do with newspapers, he (d) — to pick up the art of (e)— and he printed a newspaper of his own named "The Weekly Herald". One day he (f) — a station-master'schild which was nearly (g) — over by a train. The station-master, out of gratitude, (h) — him how to use thetelegraph. Young Edison soon (i)           great skill at the telegraph. When only twenty, Edison (j) — a new telegraph which was extremely useful. Answer: 4. (a) went (b) was given (c) work (d) managed (e) Printing (f) rescued (g) run (h) taught (i) acquired (j) invented 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: "Good morning, can I help you?" said the manager. "Yes, I was told to come over here to get a parking sticker. Is this the right place?" said the lady. "Yes, it is. What's the registration number of your car?" said the manager. Answer: 5. The Manager wished good morning to the lady And asked her if he could help her. The lady replied in the affirmative and said that she had been told to go over there to get a parking sticker. She asked him is that was the right place. The Manager replied in the affirmative and said that it was. Then he asked her what the registration number of her car was. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: (a)  Mother Teresa is an icon to many people. (Make it interrogative sentence) (b)  She is respected by everybody. (Make it active) (c)  She is one of the greatest persons of the world. (Make it positive) (d)  She was very kind to the needy and the ill-fated. (Make it negative) (e)  She believes that charity is a great virtue. (Make it compound sentence) (f)   Actually, Mother Teresa was a noble hearted person. (Make it a complex sentence) (g)  Mother Teresa was a very passionate woman. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (h)  She helped those who were helpless. (Make it a simple sentence) (i)   She set up "Nirmal Hridoy" at Kolkata. (Make it a compound sentence) (j)   Who does not know about the charity of Mother Teresa? (Make it assertive) Answer: 6.      (a) Isn't Mother Teresa an icon too many people? (b) Everybody respects her. (c) Very few persons of the world are as great as She. (d) She was not at all unkind to the needy and the ill-fated. (e) Charity is a great virtue and she believes it. (f) There is no denying of the fact that Mother Teresa was a noble hearted person. (g) What a passionate woman Mother Teresa Was! (h) She helped the helpless. (i) she set up "Normal Hidey" and it was at Kolkata. (j) Everybody knows about the charity of Mother Teresa. 7. Complete the sentences: (a)There goes a proverb that —. (b)Though lost wealth can be regained by hard work, lost time —. (c)Time is so valuable that —. (d)Those who — cannot shine in life. (e)—, you must be successful. Answer: 7.      (a) There goes a proverb that time and tide wait for none. (b) Though lost wealth can be regained by hard Work, lost time can never be  regained. (c) Time is so valuable that time once lost is lost forever. (d) Those who waste time cannot shine in life. (e) If you make proper use of time, you must be Successful. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: Flowers are the symbol of love and (a) — (pure). They are (b) — (know) for their beauty and fragrance. Some flowers are (c) — (note) for their fragrance and some are for their beauty. But the rose is favorite to us for its color and beauty. Its mother place is the city of Paris. The (d) — (Japan) are exceptionally famous for its (e) —(cultivate). At present most of the countries grow rose in plenty. It (f) — (general) grows from June to November. Its scent makes us (g) — (cheer). It makes people lively, lovely, (h) — (affection) and so on. By (i) — (grow) roses in plenty, we can export them and solve our (j) — (employ) problem. Answer: 8. (a) purity (b) known (c) noted (d) Japanese (e) Cultivation (f) generally (g) cheerful (h) Affectionate (i) growing (j) unemployment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: (a)  Telling lies is a great sin, --? (b)  One lie begets hundred lies. —? (c)  Man, hardly believes a liar, —? (d)  A liar has to lead a miserable life. —? (e)  So, all offs ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) Man hardly believes a liar, does he? (d) A liar has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn’t we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: We know that trees are essential for all kinds of creatures. They give us not only food (a) — oxygen. They protect us from natural calamities. (b) —, they are called the savior of our environment. (c) — many people are not aware of this. They cut down trees randomly. (d) —, forest lands are shrinking. (e) — people go on cutting down trees, one day there will be no trees left for us. Answer: 10. (a) but also (b) that’s why (c) But (d) As a result (e) If 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: in a certain school a student once found a one hundred taka note in the playground, he took it to his teacher what shall i do with it asked the teacher Answer: 11. In a certain school, a student once found a Hundred taka note in the playground. He too, to his teacher. "What shall I do with it? As the teacher Rajshahi Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Morning walk is an exercise (a) — for the people of all (b) —. It gives us (c) — benefits. (d) — people who wake up (c) — and go out for (f) — walk, can enjoy (g) — morning air. (h) — this exercise helps them (i) —good health. Again, they can (j) — a good start of their work. Answer: 1. (a) suitable (b) ages (c) numerous (d) The (e) early (f) A (g) fresh (h) Moreover (i) maintain (j) make 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Use only one word in each blank: — Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes a proper (b) — of time and does his duties (c) —, he is sure to improve and (d) — in life. Hut if he does not (e) — it, he is sure to (f) —. Then he will be (g) — to drag a miserable (h) —. To spoil time is (i) — for a person. For, our lift is nothing (j) — the sum total of hours, days and years. Answer: 2. (a) architect (b) division (c) accordingly (d) Succeed (e) do (f) repent (g) compelled (h) life (i) Suicidal/ punishable (j) but 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: — Answer: 3.        (i) Kari Nauru is our national poet. (ii) His writings inspired our freedom fighters. (iii) He explored almost all branches of Literature. (iv) He was born in a small village in India. (v) He is known as a rebel poet. 4. Complete the following text with right form of verbs given in the box: — There are several reasons why friendship (a) — so necessary in human life. A man without a friend is like a man (b) — in wilderness. Moreover, it (c) — Wm to understand his surrounding in a better way. By (d) to a friend, a man can get relief. The advice (e) — by a friend is sometimes more reliable than his own judgment. Thus, it is (f) — that friendship is really important. But a man must (g) — time while (h) — a friend. If he (i) —to select the right person as a friend, he (j) — in the long run. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) living (c) enables (d) speaking (e) given (f) Seen (g) take (h) choosing (i) fails (j) will suffer 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: —          5 My mother said, "Won't you go to school today?" I said, "Mother, I feel feverish today. I don't want to go to school." "Ok. take rest now. You should be more careful about your health." said mother. Answer: 5. My mother asked if I would not go to school that Day. I told my mother that I felt feverish that day. I also added that I didn't want to go to school. Mother said that it was okay and told me to take rest then. She also added that I should Be more careful about my health. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: — (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox's Bazar. (Make complex sentence) (b) I was very glad. (Make negative sentence) (c) I accepted the invitation. (Use passive voice) (d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Make simple sentence) (e) I was very excited to see the sea-beach. (Make exclamatory sentence) (f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (Use positive degree) (g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world. (Use comparative degree) (h) It is called the pleasure seekers' paradise. (Use active voice) (i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Make compound sentence) (j) If I could visit the sea-beach! (Make assertive sentence) Answer: 6.        (a) my friend invited me so that I could pay a Visit to Cox's Bazar. (b) I was not unhappy/sad at all. (c) The invitation was accepted by me. (d) Reaching there, my friend received me cordially. (e) How excited I was to see the sea-beach! (f) No other sea beach in the world is so large As it. (g) It is more beautiful than most other sea Beaches in the world. (h) People call it the pleasure seekers' paradise. (i) every year a lot of people come and visit it." (j) I wish I could visit the sea-beach. 7. Complete the following sentences: — (a) Books arc our best friends because —. (b) A man who reads books regularly —. (c) By reading books —. (d) We can learn moral values —. (e) We should inspire the students. Answer: 7.        (a) Books are our best friends because they are always ready to be beside us. (b) A man who reads books regularly is able to know many things. (c) By reading books we can earn knowledge. (d) We can learn moral values by reading books. (e) We should inspire the students to read Books. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parented: — Early rising is the habit of (a) — (get) up from bed early in the morning. An early (b) — (rise) can enjoy the (c) — (fresh) of the morning air. He can hear the (d) — (melody) songs of the birds. Again, he can start his day's work (e) — (early) than others. An early riser does not suffer from (f) — (physic) problems very often. So, he need not go to any (g) — (physic) (h) — (frequent). Thus, an early riser enjoys (i) — (very) benefits and leads a (j) — (peace) life. Answer: 8. (a) getting (b) riser (c) freshness (d) melodious (e) Earlier (f) physical (g) physician (h) frequently. (i) various (j) peaceful 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: — (a) Patriotism is a great virtue, —? (b) Every religion teaches us to be patriot, —? (c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, —'? (d) Why some people forget it is really a question —? (e) We hope that nobody will derail from the right path. —? Answer: 9.        (a) Patriotism is a great virtue, isn't it? (b) Every religion teaches us to be patriot, Doesn’t it? (c) We all must remember that the country is above everything, mustn't we? (d) Why some people forget it is really a Question, isn't it? (e) We hope that nobody will derail from the Right path, don't we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: — Ripa is a student of class ten. (a) — she is meritorious, she never takes pride in her merit. She is helpful to all. (b) — any weak student comes to her with any problem, she tries to help him. She is respectful to the senior (c) — affectionate to the junior. She is simple in behavior (d) — strict in principle. (e) — everyone loves her. Answer: 10. (a) Though (b) If (c) and (d) though (e) So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: the teacher said to me dont you like to practice English it’s an important subject and you should be more careful about it. Answer: 11. The teacher said to me, "Don't you like to practice English ” Its an important subject and you should be more careful about it. Dinajpur Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgement and the (b) — of help received from others. In the society we cannot do all things. Sometimes, we need the help (c) — others. We are (d) — dependent on the society. A man may be in danger (e) — in problem at any time. It is a natural instinct in man to come (f)— to help the needy because of his fellow-feeling, (g)—and kinship. Gratefulness comes from (h)— depth of heart and finds its manifestation (i) —books, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. Answer: 1. (a) the b) apperception c) of  d) entirely e)or (f) forward (g)friendship (h)the (i) in (j)for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: Trees are (a) — to man in many ways. They provide us (b) — oxygen without which we cannot live more than a few minutes. They supply (c) — with vitamin and food, give us shade and help to (d) — drought and flood. Unfortunately, we cannot realize (e) — importance of trees. We cut them (f) — in large numbers (g) — it is a suicidal attempt. (h) —we do not stop (i) — acts, soon our country will, no doubt, turn (j) — a desert. Answer: 2. (a) helpful (b)with (c)us (d) prevent (e) the (f) indiscriminate (g)although (h)if (i) the (j) into 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (i) Liberty does not descend upon a people automatically (ii) People must raise themselves to achieve (iii) Freedom from foreign domination is an old Idea. (iv) The real freedom means freedom from want Disease and ignorance. (v) It is a fruit that must be eased before it can be enjoyed. 4. Complete the following text with rigid form of verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once. Child labor has (a) — internationally by the UN. To make a child (b) — the work that’s suitable for a man is punishable. Yet in the third world countries, the number of child-labor (c) — up day by day. Bangladesh (d) —one of these countries. Though government is committed to (e)— rich people to engage children in laborious work, things are not so easy. Poverty (f) — the first impediment in this field. The poor parents want to get additional earning by (g) — their children in work. Many children (h) — at different sectors now. But this should not be (i) — on. We should immediately (j) — this problem. Answer: 4. (a) been forbidden (b) do (c) is going (d) is (e) dissuade (f) is (g) employing (h) are working (i) Carried (j) address 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: "My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. 1 am going to leave it to you." "How will we find it?" said the sons. "You must dig the land for it," said the old man. Answer: 5. The old man ordered his sons to listen to him And said that a great treasure lay hidden in the land. He added that he was going to leave that to them. The sons asked their father how they would find that. The old man replied that they had to dig the land for that. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions in the brackets: (a) We are grateful to the freedom fighters. (Make it a negative sentence) (b) Their contribution is greater than any other thing. (Make it positive) (c) The freedom fighters who died in the liberation war are called martyrs. (Make it a compound sentence) (d) The National Memorial has been built with a view to paying tribute to their memories. (Make it a complex sentence) (e) A freedom fighter is the greatest son of the soil. (Make it a comparative sentence) (f) We got our independence for their sacrifice. (Make it a comparative sentence) (g) They fought bravely and snatched the red sun of independence. (Make it a simple sentence) (h) Though their weapons were ordinary, they had much courage in their mind. (Make it a compound sentence) (i) Their contribution will never be forgotten. (Affirmative) (j) The government has taken some steps to improve their condition. (Passive) Answer: 6.      (a) We are not ungrateful to the freedom Fighters (b) No other thing is as great as their Contribution (c) The freedom fighters died in the liberation War and they are called martyrs (d) The National Memorial has been built so That we can pay tribute to their memories (e) A freedom fighter is greater than any other Son of the soil (f) Didn't we get our independence for their Sacrifice? (g) Fighting bravely they snatched the red sun of independence. (h) Their weapons were ordinary but they had much courage in their mind. (i) Their contribution will always be remembered (j) Some steps have been taken to improve their Condition by the government 7. Complete the sentences: (a) It is said that (b) In youth the mind is so soft that —. (c) If we lose the morning hours of life—. (d) We will reap good harvest—. (e) On the other hand, if we remain lazy —. Answer: 7.      (a) It is said that youth is the golden period of Life. (b) In youth the mind is so soft that it can be shaped as you like. (c) If we lose the morning hours of life, our later Hours of life will be full of  frustration. (d) We will reap good harvest if we use the best of our youth. (e) On the other hand, if we remain lazy we will suffer in the long run. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the brackets. Life without leisure and (a) — (relax) is dull. Life becomes (b) — (charm) if one does not have any time to enjoy the (c)—(beauty) objects of nature. (d) — (monotony) work hinders the (e)—(smooth) of work. Leisure (f)— (rich) our spirit to work. Everybody knows that (g)— (work) is (h) — (harm). Leisure does not mean (i) —(idle). It gives freshness to (j) — (create) our energy. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful  (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) enriches (g) Overwork (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) recreate 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: (a) Time and tide wait for none, —? (b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, —? (c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time, —? (d) So, everybody should realize this truth, —? (e) Let's make the best use of time, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Time and tide wait for none, isn't it? (b) Unfortunately, many of us waste our time, don't we? (c) None can prosper in life without utilizing time properly, can they? (d) So, everybody should realize this truth, shouldn't they? (e) Let's make the best use of time, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: Globalization is a term (a) — is commonly used by man. (b) — it is a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world creating a borderless market. (c) — global development, we have conquered the time (dl—distance. (e)—, we can learn what is happening in the farthest corner of the world, Answer: 10. (a) which (b) In fact (c) Because of/ Due to (d) and (e) As a result 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:    why are you putting up the food in your pocket why don't you eat asked the noble man i am doing the right thing replied sheikh saadi Answer: 11. Why are you putting up the food in your pocket? Why don't you eat?" asked the noble man, "I am doing the right thing," replied Sheikh Saadi. Jashore Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1.  Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once: Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes (b) — proper division of his time and (c)— his duties accordingly. He will (d) — improve and prosper (e) — life. But if he does otherwise, he is sure (f) — suffer when it is too late. To waste time is as bad as to commit suicide. In fact, our (g) — is nothing but the sum total (h) — hours, days and years. If we waste (i) — morning hours of life, we shall have to (0— afterwards. Answer: 1. (a) maker (b) a (c) does (d) surely (e) in (f) to (g) life (h) of (i) the (j) repent 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: A great (a) — of people speak English all ova (b) — world. Some people use (c)— as a first language and some people take it as (d)— second language. Many international organizations now (e) — co English to communicate with offices in different (f) — Their advertisements published (g) — different newspapers are in English. They also want people who possess a good (h) — over English. People seeking (i) — can’t expect to get a good one (j) — knowing English. Answer: 2. (a) number (b) the (c) English (d) a © depend (f) countries (g) in (h) command (i) jobs (j) without 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (a) Addiction means strong attraction for any harmful thing. (b) Drugs are used for intoxicating and stimulating effects. (c) Drug addiction is not only a national but also a global problem. (d) Drug addiction has grasped the young generation of the country. © These drugs are taken by smoking. Or through injection. 4. Complete the following text with right form of the verbs given in the box: One day a scholar (a) — a river with a boat. Suddenly a ghastly wind (b) — to blow. The scholar (c) — with fear the boatman (d) — him if he ©— how to swim. The answer from the scholar (f)—negative. Then the boatman (g)—, “Very soon you are going to (h)—. You (i)— a lot of knowledge but it (j)—to use at this moment.” Answer: 4. (a) was crossing (b) began (c) was trembling/trembled  (d) asked © knew (f) was (g) said (h) drown (i) have (j) won’t come 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: “Why did you not go to school yesterday, Rimu?” asked the mother. “I was ill, mum.” “How are you today?” “Well,” answered the girl. “Don’t worry for me.” Answer: 5. The mother asked Rimu why she © had not gone to school the previous day. Rimu replied that she had been ill. The mother asked her © how she © was that day. The girl answered that she © was well and forbade her mother to worry for her ©. 6. Change the sentences according to directions in the brackets: (a) Strategy is the most important thing in the examination. (Comparative) (b) Any answer in the exam should not be elaborated. (Active) © When he gets the question paper, he should read it carefully. (Simple) (d) At first glance, the questions may seem difficult. (Negative) (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions to get good marks. (Complex) (f) If an examinee answers all the questions, the examiner becomes glad to see that. (Simple) (g) But it is better than not answering at all. (Positive) (h)  It is really sensible. (Exclamatory) (i) The examinee should not waste time by doing it. (Passive) (j) Without following this process, you cannot bring a good result in an examination. (Compound) Answer: 6.      (a) Strategy is more important than any other thing in the examination. (b) The examinee should not elaborate any answer in the exam. (c) Getting the question paper he should read it carefully. (d) At first glance, the questions may not seem easy. (e) A student should attempt to answer all the questions so that he may get good marks. (f) The examiner becomes glad to see an examinee answering all the questions. (g) But, not answering at all is not as good as it. (h) How sensible it is! (i) Time should not be wasted by the examinee by doing it. (j) Follow this process or you cannot bring a good result in an examination. 7. Complete the following sentences: (a)  Five years have passed since — (b) Hardly had the assembly began (c)  — lest you should miss the plane. (d)  Danger often comes— (e) The lady speaks as if—. Answer: 7. (a) Five years have passed since we met catch other. (b) Hardly had the assembly begun when reached school. (c) Hurry up lest you should miss the plane. (d) Danger often comes when danger is scared. (e) The lady speaks as if she knew everything. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: You should bear in mind that (a) -- (confidence) assists a man to reach the goal of life. The lack of (b) —(determine) leads one to lose the confidence. You need it in order to (c) — (come) the problems of life. Fix a target and then try (d) — (sincere) to gain success. Don't lose heart if you fail. Remember that (e) — (fail) is the pillar of success. Whereas, success without (1) — (compete) is not enjoyable. Determination keeps you (g) — (mental) strong and make (h) — (prepare) for struggling to reach the goal. Nobody can be (i) — (success) in his mission. Failure makes him more (j)— (determine) to work hard. Answer: 8. (a) self-confidence (b) determination (c) overcome (d) sincerely (e) failure (f) competition (g) mentally (h) prepared (i) successful (j) determined 9. Make tag question of the following statements: (a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, —? (b Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, —? (c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, —? (d) We should never neglect them, —? (e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, —? Answer: 9.      (a) The freedom fighters are the real heroes, aren't they? (b) Nothing is greater than their sacrifice, is it? (c) Their contribution for our country will always be remembered, won't it? (d) We should never neglect them, should we?" (e) Every citizen of Bangladesh must have due respect for them, mustn't they? 10. Complete the passage with suitable connectors: Trees are very important (a) — they produce oxygen (b) — is a must for man and all living beings. We must realize (c) — they help us in many ways. (d) — trees are less in number, there will be an increased amount of carbon di-oxide in the atmosphere. (e) — it will enhance greenhouse effect. Answer: 10. (a) as/ because (b) which/ that (c) that (d) If/ When (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the text below: my sons listen to me said rahman an old fanner a great treasure lies hidden in the land there i am going to leave it for you the sons asked how shall we find it Answer: 11. "My sons, listen to me," said Rahman, an old farmer. "A great treasure lies hidden in the land there. I am going to leave it for you." The sons asked, "How shall we find it?" Comilla Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks in the following text with articles (a/an/the) as necessary. Some of the blanks may not require an article. Put a cross (x) in those blanks: – (0.5 × 10 = 5) In (a) ______ last 25 years (b)______ world has lost one-third of its natural wealth, according to (c)_________ international conservation organization world wild fund. (d)__________ earth’s forest, wetlands, seas and coasts are in (e)________ worse state today than they was before. Forests are cut down. Moreover, they are being burnt indiscriminately resulting in (f)________ increase in carbon-di-oxide and ultimately in (g)_________ water level rising as a consequence of global warming. It is anticipated that (h)________ new century will face (i)_______ overwhelming environmental (j)__________ catastrophe. Answer: 1. (a) for (b) of (c) beneficial (d) between (e) saying (f) on (g) participation (h) physically (i) an (j) personality 2. Complete the text with suitable prepositions: – (0.5 × 10=5) We got our freedom (a)_______ the sacrifice of hundreds and thousands of (b)__________ lives. The patriots (c)_______ our land fought (d)________ the oppression of the West Pakistani rulers. Finally, the oppressors were bound to surrender (e)________ our freedom fighters. But a great number (f)________ the sons of the land died (g)_______ the war. Soon (h)_________ the war, the government (i)___________. Bangladesh founded the National Memorial (j)_________ memory of the martyrs. Answer: 2. (a) after (b) the (c) construction (d) after (e) over (f)  a. (g) in (h) fair (i) direction/ guidance/ supervision (j) the 3. Complete the sentences with suitable phrase/words given the box: (a) There is a foul smell in the room. ________ opening the windows? (b) Tomorrow I will be very busy. So, I’ll say goodbye now ______ I don’t see you again. (c) We ________ educate all and work hard to develop our country. (d) Nobody likes Abdul Karim at all. He talks ________ he knew everything. (e) The poor will continue to suffer ________ they are illiterate. (f) Nobody likes you here _____ you left this place. (g) He saw the bear coming towards him. SO, he climbed up a tree _____ the bear might attack him. (h) Everybody disliked Rakib. He ______ do many harmful activities. (i) Time is very important in our life. You cannot prosper in like _______ you make proper use of time. (j) The students were talking in the class _______ the teacher entered the class than they stopped talking. Answer: 3.      (i) Mount Everest is in the Himalayan Mountains. (ii) It has fascinated the climbers always. (iii) It looks exciting and challenging to them. (iv) But climbing Everest is difficult and dangerous because of snow. (v) There might be snow slides and cracks under ice. 4. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses /phrases: – (a) He studies medicine so that ______. (b) Time has its wings. It was five years since we _______. (c) The poor man knocked at my door. He came to me with a view to _________. (d) I found a box in the room. The box was too heavy for ________. (e) I went to the market yesterday. Had you requested me, I _______. (f) Do not worry about me. I ______ after I have finished my study. (g) They are very hard working. If the bank gives them a loan on easy terms, they _________. (h) Unity is strength, united we stand, _______. (i) We had to walk through a jungle. We saw a snake while we ______. (j) Everybody will go to the graveyard after death. A graveyard is a place ________. Answer: 4. (a) is called (b) is c) prepare (d) formed (e) influence (f) should (g) maintaining (h) use (i) succeed (j) be 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. English (a)_______ (be) the most widely used international language. It (b)________ (learn) to communicate with the foreigners for various purposes such as (c) _______ (maintain) cooperation, co-existence and exchanging business information. There are also certain jobs which (d)________ (require) a good functional knowledge of English. The jobs of a pilot, a postman, a telephone operator, a tour guide, a mechanic, a receptionist of an international hotel, an executive of a multinational firm etc. (e)_______ (be) a few of them. Besides, a student (f)______ (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English because the books on advanced education are mostly (g)________ (write) in English. So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can in no way, be (h)_______ (ignore). Rather, we should (i)_______ (put) high importance on (j)_________ (learn) English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. Answer: 5. The teacher asked the boy if he (b) thought that honesty is the best policy. The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative that he thought so. The teacher advised him to learn to be honest from his boyhood. The boy thanked him respectfully. The teacher wished that Allah might grant him a long life. 6. Read the text and change the sentences as directed: (a) Some essential agricultural inputs are to be ensured to increase our food production. (Make it active) (b) The farmers who are poor do not get loan on easy terms. (Make it simple) (c) What a pity! (Make it Assertive) (d) The farmers do not get the facilities necessary for food production. (Make it Complex) (e) Unfortunately, they do not get the due price of their products (Make it Compound) Answer: 6.      (a) No other man in this subcontinent was as generous as Haji Mohammad Mohsin. (b) It was Hoogly where he was born. (c) Didn't he inherit a vast property from his father and sister? (d) This wealth was not misused by him. (e) People call him a friend of humanity. (f) He was unmarried/ a bachelor (g) During his lifetime he spent money lavishly and helped the poor. (h) He was not unkind/ rude to the poor at all. (i) One night a thief broke into his room at the time of saying his prayer. (j) Though he caught the thief, he didn't punish him. 7. Change the narrative style by using indirect speeches: – “Have you saved something for the future?” said the richman. ” No,” said the cobbler. ” I am happy with the present and think little about tomorrow.” “No, that would not do,” said the richman. “I like to see you above want. Have this money and keep it.” Answer: 7.      (a) This is Bangladesh which is my motherland. (b) The people of Bangladesh are friendly though they are poor. (c) When anyone falls in danger. others come to help him. (d) We love and help one another as if we were friends. (e) We work seriously in order that Bangladesh might prosper. 8. Identify the unclear pronoun references in the following paragraph. Where necessary, rewrite the sentences so that all pronoun references are clear: – (1× 5 = 5) Traveling is a part of education. These means going from place to place. One can enhance knowledge by going from place to place. These gives one the opportunity to see the unseen and know the unknown. Some people are averse to traveling. This limits his vision. However, by traveling to different parts of the world, my knowledge can be enriched. Answer: 8. (a) useful (b) impossible (c) natural (d) strengthens (e) indiscriminately (f) imbalance (g) plantation (h) happier (i) healthier (j) peaceful 9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces: A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a)_____ (pre modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b)_______ (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c)_____ (pre modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d)______ (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) diseases. As a result, we do not get sick (e)________ (post modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g)______ (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h)______ (use a participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i)______ (post modify the adjective with an infinitive) a balanced diet. Here (j)_______ (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us. Answer: 9.      (a) Most of the students who fail in English do not have strong foundation on grammar, do they? (b) No, they read only to pass the examination, don't they? (c) Yes, teachers should motivate them to learn the basic things, shouldn't they? (d) Yes, they cannot help learning grammar, can they? (e) No, moreover, practice is essential too, isn't it? 10. Use appropriate sentence connector in the blank spaces of the following passage: Trees are a vital part of our environment (a)_______, they bear a great impact on the climate. (h)_______ we are not careful about them (c) ______ we destroy trees at random. (d)______, one day the country will bear the consequence of greenhouse effect (e)_______ ours is an agricultural country, our economy depends on it. (f)______, our agriculture is depended on rain. (g)_______, trees play a vital role on our climate. (h)_______ trees keep the soil strong. (i)_______, trees save us from flood (j)______ may other natural calamities. Answer: 10. (a) as/since/because (b) although/though (c) that (d) In fact (e) as 11. Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below: There are many (a) people who have a (b) conservative outlook. Quite (c) early in life they learn to (d) believe that everything in this (e) world was predetermined and (f)all that happen to them was ordained by God. For this belief, the poor generally accept their (g) Poverty and all their sorrows and (h) sufferings without trying much to (i) overcome them. They also have the (j) same sort of attitude towards illness and disease. (a)   people (synonym) (b) conservative (antonym) (c)early(antonym) (d)believe (synonym) (e) world (synonym) (f) all (antonym) (g) poverty (antonym) (h) sufferings (synonym) (i) overcome (synonym) (j) same (antonym) Answer: 11. "How daring you are to wake me up!" the lion roared. "I shall kill you for that." "Please, let me go", the mouse cried, "I did not mean to wake you up." 12. There are some errors in the use of punctuations marks in the following text. Re-write the text correcting those errors: – (0.5×10= Chattogram Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some words. You may need to use one word more than once: Sports are very essential (a) — us. There are various types (b) — sports. Among them cricket football, volleyball etc. are very popular. All types of sports are (c)—to us. There is a relation (d) — the body and the mind. "A sound mind in a sound boy' is a wise (e)—. In order to win success in life we should have sound health which depends (f) — regular (g) — in games and sports. Sports keep us (h) — fit. Sport exercise is (i) — important influence in forming ones (j) —. Answer: 1. (a) for (b) of (c) beneficial (d) between (e) saying 10 (f) on (g) participation (h) physically (i) an (j) personality 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: A man of (a) — is respected always (b) — after his death for his (c) —.       He is an (d) — person who devotes himself with a view to (c)— education in the society. He always (f) — people how to (g) — between right and wrong. (h)— fact, he is the authentic person (i) — the world should (j)—. Answer: 2. (a) letters (b) even (c) wisdom (d) intellectual (e) spreading in teaches (g) distinguish (h) In (i) whom (j) remember 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.        (i) Sincerity is a great virtue. (ii) A sincere man works properly. (iii) The great people are also sincere to their work. (iv) The people of our country are indifferent to his the importance of sincerity. (v) They are not aware of its importance. 4. Complete the following text with right form of the verbs given in the box below: Price hike of household’s products (a) — now a problem for us. Every day we (b) — it. Most of our people (c) — low income is in danger. They (d) — of purchasing meat and fish as they (e) —. The price of vegetables in also high. We are to bargain (f)— simple product. Many times, the buyers (g) —. There (h) — a fixed price for every time. Then it (i) — possible to make the buyers free from harassment. Government (j)—to fulfil our expectation. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) face (c) having (d) can't think (e) require (f) to buy (g) are cheated (h) should be (i) will be (j) is trying 5. Change the narrative style of the following text:  5 "How lovely the doll is! I'll buy it," said Mona. "No, it is not durable. Tomorrow we'll visit another village fair. Then you can buy another doll. Let's go now," said mother. "You must buy me a good doll," said Mona. "Yes". replied mother. Answer: 5. Mona exclaimed with wonder that the doll was very lovely. She also added that she would buy it. Mona's mother replied in the negative that it was not durable. She also added that they would visit another village fair the next day. Then they could buy another doll. She proposed that they should go then. Mona told her mother that she had to buy her a good doll. Mona's mother replied in the affirmative. 6. Change the sentences according to directions:    I x10-10 (a) Who does not want to succeed in life? (Assertive) (b) It is not an easy thing. (Affirmative) (c) Being industrious, everyone can prosper in life. (Negative) (d) The idle always lag behind. (Complex) (e) We must work hard so that we can earn money. (Simple) (f) By working hard, we can improve our lot. (Compound) (g) The light of prosperity can be seen by a hard-working person. (Active) (h) Women should work as much as men. (Comparative) (i) We should remember that industry is the key to success. (Passive) (j) An idle man leads a very miserable life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.        (a) Everybody wants to succeed in life. (b) It is a difficult thing. (c) Without being industrious. no one can prosper in life. (d) The people who are idle always lag behind. (e) We must work hard to earn money. (f) We work hard and can improve our lot. (g) A hard working person can see the light of Prosperity full (h) Women should not work less than men do. (i) That industry is the key to success should be remembered by us. (j) What a miserable life an idle man leads! 7. Complete the following sentences:         I x55 (a) He pretends as if—. (b) It is high time—. (c) Walk slowly lest—. (d) —cannot succeed. (e) Had I seen you before, —. Answer: 7. (a) He pretends as if he were a mad. (b) It is high time we went to our village. (c) Walk slowly lest you should fall down. (d) If you don't read attentively, you cannot succeed. (e) Had I seen you before. I would have informed you. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: (a) kind is a divine virtue. So, we should not be (b) kind to the people in distress and even to (c) low animals. Some naughty boys (d) beating the lower animals like dogs and cats. This is an (e) rational behavior. Animals are dumb (f) create. They are (g) harm beings. Some animals arc very (h) faith and they feel no (i) hesitate to risk their lives for our (j) protect, Answer: 8. (a) Kindness (b) unkind (c) lower (d) enjoy (e) irrational (f) creature (g) harmless (h) faithful (i) hesitation (j) protection on 9. Complete the following sentences using appropriate question tags: Sitting by the side of a river, Amin is speaking to himself. (a) Fishes can swim, —? (b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, —? (c) But, at present, the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, —? (d) So, there is scarcity of fish, —? (e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, —? Answer: 9.        (a) Fishes can swim, can't they? (b) Once our rivers abounded with fishes, didn’t they? (c) But at present the water of most of the rivers has been polluted, hasn't it? (d) So, there is scarcity of fish, isn't there? (e) We must take measures to protect the rivers from being polluted, mustn't we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable sentence connectors: Global warming is increasing day by day (a) — deforestation. We cut down trees (b) — never think of planting more trees. (c)—human and other living beings are in the threat of extinction. Time is coming (d) — there will be no tree left for us. (e) — we have to face bitter consequence of deforestation. Answer: 10. (a) because of/ on account of (b) but (c) As a result (d) when (e) As a result/ In the long run 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text:         lx5-- 5 Thomas Alva Edison a great scientist was born in 1847 in Ohio America as a little boy he was very inquisitive he always wanted to know how things were done very early in life he showed that he was full of curiosity a quality which is so important to inventors. Answer: 11. Thomas Alva Edison, a great scientist, was born in 1847 in Ohio, America. As a little boy, he was very inquisitive. He always wanted to know how things were done. Very early in life, he showed that he was full of curiosity, a quality which is so important to inventors. Sylhet Board-2017 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of the words you may need to use one word more than once:          0.5 x 10=5 Traffic jam is (a) — problem in all towns and cities (b) — Bangladesh. It occurs what a (c)— of vehicles crowd so close that (d) — becomes impossible I e) — sometime. It is more common what (f) — streets are narrow and have many bends. Weak traffic control system is also largely responsible (g) — it. It is very annoying and time killing. When caught in a traffic jam, we simply get stuck (h) — at one place. We can neither move (i) — nor backward. We have to wait and look repeatedly (j)— our watch. Answer: 1. (a) a (b) in (c) number (d) movement (e) for (f) the (g) for (h) up (i) forward (j) at 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: Trees bear a great impact (a) — the climate. If we destroy trees (h) — random, one day the country will turn (c) — a great desert. The country will bear the consequences of greenhouse (d) —. Again, there will be no rain and as a result the country will face a great crisis because ours is (e) - agricultural country and our economy is dependent on (f) —. Again, our agriculture (g) — on rain. So, trees have a (h) — effect on our climate. Trees keep the soil strong. Trees save us (i) — flood and many other natural (j) -. Answer: 2. (a) on (b) at (c) into (d) effect (e) an (f) agriculture (g) depends (h) great (i) from (j) calamities . 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: Answer: 3.      (a) Ambition means a desire to achieve something (b) Almost all of us cherish a particular ambition (c) One needs to work hard to materialize any ambition. (d) One's ambition needs to be competitive too. (e) One can never be successful in life if one sits idly. 4. Complete the following text with the right form of verbs given in the box. A walk by the riverside in the evening (a) - very useful and pleasant. One (b) — not only beautiful sight but also (c) — fresh air. It (d) — the mind when one (c) — a walk by the river-side. Bangladesh is a riverine country and you can (f) — yourself of this opportunity of (g) — by the riverside. In the cities there are parks where you can go for a walk. This will help you (h) — fit. But if you (i) — it regularly, you will not be able to (j) — the benefit. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) enjoys (c) gets (d) refreshes (e) takes (f) avail (g) walking (h) keep (i) do not do (j) reap 5. Change the narrative style of the following text. "What are you doing now, flashed?" I said. "I am watching an interesting program on television." "Aren't you wasting your time?" "No, 1 don't think so," he said "Remember, too much watching of TV makes people lazy." Answer: 5. I asked Rashed what he was doing then. Rashed said that he was watching an interesting program on television. I asked him if he was not wasting his time. Rashed replied in the negative and said that he did not think so. I told him to remember that too much watching of TV makes people lazy. 6. Change the sentences according to directions: (a) We should read books to gain knowledge. (Make it a complex sentence) (b) Books introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (Make it passive) (c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (d) If we read books, we can enrich our minds. (Make it a simple sentence) (e) Books are the greatest friends. (Make it positive) (f) They give us both knowledge and pleasure. (Make it negative) (g) As they are our real friends, they remain with us in time of danger. (Make it a compound sentence) (h) Some books are very interesting. (Make it an exclamatory sentence) (i) We can build up a developed society by reading books. (Make it a complex sentence) (j) Nothing but books can remove the darkness of ignorance. (Make it an affirmative sentence) Answer: 6.      (a) We should read books so that we can/ may gain knowledge (b) We are introduced to the realm of knowledge by books. (c) Don't the books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas? (d) By reading books we can enrich our minds. (e) No other friends are as great as books. (1) They give us not only knowledge but also pleasure. (g) They are our real friends and they remain with us in time of danger. (h) How interesting some books are! (i) If we read books, we can build up a developed society. (j) Only books can remove the darkness of ignorance. 7. Complete the sentences: (a) Cricket is a game—. (b) Boys and girls of our country—. (c) Though cricket is a costly game, —. (d) Bangladesh is a test playing country—. (e) — to upgrade the standard. Answer: 7.      (a) Cricket is a game which attracts all classes of people. (b) Boys and girls of our country are very much fond of cricket. (c) Though cricket is a costly game, it is liked by all. (d) Bangladesh is a test playing country, but its standard is not high. (e) It is essential to upgrade the standard. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the underlined words:            0.5x10 =5 Food (a) adulterate is a crime. Adulterated food is (b) poison and causes (c) curable diseases. Some (d) greed businessmen are responsible for this (e) wicked. The steps so far taken by the government against those (f) honest businessmen (g) real deserve praise. (h) present, the fraudulent businessmen are much alarmed. (i) Hopeful, we will be able to shun this (j) practice very soon. Answer: 8. (a) adulteration (b) poisonous (c) incurable (d) greedy (e) wickedness (f) dishonest (g) really (h) Presently (i) Hopefully (j) malpractice 9. Make tag questions of these following statements: (a)Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, —? (b)Yes, she's been busy cleaning and dusting the drawing room. —? (c)Yesterday her father bought ha a lovely dress, (d)And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, —? (e)Lees buy a nice gift for her, —? Answer: 9.      (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon isn't she? (b) Yes, she's been busy cleaning and dusting the drawing room, hasn't she? (c) Yesterday her father bought her a lovely dress, didn't he? (d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, doesn't she? (e) Let's buy a nice gift for her, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: None can deny the importance of tree plantation (a) — our lives on earth directly or indirectly depend on it. I (b) — it is a matter of sorrow that we are cutting down trees indiscriminately. (c) — trees are planted, soon our country will turn into desert (d) — there will be an adverse change in the climate. (e) — we should plant more and more trees for our own sake. Answer: 10. (a) because (b) But (c) Unless (d) and (e) So/Therefore 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: Why don't you attend classes regularly the teacher said to the boy you cannot expect good result unless you attend classes be regular in class

ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dhaka Board-2019 Part A: Grammar 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x10 = 5 It is (a) — that the new century is now facing various challenges especially environmental (b) —. Feeding the ever-growing population is (c) — first and foremost challenge for Bangladesh. It is very difficult to (d) — the current level of agricultural production. Because our agricultural hand is being reduced due (e) — human habitat, industrialization, river (f) — etc. Besides, we are losing our forests gradually. Trees are being cut down (g) — resulting in (h) — increase of pollution. So, it is (i) — to check the reckless alarming condition (j) — our own existence. Answer: 1. (a) anticipated (b) disaster (c) the (d) sustain (e) To (f) erosion (g) indiscriminately (h) an (i) imperative (j) for 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Once a farmer had great desire (a) — land. One day (b) — to the landlord, he wanted some land (c) — he might live in comfort. The landlord was very wise. So, he told him to have as much land as he could cover by running (d) sun-set. The farmer became very pleased (e) — that. Next morning, he started running as (f) — as he could to cover more area. He ran till evening and the sun was (g) — to set. He ran with his last strength but became very tired and fell (h) — dead. He was (i) — there. Then the wiseman remarked a man needs just as much land as will be enough (j) — his grave. Answer: 2. (a) for (b) going (c) so that (d) till (e) at (f) fast (g) About (h) down (i) buried (j) for 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3. (a) Character means mental or moral qualities of a person. (b) It also means the combination of some good Qualities. (c) It is regarded as the crown of life. (d) Character of a person is psychological or Ethical nature. (e) Everybody hates a man without character. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) — a man to shed the last drop of blood to (h) — the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) — not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) — by ‘all. He always (e) — for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f) — only for their won interest. Those who (g) — for the country are true patriots. They (h) — even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) — their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) — forever. Answer: 4. (a) inspires (b) defend (c) is (d) is honored (e) Thinks (f) think (g) die (h) are remembered (i) sacrificed (j) honored 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 What is the time by your watch?’ said an old man. I said, ‘It is half past nine.’ He said, “I want to go to your house. Will you accompany me, please? ‘No. I am sorry because I am going to school,” said I. Answer: 5. An old man asked me what the time was by my Watch. I said that it was half past nine. He told me that he wanted to go to my house. He asked me requesting if I would accompany him. I replied in the negative and expressed. Sorrow Because I was going to school. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Man is the best creation of God. (Comparative) (b) Isn’t it our responsibility to do good deeds? (Assertive) (c) Our life is not measured by months or years. (Active) (d) Honest people lead a happy life. (Complex) (e) It matters little if a man lives many years or not. (Interrogative) (f) Nobody is absolutely happy on the earth. (Affirmative) (g) So, we should not waste time in vain. (Passive) (h) If we use time properly, we can be benefited. (Simple) (i) All men must die. (Negative) (j) Though we take utmost care, we cannot avoid death. (Compound) Answer: 6.       (a) Man is better than any other creation of God. (b) It is our responsibility to do good deeds. (c) We do not measure our life by months or Years, (d) People who are honest lead a happy life. (e) Doesn't it matter little if a man lives many 4 Years or not? (f) Who is absolutely happy on the earth? (g)So, time should not be wasted by us in vain. (h) By using time properly we can be benefited. (i) There is no man but will die. /No man can Escape/avoid death. (j) We take utmost care but cannot avoid Death. 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) Where there is a will, —. (b) If a man does not work hard, (c) As the people of Bangladesh are hardworking, (d) — but now she has made a remarkable development in her G.D.P. (e) So, it is our bounden duty to —. Answer: 7.       (a) Where there is a will, there is a way. (b) If a man does not work hard, he cannot Prosper in life. (c) As the people of Bangladesh are hard Working, they are sure to be prosperous. (d) She was an underdeveloped country, but Now she had made a remarkable Development in the G.D.P. (e) So, it is our bounden duty to maintain her Economic development by hard work. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 A good student is always (a) — (mind) to his studies. He is (b) — (respect) to his (c) — (teach) and superiors. He never (d) — (honor) anybody. He is free from (e) — (behavior) and never rude to his classmates. As he is (f) — (study), he never wastes his time in vain. He is also sincere and listens to his teachers (g) — (attentive) so that he can be (h) — (success) in life. His punctuality and (I) — (determine) help him to (j) — (take) and solve any difficult work or job. Answer: 8. (a) mindful (b) respectful (c) teachers (d) Dishonors (e) misbehavior (f) studious (g) attentively (h) successful (i) determination (j) Undertake 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: -                                    1x5=5 (a) I am an SSC examinee, —? (b) My expectation is getting A+, —? (c) Some of my classmates became addicted to using mobile phones, —? (d) They could not pass the test exam, —? (e) Everybody hates them for this reason, —? Answer: 9.       (a) I am an SSC examinee, aren't I? (b) My expectation is getting A+, isn't it? (c) Some of my classmates became addicted to Using mobile phones, didn't they? (d) They could not pass the test exam, could They? (e) Everybody hates them for this reason, don't act They? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 A school magazine is a magazine (a) — is published by the school authority. It contains poems, articles, essays and jokes. The publication of it is not an easy task (b) — it needs time, energy and money. (c) —, a magazine committee is formed from the teachers and the students. The editor (d) — is selected or elected by the committee members invites writings. (e) — good writings are selected for printing. Answer: 10. (a) that/which (b) because (c) Usually (d) who (e) Then 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 have you heard the name of alexander asked mr ahmed no sir razu replied how strange it is said he will you tell me about alexander please well he was the great king of macedonia. Answer: 11. "Have you heard the name of Alexander?" asked Mr. Ahmed. "No, sir." Razo replied. "How strange it is!" said he? "Will you tell me about Alexander? Please?" "Well, he was the great king of Macedonia." Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, a Computer Programmer will be appointed in the National ICT Research Centre, Dhaka. You are very interested for the post. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the same. 8 13. Imagine, you are Tanirn/Tanima, an inhabitant of the village Palpara of Sujatpur Union under Rupganj Upazila of Bhola district. Now, write an application to the Deputy Commissioner asking for relief goods for the flood affected people of your village. 10 I 4. Write a paragraph on Your Visit to a Book Fair’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Your Aim in Life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Rajshahi Board 2019 Part A Grammar 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 Road accidents have (a) — become a regular phenomenon in our country. As a result of the accidents many persons fall (b) to untimely death. It is reported (c) — most of the accidents occur for (d) — violation of traffic rules, (e)— unskilled drivers and unconscious passers-by. Many unlicensed and (f) — vehicles also (g) — the passengers and the passers-by. So, in order to save us from the accidents the government is trying to create (h)— among the people and has passed (i) —laws against the (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) recently (b) victim (c) that (d) the (e) by my (f) faulty (g) endanger (h) awareness (i) strict (j) accused 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Housing is one of the greatest (a) — in our country. Thousands of people in big ( b) — like Dhaka and Chattogram (c) — in the footpaths. In rural (d) — there is also an acute (e) — of housing. The cost of construction is (f) — day by day. At present, it is very (g) — for the (h) — people to (i) — the cost of construction. So, this problem (j) — to be solved soon. Answer: 2. (a) problems (b) cities (c) live (d) areas (e) crisis (f) increasing (g) difficult (h) poor (i) meet (j) has own 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Cricket has a great appeal among the people all over the world. of (b) But it is a costly game. (c) Recently, it has become popular in our country. (d) Its popularity surpasses that of football. (e) Now, rural youths are also seen playing cricket. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 In an educational institution teacher-student relationship is (a) — to be the most important matter. It is such a relationship that is (b) — on the basis of mutual (c) A. student always (d) — to his teachers because he cannot but (e) —help from them in case of (f)— knowledge. The sensible students never (g) their teachers. Moreover, they (h) — their memorable teachers' role which helps them (i) — in life. So, they always (j) — their teachers. Answer: 4. (a) considered (b) formed (c) understanding (d) owes (e) take (i) acquiring (g) forget (h) admit (i) succeed (j) respect 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The students said "We want to celebrate the victory of the National Debate Competition". The headmaster said, "Why?" The students said, "We want to make it memorable in our life". The Headmaster said, "Don't worry. 1 shall take all necessary steps to arrange the function." Answer: 5. The students told their Headmaster that they Wanted to celebrate the victory of the National Debate Competition. The Headmaster wanted to know the reason of such celebration. The students said that they wanted to make it memorable in their life. The Headmaster told them not to worry. He added that he would take all necessary steps to arrange the function. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Patriotism is a noble virtue. (Interrogative) (b) It is the greatest of all virtues in a man's life. (Comparative) (c) It persuades a man to do everything just, (Negative) (d) This quality highly motivates a man so that he can sacrifice his life for the country. (Simple) (e)  What an outstanding quality it is! (Assertive) (f) A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex) (g) A patriot fears none but the creator. (Affirmative) (h) By paying taxes he obeys the law. (Compound) (i) He is respected by all. (Active) (j) So, we should be patriots. (Imperative) Answer: 6.      (a) isn’t patriotism a noble virtue? (b) It is greater than all other virtues in a man's Life. (c) It does not persuade a man to do everything Unjust. (d) This quality highly motivates a man to Sacrifice his life for the country. (e) It is a very outstanding quality. (f) A man who has/ possesses patriotic zeal is Called a patriot. (g)A patriot fears only the Creator. (h) He pays taxes and obeys the law. (I) All respect him. (j)So, let us be patriots us on 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) We should keep in mind that ___. (b) If we are not healthy, ___. (c) We must eat a balanced diet so that ___. (d) We should wear socks and shoes when ___. (e) Nobody likes a man who ___. Answer: 7.      (a) We should keep in mind that health is Wealth. (b) If we are healthy, we can live a happy life. (c) We must eat a balanced diet so that we may Be physically fit. (d) We should wear socks and shoes when we Go out. (e) Nobody likes a man who is unhealthy. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Bangladesh is a (a)-(river) and (b)- (agriculture) country. So, we cannot ignore the (c)-(important) of rivers. Our agriculture is largely (depend) on the rivers. But we get (e) (sufficient) water for use from the rivers There are (f)-(differ) reasons behind it at first, the water of many rivers (g)- (dry) up in summer. Again, the water of some rivers is (h)-(extreme) poisonous. This poisonous water is (i)-(suit) for our agriculture. So, water pollution should be prevented at any cost for the ()-(better) of our agriculture. Answer: 8. (a) riverine (b) agricultural (c) importance (d) Dependent (e) insufficient (f) in different (g) dries (h) Extremely (i) unsuitable (j) betterment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Cutting trees is not good for us, -? (b) Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, -? (c) We can hardly live without them, -? (d) They are our best friends, -? (e) Let's plant trees more and more, -? Answer: 9.      (a) Cutting trees is not good for us, isn’t it? (b) Because, trees supply us oxygen, fruits and Wood, don't they? (c) We can hardly live without them, can we? (d) They are our best friends, aren't they? (e) Let's plant trees more and more, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 The whole world has turned into a global village (a)- the improvement of information technology. Now we can know (b) is happening on the other corner of the world sitting at home. One culture is coming in touch with another. The poor culture is receiving quickly the elements (c)- are in rich culture. (d) — technology transforms culture and develops it. (e)-we have to prevent the infiltration of bad culture of another society to our own culture. Answer: 10. (a) as a result (b) what (c) which/that (d) Moreover (e) But 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 go to bed now mother said you can complete your assignment in the morning no mom ill finish it now Answer: 11. "Go to bed now," mother said, "You can complete Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, some computer operators will be appointed in Prime Bank. You, Habib/Habiba, are interested to be a computer operator. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 13. Imagine, you are, Arif/Arifa, a student of Motijheel High School: Dhaka. Recently, your father has been 8 transferred from Dhaka to Cumilla. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of you school for a transfer certificate. I 4. Write a paragraph on “A School Magazine”. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in Everyday Life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Dinajpur Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 Internet is the latest discovery of science. It is the greatest (a) — in this field. It is a computerized process (b) —a telephone set. To get internet (c) — it requires a modem, telephone line and a different sort of software for using the (d) — system. Nowadays the internet is (e) — great use to us. It has made the world (f) — and brought the world (g) — our reach. We can get any information in a very (h) — time. It has not only widened our knowledge but also made us (i) — for the unknown. It's a (j) — like Aladdin’s magic lamp. Answer: 1. (a) advancement (b) with (c) connection (d) Network (e) of (f) smaller (g) within (h) short (i) Thirsty (j) miracle 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Scientists have recently reported that (a) — surface ice caps are (b) —. This is due to a rise (c) — atmospheric temperature known (d) — the greenhouse effect. According to the scientist carbon dioxide is primarily responsible (e) — temperature rise in (f) —. The carbon dioxide is high when coal and oil (g) — burnt. The gas is  accumulating (h) — the atmosphere and causing the temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice in the North and South poles (i)— melting. We should maintain the ecological (j)— of the environment. Answer: 2. (a) the (b) me lung (c) in (d) as (e) for (f) Atmosphere (g) are (h) in (i) is (j) balance 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Integrity is an uncommon quality of human Beings, (b) A man of integrity is a man of great courage, (c) He upholds his honesty and truthfulness Even at the cost of his life. (d) He never thinks to tell a lie or do any Dishonest deed. (e) Those who possess this quality are Considered super human beings. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Adult allowance (a) — a noble program initiated by the present government. In most of the developed countries of the world this kind of program is (b) — by the government. The government should pursue that their old age is (c) — and comfortable. But in our country the adult is (d) — on their own sons or daughters. The adult loses the ability to work and (e) — at this age. They (f) — offensively by their own issues. They have to (g) — their days depending on others. The allowance should be (h) — and the true needy (i) — to have this allowance. It is expected that the local leaders (j) — their duty impartially to select the right person for this purpose. Answer: 4. (a) is (b) taken (c) secured (d) dependent (e) earn (f) Are treated (g) pass (h) Increased (i) are allowed (j) will do 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 "Please give me your English Grammar and Composition Book." said Sara. "I cannot give it." said Niha. "I have to take it with me in the class." "1 shall return the book before the class starts." said Sara. "Take it." said Niha. "Thank You," said Sara. Answer: 5. Sara requested Nihau to give her (N) English Grammar and Composition Book. Nihau said that she (N) could not give it. She (N) again said that she had to take it with her in the class. Sara told her (N) that she (S) would return the book before the class started. Nihau told her(s) to take it. Sara Thanked her (N). 6. Change the sentences according to directions.                                                 1 x 10=10 (a)Facebook is a common social network. (Make it a negative sentence) (b)Now, it is being used all over the world. (Make it an active voice) (c)Everybody uses it. (Make it an interrogative sentence) (d)There is no student without smart phone. (Make it an affirmative sentence) (e)Who does not like social network'? (Make it an assertive sentence) (f)A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex) (g)A patriot fears none but the creator. (Affirmative) (h)By paying taxes he obeys the law. (Compound) (i)He is respected by all. (Active) (j)So, we should be patriots. (Imperative) Answer: 6.      (a) Facebook is not an uncommon social Network. (b) Now, people all over the world are using It. /Now, people are using it all over, the World. (c) Who doesn't use it? / Doesn't everybody use It? (d) Every student is with smart phone. (e) Everybody likes social networks. (f) No other social networks are as good as Facebook (g) In spite of its giving pleasure, we cannot get May Freedom to use it. (h) If you do not use it, you cannot keep pace us with the modern world. (i) We use it and can get many new Information. (j) I wish I could open a Facebook account. 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) We should keep in mind that —. (b) If we are not healthy, (c)we must eat a balanced diet so that— (d)We should wear socks and shoes when —. (e)Nobody likes a man who —. Answer: 7.     (a) Leisure means the time when we do not Have any work to do. (b) As we live in a materialistic world, we are Always busy with our work. (c) But, it should be kept in mind that life Becomes dull and unpleasant without Leisure. (d) if a man does not take rest after a work, life Becomes boring to him (e) So. We should take rest so that we can enjoy Our life to the full. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Bangladesh is a (a) — (river) and (b) — (agriculture) country. So, we cannot ignore the (c)— (important) of rivers. Our agriculture is largely (d) — (depend) on the rivets. But we get (e) — (sufficient) water for use from the rivers. There are (f) — (differ) reasons behind it. At first, the water of many rivers (g) — (dry) up in summer. Again, the water of some rivers is (h)—(extreme) poisonous. This poisonous water is (i) — (suit) for our agriculture. So, water pollution should be prevented at any cost for the (j) — (better) of our agriculture. Answer: 8. (a) resourceful (b) information (c) teachers (d) Reference (e) studying (f) situation (g) completely (h) relationship (i) teacher (j) popularity 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a)Cutting trees is not good for us, —? (b)Because trees supply us oxygen, fruits and wood, —? (c)We can hardly live without them, —? (d)They are our best friends, —? (e)Let's plant trees more and more, —? Answer: 9.      (a) everybody is free now, aren't they? (b) He along with his friends will pay a visit to Sleet, won't he? (c) But, Salam has little interest about it, has He? (d) He as well as his parents visited Sleet last Year, didn't he? (e) As they visited many interesting places, they and could enjoy a lot, couldn't they? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 The whole world has turned into a global village (a) — the improvement of information technology. Now we can know (b) — is happening on the other corner of the world sitting at home. One culture is coming in touch with another. The poor culture is receiving quickly the elements (c) — are in rich culture. (d) — technology transforms culture and develops it. (e) — we have to prevent the infiltration of bad culture of another society to our own culture. Answer: 10. (a) as (b) but (c) as well as (d) But (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 go to bed now mother said you can complete your assignment in the morning no mom ill finish it now Answer: 11. "Stop. You are eating all our bread," shouted the two rats. "I'm doing my best, but I have told you that it's difficult," said the Monkey. "Give us that NY Little piece," said the rats. "This is my piece. Haven't I labored a lot for you?" replied the Monkey. "How foolish we are believing you!" said the two rats? See Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, some computer operators will be appointed in Prime Bank. You, Habib/Habiba, are interested to be a computer operator. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 8 13. Imagine, you are, Arif/Arifa, a student of Motijheel High School; Dhaka. Recently, your father has been transferred from Dhaka to Cumilla. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of you school for a transfer certificate. 10 I 4. Write a paragraph on “A School Magazine”. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in everyday life”. 12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Jashore Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 A hospital is the home for (a) — sick. It gives medical (b) — to them at free (c) — cost. A hospital is (d) —run by the government. A hospital has outdoor (e) — indoor sections. (f) — great number of the (g) — people are treated in (h)— outdoor section. People attacked (i)— serious illness are admitted (j) —the indoor section. Answer: 1. (a) the (b) treatment (c) of (d) generally (e) and (f) A (g) sick (h) the (i) by (j) to 2. (a) role (b) time (c) till (d) language (e) express (f) send/transmit (g) and any (h) always (i) an (j) what 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Language plays a very important (a) — in the life of human beings. We use language from the (b) — we wake up in the morning (c) — we go to bed at night. We use (d) — for different purposes. We use language to (e) —our ideas, thoughts and feelings, to (0 —our message or to pass (g) — information to others. In short, language is (h) — present in our activities. It is (i) — inseparable part of (j) — we are, what we do and believe. Answer: 2.        (a) Unemployment is a curse. (b) It weakens the body and mind of our young Population. (c) There are more people in our country than Jobs. (d) Educated youth remain idle after completing their studies. (e) They should not depend on the government to provide them with jobs On. 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 4. (a) memorizing (b) make (c) prepared (d) exercise (e) Thinking on develop (g) command (h) do (i) Claim (j) help 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Most of the students of our country arc expert in (a) — answers. They do not (b) — notes themselves. They get them (c) — by their tutors. Their tutors (d) — their brain for the students. So, the (e) — power of the students does not (f) ____.  They do not have any (g) — on their language. They, of course, (h) — well in the examination. But for this, they can (i)—no credit of their own. This result does not (j)—them in their later life. Answer: 4. (a) memorizing (b) make (c) prepared (d) exercise (e) Thinking on develop (g) command (h) do (i) Claim (j) help 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The teacher said to the boy, "why are you disturbing the class in this way? Don't you know that it is an important class? Get out of the room and don't come back today." "Excuse me, sir," said the boy. "I'll never disturb in the class," he promised. Answer: 5. The teacher asked the boy why he (b) was Disturbing the class in that way. He (t) again asked him (b) if he (b) didn't know that it was an important class. Then he (t) ordered him (b) to get out of the room and not to come back that day. The boy begged pardon respectfully and promised that he (b) would never disturb in the class. 6. Change the sentences according to directions.                                                 1 x 10=10 (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world. (Exclamatory) (b) At present, it is increasing alarmingly. (Interrogative) (c) Nothing is as disastrous as terrorism. (Comparative) (d) It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world. (Positive (e) A terrorist is hated by people. (Active) (f) Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive) (g) Though there are laws to punish the terrorists, they are not properly applied. (Compound) (h) By applying the law properly, we can get rid of terrorism. (Complex) (i) What a miserable life a terrorist lead! (Assertive) (j) They should be brought to book. (Active) Answer: 6.      (a) what a phenomenon of the modern world Terrorism is! (b) Isn't it increasing alarmingly at present? (c) Terrorism is more disastrous than anything. (d) Very few problems of the modern world are So/as corrosive as it. (e) People hate a terrorist. (f) Everybody is now in the threat of violence. (g) There are laws to punish the terrorists but, They are not properly implied. (h) If the government applies the law properly, We can get rid of terrorism. (i) a terrorist leads a very miserable life. (j) The government should bring them to book, 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) The mango is a fruit which—. (b) It is so delicious that—. (c) Rajshahi is the place where —. (d) If you visit Rajshahi, Bogura and Dinajpur —. (e) People of these areas produce a huge number of mangoes and —. Answer: 7.      (a) the mango is a fruit which grows almost all Over Bangladesh. (b) It is so delicious that people are fond of Tasting it. (c) Rajshahi is the place where the best variety of mangoes grow. (d) If you visit Rajshahi, Bogor and Diaper, You will certainly taste the best variety of Mangoes. (e) People of this area produce a huge amount of mangoes and earn a lot of money. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Life without leisure and (a) — (relax) is dull. Nobody can work without rest. Life becomes (b) — (charm) if man does not have any time to enjoy (c) — (beauty) objects of nature. (d) — (monotony) work hinders the (e) — (smooth) of work. Leisure (f) — (new) our spirit of work. Everybody knows that (g) — (work) is (h) —(harm). Leisure does not mean (i)—(idle). It gives (j)—(fresh) to our mind. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) renews (g) over Work (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) freshness 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) You had better drink cold water, —? (b) The father rose in him at this sight, —? (c) Thank you very much, —? (d) He as well as his brother came here, —? (e) Let us go home, —? Answer: 9.     (a) you had better drink cold water, hadn't you? (b) The father rose in him at this sight, didn't It? (c) Thank you very much, don't me? (d) He as well as his brother came here, didn't (e) Let us go home, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. (a) — it is a simple exercise; it is good for health (b) —mentality. (c) —, the morning air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. Morning walk is such an exercise which costs nothing (d)—gives more. (e)—we should make a habit of morning walk. Answer: 10. (a) Though/Although (b) and (c) Moreover (d) but (e) Therefore/So 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 Zaman can you tell me what i am teaching the teacher asked i m sorry sir i can't follow replied zaman you can't because you are not attentive the teacher said Answer: 11.”Zaman, can you tell me what I am teaching? The teacher asked, “I am sorry, Sir, I could follow,” replied seaman. “You can’t because you are not attentive, “the teacher said. Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Salim/Salina and you are looking for a job. You want to apply for a job of a teacher in school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.                    8 13. Suppose, you are Arif/Arifa, a student of Kushtia Zilla School. You are interested learning debate. But there is no Debating Club in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school for opening a Debating Club in your school campus. 14. Write a paragraph on "Our National Flag".                                                                                          10 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student".                                                         12 ENGLISH TEST PAPER(SSC) Comilla Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Bangladesh Is beset (a) — many problems. Illiteracy is one of them. It is not a (b) — to us. It is undoubtedly (c) — curse. It (d) — all kinds of developments of a country. It also causes many other problems (e) — our society. As most of our people are not conscious (f) — the importance of education, we cannot take proper step to (g) — illiteracy. As a result, we are (h) — behind. We have to depend on the foreign aids. All of us should come forward (i) — to remove illiteracy from the society. Then the (j) — of the country will be possible. Answer: 1. (a) with (b) boon (c)a (d) hinders (e) in (f) of (g)Eradicate (h) lagging (i) jointly (j) development 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Reading textbook is essential (a) — all the students. A student cannot expect (b) — make a good result until he or she reads text books. In the text books all the topics are designed as per students’ grade that ensures (c) — complete sense. In case (d) — not reading those texts a student will miss(e) — needed for him or her. Moreover, text books are (f) — and edited by highly experienced educationists. Some students ignore (g) — read text book rather they prefer guide books. But merely (h) — guide books keeps the students ignoble of the subject-matter as they are written focusing on exam result. (i) — a text book covers all the details for holistic flourishment (j) — a student. Answer: 2. (a) for (b) to (c) a (d) of (e) Information (f) written (g) to (h) reading (i) However (j) of 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Discipline means cans obedience to some sort of rules and regulations. (b) It must be a very important roar in human (c) It aims at maintaining sail harmony. Order and the like. (d) It means not to deny individual freedom (e) The absence of discipline is chaos and Disorder in the society 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Love for one's own country (a) — as patriotism. Everyone 'should (b) — a great love for his country. Many of our freedom-fighters (c) —their lives in 1971 for the sake of our country. The countrymen (d) — them forever. Some people arc (e) — persistently for the development of the country. They are also patriots. Everybody (f) — a patriot. When any natural calamity (g) —in the country, a patriot (h) — by the affected people. We (i) — the footprint of the patriots. We should refrain from (j) — any crime that is harmful for our country. Answer: 4. (a) is known to (b) have (c) sacrificed (d) will Remember (e) working (f) respects (g) occurs (h) Stands (i) should follow (j) committing 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - "Good morning Rupa," said Sohel, "How much preparation have you taken for the upcoming SSC Exam?" "A great preparation" replied she. "I hope, I shall get 90+ marks in every subject." "How confident you are!" said Sohel. Answer: 5. Sahel wished Rapa good morning. He's asked Rapa how much preparation she had taken for the upcoming SSC Exam Rapa replied that she had taken a great preparation. Rapa added that she hoped she should get 904 marks in every subject Sahel exclaimed with surprise that she Was very confident. 6. Change the sentences according to directions. (a) Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. (Positive) (b) Computer is a blessing on earth. (Negative) (c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides. (Simple) (d) Computers 'are now-a-days being used in almost every sphere of life. (Active) (e) We cannot but depend on it. (Affirmative) (f) No one can deny its necessity. (Interrogative) (g) It is the most used device in our life. (Comparative) (h) It helps us a lot. (Passive) (i) Because of its usefulness, it has become very popular. (Compound) (j) Without computer, we cannot imagine our modern life. (Complex) 7. Complete the sentences: - (a)Books are our best friends because —. (b)A man who reads books regularly, —. (c)By reading books —. (d)We can learn moral values if —. (e)We should inspire the students so that —. Avswr: 6.       (a) Very few inventions of modem science are as Great as computer, (b) Computer is not a curse on earth. (c) In spite of its being a blessing, it has dark Sides. (d) Nowadays, people are using computers in Almost every sphere of life. Fell (e) We must depend on it. (f) Who can deny its necessity? It is more used than any other device in our (h) We are helped a lot by it. (i)It is very useful and so it has become very popular. (j) It is computer without which we cannot Imagine our modern life. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Success in life depends on the proper (a) — (utilize) of time. Those who waste their (b) — (value) time in (c) — (idle), reduce the time of their important work. (d) — (punctual) is another great virtue of human beings that (e) — (rich) the (f) — (man) life. If one takes lesson from the (g) — (biography) of successful persons. One will learn that they never keep any work (h) — (do) for the next day. (i) — (obvious). They were true to their words. So, they got a (j) — (respect) position in the society. Answer: 8. (a) utilization (b) valuable (c) idleness (d) Punctuality (e) enriches to (f) human (g) autobiography the(h) undone (i) obviously (j) Respectable 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Sincerity is a great virtue. A sincere man always succeeds in life, —? (b) The people who are insincere can hardly succeed, —? (c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, —? (d) Every student should be sincere to shine in life, —? (e) Let’s be sincere in your life, —? Answer: 9.     (a) A sincere man always succeeds in life, doesn’t he? (b) The people who are insincere can hardly sauced, Can they? (c) Nobody is as successful as a sincere man, Are they? (d) Every student should be sincere to shine in Life, shouldn't they? (c) Let's be sincere in our life, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Morning walk is a good habit for all classes of people. (a) — it is a simple exercise; it is good for health (b) —mentality. (c) —, the morning air is fresh and free from any kind of noise and pollution. Morning walk is such an exercise which costs nothing (d)—gives more. (e)—we should make a habit of morning walk. Answer: 10. (a) Though (b) and (c) As (d) but (e) so 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 why are you late always try to attend the class regularly yes sir the student said to the teacher Answer: 11." Why are you late? Always try to attend the class Regularly." "Yes, sir," the student said to the teacher Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Fahim/Fahima. You have passed HSC Exam. You have seen a vacancy that Cantonment Public School and College, Chattogram is going to recruit a computer operator. You want to do the job. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 8 13. Imagine, you are Sajid/Sajida, a student of class nine of Chattgoram Public School. You know, debating is useful for all students now a days. But there is no debating club in your school. Now, write an application to the Headmaster of your school on behalf of the students for opening a debating club. 14. Write a paragraph on "Our National Flag". 15. Write a composition on "Duties of a Student" Chattogram Board 2019 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b) — objects. Natural (c) — are stones, trees, air and (d) —. Man-made objects are houses, cars, (e) — and chemicals. Natural (f) — are cyclones. earthquakes, volcanoes, storms and ocean (g) Life exists (h) — different conditions. It is very (i) — to keep (j) —environment clean. Answer: 1. (a) full (b) made (c) objects (d) water (e) clothes (f) Forces (g) currents (h) on (i) important (j) the 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Road accident is (a) — regular phenomenon in Bangladesh. Many people die (b) — road accidents every year. So, it is considered a (c)—. Road accidents occur for (d)— reasons. Many factors are (e)—for road accidents. The most common cause is (f) — driving. Sometimes they drive night coach (g) — on the same day. The drivers do not check the engines (h) — before they start driving. The roads are two-lane roads (i) — any dividers. These are some of the (j) — reasons of road accidents in Bangladesh. Answer: 2. (a) a (b) by (c) disaster (d) many (e) responsible (f) Reckless (g) even (h) carefully (i) without (j) Major/ main 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) the national flag is the symbol of Independence and sovereignty of a nation. (b) Every independent country of the world has its wore flag. (c) Hence, to every nation its flag is dearer than any other thing. (d) We need to safeguard its prestige. (e) For that we need to have patriotic feelings. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 One day Mina and her parrot, Mithu (a) — a tall tree to pick a mango. She (b) — mango and (c) — it to her mother. Although Mina had picked the mango, her mother (d)—the largest share of the fruit to Raju. Mina (e) — very disappointed. At dinner Mina (0 —that Raju as usual (g)—an egg but she (h) — not. Mithu was not pleased to see that. Mother (i)—to see if the children (j)— their hands before they started eating. Answer: 4. (a) climbed (b) picked (c) took (d) gave (e) felt (f) Noticed (g) got (h) did (i) wanted (j) had washed 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 Rina said to Karim, "How are you? I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?" "I went to the book fair." said Karim. "I had to maintain our school's stall." Answer: 5. Rima asked Karim how he was. She then said to Him that she had gone to his house the previous day, but had not found him. She again asked him where he had gone. Karim replied that he had gone to the book fair and added that he had to maintain their school's stall. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was a kind man. (Negative) (b) He did not marry. (Affirmative) (c) He loved the people cordially. (Passive) (d) He never thought of his own happiness. (Interrogative) (e) He led a very simple life. (Exclamatory) (f) He always helped the needy. (Complex) (g) He contributed much money for education to educate the poor students. (Complex) (h) Though he had a vast wealth, he didn't spend for his own. (Compound) (i) Who does not know his kindness? (Assertive) (j) He was one of the greatest kind men of the world. (Positive) Answer: 6.      (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsen was not an Unkind/ a cruel man. (b) He was unmarried. (c) The people were loved cordially by him. (d) Did he ever think of his own happiness? (e) What a simple life he led! (f) He always helped those who were needy. / It Is he who always helped the needy? (g) He contributed much money for education So that he could educate the poor students. (h) He had a vast wealth but he didn't spend for His own. (i) everybody knows his kindness. (j) Very few kind men in the world were so Great as he. . 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a) Walk fast lest —. (b) It is high time—. (c) The man was so weak —. (d) A stitch in time—. (e) As he was meritorious, —. Answer: 7.     (a) Walk fast lest you should miss the class. (b) It is high time you practiced speaking English. (c) The man was so weak that he could not even Move. (d) A stitch in time saves nine. (e) As he was meritorious, he did well in the Quiz programmer. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Load shedding is not (a) — (desire). It is harmful to the (b) — (civil). It makes our life (c) — (tolerable) and boring. Because of (d) — (deficient) of electricity load-shedding. Our country is densely (e) — (people). The storage of electricity is (0— (sufficient) to provide electricity with all. As a result, Load shedding is seen (g)—(repeat). But this problem must be removed (h) — (immediate). So, the (i) — (govern) must be conscious of it. Only pragmatic steps can (j) — (move) this serious problem from the country. Answer: 8. (a) desirable (b) civilization (c) intolerable (d) Deficiency (e) populated (f)  insufficient (g) repeatedly (h) immediately (i) government (j) remove 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) There is little water in this pond, —? (b) Nobody respects a dishonest man, —? (c) Let's enjoy a picnic, —? (d) What a pity, —? (e) Don't disturb me, —?Answer: 9.     (a) there is little water in this pond, is there? (b) Nobody respects a dishonest man, do they? (c) Let's enjoy a picnic, shall we? (d) What a pity, isn't it? (e) Don't disturb me, will you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Many schools have a uniform (a) — there are arguments for and against. One argument is what to put on. (b) —pupils were allowed to wear clothes according to their own choice. (c) — some clothes may not be suitable for schools. (d) — some of the students cannot afford to buy it. (e) — wearing a school dress does not allow in every school. Answer: 10. (a) but/ though (b) Earlier (c) Besides (d) Even(c) However 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 do you know me yes i know you from my childhood whets your name my name is sumon thank you a lot said mr jamal. Answer: 11. "Do you know me?" "Yes, I know you from my Childhood." What's your name?" "My name is Summon." "Thank you a lot," said Mr. Jamal. Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Rana/Rina and you have a degree from Dhaka University. You have seen a vacancy ad for the post of an English Teacher in a famous school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.   8 13. Suppose, you are a student of Khulna Zilla School, Khulna. You need a computer club. Now, write an application to the Headmaster for setting up a computer club. 14. Write a paragraph on Your Visit to a Book Fair’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Your Aim in Life”. 12 Sylhet Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The issue of food (a) — has drawn the attention (b) — general people. We (c) — find any food in our country. (d) — is not adulterated in one way (e) — other. (f) — present, sub-standard foods are sold in most of (g) —hotels. Very recently government has directed a mobile court to look (h) — the matter of food. They are catching dishonest hoteliers red-handed (i)—using unhygienic ingredients (j)—are really harmful for human body. Answer: 1. (a) adulteration (b) of (c) hardly (d) which (e) or (f)  At (g) the (h) into (i) for (j) which 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 A true friend is (a) — asset. He stands (b) — his friends in time (c) — danger. He is not (d) — greedy person. He (e) — wishes for the welfare of (I) — friend. But it is a matter (g) — regret that a true friend is very (h) —today. A selfish man cannot be (i) — friend. He always thinks of his (j)— interest. Answer: 2. (a) an (b) by (c) of (d) a (e) always (I his (g) of (h) Rare (i) true (j) own 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Newspaper has a great educative value. (b) It shows the outside world like a mirror. (c) Man is curious by nature. (d) He wants to know various things of the World. (e) Newspaper is one of the best media to satisfy His curiosity 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 At present Bangladesh (a) — unemployment problem. This problem already (b) — an alarming dimension. The government (c) — to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) — without (e) — the unemployed skillful. So, education (1) — a must. It (g) — a man to get a job. Job does not mean (h) — official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) —oneself in economic activities. The government is giving financial help and training to the educated youths with a view to (j) — them self-reliant. Answer: 4. (a) is facing (b) has created (c) is trying (d) solved (e) Making (f) is (g) helps (h) doing (i) engaging (j) Making 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 The stranger said to the boy, "Can you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?" "Yes, sir, I can. Do you want a residential one in which you can spend the night?" said the boy. "I do not want to stay there but I only want a meal," replied the man. "Paradise Garden will be better for you," said the boy. Answer: 5. The stranger asked the boy if he (b) could tell Him (s) the way to the nearest hotel. The boy replied in the affirmative and said that he (b) could tell him (s). Then the boy asked him (s) is he (s) wanted a residential one in which he (s) could spend the night. The stranger replied that he (s) did not want to stay there but he (s) only wanted a meal. The boy then told him that Paradise Garden would be better for him (s). 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a)    Corruption is one of the worst evils. (Positive) (b)   A corrupted man can do anything against morality. (Complex) (c)    People hate a corrupted man. (Passive) (d)   Nobody respects him. (Interrogative) (e)    The man who takes bribe is next to devil. (Simple) (f)    Though we have strict law, we are still affected by this evil. (Compound) (g)   No other person is as hated as a corrupted man. (Superlative) (h)   We hope that Bangladesh will be free from this evil. (Simple) (i)     Everybody avoids a corrupted man. (Negative) (j)     A corrupted man leads a very unhappy life. (Exclamatory) Answer: 6.      (a) Very few evils are as bad as corruption. (b) A man who is corrupted can do anything Against morality. / A corrupted man can do Anything which goes against morality. (c) A corrupted man is hated by people. (d) Who respects him? /Does anybody respect Him? (e) The man taking bribe is next to devil. (f) We have strict law but we are still affected By this evil. (g) A corrupted man is the most hated person. (h) We hope Bangladesh to be free from this Evil. (i) "There is nobody but avoids a corrupted Man. (j) What an unhappy life a corrupted man Leads! 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a)  Acid rain is harmful because—. (b)  The wind was so strong that —. (c)  Had he been a little careful —. (d)  They were frightened when—. (e)  Take your umbrella lest—. Answer: 7.     (a) Acid rain is harmful because it contains Harmful substances. (b) The wind was so strong that it had blown Away many houses and uprooted many Trees. (c) Had he been a little careful, he would not Have met the accident. (d) They were frightened when they saw the Bear coming. (e) Take your umbrella lest you should be Drenched in rain. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Those who lead a (a) — (luxury) life are always (b) — (different) to the miseries of the poor. They Page no: enjoy life in (c) — (amuse) and (d) — (merry). They are (e) — (centered) people. They have little (0— (realize) of the (g) — (bounded) suffering so the poor. They remain in different to their (h) — (suffer). They feel (i) — (comfort) to work for their (j) — (better). Answer: 8. (a) luxurious (b) indifferent (c) amusement (d) Merriment (e) self-centered in realization (g) unbounded (h) sufferings (i) uncomfortable/Discomfort (j) betterment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) Telling lies is a great sin, —? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, —? (c) None believes a liar, —? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, —? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, —? Answer: 9.        (a) Telling lies is a great sin, isn't it? (b) One lie begets hundred lies, doesn't it? (c) None believes a liar, do they? (d) He has to lead a miserable life, hasn't he? (e) So, all of us ought to refrain from telling lies, oughtn’t we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Honesty is a divine virtue. The man (a) — possesses this quality is the happiest person in the world. To be honest, a man should have trustworthiness. (b)— nobody trusts a liar. (c) —, Allah helps the honest people. (d) — children should be taught honesty from the very beginning of life. (e) — they should be taught discipline too. Answer: 10. (a) who (b) Because (c) Even (d) So (e) Moreover 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 who are jolly those who have sound health are jolly sound mind lies in sound body minds become jolly when our life is filled with pleasure Answer: 11. Who are jolly? Those who have sound health are Jolly. Sound mind lies in sound body. Minds become jolly when our life is filled Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are Farhan/Farhana. Your home district is Kurigram. You have recently passed SSC from Dinajpur Board. You have found a job advertisement in a national newspaper that there is a vacancy post for the position of a salesman in a manufacturing company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page.   8 13. Suppose, you are Samir/Samira. You read in Jhalakathi Govt. High School. The students of your class want to go on a study tour. So you need permission of the Head teacher. Now, write an application to the Head teacher of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph on ‘The Life of a Farmer’. 10 15. Write a composition on “Science in Everyday Life”. 12 Barishal Board 2019 Part A: Grammar (Marks-60) 1.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 0.5x1 0 = 5 The sea-beach of Cox's Bazar is a (a) — gift of nature. The blue water of the sea and its (b) — waves are always a pleasant (c) — which cools our mind (d) - a moment. It is the (e) — sea-beach in the world. (f) — Saint Martin's Island is also a gift of nature in the Bay of Bengal. The beauty of the island is simply (g) The Sundarbans, the largest (h) — forest of the world is another beautiful gift of nature. Its (i) — life and mysterious setting make it more (j)—. Answer: 1. (a) Bewitching (b) rising (c) sight (d) within (e) Longest (f) the (g) charming (h) mangrove (i) wild (j) beautiful 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: - 0.5x10 = 5 Now-a-days, the young farmers of our country are showing interest to (a)— foreign vegetables. They with their innovative power, have added new dimensions (b) — the country's agricultural sector. Karim Ullah is such a (c) —. Five years ago, he started his farm with a (d) — and challenge. Now, he owns a (e) — farm where he cultivates curry leaves, lemon grass, broccoli and other (f)—vegetables. The cultivation of foreign crops (g) — our country is very inspiring for both (h) — farmers and the customers as it brings diversity in own regular (i) —­and nutrition. It is also possible to (j) — vegetables by ensuring quality production and packaging. Answer: 2. (a) Cultivate (b) to (c) farmer (d) dream (e) Vegetable (f) foreign (g) in (h) the (i) food (j) produce 3. Make five meaningful sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below: - 1x5 = 5 Answer: 3.      (a) Child labor is the worst form of violation of Human rights. (b) It means to engage a child in physical or Mental labor. (c) Child laborers are exploited and ill-treated. (d) Child laborers are deprived of the basic Human rights. (e) The Government should ensure the Rehabilitation of those children. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You can use one verb more than once 0.5 x 10 =5 Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) — a man to shed the last drop of blood to (b) — the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) — not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) — by ‘all. He always (e) — for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f) — only for their won interest. Those who (g) — for the country are true patriots. They (h) — even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) — their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) — forever. Answer: 4. (a) emerged (b) been (c) is (d) brought (e) are Confined (f) find (g) gives (h) work (i) are (j) earning 5. Change the narrative style of the following text: - 5 Rifat said to Munir, "You didn't attend my birthday party." "Extremely sorry, friend," Munir replied, "I had to go to my uncle's house in Dhaka. How was the program?" "Let me show you the photographs," said Rifat. Answer: 5. RI sat said to Miner that he (M) hadn't attended His (R) birthday party. Addressing him (R) as friend Miner replied that he (M) was extremely sorry. He (M) added that he (M) had to go to his (M) uncle's house in Dhaka. He (M) then asked Rift how the programmer was. Rift proposed to Let him (R) show him (M) the photographs. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions: - 1 x 10 = 10 (a) Internet is a computer-based networking system. (Interrogative) (b) It is a speedy transmitting system of information. (Complex) (c) Its functions are smooth and rapid. (Negative) (d) A man has an internet connection and gets a link soon according to his expectation. (Simple) (e) Many educational institutions are greatly benefited through the use of internet. (Complex) (f) A student can visit all the renowned libraries of the world without going there. (Passive) (g) It plays an effective role in the field of the trade and commerce. (Exclamatory) (h) E-commerce has become one of the most popular topics to the customers. (Positive) (i) It helps the customers to buy or choose anything without going to market. (Compound) (j) What an amazing milestone it is in the modem world of communication! (Assertive) Answer: 6.      (a) isn’t internet a computer-based networking System? (b) It is a transmitting system of information Which is speedy. c) Its functions are not (d) A mewing an internet connection Link soon according to (e) Many extensional money Benefited because they use tempt, (f) All the renowned worries of the world can be visited by student Student with in the (g) What an effective role plays in the fie Trade and commerce (h) Very few topics have become so popular to The customers as E-commerce, (i) it helps the customers and the Customers/ they can buy or choose anything Without going to market, 7. Complete the sentences: - 1x5 = 5 (a)There is a proverb that —. (b) — know this wise saying? (c)Unless you have a good health, —. (d)You may have a lot of wealth but —. (e)It is high time, —. Answer: 7.     (a) there is a proverb that health is wealth. (b) Who doesn't/ do you know this wise saying. (c) Unless you have good health, you cannot Live your life well. (d) You may have a lot of wealth but if you are not healthy, your wealth is useless. (e) It is high time you started to take care of your health 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis: - 0.5x10 =5 Life without leisure and (a)— (relax) is dull. Nobody can work without rest. Life becomes (b)—(charm) if one doesn't have any time to enjoy (c) —(beauty) objects of nature. Work becomes (d) — (monotony) if there is no break in it. It hinders the (e) — (smooth) of life. Leisure (1) — (new) our spirit to work. Everybody knows that (g)— (work) is (h)—(harm). Leisure doesn't mean (i)— (idle). It gives (j) —(fresh) to our mind. Answer: 8. (a) relaxation (b) charmless (c) beautiful (d) Monotonous (e) smoothness (f) renews (g) overwork (h) harmful (i) idleness (j) Refreshment 9. Make tag questions of the following statements: - - 1x5=5 (a) To tell a lie is a great sin. Sinners suffer in the long run, —? (b) Flowers are the symbol of beauty and purity. Nobody dislikes flowers, —? (c) I want to meet her. She hardly comes here, —? (d) Vitamins are essential for our health. So we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, —? (e) Truthfulness is a great virtue. So, don't tell a lie, —? Answer: 9.     (a) Sinners suffer in the long run, don't the? (b) Nobody dislikes flowers, do the ? (c) She hardly comes here, does she? (d) So, we must eat vegetables to get vitamins, Mustn’t we? (e) So, don't tell a lie, will you? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors: - 1x5 = 5 Climate change means the changes in climate. (a) —, climate on earth is constantly changing. (b) — climate change, the weather pattern in any specific region on earth (c) — across the whole earth is changing. Human activities are greatly responsible for it. We are cutting down trees for habitation and agricultural purpose. (d) use of chemicals in industries causes serious harm to the ozone layer. (e) —, there is a rapid increase in temperature causing greenhouse effect. Answer: 10. (a) However (b) Because of c) or (d) Moreover (e) As a result 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text: - 5 don't you have any relative here to stay with no sir so i need a transfer certificate to be admitted there Answer: 11. "Don't you have any relative here to stay with? "No, sir. So, I need a transfer certificate to be admitted there." Part B: Composition (Marks-40) 12. Suppose, you are HabibfHabiba and you have recently completed your HSC Examination. The Computer Zone Ltd. has published a vacancy advertisement in "The Daily Star" for the post of Junior Sales Officer. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the above-mentioned post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 8 13. Imagine, you are Sadi/Sadika, a student of Sayedpur Model High School, Sayedpur. The students of your class want to go on a study tour in a historical place. Now, write an application to the Headmaster on behalf of your class, seeking permission for arranging a study tour.10 14. Our farmers play an important role in our agro-based society. They work from dawn to dusk in order to produce crops. Now, write a paragraph on "The life of a farmer". 10 15. Write a composition on “Importance of trees in our life”. 12

Dhaka Board-2015 ENGLISH(COMPULSORY) SECOND PAPER [ According to the Syllabus of 2015] Time-3 hours Full marks-100 [N.B.-The Figures in the matgin indicate full marks] Part A : Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once.                                   0.5x10=5 It is useful (a) ---- students to take part (b) ---- social service. (c) ---- taking part (d) ---- social service, they can benefit themselves as well as (e) ---- nation. Student life is (f) ---- period of (g) ---- for future life. If the students do sicial (h) ---- , they will be better prepared for giving service (i) ---- the nation on completion of their education. As the students have no family burden and as they get enough time during the large vacation, they can do (j) ---- great deal of work for the people. Ans: (a) for  (b) in (c) By (d) in (e) the (f) the (g) preparation (h) work (i) to (j) a 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.                                                          0.5x10=5 Scientists have (a) ---- reported that the surface icecaps are (b) ---- . This is due to a rise (c) ---- atmospheric temperature known (d) ---- the green house effect. According to the scientists, carbon di-oxaide is primarily responsible (e) ---- temperature rise in (f) ---- . The carbon di-oxide is high (g) ---- coal and oil (h) ---- burnt. The gass is accumulating in the atmosphere and (i) ---- temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice in the North and south poles (j) -----  melting. Ans: (a) recently (b) melting (c) in (d) as (e) for (f) atmosphere (g) when (h) are (i) helping (j) is 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below.    1x5=5 Ans: a) Education is the process by which our minds develop. b) It ennobles our minds and refines our sensibility. c) It is the training for proper growth. d) Nobody can prosper in life without education. e) The purpose of education is the liberation of prejudice. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box.             0.5x10=5 Today women are placing an important role in all spheres of life. Once they were (a) ---- by men. They are no longer (b) ---- within the four walls of their parents’ or husbands’ house. They have (c) ---- out of the kitchen and are (d) ---- hand in hand with men. By (e) ---- higher education, they are becoming pilots, doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) ---- able to rpove their worth. They (g) ---- much to the ceonomy of the country. Now, it (h) ---- to the realization of the men that true development of the country is never possible (i) ---- half of the population idle at home. So, it (j) ---- no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of the country. Ans: (a) dominated (b) confined (c) come (d) working (e) taking (f) been (g) are contributing (h) has come (i) by keeping (j) needs. 5. Change the narrative style of the following text.                                                          5 “Good morning, students,” said the teacher. “How are you?” “We are fine, sir. What about you?” “I am fine too. Please, sit down.” “Have you prepared your lesson?” the teacher asked. “Sorry, sir, we have not prepared our lesson,” they replied. Ans ; The teacher wished the students good morning. He also asked how they were. The students respectfully replied that they were fine. They also asked how he was. The teacher replied that he was fine too and ordered them to sit down. He also asked if they had prepared their lesson. The students respectfully expressed their sorrow and said that they had not prepared their lesson. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions.                                             1x10=10 (a) Television is one of the most wonderful inventions of modern science. (Positive) (b) It was not invented over night. (Active) (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard to invent television. (complex) (d) Nowadays, almost every family has a television set. (Negative) (e) People of all ages like to watch television. (Interrogative) (f) The programmes telecast by television are very interesting. ( Complex) (g) Television should telecast educative programmes. (Passive) (h) If you watch television, you can learn many things. (simple) (i) People spend their free time by watching television. (Compound) (j) Very few things are so useful as television. ( Superlative) Ans; (a) Very few inventions of modern science are as wonderful as television. (b) Scientist did not invent it over night. (c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard so that they could invent television. (d) Nowadays, there is no family without a television set. (e) Don’t the people of all ages like to watch television? (f) The programmes which are telecast by television are very interesting. (g) Educative programmes should be telecast by television. (h) By watching television you can learn many things. (i) People watch television and spend their free time. (j) Television is one of the most useful things. 7. Complete the sentences.                                                                                    1x5=5 (a) Many people cut trees ----- . (b) Trees cause rainfall which ---- . (c) If we cut trees at random ----- . (d) Trees supply oxygen ----- . (e) Since trees help us in many ways ------. Ans ; (a) Many people cut trees to get timbers. (b) Trees cause rain fall which is essential for our agriculture. (c) If we cut trees at random, it will make the environment unbalanced. (d) Trees supply oxygen which is essential for our lives. (e) Since trees help us in many ways, we should not cut down trees at random. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis.                                                                                                                  0.5x10=5 The books of famous (a) ---- ( write) are put on sale in the book fair. Most of the (b) ---- (visit) buy books of different (c) ---- (publish) . Almost no visitor returns from the fair without making any purchase. The (d) ---- (buy) like to buy at a fair price. Our book fair is always (e) ---- (crowd) . As (f) ---- (vary) books are (g) ---- (play) in a fair, the buyers get a scope to choose books. They buy their (h) ---- (choose) books after a long search. This faculty is (i) ---- (available) in any place other than a book fair. A book fair is always (j) ---- (come) to the students. Ans : (a) writers (b) visitors (c) publishers (d) buyers (e) crowded (f) various (g) displayed (h) choice-able (i) unavailable (j) welcome 9. Make tag questions of these statements.                                                                      1x5=5 (a) Most of the students who fail in English don’t have strong foundation over grammar, ---- ? (b) They read only to pass the examination, ---- ? (c) Teachers should motivate them to learn the basic thing ---- ? (d) They can’t help learning grammar, ---- ? (e) Moreover, practice is essential too ---- ? Ans ; (a) do they ?(b) don’t they ? (c) shouldn’t they ? (d) can they ? (e) isn’t it? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors.                                             0.5x10=5 The foods that we eat can be divided into six kinds (a) ---- what substances they contain and (b) ---- benefits they do to us. Fish, meat, peas and milk provide us with protein (c) ---- builds our body and helps us grow. (d) ---- we do not take all these, we cannot grow well. Vitamins and mineral salts protect us from diseases (e) ---- keep us fit for work. Ans ; (a) according to (b) what (c) which (d) If (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text.                     5 the man said to me where are you going i am going to school said i did you go to school yesterday no i replied why didn't you go i was very busy said i Ans ; The man said to me, “Where are you going?” “I am going to school,” said I. “Did you go to school yesterday?” “No” i replied. “Why didn't you go?” “I was very busy,” said I. Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Taskia/Toukir and you have passed H.S.C and got a diploma on computer. Now, write a CV with cover letter for the post of a Computer Operator in a company. Your CV should not exceed one page.                                                                         10 13. Suppose, you are Priom/Pritha/Tihan, a student of class ten of Faridpur Model High School, Faridpur. You and your classmates want to go on a study tour. Now, write an application to the headmaster of your school seeking permission to go on a study tour.                                                                                                                                                   10 14. Suppose, recently you have had a cup of tea with some of your friends in a tea stall. Now, write a paragraph on ‘A Tea Stall’.                                                                                                10 15. Write a composition on ‘Your future plan of life’.                                                                 10 Chittagong Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. A teacher is (a) ---- compared with (b) ---- architect. He is called (c) ----- architect of a nation. He is the light of (d) ---- and makes the illiterate people  (e) ---- citizens of our country. But it is a matter of regret (f) ---- the teachers are not held (g) ---- due respect in (h) ---- society. They lead a humble life in the midst of want. Still they keep the light of education burning in order to remove the (i) ---- of illiteracy and superstitions (j) ---- the society. Ans ; (a) often (b) an (c) the (d) learning (e) worthy (f) that (g) in (h) our (i) darkness (j) from 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Bangladesh is a land of (a) ---- . It got (b) ---- in 1971 (c) ----- a liberation war. It is located (d) ---- South Asia. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh . Dhaka is also known as the city of mosque. About 14 crore people live here. Most of them are poor and (e) ---- . They earn their livelihood (f) ---- agriculture. But educated and skilled people work (g) ---- offices and factories. Our main food is rice and fish. It is a country of beauty. Its flora and fauna attract everyone’s eyes. It is in fact (h) ---- large village. The people of Bangladesh are very (i) ---- . There are many beautiful things here that attract the travellers and the (j) ---- . Ans ; (a) beauty (b) independence (c) through (d) in (e) illiterate (f) by/through (g) in (h) a (i) hospitable (j) foreigners/tourists. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Ans ; (a) Dhaka is the the capital of Bangladesh.(b) It is not only a populous city but also a city of traffic jam.(c) A flyover is built in Mohakhali to reduce traffic jam.(d) Traffic rules must be implemented.(e) Besides, the drivers, passers by and passengers should abide by the traffic rules. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. Today women (a) ---- an important role in all spheres of life. They no longer , (b) ---- to the four walls of their husband’s house. They have come out of their kitchens and (c) ---- hand in hand with men in all the development works of the government. By (d) ---- higher education they (e) ---- pilots, doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) ---- able to prove their worth. They (g) ---- much to the economy of the country. Now it has (h) ---- to the realization of the men that true development of the country is never possible (i) ---- half of the population idle at home. So, it (j) ---- no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of the country. Ans: (a) are playing (b) are confined (c) are working (d) receiving (e) are becoming (f) been (g) are contributing (h) come (i) keeping (j) needs 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shahab. “No, I have never,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Shabab. “Let us go there this week,” said Labib. Ans ; Shabab asked Labib if he had ever been to Cox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never been there. But he added that he desired for visiting the place. Shabab said that he had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year. Labib suggested that they should go there that week. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar. (complex)(b) I was very glad. (negative)(c) I accepted the invitation. (Passive)(d) When I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (simple)(e) I was exited to see the sea-beach. (Exlamatory)(f) It is the largest sea-beach in the world. (Comparative)(g) It is one of the most beautiful sea-beaches in the world. (Positive)(h) It is called the pleasure seekers’ paradise. (Active)(i) Every year a lot of people come to visit it. (Compound)(j) If I could visit the sea-beach! (active) Ans ; (a) My friend invited me so that I could pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar.(b) Wasn't I very glad?(c) The invitation was accepted by me.(d) My friend received me cordially after my reaching there.(e) How excited I was to see the sea-beach!(f) It is larger than any other sea-beach in the world.(g) Very few sea-beaches in the world are as beautiful as it.(h) People call it the pleasure seekers’ paradise.(i) Every year a lot of people come and visit it.(j) I wish i could visit the sea-beach. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) As a flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is -----(b) There is hardly any person ----(c) We can turn enemies into friends if we ----(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers ----(e) Many people cultivate flowers because ---- Ans ;  (a) As a flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is liked by all.(b) There is hardly any person who does not love flowers.(c) We can turn enemies into friends if we present flowers to them.(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers can kill a man.(e) Many people cultivate flowers because it is a source of income too. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Bangladesh is an (a) ---- dependent country, but she is still burdened with poverty, (b) ---- population, (c) ---- employ, corruption, food (d) ---- deficient, natural calamities, power crisis etc. Considering all these. the present (e) ---- govern has aimed at making a digital Bangladesh to (f) ---- come most of these problems. The actual aim of (g) ---- digit Bangladesh is to establish technology based government which will emphasize the overall (h) ---- develop of the country and the nation. The country has (i) ---- ready fixed its target of (j) ---- achieve ‘Digital Bangladesh’ by 2021. Ans ; (a) independent (b) overpopulation (c) unemployment (d) deficiency (e) government (f) overcome (g) digital (h) development (i) already (j) achieving 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, ---- ?(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, ---?(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, ---- ?(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, ---- ?(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, ---- ? Ans ; (a) Mina is having a birthday party in the afternoon, isn’t ?(b) Yes, she is. She’s been busy in cleaning and dusting the drawing room, hasn’t?(c) Yesterday her father brought her a lovely dress, didn’t he ?(d) And her mother wants to give her a pleasant surprise, doesn’t she?(e) Certainly, let’s buy a nice gift for you, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. Women are, nowadays as important as men in the society. They constitute nearly half of our total population. (a) ---- there can be no denying the fact (b) ---- they too possess equal rights and duties (e) ---- men do. They have noble mission to fulfill as men. (d) --- they get opportunity, their genius, powers (e) ---- capacities will bloom fully. Ans ; (a) So (b) that (c) as (d) If (e) and 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. bangladesh is a small country with a population of about sixteen crores she can hardly make headway so we should work hard to keep pace with the rest of the world Ans ; Bangladesh is a small country with a population of about sixteen crores. She can hardly make headway. So we should work hard to keep pace with the rest of the world. Part B : Composition 12. Suppose some English teachers will be appointed in Ideal Preparatory School, Dhaka. You are interested to be an English Teacher. Now, make a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Hasan/Hasna, a student of Sonapur High School. Your father is a poor government employee. You have three school going brothers and sisters. Your father cannot bear your educational expenses. Now, write an application to the headmaster/headmistress of your school for a full-free studentship. 14. Suppose, a farmer lives nearby your house. You know a lot about him. Write a paragraph in about 250 words on ‘A Farmer’. 15. There are many kinds of hobbies. Gardening, drawing picture, angling, stamp collecting are some of them. You have a hobby and it is gardening. Now, write a short composition on ‘Your Hobby’ describing why it is your favourite hobby Rajshahi Board-2015 Part A: Grammar(60 marks) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Youth is (a) ---- best time of (b) ---- . This is the time (c) ---- it is most important (d) ----- one to remember the maxim, “As you (e) ----, so shall you reap.” One must sow (f) ---- seeds of industry, truthfulness, honesty and other virtues (g) ---- this season to (h) ---- the harvest of prosperity and happiness. Whatever takes root in (i) ---- man at this time lasts throughout the rest (j) ---- his life and moulds his future. Answer; (a) the; (b) life; (c) when; (d) for; (e) sow; (f) the; (g) in; (h) reap; (i) a; (j) of; 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Modern civilization is the (a) ---- of science. Science has worked (b) ---- a magician in the world. We can’t do even a (c) ---- day without the help of science. Many quick means (d) ---- communication like telephone, telex, fax, telegram, satellite etc. are (e) ---- greatest wonders of science. Nowadays a message can be sent from one corner of the world to another in the twinkle of (f) ---- eye. Science has brought a revolutionary (g) ---- in all fields. In the field of medical science (h) ---- has got eyes, lame has got legs, deaf has got hearing power. (i) ---- diseases which were incurable in the past are now easily (j) ---- . Answer: (a) gift/product; (b) as; (c) single; (d) of; (e) the; (f) an; (g) change; (h) blind; (i) The; (j) cured/curable. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) The Taj is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. (b) It stands at Agra in India. (c) Emperor Shahajahan built it as tomb for his wife. (d) People like it on a moonlit night. (e) Everybody wants to see the Taj Mahal. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. According to the history, women in the past were (a) ---- within the four walls. But at present they (b) ---- no longer captive to their parents’ or husbands’ house. With the passage of time the outlook and attitude have been (c) ---- as men and women are (d) ---- themselves with the changing society. By (e) ---- education they are (f) ---- pilots, doctors, engineerss, high officials etc. They are (g) ---- hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They (h) ---- now able to prove their worth. They (i) ---- much to the economy of the country. Now it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ---- half of our population idle at home. Answer: (a) confined; (b) are; (c) developed; (d) adapting; (e) receiving; (f) becoming; (g) working; (h) are; (i) contribute/are contributing; (j) keeping. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. “Konika, have you done your English lesson today?” asked the teacher. “Yes, sir” she replied. “But I have not understood one gramatical point.” The teacher assured her saying, “Come to my room, I will help you understand the point.” “Thank you, sir.” she smilingly said. Answer: The teacher asked Konika if she had done her English lesson that day.She replied in the affirmative and said that she had not understood one gramatical point. The teacher advised her to come to his room. He also assured her saying that she wouid help her understand the point. With respect she smilingly thanked him. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) A flower is a glowing gift of nature.(Interrogative) (b) Isn’t it the symbol of love and beauty?(Affirmative) (c) Flowers are used on different occasions.(Active) (d) We present flower to our nearest and dearest person.(Passive) (e) We need flowers to decorate a place.(Complex) (f) The rose is the best of all flowers.(Positive) (g) Having sweet scent and beauty we love it very much.(Compound) (h) It is lovelier than all other flowers.(Superlative) (i) The rose is a very nice flower.(Exclamatory) (j) As the demand for flowers is increasing day by day we should cultivate flower on commercial basis.(Simple) Answer: (a) Isn’t a flower a glowing gift of nature? (b) It is the symbol of love and beauty. (c) People use flowers on different occasions. (d) Flower is presented to our nearest and dearest persons by us. (e) We need flowers so that we can decorate a place. (f) No other flower is as good as the rose. (g) A flower has sweet scent and beauty and we love it very much. (h) It is loveliest of all flowers. (i) How nice a flower the rose is! (j) Because of increasing the demand for flowers day by day, we should cultivate flowers on commercial basis. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) If you do not waste time --------- (b) This is the boy -------- (c) ------- I were a child. (d) United we stand, ------- (e) The boy is so weak in mathematics ------ . Answer: (a) If you do not waste time, you will shine in life. (b) This is the boy whom I was looking for. (c) I wish I were a child. (d) United we stand, devided we fall. (e) The boy is so weak in mathematics that he canno solve a simple problem. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Money cannot buy (a) ---- (happy). Money is a must for our life. But it is not necessary to bring happiness. Happiness is (b) ----- (absolute) a (c) ---- (psychology) thing. It is the name of a (d) ---- (feel). It means the (e) ---- (content) of the mind. He who has (f) ---- (satisfy) with what he has is (g) ---- (real) a happy one. Above all, we should keep in mind that (h) ---- (world) happiness is not all. If we want to be (i) ---- (eternal) happy and lead a (j) ---- (dignify) life, we have to earn money in an honest way. Answer: (a) happiness; (b) absolutely; (c) psychological; (d) feeling; (e) contentment; (f) satisfaction; (g) really; (h) worldly; (i) eternally; (j) dignified. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Nobody believes a cheat, ---- ? (b) Everybody hates him, ---- ? (c) He has to drag a miserable life, ---- ? (d) He can hardly succeed in life, ---- ? (e) Let us always speak the truth, ---- ? Answer: (a) Nobody believes a cheat, do they? (b) Everybody hates him, don’t they? (c) He has to drag a miserable life, doesn’t he? (d) He can hardly succeed in life, can he? (e) Let us always speak the truth, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. (a) ---- , there are some differences between practical konowlege and bookish knowledge. (b) ---- often they are thought to be the same. (c) ---- a man is educated in the true sense, he will be able to lead a life completely different from others. (d) ---- he can distinguish between right and wrong, (e) ---- education is very important. Answer: (a) Obviously/actually; (b) very; (c) If; (d) Besides; (e) So; 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. the teacher said to the boy where are you going now i am going to school said the boy did you go to school yesterday no the boy replied why did you not go i was suffering from fever said the boy Answer: The teacher said to the boy, “Where are you going now?” “I am going to school,” said the boy. “Did you go to school yesterday?” “No”, the boy replied.  “Why did you not go?” “I was suffering from fever,” said the boy. Part B : Composition(40 marks) 12. Suppose, you are Shimul/Shimuli and you are looking for a job. You want to apply for a job of a teacher in school. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. 13. Suppose, you are Habib/Habiba. You have passed the SSC examination this year from Collegiate High School, Barisal. You want to get yourself admitted into a college. So you need a testimonial from your Headmaster. Now, write an application to the Headmaster to your school for testimonial. 14. All the living beings depends on trees for their existence. So we should plant trees more and more. Now, write a paragraph on “Tree Plantation.” 15. You are a student of class ten. You have an aim in your life. Now, write a composition on “Your aim in life”. Borisal Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. A flower a (a) ---- gift of nature. It is a (b) ---- of beauty. It (c) ----- us pleasure. There is nobody (d) ----- loves flower. But it is (e) ---- matter of sorrow that a flower does not (f) ---- long. It blooms (g) ---- the morning and fades away very soon. Nowadays flowers (h) ---- cultivated in our country. Many people earn their livelihood (i) ---- flower (j) ----. Answer: (a) the; (b) symbol; (c) gives; (d) but; (e) a; (f) last; (g) in; (h) are; (i) by; (j) cultivation. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. We live in an age of (a) ----. We can see (b) ---- influence of science in all spheres of our daily life. Science is a constant (c) ---- of our daily life. We have (d) ---- the impossible things possible by means (e) ---- science. The modern civilization is a (f) ---- of science. At present we can (g) ---- travel from one place to another. (h) ---- ancient time journey was difficult. (i) ---- had to spend much (j) ---- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the greater welfare of mankind. Answer: (a) science; (b) the; (c) companion; (d) made; (e) of; (f) gift; (g) easily; (h) In; (i) People; (j) time. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) Bangladesh is an over populated land. (b) Population problem is a great problem in Bangladesh. (c) Population problem creates other problems like poverty, disease, illiteracy etc. (d) There are some causes behind overpopulation in Bangladesh. (e) The government should take proper steps to control the growth of population as soon as possible. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. Traffic jam (a) ---- a common affair in the big cities of our country. This problem (b) ---- the ultimate consequences of rapid growth of population and the number of vehicles. Most often this problem (c) ---- in the congested areas where the roads are very narrow. Overtaking tendency also (d) ---- traffic jam. Some drivers (e) ---- the traffic rules. They (f) ---- the vehicles carelessly. Traffic jam (g) ---- great sufferings to the ambulances (h) ---- patients. Office goers and school going children also (i) ---- a lot due to traffic jam. However, this problem (j) ---- to an extent by imposing traffic rules strictly. Answer: (a) is; (b) is; (c) occurs; (d) causes; (e) do not obey; (f) drive; (g) causes; (h) carrying; (i) suffer; (j) should be solved. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. The teacher said to the girl, “Do you think that honesty is the best policy?” The girl said, “Yes, sir, I think so.” “Then learn to be honest from your childhood,” said the teacher. “Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “May Allah bless you,” said the teacher. Answer: The teacher asked the girl if she thought that honesty is the best policy. The girl respectfully replied in the affirmative that she thought so. Then the teacher advised her to learn to be honest from her childhood. The girl respectfully thanked him. The teacher prayed that Allah might bless him. 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was not an unkind man at all.(Affirmative) (b) He inherited vast proerty from his father and sister.(Interrogative) (c) He was unmarried.(Negative) (d) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor.(Complex) (e) One night when he was saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room.(Simple) (f) Seeing Muhsin the thief cried.(compound) (g) The thief was caught.((Active) (h) How needy the thief was!(Assertive) (i) He gave the thief some food and money.(Passive) (j) Muhsin was one of the best philanthropists in the world.(Positive) Answer: (a) Haji Mohammad Muhsin was a very kind man. (b) Didn’t he inherit vast property from his father and sister? (c) He was not married. (d) As long as he was alive, he spent money lavishly to help the poor. (e) One night at the time of saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room. (f) The thief saw Muhsin and cried. (g) He caught the thief. (h) The thief was very needy. (i) The thief was given food and money by him. (j) Very few philanthropists in the world were as good as Muhsin. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) We must work hard in order that -----. (b) A man who ---- cannot shine in life. (c) It is hard labour that ---- (d) The idle cannot reach their target because ---- (e) ---- unless you work hard. Answer: (a) We must work hard in order that we can prosper in life. (b) A man who is idle cannot shine in life. (c) It is hard labour that enables a man to reach his goal. (d) The idle cannot reach their target because they cannot finish their work in time. (e) You cannot succeed in life unless you work hard. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. Honesty is opposite to (a) honest. An honest man is not (b) harm to anybody. He never does (c) just to others. When he does anything (d) moral, he feels (e) comfortable. He never tells a lie. He is always (f) response to his duty. We should follow the path of (g) honest and leave the path of (h) honesty. In that case, you will be (i) love by all and will be able to reach the path of (j) prosper. Answer: (a) dishonesty; (b) harmful; (c) injustice; (d) immoral; (e)uncomfortable; (f) responsible; (g) honesty; (h) dishonesty; (i) loved; (j) prosperity. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Nuclear has some advantage, ----- ? (b) There are only a few family members, ---- ? (c) It is calm and quiet, ---- ? (d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, ----? (e) One need not think of others, ----? Answer: (a) Nuclear has some advantage, hasn’t it? (b) There are only a few family members, aren’t there ? (c) It is calm and quiet, isn’t it ? (d) So, one can have peace and happiness in a nuclear family, can’t they ? (e) One need not think of others, need they ? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. A healthy man can do any work, (a) ---- he can eat anyfood he likes. (b) ----, he can enjoy life in every way. (c) ---- an unhealthy man is unhappy, for he cannot eat and do what he likes. (d) ---- he lives and dies poor. He may have intelligence, merit, learning and power, but he cannot put them to the use and reap their benefits. (e) ---- health is the source of all happiness in life. Answer: (a) because; (b) Besides; (c) On the other hand/But; (d) So; (e) Therefore; 11. Use capitals and punctuation marks where necessary in the following text. once my mother said to me who came to you my friend rafiq mom she asked what did he want i said his mother is ill he needs some money i have given him five hundred taka my mother said wonderful Answer: Once my mother said to me, “Who came to you?” “My friend, Rafiq, Mom.” She asked, “What did he want?” I said, “His mother is ill. He needs some money. I have given him five hundred taka.” My mother said, “Wonderful!” Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Nader Mahmud/Nadera Parvin and after graduation you have completed a course on computer. You have seen a vacancy advertisement for the post of a computer operator in a recognized private company. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Suppose, you are Mithu/Mita of Shovagonj High School, Rangpur. There is a common room in your school but facilities are not sufficient there. Now, write an application to the Headmaster for increasing common room facilities. 14. Write a paragraph about “Tree Plantation” by answering the following questions. (a) What is tree plantation? (b) How are trees are our friends? (c) How do trees maintain ecological balance? (d) What may happen in absence of trees? (e) What should be our final attitude towards trees? 15. A journey is always pleasant to all. Suppose, you have recently made a journey by train. Now, write a composition on “A Journey by Train” narrating how much you have enjoyed the journey. Sylhet Board-2015 Part A: Grammar 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the form of some of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Time is very (a) ---- thing. Time(b) ---- is lost once is lost for ever. There is (c) ----- proverb, “Time and tide wait for none.” It is time which does not (d) ---- the relative feelings. It does not wait  (e) ---- anyone if it is not used (f) ---- . It is really essential to realize (g) ---- importance of time in our life. Those who have become (h) ---- would make proper use of time. They never put (i) ---- their work for tomorrow. That’s why, they have contributed (j) ---- lot to the society. Answer: (a) precious; (b) which; (c) a; (d) have; (e) for; (f) wisely; (g) the; (h) great; (i) off; (j) a. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. Once there lived (a) ---- poor man. He could hardly maintain his family (b) ---- he did not have any land (c) ---- cultivation. One day he bought (d) ---- wonderful goose. The goose laid a (e) ---- egg everyday. In a few months he became rich. But he was a (f) ---- greedy man. He thought that there (g) ---- more eggs in the belly of the goose. He wanted to get all the eggs (h) ---- a time. So one day, he killed the goose and cut its belly open with (i) ---- knife. But alas! there was no egg. Thus the greedy farmer (j) ---- the useful goose. Answer: (a) a; (b) because/as; (c) for; (d) a; (e) golden; (f) very; (g) were; (h) at; (i) a; (j) lost. 3. Make five sentences using parts of sentences from each column of the table below. Answer: (a) Self-confidence is one of the invaluable(it should be valuable) human qualities. (b) It helps a man to reach the goal of life. (c) The lack of determination leads one to lose his self-confidence. (d) Success without self-confidence is not enjoyable. (e) One should exercise it in order to overcome the problems of life. 4. Complete the following text with right forms of the verbs given in the box. You must have (a) ---- the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. He (b) ---- our national poet. He (c) ---- as a rebel poet as well. But he (d) ----  in a poor family. But dire needs could not (e) ---- his personality. When the first World War Broke out, he (f) ---- the army. After the war, he (g) ---- to write poems. He wrote especially for the down trodden. He (h) ---- the Shelly of Bangla Literature. His poems and songs (i) ---- the Banglee in Liberation War. So we should (j) ---- his footprints in our life. Answer: (a) heard; (b) is; (c) is known; (d) was born; (e) engulf; (f) joined; (g) began; (h) is called; (i) inspired; (j) follow. 5. Change the narrative style of the folowing text. The girl said to the teacher, “Sir, I shall be grateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroom yesterday.” The teacher said, “I have become really happy to know that you are eager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that you like.” “Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “You are welcome,” said the teacher. Answer: The girl respectfully told the teacher that she should be grateful if he kindly lend her the book he had praised highly in the classroom the previous day. The teacher told that he had become really happy to know that she was eager to read that book. He added that she was welcome to any of his books that she liked. The girl respectfully thanked her teacher. The teacher welcomed the girl 6. Change the sentences according to the directions. (a) The students studying regularly can expect a good result.(Make it a complex sentence) (b) But most of our students are inattentive to their studies.(Make it a negative sentence without changing the meaning) (c) They waste their valuable time idly.(Use passive voice) (d) Wasting time is harmful for them.(Make it an interrogative sentence) (e) By repeating this activity they make a poor result.(Make it a complex sentence) (f) Who loves them then?(Make it a assertive sentence without changing the original meaning) (g) They are treated badly even by their family members.(Use active voice) (h) If a student fails in the examination, he suffers from inferiority complex.(Make simple sentence) (i) No other student in the class is as bad as a failed student.(Use superlative) (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively so that he can do well in the examination.(Make it a simple sentence) Answer: (a) The students who are studying regularly can expect a good result. (b) But most of our students are not attentive to their studies. (c) Their valuable time is wasted idly by them. (d) Isn’t wasting time harmful for them? (e) By repeating this activity they make a result which is poor. (f) Nobody loves them then. (g)  Even their family members treat them badly. (h)  A student failing in the examination suffers from inferiority complex. (i) A failed student is the worst of all students in the class. (j) So a student should be aware of studying regularly and attentively to do well in the examination. 7. Complete the sentences. (a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, -----. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, ------. (c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, -----. (d) On the way to school I walked fast lest ----. (e) If I reached late, ----. Answer: (a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, I felt a little bit fever. (b) As soon as I got up from bed, I found that it was late. (c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, I started to walk to school. (d) On the way to school I walked fast lest I should miss the first class. (e) If I reached late, I would be fined. 8. Complete the text adding suffixes, prefixes or the both with the root words given in the parenthesis. King Solomon was (a) ---- (fame) for his (b) ---- (wise). He was blessed with (c) ---- (ordinary) knowledge and it was really beyond people’s (d) ---- (imagine). One day Queen of Sheba wanted to test how wise he was. Soloman was given two kinds of flowers. One was (e) ---- (nature) and the other was (f) ---- (artifice). As he had a close (g) ---- (associate) with nature, he had been (h) ---- (success) to differentiate them. In this way, his (i) ---- (repute) of (j) ---- (multidimension) knowledge spreads all over the world. Answer: (a) famous; (b) wisdom; (c) extra-ordinary; (d) imagination; (e) nature; (f) artificial; (g) association; (h) successful; (i) reputation; (j) multidimensional. 9. Make tag questions of these statements. (a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, ----? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, ----? (c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, ----? (d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, ----? (e) There fore, let’s practice it, ----? Answer: (a) Everyone is nostalgic in life, aren’t they? (b) We hardly forget the golden past, do we? (c) The memories of childhood are always haunting us, aren’t they? (d) Nothing is more pleasant to man than the sweetest memories of childhood, is it? (e) Therefore, let’s practice it, shall we? 10. Complete the passage using suitable connectors. It is known to all that gold is a valuable metal. (a) ----, there are many metals cheaper than gold though they like it. (b) ---- they glitter for sometime, they fade away in the long run. In our society there are also many people (c) ---- are outwardly very gentle and polished. Later on their real identity is revealed (d) ---- they do not exercise moral values. That’s why, people say, “ All (e) ---- glitters is not gold.” Answer: (a) But; (b) Though/Although; (c) who; (d) as; (e) that; 11. Use capitals and punctuations marks where necessary in the following text. why are you going to borisal said father i want to buy some important books said saad do you need money yes father don’t go alone as time is not going well Answer: “Why are you going to Borisal?” said father. “I want to buy some important books”, Said saad. “Do you need money?” “Yes, father.” “Don’t go alone as time is not going well.” Part B : Composition 12. Suppose, you are Sayeed/Sayeeda. You have seen a vacancy advertisement for the position of an English Teacher in Monpura High School, Bhola. Now, write a CV with a cover letter for the post. Your CV should not exceed one page. 13. Your summer vacation starts from 30th May. Your class wants to go on study tour to Madhabkunda, Sylhet. As a result, you need permission from your headmaster. Now, write an application to your headmaster for seeking permission to go on a study tour. 14. Write a paragraph in 250 words on ‘The life of a farmer’. 15. Write a composition on ‘Wonders of Modern Science’.

Rules Regarding Sequence of Tenses with Examples Learning and understanding the rules for using multiple verbs in a sentence is essential to comprehend the sequence of tenses. Associating examples with these rules is crucial for mastering them. Below are the rules to follow when using multiple tenses: Rule 1: Past Follows Past If the main clause has a verb conjugated in the past tense, ensure that the subordinate clause also uses the past tense. This rule can be nuanced based on the form of past tense in the principal clause. Exceptions to Rule 1: Present Follows Past: In cases where the subordinate clause conveys a general fact, routine action, or universal truth, use the present tense even if the principal clause has a past tense verb. Example: The teacher taught us today that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Any Tense in the Subordinate Clause: When making a comparison using 'than,' there is no specific rule for choosing the tense. Example: I would prefer going shopping with you rather than sitting at home all day doing nothing. Rule 2: Any Tense after Present or Future Tense If the principal clause is in the present or future tense, the subordinate clause can take any tense based on the conveyed information. Rule 3: Present Follows Future When using subordinating conjunctions like 'when,' 'as soon as,' 'after,' etc., the subordinate clause takes the present tense when the verb in the principal clause is in the future tense. More Examples I'll join the team after I finish my training. (NOT I'll join the team after I will finish my training.) She promises to call before she leaves. (NOT She promises to call before she will leave.) If you put in the effort, you'll excel. (NOT If you will put in the effort, you'll excel.) The Present Perfect Tense in Subordinate Clauses The present perfect tense is frequently used in subordinate clauses to denote future events. Remember, this construction is applicable only when the main clause verb is in the present or future tense. We won't start the project until they have reviewed our proposal. (NOT We won't start the project until they will have reviewed our proposal.) After I've had my meeting, we can discuss your ideas. (NOT After I will have had my meeting, we can discuss your ideas.) Rule 4: Use of Past Tense in Subordinate Clauses When using phrases like 'as if,' 'it is time/high time,' 'what if,' 'wish that,' etc., use the past tense form of the verb. Rule 5: Use of Modal Verbs When the Conjunction 'That' Is Used If a subordinate clause starts with the conjunction 'that' or 'so that,' use 'may' for present tense in the principal clause and 'might' for past tense. Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb form from the given brackets. The children insisted that they _______ to the zoo. (go) Even though they _______ late, they managed to catch the last train. (arrive) She acted as if she _______ that fact before. (know – negative) I wish you _______ me sooner. (meet) When he arrived, they realized he _______ them a surprise. (prepare) You will be amazed when you find out how much he _______ for the project. (sacrifice) It's crucial that you _______ your point clearly. (express) Unless we _______ for the event in advance, we _______ good seats. (plan, not get) The scientist explained that the Earth _______ around the sun. (revolve) She believes that it _______ the right decision. (be) Answers: The children insisted that they go to the zoo. Even though they arrived late, they managed to catch the last train. She acted as if she did not know that fact before. I wish you had met me sooner. When he arrived, they realized he had prepared them a surprise. You will be amazed when you find out how much he has sacrificed for the project. It's crucial that you express your point clearly. Unless we plan for the event in advance, we will not get good seats. The scientist explained that the Earth revolves around the sun. She believes that it was the right decision. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: She insisted that she __________ (complete) the assignment before the deadline. After they __________ (finish) their meal, they went for a walk. If he __________ (study) harder, he __________ (pass) the exam. By the time I __________ (arrive), they __________ (already/start) the meeting. The teacher explained that water __________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. I will call you as soon as I __________ (reach) the airport. They __________ (not/realize) that the concert __________ (already/start) when they arrived. She wishes she __________ (learn) Spanish when she was younger. We __________ (not/leave) until the rain __________ (stop). If they __________ (invite) us, we __________ (attend) the party. The manager told us that the new project __________ (begin) next month. By the time you __________ (read) this, I __________ (already/leave). I'll believe it when I __________ (see) it. She __________ (not/hear) the news until her friend __________ (tell) her. If you __________ (exercise) regularly, you __________ (feel) better. The company announced that they __________ (launch) a new product next year. After the storm __________ (pass), we __________ (inspect) the damage. He __________ (not/realize) that he __________ (lose) his wallet until he got home. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) about the traffic before leaving. We __________ (not/start) the movie until everyone __________ (arrive). answers: has completed finished studies, will pass arrive, had already started boils reach did not realize, had already started had learned will not leave, stops invite, will attend will begin read, will have already left see had not heard, told exercise, will feel will launch passes, will inspect did not realize, had lost wish, had known will not start, arrives Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: By the time he __________ (arrive) at the conference, most of the attendees __________ (already/leave). If she __________ (know) about the deadline, she __________ (submit) the report earlier. The author explained that he __________ (work) on the novel for several years before he __________ (finally/publish) it. They __________ (not/realize) that the prices __________ (already/rise) when they __________ (decide) to invest. After the negotiations __________ (conclude), the representatives __________ (exchange) pleasantries. If the weather __________ (be) good tomorrow, we __________ (have) a picnic. She __________ (study) Italian for years before she __________ (visit) Italy. The team __________ (train) hard because they __________ (compete) in the championship next month. By the time you __________ (read) this book, the author __________ (already/write) another one. He __________ (promise) that he __________ (help) us, but he __________ (not/keep) his word. answers: arrived, had already left had known, would have submitted had worked, finally published did not realize, had already risen, decided concluded, exchanged is, will have had studied, visited is training, will compete read, will have already written promised, would help, did not keep Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: The scientists __________ (conduct) research on this topic for years before they __________ (publish) their findings. If you __________ (study) harder, you __________ (perform) better in exams. By the time they __________ (reach) the summit, the sun __________ (already/set). She __________ (work) on the project until she __________ (realize) it __________ (be) not feasible. After he __________ (win) the championship, he __________ (announce) his retirement. The CEO __________ (state) that the company __________ (not/tolerate) any unethical behavior. When the guests __________ (arrive), dinner __________ (already/serve). I __________ (understand) the concept after my teacher __________ (explain) it several times. If she __________ (know) about the traffic, she __________ (not/be) late for the meeting. By the time we __________ (complete) the project, the client __________ (change) the requirements. He __________ (train) rigorously because he __________ (compete) in the marathon next month. After she __________ (graduate), she __________ (start) her own business. They __________ (not/anticipate) that the market __________ (experience) a sudden downturn. The artist __________ (paint) many masterpieces before he __________ (gain) recognition. If the weather __________ (be) good, we __________ (visit) the botanical garden. By the time you __________ (read) this, I __________ (already/leave) for my vacation. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) how to play the guitar when I was younger. The detective __________ (solve) the case before he __________ (reveal) the culprit. After he __________ (find) a job, he __________ (decide) to pursue further studies. The team __________ (celebrate) their victory as soon as the match __________ (end). If we __________ (not/act) quickly, the situation __________ (get) out of control. The professor __________ (advise) that we __________ (focus) on the fundamental concepts first. She __________ (not/know) that the concert __________ (cancel) until she __________ (arrive) at the venue. Once the movie __________ (begin), no one __________ (be) allowed to enter the cinema. The chef __________ (prepare) a delicious meal after he __________ (receive) the fresh ingredients. They __________ (wait) for hours before they __________ (realize) the bus __________ (break) down. After the storm __________ (pass), the residents __________ (assess) the damage. I __________ (promise) that I __________ (help) you, and I __________ (intend) to keep my promise. By the time you __________ (arrive), the party __________ (already/start). If he __________ (attend) the workshop, he __________ (learn) valuable skills. Answers: had conducted, published studied, would perform reached, had already set worked, realized, was won, announced stated, would not tolerate arrived, had already been served understood, explained had known, would not have been complete, had changed trained, will compete graduated, started did not anticipate, experienced painted, gained is, will visit read, will have already left wish, had known solved, revealed found, decided celebrated, ended do not act, will get advised, should focus did not know, was canceled, arrived begins, will be prepared, received waited, realized, had broken passes, will assess promised, will help, intend arrive, will have already started attends, will learn Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets: After she __________ (finish) her degree, she __________ (consider) pursuing a master's. He __________ (travel) extensively before he __________ (decide) to settle down. If they __________ (invest) wisely, they __________ (gain) substantial returns. By the time I __________ (arrive), the party __________ (already/start). The students __________ (not/realize) that the exam __________ (already/begin) when they __________ (enter) the room. I __________ (wish) I __________ (know) about the sale before everything __________ (sell) out. Once he __________ (complete) the training program, he __________ (apply) for the job. If you __________ (ask) me earlier, I __________ (help) you with the project. After the storm __________ (pass), the crew __________ (start) repairing the damaged roof. She __________ (promise) that she __________ (visit) us, but she __________ (not/keep) her promise. They __________ (not/expect) that the prices __________ (rise) when they __________ (make) the investment. By the time we __________ (reach) the theater, the movie __________ (already/begin). We __________ (not/realize) that he __________ (already/leave) until we __________ (arrive). I __________ (tell) you everything after I __________ (receive) more information. If you __________ (learn) the rules, you __________ (avoid) making mistakes. The artist __________ (work) tirelessly until he __________ (create) a masterpiece. Once she __________ (finish) the report, she __________ (submit) it to the supervisor. The manager __________ (state) that the company __________ (not/tolerate) any form of discrimination. If they __________ (start) the project earlier, they __________ (finish) it on time. He __________ (apologize) for the mistake after he __________ (realize) what happened. They __________ (wait) for hours before the doctor __________ (arrive). After the concert __________ (conclude), the musicians __________ (greet) the audience. She __________ (wish) she __________ (attend) the conference when she __________ (have) the chance. Once the results __________ (be) announced, the winners __________ (celebrate) their success. He __________ (not/understand) that he __________ (make) a wrong turn until he __________ (drive) for miles. The teacher __________ (recommend) that they __________ (read) the book before the discussion. After the guests __________ (leave), we __________ (clean) up the party venue. If they __________ (start) exercising regularly, they __________ (notice) improvements in their health. The team __________ (not/realize) that they __________ (qualify) for the finals until the coach __________ (inform) them. I __________ (have) lunch after I __________ (complete) this task. He __________ (feel) regret after he __________ (realize) his mistake. She __________ (apologize) for the delay once she __________ (arrive). If she __________ (study) harder, she __________ (excel) in her exams. They __________ (wish) they __________ (know) about the event before it __________ (occur). Once the committee __________ (reach) a decision, they __________ (announce) it to the public. If we __________ (not/act) promptly, the situation __________ (escalate). She __________ (not/expect) that the seminar __________ (be) so informative when she __________ (register). After the movie __________ (end), the audience __________ (applaud) the actors. He __________ (regret) not taking the opportunity after he __________ (learn) about its benefits. Once they __________ (arrive), we __________ (begin) the meeting. Answers: finishes, will consider traveled, decided invest, will gain arrive, will have already started did not realize, had already begun, entered wish, had known, sold completes, will apply had asked, would have helped passes, will start promised, would visit, did not keep did not expect, had risen, made reach, will have already begun did not realize, had already left, arrived will tell, receive learn, will avoid worked, created finishes, will submit stated, will not tolerate had started, would have finished will apologize, realizes waited, will arrive concludes, will greet wishes, had attended, had the chance are, will celebrate did not understand, had made, drove recommended, read leave, will clean start, will notice did not realize, had qualified, informed will have, complete felt, realized apologized, arrived studied, would excel wish, had known, occurred reaches, will announce do not act, will escalate did not expect, was, registered ends, will applaud regrets, learned arrive, will begin Correction: Incorrect: She wished she can visit the museum when she was in Paris. Correct: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Explanation: In reported speech or expressions of wish, use the past tense form ("could") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: If he knows about the plan, he would participate. Correct: If he knew about the plan, he would participate. Explanation: Use the past tense ("knew") after "if" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: After she will finish her work, she will join us for dinner. Correct: After she finishes her work, she will join us for dinner. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: We won't leave until he will arrive. Correct: We won't leave until he arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: Once they will understand the concept, it will be easier. Correct: Once they understand the concept, it will be easier. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: By the time he will reach the station, the train will leave. Correct: By the time he reaches the station, the train will leave. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("reaches") after "by the time" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: The company announced that they will launch a new product last month. Correct: The company announced that they would launch a new product last month. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "announce," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: She apologized once she will realize her mistake. Correct: She apologized once she realized her mistake. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: If she studies harder, she would have excelled in her exams. Correct: If she had studied harder, she would have excelled in her exams. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had studied") to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: After the storm passes, they will start cleaning up the debris. Correct: After the storm passes, they will start cleaning up the debris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Incorrect: I wish I will have known about the event earlier. Correct: I wish I had known about the event earlier. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had known") in expressions of wish to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: When the guests arrived, the dinner already serves. Correct: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Incorrect: I'll believe it when I will see it. Correct: I'll believe it when I see it. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "when." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: He insisted that he will pay for the expenses. Correct: He insisted that he would pay for the expenses. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Incorrect: They won't leave until you will give them permission. Correct: They won't leave until you give them permission. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave. Correct: Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: If they know the answer, they would raise their hands. Correct: If they knew the answer, they would raise their hands. Explanation: Use the past tense ("knew") after "if" to maintain the correct sequence. Incorrect: We won't start the game until the coach will arrive. Correct: We won't start the game until the coach arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Incorrect: After the movie will end, we can discuss our thoughts. Correct: After the movie ends, we can discuss our thoughts. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Incorrect: The students didn't realize the exam already begins when they entered the room. Correct: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Identify and correct the errors in the given sentences: She insisted that she will finish the project by tomorrow. By the time they arrived, the meeting already started. If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. We won't leave until you will arrive. Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave the hall. After they will complete the training, they apply for the job. He wished he knows how to play the piano. When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. I will call you as soon as I will reach home. The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Corrected sentences: She insisted that she would finish the project by tomorrow. By the time they arrived, the meeting had already started. If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. (No error) We won't leave until you arrive. Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave the hall. After they complete the training, they will apply for the job. He wished he knew how to play the piano. When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. I will call you as soon as I reach home. The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanations for the corrections: Original: She insisted that she will finish the project by tomorrow. Correction: She insisted that she would finish the project by tomorrow. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: By the time they arrived, the meeting already started. Correction: By the time they arrived, the meeting had already started. Explanation: When expressing an action that occurred before another past action, use the past perfect tense ("had already started") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: If he knew about the issue, he would solve it immediately. Correction: If he knew about the issue, he would have solved it immediately. Explanation: When referring to a condition that is contrary to reality in the past, use the past perfect tense ("would have solved") to maintain the correct sequence. Original: We won't leave until you will arrive. Correction: We won't leave until you arrive. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: Once the concert will conclude, the audience will leave the hall. Correction: Once the concert concludes, the audience will leave the hall. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("concludes") after subordinating conjunctions like "once." Original: After they will complete the training, they apply for the job. Correction: After they complete the training, they will apply for the job. Explanation: Use "will" before the verb in the future action to maintain the sequence. Original: He wished he knows how to play the piano. Correction: He wished he knew how to play the piano. Explanation: In reported speech or expressions of wish, use the past tense form ("knew") to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. Correction: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Original: I will call you as soon as I will reach home. Correction: I will call you as soon as I reach home. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after conjunctions like "as soon as." The base form of the verb is used. Original: The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Correction: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Identify and correct the errors in the given sentences: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. We won't start the meeting until everyone will arrive. If they knew about the plan, they would participate. By the time she will return, we will finish the project. The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Once you will understand the concept, it will be easier. After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. I'll believe it when I will see it. The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. He insisted that he will pay for the dinner. When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. She apologized once she will realize her mistake. If she studies harder, she would excel in her exams. They won't leave until you will give them permission. After the movie will end, we will discuss our thoughts. I wish I know how to play the guitar when I was younger. He promised that he will help us, but he never did. The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Corrected sentences: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. We won't start the meeting until everyone arrives. If they knew about the plan, they would participate. (No error) By the time she returns, we will finish the project. The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. (No error) Once you understand the concept, it will be easier. After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. (No error) She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. (No error) I'll believe it when I see it. The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. (No error) He insisted that he would pay for the dinner. When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. She apologized once she realized her mistake. If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. They won't leave until you give them permission. (No error) After the movie ends, we will discuss our thoughts. I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. He promised that he would help us, but he never did. (No error) The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Explanation: Original: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. Correction: After he finishes his work, he will join us for lunch. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: We won't start the meeting until everyone will arrive. Correction: We won't start the meeting until everyone arrives. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: If they knew about the plan, they would participate. Correction: If they knew about the plan, they would participate. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: By the time she will return, we will finish the project. Correction: By the time she returns, we will finish the project. Explanation: Use the base form of the verb ("returns") after "by the time" to maintain the correct sequence. Original: The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Correction: The teacher explained that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: Once you will understand the concept, it will be easier. Correction: Once you understand the concept, it will be easier. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Original: After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. Correction: After the storm passed, they started cleaning up the debris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Correction: She wished she could visit the museum when she was in Paris. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: I'll believe it when I will see it. Correction: I'll believe it when I see it. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "when." The base form of the verb is used. Original: The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. Correction: The company announced that they will launch a new product next year. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: He insisted that he will pay for the dinner. Correction: He insisted that he would pay for the dinner. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "insist," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: When the guests arrived, the dinner already served. Correction: When the guests arrived, the dinner had already been served. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already been served") to indicate an action completed before another past action. Original: She apologized once she will realize her mistake. Correction: She apologized once she realized her mistake. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "once." The base form of the verb is used. Original: If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. Correction: If she studies harder, she will excel in her exams. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: They won't leave until you will give them permission. Correction: They won't leave until you give them permission. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "until." The base form of the verb is used in the subordinate clause. Original: After the movie will end, we will discuss our thoughts. Correction: After the movie ends, we will discuss our thoughts. Explanation: Avoid using "will" after "after." The base form of the verb is used. Original: I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. Correction: I wish I knew how to play the guitar when I was younger. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error. Original: He promised that he will help us, but he never did. Correction: He promised that he would help us, but he never did. Explanation: In reported speech or in clauses introduced by verbs like "promise," we use "would" instead of "will" to maintain the sequence of tenses. Original: The students didn't realize the exam already began when they entered the room. Correction: The students didn't realize the exam had already begun when they entered the room. Explanation: Use the past perfect tense ("had already begun") to express an action completed before another past action. Original: Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Correction: Once they arrive, we will start the conference. Explanation: The original sentence is correct. No error.