Uncover the secrets to acing your SSC exams with our comprehensive guide on 'Without Clues for SSC'. Get expert tips and strategies on our college student blog. Without Clues Worksheet-4.0 SSC Examination-2020 all board questions 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dhaka Board-2020] Modern civilization is the (a)---of science. Science has worked (b)---a magician in the world. We can’t do even a (c)---day without the help of science. Many quick means (d)---communication like telephone, telex, fax, telegram, satellite, etc. are (e) — greatest wonders of science. Nowadays, a message can be sent from one corner of the world to another in the twinkle of (f) — eye. Science has brought a revolutionary (g) — in all fields. In the field of medical science, (h) — has got eyes, lame has got legs, deaf has got hearing power. (i) — diseases which were incurable in the past are now easily (j)---. 2.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Rajshahi Board-2020] Diligence means an (a)---to perform a work successfully. God has given us two hands to (b) --- from the (c)--- of the world, human beings have been (d)---with nature to keep hold of their (e)---. If they did not struggle, they might have (f)--- long ago. Thus we see that diligence is (g)---- in our personal, social and national life. The student who is (h)--- diligent, makes a better result (i)--- those who are not. So, to be (j)--- everybody should be diligent. 3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Cumilla Board-2020] Education is one of the basic (a) ---- of a human and is (b) ---- for every kind of development. It (c) — us to make right choices in life. It (d) — our ability to raise crops, (e) — food, protect the environment and (f) — out our social responsibilities. It provides us (g) — an enlightened (h)---- about things. But education has to be (i) —. It is not (j) — adopting degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. 4.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Sylhet Board-2020] Adopting unfair means in the examination is (a)--- offence. It degrades (b)--- standard of education. If the students of (c)---country do not acquire (d) — education, there will be no development for (e) — country. (f) — examinee should study seriously so that he can cut (g)--- good figure in the examination. To acquire true education should be (h) — only aim in the lives of all students. (i) — educated man cannot support adopting (j) — unfair means in the examination at all. 4.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Barishal Board-2020] Terrorism is a (a) — threat and major concern (b) — almost all the countries. Terrorists damage (c) — human lives and properties (d) — panic and terror. The cause of terrorism mainly (e) — to the deprivation of genuine rights and also greed and exploitation (f) — groups and nations. To get rid of terrorism is very difficult (g) — not impossible (h) — different intellectuals and peace (i) — nations work (j)---. 5.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Chattogram Board-2020] Patriotism is an (a) — quality of human being. It creates in a man a feeling of love for his motherland. It is older than (b) —. The man who loves his own country, does his first and (c) — duties and works for the (d) — and (e) — of his country, is a patriot. Even the ancient tribes had a great love for the land where they were born and sacrificed their lives to (f) — it. If he does and (g) — his duties honestly and sincerely in his own fields, he can be a patriot. If he does not do so, he will be a (h) —. We must not have bitterness towards anyone. But (i) — patriotism is very bad. All should (j) — off it from their hearts. 6.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Mymensingh Board-2020] Nowadays, a good number of farmers are getting benefits (a) — the organic cultivation of vegetables. Vermicompost, (b) — organic fertilizer made mainly (c) — cowdung and earthworm is used by the farmers. As the farmers did not use (d) — chemical fertilizer or pesticides on their vegetable beds, the (e) — cost has come down. It takes (f) — fifty thousand taka to prepare an acre of (g) — and the harvest starts within forty-five days (h) — planting. Due to good yield of the crop, some temporary warehouses have been made in (i) — area. So, proper (j) — of organic fertilizer can change the scenario of our agricultural sector. SSC Examination-2019 all board questions 7.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dhaka Board-2019] Once a farmer had a great desire (a) — land. One day (b) — to the landlord, he wanted some land (c) — he might live in comfort. The landlord was very wise. So, he told him to have as much land as he could cover by running (d) — sunset. The farmer became very pleased (e) — that. Next morning he started running as (f) —as he could to cover more area. He ran till evening and the sun was (g) — to set. He ran with his last strength but became very tired and fell (h) — dead. He was (i) — there. Then the wise man remarked a man needs just as much land as will be enough (j) — his grave. 8. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Rajshahi Board 2019] Housing is one of the greatest (a) — in our country. Thousands of people in big (b) — like Dhaka and Chattogram (c) — in the footpaths. In rural (d) — there is also an acute (e) — of housing. The cost of construction is (f) — day by day. At present it is very (g) — for the (h) — people to (i) — the cost of construction. So, this problem (j) — to be solved soon. 9. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.[Cumilla Board-2019] Reading textbook is essential (a) — all the students. A student cannot expect (b) — make a good result until he or she reads textbooks. In the textbooks all the topics are designed as per students’ grade that ensures (c) — complete sense. In case (d) — not reading those texts a student will miss (e) — needed for him or her. Moreover, textbooks are (f) — and edited by highly experienced educationists. Some students ignore (g) — read text books rather they prefer guidebooks. But merely (h) — guidebooks keeps the students ignoble of the subject matter as they are written focusing on exam result (i) — a textbook covers all the details for holistic flourish (j) — a student. 10.Fill in the blanks with suitable words.[Jashore Board-2019] Language (a)---a very Important role in the lives of human beings. We use language from the (b) ---we wake up in the morning (c) — we go to bed at night. We use language (d) — different purposes. We use language to (e) — our ideas, thoughts and, feelings, ‘to (f) — our message or to pass (g) — information to others. In short, language is (h) — present in our activities. It is( i) — inseparable part of (j) — we are, what we do and believe. 11.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Barishal Board-2019] Nowadays, the young farmers of our country are showing interest to (a) — foreign vegetables. They with their innovative power, have added new dimensions (b) — the country’s agricultural sector. Karim Ullah is such a (c) —. Five years ago, he started his farm with a (d) — and challenge. Now he owns a (e) — farm where he cultivates curry leaves, lemon grass, broccoli and other (f) — vegetables. The cultivation of foreign crops (g) — our country is very inspiring for both (h) — farmers and the customers as it brings diversity in our regular (i) — and nutrition. It is also possible to (j) — vegetables by ensuring quality production and packaging. 12. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Chattogram Board-2019] Road accident is (a) — regular phenomenon in Bangladesh. Many people die (b) — road accidents every year. So, it is considered as a (c) —. Road accidents occur for (d) — reasons. Many factors are (e) —for road accidents. The most common cause is (f) — driving. Sometimes they drive night coach (g) — on the same day. The drivers do not check the engines (h) — before they start driving. The roads are two-lane roads (i) — any dividers. These are some of the (j) — reasons of road accidents in Bangladesh. 13.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Sylhet Board-2019;Jashore Board-2016] A true friend is (a) — asset. He stands (b) — his friends in time (c) — danger. He is not (d) — greedy person. He (e) — wishes for the welfare of (f) — friend. But it is’ a matter (g) — regret that a true friend is very (h) — today. A selfish man cannot be a (i) — friend. He always thinks of his (j) — interest. SSC Examination-2018 all board questions 14.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [All Board-2018] Truthfulness means the (a)--- of speaking (b) — truth. Truthfulness is (c) of the greatest virtues in manes life. The true (d) — and prosperity of man entirely depends (e) — it. It ennobles ones character (f) — gives one a high position in society. It may not make one rich (g) — brings peace of mind. All religions teach us to be (h) —. By dint (i) — truthfulness all can shine in life. It may lead the (j) — world to peace and prosperity. Answer: (a) habit; (b) the; (c) one: (d) development; (e) on; (f) and; (g) but; (h) truthful; (i) of; (j) whole. SSC Examination-2017 all board questions 15.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dhaka Board-2017] Every student wants to do well (a) — the examination. But it is not (b) — easy task. A student has to work (c) — for this. From the very (d) — of the year, he must be serious. He should read the (e) — books again and again. He must not memorize answers (f) — understanding. He must not make note (g) — a common source. He should have a good command (h) — English. By doing all (i)----- things, a student can hope to make (j) — excellent result. 16.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Rajshahi Board-2017] Man is the (a) — of his own fate. If he makes a proper (b) — of time and does his duties (c) —, he is sure to improve and (d) — in life. But if he does not (e) — it, he is sure to (f)—. Then he will be (g) — to drag a miserable (h) —. To spoil time is (i) — for a person. For, our life is nothing (j)---- the sum total of hours, days and years. 17.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Cumilla Board-2017] The Eiffel Tower was named (a) — Gustave Eiffel, a Frenchman who built (b) — Tower. He graduated from the Central School of Engineering in Paris and went to work for a railway (c) — company. For years Gustave made plan (d) — plan of dams, factories, stations and structures of great size. All (e) — Europe engineers copied them. In the middle of 1880s a group of French industrialists persuaded the government to organise (f) — World’s Fair (g) — Paris. Gustave Eiffel proposed a 989-foot tower of iron as symbol of the (h) —. Forty engineers and designers under Eiffel’s (i) — worked for two years. It was (j) — highest structure yet made by man. 18.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Jashore Board 2017] A great (a) — of people speak English all over (b) — world. Some people use (c) — as a first language and some people take it as (d) — second language. Many international organizations now (e) — on English to communicate with offices in different (f)—. Then advertisements published g) — different newspapers are in English. They also want people who possess a good (h) — of English. People seeking (i) — can’t expect to get a good one (j) — knowing English. 19.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Sylhet Board 2017] Trees bear a great impact (a) — the climate. If we destroy trees (b) — random, one day the country will turn (c) — a great desert. The country will bear the consequences of greenhouse (d) —. Again there will be no rain and as a result, the country will face a great crisis because ours is (e)— agricultural country and our economy is dependent on (f) —. Again our agriculture (g) — on rain. So trees have a (h)— effect on our climate. Trees keep the soil strong. Trees save us (i) — flood and many other natural (j) —. 20.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Barishal Board-2017] Sleep is one of (a) — most important factors (b) — human life. (c) — sound man cannot go (d) — sleeping. Sleep is (e) — healing medicine of the troubled (f) —. It relieves physical and mental pain. Night is the proper time of (g) —. But if (h) — man has to pass a sleepless night, he never feels well. He loses energy and peace of mind. As a result, he becomes indifferent (i) ----his (j) — and responsibilities. 21.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Chattogram Board 2017] A man of (a) — is respected always (b) — after his death for his (c) —. He is an (d)— person who devotes himself with a view to (e) — education in the society. He always (f) — people how to (g)— between right and wrong. (h) — fact, he is the authentic person (i) — world should (j)—. 22.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dinajpur Board 2017] Trees are (a) — to man in many ways. They provide us (b) — oxygen without which we cannot live more than a few minutes. They supply (c) — with vitamin and food, give us shade and help to (d) — drought and flood. Unfortunately, we cannot realize (e) — importance of trees, We cut them (f) —- in large numbers (g),— it is a suicidal attempt. (h) — we do not stop (i) ---- acts soon our country will, no doubt, turn (j) — a desert. SSC Examination-2016 all board questions 23.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dhaka Board-2016] Illiteracy ‘is not (a) — boon to us. It is undoubtedly a (b) —. It hinders all kinds (c) — development of a country. Illiteracy causes great (d) — to us. Since we are not (e) — of the gravity of the problem, we cannot take steps to increase our (f) — rate. As a result, we are (g) — behind. We have to depend (h) — the foreign aids. So, all should come forward (i) ----to remove illiteracy. Then, the (j) — of our country will be possible. 24.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Rajshahi Board-2016] Time is very (a) —. Time which is lost once, is lost forever. There is a proverb that time and tide (b) — for none. It is time which does not have any relative feelings. If it is not used (c) — one must suffer (d) — the long run. (e) — the other hand, we can go a long way (f)------ being realized of the value of time. Those who have become great, have made (g) — use of time. They never put (h) — their work (i) — tomorrow. As a result, they have (j) — top position in society. So, it is our duty to follow them. 25.Fill in the blanks with suitable words.[Cumilla Board-2016] Honesty is (a) — to be (b) — best policy. An honest man never (c) — from the path (d) — morality. He is (e) — by (f)--- but hated by (g) —. (h) — enemies believe and respect an (i) — and truthful man. So, it is our duty to remain honest (j) ---our life. 26.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Sylhet Board 2016] Housing is one of the (a) — problems of our (b) —. Thousands of people in big cities (c) ----Dhaka and Chattogram dwell (d) — the footpaths. In rural ,(e) — also there is (I) — acute shortage of houses. The cost of construction is (g) — everyday. At present it is very (h) — for the common people to afford (i) — cost of construction. This problem needs to be addressed (j) —. 27.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Chattogram Board 2016] An early (a)--- can enjoy (b)---fresh air and oxygen (c)--- the morning which refreshes both his body and mind. Moreover, he can finish his work early and as such he finds enough time to (d) ---his work properly. (e)--- the other hand, too much sleep makes (f)--- man dull and lazy. A man who gets up late, wastes a lot of time (g)--- sleep and idleness. He does not utilize time (h)--- doing his work properly. So, everyone should make (i) ---habit of early (j)---. 28.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dinajpur Board-2016] Robert Bruce was a famous king of Scotland. England was a great (a)---- of his kingdom. So was driven (b) — from his kingdom by the English. For this, he had to fight against (c) - English for the defence of his country and (d) — men. But he was (e)--- unfortunate fellow. He fought (f) — his kingdom several times but every time he was defeated. So, he was (g) —despair. One day while (h) — in a lonely cave, an incident drew his attention. He saw that a spider was trying to reach its target. Six times it tried and every time it failed. But it did not give (i) — its hope and finally at the seventh time, it was successful (j)— its attempt. SSC Examination-2015 all board questions 29.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Dhaka Board-2015;Dinajpur Board-2019] Scientists have (a) — reported that the surface ice caps are (b) —. This is due to a rise (c) — atmospheric temperature known (d) — the greenhouse effect. According to the scientists, carbon dioxide is primarily responsible (e) — temperature rise in (f) —. The carbon dioxide is high (g) — coal and oil (h) — burnt. The gas is accumulating in the atmosphere and (i) — temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice In the North and South poles ( j) — melting. 30.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Rajshahi Board-2015;Dhaka Board-2020] Modern civilization is the (a) — of science. Science has worked (b) — a magician in the world. We can’t do even a (c) — day without the help of science. Many quick means (d) — communication like telephone, telex, fax, telegram, satellite etc. are (e) — greatest wonders of science. Nowadays, a message can be sent from one corner to another in the twinkle of (f) — eye. Science has brought a revolutionary (g)---- in all fields. In the field of medical science (h) — has got eyes, lame has got legs, deaf has got hearing power. (i) — diseases which were incurable in the past are now easily (j) —. 31.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Barishal Board-2015] We live in an age of (a)---. We can see (b)--- influence of science in all spheres of life. Science is a constant (c)--- of our daily life. We have (d)---the impossible things possible by means (e) — science. The modern civilization is a (f) — of science. At present, we can (g) — travel from one place to another. (h) — ancient time, journey was difficult. (i) — had to spend much (j) — and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the greater welfare of mankind. 32.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Chittagong Board-2015] Bangladesh is a land of (a) —. It got (b)---in 1971 (c) — a Liberation War. It is located (d) — South Asia. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka is also known as the city of mosques. About 14 core people live here. Most of them are poor and (e) —. They earn their livelihood (f) — agriculture. But educated and skilled people work (g) ---offices and factories. Our main food is rice and fish. It is a country of beauty. Its flora and fauna attract everyone’s eyes. It is, in fact, (h)---large village. The people of Bangladesh are very (i) ---. There are many beautiful things here that attract the travellers and the (j)—. 33.Fill in the blanks with suitable words. [Sylhet Board-2015] Once there lived (a) — poor man. He could hardly maintain his family (b)---- he did not have any land (c) — cultivation. One day, he bought (d )---- wonderful goose. The goose laid a (e) — egg every day. In a few months, he became rich. But he was a (f) — greedy man. He thought that there (g) — more eggs in the belly of the goose. He wanted to get all the eggs (h) — a time. So, one day he killed the goose and cut its belly open with (I) — knife. But alas! there was no egg. Thus, the greedy farmer (j) — the useful goose. Without Clues Worksheet-4.0 Answer Answer: (a) blessing/gift (b) like (c) single (d) of (e) the (f) an (g) change (h) blind (i) Some/the (j) curable Answer: (a) endevour/effort (b) work (c) beginning (d) struggling (e) being/existence (f) vanished/lost (g) led/important/necessary (h) more/sufficient/always (i) than (j) successful Answer: (a) needs (b) necessary/important (c) enables/helps (d) increases (e) prepares (f) carries (g) with (h) notion (i) redefined: (j) merely. Answer: (a) an (b) the (c) a (d) ×/the (e) the (f) an (g) a (h) the (i) an (j) ×/the Answer: (a) great (b) for (c) to (d) creating/ through (e) want/due (f) of (g) but (h) if (i) loving (j) together Answer: (a) inherent (b) democracy/civilization (c) foremost (d) progress/improvement (e) development/betterment (f) protect/save/defend (g) performs (h) traitor (i) excessive/blind/narrow (j) cast/drop/stay Answer: a) from; b) an; c) from; d) the; e) production; f) only/about; g) land; h) of; i) farm /the; j) use Answer: (a) for; (b) going; (c) so that/that; (d) until/till; (e) with/hearing; (f) speedily/ quickly /fast; (g) about/going; (h) down; (i) buried; (j) for. Answer: (a) problems (b) cities (c) dwell (d) areas (e) shortage (f) increasing (g) difficult (h) common (i) afford (j) needs Answer: a) For; b) to; c) a; d) of; e) lessons /knowledge; f) written; g) to; h) reading; i) while /whereas; j) of/for Answer: (a) plays (b) moment (c) till (d) for (e) express (f) convey/send (g) necessary (h) ever (i) an (j) what. Answer: (a) produce/grow/cultivate (b) to (c) farmer (d) determination (e) big/vegetable (f) foreign (g) in (h) the (i) diet (j) export Answer: (a) a (b) in (c) problem/hazard (d) many /various/different (e) responsible (f) reckless/continuous /long/ non-stop (g) even (h) properly (i) without (j) major/important/noteworthy Answer: (a) an; (b) by (c) of; (d) a; (e) always (f) his; (g) of: (h) rare; (i) true/real: (j) own/ personal. Answer: (a) habit; (b) the; (c) one: (d) development; (e) on; (f) and; (g) but; (h) truthful; (i) of; (j) whole. Answer: (a) in; (b) an; (c) hard; (d) beginning; (e) text (f) without; (g) from; (h) of/over; (i) these; (j) an. Answer: (a) maker (b) division (c) accordingly (d) prosper (e) do (f) suffer (g) bound (h) life (i) dangerous (j) but Answer: (a) after; (b) this (c) construction (d) after; (e) over(f) a/the; (g) in; (h) fair/exhibition; (i) direction (j) the. Answer: (a) number (b) the; (c) it; (d) a (e) depend; (f) countries (g) in; (h) command (i) job (j) without Answer: (a)on (b) at (c) into (d) effect (c) an (f) agriculture (g) depends; (h) great (i) from; (j) calamities. Answer: (a) the; (b) in/of; (c) A: (d) without; (e) a; (f) mind; (g) sleep; (h) a; (i) to; (j) duties. Answer: (a) letters (b) even (c) works (d) honest (e) spreading (f) teaches (g)distinguish (h)In (i)whom (j) respect. Answer: (a) useful(b) with (c) us (d) prevent(e) the; (f) aimlessly (g) but (h) If; (i) such/these; (j) into. Answer: (a) a (b) curse (c) of (d) problems (e) aware (f) literacy (g) lagging (h) on (I) in order (j) prosperity Answer: (a) valuable (b) wait; (c) properly (d) in; (e) On; (f) by (g) proper/the; (h) off: (i) for; (j) reached. Answer: (a) said (b) the; (c) deviates (d) of (e) respected (f) all (g) nobody; (h) Even(i) honest; (j) in. Answer: (a) greatest (b) country (c) like (d) in (e) areas (f) an (g) increasing (h) impossible (i) the (j) soon Answer: (a) riser; (b) the; (c) in; (d) do/perform; (e) On; (f) a; (g) in; (h) by/for/in: (i) the; (j) rising. Answer: (a) enemy (b) away (c) the; (d) country (e) an; (f) for; (g) in; (h) lying (i) up; (j) at/in. Answer: (a) recently: (b) melting; (c) in; (d) as; (e) for; (f) atmosphere; (g) as; (h) are; (i) helping; (j) is. Answer: (a) blessing (b) like (c) single (d)of (e) the (f) an (g) change (h) blind (i) Some (j) curable Answer: (a) science; (b) the; (c) companion (d) made; (e) of; (f) gift (g) easily (h) in; (i) We (j) time Answer: (a) river/villages; (b) independence/ freedom (c) after: (d) in; (e) farmers/ illiterate; (f) on/by/with; (g) in; (h) a; (i) simple/peace loving/ friendly/ hospitable (j) tourists/ foreigners/visitors. Answer: (a) a; (b) because; (c) for/of; (d) a; (e) golden; (f) very; (g) were/would be; (h) at; (i) a; (j) lost

Universtiy Admission Test English For University Admission Tests Dhaka University A Unit/Ka Unit B Unit / Kha Unit C Unit / Ga Unit Private Universities in Bangladesh 1. Brac University Bangladesh www.bracuniversity.ac.bd 2. East West University Bangladesh www.ewubd.edu 3. Independent University bangladesh www.iub.edu.bd 4. North South University Bangladesh www.northsouth.edu 5. American International University Bangladesh www.aiub.edu 6. University of Asia Pacific Bangladesh www.uap-bd.edu 7. Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology www.aust.edu 8. Eastern University Bangladesh www.eastenruni.edu.bd 9. University of Liberal Arts www.ulab.edu.bd 10. State University of Bangladesh www.sub.edu.bd 11. United International University www.uiu.ac.bd 12. Daffodil University www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd 13. World University of Bangladesh www.wub.edu.bd 14. Dhaka International university www.diu-edu.net 15. European University of bangladesh www.eub.edu.bd 16. Asha University Bangladesh www.asaub.edu.bd 17. Stamford University Bangladesh www.stamforduniversity.edu.bd 18. Central Women’s University www.cwu.edu.bd

Paragraphs, Paragraphs for SSC, Paragraphs for HSC, Paragraphs for Examination, Paragraphs for examination Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences which deal with a central idea. The three major structural parts of a paragraph A paragraph has three major structural parts– 1. a topic sentence 2. supporting sentences/developer 3. a concluding sentence/terminator 1. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It names and limits the topic 2. Spporting sentences develop the topic sentence 3. The concluding sentence marks the end of the paragraph and often summarises or raises the key point of the paragraph. Classification of paragraphs: Listing Definition analysis - causal analysis comparison classification time space generalisation examples process analysis cause & effect contrast sequence , Paragraph of Listing In Paragraph of listing a detailed description is given about paragraph introducer. Here a list is given between paragraph developers and paragraph terminator. Key uses : to give a list of some thing Key words : first, second, third, then, next, after that, finally Example of Paragraph of Listing 1. Write a paragraph of listing on "The transports of Bangladesh". The transports of Bangladesh Transport is the means of conveying people, goods etc. from one place to another. There are three types of transport in Bangladesh. First, transports by land such as bus, train, track, car, taxicab ply on roads and streets. Second, transports by waterways like launch, boat, ship move on water. Third, transports by air like aircraft, aeroplane, spaceship fly in the sky. Transports play a very important role in developing our economic frame. There are public and private transports. Both transports earn huge money by carrying people, goods etc. This huge amount of money is used to support individual family and improve our communication system. But it is a matter of great regret that most of our transports are not modem and developed. Moreover, most of them are old and faulty. As a result, accidents often occur. Besides, there is a great crisis of transport in our country. Transports in Bangladesh cannot accommodate all the passengers. At this, their sufferings know no bound's. Therefore, steps should be taken to arrange more transports in our country. 2. Write a paragraph of listing on "Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development". Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development (1) The sentences in most well-written paragraphs may be analysed into four general functions. (2) First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. (3) Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraphs introducers. (4) Third, there are viewpoint or context modulators, which are sentences that provide a smooth transition between different sets of ideas. (5) Fourth, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner, (6) Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain some combination of these four sentence types. 3. Write a paragraph of listing on "Your Favourite Teacher". Your Favourite Teacher Mr. Ahmed is my favourite .teacher. He teachers us English. He is 30 with a good health. He has many rare qualities. First of all he is a brilliant scholar with a sound academic career. He is an M.A. in English. Secondly his method of teaching is very easy and lucid. Thirdly he has a strong, clear and pleasant voice. Everyday' .he teaches us in a new style. He can make any grammatical problem easy. He knows well how to increase the curiosity of the students. In the class room he is just like an English. Moreover, his pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. In his class he creates ari English environment. We never feel boring in his class. Rather we feel encouraged in his class. He is very well behaved and co-operative. He is never rude but friendly with his students. If any student fails to understand any grammatical problem, he then and there helps the students to understand it. He is very kind hearted to the poor students. Besides, he is honest, sincere and dutiful. He is very strict to law and to his principles. He has left a permanent impression in my mind. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. Paragraph Development by Time In Paragraph development by time description of something in respect of time. Many cases in this type of paragraph a past event is described. Key uses : to tell stories and incidents, to give a history or series of events, to give .step-by-step directions. Key factor : Use past tense Example of paragraph development by time 1. Write a paragraph of time on "Your School Life". My School Life My school life began at the age of six. It was very much eventful. In 2000 I attended the Primary Scholarship Exam. I came out successful and added name and fame to our family. In 2003 I also attended the Junior Scholarship Exam. This time also I did not disappoint myself, my family and my teachers to come out successful. In 2004 I was promoted to class IX. I took Humanities group because of the fact that was weak in Mathematics. In 2005 I was successfully promoted to class X. My parents and teachers began to feel proud of my glorious results. They were very much hopeful of my brilliant future. In 2006 I attended the SSC exam. After three months, results were announced. I did not fail to achieve my desired results. I obtained the highest grade, GPA 5. My parents, teachers, relatives, and well-wishers were very much satisfied at my brilliant results. Our school awarded every candidate who secured brilliant results. My father presented me a PC for the achievement of my glorious result. Now I am a first year student at HSC level. 2. Write a paragraph of time on "Aztec Civilization". Aztec Civilization The Aztecs were the last in a series of civilization in Mexico. Until the 13th century they were a tribe of wandering hunters, simple but hardy, who finally reached the shores of the lake on whose dried,-up bed the city of Mexico now stands. There they settled down on a small island and gradually absorbed the culture and way of life of their more civilized neighbours. Traditionally in A.D. 1325 (but actually, perhaps, considerably earlier) they founded their great capital, Tenchtitlan, enlarging their island artificially as the city increased in size. They were an extremely warlike people, and, first by alliances and then by warfare, they gradually extended their power all over Mexico and as far south as Guatemala. The full and final stage of their greatness had lasted barely fifty years when it was completely destroyed by the invasion of the Spaniards. With them the series of civilization ends in Mexico. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was born on 26th August, 1910. Her father's was an Albanian and he was a builder. She was born in Skopje in Macedonia. She was the third child of her parents. She was very polite and modest. She wanted to be a helping hand to the destitute. At the age of 18 she joined the order of the sisters of our lady of Loreto in Ireland. In 1928 she began her journey to India. In 1931 she began teaching at a Calcutta Girls' School. To make her vision fruitful she founded 'Nirmal Hriday' in 1952. In .1953 she started an orphanage. Then she set up a missionary too. The missionary helped the wounded, the diseased and the helpless.. In 1957 she and her missionaries of charity began working with the helpless. She continued all her programmes with the fund she collected from the charity of some wealthy people. As a recognition of her work she got Nobel. Prize in 1979. She breathed her last on 5th September 1997 at the age of 87, At her death, the world lost a great woman. Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus was born in 1940 in Chittagong, the business centre of Eastern Bangladesh, He was the third of 14 children. Educated in Chittagong, he was awarded a full bright scholarship and he received his Ph. D from Vanderbilt University, in U.S.A. In 1972 he became head of the Economics department at Chittagong University. He is the founder and Managing Director of the Grameen Bank. In 1997, Professor Yunus organised the world's first Micro Credit Summit in Washington D. C. Professor Yunus is an economist. He planned to alleviate poverty from the World. He introduced microcredit system among a limted number of poor people and his plan worked. Then he set up a bank, Grameen Bank. Through this bank he worked for the poor and gave financial support to make them self-employed. His prograthmes succeeded and thousands of poor, powerless people could escape from poverty. They trusted Yunus *as a helping hand and he was trusted to be a famous name. His micro-credit brought wealth to the underpriviledged of many nations. Paragraph Development by Space (Space order) In Paragraph development by space more importance is given to appearance, manner, location and spatial order. Key uses : to describe people, places, and things Key words : Shady, gossip not only but also, besides. Examples of Paragraph development by space 1. Write a paragraph of space on "Your College Campus". My College Campus The name of my college is Summit Public College. It is located at Monpura in Satkhira. It has a spacious campus. There are three faculties in our campus. They are arts, science and commerce faculties. There is a large play ground in front of the faculties. There is a flower garden beside the science faculty. When the flowers bloom, environment looks very romantic. Sweet scent spreads everywhere. There are many trees on both sides of our campus. At this, our campus always remains shady. Air blows and makes our campus heavenly. Our campus is not only rich in natural beauties but also modernised with infrastructural facilities. There are three separate common rooms, libraries, computer and science laboratories. There are 90 classrooms for two thousand students. There are three teachers' waiting rooms and offices. There is a large canteen in our college campus. Going there, we take light refreshment and have snack. Sometimes gossip there with one another and while away our leisure period. Besides, we play different types sports in our college campus and pass time interestingly. In fact, we are very much proud of convenient campus. 2.. Write a paragraph of space on "The Inca Construction". The Inca Construction The Incas showed great skill in the construction without machinery of roads, aqueducts, and reservoirs, suspension bridges, and other public works. Two main roads ran from north to south. In some places they were paved or raised on causeways, in others hewn out of the solid rock; their excellence excited the admiration of the Spaniards. The Incas also showed great ingenuity in the vast system of terraces which they built with much labour along the steep slopes of the valleys for the cultivation of their crops, and which are still in use. For solidity of construction the walls of their fortresses and temples surpass anything ever achieved elsewhere. With extraordinary skill they handled huge blocks of hard stone, such as granite, weighing many tons, cutting them into irregular shapes with many angles, and then fitting them accurately together like the pieces of a jig-saw puzzle. These walls are practically indestructible, and have resisted the shocks of earthquakes for centuries. Many of them still form the foundations of Spanish buildings in Cuzco to-day. The Incas had discovered the art of casting bronze, but the chisels which were made from this alloy were not hard enough to cut the tough rock used in some of their buildings, and these must have been shaped with stone tools. However, the ruins of the Inca construction still show their extraordinary skill in engineering. Paragraph of Examples/ Paragraph Development by Detail In Paragraph of example description of a topic with explanation is given with examples. Key words : for example, for instance 1. Write a paragraph of example on "The Success of Bangladesh". The Success of Bangladesh Under the umbrella of success, many things came. For example, in 1952 the West Pakistan wanted to snatch away Bangla, the language of our heart to establish Urdu as a state language. But our brave sons did not allow them to materialize their aim and objective. For their great sacrifice we have established our mother tongue Bangla. Secondly, in 1971 we achieved independence. Bangladesh got success in various fields also. She got chance in the World Cup Cricket and defeated many strong teams like Pakistan, India, West Indies, South Africa, Zimbabwe and created coruscation throughout the world. Illiteracy is getting removed and the percentage of education is increasing. Dr. Yunus who won Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 brought tremendous honour for Bangladesh. Anti-corruption campaign is going on and corruption is getting uprooted as the corrupt are being punished and penalized. Democratization is being materialized and development programmes and projects are being actualised. People of our country are being self-employed and poverty is being alleviated. So the success of Bangladesh in various fields is vivid. Write a paragraph of example on "Social Concerns in Modern Literature". Social Concerns in Modern Literature Modern literature in most countries deals with real social issues. For example, many contemporary novels of Africa and India depict the lives of ordinary people struggling against adversity. Furthermore, poetry from South America and North America speaks out against social and economic oppression. In still another instance, modern European drama enacts the fate of the working man in his drab confrontation with life. Even films, popular songs, and folk drama from all around the world, tell the story of the little man and his battle against the giants of impersonal corporations, remote governments, or aggressive neighbouring nations. It is clear from these limited examples that contemporary literature in many parts of the world deals with the social issues of the day. Air Pollution Air pollution means the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man can not live a single moment without air. But we donot think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. The another example is that railway engines, power houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Moreover, buses .trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. Furthermore, the most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Again serious air pollution also occurs in big- cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying the street everyday. Sometimes men in big industrial area become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. Definition Paragraph In definition paragraph the first step is to give the definition of the term or topic and then you should give the explanation of the term by illustration, example comparison Uses : to make clear the meaning of a word, to explore what a thing is, or to give a new, original meaning of a word. Example Definition paragraph I. Write a definition paragraph on "Democracy". Democracy Democracy is the rule of people. It is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. It is the government where everybody can share in political arena. In this form of government people are the source of all power. They can elect their representatives and help them to form government. On the contrary, they can also reject them if they feel it necessary. Here people can enjoy almost all the civic rights, and privileges. They have freedom of speech. They can expose their views through different mass media like radio, television, newspaper. But there are some specific defects in democracy. Aristotle says that it is the government of the ignorant. As the ignorant rulers rule here, meritorious persons are devaluated. The majority of people are oppressed. The majority of people become victorious in all sections. The proverb 'might is right' is existing here. As there are many parties in. a democratic country, the results of election are not obeyed easily. So there is the feasibility of holding frequent election. And then huge amount of money is wasted. Nevertheless, democracy has gained much popularity in the modern world. 2. Write a definition paragraph on "The Definition Paragraph". The Definition Paragraph A definition paragraph describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term by relating that which is unknown to that which is already known. It makes use of the techniques of comparison, contrast, and synthesis often in combination. More specifically, a definition paragraph may be developed by using comparison sentences that show that an unknown term, is the same as or like some known term. Or it may be developed by using contrast sentences that show that au unknown term, though similar in some respects, is basically unlike some known term. Or it may be developed by bringing together the appropriate like and unlike characteristics of two or more terms to form a new concept, or synthesis. In any case, a given definition paragraph, whether developed by comparison, contrast, or synthesis, or some combination of these, normally ends with a sentence that summarizes the distinctive features of the term being defined. Democracy Democracy is a system of government by all the people of a country, usually through the representatives whom they elect, as allowing freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment of each other by citizens without social class divisions. In fact it's the system of governing the country according to people's will. In a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre-condition of democracy. As a matter of fact, democracy is the right of the people to speak equal rights. They enjoy the rights of food, cloth, shelter, education, medical treatment and other facilities. People are the source of power, that is, possess the absolute power in a democratic country. Abraham Lincoln, the late president of the USA, defines democracy as "Government of the people, by the people and for the people." In a, true sense of democracy the majority party should form a coalition with the main opposition party and work together in democracy. Moreover, good relations with neighbouring country, liberty of newspaper, free judicial system are the essential conditions for democracy. But in some cases the ruling party in coalition with minor parties forms the government which causes anarchy. On the other hand, the main opposition party in coalition with some minor parties is engaged in destructive criticism and collision. Ours is a democratic country. Let -us hope we will stride ahead with our unity towards a brighter tomorrow. Snatching Snatching refers to snatching away money or- ornaments or valuable things from passers-by and passengers by using force or at gun point. Everyday we find the news of many snatchings in all the dailies of our country. It seems that the snatchers are the monarchs of all they survey. So it has become very risky to move alone in the road. If the snatchers do not find anything valuable with the person they attack, he or she is either stabbed or killed. They use knives, bombs, guns or any kind of weapon. Though the victim cries for help, the nearby people or the police force do not go forward to help the victims. If the snatchings face any kind of trouble, they explode bombs or shoot, create panic and disperse people and safely they make their way after snatching. There are many reasons behind snatching. Firstly our socio-economic condition is the root cause of snatchings. Again those who are addicted in gambling, drinking and drug taking do it to manage money for their addiction. It is a great problem for our country. So stern action and necessary measures should be taken to set punishment for the snatchers so that people can move freely and easily. Paragraph Development by Analysis In paragraph by analysis a topic is analyzed in different parts such as -topic introducer, paragraph introducer, paragraph terminator \s context modulator ,letterhead, heading, inside address, aiterition line, subject line, salutation, body, signature block, post scripts, signature, writer's identification, initials, enclosures, distribution list etc. Example Paragraph by analysis I. Write a paragraph by analysis on "The person you like most". The Person I Like Most The person whom I like most is my father. My father's name is Emtazuddin Ahmed. He is a. graduate. Professionally he is a police officer. As a police officer he is very honest. He does not take any unfair means to render his service. He does not compromise with the criminals. Rather he takes them under prosecution. He has been rewarded several times for his achievement in lessening crime and corruption. Though my father is very busy, he manages ample time to share with family. He always takes whereabouts of my education. He is very expert in English. In his leisure he teaches me English. And so I always do well in English examination. Father is very much devoted to God. He says prayers five times a day. He also encourages me to say prayer. And I follow his advice to the letter. Father also takes whereabouts of our relatives. If anyone falls in crisis, he tries his best to help him/her. My father is a very simple person. He never feels proud of himself. He always says to me that pride goes before fall. He is really a good person. 2. Write a paragraph by analysis on "Writing as a Profession". Writing as a Profession Writing is a whole time job. The author does not only write when he is at desk; he writes all day long when he is thinking, when he is reading, when he is experiencing; everything he sees and feels is significant to his purpose and, consciously or unconsciously, he is forever storing and making over his impressions. He cannot give an undivided attention to any other calling. To write must be the main object of the author's life; that is to say, he must be a professional writer. He is lucky if he has sufficient fortune to make him independent of his earnings, but this does not prevent him from being a professional writer. Swift with his deanery, Wordsworth with his sinecure, were just as much professional writers as Balzac and Dickens. The Cause and Effect Paragraph In cause and effect paragraph causes and effects of any problem is given. Water Population Water, an important element of the human environment, is essential for human and plant life. It is next to air. Water can be polluted in many ways. First of all farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticide in their fields to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with river water, canal water and pond water. Secondly mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste_ materials and unsold products into the rivers and canals. Thirdly steamers, motor launches and even sail boats can pollute.water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Moreover, unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. Besides the kutcha drains running into the rivers and canals cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use and polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. First of all we should make the people aware of the fact that water is next to air. It is called life. So fertilizer, chemicals and pesticide should not be allowed to mix with river water, canal water and pond water. Mills and factories should not throw the waste materials and Unsold products into rivers and canals. Steamers, motor launches and even sail boats should not throw off, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside should not be built on the banks of the rivers and canals. In fine awareness should be created in the public. Paragraph Development by Comparison In Paragraph of comparison we usually compare two or more different things Key transition words : Likewise, Similarly, In the same way, .also ...., ...., too. .... the same , .... the same as ...., .... just as ...., .... can be compared with .... . Examples of paragraph by comparison . Write a paragraph by comparison on "School and College . School and College Both school and college are educational institutions. School is such an academic center where students are taught rudimentary knowledge. But college is such an educational institution where students are provided with higher education. The management of a school is not so liberal as that of a college. But school teachers should he more careful of their responsibilities than college teachers. College teachers just deliver their lecture and leave classroom. On the contrary, school teachers have to take every whereabouts of their students. They are to be cautious of their studies, behaviour, association, -nature and so on. But college teacher are careless of these facts. They think that students here are freer. They have the freedom to exercise their sense and sensibility. School teachers strictly guide their students. But college teachers loosely control their students. In a college students can widen their outlook and orientation. But in a school they can not do' so. In a college students have the opportunities to broaden their mind and mentality. But in a school students can't do so for some restrictions. In fact, students in a college enjoy more than those in a school. Write a paragraph by comparison on "From Paragraph to Essay". From Paragraph to Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic focus. Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator-whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation-ends the paragraph. *i.,,., The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion : the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modem creative writing, most well written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure. Paragraph Development by Contrast A contrast paragraph labels the differences between two persons, places, or things. Once all of the information for the paragraph is obtained one must organize it in one of these two ways: • Option One: First present all of the points of one subject, and then contrast the points with all of the information about the other subject. This is a good way to organize the information of a short paragraph because the reader can readily recall the first points that are stated. • Option Two: Make a point about the first subject and then contrast it with a point from the other subject. Alternating between points. This is a good option for longer paragraphs because the reader does not have to search for the contrasted point. Key words : but; yet, however, in contrast, although, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless, unlike, whereas. 1. Write a paragraph by contrast on "Democracy and Autocracy". Democracy and Autocracy Democracy is the rule of people. But autocracy is the government by an autocrat. In a democratic country people are the source of all power. In an autocratic country an autocrat is the possessor of absolute power and position. There are many opposition parties in a democratic country. But in an autocratic country there is only one party. People can enjoy the freedom of speech, can expose merit, views and opinions in a democratic country. On the contrary, in an autocratic government, public freedom of speech is strictly controlled. Here other opinions and principles are not sustained. In a democratic government tolerance is kept. But there is want, of tolerance in an autocratic government. There is a feasibility of holding frequent election in a democratic country. On the contrary, frequent election is not held in an autocratic government. Evaluating public opinions, democratic country is led and governed. On the contrary, an autocrat leads and governs his country willfully. So, at present, democratic government is more popular than autocratic government. 2. Write a paragraph by contrast on "The Objective Test and the Essay Exam". The Objective Test and the Essay Exam The objective test and the essay exam are two contrasting methods of evaluation commonly used to measure a student's grasp of subject matter. The objective test usually consists of a large number of unrelated questions that require the student to demonstrate mastery of details. It often leads to rote memorization of isolated facts during the pre-test period of study. Since the questions on the objective test are presented in true-false or multiple choice form, the student may be encouraged to guess answers for which he has no accurate knowledge. The essay exam, on the other hand, usually consists of a few broadly stated questions that require the student to organise his responses in essay form. Such questions force the student to give proof of his ability to handle general concepts. This type of exam also relies on factual information, but there is far greater necessity for the student to demonstrate analytical and compositional skills. Mere guessing at answers is reduced to a minimum. Although the objective test and the essay exam have similar goals the assessment of a student's academic achievement the techniques and very often the results) of the two types of examination differ significantly. Differences between Bangladeshi and Western Music Each and every country has its own culture. They can't be superseded by the culture of another country. So, its quite natural that there are some basic differences between Bangladeshi and Western music. The differences are very much distinct. In theme and melody, our songs are pole apart from western music. Our songs especially the Nazrul Sangeet, Rabindra Sangeet, traditional songs are very much graceful and refined. But the Western music is very much vulgar. Musical instruments are used more in the Western music. On the other hand ours are melodious and musical instruments are used less. The western singers use metalic sound, whereas we don't. The significant difference is that individual love is the theme of Western-music. That love is only the love of the lovers. On the contrary the theme of our song is also love but it's quite different from the Western music. Love as the theme of our song is for lovers, for parents, for our motherland and last of all for Allah: The western song has hardly any appeal. In contrast our song has a great appeal and ittouches our heart. In a word, a country can't sacrifice her own identity and culture with another country. The cultural differences were in the past, have. been in the present and will be in the future. Eating Habit of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh The rural people in Bangladesh usually_ have their meals in the morning, at noon and at night. The urban people also take three meals a day. But there are some differences in their eating habits. Rural people are in the habit of eating heavy meal. The rural people eat more. On the contrary the urban people do not depend on heavy food. They also eat less than the rural people. The rural people usually eat rice and gur or rice with some other food items for breakfast. They eat much because they work in the fields. They do not eat anything before lunch. They also eat chira, khai and muri at breakfast. On the other hand the urban people take bread vegetables etc. Again some take parata and egg and some take loaves and banana. Those who are old take little breakfast. The rural people usually eat rice and one or two.curries fof lunch. They can't bear the expenses of so many items like the urban people. The urban people `are used to taking eat, rice, curry, fish, vegetables, meat, dal etc. for lunch. Sometimes polao or biriani is cooked on occasions. The dinner of the rural people is just like the lunch. By contrast the dinner items of the urban people are like the lunch items. But nowadays urban people take their main meal at night returning their residence after evening. The urban people also take fast food like burger, sandwiches, noodles, pizza, . pototo chips, vegetables rolls etc. They also eat Thai or Indian or Chinese food. A change is also noticed in drink habit of the urban people. In urban_ area people take ice cream and soft drinks as drink. However, there are some differences in the food habit and meal times . of the rural and the urban people in Bangladesh. Paragraph Development by Comparison & Contrast Uses : to show how two people, places or things are alike or different in order to describe either one more fully. In this type of paragraph both similarities and dissimilarities should be included in the topic sentence. You are to use specific linkers here. is similar to the other hand both however also but too in contrast as well differs from while unlike Similarities and Differences between the Patterns of Eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh There are some similarities and differences between the patterns of eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh but the differences between them are greater. The food habit and meal times of the rural people of the two countries are same. The main meal of the people of Bangladesh is the lunch. Whereas, dinner is the main meal of the British. The British usually have cereal, toast and tea or coffee for their breakfast. On the contrary in Bangladesh the people of the rural areas eat rice and the urban people eat bread, banana, parata, chapati eggs etc. for their breakfast. Though we have got no special meal during a week, on occasions special meals are arranged. In Britain Sunday lunch is the most important meal of the week when a cooked meal is served at midday instead of in the evening and the whole family eats together. In our country specially the rural people eat heavy meals at noon, but in Britain lunch can be a light meal of sandwiches or fruit. Before going to bed the people in Britain have a hot drink like tea or coffee with -biscuits but people in our country are not in the habit of taking these things before going tp bed. OtT'the otherhand today a few people in the towns and cities take a cup of tea or coffee before going to bed. However differences are more than the similarities. Islam and Christianity Islam and Christianity are two of the major religions of the world. Though the two religions are different from one another, they share several basic beliefs and practices. The people of the two religions pray to the same deity whom the Muslims call Allah and the Christian God. The Muslims have a holy book the Quran. In the same way the Christians have a holy book the Bible. The Muslims read the holy Quran to gain religious knowledge. They try not only to mould their characters but also to lead their lives according to the guidelines of the holy Quran. Likewise the Christians also read the Bible to gain religious knowledge and try to lead their lives on the basis of the knowledge of the Bible. The holy Quran is the complete code of life for the Muslims of the whole world. In the same way the Bible is the complete code of life for the Christians. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) is the Prophet of the Muslims. In the same manner Jesus Christ is the Prophet of the Christians. All the Muslims believe in the holy Quran, in the sayings of the holy Prophet and in the five pillars of Islam. The Muslims also believe that Islam is their religion. Similarly the Christians believe the sayings of Jesus Christ and the ten commandments. The Muslims believe in the final judgment day. The Christians also have the same faith. Besides, there are many other similarities between the people of two religions. My Father and Mother My father and mother share a lot of similaries. Both of them come of respectable families. They hail from the same district. Both of them are educated. Similarly they want us to be highly educated. My father is a service holder. My mother is a doctor and she works in a hospital. They are sincere to their professions. Both of my parents love me and my brothers and sisters. They are very affectionate and advise us on what to do and what not to do. They possess many good qualities. They are soft-spoken, witty, pious and mild in their behaviour. They go to their offices in the morning and return home in the evening. They like travelling very much. Whenever they get time, they take us to various places of _scenic beauty and places of historical interest. Both of them spend their leisure by watching TV. They also like music. They can also sing well. My father likes modern song while my mother likes Nazrul song. We relish varieties of dishes at home - thanks to my mother's cooking skill and father's encouragement. To me my father and mother are great and I am proud of them. Paragraphs written by students with the teacher's comments A ACCOMMODATION PROBLEM IN DHAKA CITY Our capital city, Dhaka, has become the centre place of all trade and commerce, better education, better treatment and better living. Thousands of industries have been set up here to boost up the economy and provide jobs to millions. The standard of living and education facilities are also relatively high. All this leads to the flocking of people to Dhaka from other corners of the country in search of job, for better education or for better standard of living. There are all kinds of people here -- rich businessmen, office clerks, labourers and even beggars. The last census shows that at present the population of Dhaka is over 1 crore which is certainly much more than holding capacity of the city. This has given rise to many problems among which the accommodation problem is the most acute. The migrated people are facing problems to pay such a high rent for their houses. Moreover, the number of houses is less than that of people. Though the well-off people can find shelter in the apartments of high rise buildings, the lower middle-class and the poor people face serious problems in this regard. Again the high rise apartments have appeared to be a new trend in solving the accommodation problem in Dhaka city. Due to scarcity of space, there is a growing need of apartment among the citizens. The property developers are also competing one another to make higher edifices. Though these apartments look posh having all amenities, they are very expensive and beyond the reach of the middle class buyers. They are also putting pressure on the existing infrastructure of the city. Moreover, these high rise buildings can be death-trap since Bangladesh is an earthquake prone country. In opposite to these happy dwellers of the apartments we see thousands of poor people passing their lives in the open streets of Dhaka. If one walks through the streets of Dhaka, one will see countless people sleeping in line on the pavements, over bridges, railway station. The vendors are sleeping in their baskets, the rickshaw pullers on their rickshaws. Some lucky people can find shelter in the slums though the life is abominable there. These street people are from the villages who have come to Dhaka in search of work. Though these people are leading a distressed life, they seem not to care about it as they work hard all day long and enjoy sound sleep at night. But the situation is worse for the middle class because they can neither live in costly apartments nor on the streets. None thinks of them. Even the government can hardly find any solution to their accommodation problem. Hence concerted efforts are needed to solve the accommodation problem in the city of Dhaka. ACID RAIN Nowadays environment pollution is one of the most talked of topics all around the world. Because, environment pollution causes various disasters to human life. Acid rain is one of them. Acid is a chemical compound, usually a liquid. Acids are usually sour and can burn or damage things they touch. Acid corrodes things. Acid pollution spoils the colour of paint, weakens leather and washes away building materials. Acid pollution can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings etc. When acid instead of water falls from the sky, it is called acid rain. Acid rain contains harmful chemicals. Substances called acids have a sharp taste known as acidity. Ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic. But in severely polluted areas rain can be as acidic as the acids of lemon juice or vinegar. This rain which is very acidic can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings and human health. There is a link between acid rain and damage to human health. Breathing in the chemicals can harm people causing chest illness. Also, when acid rain causes the release of chemicals and metals into drinking water it can damage people’s health. The acid rain that falls on earth mingles with natural water. We get our drinking water from this natural water. Thus our drinking water is affected by acid rain. The acid rain has an adverse reaction on stained glass windows because it fades the colour of glass. In a word acid rain is very harmful. We should take all necessary steps to keep our environment sound and health. Acid Rain Rain water that pours down mixing with acidic substances is known as a acid rain. Acid rain contains various harmful chemical elements created by mills, factories, brick fields, power houses, buses and rail-engines. Acid rain has a sharp taste of acid. The indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in mills. factories and power houses is the root cause of acid rain. Our ignorance regarding our duties to the environment and main kind is another root cause of acid pollution. The bad effect of acid rain is very dangerous/severe/alarming. Today it has become the global problem. It is very harmful to wild life, trees and forests. As a result it causes imbalance in the environment. It also does a great harm to buildings. It damages the building materials and washes any colour of paints of the building. Owing to acid rain the buildings lose their straight and they gradually collapse. Acid rain also harms the world famous Taj Mahal and the costly buildings which are mainly made of glass. In order to control acid rain, developed awareness must be created, the random and the wide-spread use of various toxic chemicals must be checked. If we fail to control the wide-spread use of toxic chemical, the wild life, trees and environment will be endangered seriously. In a word, our exist on earth and many other historical structure are the victim of acid pollution will be hampered surely The Danger of Acid Violence Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. ADULT LITERACY Illiteracy is a curse for a nation. It is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh. To educate the illiterate mass is called adult literacy. This programme views to giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people. Its main aim is to make them aware and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing necessary calculations which are very much needed in practical life. Illiterate people do not know what is right and what is wrong and are not conscious of their rights and duties. So, to make responsible citizen adult literacy is necessary. Without adult literacy we are unable to control population explosion. In order to develop our country in all respects adult literacy is a must. To remove this illiteracy steps should be taken by the government. Opening night schools at every village should be made compulsory. The poor people should be supplied with all the items which are necessary for learning. For this all of us have come to come forward and to work in collaboration with the government. AFFORESTATION Since the dawn of civilisation man has a close relation with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. And trees are the integral part of nature. They are the gifts of nature. Trees give us oxygen. It saves the soil from erosion. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, afforestation is an urgent. ‘Afforestation’ means planting more and more trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in villages. People must be convinced of the need of afforestation. It is the duty of all of us to maintain balance between man and nature for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. Arsenic Pollution Arsenic pollution has become one of the talked topics of our country at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. Arsenic is a poisonous chemical element mixed with water. This poisonous element is found in ground water, such as tube-well water. In different countries, arsenic contamination in water supplies is known to have been caused by dissolving geological deposits which naturally occur from industrial discharges and from uses of pesticides. If a man drinks arsenic contaminated water, he is affected by disease and after many days the symptoms are found. The disease caused by arsenic is known as arsenicosis. Poisoning by arsenic is slow process. It damages the kidneys, the liver, the skin and even the nerves system of body. Long term poisoning might cause also death of the sufferers. Many people in our country are suffering from arsenicosis and many more are being affected everyday. For the prevention of arsenicosis, we should drink only arsenic-free water. Besides this, we have to eat a healthy and balanced diet. To ensure supply of arsenic-free water, we should sink deep tube-wells. Water treatment plant should be established in the rural areas and the arsenic contaminated tube-wells should be identified by red colour. We should remember that arsenic poison cannot be removed by boiling or filtering water. So, all of us should be conscious of arsenic poison and should be careful about using water. It is a hopeful matter that various agencies in the health and water sector such as NIPSOM, DPHE, BWDB and others have begun sampling well-water and looking for medical symptoms as evidence of arsenic contamination and its affected area and they are trying to solve the problem. ARSENIC POLLUTION In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. DANGERS OF ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. Adopting unfair means in the examination The adoption of unfair means in the examination means copying in the examination. It does not simply mean copying from books etc. Inside the hall, it includes any sort of malpractice in or outside the hall to succeed in the examination. It is one of the signs of other degenerating conditions existing in out society. Many students without preparing lessons waste their valuable time in gossiping, roaming, playing, travelling etc. As a result they are compelled to adopt unfair means in the hall. By adopting unfair means a student frustrates the very purpose of the examination. Merely committing to memory and vomiting it in the examination halls cannot determine the merit of a student. In order to solve copying in the examination the govt. has taken some preventive measures. First of all the govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media. Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying in the examination hall, she/he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any invigilator is found helping any examiner, legal action will be taken against her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examiner in copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the examination centers and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall condition of the examination center. The very system of education should be changed. Above all the government, the teachers, the guardians, the students, the intellectuals, the politicians and all the conscious sections of the country should come forward to tackle the problem. Air Pollution Air is the most important element of human environment. All biological organisms require air for breathing. But nowadays air is being polluted gradually. Air pollution is very acute in towns and cities. This pollution is caused by industrialization and urbanization. Air is seriously polluted by the factories and vehicles. This polluted air is inhaled by humans and plants. As a result we are falling prey to various diseases. The industries are located in populated areas. So, the noxious gas easily finds a place in the urban homes. Burning petrols and diesels of the vehicles and indiscriminate discharge of the human waste are also causing serious air pollution. Respiratory illness, deafness, blindness and many incurable diseases are the after effects of air pollution. Sometimes leakages of poisonous gas cause sudden death. Air pollution is also causing decay of Ozone layer. Today it has led to a new environment catastrophe. We must take adequate measures to prevent air pollution. Otherwise our health as well as our future generation will be at stake. AIR POLLUTION “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase but many of us realise that this has become irrelevant in today’s world, because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. In the recent years, some environment-friendly measures have helped us clearing up much of the visible elements of air pollution but air pollution still can be deadly even if we can’t see it. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air. Man makes fire to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, power-houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. The most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying on the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial areas become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. It causes lung diseases and cancer. Clean air is essential for life. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. To complement regulations imposed by the government, our combined effort is also needed to diminish air pollution.[The introductory two sentences can be excluded or altered if necessary.] Air Pollution Today air pollution has become one of the serious problems in our country. At present- it is a global problem too. Pollution free- environment is the pre-condition for our decent and long life on earth. But now our environment is being severely polluted in many ways. Air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without pure and fresh air. But polluted air is very harmful to life. Air is polluted in many ways. It is smoke which is the main culprit of air pollution. Mills, factories, power houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke all the year round. The black smoke pollutes our air drastically Motor and water vehicles also produce a lot of smoke and fume which cause acute air pollution. Cooking food and the burning down of forests, over-population, illiteracy and civic unawareness are also the major causes of -air pollution. The adverse effect of air pollution is very dangerous. It causes various fatal respiratory diseases. These fatal diseases take away/snatch away a lot of valuable lives every year. Air pollution causes serious ecological imbalance. And ecological imbalance causes various natural disasters which damage our lives, properties, crops, forests and wild animals. In order to control air pollution public awareness must be raised. illiteracy must be wiped out , and population problem must be solved lead-free fuel must be used and burnt oil should be avoided to lessen air pollution. Air pollution must, be controlled in order to ensure our happier, healthier and longer life. Adolescence Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in one’s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which occurs after childhood and before adulthood. The duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. It is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV. The use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently than adults. Adolescents depend on their families, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they face and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Parents, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A teacher is the philosopher guide of a nation. She is an idol to her students. All her activities and performances are often followed and imitated by her students. Hence her life style is an ideal one. She is to maintain a routined life for her daily activities. She passes all through a busy day with the exception on holidays. Everyday she is to get up early in the morning. Then she prepares herself and the other younger members of the family for their respective outgoing purpose. After taking breakfast she sends her children to school and she herself goes out for school. In time she arrives at school. So she can get some preparations and photocopying done for the students. She does playground duty as parents deliver their children. She supervises the school assembly. Then she starts classes. In her scheduled classes she delivers lectures and imparts education very cordially. Attending to two or three consecutive classes, she becomes tired. Hence she needs a break. In the leisure hour she takes her tiffin in the staff room. Again she attends to one or two classes till the last bell rings. Then she reaches home. Having wash, she takes her lunch with other members of the family. After that she takes rest for some time. In the evening she cooks for family. She does her lesson plans and preparations for the next day. She spends some time for watching television or enjoying music. Then she takes her supper and goes to bed. Thus she passes her regular day with full of activities. A Day Labourer Everything is possible by means of labour. Without it, nothing can be done or achieved. A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of his brow. He may work as a sweeper, a black-smith, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant or a porter. His service is, no doubt, essential for the country. Still now a day labourer is very poor. He lives from hand to mouth. He has no fixed income. If he works daily, he gets wages. During the rainy days, he finds no work and he has to starve along with his family. He can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He works in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields and even in games and sports for overall prosperity of a country. He builds houses, sky-scrapers, but he himself lives in slums. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He brings mineral from the bottom of the earth. Thus he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. Though he works hard all day long, he lives in misery and want. So, everyone of us should try heart and soul to improve the lot of these day labourers. If we are sympathetic with them, they will be benefited. Annual Cultural Function of our school Annual cultural function of a school is a ceremony, where different cultural programmes are arranged and performed by the students. The last annual cultural function of our school held on 3rd August, 2006. It is still fresh in my memory we decorated our school premises with colourful papers and banners. In the auditorium we embellished the stage with flowers, festoons and ballons of different colours. Honourable D.C of our district had consented to preside over the accasion. Honourable Education Minter, the chief guest, was accorded guard of honour by the B.N.C of our school. The ceremony began at 10 am. with the recitation of some verses from Holy Quran. I and one of my classmates announced the scheduled programme as a presenter after the national anthem. After that the performances of the students started. Someone danced, Someone song and someone recited poems. There was also some group performances like mime-show and drama. Our class had been chosen to put on a play. I was also acted in that play. Ours was the last performance. The cheering crowd greeted each performance with applause. The function ended with an encouraging, complimentary and educative speech of the chief guest. At last our headmaster thanked the chief guest and other guest for their kind presence. I felt very excited there and I still feel joy when I remember that day. I wish to have the day again and again. Arranging books in a library A library is a room or building where we can read various types of books, journals, periodicals etc. and satisfy our thirst for knowledge. All of the books in a library are organized in some categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their classes. There are two systems for organizing books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the Library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under the Dewey Decimal System, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For instance, Science is assigned with numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called call number. However, in this way books are arranged ip a library. A library can offer us immense knowledge. So, we should visit a library regularly to enrich our depth of knowledge. A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common figure in our agricultural land. A day labourer is a man who lives by unskilled and manual works. He usually lives in a slum or in a small hut. He has no good house of his own. He is a very laborious and strong bodied man. He lives from hand to mouth. He gets up at dawn After taking some stale rice lie goes out of doors in search of work .He works from dawn to dusk. He gets his wages at the end of the day. Then he goes to market. buys daily goods and returns home. He usually works in the agriculture or in the construction fields. Generally he wears old and dirty clothes. He works both in fair and rough weather. His income is very poor. He has to starvewith his family, when he finds no work. He lives below extreme poverty line. He looks older than his age . He hardly enjoy peace and happiness in life. He leads a very sorrowful and miserable life .In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. He is unable to educate his children owing to acute poverty. Inspite of unhappy life, he feels happy because he leads an honest life. Our agriculture, construction works and development activities can not be thought of without his honest labour. In fact, a day labourer is our real friend but he has no dignity ('jolts' Cam) and love in bur society. Necessary steps should be adopted to improve his wheels of lot for our greater interest. A DICTIONARY Dictionary is listing of the words of a language, usually in alphabetical order but sometimes also by topic, with their meanings or their equivalents. A dictionary may also contain pronunciations, syllabications, etymologies (word histories), and examples of usage. The term dictionary is also applied to any systematic list of special terms such as abbreviations, slang, or etymology, or to a list in which the special terms of a particular subject are defined. Some dictionaries focus on particular subjects, such as science, biography, geography, mathematics, history, or philosophy. Some dictionaries are called encyclopedic, because they not only define words but also offer additional descriptive and explanatory information and identify many biographical and geographical names. A famous encyclopedic dictionary is the French 19th-century dictionary-encyclopedia the Grand dictionnaire universel, compiled by Pierre Athanase Larousse. The greatest such American work is the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, edited by American linguist William Dwight Whitney. The earliest known dictionaries were kept in the Mesopotamian city of Elba. These clay tablets inscribed in columns of cuneiform writing date from about the 2300s bc and consist of words in the Sumerian language and their equivalents in the Akkadian language. Whatever is done and practiced concerning the use of dictionary in the past; in our modern days, we can not pass a single day without taking help from dictionary while we learn language. ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life for our people by preventing arsenic pollution ASTRONAUTS The term ‘astronaut’ comes from the Latin word ‘astrum’ (star) and ‘nauta’ (mariner) and is used mostly in English-speaking countries. The International Astronomical Federation define space travel as beginning 100 km (62 mile) above the earth, so some airplane pilots are considered astronauts. Astronauts came into being in the late 1950s, when both the United States and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) began piloted space flight programmes. Both countries chose military pilots as the first astronauts. Some of the earliest spacecraft were based on the high performance aircraft that these pilots were accustomed to flying. Modern astronauts include scientists, engineers, medical doctors and educators, as well as pilots. On July 16, 1969 three American astronauts were waiting in a spacecraft called Apollo 11. The astronauts were Neil A Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins. Four days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed their Lunar Module in the moon’s Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong and then Aldrin stepped onto the surface and became the first humans to leave their footprints in the lunar dust. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. The next day they fired off the surface and rejoined Collins in the orbiting mother ship. Finally they returned to the earth. Thus astronauts made great achievements one after another and conquered the unknown. THE ANNUAL CULTURAL WEEK A school is a ground of learning for students in every regard. The school helps students to develop skills in educational and other extra curricular activities as well. In our text book we find that the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their annual cultural week in full mirth and joy. The students were highly jubilant to celebrate the function. One morning Mrs. Amin, the English teacher of class eight came with an announcement to the class. The class was told that they were selected to stage a play during this cultural week. Hearing this, they were enthusiastic enough to stage a play by Shakespeare. As Shakespeare’s plays were difficult and long, it was not possible for them to perform his play. So they were advised to stage a play which was written by Mr. Anis Ahmed and they agreed to do so. After school that day they met Mr. Anis Ahmed and discussed about the play. For a few days they practised a lot. On the scheduled day they made a stage and performed the play called ‘The Ghost’. The programme was appreciated by all. In this way the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their Annual Cultural Week. THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF MY SCHOOL Annual Sports Day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. On the 10th instant we had the annual sports day in our school. On that day we tastefully decorated the school and put up a beautiful dais on the sports ground in front. On both sides of the dais, sitting arrangement was made for the spectators under colourful canopies. The Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner arrived on time and hoisted the national flag just at 9 a. m. The next attraction was the ‘March Past’ of the competitors. After the March Past, the Chief Guest declared the sports open. There were 20 items which were taken up according to the printed programme. All the items were contested well. At the end of every item the names of the winners were announced over the microphone and they stood up on the victory stand. In between the events fine cassettes were played and the whole environment was festive and jovial. When the items were over, the Chief Guest distributed the prizes. Then after a few short speeches were made by the teachers and guests and the function was declared over. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. B A Book Fair These days the book fair has become very much popular. It has created a sense of interest for books among us. In a book fair hundreds of pavilions are set up. Miscellaneous books, fictions, textbook, dramas, children books, reference books etc. are displayed in a shop. The stalls are well decorated which enchant the mind of customers. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers take rest and refreshment there. The whole atmosphere wears a beautiful look. The main purpose of a book fair is not s ale but it offers a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in publication of books. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their own interest. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly and sit in some stalls. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in a book fair. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best comrades. They can change our outlook of life and widen our domain of wisdom. It is book, which assists us to forget jealousy, malice, superstition and covetousness. After all, we get our most advantages from a book fair and that is why we should purchase book from a book fair or from a bookstall. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book reminds us that books are our best comrades. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. CELEBRATION OF 15TH BIRTHDAY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. A Bus Stand A bus stand is the place where the buses stop and where from the start. With the improvement of the roads and highways, the number of buses is increasing day by day. And the importance of the bus stand has become great. These stands can be seen by the roadside. There are a few big bus stands located at the district headquarters or in the big cities including the capital city. Besides these big bus-stands, there are other hundreds of bus stands scattered all over the country. At some bus stands, there are sheds for the convenience of the waiting passengers. Now some of the famous bus stands have ticket counters from where the passengers purchase tickets in advance to book a seat. Usually these are places of great din and bustle. Sometimes passengers are to wait under the open sky if there is no shed for their waiting. At most of the bus stands tea stalls are found nearby. Many passengers, while waiting for buses, go there and refresh themselves taking a cup of tea or coffee. Street hawkers are busy to draw the attention of the passengers. They sell betel leaves, biscuits, breads, cigarettes, pamphlets, magazines etc. Again, some street beggars cry in loud voice with a view to drawing the passengers’ heed. When a bus comes up, there is a usual bustle and hurry among the passengers. Most of the buses are found jam-packed. Yet, people push one another to get on them. Some bus stands are filthy and noisy. Thieves, swindlers and pickpockets are also there in disguise. They sometimes try to misguide the innocent passengers for fulfilling their evil desires. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, but I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Bangladeshi Culture Culture is made up of all of its ideas, ways of behaving, working and playing. We, the Bangali, have an age old and traditional culture of our own. We have our own Language, dress, food habit , games and sports, music, art, literature etc. Our culture is a close knit, family oriented. We have a rich history and collection of folk songs in Bangladesh. Of them Palligiti, Bhatiali, Bhawaiya, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalongiti, Palagaan and songs of Hason Raja are very popular. The traditional musical instruments like dotara, sarinda, bamboo flute, tabla are usually played with these songs. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football . Shalwar Kameez , Sharee , kurta , fatua , lungi are the main dresses. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. Nakshi kantha is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh. Our cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices. Panta ilish is a traditional platter of Panta bhat on the Pohela Boishakh. We have delicious and appetizing food, snacks, and sweets. The common ones are roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kal jamun and chom-chom. In a word, our culture is enriched in unique variety. A BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive celebration of the arts and culture of Bangladesh. It is held on the first day of the Bengali New Year. The Bengalees are all looking forward to welcome the year through this celebration. The Ramna Batamul is the centre, around which New Year celebration have spread around the city and gradually across the country. The festival encompasses exhibition, music, poetry, crafts, theatre, photography etc in the urban area. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. Some fairs are held for a day. Some are held for days together. It is held generally in the open place or on the bank of a river or a canal. All men, women and children gather in Baishakhi Mela in large number. Fancy goods, toys, balloons, flutes, sweets and wooden things are mostly sold and children buy them. Circus parties are the common features of the Baishakhi Mela. They often bring trained small tigers, elephants, monkeys, horses and bears that show funny feats. It is a matter of pride that we celebrate our cultural identity in a true spirit through Baishakhi Mela. Baishakhi Mela A Baishakhi Mela is a fair which usually is held on the first day of Baishakh to welcome the New Bangla Year. Baishakh is a month of enjoyment and merriment of the Bangalees. In fact, Baishakhi Mela is the reflection of the true picture of the life of the rural people of Bangladesh. The importance of the mela is very great to the Bangla speaking people. It gives us new life. Every year the villagers eagerly wait for the happy occasion. Their joy knows no bound Aaqt q;m~ mot) on the day. A Baishakhi Mela is a large gathering of all ages of people of all classes. In the mela, hand-made articles, dolls, toys, flutes, kites, cheap ornaments and cosmetics, bangles , ribbons (Nit), ready-made garments and other village handicrafts are displayed and sold. Sweets, fruits and snacks are also sold here. Doll dance and cock fight are the main attraction of a Baishakhi Mela.Traditional Bangla folksongs are sung and Jatra are also held in the mela. All ages of people attend the mela wearing colourful traditional dresses. A Baishakhi Mela is a great source of amusement and recreation to the rural people. But rural life is dismal and monotonous . So a Baishakhi Mela makes the villagers cheerful and removes the monotony of the routine works. It widens their outlook and breaks away social superstition. It helps to improvethe rural economy too. So a Baishakhi Mela has a great significance to the rural life. Every year I also visit the Baishakhi Mela with my grandfather who is very jolly-minded and humorous. A BIRTHDAY PARTY I ENJOYED A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are many charms in a birthday party because both the guests and the hosts get much pleasure in a birthday party. I have recently enjoyed a birthday party of one of my younger cousins. It was his 13 /14 / 15th birthday. As I am very close to him I had gone to their residence earlier to help him. We together decorated their house nicely. My cousin put on his new dress which my uncle had bought for him. Then the birthday cake arrived, which was the main attraction of the party. It had been ordered earlier. At 7 p.m. the arrival of the invited guests started. My cousin lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food was served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme was arranged after the meal. I also took part in the function by cutting a joke in the party. Everybody became happy to hear this. Then the guests gradually were leaving the function. All the guests left wishing my cousin many happy returns of the day. Finally it was my turn. In the mean time I extended my helping hand to do everything up nicely. Then I took farewell from my cousin. He did not like to leave me but I had to, as I had an important class next day. So I came back and all the night I cherished the sweet memories of the party. [Some information can be excluded to shorten the volume if necessary.] A Book Fair There is a great significance of a book fair in the cultural activities of a nation. Nowadays, book fairs are becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh. These are held in different cities and towns on different occasions of national significance days such as 'Ekusher Boi Mela' in the Bangla Academy Campus. Every year a book fair (exhibition) is arranged in the campus. Book fairs are now held in district towns also. In a book fair some publishers set up stalls. Book lovers such as, the teachers, the students, the poets, the writers, the service holders and some common people crowd there to make their choice and buy books from the stalls. The stalls are beautifully decorated and lighted in order to draw the attention of the customers. Books of different tastes are displayed in the stalls in an attractive way. The distinguished authors personally remain present in the stalls. Consequently, the readers can have a chance to meet their favourite authors. However, a book fair spreads the message that books are our best friends and companions. In fact, a book fair enriches our outlook and makes our life more meaningful. A Book Fair A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. I am also fond of visiting a book fair. A BOOK FAIR The purpose of a fair is to display products as well as to create demands in the markets for these products. A book fair is also arranged for the same. Now-a-days, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their choice. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. The writers also visit the fair regularly. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence our government and conscious citizens should take positive steps to make these fairs more popular if we want to thrive as a nation in this competitive world. BEHAVING RESPONSIBLY A deep relation is in existence between man and responsibility. Responsibility is an inherent quality of man. As a social being man cannot be irresponsible. He cannot be nonchalant to his duties towards himself and to his neighbours. He should be conscious about his responsibilities and be active in performing them. Truly speaking man cannot live alone. He has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. Here we can mention the name of Anwar, Kashem and Mina who behaved very responsibly. One day Anwar and Kashem were walking together. They noticed a small crowd near the college pond. They walked fast to the place and found that the people were looking at an old lady who fell down and hurt herself. Anwar recognised the old lady that she was Rina’s grandmother. He requested Kashem to stay there. He ran off to Rina’s house and informed Rina’s mother of the accident. He came back with Rina’s mother and helped the old lady to transfer her to the hospital. While Anwar, Kashem and Rina’s mother were busy with Mrs. Murshed; Rina was attending her little brother. Thus Anwar, Kashem and Mina all have shown their respective sense of responsibility which charms us very much. So, as social beings we all should behave responsibly. Otherwise our existence will lose its value in the society. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR I VISITED A fair is a collection of outdoor entertainment, stalls etc on a large piece of open ground where a huge number of people gather and enjoy themselves. In other words, a fair can be defined as an exhibition of different types of products. Similarly a book fair is an exhibition of hundreds of thousands of books. In a book fair books on different subjects are systematically displayed for the attention of the readers. Recently I visited a book fair. It was held on the premises of the Bangla Academy. I went there with my parents. In the fair, I saw hundreds of bookstalls selling them displaying different types of books. Almost all of the bookstalls were arranged by different famous publications of the country. A few bookstalls were also organised by some leading cultural organisations of the country. As it was evening, there was a huge rush of crowd in the fair. Even it was difficult to walk freely at that hour. I along with my parents went to a number of bookstalls and bought some books. I also attended a seminar organised by the Bangla Academy. After passing some hours there we started for home just after the sunset. It was a nice experience for me which will remain long in my mind. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is a fair where a large number of books are displayed. It is usually held on certain occasions. Books of different tastes on different subjects are displayed in a book fair. The fair is normally held fora week for some days and sometimes fora whole month. For example Bangla Academy Boi Mela is held fora whole month. A book fair is place of union of readers, the book lovers, the writers, the publishers and soon. The stalls sit in rows. They arc decorated tastefully. Thousands of visitors gather in a book fair to visit or to buy the chosen books of their favourite writers. There area large number of books. So a reader can choose a book according to his/her own choice. There are also some arrangements for refreshments. Sometimes discussions are held on various topics. Speaking truly, a book fair upholds the culture of a particular society or country. It plays an important role in spreading the light of education and knowledge. Again, books are the best companions of our life. Hence a book fair revives the conscience of a nation. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. BANGLADESH : MY COUNTRY Bangladesh is in South Asia on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is on the south and the other three sides of the country are surrounded by India but she shares a bit of the south-east border with Myanmar. The Tropic of Cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect almost in the middle of the country. She became independent from Pakistan in 1971. The total land area of the country is 1,44,570 square kilometres and population is about 130 million. Almost all the people of the country speak Bangla. English is also used widely as well. There area number of tribal dialects. About 85 per cent of the people are Muslims and the rest are Hindus, Buddhists and Christians. The national dress for men is pyjama and punjabi and for women saree and blouse. But educated people wear generally trousers and shirts and young women salowar and kamiz. The farmers, the majority of the population, wear longi and shirts. Dhaka is the capital of this country and Chittagong, the port city, is called the commercial capital of the country. Cox's Bazar for its silvery sandy sea beach and Rangamati with ever-green hills and lakes are special natural sites worth-seeing for the tourists. The society is generally male-dominated but nowadays both men and women manage the finances and maintain the family. Female rights are acknowledged and they are encouraged in every sector of the country. A BRIDAL PARTY A woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman is called a bride. Hence a bridal party is a party which consists of the bride and her friends and attendants. This party is formed to observe certain rites peculiar to women both before and after solemnization of marriage. They also make arrangement for rejoicings and merry-making. They sing nuptial songs while they help the bride observe various rites and ceremonies. As for example, they perform the ceremony of smearing the person of the bride or bridegroom with turmeric preparatory to marriage. They also welcome the bridegroom and his friends when they arrive at the bride’s house. After solemnization of marriage the ‘ruyyat’ ceremony is observed under the supervision and guidance of the bridal party. It is the young girls of the bridal party that take the bridegroom to the ‘Zenana’ where in a room the richly decorated bride adorned with precious ornaments is kept waiting. She is surrounded by the jovial ladies and gay young girls of the bridal party. The bridegroom is made to sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is placed before the bride and the bridegroom. Then they have to exchange looks and to go through certain other rites. The witty devices that the girls and ladies of the bridal party take to put the bridegroom to feminine harassment draw forth a peal of laughter from the assemblage in the ‘Zenana’. In fact, the bridal party, like the bridegroom’s party, plays a vital role in bringing the bride and bridegroom into a happy wedlock. A BUS ACCIDENT Nowadays bus accident has become a regular affair. Many people lose their lives for bus accident. Last week I saw a bus accident. It was 10 am and I was walking along the Hospital Road, Tala, Satkhira to go to my college. A girl was going the same way. Site was a few hands ahead of me. Suddenly she crossed the road. When she was in the middle of the road, all on a sudden a micro bus came on and knocked her down. The micro ran over her. She shouted and fell within seconds. Meanwhile people gatherer round her. She was taken to hospital but doctor declared her dead. This incident really shocked me a lot. Words cannot express my feelings. She is a student of class six. She is the only child of her parents. She is no more. This accident made me very sad. I won't forget this bitterest experience. A BUS STAND A bus stand is a place where service buses stop and start from. After a fixed time a good number of up and down buses touch at a bus stand at different hours of the day and night. In cities there are sheds for passengers at a bus stand. It is a temporary shelter for passengers. Passengers wait for sometime to get on a bus. In some bus stands there are counters for ticket. Passengers stand in a line for buying tickets. Sometimes there is exchange of hot words if anybody breaks the line. A bus stand is a busy place. One bus comes and another stands for. The passengers become busy in procuring a seat. The drivers and conductors are also very busy. Their shouts are heard. They try to get as many passengers as they can. A bus stand is always noisy. There are roadside tea-stalls, small shops and hawkers selling betel leaf and cigarette at a bus stand. Magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. It is a useful place indeed. A BUS STAND A bus stand is generally a place where public buses usually stay for some time. Near the place there lies a shed which protects the passengers from the sun and the rain. Sometimes, there is a long queue of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus arrives, there is a rush of passengers to get down and to get into the bus. Taking the advantage of this, pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. There are different types of shops that sell foods, fruits, newspapers and other essentials. Hawkers, with their peculiar shouting, try to sell betels, cigarettes, biscuits, chocolates, newspapers, and such other things. People of all ages while away time here when they get chance. A bus stand in Bangladesh often causes traffic jam because most of the bus drivers do not follow traffic rules. This is a great threat to our smooth communication. So steps should be taken to improve the condition of the bus stands for the betterment of the passengers. A Bus Stand A bus stand is nothing but a halting and starting place for buses. In a bus stand, there is a temporary shed for the passengers. It is open on all sides. The passengers wait here to avail a bus. There is a heavy rush of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus comes, passengers rush to get into it. The passengers who are inside the bus are not able to get down from it due to on-rush of the passengers who try to get into the bus. In this way, pushing and pulling among the passengers go on. In some bus stands, there are book stalls and small tea shops. The hawkers sell betel leaf, bread, chanachur, betel nuts, cigarettes, chocolates, newspapers and magazines etc. Now and then, seasonal fruits are sold in a bus stand. When a bus comes, shouts of the helpers and conductors of the buses are hoard continually. Hawkers try to draw the attention of the passengers by their peculiar shouts. In Bangladesh, most of the bus stands do not have sheds. So the passengers suffer under scorching heat of the sun. They also get wet by the sudden shower of rain. A bus stand is not an attractive place. Yet it is a very useful place undoubtedly. My Last Birthday Party Today birthday is one of most popular and common festivals in any society of the world. It is an important part of our culture. A birthday is a symbol or token of pleasure and enjoyment. The festival reminds our past life. Every year our family celebrates my birthday party very gorgeously. My last birthday ceremony was held at our village home on December 10, 2007. The sky was very clear. Many relatives, friends and neighbour attended the joyful function. I along with my younger sister decorated the house very nicely with coloured papers, flowers and baloons. I put on a new nice dress. Almost all the guests arrived at our home by 5 pm and I received them cordially. Almost all the guests brought some gifts for me. But my uncle brought a nice pilot pen for me and I am fond of the pen very much. All the guests stood around the dinning table. I cut the cake and put out the candles. At that time all clapped and sang, "happy birthday tou." Then, delicious food items were served. All enjoyed the delicious food with satisfaction. In fact. the day was a glorious ceremony. Bangla Academy Book Fair A good book is the constant companion of any good reader. When new books are published, they need to be made known to the reading realm. To draw the attention of the readers and to popularize the reading habit, book fair is organized on different important occasions. Last I visited a book fair in Bangla Academy campus. It was about 5 pm. when I arrived there. The main gate was nicely decorated. Inside the premises there were about three hundred book stalls set up by different publishing houses. It was a fair of books of different interest. The whole area became over-crowded. Many people were walking aimlessly. There were also children. I enjoyed the atmosphere very much. I had an opportunity to meet several famous poets and novelists. I also bought five books on different issues. The main thing about a book fair is not sale but display of books on different subjects. National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, Naboputhighar Publication, Bangla Academy and many other book publishers took part in the fair. I also met Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, Imdadul Haque Milan etc at the book fair. C Cyber Café: A site for multidimensional communication Cyber Café is the centre where the Internet users can have an easy access to get all types of information. In a cyber cafe there are arranged many computers with Internet connection. Here one can use Internet paying the required amount of money. Different types of people come to a cyber cafe in quest of different types of information. The modern cyber cafe is established providing the users with all sorts of facilities including fast food facilities. Most of the students go to a cyber cafe to get help from various educational corners. At times they collect information of different universities of the world for higher education and sometimes for better job. Those days are not so far when the students can take their class lecture from anywhere of the worlds. It is also sure that some users go to a cyber cafe for gossiping with their friends through Internet. Again, one can have a telephone call with the help of net2phone and with other popular programmes and devices. Some users go there with a view to checking their emails. Some are compelled to go to a cyber cafe because their telephone lines at home remain busy with normal phoning. Going to a cyber cafe the users can get the advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex and even videoconference. But for videoconference the cyber cafe requires a web camera or a digital video camera that gives the facility of enjoying movie-live pictures each other of the users. Nowadays a physician can treat a patient staying in other country through Internet. Moreover, the modern professional doctors are getting opportunities to make themselves up-to-date and becoming familiar with the new and latest systems of treatments. Besides these, all types of learners are to go to a cyber cafe not only for solving their perspective problems but also for having an acquisition of wisdom from the online Encarta Encyclopaedia, Britannica and many others. Browsing homepage and purchase-corner, the users can learn the price, quality etc of different products of different companies; and they can order them sending MasterCard, Visa-Card, Ready-Cash etc. through Internet. One can download freeware software, virus-protection tools and many other essentials from the web-site of Internet. Web-TV, 3-D games, virtual-reality, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and so on cannot but excite our mind with entertainment. But the youngsters sometimes enjoy the taboo and obscene pictures and movies that may harm their moral characters. Moreover, they may spend time and money more than necessary. After all, we can say that cyber cafe is getting more and more popular day by day for its great importance. Culture and Cultural Assault: An adverse effect of satellites Culture stands for the pre-determined notions, norms, values, beliefs, customs, conventions, music, language and ways of behaviour of persons living in a particular zone. It denotes what is good and bad, what is to be done and what is not to be done. It is determined by the society through the day-to-day activities. It does not stand still and it varies from society to society, country to country and time to time. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. We have miscellaneous songs based on rural and idyllic pictures of life. We have jari, sari, kobi, bhatiali, polligeeti, Lalongeeti, Nazrulgeeti, Rabindrasangeet, marufoti, swariati, murshidi and local jatrapala. We have our own food habits like rice and fish as well as ways of eating. We have our traditional dress like longyi, dhuti, shirt and punjabi for the male and sharee and blouse for the female. Eid, puja, Buddha Purnima, Christmas Day, Victory Day, Pahela Baishakh, Nabanna and Halkhata are some of our distinguished festivals. All these are our culture and cultural traits. On the contrary, culture which is not known and practised in a society is called alien culture. All alien cultures are not detrimental to a society. A native culture may be enriched and ameliorated enough with the influence of some alien cultures. But some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. CHILD LABOUR ‘Children are today’s investment and tomorrow’s dividend’. It does not seem to be true when we look at the thousands of children working around us, even before they begin to bloom. Child labour emerged as a serious problem during industrial evolution and it pervades the world as a global phenomenon. In Bangladesh too, it remains a ubiquitous problem. The most glaring causes that have compounded this evil are back-breaking poverty, large families, lack of free and compulsory education and ignorance of parents. Children from 8 to 12 years of age have to do manual labour. Many of them work as domestic servants. Sometimes they are engaged to work in the fields. They work in shops, hotels and restaurants. They are seen to break brick and stones. Some are found to work as street-hawkers, rickshaw-pullers and car cleaners. They work in small factories. They polish boots, sell ‘chanachur’, ‘badam’ and vegetables. They work as porters. In the platforms of big stations, they are found to work as porters and often they are found to beg. Some of them move as pick-pockets. This undoubtedly jeopardises their future for they have no choice except to work. So, all sections of people of our country as well as the government should give serious thought to this problem. The government should think about the grim situation of child labour. Child labour should be stopped by law. CITY LIFE City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in cities. In cities the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in cities. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in cities. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in the town. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in cities are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. City is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in cities. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in cities. Even all necessary things are available in cities. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. CHILD LABOUR The manual labour done by children is known as child labour. Today it is one of the most major problems in our developing country. It is an inhuman and brutal act. It is also treated as a sinful act. Child labour has become a very common affair in Bangladesh. The street children and the orphan boys and girls are the victims of child labour. Many of the children are engaged in houses as domestic servants and maid-servants. Today most children are engaged in garment factories, cottage industries, shops. hotels, restaurants and many small industries. Many are also seen selling flowers, betel leaves. chanachur. fruits, chocolates, polishing boots and collecting garbage, torn papers and torn clothes. Many are seen begging and catching fish in canals, rivers. haors and beels. They are also seen breaking stones and bricks, carrying brick on their heads and pulling rickshaws. Many child work as porters, in rail station and launch terminals. They have to work from dawn to desk. They have neither recreation nor leisure. 'They are always misbehaved. Sometimes they are beaten mercilessly. They get very poor wages. They are given stale food. They have no scope to receive education. They are deprived of all basic needs and rights of life. But our children are the future leaders of our country. So child labour must be stopped soon by law. Proper education should be made compulsory for them. Social awareness must be created to stop child labour. Campus Violence Education in our country is passing through a stage of crisis. Along with political unrest in the country, campus violence has become almost a daily affair. It appears that the students are there in our colleges and universities only to be engaged in violence throwing their main duty of learning something to dust. The impact of such violence is too many to be described. It may simply be said that Bangladesh is already educationally backward. The teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The students are growing to be more concerned about politics endless about their studies. They are gradually forming the habit of intolerance. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. The innocent students and guardians are becoming the worst sufferers. Campus violence not only ruins the academic environment but also spoils the life of the students and takes away many valuable lives. They have become puppets in the hands of the so called narrow minded politicians. The self centered narrow minded politicians exploit the innocent students and encourage them terrorism by supplying them with weapons. As campus violence is a demon and no one like to see it again, the government is also keen to make campuses violence free and making student activism a process of leadership building for future, people concerned want to see immediate steps from the government and elder politicians in this regards. The Curse of Campus Violence Campus violence is one of the most inhuman and brutal acts in our free land. It is a great social curse. Campus violence refers to clashes between two rival groups of the students in the campus of an educational institution. Today campus violence is very a common scene in colleges and universities in Bangladesh. It is a great wonder that a great number of colleges and the universities have turned into the ground of clashes, violence and terrorism. In fact, an educational institution is a sacred place 41-f) to the learners for gaining education as well as knowledge. Parents send their children there to acquire and receive true and better education to make their life fruitful and successful. But this holy place often turns into the sea of blood of the innocent brilliant students. Many innocent learners take arms and weapons in their hands in place of education under the misguidance of some brutal political leaders or the terrorists or the traitors. Ignorance and illiteracy is also mainly liable for campus violence in Bangladesh. It is great obstacle to true and standard education. This brutal ,practice paralyze and averts our social and national development plans and programmes drastically. If violence continues , our all hopes and aspirations will turn into astray. Campus violence must be wiped out at any cost with a view to saving our young society. Public awareness must be raised. In order to wipe out this brutal act, both the teachers and the guardians must be more conscious and watchful of the students. The students should be taught the value of good moral character and patriotism. Child-Labour-in- Bangladesh “Child labour” defines an extremely complex set of phenomena. It is undoubtedly one of the curses of new era. Poverty poses to be a great threat in Bangladesh. Their working in the hotels or in the garments, as a tempo helper or a tokai is really pathetic. Sometimes they are engaged in full time job from tender age like domestic servant, day-laborer. It may involve too much physical pressure such as brick clinker, railway porter. In many places, children are mentally and physically oppressed during their work. But a child has right to live and survive well. Being deprived of basic rights, a child cannot become a perfect man. We should ensure their good leaving. A child should be protected from all kinds of threats and oppressions. He has the right to get educated. We should encourage them to learn. We should also ensure a child’s health and hygiene. We should try to improve their physical and mental development. A child should not be forced into labor. We must not expect income from the children. The world community has to be more conscious about this. Child labor should be banned from the society as soon as possible for a better future of the country because one who is child today will be a perfect man tomorrow. All children should be given equal privileges to grow up in the interest of mankind itself. Child trafficking Child trafficking is a crime against humanity. Trafficking in persons is nothing short of modern-day slavery. It is, therefore, not only a problem for Bangladesh but rather it is a global problem. The most common forms of human trafficking in Bangladesh are, among others: trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced prostitution, domestic servitude, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Child trafficking is now considered one of the major concerns for Bangladesh. However, various studies reveal that over 1 million women and children have been trafficked out of the country in the last 30 years. A UNICEF report says that approximately 400 women and children in Bangladesh are victims of trafficking each month. Both internal and cross-border trafficking exist in Bangladesh. In the case of internal trafficking, women and children are often taken away from their homes on false promises of a better life with good employment or by using various other criminal acts and means by the traffickers who sell them to brothels. It is mainly people from rural areas with minimal survival options and those who suffer the worst from discriminatory sociocultural practices who are lured or deceived with promises of a better life and more lucrative job opportunities in cities. At the cross-border level, victims are transported and transferred to destinations further away such as India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries, by using illegal acts and processes which culminate in the most corrosive forms of human rights violations and a life of unspeakable agony and torture. Cultural Assault Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. Some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries Courtesy means showing of politeness in ones attitude and behaviour towards others. It costs nothing but buys everything. The measure of a truly great man is the courtesy with which he treats lesser man. Saying courtesy words like thank you are simple acts of courtesy they make an impact on every one and go a long way in building long lasting meaningful relationships. Few are the words which we use with courtesy ….thank you, you are welcome, i am sorry, excuse me. The traditional greeting for Muslims is Asalamu alaikum to which the response is wa alaikum salam. The hand shake is common although they may feel rather limp. If people are of the same age, they use first names. When visiting a Bangladeshi’s home, it is more common to bring pastries, sweets or good quality chocolates. Patterns of behaviour and action vary from individual to individual, class to class, society to society and country to country. These differences are referred to as cultural differences. What is an appropriate mode of behaviour in one culture might prove inappropriate or even rude in another culture. For example, when Latin Americans talk to each other, they stand about 18 to 12 inches apart, measured nose to nose. To stand further away from each other while talking seems unfriendly, to them. In some Arab countries too, the proper and polite distance for a conversation is to be close enough to feel the other person’s breath. But in British or American society, getting so close during a conversation is considered inappropriate. An example is the informal use of first names among staff holding different status at work. Although it would be a blasphemy for a student to call his/her teachers by their first names in Bangladesh, it is quite common in British colleges and universities. Craftwork A craftwork is an applied form of art, a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. It, which usually doesn’t bear the signature of its maker, retains a personal touch. It is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and human values. It is distinguished by its maker’s desire to locate himself or herself in the wider and ever-changing cultural aspirations of the community, and subsequently of the market. Certain forms, shapes, styles and aesthetic preferences change little over time, suggesting that a craftwork can function as a stable signifier of community values and desires over time. Mechanical and mass production take away this feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity that the handmade craftwork evokes. Traditionalists contend that the society needs to preserve the authenticity and naturalness of craftworks and their association with domesticity and environment; and, on the other, promoters of machine production argue that the machine has helped restore the appeal of the crafts due to their cheaper production costs. Crafts that are disappearing can and should be revived, even where the machine has made the prospect difficult. And crafts that are still practiced can be safeguarded and made to consolidate their position further. This can be done by providing grants, loans, assistance and other support to the producers, and helping them find a comfortable customer base. But more importantly, craftwork can be branded and successfully marketed throughout the country and beyond as there are always buyers and users of handmade products who feel a strong attraction towards such cultural productes. A CELEBRATION A Celebration is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery from accident she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. A COLLEGE CANTEEN College canteen is a stall where the students, teachers, employees and guests can take light snacks as well as rice. This type of canteen is very important for the students because they can take food front there without going outside. If they go outside, it takes a lot of time and costs money for rickshaw fare. The canteen provides the students with various food items ranging from rice to bread, chicken to vegetables, sandwich to singara, coke to tea, banana to grapes etc. There area wide varieties of food for them. They can cat rice and curry or singara and tea. They can sit in the canteen or take away food from there. In some canteens there are facilities like photocopy, computer and boat stall. Students can bay books, pens, pencils etc from the stall. The canteen is usually furnished with chairs, tables. fans etc. Some canteens keep pure drinking water for the students. Students usually come to the canteen during leisure period to take food or tiffin. But some of the students come here to gossip and pass time discussing fashion, politics, personal affairs etc. Some of them come here to smoke and drink water and tea. So, canteen serves various necessities of students– both good and bad. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. CELEBRATION OF A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, all the male members of our family proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. We also said our prayer at home. After the prayer my father and brothers came back home and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters together. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. The Last Independence Day I Celebrated The independence Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our independence/ freedom is our great achievement. Our independence was declared at the mid night of 26th March in 1971. But we won the Victory on the 16th December in the same year. So the 26th March is a red letter day in our national life. Every year our nation observes the gala day to show profound love and homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom. All educational institutions, offices, banks and organizations hold/ organize discussion meetings, cultural functions and rallies to welcome the red letter day. Every year our college also observes the joyful day in a befitting manner. The last Independence Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. The college buildings were adorned nicely. Our college arrange a discussion meeting at our college auditorium A local freedom fighter Mr Habib was the chief guest in the function. He hoisted the national flag. The students and many freedom loving persons took part in the discussion meeting. The chief guest and the Principal= spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters. I also took part in the discussion on behalf of the students. All stressed on our poverty and hunger alleviation. In fact, the Independence is a day of joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. Really we are proud of our independence. The Last International Mother Language Day I Celebrated The International Mother Language Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our Shaheed Dibash February 21 is now observed as the International Mother Language Day. The day is our great achievement. But the 21st February is the mourning day in our national life. Every nation of the world observes the day to show true love and deep homage towards the martyrs of our Language Movement. All educational institutions, offices, banks, political parties and other social organizations hoist the National Flag on the top of their buildings or office and hold discussions meetings. rallies and cultural functions to welcome the day. Every year our college also observes the day in a befitting manner. We observed the last International Mother Language Day with due respect too. The college buildings was decorated nicely. Our college arranged a discussion meeting at college auditorium. Our former Principal was the chief guest of the meeting. The students, many guardians and many educated people attended the discussion meeting. The chief guest and our Principal spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the cause of our mother language in 1952. I spoke in the meeting on behalf of the students of our college. The day has a great significance and importance in our national life. It inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. CELEBRATION OF MY LAST BIRTHDAY One celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. Celebration of Pahela Baishakh in College Every year Pahela Baishakh is celebrated across the country to welcome Bangla New Year. It is the first day of Bangla New Year. It is a public holiday in our country. Every educational institution or any office or any organization or any club celebrates the day every year. Every year our college also holds various special programmes on the happy day. This time too we celebrated Pahela Baishakh in our college compound in a befitting manners . Our college chalked out various ' joyful programmes including a discussion meeting and cultural functions. All the students and many I guardians attended the programmes wearing traditional rich dresses. I went to college at dawn with my grandfather wearing traditional dresses and by taking traditional foods like Panta Bath with hilsha fish and green chilly .We decorated the whole college campus with coloured papers and various flowers. Many reputed singers, poets, writers and special guests attended the joyful programmes. The Chairman of Comilla Education Board was the chief guest of the day. I recited some poems regarding Pahela Baishakh. My grandfather sang some sweet songs which were the main attraction of the function. Our Bangla teacher made funs and jokes which made all laugh wonderfully. The chief guests and the teachers delivered valuable speeches about the significance of the day. Our principal declared the end of the function thanking all at 5 pm and I returned home at 6 pm with happy mood. The day has a great importance in our life. It removes the monotony of my routine works, gives joy, removes dismal of mind and makes life cheerful. Climate Change Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures due to the consequence of unchecked pollution. Most climatologists opine that boh natural events and human activities are contributing to the increase in average temperatures surrounding the earth. This is caused primarily by the increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. The destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, traffic that clogs up city streets, the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs, detergents, maritime disaster, human and industrial waste products etc are highly responsible for this change. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Pragmatic as well as drastic steps should be taken to create awareness to stop the causes and sources of emitting carbon dioxide. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. These are the measures the whole world needs to be concerned with a view to preventing global warming. College Campus Our college campus is an ideal one in the Upazila. Ours is an ideal and renowned college. It has a good reputation all over Bangladesh for its better education, good results and extra-curricular activities. It has a vast area. Our college campus consists of five academic buildings, one administrative building, a rich library building, a big auditorium, a modern science laboratory building, a modern computer club building, a big college canteen building, two modern hostels, a modern beautiful mosque and a big temple. There are also a big pond, a big playground, a beautiful Shaheed Minar in our college campus. About 4,000 students both male and female are studying here. The whole college campus covers 6 acres of high land near the river. There are hundreds of fruit and medicinal trees around the college compound. So the natural scenery of the college campus is matchless and spectacular. Really, our college campus is worth-seeing . It is never flooded . There is a big car park in front of the main gate of the college. Our principal room is housed in the main building. The four academic buildings and the administrative buildings are four storied each. The classes are held in the four-academic buildings. All the building are modern and south facing. So they are well-lighted and well-airy. A disciplined and lively atmosphere exists here. Our college campus is free from any chaos and disturbance. On holidays, the students from remote areas come to our college to make a picnic. We feel proud of it. We always keep it neat and clean. A CULTURAL FUNCTION ARRANGED IN OUR COLLEGE A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our college auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our college authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Principal of our college discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. Our College Canteen A college canteen is one of the important and useful parts of a college. An ideal college should have all teaching aids and necessary tools in order to ensure a standard education. A canteen is a place where the employees or the workers of an office or a bank or an industry or a mill take a tiffin during interval. Today a canteen is very common to any educational institutions. A college, canteen is a canteen belonging to a college. It serves tiffin and drinks to the students, staffs and the .teachers of a college during leisure hours or free time. Ours is a big and old college. More- than 2000 students both male and female are reading here. I am lucky that there is a big and modern canteen in our college compound. It is housed (located) at one corner of the college premises. It is south-facing. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There are necessary chairs, tables and other tools in the canteen. The college canteen supplies us delicious and healthful dishes. It also supplies us hot tea and coffee. Only the students of our college gather here for tiffin during tiffin hours. No outsider is allowed here. We need not go to outside for refreshment or tiffin. We abide by the rules and discipline of our college canteen. So, a -decent er-14ronment always prevails in our college canteen. A college canteen plays a vital role in saving time and keeping sound health of the students. A standard education is not possible in a college without a canteen. So each and every college should have a good canteen in order to ensure a standard education. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. CHARACTER The crown and glory of life is character. Character includes many moral qualities such as honesty, truthfulness, kindness, sympathy, charity etc. These qualities are like jewels. They bring a man of character honour and glory. The character of a man is revealed in his action, speech and manners. Truth is the breath of a man of character. He is always true to his promise. He is a man of principles. He has sympathy for other people. He does good to others. He has a strong control over his passions. Character is more forceful than learning. A man may be vastly learned. But if he has no character, he will be respected by none. A man may not have much learning. If he has character, he wins the love and respect of the world. A man of character is an asset to the state. A nation whose citizens are men of character is sure to live on the world for ever. But a nation, whose members have no regard for honesty and character, is doomed to ruin. Character is the key-stone of success in life. It is more valuable than money and wealth. All the great men of world flourished in life by virtue of character. COMPUTER Computer is an electronic device which stores and processes different data and information in it. Computer was discovered mainly to perform different complicated mathematical calculations. However, it was not invented overnight. It was invented after ceaseless efforts of different scientists. Charles Babbage deserves the glory of inventing and modernising this device. Nowadays its functions are not only confined to calculation but also it performs any work useful for us. People in the modem life can hardly do without it. All mho offices, schools, colleges shanks are very much dependent on computerised automation. In the offices big piles of papers are no longer seen because all the data are stored in computer. Banking facility has risen a lot because of computerisation. We even can enjoy songs, movies and play games on computer. However computer has some bad effects as automation may curtail the human employment in offices. It may cause harm to our eyesight. So, we must be careful of the way we use it. Computer Or, The Uses and the Abuses of Computer Computer is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions of modern science. Wherever we turn our eyes we can see the blessings/ inventions of science. Computer is a great success of science. It does the works of human brain. So it is called an electric brain. At first computer was invented in China. The modern computer was invented by Charles Babage. an American scientist in 1944. So he is called the father of modem computer. There are two kinds of computer like Analogue computer and Digital computer. Today Digital Computer is widely used all over the world. A computer consists of five principal units like the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. A modem computer can do/ perform hundreds of difficult things within a short time. It can solve hundreds of problems within a second. Now it is being widely used in all fields such as education, medical science, agriculture, commerce,business, communication, transport. travelling, sports and games, recreation, factories, banks, shopping etc. It is widely used in printing books and preparing the results of examinations. Students are much benefited by using computer. They can learn many things within a short time. It has some defects too. It may cause brain tumour and weakens/ shortens the eye-sight of the operator. Sometimes it gives wrong information. In spite of its some defects it has wonderfully made our life easy, comfortable and happy. In order to make our life more successful we should learn the uses of computer well. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is operated by software. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is the miracle of modern science. It is operated by software. Without software a computer is useless. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. It cannot only solve complex mathematical problems but also perform many operations at once and at the same time without any confusion. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. On-line communication is a great advantage for us. It can connect the whole world at a glance. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer has become an integral part of life. A computer is an electronic brain which can perform many tasks. It is a versatile device which can compute and interpret information very quickly. Computer is made up of tiny electronic circuits. Every computer has a key board which acts like a typewriter. The monitor is like a TV screen which we can see. There are various softwares which can be used for various programmes. According to functions, the computer processes the information. It can do various tasks. These are nowadays used almost in every field like weather forecasting, entertainment, business, marketing, planning, design, education, publishing etc. They are even used for making films and cartoons. Computers have become so common that these are found in schools, homes, hotels and offices. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. People can even be seen using portable computers while travelling. The software for games, general knowledge and graphics are very popular among children. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. Computer indeed, is a wonder of modern science. A Computer Exhibition/ Fair A computer exhibition is a fair where computer and its functions are displayed and exhibited to the common people. So to make computer,.more popular to every fields, computer fairs are held in towns and cites in every country. Today a computer fair is also very common and popular in our country. Every year-, a computer fair is also held in every capital cities in Bangladesh. A world famous computer exhibition is held at Shere-E-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka every year. A computer exhibition displays different brands and function of computer made by different companies of different countries. Computer soft wares and hard wares are also displayed in a computer exhibition to make computer more popular in every sector/ field. People of all ages gather in a computer exhibition. Specially, science students and computer lovers visit a great extent because the buyers get inspired for buying computers. The value of a computer exhibition is very great in our life. We can learn newer and important information and programmes by visiting a computer exhibition regularly. A science student can learn a lot of valuable and important new informationabout computer world by visiting a computer. exhibition. Character Character is the combination of habits. It is the crown and glory of life. Honesty, truthfulness, sympathy, charity and other good qualities constitute character. A man of character does good to everybody. He is always honest and generous in his views. He is also a man of principle. He is respected by all. He never plays tricks with his friends. He encourages other people also. A man without character is like a beast. He may be rich or educated, but he is disliked by all. He is a curse to the society. Everybody hates him. Such a person lives a miserable life ultimately. Indeed, a man of character is an asset to the state. A child's character is built up from childhood. Heredity is also a great element to build up character. Environmental influence also plays an important role in moulding one's character. Character brings fame. It makes a man immortal. All the great persons of the world were men of character. Thus we should remember the maxim, 'When wealth is lost, nothing is lost, when health is lost, something is lost, but when character is lost, everything is lost'. Our College Common Room A college common room is a place where the students of a college get together and spend their free time by reading books and magazines or by playing indoor games or by gossiping. It is an important part of education. Every school or college belongs to a common room, big or small. A college common room is' one which belongs to a college. Ours is a very old and big college in the district. It has a good reputation throughout the country. There is a big common room for the students in our college campus. It is located on the ground floor of the main building of our college. It is decorated nicely. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There is a nice arrangement for indoor games in our college common room. In a word, the students of our college enjoy all recreational facilities in the college common room during leisure hours and off periods. The room has chairs, desks and table and other necessary tools for the students. We spend our leisure hours and off periods in the common room by playing indoor games, by reading newspapers and magazine and by watching educational programmes on the TV screen. The female students usually spend their free time by playing indoor games in our college common room. It is a great attraction for us. We always keep it neat and clean. We abide by the rules and discipline of the common room. A lively atmosphere `f) exists in our college common room. No outsider or smoker is allowed here. It is free from all kinds of pollutions. Without a nice common room, the college life becomes dismal and gloomy. It removes the monotony of hard studies of the student. So a college common room is a must for each and even, college. Our College Hostel A college hostel is a place belonging to a college. A college hostel is very common to every college. Generally the students coming from distant places reside (put up) in the college hostel. Ours is an old and big college in the district. There is a big and modern hostel for the students of our college. It is housed near the big college pond. It is a U shaped and three storied modem building. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. About 200students reside here. Our college hostel has 30 rooms including a big dinning hall and a big common room. There is a nice and big office room for our hostel superintendent. Prof. Mr. Shaheed is the superintendent of our college hostel. He regularly visits it. In the common room there are all sorts of arrangement for recreation and amusement . There is also a set. of TV at one corner in it. So the students who stay here spend their off periods by watching TV, by playing indoor and outdoor games aril by reading newspapers and magazines. Studious students concentrate on their studies without any disturbance in the hostel. Inattentive students get a chance to concentrate themselves on their studies here. Besides, the weak students can get any help and suggestion from the bright ones in the hostel. 'Me lively and disciplined atmosphere exists in our college hostel. All abide by the strict rules and discipline of the hostel. A hostel has a great value to a student. A college hostel teaches a student how to adjust with others in a new circumstance and helps to make better results in the exam. Our College Magazine college magazine is an annual or periodical publication of the students and the teachers of a college. It is an important part of education. Only bookish knowledge cannot meet the thirst of knowledge of a student. A college magazine plays a vital role in widening the kingdom of knowledge of a student. Almost every college publishes a magazine every year. Ours is an old and ideal college in the district. It has a fame for standard education and extra- curricular activities all over the country. Every year our college publishes an important and successful magazine. The title of our college magazine is "The light of life." A magazine committee is formed in a general meeting of the students and the teachers. The principal of our college is the chief patron of the magazine committee of our college magazine. A senior professor of our college becomes the adviser of the committee. Four members are selected from the senior students of our college. The four members of the committee. assist them for editing and proof-reading and other needful jobs of the magazine. Both the students and the teachers write the necessary articles both in Bangla and English in our college magazine. Our college magazine contains short stories, short essays, poems, riddles, general knowledge etc. The magazine also contains the valuable speeches and messages of the principal and the teachers of our college. All the members of the committee perform their respective duties honestly to publish a magazine in time. A magazine has a great educative value. Both the teachers and the students get scope to show their creative power, thoughts and views through the college magazine. The magazine inspires the students and the teachers to form the habit of reading, writing and buying magazines regularly. Our College Library A library is a room or a building having/ containing a large number of books on different branches of different poets, writers and scholars. A college library is a. library belonging to a college. A library is an important part of education. A school or college can not run well without a library. So every college has a library. Ours is a big and old college in the Upazila. There is a rich library in our college. It is on the ground floor of our college building. It is south facing. So it is well airy and well lighted. It is nicely decorated (TAM). There are 5 thousand books on history, religion, culture, sports and games, computer, science, agriculture and English grammar etc. in our college library. The books are well arranged in selves and in almirahs. The librarian of our college library is very experienced and expert. He is very friendly, helpful, co-operative, dutiful and honest. He always helps us in reading books in library. There is a big reading room in the library. The students can read books in the reading room during off periods. We can borrow books by showing library cards. No outsider is allowed to read books here. It remains open ((*M VM) from I am to 5 pm. We are proud of our college library. We always keep it neat and clean. In fine, it can be said that a college library plays a vital role in making goad results. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. Computer Computer is the latest miracle of modern science. It has become a part and parcel of modern age. An American scientist named Howard Aiken invented the computer in 1944. Now its use is world-wide. It has revolutionised modern life and civilization. Its use covers every aspect of life. It has almost become a substitute for man. Nowadays, a computer is used in various ways. It is being used in schools, colleges, banks, hospitals, offices, airports, shops, factories, laboratories and almost everywhere. It is the most sophisticated electronic brain 'doing all sorts of difficult calculations, keeping records and storing data for us'. It is used in "adding up columns of figure or flying an airplane on a fixed beam". In the field of medical examination it has simply done wonders. It is also used in weather forecasting. It solves the unemployment problem to a large extent in our country. It has quickened and simplified the process, which no human brain can do. It has thus saved time and labour. In a word, we can say that it has made our life easier in this universe. THE CELEBRATION A Celebration Party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. THE CELEBRATION OF BANGLA NEW YEAR Different cultures have different occasions. Various cultures all over the world celebrate various events at different times of the year. These range from small 'family occasions like births, marriages and deaths to weeklong festivals involving thousands of people. Baishakh is the first month of the Bangla year. So, people in Bangladesh are accustomed to celebrating the Bangla New Year. The newyear is celebrated traditionally and some people think superstitiously that if they pass the beginning of the year happily, the whole year will go fine. However, people in rural and urban areas don't observe the occasion in the same way. In the rural areas, people make sweets and pithas, wear. new dresses and arrange feasts. In important areas. fair is held. In these fairs, people buy and sell their hand-made articles which include earthen pots, dolls and different toys. Children like to buy sweets and light foods. In some places cultural functions are arranged. In urban areas, the celebration differs but not much. In cities people come out of their houses early in the morning. Men wear punjabi-pajamas and women wear yellow and white sarees. People gather at a place where cultural activities are arranged. These cultural activities include dancing and singing. Rallies, procession and fairs arc also held. People like to eat 'pants bhat' and hilsa fish which can be bought at fairs. People feel joyous and happy as they celebrate the new year. Corruption Bangladesh is beset/ troubled with various frightful problems. Corruption is one of the most major problems in our country. Corruption means illegal and dishonest activities of the high authority of different sectors. Now-a-days corruption has become a very common word to each and every authority of every sector. Our some brute politicians and some police men are also greatly liable for corruption. Now it is a very common practice to the politicians, to the officers and to the clerk. During the last three times Bangladesh has been identified as the most corrupted land in the world. There are many reasons of corruption in Bangladesh. Greed and dishonesty are the main causes of corruption. Unpatriotism and bad moral character are also the another prime causes of corruption. The effect of corruption is very alarming and panic. It has already sucked up the life of our national economy and broken down the back bone of our development. Our development plans, efforts and programmes have been destroyed tremendously. As a result, various crimes, offences, sinful acts and lawlessness have increased in ever fields s and sectors. Our productive sectors and agriculture are almost dead. Extreme poverty and price hike are going on in our country. Owing to the corrupted people must be punished and controlled with an iron hand in order to reach our desired goal. All conscious people along with government must come forward to prevent and root out corruption from the country. It is a happy news that our present government have already adopted and started campaign to stamp out corruption from the country. If we fail to wipe out corruption, our 'freedom will be meaningless. CRISIS IN THE CITIES ‘God made the country and man made the town’. Therefore town is a product of man. Town life has some distinct characteristics. The people living in the cities suffer from different types of crisis in the cities. It is very costly to live in the city. People in cities find life very busy and routined. They can hardly ever stand at one place for long. They are continuously entrapped in motion and rush. They must move as must the water of the river. Everyone tries to have his interests fulfilled. So they are selfish to the backbone. At every step a person meets deceit, fraud and dishonesty in the city. People have little or no sympathy for one another. The city grows in a small area with a large population. The houses here are congested. Light and air cannot enter into it freely. Here life is threatened by severe environmental pollutions caused by dust, smoke, buzz, smell of carbon mono-oxide, continuous obnoxious sounds of motor vehicles and factories, filths and hardened touch of bricks tiles and pavements. Cars, buses, taxies, lorries, scooters and rickshaws ply along the streets from morning to midnight. There are street accidents, traffic jams. All these tell upon the nerves of the people living in the town. My Daily Routine Without maintaining a daily routine our life can not be successful and fruitful . A daily routine is a must to everyone to make a decent life. So, everyone should maintain a daily routine. A daily routine/ life denotes ("M) the dally activities of our life. I am a student of class xi. I maintain/ follow a daily routine properly. I get up from bed before sunrise. I wash my face and hands and say my morning prayers at mosque in time. Then I walk in the open field for half an hour. Then I have my breakfast go to my reading room and learn my lessons for two hours. Next, I take bath and my meal. I start for college at 9 ann. Our Language Day has been recognized as the International Mother Language Day on the 30th General Assembly of the USNESCO on November 17 in 1999. Different organizations and institutions chalk out different programmes on the day to pay proper homage to our language martyrs. On the day thousands of people of all ages and classes assemble at the Central Shaheed Minar on bare footed to show respect and love to the language martyrs. February 21 reminds that these who died for mother tongue are always alive in the hearts of the country men. DAILY ROUTINE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. D Deforestation: An unwise act leading to disasters Deforestation means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of deforestation are many. Bangladesh is one of the most densely-populated countries in the world. Her population is much more in proportion to its area. This huge number of population needs more food, shelter, agricultural land, fuel, furniture, medicine etc. People cut trees for various purposes. Most of the villagers cut down trees to use them as fuel. Some of them use trees as wood, wooden furniture and some sell trees for getting quick profit. There are some dishonest people who cut trees in the forests to make money. The effects of deforestation are too many to describe. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existence of wildlife is going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as a result of deforestation. The removal of trees causes birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Aftermaths, the soil gets sediment in the riverbed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random, one day the country may turn into a great desert. All living animals and birds will not find any food or shelter to live in. That’s why they will be destroyed. There will be no rain and as a result our agriculture will face a great crisis. The temperature will rise and it will cause green house effect. The country will be unsuitable for living and various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm, earthquake etc. will visit our coun try. Immediate measures should be taken to prevent deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through mass media. And tree plantation programme should be extended throughout the country so that we can make our country evergreen, fruitful and prosperous. CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION Tree is one of the most mentionable gifts of nature. In many ways it is very useful to us. Trees produce oxygen which is the vital ingredient for life. Besides, we need them for many more reasons. Trees make the land fertile. They save the land from erosion. They provide us with wood and other products. They give us shade and they help to prevent droughts and floods. They cause rain. They save our houses from cyclone and tidal bore. They also provide us different types of crops and nutritious fruits which are full of food values. Above all, trees make a balance in the environment. So life cannot be imagined without trees or forest. On the other hand, we know ‘deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. A very few people care to plant new trees. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. They use it as fuel. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. If there are no trees, there will be little or no rainfall. Then there will be a great change in the whole atmosphere. As a result the whole country may turn into a desert. So, Rabindranath, the great poet rightly said, “Give back the forest, take your town.” Hence we have to realize the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where a land remains unused. Diaspora The term diaspora is used to refer to the movement of people who have left their ancestralhomelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number of events of it. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades. They have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such as imperialism, trade or labour migrations or by the kind of social coherence. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt and settled themselves in Palestine. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. DEFORESTATION ‘Deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. This is the problem haunting the whole world. According to the ecologists, for liveable environment there should be forest on the 25% land of the total land area. In Bangladesh there is 16% forest of the total land. To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, man is destroying forest without caring for the ecological imbalance. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. Green patches of land are no more green. New areas of the world are getting deserts as an immediate effect of deforestation. The removal of trees causes the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Moreover, the soil gets sediment in the river bed and causes frequent floods. In absence of trees carbon-di-oxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, there is global warming. The sea level is rising. Any time in future the earth may be engulfed by seas. Hence we have to realise the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where land remains unused. The Curse of Deforestation Deforestation denotes the indiscriminate cutting down of trees and the burning down of forests. Today it is a global problem too. It is getting very acute form all over the world day by day. Everyday huge fire wood is used as fuel in brickfields and for cooking food. Besides, a lot of wood is used for making furniture, houses, boats, ships, shops and many other purposes. Illiteracy is the root cause of defore8tation. Population explosion and acute poverty are the major reasons of deforestation in our country. Public unawareness is the another principal reason of this unwise act. As a result of deforestation, carbon-di-oxide is increasing in the air rapidly. It causes global warming. It hampers ecological balance. It brings about various natural disasters .It affects our agriculture drastically. It also causes acute river-erosion which engulfs huge cultivable land, many houses, roads. culverts, schools and colleges etc. every year. Deforestation endangers the wild life and our decent life on earth. As a result of deforestation, the sea-level is increasing at an alarming rate. Random destruction of trees and forest must be stopped by enacting new and strict law and by creating social awareness and by removing illiteracy from the society. Population problem must be controlled and early marriage must be banned. The widespread use of wood must be stopped and the danger of deforestation should be telecast widely through mass media. Tree plantation programme must be made successful to subdue deforestation. Drug addiction Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain . It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles. Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs.The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries. Dowry System: A heinous social curse The most heinous system prevalent in our country is the dowry system. We often read in newspapers that wives especially newly married girls are tortured by their husbands in all possible ways. It is, therefore, regarded as a social evil and has become pressing problem to be solved. To eradicate this social evil, we must find the loophole and one should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. As it is a social evil, we are to tackle it socially. Society must be free from the idea of disparity and false feudal values, which do not recognise woman as the equal partner of man. Social and public boycotts are two of the main weapons that may be used. Additionally, strong legal measures should be taken against the erring parents who are indulging in this practice. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. Very often we move from one seminar to another, but there is no co-ordination between our words and our actions. We are not evaluating our movements, nor monitoring actions. While on one hand the dowry-related crimes continue to increase, on the other hand the programmes aimed at stopping dowry also continue to flourish. Of course, we should not belittle the struggle that has been continuing against dowry. As the problem of dowry springs from a male-dominated, poor and backward society, the movement against this issue must include socio-economic, cultural, political forces and women’s organisations. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The over-extravagant expenses for weddings and marriage-related functions must be curtailed as the bridegrooms often take dowry so as to meet these costs. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Dowry System Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Digital Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically. It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally. It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools students should get easy access to the computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era. Duties of a Student Or, Students and Social Service Students are the greatest force as well as the future leaders of a Country. They can build or destroy a nation. The primary duty of students is to acquire knowledge and to make themselves worthy citizens. It is needless to say that they get much time for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.Then they should pay attention to the welfare of the society. Students have no worries about earning their livelihood. They have strength and capacity. Students should go to the villages and serve the villagers during vacation. They can make the illiterate masses aware of their rights and duties. Hence the students can guide the people of digging canals or constructing educational institutions. Sympathy and fellow feeling should be imparted the students to do some noble works for the people. Students can co-operate with people on matters of public interest such as education, sanitation, trade and commerce. Students can participate in cleaning drains, ponds during the leisure hours. They can help people during natural calamities such as earth quake, flood, drought, cyclone by collecting funds from different sources. Students have a spirit to work but the guardians and, teacher should guide them in the right way. Student must be the servants of humanity. The aim of all true education is to teach a man how to live and lot others live. A student can learn this though social service. He gains experience, courage and confidence. Thus social service makes him fit for the greater world. DENGUE FEVER Dengue fever is a disease of Aedes mosquito-borne infection. Aedes mosquito bites during day and transmits dengue virus. It breeds in clean stagnant water both indoor and outdoor. If a person is infected, its symptoms become apparent in four to six days. Dengue virus originating from Africa, is now endemic in most tropical countries of Asia. According to the information of medical science at first dengue fever was experienced at Philadelphia in 1780. Death due to infection of dengue fever occurred in Australia in 1837. Dengue fever has broken out in Bangladesh in recent years. There are two types of dengue fever. They are classical dengue fever and Dengue Haemmorrhagic fever is fatal and it causes death with bleeding. There are four serotypes of dengue virus, such as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. DEN-2 and DEN-3 are more serious. Dengue mosquito is about 5 millimetres in size with stripe on the body and legs and can fly up to about 50 metres at a time. It breeds in small pots, jars, drums and discarded plastic containers and tyres. It lives on blood and it Aedes female mosquitoes cannot breed without blood. There is no antidote of dengue virus. So we should take immediate action to prevent this disease. DRUG ADDICTION Drug addiction is a social problem. But it is no longer a social problem of specific society, it has become a global issue. The number of drug addicts has increased all over the world. Especially, in the under-developed countries the picture is very alarming. Many young people have become addicted to drugs in our country. Reasons for this addiction are many. Of them political interest, unemployment, lack of family ties are some of the main reasons which make them addicted to drugs. Out of complete frustration they become drug addicts. Drug traffickers also play a major role to instigate the young generation to this fatal habit. Once anybody takes to this habit he can hardly give it up. Many young people who suddenly become drug addicts find difficult times to buy the costly drugs marketed by the organized drug dealers. When their financial sources to buy drugs become exhausted, they commit many social crimes. Their crimes include looting, hijacking, killing, robbery and abduction. Drug addicts also become a burden for the society. They never enjoy sound health and become crippled, in most cases die, very shortly. Drugs have serious bad impacts on the human mind and body. It is a serious national issue of utmost importance. The government, the police, the local civil administration, the political parties, the parents and the common people must respond to the issue with concerted efforts to stop this fatal practice among the young generation of the country. The Curse of Drug Addiction Or, Drug Addiction Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless. EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. Early Rising Early rising is one of the good habits of a man's life. The habit of getting up from bed early at morning is known as early rising. This good habit plays an important role in making a life successful, comfortable, fruitful and happy. Regarding this good habit there is a wise English saying. "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." In fact, it is a true proverb. Fresh air and pure oxygen are very essential to sound a health and long life. It is the only early riser who can enjoy fresh air and pure oxygen in the morning. The fresh and cool air refreshes both our mind and body. An early riser gets enough time to finish his works properly in time. He never puts off his today's work for tomorrow. The student who rises early in the morning can learn more and can make a better result in the exam. On the other hand a late riser can earn poor and leads a poor and sorrowful life. He is deprived of the facilities and pleasure of life. He is deprived of enjoying the real beauty of nature. But an early riser leads a happier, healthier and longer life. I am an early riser. So I am healthy and always make a better result in the exam. Early rising is a great source of health, wealth and wise. This good habit should be formed .1t from the very childhood in order to lead a decent life. Early Rising Early rising means getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a good habit which greatly helps our mental and physical development. An early riser can take the fresh morning breeze and enjoy the beauties of nature. To walk or to take physical exercise in the open air is good for health. It makes us active, strong and energetic. If a man gets up in the early hours of the morning, he can begin his day's work early. An early riser gets enough time to perform his duty and does not suffer in future for want of time. Generally we remain undisturbed by noises of the ordinary world in the morning. As a result, we can concentrate ire our work. A student who rises early in the morning can learn and remember his lesson better than those who get up late. A late riser can not enjoy the blessings of the morning. Sometimes he performs his duties hurriedly and thus he can not do his work according to schedule. He suffers from ill health and temperament. Therefore, the habit of early rising should be formed from early stage of life. In a word, early rising makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS Duty towards parents is a great virtue. Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us during our infancy. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for our parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfill all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. On the contrary, obedience and performing duties to parents bring happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, duty to parent is endless. So, every son every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heartfelt love. DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS A common saying goes that childhood is a dream, youth a blunder and old age a regret. Many of the old, aged, elderly persons continue to be battered, strangled to death, rendered homeless and forced to live the last few years of their life in loneliness and despair. Elderly persons are the people of greater age, experience and authority. They were the strength of our civilisation. In every locality there are lots of elderly persons. We can take many effective measures for them. We can extend helping hand to elders. We can raise a fund for the welfare of the older persons. By this fund we can establish an older persons’ inn. All the helpless older people of the locality will be able to stay there free of living cost, medical treatment cost etc. With the help of the wealthy section of society we can provide them all kinds of human rights for their recreation and reminiscence. We can arrange gathering for them. Whenever they are in any kind of trouble we can come forth to help them. We can let them know the current information of the world. We can include them in our working opportunity. Social awareness can be raised for the welfare of the elderly persons. We must be kind to them. We must treat them as they treated us when we were helpless babies creeping upon the earth. In a word, the elderly persons should not be neglected anyway. Dengue Dengue is one of the commonest mosquito-borne viral diseases in human.It causes 50-100 million infections every year in tropical countries of Asia, South America and Africa. It is caused by dengue virus, which is transmitted by the daytime-biting of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue mosquito lives in cool, dark places and around homes, schools and other areas in towns and villages. The female mosquito lays her eggs in clean, stagnant, exposed collection of water like barrels, drums, pots, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles/ tins, tyres etc. and a lot more places where rainwater collects. The first symptoms of the disease occur about 5-7 days after the infected bite. Symptoms of dengue include fever, headache, severe backache, flushing of the face. If anyone suspects dengue, he should consult with a physician. In a fraction of people bleeding from nose, gum, skin occurs, they can also develop shock. Those patients need hospitalisation for intensive care. To prevent dengue, people should be advised to use mosquito coils, sprays and other mosquito repeliants during the daytime. Babies, old people and others who may rest during the day should use mosquito nets. Curtains can also be treated with a suitable insecticide and hung at windows or doorways to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since mosquitoes which spread dengue breed in stagnant water, all water containers should be kept covered at all times. Discarded containers in which water collects e.g. bottles, cans, bags, tyres etc. should be destroyed. Water from air coolers, tanks, drums, buckets etc. should be drained out. Control measures should be taken by the city corporation along with NGO's & citizen to eliminate adult mosquitoes and eradicate their breeding sites. Dengue Fever: A disease due to unhygienic environment Dengue fever has become the ‘talk of the country’ of Bangladesh at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. It is a virus fever. There are four different antigenic varieties of dengue viruses and all are transmitted by the daytime biting of adies aegypty mosquito. They are DEN-1, 2, 3 & 4 serotypes. From these viruses, two forms of dengue are recognised. One of them is classical dengue fever and the other is dengue haemorrhagic fever. Classical dengue fever is characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, malaise, headache, facial flushing, troubles pain. This pain is worse on eye movements, conjunctival suffusion and some backache that is a prominent symptom. Lymphadenopathy, petichae on the soft palate and skin rashes may also occur. This classical dengue fever is recovered by seven days. The patient of classical dengue fever should drink adequate water, take complete rest, drink a lot of liquid food, wash whole body with wet-cloth and finally should take the tablets of paracitamol group to decrease the fever. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is very severe. It is believed to be the result of two or more sequential infections with different dengue serotypes. If the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever of a patient are found, we should take him to the hospital and consult with a doctor immediately. We have to wash the patient’s body again and again with a wet-cloth to mitigate fever. At the extreme case, it may be bleeding. The patient may be given paracitamol but never should be given aspirin group. It is a disease of children and has been found in South Asia and Africa. Adies lays its eggs on standing or stagnant water in the holes of trees, plastic bottles, plastic cans, tin-pots, tyres, green coconut plates, polythene bags etc. All of us should be conscious about the eradication of adies mosquitoes and should take necessary steps for that. Besides, government should highlight it through different media and should take essential measures to protect dengue fever. DEBATING Debating is a part of education. It is not only interesting and amusing but also has an educative value in sharpening people’s wits and brightening their intelligence. The students of the reputed school form a society for the purpose of carrying on debates on various subjects. It is known as debating society. In a debate a particular subject is chosen first. The persons of a debating society divide themselves into two groups. One group supports in favour of the subject and another opposes the subject. Both sides try to charm the house by their arguments. The discussion brings out the merits and demerits and ascertains through argument whether it is acceptable or not. At the end, the President clearly explains for and against the subject and closes the debates. Debating develops the power of thinking and expressions of the students. Through this, students get practical training to cultivate reasoning power and the power of thinking. Debating develops a student’s power of speech. It helps pupils to speak logically and relevantly. Debating widens the domain of knowledge. Above all, debating itself is a good education. DANGER OF SMOKING Smoking is a very dangerous habit. People addicted to smoking often suffer from heart attack, chronic bronchitis and some other fatal diseases including cancer. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters. Nicotine is one of them. Nicotine is so bad that it obstructs the flow of blood through the veins. This reduces the supply of oxygen in the body. It causes the rise of blood pressure and increases the heart beat thereby. Secondly, tobacco tar inside the lungs slow down the action of the cilia and at last destroys them. But cilium is important for sweeping out the germs, mucuses and dirt from the lungs. Thirdly, the presence of carbon mono-oxide in the tobacco smoke drives out the oxygen from the blood and it is equally bad for health. It also harms the nerves, damages the brain and sometimes spoils character. People addicted to smoking lose their appetite for food and energy for power. Smoking can cause irritation in the eye, offend the nose and unsettle the mind. Besides, it also pollutes the environment and air. Smoking is so dangerous that the stench of cigarette is repulsive to a non-smoker. Moreover, it wastes a lot of money. So, smoking needs to be given up and it can be done with a bit of determination. DOWRY SYSTEM Dowry is a social curse that has centered into every comer of our country. Dowry system refers to the system or custom in some societies in which a wife or her family must pay money or property or the both to her husband when they get married. The money or the property given is known as dowry. This abominable system is very disgraceful for any woman of self-respect. Women are the victims of his heinous system. The whole family of the bride is to suffer because the parents or brothers of the bride are to arrange the money to give the bridegroom or to his family. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors are responsible for this detestable system. In some societies it is established as a social norm and they have accepted it normally. A poor husband wants to get a sum of money from his in-laws to start a business or to spend. In some societies it has been a culture to give and take dowry. But Islam does not support taking or giving dowry. The Hindu law withdraws the right of a woman's paternal property when she gets married. For this reason she along with her husband does not hesitate to take dowry. Due to this system the father's family of a bride often gets bankrupt. Dowry system also demeans women. A social awareness against dowry system is a must to stop this evil practice. The conscious and respected people should come forward to stop it. We should even adopt a law against this system. The Curse of Dowry Dowry is the most inhuman and alarming custom in our society. It is a social curse . But this evil social custom was more severe in the early age. A wife or her family is forced to pay money or jewellery or furniture to her husband when they get married. The money or property given is known as dowry. A poor family in our society having a maiden (unmarried girl) faces a severe problem owing to this evil custom. The poor parents can't arrange a marriage ceremony of their unmarried daughters due to dowry. Today this heinous custom is very common in our society. The poor and the illiterate girls are the worst victims of this vicious and heinous custom. Almost everyday the grim picture of this brutal sight is seen on TV screen or in newspapers. Gender discrimination is the root cause of it. Illiteracy and ignorance is another root cause of dowry. Extreme poverty and social unawareness are also great causes of this evil custom. Social superstition is another reason of it. The poor parents have to suffer much to meet up the illegal demand. This evil practice harms the dignity of the women society. It hampers severely peace and order in the society. It commits various crimes and sinful acts in the society. Owing to dowry system many parents have already become helpless and landless. In order to get rid of this evil custom social awareness must be raised. Illiteracy, ignorance and social superstition must be removed from the society. True female education should be ensured and new and strict law must be enacted and enforced against this brute custom. DRUG ADDICTION Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken by some people for stimulating effect. This habit of taking harmfuldrugs is called drug addiction. Heroine, opium, morphin, cocaine, phensidyl etc are some of the drugs. The person who once starts taking drugs cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind people's getting addicted to the detrimental drugs. Some people take drugs to forget their painful past or memories. Some people take drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. There is also another type of people who at first take drugs as a fun but it turns into an addiction later on. The aftermaths of drug addiction is very dire and despicable. The health of the addicts breaks down. The addicts lose their mental power and courage. He feels drowsy and loses appetite. They lose their social status and the love of their near and dear ones as well. Various kinds of diseases grasp them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia, nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and from many other lethal diseases. Their kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drug addiction is not only a national problem but also a global problem. So, it should be stopped by any means. I can save myself from it by self-consciousness, by keeping myself aloof from bad companies and by being strict. minded against it. THE LIFE OF A DAY LABOURER A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of the brow. He may work as a sweeper, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant and an earth digger. His service is essential for the country. He produces crops by his hard labour. He cleans dirty places and makes them habitable. He builds houses, skyscrapers. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He works in the dockyard. He helps making launches, steamers and barges. He carries heavy loads of earth and digs canals. It is he who also works in ports. He works in mines. Drilling in gas-fields is made possible by his labour. In this way he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. A day labourer is very poor. He can hardly make his both ends meet. He has no fixed income. He gets wages if he can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He lives in slums. In some cases, he is found passing his time in gambling and drinking. He does not think of the future. So, he leads a hard and miserable life. We should find out ways and means to raise his position. E Environmental Pollution: A cause of health-hazard Nature, air, water, land and all other things around us in which we live are called environment. Any unexpected and abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called the environmental pollution. Now our environment is getting polluted every moment in many ways. In major cities and towns motor vehicles, mills and factories are creating fume and smoke and they pollute air. Man makes fires to cook food, to make bricks, to melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil and this smoke pollutes the air. Water, another vital element of the environment like air, is also polluted in many ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Chemicals, fertilisers and insecticides get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds, and thus pollute water. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers, canals and seas and water is polluted. Moreover, water vehicles, unsafe drains and unsanitary latrines are also responsible for water pollution. These days many rivers and lakes are getting filthy. Forests and trees are being cut down on a large scale. So, the ecosystem of the environment is now in great danger. The noise of motor vehicles, mills and factories, aeroplanes, domestic appliances, radios, cassette players, CDs, televisions etc pollutes sound and this polluted sound affects our hearing. The government must take effective steps to prevent the pollution. People of all classes should come forward to control this environmental pollution because it is necessary for our own existence. EID FESTIVAL Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy. During the month the Muslims fast, pray and make sacrifice. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. As an essential part of Islam, the month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds. Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. Eid is also a communion of souls. It is the occasion for thanksgiving to the Almighty Creator. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by pious Muslims who follow the commandments of Allah during Holy Ramadan. Eid in fact awakens in us the spirit that stimulates us in giving a concrete shape to our worldly and spiritual life. The common scene on Eid day is exchanging greetings after prayers, visiting family members, friends and neighbours. Thus Muslims resume their normal life after Ramadan. They become enriched and better prepared to work according to the dictates of Islam. On this occasion, we should pledge to establish an exploitation-free society on the basis of religious values and that is how we should observe Eid-ul-Fitr. An Eid Day I Celebrated Or, A Religious Festival I Enjoyed The Eid is one of the greatest festivals of the Muslims. The Muslims celebrate two Eid festivals a year. One is called Eid-ul-Fitre and another is Eid-ul-Azha. Eid-ulFitre appears to the Muslims after the month of Ramadan. The other appears/ comes after 70 days. I come of a respectable Muslim family. Every year, our family celebrates Eid-Festivals very nicely. On the last Eid day I got up frombed before sun rise. After washing hands and face I said my morning prayer. I along with my younger sister decorated our house very nicely with coloured papers. flowers, festoons and baloons. Then I took/had my.bath with my neighbouring friends. At morning mother cooked very delicious foods like piais, semai,fimi, birani and many others sweets. I ate them with my heart's content. Then I put on dress. I went to the Eidgah Maidan with my grandfather, father, uncle, elder brother and cousins. After Eid-prayer, I embraced with our villagers. On returning from the Eidgah, I visited our neighbours and relatives. All the members of our family ate a rich food together at noon at home. In the afternoon I enjoyed a friendly football match held on our village playground. At night I enjoyed many interesting programmes on the TV screen. Thus, I celebrated the last Eid Day with great joy. An Eid-Day has a great importance in our life. It awakens love and affection. It also teaches us that there is no difference between high and low in the eye of Allah. Eid-ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. I ho Eid marks the end of the month-long fasting of Ramadan. The Muslims curiously wait for this significant day after keeping away from all sorts of wrong, inhuman and harmful activities on this day and the Muslims come closer to one another and exchange their greetings. The pleasure of the children knows no bound. They put on new dresses and visit houses of one another. On this day Muslims get up early in the morning and say their morning prayer. After taking bath they put on new dresses that is Punjabi and pajama and go to Eidgah to say their Eid prayer. After completing the prayer, they embrace each other and exchange greetings saying Eid Mubarak. Then they come back home and salute their elders. They take their foods especially made on that occasion. Wearing new dresses they go out to visit the friends, neighbours and relatives. On this day, we should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Indeed Eid-ul-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness. It teaches us to love to all irrespective to rich and poor. E-mail E-mail is one of the most useful and wonderful inventions of modern science. Modern science has made impossible possible by inventing many useful and wonderful tools and devices. It has brought about the whole world to our grip . E-mail is one of the most useful means of communication in this new era E-mail communication is user to user via a computer. It is easier and cheaper than fax, telephone and telex. Telex is also an electric mail. Telex service is terminal to terminal while E-mail service is user to user via a computer. Privacy is fully maintained in E-mail service. Any messages can be sent from one corner to another of the globe within seconds by using E-mail service. Office-files can be exchanged easily and quickly by using this service. Now trade and commerce greatly depend on this rapid communication service. E-mail system has quickened the activities and transactions of any offices and banks, trade and commerce. Our student society enjoys a lot of advantages by using E-mail service. They can discuss with their teachers sitting at home through E-mail. They can also do library works and get necessary academic information through this useful service by staying at home. It has also quickened the globalization process. Besides, E-mail service saves a lot of papers and times. This service has made our life very easier and happier. Email service should be made more popular in order to make our programmes and plans more successful and fruitful. Earthquake Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there arc a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses. E-mail Electronic mail, popularly known as ‘e-mail’, is the communication of textual messages via electronic means. E-mail is delivered to individual electronic mail boxes based in computers. In order to operate an e-mail system we need a personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection. An important advantage of e-mail is its ability to reduce the consumption of paper in the office. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper. Being a computer-based messaging system, files prepared on computers can be instantly copied and easily exchanged as e-mail. E-mail turns out to be a cheaper alternative to telephone conversation and eliminates the time spent in establishing phone calls. E-mail permits communication between two parties without the parties actually being present simultaneously. Privacy is ensured as the mail is delivered to an individual’s mail box which can be accessed or opened only by the intended recipient. E-mail has brought about a revolution in modem communication. Messages can be transmitted from one country to another within seconds. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten tmes faster than telex. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent on this speedy mode of communication. It has, however, not reached every one, especially in developing countries like ours, as most people cannot afford to have a personal computer. But even here people have started using commercially operated e-mail facilities for important purposes. Email Electronic mail or simply E-mail is very much popular now-a-days for its speedy transmission of information’s and cost effectiveness. Hence information provided by a sender is delivered asynchronously to a point where it can be retrieved and processed later on by one or more recipients of the sender’s choice. In an E-Mail system, there is a number and the sender keeps on dialing the desired number till he/she is successful. Once it is connected, the PC terminal of the sender sends the message to the PC terminal of the recipient at a very high speed. There is no need of any physical presence of both the sender and the receiver. The sender can enter the message and the receiver can retrieve it whenever he/she is free. The message will remain in PC’s memory. The transmission of messages is usually done through landlines or satellite communications or through marine cables. E-mail has lot of advantages to its credit. It is cost effective. Very less money is required In comparison to other transmission device. It is time saver. Within very short time messages can be sent. There is no need of presence of either the sender or the receiver. Once the message is entered into PC’s it will remain in the receiver PC’s memory. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten times faster than telex. There is the system of using password which each subscriber can choose to use. Hence E-mail gives security of message. Eve–Teasing Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self generated respect for women coming from our hearts. Etiquette and Manners We have two-terms to describe our social behavior- ‘etiquette’ and ‘manners’. ‘Etiquette’ is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word ‘manners’ means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them ad practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as ‘pardon me’, ‘excuse me’, ‘may I’ are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can’t always behave the way you want especially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh Higher education refers to education beyond the secondary level especially education provided by a college or university. Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrolment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions. There are only handful universities in our country. Due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education. Only about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities. Most universities cannot offer a wide range of subjects. Library, laboratory, Internet and research facilities are not satisfactory. Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates, and exhibitions are hardly held in these institutions and there is not much scope for national and international exposure for promising young knowledge seekers. This problem may be impossible to solve overnight but it can be lessen gradually. The number of universities must be increased in this regard. The poor students should have the accessibility like others. Moreover, the facilities of educational sectors should be increased and upgraded. The govt. should take the responsibility steps to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this. E – Learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming video, audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD or DVD-ROM and computer-based, as well as web-based learning. In e-learning every step such as, registration, admission, classroom entry and exit, class work, attendance, discussion with course mates, feedback, exams and finally certification must take place electronically through computer and the Internet technology in a virtual campus. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many people involved in e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most of the e-learning uses combinations of many techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, eportfolios, educational websites and virtual classrooms. E-Learning has become an important technique that educational as well as business institutions invest a great deal of money, time and effort in order to make use of it. E-Learning has proven to be the cheapest way to transmit knowledge to the largest number of people regardless of their location and their devices. Most of the existing e-Learning environments present some similarities and most educators need several tools to efficiently make use of e-Learning. In short, e-learning has helped people to learn about anything they want, anytime they want by using modern technologies and thus spreading knowledge all around the world. The necessity of education Education is the process by which we can develop our mind through formal learning at an institution like school, college or university. It is one of the basic needs of human being. It is also essential for any kind of development. The purpose of education is to enlighten the individual and develop one’s capacity to the limit. It helps one to distinguish between right and wrong. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It ennobles our mind and refines our sensibility. In this way education can certainly remove the darkness of ignorance. Besides, education broadens our outlook. It promotes humanity and universal brotherhood. Thus education promotes understanding among people of all climes. Education can be used as catalyst for a change for the better. Education provides us with the knowledge of health, sanitation and population control. It also enhances our ability to raise crops, increase industrial production, store food, protect the environment and carry out our social responsibilities. Thus education contributes enough towards a change for the better and its necessity can more be felt than described. It goes without saying that No Education, No Life! Just like food, water and air, education has become a basic necessity for everyone to survive in today’s world. AN EVENING WALK BY THE RIVERSIDE A walk by the riverside is pleasant to all. It is a source of joy to a fatigued person and an idle one as well. A walk by the riverside is also a popular means to enjoy one’s leisure time. The other day I felt tired and bored with my regular tasks. So, I went for a walk by the riverside to remove the weariness. I could breathe in the open air of the riverside. It refreshed my body and mind. The pleasing sights of the river gave me joy. The ripples of the river water, the sands with green paddy, the green trees and plants standing on both the banks of the river ---- these all satisfied my eyes. The murmuring sound of the river pleased my ears. I was delighted to see the birds of different types flying over the river and its banks. Boats of different sizes with coloured soil were always found playing on the bosom of the river. It became an absolute source of joy. In a word, the bounteous charms of the riverside made me extremely happy. They cast a soothing influence on my body and mind. AN EVENT THAT HAS EVERLASTING IMPRESSION IN MY LIFE An experience that helps restore faith in humanity is something that one loves to remember forever. I have had one such pleasant experience in my life. I was then in Class 10. One day I was returning home after school hours by a rickshaw. At about quarter past four I reached home. My mother noticed that I was without my school bag and asked me about it. I was surprised that I did not notice my empty hand and had forgotten about my bag. Thinking back, I remembered that I was carrying it when I was on the rickshaw. I must have left it there unmindfully. I rushed out, but the rickshaw was gone. I had my textbooks, a few invaluable notebooks and some money in that bag. I was totally perplexed, sad and worried. Next day in the morning, as I was attending my class, the gatekeeper of our school came and informed me that someone was mentioning my name and requesting to see me. I went with him and saw that same rickshaw- puller standing near the gate. Timidly he stepped forward and produced the school bag. He said that he found it on his rickshaw about half an hour after I had left. I was full of joy and offered him a twenty-taka note. He accepted it reluctantly. My joy was due even more to the discovery that such honesty still existed than getting back my bag. I felt convinced that values and honesty still survived and more so, among our poor friends. Indeed the event has an everlasting impression in my life. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial charge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste cause serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution denotes wonderful alteration among the different elements of the environment which is a great threat to human beings, animals, wildlife and plants on earth. All the elements of the environment are closely related to one another. Pollution occurs in the environment if any element is changed or affected. There are various kinds of pollution like-air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution. All these pollutions are together called environmental, pollution. Smoke and fume are the main culprits for air pollution. Mills, factories, industries, motor vehicles, power-houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke and fume which pollute the air seriously. Deforestation is another root cause of air pollution. Toxic chemical waste industrial products and garbage are the main culprits of water pollution. Water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste, human waste and burnt oil into rivers and canals. The widespread use of in the fields seriously pollutes chemical fertilizers and insecticides water. Hydraulic horns of motor vehicles and the loud speakers of cassette players and mikes are the main culprits of sound pollution. Illiteracy, mass unawareness, population explosion and extreme poverty create environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes various fatal diseases and brings about various natural disasters . It harms food production and causes the extinction of wild animals. It also causes ecological imbalance which endangers (fa9m our life on earth. In order to keep our environment danger free, environmental pollution must be controlled by raising public awareness, by removing illiteracy and poverty and by controlling population explosion. If we fail to check environmental pollution, our existence on earth will become difficult and impossible. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (Air & Water Pollution) Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air; man makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Thus air and water polluted and as a result life becomes difficult or impossible. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution means contamination or adulteration of one substance by another inferior one. It is a process by which the ecological balance of our environment is disturbed. There are various kinds of pollution, for example, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, etc. Water can be polluted in many ways. We throw waste into water. Oil seeps out from the vessels like launches, steamers, etc. Various insecticides used by the farmers get mixed with water and pollute it. Mills and factories also release their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers. Latrines and unsafe drains standing on the river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Air is polluted mainly by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke by burning coal and oil Mills and factories create a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars emit smoke too. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. There is a serious impact of air pollution on us. It causes many diseases like cancer, bronchitis, etc. Again the increase of temperature caused by air pollution is a menace to our environment. Sound is polluted by microphones, loudspeakers and vehicles horns, specially the hydraulic horns. Sound pollution causes hearing problem and damages brain and nerves. So we, in association with the government, should take necessary steps to check air, water and sound pollution. Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted everyday for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets everyday and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of trees has also turned unbalanced environment. The ecological balance is being lost as a result of environment pollution. If we all desire to live a healthy and tranquillized life, we should make our environment clean and free from pollution. We should be all whole-heartedly in keeping our environment fit for habitation. EXAM FITNESS/Strategies Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. Examination Strategies or Examination Fitness (i) What are strategies for the approach to Examination? (ii) What should you do firstly at the examination? (iii) How can you allocate time for answering the question paper at the Examination? (iv) How can you make your answer legible? (v) What should one do for planning to answer each question? Strategy is an appropriate word for the approach to the examination on the day. Examination strategies mean examination skill which we may apply on the examination day. Checking and double checking the examination dates and times are most important for examination strategies. Budgeting time and avoiding allocating elaborate adequate answers are also significant. The strategies also include following instructions and attempting to answer all the questions. It is better to read through the question paper before starting to write. It is very useful to spend at least five minutes per question thinking about and planning answer. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions. It helps the examinee to conscious what he or she is required to do. To check back half way through writing the answer is good. One should also make answer legible. A good plan about the examination leads a student to success. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he/she wins his/her chances of success. So students should be conscious of both subject knowledge and examination strategies to build a bright future. EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN OUR SCHOOL Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra-curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. Our school, being a modern one provides us with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. In our school, we have a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week we practise debating among ourselves. Sometimes we arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides we regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In our school there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of us join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which we don’t get in our text books. These activities go simultaneously with our regular academic studies. As a results, we do not feel bored in our studies, rather we feel quite enthusiastic in our mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help us immensely to be a complete man. EXPERIENCE OF A NIGHT SAFARI TOUR A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. It is organized as a holiday tour. I also had such an experience. It was a night safari organised as a holiday tour. A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. I had the opportunity to visit Dulhazara Safari Park. While visiting, I wanted to see as many places as I could. In the zoo, I saw many nocturnal animals which started moving for hunting at dusk. Using the faint lighting we could watch the animals without disturbing them. In the zoo there were 800 animals from 30 exotic species. Tigers, striped hyenas, golden jackals, blue sheep and the rare grater one-horned rhinoceros were remarkable. The total voyage covered an area of 40 hectares of secondary jungle. Riding a tram, I arrived at the zoo and discovered large grounds. At the end of the journey, I enjoyed a sumptuous buffet dinner in the midst of nature. After dinner I took a leisurely walk and took a closer look at the animals. It was a memorable experience for me to watch tigers and hyenas feasting upon antelopes. Really the journey gave me ample scope to enjoy the beauty of Nature from a closer view. The evening breeze, the setting sun and peace and quietness of the Nature --- all were wonderful experiences to enjoy. After the journey we in the end came back to our starting point. This was really a strange and memorable experience in my life. BENEFITS OF EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. THE ESKIMOS The Eskimos are the people who have traditionally lived in the arctic region. ‘Eskimo’ is a Native American word meaning ‘people who eat raw meat’. The Eskimos call themselves ‘Inuit’ meaning ‘the people’. The Eskimos are the most widely spread group in the world still leading a partly aboriginal way of life. They live in a region that spans more than 3500 miles, including Greenland, the northern fringe of North America, and a part of eastern Siberia. The Eskimos are racially distinct from the American Indians. They are most closely related to the Mongolain people of eastern Asia. The Eskimos successfully adapted themselves to a cold, harsh climate because of their highly inventive skill. Traditionally the Eskimos live in an igloo, wear hooded jackets, pants and water proof boots. Their clothes have basic cuts and are made from skins of birds and animals like the seal, caribou and the polar bear. The clothes are sewn with needles made from boned an animal cord called sinew thread. They hunt with arrows and harpoons, eat food from hunting and travel on sledge, pulled by dogs. But the modern Eskimos live in brick-built modern houses, wear imported clothes made of animal skins, fur and other materials having modern cuts and designs, hunt with guns, eat food available in the supermarkets, use snow-mobile for travelling and go shopping. They would make things from almost anything and everything. The Eskimos spend the winter in crowd in a larger settlement and then dispersed into smaller, family-sized bands during the summer. During the summer they leave the permanent communities and live in animal skin tents at favourite spots for seal hunting fishing and collecting birds, eggs and plants. This is how the Eskimos lead their life. Teacher's Comment: The student achieve 60% marks F Female Education: A great stride towards development Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy i s alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realise the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronise the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country. Use and Abuse of Facebook Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people. Food Adulteration Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food posioning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products. Folk Music Folk music consists of ancient songs and music from the heart of a community based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Some notable folk singers like Shiraj Saiah, Lalon shah, Shah Abdul Karim, Hasan Raja, Abbas Uddin‚ Abdul Alim and Radha Roman have made the folk musk popular among the people of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira. Tribes like the Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripuri, Marma etc. have interacted with ethnic Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or Muslim; others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‘’roof-beating’’ songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops. Fax Facsimile, popularly known as fax, is a device that can send or receive a document, pictures and text over a telephone line. It is really a very wonderful machine which can transmit any document to another day machine located with in home or abroad in a very short time. It looks like a calculator-cum telephone set. Almost all modem s manufactured today are capable of sending and receiving fax data. Fax/modem software generates fax signals directly from disk files or the screen. Even if a document is text only, it is treated by the computer as a scanned image and is transmitted to the receiver as a bitmap. Faxing a message online works well if the recipient wants only to read the message. However, if the document requires editing, it must be converted into text by an OCR program, or it must be retyped manually into the computer. A more efficient method of sending documents that require modification is through the e-mail system. E-mail files are already ASCII text so they can be edited immediately in any text editor or word processing program. The Internet now provides a new and cheaper way to send faxes in some cases. A number of free and commercial companies provide arrangements for using the Internet rather than the public telephone system for most or part of the path to the fax point. Some services also provide the ability to broadcast a fax to multiple addresses. Nowadays being practically a time saving device, it has taken the place of teleprinter and is playing a vital role in international communication system. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing in the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school at 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The school hall was beautifully decorated with charts, buntings, flowers and placards. The main table, on which the Headmaster and the Inspector of Schools were to sit, was beautifully decorated with flowerpots. There were many chairs for the outgoing students, staff and students of Class X. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. His speech which was full of praise and appreciation for our outgoing class was delivered in a befitting manner. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I lauded the good arrangements made by the host and accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. When I was delivering the speech, I was deriving a mingled pleasure. I was feeling sad because of the separation from my old and august institution in whose lap I got education and training of my mind and body. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. He made a fervent appeal to build our mind and character on sound lines. He stressed upon us to intricate a spirit of service and sacrifice as well as of patriotism and nationalism. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing at the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school, it was 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. A Farmer A farmer is he who lives by cultivation. Almost 75% of people of our land are farmers. Our farmers live in villages. His house is made of corrugated iron sheets or straws. He is very honest, laborious and simple. He gets up from bed at dawn\_~) and goes to his field after taking some stale rice with green chilli .He works from dawn to dusk. He works both in rough and fair weather. He tills his land with his hand-made wooden tools. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate and landless. So they do not know the value of scientific method of cultivation. They live from hand to mouth. Most of them live below extreme poverty line. A poor farmer can not buy good seeds, fertilizers and insecticides and has no ability to, use the power tiller. Asa result, he can not grow better crops. He cannot educate his children properly. He depends on rain. He does not get good harvest when there is no rain or less rain. Sometimes, he gets loan- from the money-lender or a bank. If he fails to repay his loan in time, he has to sell what he has. He becomes happy when he gets good harvest and getspains when he gets no good harvest. Though a farmer is poor, he leads an hon est, life. A farmer is our real friend but has a little dignity and love in our society. Our government should sanction him a necessary loan to change his poor condition for our greater interest. A FARMER Bangladesh is an agricultural country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. A Fish Market There is a special charm (attraction) of a fish market to the people of Bangladesh. A fish- market is a part and parcel of the market in our country. It is a place where fishes are bought and sold. The fish-sellers take seats in rows. Generally there is a platform on which the fish-sellers sit with their big baskets full of fishes. They take their fishes in small quantities out of their baskets and arrange them for sale. Sometimes they sprinkle water from an earthen pot. It looks fishes fresh and lively. The best fishes generally attract large crowds of customers. Small fishes are kept separately for the poor people. The fish-sellers are very clever. They never tell their buyers the exact price of their fishes. They usually demand much higher prices. Consequently, higgling continues between the buyers and the fish-sellers. This makes the fish market the noisy place in the whole market. On the whole, a fish market plays an important role in our daily life. A flood that I have experienced A flood is a devastating natural calamity. Floods occur in Bangladesh almost every year. I give here below my experience of a destructive flood that visited our locality last year. It affected almost all the districts of this country. Before flood there was heavy rainfall for days together. The water began to rise in an abnormal way. Soon it rose above the danger level. Gradually all the lands and roads went under water. The communication was cut off. The crops were destroyed. The houses and cattle were swept away by the current. There was water and water everywhere. No trace of land was found to stand on. Then the boat was the only means of communication for going from one place to another. In some villages whole families perished. In our village a few, somehow, managed to save themselves by climbing on the trees-tops, the roofs of semi brick-built houses. The government and the N.G.O’s took direct steps to fight with this natural calamity. It took a long time to make up the harrowing toll of distress caused by the flood last year which I experienced from a close quarter. LIFE OF A FARMER Bangladesh is an agro-based country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. Life of a Farmer Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. So 85% of her population are farmers. But most of the farmers of our country have no landed property. They till the land of other landlords. A farmer gets up early in the morning. He takes a simple breakfast with panthabhat and goes to the field with wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He ploughs the land, sows the seeds and weeds out. He comes back home at noon, takes bath and meal. Then he takes rest for a while and again goes to the field and works till it is dusk. During the rainy season, he spends the whole day in the field. He works from dawn to dusk. His income is very scanty. The big share ()f his labour goes to the landlords. He has both pleasure and pain in his life. He gets pleasure when he can provide his children with food and cloths. He feels pain when he fails to do so. That is to say, ho lives from hand to mouth. Though our farmers are doing their boss to feed the nation, yet they remain in debts. Therefore, we should try heart and soul to improve their lot / condition. A flood I have witnessed Bangladesh is a riverine country. Flood is one of the destructive natural calamities. Ours is a low country on the mouth of Bay of Bengal. Flood occurs almost every year in our country. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of floods. I have an experience about the severity of flood. Two years ago, during a rainy season, all of our family members went to our village to spend the vacation. There was excessive rainfall in the village. But the sudden increase of water in the rivers overflowed their banks and submerged the land. The flood water washed away houses, ruined crops, uprooted the trees and destroyed men and cattle. Many people were rendered homeless and many lives were lost. That flood broke all the records of the past. The whole country was inundated. All communication was cut off. So, the sufferings of the people knew no bounds. The after effects were even more dangerous. Epidemic and famine broke out in the village. People suffered from lack of drinking water. There were scarcity of foods, clothes, medicines and so on. The dead body of man and animal were here and there. In one word, the situation of the whole country was horrifying. It was really a sad episode of my life. I will never forget it for its devastation. A FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. Female education Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal.Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water. It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education. Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. The Importance of Female Education Female education is the precondition of the development of a nation. Both men and women are the members of a society. So it is true that both men and women should receive proper education in order to build up a happy and progressive society. Education is the back bone of a nation. It is compared to light and focus of a society. No development and progress is possible without proper and true education. Without proper education a society or a nation is deaf. dump and blind. About half of the population of our country is female. Only education can make women conscious of their rights and duties. So female education is a must. A mother is the best teacher of their.children. In all advanced countries majority of school and college teachers are women. Generally they are more friendly, careful and laborious than men. In the meantime the government of Bangladesh has introduced stipend for female students which encourage female students to get proper education. By getting proper education women can learn well about child care, sanitation. the value of family planning and the rules of health. An educated woman can also play an important role in improving national economy like a man. All necessary and proper steps should be taken to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. Finally. Napoleon says, "Give me an educated mother; I shall give you an educated nation. A Foggy Morning Fog is generally seen in winter morning. A cloudy and gloomy night creates fog. The period of night becomes longer but the fog remains throughout till sun rise. In the winter morning, it is seen on the blades of the grass and the leaves of the trees. All nature seems to wear a fresh dress of peace and purity. It looks very beautiful. Neither the earth nor the horizon is visible. The sun is not visible for a long period. The fog is not transparent. As a result, nothing can be seen clearly through it. People feel uneasy. Even the animals do not like it. They are not willing to graze in the field. In such a morning, everything seems dull. Children also feel uneasy. All activities of the people about to standstill. At times, the drivers of the vehicles can not ply their vehicles in the roads and streets properly. That is to say, everything looks hazy. The sun light is welcome to the people at that time. When the sun rises, fog disappears. However, a foggy morning is unpleasant and uncomfortable. FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a developing country. The people of this country may not be wealthy but they are rich in their heart. Inhabitants of this country have long been reputed for their hospitability. They pass their life with many festivities. People of different cast and creed live together in peace and harmony in this country. That’s why we see a great variety of festivals being celebrated by them. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr’ and ‘Eid-Ul-Azha’ are the major religious festivals of the Muslims. The Hindus celebrate ‘Durga Puja’ as their main religious festival. ‘Buddha Purnima’ is the chief religious program of the Buddhists. The Christians celebrate ‘Christmas Day’ as their principal festival. The country commemorates some other festivals which people of all walks of life observe together regardless of all their difference. 25th March is celebrated as ‘Independent Day’. The declaration of the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed on this day of 1971. 16th December is our ‘Victory Day’. We gained freedom from the occupying Pakistani force on this day of 1971. Both of these events are observes with profound respect by the people of Bangladesh. ‘Pahela Baishakh’ is a program which is very significant in out national life. It is the first day of a new Bangla year. This day is celebrated with many cultural programs and in some places by arranging ‘Mela’. This program represents the pen-picture of the nation’s national culture. Hence, it is our national festival. All this festivals indeed, makes us a very colourful nation. FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL School is an institution where students learn a lot of things. It is an indispensable part of student life. Besides giving academic learning, it also enables the students to be perfect men in life. So school plays a very important role in student life. Actually student life cannot be imagined without school. Accordingly, first day at school is a momentous event of student life. It is the beginning of student life. First day at school is a new experience for every student. On that particular day students express their mixed feelings. That day they not only feel thrilled but also get nervous because of not having any previous experience. At the same time they think that a new experience is a new examination for them. However, first day at school is a memorable day for every student no doubt. It was the same for me. On my first day I went to my new school with my father. We met the Headmaster of the school, Mr. Rahman. The Headmaster asked me some questions. I answered them well. But I felt worried and nervous because I did not know anybody at my new school. Then the Headmaster took me to my classroom. There I saw a lot of students like myself. One of them was Navid. He asked me my name. I liked him. Afterwards we became good friends. I enjoyed my first day at my new school. I found that the teachers and students in my new school were very amicable. I liked them and I always want to remember them. And my worry came to an end. A Fisherman A fisherman is a very useful person in our society. He is a very common figure to the people of Bangladesh because Bangladesh is a dream land of rivers, seas, canals, haors, beels. lakes, tanks and ponds. A fishes man is he who lives by ". ct -~Pw) catching and selling fishes. He is very laborious and courageous in nature.: fisherman lives in a village near a canal or a river or a sea. He uses a boat for catching fish. He catches fish by his hand-made net. On the rainy day, he and the members of his family make new nets and repair the old ones. Most of the fishermen are illiterate and very poor. They have no net or boat of their own. So they work in groups. Fishing in the big river or the sea is very risky and challenging but interesting too. He often catches fish in the deep sea or at stormy nights. His pleasure knows no bounds when he catches a big fish or a lot of fish. In spite of strugglingling. Hard a fisherman leads a very sorrowful and miserable life. He can not educate his children because of his extreme poverty .He hardly enjoys happiness and pleasure of life. In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. Yet-, he feels proud because he leads an honest life. He does a great- good to us by supplying fishes. He supports his family by his honest service. Really he is our great friend. Our govt. should provide him with a necessary loan to change the wheels of his lot for our greater interest. A FOUNTAIN PEN A fountain pen is a writing pen with an inside-tube, which supplies ink. It has mainly two parts----the body and the cap. The body has four parts----an ink-holder, a mouth, a nib-fitter and a nib. The cap consists of a crew and clip. The nib and the nib-fitter are closely connected with the mouth of the body. When the pen is on work, the cap is placed on the top of the body. At other times it is used as a covering of the nib. The nib is so constructed that the ink can smoothly flow through it. A fountain pen has an automatic flow of ink. There are many kinds of fountain pen. They differ in sizes and shapes. It is essential for every student, educated man and woman. A fountain pen is very beautiful to look at. Now-a-days, it is not commonly used. It sometimes serves the purpose of an ornament. A fountain pen is a part of modern civilization. A Fountain Pen A fountain pen is a part and parcel of an educated person. It is nothing but a good looking writing instrument in which ink fountains. It is of various shapes, sizes and colours. Generally it consists of three main parts - the cap, the body and the nib. The cap is made of copper or nickel or some other metal. The cap protects the nib. It has a clip with which the pen is fixed to the pocket or the bag. The body of the pen contains ink. It is generally made of plastic, metal etc. Nowadays, most of the pens have modern tubes, within their bodies and these tubes contain ink. The nib with a feeder is the lower part of a fountain pen. The nib is so made that ink can easily flow through it. The nib is made of copper or nickel. Sometimes it is made of gold. The price of the fountain pen depends on the metal with which the cap and the nib are made. A good fountain pen is, as It were, an ornament to a man or woman. We can not think even for a single moment without a fountain pen. In fact, we can say that it is a good and faithful friend of the student as well as the teacher. FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. FRIENDSHIP Friendship is a human instinct between two persons not bound by any relationship. It is a divine tie between one individual and the other. It is one of the greatest blessings of the Almighty to man. It is a relationship which is based on the union of same minded persons. Absolute trust for one another builds up unshakable friendship. The two friends must always belong to the same and uneven level of feelings for each other. True friend is never fortune-hunter. He always remains beside his friend. In the days of our prosperity, there is no want of friend. But when we fall in crisis, true friends are tested. A real friend will never desert us if we are in problem. A true friend is himself a guide for us. He always tries to keep us in right path. He never keeps himself busy for his own self. If we violate his advice and fall in danger, he comes forward and spreads his helping hand to save us from all sorts of danger. It is the friendship that sometimes springs from the mental esteem and from our long attachment. But we must be careful when we select friend. It is said that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we must select a person as a friend who is honest, noble and sincere. And only by this way, a true friendship is possible. FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is the problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measure to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are also helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country. THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. Thus a garment worker passes her daily activities with ups and downs. FUTURE PLAN OF MY LIFE One must settle some plans or aim in life because without them life becomes a drifting boat in a stormy sea, always looking fora land to anchor. It may be disputed that humans cannot follow all their plans owing to the adversity of time. However, I have fixed up a plan for myself. I have a desire to serve the country. With this in mind, I want to be a teacher, the noblest person in the society, who is morally obliged to build and mould up a sound society. Teaching has always been regarded as a noble profession. It is the teachers who impart knowledge, provide consciousness, humanity to the inhabitants of the society and serve until the last day of their life. This is why I have chosen to be a teaches. Right from this moment, I am preparing for my future. I will enter university and work sincerely to complete my graduation and post-graduation and, then try to receive training ing for effective teaching. It is really encouraging for me that my parents have their support and cooperation for my aim. They all believe that my sincerity, determination, vivacity in my work will obviously contribute to the development of the society. FLOOD Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Her lands are also low lying. So floods visit this country almost every year. Flood is a natural calamity. The excessive overflow of water that carries away houses, uproots trees and plants and damages crops is called flood. There are many causes of flood. They are heavy rainfall, tidal waves, terrible storm, earthquakes, snow melt etc. Flood causes heavy damage to life and property of the people. It washes away villages and towns. The streets, roads and houses go under water during flood. People suffer much and their normal life is disturbed. The after effects of flood are very dangerous. People do not get pure drinking water. So, various kinds of diseases break out in the flood affected areas. Famine also breaks out in those areas. Flood does some good to us by bringing much silt and making land fertile. In our country flood means a terrible misfortune. The people of Bangladesh cannot forget the terrible floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, and 1988. The recent flood of 1998 affected almost all the districts of Bangladesh. We must find out a solution of this problem. G Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male an d female in the field of observing rights as a human being. In the developed countries there is no gender disparity. But in our country this disparity is severe. It pervades both rural and urban communities. It is especially seen in the rural areas too much. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university and most of the conservative families do so. In many families of Bangladesh especially of the villages, boys and girls are not treated equally. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. But on the other hand, boys or male members of the family are allowed to go to school, college and to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination means the preference of one sex, especially the male people, depriving the other sex. It is a great malpractice to women. Gender discrimination begins when a girl chile is horn, and it continues throughout her life. With the birth of a girl the society impresses on her many illusions about her low status in the society ty she is born in. This practice lasts in a society because the members of the society, think that the male are suited to add to the family income. The ignorance and illiteracy of people are also responsible for gender discrimination. As a consequence of this discrimination, women are treated disrespectfully and disgracefully in the society. Even the women one day start to believe the illusions implanted on them by the society. They undergo inferiority complex. To solve this problem of gender discrimination, we all should come forward to making the people aware of the equal status of the women. Government should also take steps in this respect. Among the steps, female education, mass awareness, avoiding social dogmas are very important to follow to get rid of this social stigma. We must stand against it and keep the womenfolk in our march of advancement for social equilibrium. The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination Gender- discrimination denotes the disparity of enjoying rights and facilities between the male and female sections. Still today gender discrimination is one of the most inhuman customs in our society. Almost everyday the grim pictures of this evil custom are seen in newspapers and on TV screens. In our society this brute custom begins at birth. All illiterate families long for male children. A girl or a woman is deprived of almost all social rights and facilities. In our society, educating a girl is regarded as the wastage of money and time of a family. A girl is not allowed to receive better education in most of the families in our society. Most girls and women 'are confined to within the four walls of the house. As a result, our women society 4.94iei) is unproductive, unskilled and unemployed. They get no chance to take part in any social and national development activities. But some educated women of the enlightened families have already proved their efficiency and ability by working with men in different development working projects and sectors. Illiteracy and social superstitions are the root reasons of this evil custom. Social unawareness is another reason of this curse. Extreme poverty is a prime reason of it. This evil custom curves our all development plans and activities wonderfully. No development is possible without their participation in any development work. Our narrow outlook should be altered, Illiteracy must be stamped out, social superstitions must be eradicated, early marriage must be banned and equal facilities should be ensured between men and women. Public awareness must be raised about the curse of gender discrimination. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. To say truly girls are born to an unwelcome world. Mostly the teenaged girls are deprived of higher education. They are considered to be a burden for a family because after marriage they will go to their in-law’s house. So, parents are not ready to invest for their future. The girls are not allowed to go outside without permission. They are confined to domestic chores. In case of food and dresses, male children are given more importance. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. A number of reasons, such as, social prejudice, superstition, blind faith, social and economic backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance etc are responsible for gender discrimination in our country. So outlook towards them must be liberal and generous. Otherwise it hampers our humanity. At the same time social and religious restriction should be uprooted by creating a positive attitude among people. They should be considered as human beings rather than as female. Then only it is possible to solve the degrading position of the women. Globalization Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. Group Work Group work, an effective way of learning and cooperation with others, involves students working collaboratively on set tasks, in or out of the classroom. Its aim is to learn through group cooperation and encourage all students to participate in the learning process. This approach is defined in the classroom as a group. The members obtain useful information from each other to extend their knowledge and abilities through the cooperation. To do group work, the class has to be divided into groups. Each group is to do some tasks given by the teacher or in the textbook. The group members will discuss and share ideas and points, and finally one member will write the answer. All this is knowledge about group work. Then one starts working in groups. In each group one takes turns discussing points, answering questions, etc. In this way one actually does the task. Teacher may monitor and help to do the work. Lastly, through regular group work it is expected that there will be noticeable changes in one’s behaviour. Possible changes are– one will develop the attitude of freely mixing and talking with one’s classmates and teacher. One’s shyness will gradually disappear. One will develop the attitude of helping and cooperating with each other. One will learn to behave in a democratic way. Most importantly, these behavioural changes taking place in one inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. In order to maximise these benefits, one will need to manage one’s group work effectively. Globalisation: A new notion of global interaction Globalisation means internationalisation. It is a phenomenon involving the integration of economics, cultures, governmental policies, and the movements around the world. Trade and investment between countries have promoted interdependence and the world’s economies for centuries. What is now called globalisation, however, represents an exponential acceleration of the integration process. It has been formed by the leading countries of the world. Nowadays the world is linked as never before due to advances in communication and transportation and also due to trade agreements that have lowered or eliminated barriers or borders in the exchange of goods. So our world has become a global village. As a result, similar goods are sold around the world for similar prices. The highly integrated financial and commodity markets see price movements in one part of the world instantaneously reflected in other major markets. The BBC, CNN, MTV and the Internet have accelerated the integration of global culture. Science and technology have also accelerated this global process. So, teenagers around the world watch the same videos, listen to the same music and wear the same clothes. However, we can say that globalisation may bring happiness for us all only if we can make a mutual understanding, otherwise it will not only become a threat to a developing nation but also ruin our existence and may turn us into parasites. GLOBALISATION Globalisation is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless owker. However, it is creating more opportunities for capitalist countries rather than for the developing ones. In the one of help and co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting the cheap labour available in poor countries. This is the common fear about the adverse effects of globalisation in the countries like ours. But, the few is not quite justified because globalisation has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. With the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transportation facilities the world has come closer. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbours. Globalisation also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. A GOOD STUDENT A good student is one who is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. I have the idea of having a close touch with such a good student. He is my classmate, Arif. He is a student who is always eager to know and acts according to what he learns. He lives in accordance with the strict rules of conduct and discipline. He is punctual, early rising, and obedient to parents. He is well-disciplined. He studies while it is time to study and plays while it is time to play and enjoys a sound mind in a sound body. He behaves with others in a polite way and he is modest. He shows habitual respect to his teachers and other superiors. He is co-operative with the students of the class. He is very much choosy about who he mixes with. He is fully conscious to ensure that no evil tempts him. Again, he is a good sportsman. He also takes keen interest in social service. From now on, he prepares himself to shoulder the responsibility in future. He is conscious of politics but does not take active part in politics In short, his ideal is plain living and high thinking. I hope that he can bring glory to the country. THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. Sometimes fire breaks out in the factory and there is no preventive measure. It is miserable for a garment worker. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. As tradition goes on, she will get married with a fellow worker and try to continue her poor life. Thus the life of a garment worker goes on with ups and downs. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. A GOOD CITIZEN A citizen is the asset of a country. A good citizen has as many duties as he has rights. The basic rights of a citizen are his basic human rights. He has right to live, travel, work, and vote. He has the right to education, security and justice. He has also the right to die a normal death. He has many other rights which he can enjoy. Again a citizen has to perform many duties. First of all he has duties to himself, which is to make himself a worthy citizen of the country in every sense of the word. Then he has duties to his family, to his relatives and friends, to his community, to the locality, and finally, to the country. And, a student-citizen has the further duty to his studies. Political rights are different from individual rights. They are group rights and fought for as a group claim in the form of demand by a political party. A good citizen is a wealth when he is worthy to the nation. A Good Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. In fact, he is the architect of a nation. He tries to dispel the darkness of ignorance from the mind of the students. He builds up the mind and morality of a student. He always encourages the students to know more and r.-iore about everything in the world. He makes the lessons interesting, charming and keeps the students captivated. He makes them ideal men and confident citizens. Every student is more or less clever. An ideal teacher discovers it and guides the students properly. A good teacher is one who not only teaches well but also helps him to build an ideal character. He is an inspiration to his pupils/students. He prevents his students from doing evil. He is well-behaved and affectionate with the students. He also shows them the way to shine in life. We know that education is the backbone of a nation. In the same way, a good teacher is the backbone of education. In fact, a good teacher is one of the most important persons in our country. A GOOD NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. GRAMEEN BANK Bangladesh has a long history of micro-credit finance. There are several internationally acclaimed organisations of micro-credit, such as the Grameen Bank. This bank provides credit to the poor, particularly rural women. Professor Mohammad Yunus, who is the chairman of Grameen Bank established the same in 1983. A Grameen Bank project allows only the poor and landless people to take a loan from the bank. Before they can borrow the money, they have to make 5-6 groups of workers, each having five members. Then they have a centre where the bank works to give loans and receive repayment of loans. All the group members must be registered members of the Grameen Project. Each member of a group is given a registered number. There must be an elected Chairperson and an elected Secretary of the group. They hold office for a year. The members conduct their business with the bank through the Chairman. Grameen Bank, in addition to providing credit, emphasizes the need to develop skills and raise consciousness among the rural poor. Meanwhile, the living condition of a large number of programme participants has risen above the poverty line. Grameen Bank, therefore, has started a silent revolution among the women, and its impact is far-reaching. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. GREENHOUSE EFFECT Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that midway through this century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Hence we should take the pragmatic steps to control the greenhouse effect. GROWING UP SOCIALLY As a social being, growing up socially is a precondition for every man. Man cannot live alone. Greek philosopher Aristotle said that ‘man is by nature a social being’. He has to lead a social life. Man cannot be self-centered like animals. He has some duties towards himself, to his family, to his society and the nation. Our Prophet said that the man who serves others is the greatest. All the great men on earth were very much conscious about their duties towards society. They dedicated their lives for the welfare of their society’s people. They extended their helping hands towards the helpless men. They shared the feelings of destitute people of the society. Even they sacrificed their belongings and peace and happiness of their minds for the welfare of fellowmen. If we want to follow them and want to establish ourselves in the society properly we also have to render social services to our society. We have to come forward with helpful mind at the time of people’s misery. We have to feel the sorrowful condition of downtrodden people. We have to take part in all sorts of social movements in order to promote the living condition of the people of our society and to improve the environment of our society. But it is not an easy task to render social services responsibly. If we want to carry out the above mentioned duties in true sense, we should be grown up socially. But if we fail to do this we cannot contribute to the development of our society and nation, and in this respect our existence as a human being will be diminished one day. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisatio n most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to pr ess their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times students and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisation most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to press their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times stud ents and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY The International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th March every year since 1914. It is an event marked by struggle around the world, an important occasion everywhere in the world. This date designated in many countries as a national holiday is also commemorated at the United Nation. The idea of the International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of the nineteenth century. There is disparity between men and women in the society. Women are always deprived of various rights and opportunities. It is necessary to make awareness among the people, especially women of the world on this issue. This is because if people are conscious, women will be able to enjoy more rights and facilities at every walk in the society. This is why the International Women’s Day is observed throughout the world proclaiming equality, justice, peace and solidarity. On 18th March, 1914 the women of all the European countries except Russia held rallies either to protest the First World War as part of the peace movement or to express solidarity with their sisters. Increasingly the International Women’s Day is a time to reflect on progress made to call for change and to celebrate acts of bravery and determination by ordinary women who have played an extra-ordinary role in the history of women’s rights. On this day, women of our country bring out procession, hold rallies, meetings and seminars. This is why the day is observed in Bangladesh. J BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of foo d do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. So, before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetising. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is such a kind of food which has been produced for its pungent taste. It does not have any food value. It looks very appealing and attractive to everybody but it is not good for health. It often contains added chemicals which make it's taste soothing but it is unhealthy. It also contains a lot of animal fat or sugar so that they may become tasty. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes a biscuits are all junk foods and are rich in animal fats. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty tissues which are harmful for our health. On the contrary, sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. Our skin and teeth are damaged owing to taking a large amount of sugar. As Junk food lacks in the vitamins and minerals, we should avoid it. Home made food is usually prepared from chemical free ingredients like fresh fruits, vegetables and other items. It contains a healthy balanced of nutrients as such vitamins, minerals etc. So we should take sufficient home made food to keep sound health. Junk Food Food lacking nutritional balance is called junk food that does not form part of a well-balanced diet, especially highly processed, high-fat snack items eaten in place of or in addition to regular meals Many processed foods not only contain high levels of added simple sugars, they also tend to be high in fat and lacking in the vitamins and minerals found naturally in complex carbohydrates. Nutritionists often refer to such processed foods as junk foods and say that they provide only empty calories, meaning they are loaded with calories from sugars and fats but lack the essential nutrients our bodies need. It has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places which serve junk food. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realize the hazards their health is being exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetizing. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is one of the cooked harmful food. Now it has become very popular in our country too. Junk food is a food which is made for its pungent taste but it has no food value. People usually take junk food for its pungent taste. The food is lovely looking but does not benefit to our body whereas it does a great harm to our body. It often contains added harmful chemicals and a lot of animal fat or sugar. Junk food lacks in vitamins and minerals which are very needful to health. The high amount of sugar in junk food damages our teeth. The junk food containing high amount of animals fat forms fatty tissue in our body and it harms our skin seriously. Food items such as chips, cakes, biscuits, burgers, sweets and cold drinks are junk food. Our school and college-going children and young people are seen taking or having junk food with much leisure. Since junk food contains no element of the balanced food we should Old having/ talking it. Rice. fish. khichuri and vegetables are the principal home made food. They contain all the elements of the balanced food which are good for health. So, we should eat home made food regularly for building up and maintaining sound health. Our children should be discouraged taking junk food. Besides, the danger of junk food should be broadcast in the newspaper on TV screen and in the radio widely. A JOURNEY BY PLANE I had a chance to make a journey by plane from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my journey by plane came to an end and I was again on mother earth. K KEEPING A DIARY A diary is a book used for a daily record of events, thoughts, appointments etc. It is really difficult to remember everything of life as there is a limit to our memory. So, in a diary one may record all that happen in a day. A diary supplies information when one means to write a biography, or an autobiography. Again, one may record some thoughts or ideas in a diary which, later on, one may use in his literary works. It is, in this sense, a store-room in miniature, of one’s personal affairs. In it the minute details of a life can be seen preserved. So keeping a diary is a good practice. A diary is of great use to all classes of people. It helps a student to make a periodical survey of the work he has done. The diary is a valuable reference book of life. It enables us to look back. Whenever our memory gets dim or uncertain, we can resolve our doubts by turning to its pages. We can review that past with the sober eye of experience and draw lessons for the future. A diary is an interesting family record too. A diary makes interesting and instructive reading for us and others as well. So, keeping and writing a diary is a very good job. L Load Shedding: A paucity of power generation Load shedding has become a very common affair in our daily life these days. Th e people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. In the modern world electricity plays a very important role in regulating our life. Any interruption in the supply of this vital item of energy can put the whole system out of order and simultaneously can paralyse our daily activities. In our country there is hardly any area which is not affected by load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and when we distribute electricity wrongly. It creates many problems of far-reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country. Most of the mills and factories become idle and for this reason industrial production declines and workers are retrenched. Social works and activities cannot go in order. Students cannot study properly because of the failure of electricity. During load shedding they are to study in dim candlelight. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. The shops are to close down before the closing time. Spectators in the cinema hall spend hours in stuffy suffocation for load shedding. All types of productions stop and the entire life comes to a standstill during the period of load shedding. So, proper steps should be taken to stop load shedding. By establishing more power plants, power houses and by stopping unplanned distribution of electricity, illegal connection and reducing system loss, we can solve this problem. LOAD SHEDDING Load shedding is a word that has been added to our terminology in recent years. Load shedding means a temporary power cut. Nowadays it has assumed a serious proportion. It is now prolonged, frequent, widespread and without any method or system. This nuisance of load shedding hits hard all ----- students, factory workers, office-goers, professional people and even housewives and little babies. The supply of electricity cannot keep pace with its increasing demand. So, power, that is, electricity has to be temporarily cut. As a result, large areas remain dark for hours without electricity. During such load-shedding, many areas of a big city are engulfed at night in darkness. People sweat without fans, patients cannot be X-rayed or operated in hospitals. Radio and television become dead. Trade and industry become almost paralysed and production is badly hampered. The worker loses his wages just as the management suffers losses. The causes of load-shedding are known to us. With the grown of towns, cities and industries, more electricity will be consumed. So, new power stations must be set up and the old machinery should be replaced in time. More care should also be taken for the proper maintenance of the existing installations. Load Shedding Temporary absence of supply of electricity to a particular area is called 'Load Shedding'. Nowadays it has become a daily occurrence in cities and suburbs. There is hardly any area which is not affected by it. Cinema halls, houses, shops, factories, hospitals, markets, night schools, colleges and other parts, of a locality are badly affected by it. The industrial areas are affected for the time being. Production is hampered due to failure of electricity. Even operation stops in hospitals due to load shedding. The students can not prepare themselves for their examinations due to failure of electricity. Thieves and pick-pockets freely prowl in the streets and locality. That is, it greatly affects the domestic, social and economic life of Bangladesh. It should not be allowed to continue in such a way. This unbearable situation is bound to continue unless proper actions are taken to prevent it. So, the Government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check the real cause of load-shedding as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial ---- comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. Power-cut (Load-shedding) Bangladesh is a small and developing country. which faces a lot of major problems. Of them, power-cut is very acute and frightful in our land. Load-shedding means the sudden disconnection (failure) of the supply of electricity for a short period in a particular area. It usually occurs in cities, towns, industrial and remote areas. But it is very acute (,8u) in. industrial and remote areas. Today it has become one of the most alarming problems in Bangladesh because it occurs many times in an area in a day. The causes of load-shedding are many in our country. Less production of electricity than the demand is the root cause of power-cut. Illegal connection of electricity is another root cause of it. Illiteracy is mainly liable for this severe problem. Population explosion and social unawareness (AINIF" are also severely responsible for load-shedding in Bangladesh. Our old grade electric plants cause this problem drastically. Load-shedding hampers production in mills and factories tremendously It also hinders our agriculture drastically. Power-cut disturbs houses, shops, offices, banks, hospitals and clinics etc. Load-shedding curves -4-.qck) our social and national development activities and efforts. The students close their books and sit in idle during power-cut. So it is a great curse to them. The old power plants should be replaced. Illegal connection must be stopped, illiteracy must be removed from the society and public awareness should be raised in order to lessen power‑cut. Population explosion must be controlled with iron hand. Our development plans and programmes will not be successful unless we can check load-shedding properly. The value of honesty and sincerity should be taught. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. Libraries are a necessity for all people who boasts of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. A library is a necessity for all people who boast of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation LIFE IN A BIG CITY City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in town. In a big city the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in town. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in town. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in a big city. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a big city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in town are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. Big city is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in town. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in town. Even all necessary things are available in town. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. THE LIBERATION WAR The Liberation War of Bangladesh took place in 1971. The war lasted for nine months. The war was a protest of the freedom-loving people of this country against the attack of the Pakistani soldiers. When the war broke out, Samira was only three years old. She cannot remember much about it. Her cousin, Laila couldn’t remember anything because she was only two years old then. But Mrs. Dewan, Samira’s mother can remember much. She tells the children one particular event. There were lots of shouts and bangs outside one night. Samira wanted to look out, but they didn’t let her as it was very dangerous. In fact, all the members of the family hid under the bed out of fear. The next day, they left their village and went to Laila’s village. They stayed with her family for two or three months. The Liberation War was a fierce one. But it was a glorious time also. Everyone wanted to do something for the country. In the war about thirty lacs of people laid down their lives. Their sacrifice didn’t go in vain. After nine month’s fierce fighting our freedom fighters became victorious. We got independence on the 16th December, 1971. LIFE IN A CITY Life in a city has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of living in a big city are many. The city dwellers enjoy certain facilities and comforts which the villages lack. They have got well-lighted streets and roads. They have transports and houses with all modem facilities. There are also fine shops here and there. They have got modem hospitals for their treatment. They can have also all kinds of social amusements. Further, they can get the best education at schools, colleges and universities. They can go to public libraries, museums, art galleries and so on to stimulate their minds. But city life has some drawbacks too. Life in a city lacks of a strong bond of fellow feeling. The rapid life, the foul and smoky atmosphere often tell upon the health and shorten a man's life. Lastly, city life is more or less artificial. Most of the time real pleasure of life is absent here. M A Moonlit Night: An eternal resource of beauty A moonlit night really comes to us as a dream of enchanting beauty and eternal source of joy that stimulate our mind spontaneously. It offers a very charming view. If anybody enthusiastically wants to enjoy a moonlit night, he will see that it is just a thing of beauty and joy that he has never enjoyed. In the daylight some scenes are beautiful and others may not be so, but the same scene in the soft light of the moon looks beautiful as a poet’s dream of fairyland. As forests, houses, rivers and buildings all such manmade or natural objects are beautiful by day, all these things are more beautiful at night. They look something extraordinary and something more in a moonlight night than our rigid reality. The scenic beauty of a river or an ocean in a moonlit night can better be enjoyed than described. It has a magical power of transporting us to a land of beauty and imagination and to arouse in us a centre feeling to sing in tune with the poet. With the fragrance of different flowers, the moonlight can overwhelm the poets’ mind even the mind of the general. When the moon winks in the sky and gradually spreads her soft and alluring light, we cannot but lose ourselves in the tide of mind’s stimulation. Poets write their poems with the enthusiasm of atmospheric setting and lovers and couples gossip forgetting their time-pass. Patients and fragile people can get new life in the new atmosphere of the moonlit night. So, a moonlit night is indeed a great achievement for us all deliberating her influence on human mind. Role of media In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news , entertainment, education , data , or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers , magazines , TV, radio, billboards , direct mail , telephone , fax, and internet . In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation. Microcredit finance Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus , an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries. My Dream A dream is a succession of images , ideas , emotions , and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep . The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill of Bangladesh. And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual. A Moon-lit Night A night of full moon in a bright sky is called a moon-lit night. At night, the moon appears on the eastern horizon. The whole world seems to smile. That is, it produces an unspeakable magic spell on all objects, rivers, trees, buildings, large corn-fields and mountains. When the silvery light of the moon falls on the steady water of a river, it looks like rippling silver lace. Trees, hedges etc. seem to wear a bright green garment. It is really impossible to draw an open picture of the beauty of a moonlit night. Men move about from here to there. Even the birds come out of their nests and fly from hither to thither. In the village, children play different amusing games in the open fields. The moon allures the mind. The magic spell of the moon affects all young and old. The moonlit night is dear to the lovers of beauty. In fact, the charming scene of a moon-lit night beggars description. A MOONLIT NIGHT A moonlit night is really charming and enjoyable. It presents a beautiful sight. It dazzles our eyes and soothes our heart. In a moonlit night the moon looks like a disc of silver. The moon bathes the whole world with her silvery light. The watery places mean canals; rivers and tanks seem to smile on a moonlit night. The grand spectacles that the canals, rivers and tanks present cannot be described in words. The whole nature looks bright and appears in celestial light. People of all age enjoy a moonlit night. Young boys play and little boys and girls make merriments and amuse themselves. A moonlit night is really enjoyable to a newly married couple. Men and women of middle ages cannot come out of doors. They pass some hours in gossiping and story telling and enjoy the night. Poets of all languages sing highly of a moonlit night. Even lower animals come out at night and little insects also fly here and there. A moonlit night is pleasant and fine indeed. A MOONLIT NIGHT A night enlightened by moonbeam is called a moonlight night. This is a thing of beauty and joy. So it is pleasing to all. During this time the moon gives soft silvery rays on every object of nature like rivers, trees, buildings, mountains, fields and what not. This beauty is surely unspeakable. Shelly himself has described it as a “white fire”. The beauty of it reaches its peak when it is in full moon. During this time every creature gets cheerful. It is worth enjoying in the villages. Here children feel like playing in the open fields or courtyard. Most of the birds come out of the nests. Housewives sing folk songs in chorus. Tired mother and grandmother lie on the mat in the green yard in a moonlit night. Poets of all countries get the subject matter to write poetry during this time. Even the beasts come out of their folds and run to and fro. Since all the creatures enjoy themselves on a moonlit might, it loses its dullness and becomes as glorious as a day A Moon-lit Night A moon-lit night is a wonderful blessing among the gifts of nature. A moon-lit night is a night when the full moon appears in the sky at night. The night is really enjoyable and impressive to all sections of people, high and low. It assumes a matchless sight in a moon-lit night. The moon looks like a bright dish of silver in a moon-lit night. The moon shines brightly on every object of tile nature. Every object of the nature such as rivers, canals, seas, oceans, ponds, fields, trees, houses, buildings, hills, mountains etc. seem to smile on a moon-lit night. People of all ages and classes enjoy the moon-lit night very much. Young boys and girls play out-door games and children run about in the open field. A newly married couple (lip) also comes out of the doors with a view to enjoying the matchless beauty of the moon-lit night. Even grown up people do no to to bed without enjoying the charming sight of the night. Both men and women J all ages pass hours and hours in gossiping, telling stories and playing out door games on the joyful night. Poets enjoy the night very much. Birds and animals come out of their sheds and nests to enjoy the beauty of the night. Little insects fly here and there on the night. The moon-lit night removes the monotony of the day's hard works. It reminds us the wonderful creative power of the Creator. A life can not be happy and decent without enjoying a moon-lit night. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. My Favourite Sportsman My favourite sportsman is Ronaldoo. Every conscious person is fond of sports and games. So even• sports loving person has a favourite sportsman. I am a student. I love playing and watching sports and games. I arri very much fond of football. Ronaldoo is about 32. He was born in Brazil. azil. He is a strong bodied young man. He has smiling face. He is very co-operative, disciplined punctual and sympathetic. He is very polite and gentle in nature. He is a world-wide popular football player. Really he plays football very artfully and wonderfully. He is very respectful to the rules of the play-ground and the referee. He never makes any foul with other players and disobeys the referee. So, he has gained an uncommon name' and fame all over the world for his fair play. He earns a lot but he spends the money to improve the lot of the helpless and the street children. Brazil won the world cup in 2006 by dint of his unparallel performance. The football lovers ate highly impressed (W) watching his wonderful perfonance. He has been football for about 15 years. Really, we are proud of the world famous football player. The Teacher I like Best An ideal teacher is one of the most important and invaluable assets of a society or a country. He can build-up, change and reform a society or a nation according to his own dream and philosophy (N,% a T4"- I have got many good teachers. Mr. Abdur Rasheed is my favourite teacher of all. He comes of an educated Muslim family at Durgapur, Ashugonj, B. Baria. He is an English teacher. He is about 54. He is a B. Com. B-Ed. He has some special qualities . He is well-educated, well-experienced well-trained up, well-behaved and well‑dressed. He is very dutiful, responsible, punctual, persevering kind, Sociable,amiable polite, gentle, friendly, co-operative, helpful and sympathetic He is always truthful and cheerful . He is never rude to none. He is always cheerful. His teaching method is very nice. He has/possesses a good command over English. His voice is very sweet and clear. He always makes any lesson very interesting. easy and simple to his students. We never feels bored in his class . He always maintains discipline strictly and he teaches us the value of discipline and the importance of a good moral character which is the best ornament of our life . He advises us to be an ideal citizen (wTPF-4 He never thinks of his own comfort and happiness. Such an ideal teacher is seldom found in society. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. MAY DAY May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six hers and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world came true. MAY DAY The fact that workers had it tough in the early years of the American Industrial revolution is widely taught in schools. Sixteen-hour workdays in dangerous conditions, child labour, exploitation and accidents were common. Then magically everything became better in a civilised, twentieth century. May Day is the force to bring about this change all over the world. May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. It is 1880s workers demanding humane treatment; it is men and women around the world marching in solidarity against the factory owners who would have them work all day, every day but Sunday. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six others and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world gradually came true. May Day May Day is one of the most important and significant days of the year. Every year May 1 is observed as the International Workers' Day throughout/ across the world. May Day is observed as a public holiday all over the world. It is a glorious day to the working section of people across the world. May Day is observed demanding the due rights of the working classes of people. May Day reminds us the great dedication of -some heroic workers who dedicated their lives for the greater interest of the working classes of people in Chicago in the year of 1886. The background bf May Day is very painful Before May 1, 1886 the working people had to work for long hours but could not get their due wages and facilities. At first, workers in the city of Chicago demanded for 8 hours working period and other facilities. The then capitalist government wanted to stop their movement . On May 1, 1886 police fired upon the procession of the workers . One. worker was killed and some were wounded. After raising the flame of protest on May 1 in 1886, today all classes of working people enjoy 8 hour working period, job security Pi-qt") and other facilities. On this day workers hold meetings and take out processions demanding their rights. On May Day workers get inspiration from the great sacrifice of the Martyrs of 1886 to be united and fight for their demand in order to lead a decent and successful life. *MORNING WALK Walking in the morning is very good for health. One can enjoy the fresh air of the morning and remain fresh the whole day by making a habit of walking in the cool hours of the morning. By leaving the bed early one can come in contact with the outside world in its impressive mood including the flowers, trees, ponds, lakes, birds and insects. People from all walks of life can enjoy the benefits of morning walk. Morning walk is very good for those people who remain awfully busy in their offices. This is also very good for diabetic patients. In our society there are many people who cannot get up early and prepare them for morning walk. It is very natural those people who go to bed late at night cannot get up from bed early in the morning. They are very unfortunate in the sense that they fail to avail the benefits of morning walk in their lives. By taking morning walk we can remain fresh and energetic both physically and mentally and accomplish our various duties efficiently. It relieves our tensions and keeps us cool in the face of busy working days. A Morning Walk There are a good number of good habits of a man's life. A morning walk is one of them. It is also a good form of exercise. A life can't be happy. decent. comfortable, long and successful without a morning walk. Both the young and the old man can walk at morning. A morning walk is suitable before sun-rise. The duration of a morning walk varies from person to person. The young person walks at morning for a long period but the old person or the weak person walks for a short period. The morning air is fresh and cool. It is free from pollution. Only the person walking at morning can inhale pure air. The fresh morning air refreshes both his body and mind. At morning the nature looks matchless beautiful. So a man who walks at morning can enjoy the real beauty of the nature and hear the sweet chirping of the birds. It is that walking at morning is very useful to health. It makes a man cheerful, strong and healthy. It removes the monotony of the routine works/life. It keeps a man disease free. A man walking at morning regularly leads a happy and long He is successful in every work. So in order to make life successful and fruitful one should cultivate this good habit from early life. Mobile Phone Or, The Uses of Mobile,Phone (cNlifkai Or, The Importance of Mobile Phone Mobile Phone is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions/ blessings of modern science. Modern science has made possible what was impossible yesterday. Mobile phone is a great success of science. It has opened a new door in the field of communication. It is the most up-to-date means of communication and correspondence. It has saved time and shortened distance. We can send to and receive any information from any corner of the world in a second by sitting at home. The use of mobile phone is easier, cheaper than telephone, telex, telegram, wireless, fax and E-mail. The number of users of mobile phone is increasing day by day in our developing country too. All sections of people are benefited by using mobile phone. Mobile phone is very essential to businessmen, traders, doctors. teachers, high officials, lawyers, service holders, shopkeepers and fisherman. This wonderful invention has mobilized the world business and the process of globaDzation wonderfully. It also plays an important role in promoting co-operation and brotherhood among the different nations of the world. There are m networking systems in mobile phone like NWD and ISD. NWD system is used across the country and ISD is used world-wide. Mobile is not free from its defects. It may damage our hearing and brain. It is harmful to pregnant women owing to its strong radiation. It is ;#great source of wastage of money of a family. The criminal activities have been increased wonderfully owing to mobile phone. However, mobile phone does a great good service to us. MOBILE PHONE A mobile phone is a cellular phone that does not have wires. It works 11%, radio system. it can he carried and used anywhere. Nowadays, there is no need to have a cable connection to converse with others. It is mobile phone through which we can contact with our friends and relatives. There is variety of it. Some of them cover wide range and some of them are short ranged. It is now available throughout our country. The remarkable mobile companies are Grameen Phone, Aktel, Bangla Link and Citycell. Many people are using them for their necessity and many are doing just for fashion. Having no income, just for status only, many people use mobile phones. People of all classes and sectors use it. Its price is not so. high. Now an ordinary mobile phone costs five to six thousand taker only. For instant communication, mobile phone is matchlessly beneficial to us. The children are affected much. Using cellular phone is also harmful to the pregnant women. It is also helping to increase terrorist activities. Many young students are using it. It is a great loss of money of their guardians and a great blow to their future. So we should use mobile phone according to necessity. THE TEACHER I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. My Last Birthday Party 22nd May is the date of my birth. I celebrate my birthday every year. On the last 22nd May, my birth day party was arranged at our residence in 1/5/2, Mirpur, Dhaka. Then I was 15 years old. Some of my friends and relatives were invited to the party. My father bought me nice dress while my mother made a huge birthday cake. The young boys and girls including my younger brothers and sisters enjoyed themselves. They ate, laughed, sang and chatted. They had their photographs taken. At about 4:00 p.m. different dishes of delicious food were placed on the dining table. The drawing room was neatly decorated with colorful papers and balloons. I put on the new dress. All my friends attend the party. They stood around the table. I smiled merrily and cut the birthday cake amidst joy and happiness. My friends and younger brothers and sisters began to sing, Happy birthday to you”. Then they ate the foods prepared. Cameras brought by my guests and friends went on clicking. My friends and relatives greeted me by presenting gifts and bouquets. The function was rounded off by my speech. I thanked all my friends and relatives for attending the party. I still feel a kind of thrill at the very thought of my last birthday. MY BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food has been served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES My Childhood Childhood is the most significant part of our life. The sweet memories of childhood are always dear to us. In time of depression, childhood memories soothe our mind. Some childhood memories of mine are still intact in my mind. During my childhood I was very naughty and truant. I used to play different games to pass my leisure. I used to bathe for many times in the rainy season and fell ill. At my childhood I enjoyed the company of my grandmother and elder sister. Still their memories frequently haunt me. I can still remember the marriage ceremony of my sister. That was both sweet and bitter experience for me. I felt lonely after the marriage. I couldn’t understand why she wouldn’t stay with us. The sweetest event of my childhood was my first day at school. I was very excited when I first went to the school. I showed a lot of enthusiasm there. My grandmother’s death was the most painful experience of my childhood. When I was only seven, she left us for ever. I lost my constant companion. Despite of these unpleasant experiences, my childhood was full of comfort and relief. When I remember my childhood, I can remove the monotony of daily life. I want to get back my childhood and it will remain ever rosy in my mind. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Childhood is the sweetest period of human life. I often remember the days of my childhood. When I remember my childhood days, I feel happy. I can’t recall the day when I was first named. As I have heard, there was a big feast in our houses on that occasion. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. All the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked form them. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother / grandfather was very much fond of me. S/he told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her/him in many ways but s/he was never angry with me. When I was five years old, I was sent to the primary school. I recollect the day, from my memory, when I first went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I completed my primary education in the tenth year of my life. I began to grow both in body and mind and began to take more and more interest in my studies. My joys knew no bounds when I stood first in my class. I took part in various games and sports. The happy recollection of my childhood yet fills my heart with great joy. I wish I could go back to those happy days again. My Childhood Childhood is generally a sweet period of our life. It is only in childhood that a man gets a free life to enjoy. I am now a young man of eighteen. I was born in a small village in Bangladesh. The whole village was my playground. I wandered throughout the tiny village and played about with my friends. The summer days were the sweetest and happiest days for us. We plucked mangoes and black berries from tree to tree and ate them to our hearts content. We often forgot to take our mid-day meals. In my childhood my favourite person was my grandmother. She loved me very much. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grand mother prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. Before I fell asleep, she used to tell me fairy tales of which she had a rich store. My grandmother died when I was five. The sad event of her funeral will ever remain in my memory. My mother wept bitterly and grandfather was shocked. My heart always yearns for her. My Class Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. All of my teachers are favourite to me. I have a deep respect for all of them. The teacher who impresses and influences me much is my class teacher. His academic qualifications are very bright. He is an English teacher. He teaches us English in an interesting and charming way. He makes the difficult problems of English very easy. Even the most uninteresting lessons become enjoyable and effective by his practical teaching. Everybody enjoys his lessons with deep attention. He does not feel fatigue to perform his duties. He is a man of strict principle. He performs his administrative activities with justice. So, he is respected by all. He is an absolute disciplinarian. He helps us to be disciplined.(He seems to be a born teacher. He teaches us manners and custom. His affection, ever smiling face, his advic6, his behaviour and his modest manners will remain ever fresh in my heart. He has all the qualities of an excellent teacher and as an excellent man. I have not seen a better man than he) He is a man of extra-ordinary merits. I am grateful to him. I love and respect him from the core of my heart. MY COLLEGE LIBRARY The place where books, magazines, newspapers and various other reading materials are kept for the readers is called a library. Students and teachers can read books sitting there or they can borrow them to take away after getting them issued on library cards. Our college has a big library with various types of books and other facilities. It is a good library with the modem facilities like computer, photocopy and air-conditioned reading rooms. It is a separate building in our college campus but connected with other buildings. It is near our classrooms and we can easily go there during leisure period. Our library is very rich with about fifty thousand books on different subjects. Apart from textbooks there is a huge collection of story books, magazines and newspapers. I regularly go to the library. Sometimes, I read books sitting there. Sometimes, I borrow books on my library cards. Sometimes, I get photocopies of relevant pages from the library on payment. I even use computer to browse some important information through the internet. I can also send and receive e-mails from our library. It is-an unique place for me. It helps me in my study in various ways. I like it very much and I have a deep feeling for it. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily activities. I do my daily duties according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a. m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p. m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily life. I do my daily activities according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a.m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. Thus I perform my daily activities smoothly. MY DAILY LIFE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY I experienced a rainy day which cut mark in my mind. At first there were some patches of clouds in the sky. Gradually, the sky became heavily overcast. Early in the morning, the wind began to blow, first slowly and then with greater intensity. Soon afterwards, it began to drip-drop. Within a few minutes, this developed into a downpour. I decided not to go to school. The rain was in shower for hours together. At 10 o’clock in the morning, I along with my cousin went outside taking umbrella with us. As the rain continued, the streets turned into streams of water. Some roads under repair became muddy and slippery. Most of the vehicles went off the roads. Only a few buses, cars and rickshaws ran slowly, splashing water on both sides. Most of the shops could not open and people had to be satisfied with what they had in their houses. Day labourers were passing the day idly. Some boys and girls like us found the day highly enjoyable. They took the day off and did not go to school. Some of them played in the pools of water and floated paper boats on the water in the streets. We returned home after two hours. I found that father also did not go to his office. He was listening to songs. Mother was cooking ‘khichuri’. At lunch time we had the food to our heart’s content. Then we all went to bed and had a sound sleep till the evening. MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD AFFECTED AREA When the flaw of water increases then usual, vast areas of the riverbank go under water and we call it flood. Bangladesh has hundreds of rivers so flood is a very common phenomenon in our country. It occurs almost in every rainy season. The low lying areas are the main victim of flood. Last year we witnessed a horrible month long flood. It was the month of June, The northern region of the country was under water. Manikganj was the most affected area. Reports came in newspapers and satellite channels about the poor condition of the people of that region and we wanted to help them. So, I along with some of my friend of our school collected relief materials and went to Manikganj to aid the poor flood affected people. Going there we saw the devastation of flood with our own eyes. About 80 percent area of the district was under water. Crops of about 10,000 hectors of land was washed away. Many dead animals were seen floating on the water. People were in miserable condition, man and animal living together in the flood shelters or in some educational institutes. They were suffering in want of food, shelter and medicine. Water spread diseases were spreading at an alarming rate. We tried to help them as much as we could but it was really inadequate. The government relief was not enough also and it was clear that they would have to suffer more. People of all walks of life should come forward in such calamities to remove the distress of the suffering people because one day we might also fall victim to it. MY FAMILY The institution with which we have most intimate contact and perhaps the greatest concern is the institution of family. I belong to a middle class family. I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is -------------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. S/he is a very serious student. S/he does not waste a single moment in vain. My father is a businessman/government employee. He rises early in the morning and takes a walk by the riverside. Then he offers his morning prayers and wakes us up. After a short while, he starts for his office. My father is man of principles. He is mild, gentle and sober in nature. My mother is a housewife. My mother is the finest lady in the world. She is very polite, affectionate and intelligent. She manages the family very nicely. She does all the household chores. She takes great care of all of us. She loves me very dearly. She is ready to sacrifice her own happiness for the members of the family. She holds my good above everything in the world. She is pious too. My mother is a woman of delicate taste. She reads books when she gets time. My grandparents also stay with us. They love me very dearly. I like my family very much because we are living together sharing our weal and woe. I wish I could live together with all my family members throughout my life. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste these cakes early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapiee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE CRICKETER Shachin Tendulkar is my favourite cricketer. He is one of the greatest cricketers in the world. He is incomparable. His outstanding performance certainly speaks in favour of this. He is an idol to his devotees. When he plays shots, he makes the spectators spell bound. He likes to enjoy himself in making new records. Though he is not so calculative in making shots as Drabir, another skilled player is, he is very vigorous in this regard. He has the records of highest runs, centuries, test matches and so on. He has good temperament. He plays very artistically and thoughtfully. People find pleasure at the time of his playing. Cricket-lovers eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I think him one of the best players in the world of cricket. So, not only I but also millions of true lovers of cricket like and praise him most. MY FAVOURITE FOOTBALLER Though football is giving place cricket, several of the footballers have made the game enjoyable. Among them Ronaldinho is my favourite footballen He is one of the greatest footballers in the world. He is incomparable. His dribbling is often compared with rhythmic traditional Brazilian 'Samba Dance'. He makes the spectators spell-bound. His outstanding performance and artistic pass of ball are really a wonder to the football lovers. His tricky passing of ball certainly stirs the hearts of football-lovers. He likes to make new records. He was awarded the title "The Best Footballer of the Year 2006". People, specially his fans, eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I consider him as one of the three or four best footballers in the world. So. I can't help praising him most. MY FAVOURITE GAME Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY My favourite hobby is gardening. I like it fora number of reasons. First, I am fond of nature and,gardening keeps me very close to nature. Secondly, it refreshes my mind with the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Above all, it offers my house a fascinating look. But gardening is not an cast' task. I have to work hard for it. To make this garden, I selected a suitable piece of land. Then I have made a boundary around it. After that it was prepared for plantation of garden plants. I take care of the plants regularly. This is a traditional hobby. However, it provides me with lots of advantages. It makes our home fresh and beautiful by its fragrant flowers. It purifies my mind and sensibilities and gives me pleasure and mental satisfaction. Sometimes I sell flowers of my garden and,add to my income. However. I cannot spend much time in my garden. In the early morning I work there for more than an hour everyday. My garden is something different because it has various plants of rare collection. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY A hobby is a man’s favourite pursuit or pastime. It is a thing that a man takes up for amusement and is not his main business. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very much interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. I find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp-collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamps. MY FAVOURITE PERSON My mother is my favourite person in my life. The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother who always remains favourite to me. MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY Kazi Nazrul Islam ----- a poet, philosopher and patriot whom I like most. He is my favourite personality. He is our national poet. He was a poet of unique vision, a seer who could look beyond the limitations of time and place. Nazrul, the rebel poet of Bengal, was born on the 11th Jaistha, 1306 B.S in Churulia, a village of Bardwan in West Bengal. Nazrul’s nickname was “Dukhu Miah”. Nazrul felt the pangs of slavery in his heart and turned a rebel poet. In a weekly magazine named ‘Bijli’, his famous work ‘Bidrohi’ was first published in 1328 B.S. When he was 22 years old, he began editing a bi-weekly called ‘Dhumketu’. His most well-known works are ‘Agni-Bina’, ‘Bisher-Banshi’, ‘Praloyshika’, ‘Dolonchapa,’ ‘Sarbahara’, ‘Sammyabadi’, ‘Chakrabak’, Chandrabindu’, ‘Natun Chand’, ‘Shesh Shaogat’, ‘Bandhan Hara’, ‘Rikter Bedan’ etc. He also wrote some novels of which ‘Mrityukshudha’ and ‘Bayther Dan’ are widely known. He wrote many lyrical poems, religious songs, gazals, love-lyrics, stories, plays and comic-poems for the children. I like Nazrul more than any other man, because he stood against all sorts of oppression. He was a great revolutionary. He taught us to strike, strive and not to yield or surrender. He showed us the part to fight against the enemy of our freedom. Nazrul’s sympathies were always with the downtrodden and the humiliated. He wrote with the blade of a steel sword, as it were, defying all bans and banters. He had indeed a great heart. All his qualities make me love him both as a great poet and a person as well. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE TEACHER My favourite teacher is Mr. -------------------. He is about 35 years old. He is a tall man with a slim figure. He teaches us English. He is a brilliant teacher and has an impressive command of English. His pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. He has got a lot of qualities. He is very gentle, polite and well-behaved. He is never rude to his students. He is very considerate and co-operative too. He helps the students when they have any problem. His technique of teaching is also impressive. In his class he creates an English environment which helps us hear English and think and interact in English. He makes his lesson interesting and keeps his students active in the class. He also makes them confident and proves clever. I am impressed by his towering personality, efficiency, devotion to duty and his affection for his students and so I like him most. MY FAVOURITE TELEVISION PROGRAMME Television is the best means of entertainment in today’s world. It telecasts many kinds of enjoyable programmes to delight the audience. As the best media of recreation, television appeals to us very much. There are many interesting TV serials in BTV. When I am asked what my favourite TV programme is, I consider the programme that relays splendid dances, lectures, songs etc. An airy-voice and fairy-like picture come to me like far-off dreams. Of many programmes, my favourite programme is the ‘Adventure of Sindbad’. It is a very interesting TV serial. Throughout the week I wait for the day when the serial will telecast. Leaving all works, I sit in front of TV when the serial starts. I like the serial very much. Because there is a mingling of adventure, fairy tale, science, wit, humour etc. When I watch this serial, I forget everything of the world. It gives me entertainment as well as instruction. It also refreshes my mind. I hope that the BTV will telecast more programmes like ‘Sindbad’ MY FIRST FLIGHT I had a chance to make a journey by air from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appear to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. MY GARDEN Man was first placed in a garden on his creation. Man’s first home before his fall was a garden and a garden will be his final abode if he is pure. Garden is, therefore, the place where the innocent live. Man’s love of garden is, however, quite evident. Many changes have taken place in the world. Man’s tastes, too have changed, but his love of garden has remained undiminished despite all these changes. My garden is a fenced area in our front yard. It is rectangular in size, 20 feet in length and 15 feet in width. I have been working on the garden for the last three months. In the first month I dug up the earth well. Soon a nice flower bed took shape. My father watched me doing the hard work and said that I was becoming a floriculturist. He helped me to show the right seeds of various flowers. I planted ‘dalia’, ‘lily’, ‘sandhamalati’ and ‘jui’ in a row and in another row two types of roses. As spring came, my flower plants bloomed into a dazzling array of flowers. Such a display of colourful flowers pleases not only me but also others. This garden also enables me to do some manual labour which is good for health. My garden is a source of great pleasure and joy to me. My Hobby Hobby is nothing but one’s alternative mental occupation. It is not one’s main business. It is one’s favourite way to enjoy the leisure time. When anyone becomes engaged in any occupation his mind works up to a certain period. Then the mind wants some change to restore its energy. Almost every man has a hobby. There are different hobbies like stamp collecting, gardening photography, angling, coin-collecting etc. My favourite hobby is coin collection. I take it as an interesting work in my leisure. I collect coins of various types and of various times of different countries. Both new and the old coins of different countries are in my collection. I usually collect coins from my relatives living abroad. My grandfather also helps me in collecting. He has given all the collection of coins of his student life. This coin collection has a great educative value I can know about the different national symbols of different countries from these coins. This hobby also creates then curiosity about those countries. My hobby is the main source of my pleasure. It gives me relief from my routine bound works. It helps me to forget the monotony and sorrow of daily life. So, every one should have a hobby out of his routine life. MY HOBBY Hobby is an interesting work at leisure. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. MY HOME There is nothing sweeter than one’s home. The same is with me. My sweet home, my dear home is in the countryside. It is not a big one. It covers only a few bighas of land. It faces the south. The front side of my home is open. A big canal flows by it. There are five houses in my home. All of them are made of tin. Two of them are beggars and have brick-built plinth and floor. My father and mother live in one of these houses. My elder brother, with his wife lives in another one. I also live in a fairly large house. We have a kitchen garden inside our home and a flower garden in front of our house. These gardens add to the beauty of my home. Moreover, my home is surrounded by mango groves and many other fruit trees and flower plants. In spring there is feast of flowers and fragrance in my home. Birds sing in them all day long. From a distance my home then looks like a fine painted picture. To me my home is the sweetest place on earth to live in. It is indeed dearer to me even than paradise. MY IDEA OF GOOD TEACHER Education is the backbone of a nation. So, a teacher’s role is very important to the society. After parents, a teacher is the guide of a student. A good teacher is one of the most important people in a country. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.------------ . He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that it is blessing upon us to have such an ideal teacher ----- a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. MY INTIMATE FRIEND Man by nature is a social being. To him, the world looks gloomy in absence of an intimate friend. I have an intimate friend. His qualities have tempted me to call him my intimate friend. Arif is my best friend. He comes of a very good and respectable family. He is a meritorious student. He has always achieved a good result in his examination. He has a sweet temperament. He is neat and charming in his habits. He is amiable and modest. He is intelligent and well-behaved. He never speaks ill of others or injures anyone’s feelings. He is worthy of being a good friend. He proves the proverb a friend in need is a friend indeed. He is always desirous of my good. If I fail to understand anything, he explains it to me. If he finds any, he tries to rectify me. He always advises and helps me when I am problem. For me, he is the sea of knowledge. I have learnt a lot from him. Service of humanity, devotion to study, obedience to elders and love for youngers-------- are his great ideals. I am lucky that a person like Arif is my friend. MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL Some memories in our life are so painful that they tend to bring tears to our eyes. The memory of my first day at school is one such example. I always look back and call up in my mind the sweet school days. I had to bid farewell to my school as I was going to sit for my SSC examination. For seven long years I was an inseparable part of the institution. Now it exists only in my memory. All the nooks and corners of the big building were intimately familiar to me. To each of them clings some sweet fond memory of days gone by. As I went to receive my admit card of my S.S.C. Examination, all the memories of the past began to crowd over in my mind. The wavy green grasses on the field were alluring and we had walked, sat or played there almost every day during our time at the school. Before departing, we flocked to the Headmaster’s room. With a heavy heart we took leave of him. Some of us touched his feet. He showered blessings on all of us. We went round to other teachers and paid our respect to them as well. When all the formalities were over, we trooped past the gate. Farid Mia, the college gatekeeper, cast us a mournful glance. My eyes became full of tears as I met his moist eyes. Indeed the day was a memorable one which I can never forget in my life. MY MOTHER The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother. My Idea About Leisures Leisure refers to free time which is free from routine works of one's life. The works done during one's free time are known as leisure pursuits, or pastimes. A life can not be fruitful and successful without leisure persuits or pastimes. In our country most village men usually spend their free time by gossiping in tea-stalls,by playing village out door games, by fishing in canals, rivers, haors and beels and by joining rural cultural functions. The village women usually pass their leisures by gossiping and by visiting their neighbours and villagers. The village children spend their free time by flying kites, by plucking flowers and by swimming in ponds, canals and rivers. Today village people watch television programmes at evening and at night. But the city people/dwellersusually enjoy their leisures by visiting parks, zoos, various international fairs, historical places and by joining different clubs. They also pass their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes. Besides, many city dwellers enjoy their free-time by reading story books. newspapers and magazines and by watching international sports and games on n7 screen. Today the most common pastime is watching various TV programmes. Travelling, gardening, painting, drawing pictures etc are also the popular leisure pursuits Nowadays the young society is very fond of listening to band and pop-music. Inwinter football, ha do- do, cricket and various village games are held inour country. The people of Bangladesh are fond of making picnic to the important spots in winter. The value of a leisure pursuit is very great in our life. It helps to wipe out the monotony of routine works and keeps our mind cheerful. I am a college student and have a great interest in travelling and reading magazines and story books during my off time. It is travelling which helps one to broaden one s outlook and knowledge. My Neighbour Man is a social being. He lives in the society with his family and there are neighbours all around him. I live at Lalkhan Bazar in the city of Chittagong. I have my neighbours too. Our neighbours are gentle and amiable people. Most of them are government officers. All of them are highly educated. Some of my neighbours are businessmen, a few of them are doctors, some are day labourers, some are teachers and the rest of them are engaged in other professions. My neighbours are all peace-loving people. We live in complete peace and harmony with one another. When any of us falls ill or into any difficulty, others go out of their way to help him. Most of my neighbours are Muslims. There are some Hindus, Christians and Buddhists. No problem arises among different communities. In different social occasions we co-operate with one another. Of my neighbours there are two school teachers. Now and then, I go to their houses and talk about my studies. They help me willingly. On the whole, our environment is of peace and happiness. MY NEIGHBOURS The word ‘neighbour’ means a person who lives in houses, streets etc. near another. My neighbours are the people who live close to my house. I have a number of neighbours. Most of them are very kind-hearted and progressive minded. A few of them are conservative. My neighbours are of different occupations. Some are businessmen; some are service holders, some doctors and teachers. We live side by side as a unit of a single family. We live in collaboration with one another. When one of my neighbours falls in danger, we all extend our helping hands to him. Sometimes the difference of opinion arises among ourselves. It creates a temporary misunderstanding with some of my neighbours. It is a matter of happiness that it does not last long. We feel sorry for the misunderstanding and compromise it honourably. We share our joys and sorrows among ourselves. Whenever we become ill, our good neighbours come to nurse us back to health. We often consult our problems. My neighbours are not my relatives but more than my relatives. On occasion of different ceremonies and religious festivals we become a family. I am very proud and happy to have such neighbours. MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the-------------river. The name of our village is---------. It is in the district of------------. About five thousand people live in our village. Most of them are Muslims. There are also a few Hindus, Buddhist and Christians. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is a peaceful village with a number of educated people. I am proud of our village and pray for its peace, progress and prosperity. MY OWN PROFILE I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is ----------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. At present I am ----------------- years old. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. As I was the eldest son / daughter of my parents, all the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked from the. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother was very fond of me. She told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her in many ways but she was never angry with me. I recollect the day from my memory, when I first, went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I am, still, a student of that school. My aim is to be an engineer and I am working hard to reach my goal. My hobby is stamp-collecting, painting. My favourite game is cricket. My favourite fruit is mango and my favourite food is ‘Hilsha” fish and rice. I am at present a happy boy / girl of a happy family. I try to make my life bright and prosperous in future. My Parents My parents are the dearest and the nearest persons on earth. They have brought me up from my infancy. They are the only persons who are actually interested in my well-being and that interest of theirs is unconditional. They are happy if I am happy. They have sacrificed all their happiness to make me happy. My father is a school teacher and my mother is a house wife. My father is my guide, friend and philosopher and my mother is the source of inspiration for me. In my childhood, she put her heart and soul in bringing me up. I remember, I caused her much trouble. My father also works hard to maintain his family. He always wants to see me smiling face. He is honest and a man of principle. My mother is also honest and sincere. My parents watch my student career with an affectionate interest. My success gives them immense pleasure and my failure shocks them greatly. Really, my parents are the part and parcel of my life. I am grateful to God that I have got such parents MY RESPONSIBILITY TO MY FAMILY Responsibility is an inherent quality of a man. Truly speaking, the superiority of a human being requires him to show some responsibilities and duties to himself and his family. He cannot be indifferent to his responsibilities towards himself and his family. As man has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. We have our own responsibility towards our family and neighbours. As I am a student, my foremost duty is to study well, listen to my teachers and parents have sensibly with others. I feel that I can perform many duties towards my family. In my family I can help my parents in doing different household works, such as, preparing food, washing the dishes, making the bed, wiping the floors, setting the tables, dusting the furniture doing shopping, etc. Besides, in time of illness I can help my family members by consulting doctors. Again, in time of family crisis I can assist my parents in taking decision. Thus as a teenager, I can perform my responsibilities towards my family. Only then I can claim myself as the best creation of God. MY PARENTS Everybody owes greatly to his parents. I cannot be an exception. I could not pass through my infant days without their love and affection. So I am very much devoted to and fond of my parents. They sacrificed their comfort and pleasure for my health and happiness. As a result I have grown up as what I am today. My parents are a modest couple. But they are dignified. They do not have the pride of wealth, not of higher degrees. But they are solvent and educated. My father is an engineer / medical officer / government employee / businessman and my mother is a school teacher / housewife. Father is always busy with his job. Actually my mother looks after us all time and helps us do our home-task everyday. She keeps the house neat and clean and does other household work. My parents are fond of reading books and newspapers. They are also fond of listening to music. Mother is particularly interested in needlework. She makes our clothes with her sewing machine. Father is the head of our family and everybody obeys him. Both of them take them interest in our education and welfare. Their love for my sister and me is matchless. My parents are my first teachers. I have learnt a lot from them. My parents are worthy of emulation in our society. I love and respect them very deeply. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST Many things I have heard about the historical places of Bangladesh. So I had been dreaming of visiting a historical place. I learnt many things about the beauty of the imposing multidomed Shat Gambuj Mosque. In mid-15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the inhospitable mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the seacoast in Bagerhat district by a saint Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was the earliest torchbearer of Islam in the South who laid the nucleus of an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1442-59), then known as ‘Khalifatabad’ (present Bagerhat). I, accompanied with some of my friends visited the historical mosque and its adjoining area. It came to our view that the stately fabric of the monument stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the heavy foliage. This gives a real picture of a low-lying countryside characteristic of a seacoast landscape. The mosque is roofed over with 77 squat domes, including 7 Chauchala or four-sided domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall is provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light. It has 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of slender stones columns. From these columns spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. The arches are six feet in thickness, have slightly tapering hollow and round walls. The interior and the exterior of the mosque give a view of rather plain architecture but the interior western wall of the mosque was beautifully decorated with terracotta flowers and foliage. I have come to know that besides being used as a prayer hall the mosque was also used as the court of Khan Jahan Ali. At present it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. MY VISIT TO THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is our glory and pride. It is situated at Savar in Dhaka. I have recently had the opportunity to visit the National Memorial. It is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. As I have seen, the tower is 150 feet high and it stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. I have come to know that the foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. The sight of the complex, which was most moving to me is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. The memorial stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. Standing in front of the graves we bowed down our heads in respect. It seemed to us that the towers soar up symbolising the loftiness of the spirit of the martyrs. While visiting I felt that the national memorial is a reminder to all our countrymen of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. Indeed the visit was a one which is still engraved in my heart. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST A few months ago I visited Darjeeling. I went there with my family. When we entered Darjeeling there was a thick fog all round and it seemed as if we were driving into the clouds. It was very cold but we were well prepared, with our coats, caps and mufflers. Arrangements for our stay had been made in a small but comfortable lodging house, and after spending the night there we embarked upon a tour of sight seeing. We visited the Botanical Gardens, the Himalayan Mountaineering places of interest. We ate some authentic Tibetan food and bought traditional Eastern curios. Early the next morning, we went to Tiger Hill to see the sunrise. This is possible only if it is a clear day and many people come back disappointed. But we were lucky. A hush fell over the crowd as the first rays of the sun struggled out from behind the clouds and the sun rose with all its glory. The snow-clad Kanchanjhonga looked breath-takingly beautiful. I have never seen anything so awe-inspiring! From this spot we were even able to get a glimpse of Mount Everest. On our way back we visited the lush tea-gardens which produce some of the finest tea in the whole world. My trip to Darjeeling was a really enjoyable one and I did not know until I went there that nature could be so magical! . MY VISIT TO A VILLAGE It was my first visit to a village. One of my friends invited me to visit his village in two days holiday. I went along with him to his native village which is not far away from my town. In the truest sense their home is made of mud with thatched roof. There were unmetalled roads leading to and coming from the village. Its surroundings were green because of the crops and other vegetation. The streets were usually narrow and dirty with the open drainage system which gave out stinking smell. Outside the village there was a pond. There were some big shady trees on the outskirts of the village. The people in villages enjoy free air. The diet is very nourishing. They live in the bosom of nature. Farmers were seen to go to their fields along with their cattles. Under the shady trees people in general, were holding discussion, smoking and enjoying tit-bits and talks. Some were taking their lunch under these trees. Outside the village there was also a well from where villagers drew water for drinking and other uses. The village belles dressed in their lovely and multi-coloured costumes with pitchers on their heads came to take water from the well. To see them chatting and talking while coming and going is an alluring sight. After all the cool and fresh breeze of the morning, the scenes of sunset and sunrise produced the charming sights and scenes. All these made my mind fresh and lively, which I can never forget. MY VISIT TO BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But the fair had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. On the whole, I enjoyed the fair most with my friends. MY VISIT TO DHAKA Dhaka is an old city. It remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D.I.T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Garden, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. My Next-door Neighbour A next-door neighbour is a person living (residing) adjacent to our house or flat. I have got a next-door neighbour named Mr. Abdul Hakim. He is about 45. He is an B. A. (Hops), M.A. M-Ed. He is a reputed Principal of a college. He is well-educated, well-behaved and well-dressed. He is very sociable, social, amiable kind, helpful, co-operative and friendly. He is very dutiful and responsible too. In a word Mr. Hakim is a very nice man. He always remains cheerful . He is never rude to anybody. He is highly respected and loved everywhere. Yet he has no pride (wkzai4 He Is a very good friend of my father. He often visits our house and asks me about my progress in studies. This noble man always advises me what I should do and what I should not do. When any members of our family fall ill, he comes first. Again, when our family faces any problem, he tries hard to solve it. He has a younger son named Jabiaryer. He is of my own age. He is very friendly and modest. We go to school and play together. Mr.Hakim is fond of fishing in the lake and canals and Jabiayer is fond of playing football and gardening, The kind-hearted next-door neighbour hardly thinks of his own betterment and interest . Now-a-days such a noble next-door neighbour is seldom found in our society. Thanks Allah! I have.got such a nice next-door neighbour. It can be said that a social life can not be successful and fruitful without a good next-door neighbour. So a next-door neighbour plays a vital role in making our life happy and comfortable. My Favourite Poet/ Author My most favourite poet is Kazi Nazrul Islam. He is favourite to me for his patriotic writings. The literature of Bangla' ) is very old and rich in the world. Many famous poets and authors have developed Bangla literature through their writings, Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of them. His contribution is uncommon in Bangla literature. He was born in a poor but noble family at Churulia in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal in 1899. His early life was sorrowful. He lost his father in his early life. He could not receive good education owing to extreme -poverty He began his writing from his very boyhood. Almost all his writings are patriotic , many are rebellious and some negligious. I am - highly inspired (-N~ ") by his rebellious writings. His famous poem 'Bidrohi' was published after returning from the war. He wrote Agnibina (zftWI), Bisher Bashi' Badhanhara Rikter Bedon etc. One after another. he also composed many remarkable plays, dramas and songs. He was sent to jail for his rebellious writings. His writings inspires us to protect/stand against injustice and illegal activities. His writings worked as sharp as swords against the brute British rulers They also work as sharp. as swords against all odds and injustice in all ages. All classes of people, poor and rich were equal to him. This is why, Nazrul is called the Byron of Bangladesh. He passed away in August 29, 1976. Though he is dead, his writings have made him immortal. He is still alive in the heart of the Bangla speaking people. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. N Natural Calamities of Bangladesh: An obstacle to progress Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. The prime natural disasters of this country are flood, storm, cyclone, drought and famine. Flood visits our country every year due to heavy rainfall. It is the most devastating one of all natural calamities. It takes a serious turn in the monsoon. Due to heavy rai n, most of the rivers overflow their banks and thus cause flood. It washes away different types of crops, cattle, homes and properties. The devastating floods in the years of 1988 and 1998 are very remarkable. Most of the districts in the southwest of Bangladesh had been inundated violently. Storm is not less destructive than flood. Storm causes abrupt damage to our life and property. Affected people cannot get the opportunity to save themselves nor their properties. It blows away our homes, trees, cattle and many things. But when a storm revolves violently round a centre, it is called cyclone. It moves at a high speed ranging from forty to more than hundred kilometres per hour. During the last few years, several cyclones swept over our country and caused immense harm to our people. Cyclone is a curse to the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The tidal bore and the heavy showers wash away the stores of foodstuff and cause terrible damage. Drought causes serious harm to our crops and trees. Due to the want of water farmers cannot grow plants nor can produce bumper crops. As an aftermath, famine occurs. Many people die from hunger. However, we have to reduce the loss caused by various natural calamities. Using modern weather forecast, prior warning can be given to the people who are likely to be affected storm, cyclone etc. Moreover, the affected people and domestic livestock can be easily shifted to a safer place during flood and cyclone. Besides, a quick relief, medical treatment and essential medicines should be supplied among the affected people. Some effective measures should be taken by the govt. as well as different NGO’s with a view to eliminating sufferings of the victims. Natural Calamities Natural calamities are the disasters which are inflicted by God, or Nature, or man and his world. Bangladesh is often hit by natural calamities like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquakes, landslides, tidal bores, excessive rainfall, river erosion, famine which bring great loss to the life and property of our country almost every year. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, deforestation, lack of plans etc. are responsible for these natural calamities. Many people becoming homeless and helpless suffer untold sufferings. Houses are destroyed, cattle are washed away, crops are greatly damaged and trees are uprooted. The prices of all essentials go up. Famine breaks out. Thousands of people and animals die for want of food. Many dangerous diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea and dysentery break out in an epidemic form. The educational institutions are closed down for a long time. In a word the whole nation undergoes extreme sufferings and socio-economic pressure. Though we cannot prevent natural disasters as we have no hand in nature, we can reduce the damage caused by natural calamities by using the modern technology of weather warning. Flood can be prevented by building embankments, barrages and a well planned irrigation. The river beds should be dredged for carrying more water by the rivers. An efficient relief measure should also be taken to mitigate the suffering of the flood victims. In fine, it can be said that natural calamities for a poor country like Bangladesh are destructive. So, steps should be taken by the government as well as the conscious citizens raising public awareness to prevent their destructive effect for the greater interest of the country. NATURAL DISASTER IN BANGLADESH I know that Bangladesh is prone to natural disasters. Those disasters are cyclone, tidal bore and flood. Global warming is the main cause of these disasters 1 experienced a cyclone in 1991. Then I was a child. So I can remember a little what had happened during that cyclone. From my memory I can say that the cyclone caused a lot of damages. The wind was blowing so violently that our house was shivering severely. We were afraid that our house might be damaged. However, the house did not collapse but we could not sleep that night in fear. In the morning, people came out of their houses with anxieties. Many houses were damaged and many trees were uprooted. Branches of strongly rooted trees were broken down. Water reached our yard. Many coconuts which were separated from cluster were floating on water. During that cyclone many cattle died falling under collapsed houses. Many people were killed at different places and many were lost. A lot of educational institutions and trees were damaged. The cyclone caused untold sufferings to people. In fact, we are helpless before the natural disasters. We can't prevent them. We can only take some measures to lessen the sufferings of the victims. and to minimise the loss of property. Our govt can buildup some permanent NEWSPAPER A newspaper is a printed publication appearing daily, weekly or monthly containing news, advertisements and articles on various subjects. It carries the news and views from home and abroad to us. In this era of scientific progress, we cannot do a single day without it. We become detached from the outside world in absence of it. It is a part and parcel of our day-to-day life. I cannot start a day without going through a daily newspaper. Newspaper brings news of various kinds to meet the demand of people from all social strata. Newspaper is called the storehouse of knowledge. It has removed the global distance and made the whole of the world a village. Having a newspaper in grip, people can get all sorts of information. It provides them with news about politics, economics, culture, literature, games and sports of the world. Some newspapers have begun to publish guidelines to give students academic aid. Being a student I am inclined to read such kind of newspaper. It helps me a lot. But I do not support yellow journalism because of false news, exaggerated views, irritating comments exile public opinions. We should train up our journalists to be evaluated. NEWSPAPER READING Newspapers have their own importance and advantages. In modern times, newspapers are considered to be the givers of information, news and views. They bring to us news from all the corners of the world. Newspapers in the modern world reflect pubic opinion. They contain a great deal of useful information. The public remains in touch with the leading ideas in the country as well as of the world. Through newspapers, we get national as well as international news. They help in creating among the readers the spirit of goodwill and mutual understanding for other nations of the world. Newspapers are good means of publicity and propaganda. In the advertisement columns, one can know about many things. Thus, by reading newspapers one can know many things. Newspapers play a great role in mobilising public opinion on various national issues. Newspapers also help in education public opinion. They make us realise our duties and make us aware of our responsibilities. They give their own honest, just and right opinion on various great problems of the country. Thus, they lead the masses on the right path. From the point of view of education, they have a great value. Newspapers can publish the latest reports regarding the researches made, discoveries done and inventions made in the various fields. The ideas and thoughts of world-renowned thinkers, writers, poets, scientists, reformers, philosophers and politicians are known to us through newspapers. Thus, newspapers are the important limbs of modern society Necessity of Learning English We know that English is an international language. English has become the window to the world. For any kind of higher education we are dependent on English. Its importance can easily be understood. There are some jobs like that of a pilot, a telephone operator or a tourist guide who require to know English. A foreign office can not perform their deeds without English. For diplomatic relations, foreign trades, use of science and technology even inside our homeland and for spreading our religion abroad, we need English. If we do not learn English right from the very beginning of our academic life, we shall be unable to produce goods doctors, engineers, technicians etc. Proficiency in this language can help us to express our feelings in a befitting manner. A deeper understand-ding of the language can also bring us much pleasure. We shall be able to enjoy good authors. This may sharpen our mental faculty. Our thoughts and actions will be developed through English language. There is none who can deny the importance of this language in our day to day life. Therefore, all of us should make an effort to learn this language. Natural Calamities in Bangladesh natural calamity is a part of the environment. It is a natural force. It brings about untold havoc, sufferings and losses to men, animals, crops, properties, trees and the environment. It is a menace for all. A natural calamity is very destructive and horror. Every year various alarming -natural calamities hit is small plain land which is located on the Bay of Bengal. This is why, Bangladesh is called a land of natural disasters and calamities. Every year she faces various calamities such as floods, cyclones, Sidr, Nargis, earthquakes river erosion , tidal waves (Vt"9001), storms. droughts, excessive rainfall etc. Flood is the most common and devastating one of all the natural calamities in Bangladesh. It usually hits during the rainy season. It has an alarming impact on our lives, crops and properties. Every year a terrible flood sweeps away thousands of houses, domestic animals and poultry. It roots out countless trees, damages our crops, roads, dams and embankments (4K ~-- ) tremendously. Every year it renders (makes) thousands of people homeless, helpless and landless. This frightful natural calamity snatches away a lot of valuable lives every year. The flood-affected people have, to pass their days under the open sky without food, clothes and medicines. After flood, various water-borne diseases break out and acute famine exists across the country. The poor are the worst sufferers. Natural calamities curve our all development plans and efforts severely and endanger our national and social. economy. Def6restation, illiteracy, civic unawareness and acute poverty are the root CRUMB of natural calamities. By raising civic awareness and removing Me acy from the society and by stopping deforestation we can get rid of the natural calamities. Natural Beauties of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a country of gorgeous greenery on the shore of the Bay of Bengal which is enriched with natural beauty and resources, many rivers, birds, forests, historical places and above all, six seasons. Every year thousands of nature lover come from various countries come here to learn from nature, to see awesome creations and to know about wild lives. Amongst those places Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach, the Shundarbans, Srimongal Tea Garden, Jaflong, Rangamati, Bandarban, Paharpur Buddha Vihara and so on are well known worldwide. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Cox’s Bazar and Kuakata Sea Beach a much sought after tourist destination. It is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. The Shundarbans, the land of rare plants and animals, is the largest mangrove forest of the world. One can see Royal Bengal Tiger, a lot of deer, monkeys, and elephants and so on. The real beauty of Shundarbans is the Shundori tree which is really exceptional. Various types of birds always charm the tourists. Srimangal which is one of the hilly districts of Sylhet division is famous for tea gardens and Seven Layered tea. Jaflong is known as land of stone. The Mari River is well known to all due to transparent glass like river water. You can see the ground of river from the top of water. In fine, it can be said that if you love nature, love natural beauty and especially green field you must not forget to visit those places of Bangladesh. Nuclear family The nuclear family or elementary family is a term used to define a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children. I live in a nuclear family. Our family consists of four members such as my father and mother, my sister and myself. Nuclear family is getting popular nowadays because in such a family one can live according to one’s own will. The expenditure here is less than that of an extended family. In a nuclear family one may have much facility. He can enjoy his own life. He has no binding to anyone. The advantages of a nuclear family are stability, legacy, moral coding, skill building, shared responsibility, mutual support. The disadvantages of a nuclear family are that here he has to live alone. He has no companion to share his joys and sorrows. He feels lonely. I do not like it because here one has no friend or companion to share one’s feelings. In recent decades, this traditional form of the family has undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to single-parent families, remarriages, resulting in extended families. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, has brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. There is none here to console one in distress or depression. But above all nowadays nuclear family is getting more popular. OUR NATIONAL FLAG A national flag is not merely a piece of cloth but is a symbol of the love we have for our country. When the national flag is hoisted full mast, we feel proud of it. To the outside world, the national flag carries the identity of our nation. Our national flag has a proportion of 5:3; that is the width of the flag must be three fifths of the length. The design of our flag is a two-colour combination ---- red and green. The green colour is the background in the middle of which is pasted a red circle. The red circle indicates a burning sun and the green background suggests the lush green of our nature. The red sun also suggests the blood sacrificed by our people in achieving the independence. The green colour on the other hand shows the energy of our people. A great sense of honour is attached to the national flag. It is never to be desecrated. The more a country prospers, the more a national flag gains in dignity. It is our hope and aspiration that our national flag will earn a global recognition in future. National Flag Every free country has its own National flag. Bangladesh is also a free country. So we have our own national flag. The proportion of the length and breadth is 10 : 6 and the radius of the flag is one fifth of its length. It symbolises our sovereignty, integrity and freedom. It has a grass-green background with a red sun placed at the centre. The green background means the eternal green of Bangladesh. The red sun is the symbol of a new born nation. It depicts the bloody war of independence. The sun also means a rising nation. Everyone pays respect to his national flag. A national flag can be a great inspiration to everyone who loves his country. The national flag is sacred. It represents our country's honour. It is hoisted on solemn occasions. But unfortunately, we are using this flag on trivial occasions. Consequently, most people do not show due respect to It. They disrespect their own country. So, the Government should protect it and we should honour our motherland by showing proper respect to our national flag. THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL The national memorial at Savar is a symbol of nation’s respect to those heroic sons of the country who laid down their life to gain independence during the war of liberation. Though the memorial stands for the martyrs, the achievement it represents can not be measured because freedom can not be limited. It is the symbol of the nation’s pride and dignity. The most prominently visible portion of the memorial is the 150 feet long tower standing on a base 130 feet wide. The foundation of the memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the victory day. There is a plan to build a huge complex covering 126 acres of land. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. Relics of the war of liberation will be kept in the museum. They will always remind to our countrymen and all those who come to visit the place, the supreme sacrifice of the freedom loving people of Bangladesh. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters just beside the tower. standing there we see the fruit of their sacrifice standing upright to declare the triumph of their glorious deeds. OUR NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is situated at Savar in Dhaka. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. Most prominently visible is the 150 feet tower that stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. They will ever remind our countrymen and all who would come to visit the museum of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. Standing in front of the graves we bow down our heads in respect, as the towers soar up symbolizing the loftiness of their spirit. The national memorial is a reminder to all oppressors that the weapons of freedom need not be very big, and that oppressors will always be defeated. And the will of people prevails, for man is born to be free. A NIGHTMARE It was a nightmare. I was too thrilled to bag the first prize in a lucky draw. It was a free holiday and travel to the Disneyland. I boarded a jumbo jet. Immediately it soared high in the sky. But my joy was short-lived. It kept on going higher and higher. I was terribly frightened. While it was wandering, it crashed with a satellite and broke into pieces. I started falling down. Suddenly, I saw a huge bird, which was as big as a helicopter. I managed to catch its wings. The bird after some time landed on a ship. I got down on the deck. I was thinking that my life has been saved. But this was not so. Suddenly, there was a big blast and the ship broke into pieces. I tried to save my life holding a wooden plank and swimming. It was the unending sea which was full of sharks and whales. I was so frightened that I shouted ‘Mother-Mother’. As soon as my mother heard my call, she woke me up and asked me what happened. I was so happy to find that it was only a ‘frightening dream.’ A NURSE/NURSING AS A PROFESSION Man has three duties --- duty to God, duty to parents and duty to mankind. A nurse is such a person who dedicates her whole life to the service of the people who are ill, injured and wounded. The field she renders her dedicated service to is called nursing. The job of a nurse is very noble. It enables a person to serve the suffering humanity. In our country one needs minimum academic qualifications of S. S. C. to be a nurse. Moreover, one has to study for three years in the Nurses’ Training Centre and this is followed by one year’s practical training in any Medical College Hospital. After completing the course successfully nurses are employed in hospitals and clinics. The job of a nurse is very tiring and trying. She always looks after the patients. A nurse is very vigilant. She renders her heartfelt service to mitigate the agonies and sufferings of the patients. She shares the sorrows and sufferings of the patients. The importance of a nurse beggars description. Hospitals and clinics cannot go even a single day without a nurse. So steps should be taken to ensure due social and financial status for the nurses so that they can keep the torch of Florence Nightingale illuminated. NOBEL PRIZE The Nobel Prize is the world's most prestigious prize. Nobel Prizes are awarded every year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and for promoting world peace. The Nobel Prize was introduced by Alfred Bernard Nobel, a Swedish scientist and inventor of dynamite. He was born in Stockholom in 1833. Dynamite is used to destroy mountains, dig petrol, wells and in war. The prizes are awarded to encourage and recognise the outstanding contributions of top-most figures in different fields. The prizes are given in six fields such as physics, chemistry, medical science, literature, economics and world peace. The recipients of Nobel Prizes get a certificate, a gold medal and a prize money of 10,00000 US dollars. Professor Dr Yunus has been awarded Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to remove poverty with the help of micro-credit. We feel proud of him because he has made us feel proud all over the world. Because Dr Yunus is the first Bangladeshi to get Nobel Prize in peace. NOISE POLLUTION* Sound is a symptom of life. But loud sound creates problem for all. Nowadays noise pollution has reached an alarming stage in human life. It has harmful effects on our life and activities. When the sound is at normal, tolerable, pleasant level, it is simply called ‘sound’. But when it is sharp and harsh to the ears, it becomes ‘noise’. Serious harm can be caused to people if they are regularly exposed to sounds exceeding 70 decibels. Because of the growth of urban population and the increasing use of machines in our everyday life, there has been a general increase in the level of sound around us. On an average, people in the cities are exposed to sounds ranging from 30 to 90 decibels or even more. It has dangerous effect on our auditory nerves. It may cause deafness and psychological imbalance. Really it has become a threat to patients, children and old people. It is more dangerous to the patients suffering from heart diseases. Sound pollution has crossed the limits of human endurance. So it is high time for us to take necessary to check it. Strict laws should be enforced in this regard. Moreover we all should cultivate the virtue of quietness in domestic as well as public life. A Nuclear Family Today a nuclear family is regarded as the most up-to-date form of the family all over the world. There are mainly two categories of families like an extended family and a nuclear family. I am a first year student of an old and ideal college in our Upazila. I am lucky because I am a member of a nuclear family. A nuclear family is a small and planned family consisting of only parents and dependent children. I like the small family very much because there are a lot of advantages and facilities in a nuclear family. A member of a nuclear family enjoys almost all rights and amenities of modern life. A nuclear family is free from noise, chaos and disorder A student of a nuclear family finds enough time to study. So he can easily concentrate on his studies properly which helps him to make a better result in the exams. A nuclear family is a family where one can lead a disciplined , planned, peaceful, happy and cheerful life. On the other hand a member of an extended family is deprived of basic needs and facilities of a life. A student of a big family can not concentrate on studies well because of chaos and noise. The only disadvantage of a nuclear family is loneliness One finds no scope to exchange one's views and ideas with others. A member of a small family leads a dismal andcheerless life elf It is obvious (4vT 11-oft) that a dismal life is. better than a chaotic and noisy life. All these reasons now-a-days a nuclear family is getting popularity in our society too. I do support and suggest all to live in a nuclear family fora safer, better, healthier and longer life. O OUR COUNTRY Bangladesh i s our country. She came into existence on the 16th of December, 1971. The soil, the sky, the wind, in fact, everything of this country is very dear to me. Bangladesh is an over populated country. Abut 114 million people live in this country. The Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Christians are notable among them. They live here in peace and amity. She is an agricultural country. Her soil is very fertile. Jute is the important cash-crop of Bangladesh. Wheat, rice, oil-seeds, tobacco etc are also produced here. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. She is rich in river wealth and raw materials. She exports fish to different countries and earns much foreign exchange. Dhaka, the most populated city in the country, is the capital of B angladesh. Chittagong and Chalna are important sea-ports of this land. Bangladesh is a picturesque land. She has six seasons. Much of the beauty of the country is contributed by numerous trees of different sizes. Flowers are the special gift of nature in Bangladesh. They lend colour, smell beauty and charm to the land. Bangladesh though was once a country of plenty and affluence, has lost much of the wealth as time has passed on. However I love my country with all my heart. OUR SCHOOL LIBRARY Our school is blessed with a wonderful library. It has so many books that it seems impossible to count them. There are long lines of shelves and cupboards containing books on a variety of subjects. In the reading room, there are many long tables with chairs and a little placard with the word ‘SILENCE’ written on it, for a library is a place of peace and quiet. On a table there are magazines of all kinds, in English and Bengali. There are newspapers as well. When a student wants to borrow a book from the library, he chooses the book and takes it to the librarian. The librarian stamps it and notes the name of the child, the book and the date on which it is taken. The librarian is a trained and qualified person. He helps the children to select good books and keeps the library in perfect order. A place of peace and silence, the library is a storehouse of books written beautifully by well-known authors. It is well stocked with storybooks too. The true function of our school library is to make us aware of good and wholesome books that will widen our knowledge and help us grow up intellectually. *OUR SCHOOL MAGAZINE Every school publishes a magazine once a year. Similarly a school magazine is also published in our school every year. It is the mirror of a school that reflects the idea and progress of our school. It is the reflection of our latent talents. We, the students of our school publish the school magazine annually with the help of our teachers. There is a magazine committee. There are members both from the students and the teachers on the committee. The magazine is the outcome of the labour of all these members. It contains stories, poems, articles, jokes, short play etc both in Bengali and English. These are written by the students as well as the teachers. The expenditure of the magazine is provided mainly by the money that is collected from selling space in the magazine for advertisements. The school magazine increases our knowledge and sharpens our power of thinking and reasoning. It inspires us to express our potentialities and we work hand in hand. In a word, the school magazine is a training ground for us in case of co-operation and literary activities. OUR School A school is an institution for upbringing and guiding the younger generation. I’m a student of ‘Y’ school. It is idealized by all the necessary things of education. It was founded in 1899. It is located in the heart of the city. The school is not very far from my residence. It is a three storied building. There are thirty five rooms. Of them thirty spacious and airy rooms are used as classrooms. Morning shift and day shift divide the school times into two shifts. The school sits at 7:30 am and breaks up at 4:30 pm. There are about 2500 students and 55 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is a very learned person with M.A.M.Ed. He methodically administers the school with efficient teachers. Besides the class rooms, there are the Headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, the office room and the hall room. The library and the prayer room are situated in another building beside the main building. There is a very big ground where we play different games in the break. Our school is one of the leading ideal schools of the country. Many prominent men are trained here. I always take pride of being a student of such a renowned institution. The Curse of Over-Population Over-population is a great curse of a country. Too big population of a country in proportion to its assets and land area is-called population explosion (overpopulation). But population is one of the principal elements of a country. Productive and skilled population is a great asset and blessing of a nations. But illiterate, unproduc'Livo or unskilled population is a great curse and burden to a country. Any over-loaded motor vehicle gets an accident at any moment and an over-loaded boat or launch also sinks at any moment. Similarly, an over populated land is burdened with various alarming problems. It is obvious () that Bangladesh is an over-populated land in Asia having too big population. About 950 people live per square kilometre. It is illiteracy which is the root cause of this alarming problem. Social superstition is the another root cause of this severe problem in our country. Mass unawareness (Ttctwz"!) is also a major cause of it. Gender discrimination is another prime cause of population explosion. This alarming issue commits various sinful acts, crimes, offences and corruptions in the society. It is also causes deforestation which brings about various natural catastrophes and disasters ( ~ -,c4lf e fa-*) in our land. It is the root cause of our food problem, unemployment problem, transport problem, traffic jam, load-sheding etc. Over population can be overcome by controlling birth rate, removing illiteracy and social superstitions, by banning early marriage, by driving away gender discrimination and by creating mass awareness and more job facilities. If we fail to control this panic problem, our all development efforts (06t) and plans will be fruitless P Pahela Baishakh: A token of Bengali identity Pahela Baishakh is one of our festival days. In our Bengali year we celebrate Pahela Baishakh on the first Baishakh every year. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. On this day different types of people of different social classes come out from their respective residence and enjoy the carnival enthusiastically and publicly because it is a public holiday. Traders and shopkeepers open halkhata (fresh account books) and offer sweets to their customers and clients with a view to satisfying them keeping the age-old tradition. Children, young, adults, aged —– all people of both male and female look forward to celebrating this day with great hope and aspiration. At the very dawn they go outside to celebrate Pahela Baishakh eating panta vath. Most of the girls adorn themselves wearing fresh dress and flowers in their locks. Young and adult boys like to sing with the traditional musical instruments like ektara, dotara, bamboo-flute, sarinda etc. and somebody likes to wear mask of different things. Different socio-cultural organisations draw up elaborate programmes to celebrate Pahela Baishakh. The day’s first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul where Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation, organises it. Bangla Academy, Shilpakala Academy, Bulbul Lalitakala Academy, Jatiya Press Club, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh National Museum, Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University and many other organisations bring out colourful processions with festoons, placards, posters, banners, masks etc. Bangladesh Betar, BTV, ETV telecast different lively programmes describing and showing the festival activities of Pahela Baishakh. We can’t but memorise this day with great pleasure every year singing together —- “Esho hei Baishakh Esho hei Baishakh” AN IMPORTANT PERSON WHOM I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such an important person. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. Banning of Polythene Bags: A step to avert hazard The menace of polythene is regarded as a threat to our environment because it cannot be burned or destroyed. It is a matter of congratulation that Bangladesh Government has banned polythene bags at length. People were demanding to stop the production, uses and black-marketing of polythene bags. At last in a meeting, presided over by the Prime Minister in the presence of the Environment and Forest Minister, this decision was taken. In this decision it was banned firstly from Dhaka City from 01 January 2002 and from 01 March from the whole country. On an average, 6 million polythene bags were being used everyday only in Dhaka City. About eighty percent of these bags were thrown out into dustbin. Forty percent of these polythene bags find their way into the drain, sewerage line and manhole. As polythene remains unchanged like a strong curtain through which nothing can pass, the dirty water of drains and manhole is overflowed. As aresult, water clogs stagnantly in different places. About 5 million pieces of jute-bags were marketed as alternative immediate after the banning of polythene bags. These bags cost five to seven taka per piece. BJMC also delivers jute bags costing taka two only. After a few days multitude bags are marketed. People are now able to carry these bags in pocket. All types of polythene bags have many disadvantages. It cannot be mixed with soil and thus the fertility of cultivable land is lessened. It spreads skin diseases and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Besides, air is polluted while burning these polythene bags. It also causes some serious chronic diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. We should avoid using as well as producing polythene bags as early as possible with a view to liberating our natural environment from their disadvantages. The specialists think that it may take time to ensure not using the polythene bags anywhere. Now it has been a burning question for us all that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polythene bags for our own betterment as soon as possible. PASTIMES The thing we do regularly for enjoymentrather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one's activities in one's leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality.-In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports, namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like 'Jatra', 'Jari-gan' etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastimes have changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation are very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why it is my favourite pastime. Pastimes Pastime refers to one's hobby or work during one's free time. It is not one's main business. Pastimes vary from person to person, society to society and country to country. In our country the village people pass their leisures by gossiping, playing outdoor and indoor games, fishing, boating, swimming, gardening, visiting neighbours and relatives and joining village cultural functions and by watching 'IV programmes. The city dwellers spend their free time by joining clubs, visiting parks, zoos, museums, international fairs and historical spots. They also enjoy their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes, by reading magazines, newspapers and books, 1.y watching international sporting events at the stadium and travelling and gardening. Our children and the young community have a great fondness and interestfor band and pop music. The Chinese enjoy their pastimes by visiting parks and watching TV programmes at evening. Playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts are the popular pastimes in Japan. The Germans are fond of passing their leisures by travelling, walking, hiking, dancing, visiting families and friends. In Canada skiing, hiking, snow boarding, hunting, camping, bird watching, fishing, boating and swimming in large lakes or sea-beaches are common pastimes. Today watching TV programmes is the most common pastime all over the world. The value of pastimes is very great in our life. It helps to remove the monotony of routine life and keeps our mind cheerful and playful. I am a college student. I pass my leisures by travelling and by reading magazines and newspapers. One's life become dismal and cheerless if one does not enjoy one's free time and holidays properly. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. Early Marriage/ Premature Marriage/Child Marriage Early marriage is an act of getting married at a tender age when the individual is not fully mature to take responsible or not reaching the proper adult age. In Bangladesh the legal age for marriage is 21 for boys and 18 for girls. Despite this legislation, the average age for marriage of girls is 16.4 years. We find that illiteracy, poverty, selfish attitude, unconsciousness, religious misinterpretation, superstitions, social customs, discriminatory attitude towards girls, wrong idea about girls education, dowry system, etc. are some of the causes of premature marriage. Early marriage is seen as a way to “protect” a girl’s sexuality in an unsafe environment. The effects of premature marriage are, no doubt, harmful for health and mind of a female child. The girls cannot adjust with the new environment of their in-law’s house. They cannot serve their husbands’ families properly. In such a condition of their health, weak baby is born with different complications. As a result, it leads to family conflict and misunderstanding. Sometimes, premature marriage leads to divorce, suicide, and unnatural death. To encourage female education and to discourage early marriage our government has taken some positive steps, such as giving stipends to girls, recruiting more female teachers etc. To prevent thispunishable offense, the conscious people should come forward. The parents should be made aware of the bad effects of premature marriage. Different mass media can play an important role in solving the problem. Early marriage perpetuates an unequal society, increasing female vulnerability, powerlessness and assetlessness, as well as restricting personal and psychological development and having hazardous health effects. To sum up, because of negative effect on young people’s development as well as marriage itself, people should not get married early. PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is regulated exertion of the limbs for their balanced development. It is as much important as nourishing food and recuperative rest. By taking regular physical exercise a man can invigorate his body and refreshes his mind. It makes a man strong and stout. It keeps the body and mind sound. A man with sound health is really happy. He can enjoy the world. He can take part in any work with happy mood. Physical exercise makes a man active, energetic and free from diseases. It brings all the muscles into play and strengthens them all. There are many kinds of games and sports, each of which is a good form of physical exercise. Some of them are cricket, football, walking, racing, rowing, riding on horseback, gymnastics and drills. Some people don’t take care of taking physical exercise because they cannot appreciate the importance of this. They should know that physical exercise helps a man possess sound health. They are not to suffer from various diseases if they are take physical exercise. So, we must realise the importance of physical exercise in our life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. Physical Exercise Exercise of different parts of the body is said to be physical exercise. This is essential for keeping the body fit. There is a glaring proverb, "A sound mind in a sound body". That is, if the body is unsound, the mind must be unsound too. Indeed it is not possible to keep good health without proper physical exercise. It makes our muscles strong and active. It gives us immense pleasure and energy. It increases the power of digestion. It also keeps the body free from manifold diseases. In order to maintain good health, we have to take regular physical exercise. But physical exercise must be well regulated, systematic and balanced. Again, exercise after food is not suitable for health. There are different types of exercise, such as - walking, swimming, riding, rowing and jogging are the most common form of exercises. Games and sports particularly, outdoor games like Football, volley-ball, basket ball, badminton, and cricket meet the demand of physical exercise. Physical exercise keeps our body fit as well as offers ample opportunity for our longevity in this world. So, everyone should take physical exercise regularly. A PICNIC I HAVE ATTENDED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A picnic you attended During the last Winter vacation we enjoyed a picnic. It was a fine morning. I with five of my friends started for the journey at 8.00 a.m. We reached our expected place, Rangamati at 11.00 a.m. We had our cooking arrangements with us. We had also playthings and musical-instruments. Reaching there, all of us cooked the food. At midday our lunch was ready. We then sat together and ate to our fill, though the cooking was of no high order. After finishing our lunch, we cleaned the utensils and packed them into the baskets. We sang songs and played games. We roamed around here and there and saw many attractive things. The natural scenery of Rangamati beggars description. That is, we became spell-bound seeing the natural beauty of Rangamati. The setting sun was very beautiful to look at. At 5.30 p.m. we left the place and started for home with merriment. The memory of this journey will remain ever fresh in my heart. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL LABOUR Physical labour is essential for our health. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical labour cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical labour. Physical labour makes our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical labour plays a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical labour we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical labour helps us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical labour we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical labour assists us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical labour in our lives beyond description. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL WORKS The works which are done with physical labour, considered as physical works. Physical work is a part and parcel of the existence of human beings. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical work cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical works. Physical works make our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical works play a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical works we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical works help us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical works we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical works assist us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical works in our lives is beyond description. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. A Postman One who delivers letters, parcels, money-orders, telegrams etc. from door to door is called a postman. He generally puts on a khaki uniform. We know him from a distance. He always carries a bag full of letters, money-orders or parcels. He is a very reliable person. The duties and responsibilities of a postman are many. He has to work in his area from door to door as well as in his office. He sorts the letters according to the locations of the houses of the recipients. After that he puts them in his bag in a planned way. Then he goes out to deliver them from door to door. He has to maintain a record in case of registered letters, parcels and money-orders. He has to take the signatures of the addressee. He is a messenger of fate. He brings us both good and bad news. Yet he is welcomed by all. In fact, the life of a postman is miserable. He passes his days in a very simple way. Still he has to be honest and responsible. We should take care of a postman and his honesty should be rewarded. In fact, the postman is a real friend of our society. POPULATION GROWTH IN BANGLADESH Explosion of population is rightly identified as the number one national problem. The baby boom every year has become worrying. Bangladesh is small country but her population is great. The area of Bangladesh is about 55 thousand square miles, and it has a population of about 130 million. About 2000 people live per square mile. It means Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. There are more people than there is food and space for them. Our population is growing in an alarming rate. The growth rate of Bangladesh is 27 per thousand. It is obviously a very high rate. Our population depends on cultivable land. But on an average, each person has 0.1 hectares of cultivable land. This cannot even produce enough crops to provide the bare necessaries for their existence. Besides, the additional people that are born every year need many additional things. So population growth in Bangladesh is undoubtedly a very great problem. PRICE-HIKE Price-hike is a serious ban to the economy of a country. In the recent times, Prices of essential commodities, including rice, sugar, flour and edible oil are on high rise due to the imbalance challenge of Globalization as well as the curse of nature. It is rising so rapidly and suddenly that the common people have nothing to do but be at a loss going to market. The prices of rice, sugar, flour and edible oil increased while that of fish and vegetables marked a declining trend in the markets. Particularly the poor and the people of fixed income are the worst victim of this situation. Dishonest businessmen take the benefit of this situation and these sorts of businessmen are mainly responsible for this kind of horrible condition which certainly possesses threat to our domestic economy. Besides, there are some logical reasons behind this unexpected price hike though these can be removed by taking adequate preventive steps. The prices of the essential commodities have gone beyond the capacity of the general people. Some corporations like: BSTI, Anti Corruption Branch, RAB, POLICE are working on it. The authority concerned should have been informed to control the situation at any time at any cost. PRICE HIKE OF ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES There was a big price hike of essentials in Bangladesh in the months of September and October. We all experienced it in the market while shopping. All the newspapers of the country published the news with great concern. The hike was a widely talked about subject everywhere in Bangladesh. The prices of almost all the essential commodities rose beyond the reach of the poor and the middle class people. The most expensive items were vegetables, specially brinjal and green chilli. The price hike was caused by the prolonged untimely flood in the country. The holy month of Ramadan also contributed a lot to it, because people, during this month, try to buy and consume some of these items more than in other months. The flood had damaged our crops and disrupted rail and road communication. This also worsened the problem. Some dishonest businessmen made the best use of the situation. They earned illegal and immoral profits at the cost of our suffering. The common people, who always bear the brunt of price hike, reacted patiently. They knew that they were helpless. I felt for the poor people, but I had nothing to do. The government formed monitoring cells to control the price hike. The law enforcing agencies were deployed to fight corruption. Import of essentials was encouraged by the government through tax-cuts. But nothing seemed to prove fruitful. The rich and the business class should come forward to ensure proper distribution of the commodities. Now we should do research work to overcome price hikes in future. PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE The last prize giving ceremony of our college is still very fresh in my memory. It was held on the first week of February last year. The DC of our district had consented to preside over the occasion. We decorated our college premises with flowers and festoons. When the DC arrived he was accorded guard of honour by the BNCC of our college. The proceedings began with the holy Quran Telawat. Then our national anthem was sung when all of us kept standing up. The principal read out his annual report. He recalled the progress that had been carried through during the past years, the achievements of our present and ex-students in various fields of activity. Then the main ceremony began. The principal called each recipient of award by name, announced the subject in which the award was made and the place of honour he occupied. I got two prizes -one for my standing first in the last annual examination and the other in sports. When the prizes were awarded, the cheering crowd greeted the recipients with applause which was loud enough to be heard miles away. With the complimentary speech of the president, the function came to an end. When I remember the day I feel very happy and wish to have the day again so that I can get prizes. PUNCTUALITY Punctuality means the habit of doing a thing at the right time. A punctual man gets ample time in his life. He can do many things. A punctual student learns his lessons in time and finds no difficulty in the examination. He never lags behind in the class. He can follow his lessons from beginning to end. It saves his time. He has not to labour so much. He need not work hard at the time of examination. He makes a better performance with a minimum amount of labour. Punctuality crowns him with brilliant success in life. An unpunctual man is an enemy to himself. He is a nuisance to everyone. He is disliked by all. He suffers for that. If he gives word to his friends and cannot keep it, he may lose his friends. An unpunctual clerk loses his job. An unpunctual man cannot even say his prayers in time. The habit of punctuality requires long careful training. So the habit should be practised quite early in life. Once the habit is formed its utility will be apparent in every sphere of life. So let us develop the habit of punctuality so that we can do the maximum work within the span of life. POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. Three things ---- objects, forces and conditions together make our environment. It includes both natural and man-made objects, forces and conditions. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessary as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal to toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. Again, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. Soil pollution is also another important aspect. Factory waste, nuclear explosion, oil etc pollute the soil. Polluted soil can’t grow crops. We should bear in mind that if the environment is polluted, none of us will remain safe. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. R A Railway Station: A terminal for passengers A railway platform/station is the place where trains stop at and depart from. The passengers get on and get off a train from a railway station/platform. It usually occupies a large area. A railway station has a platform. However a big railway station has a number of platforms. Platforms are often covered with huge tin-shed. If there are more than one platform, an over-bridge connects them. In a railway station/platform there are some rooms too, namely station master’s room, waiting room, restaurant, go-down, booking office, ticket counter. There are some benches in the rail way station/platform for the convenience of the travelling passengers. One can also see some stalls in a row selling cheaper kinds of books, newspapers, magazines etc. snacks and tea and even stationary goods. Besides, a large number of hawkers can be seen busily moving from passengers to passengers with cigarettes, betel leaf, bread, chanachur etc. We find some beggars, thieves, swindlers and pickpockets in that place too. A railway platform/ station becomes very busy when a train arrives. Whistles of the train, rustling sound of the engine, movements of the passengers in a hurry, shouts of the hawkers and porters make the railway station/platform full of din and bustle. When the train whistles away, the station becomes calm and quiet. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Of course, a railway station/platform is a very busy and important place. A RAINY DAY In the rainy season sometimes, it so happens that it rains all day long. On such a day the sky remains overcast with clouds. The weather becomes foul. The sun is not seen. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pitters-patters and some times it pours down heavily. The unmetalled roads become muddy and slippery. Water stands on them here and there. None can go out without an umbrella. People walk along the roads with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. The cattle are kept in their sheds. Birds remain sitting on trees. People in general have nothing to do. Poor day labourers suffer much. They cannot go out to work. The people working in offices take the trouble of going to offices in the rain. But such a day is most welcome to the school goers. They do not care to go to school taking some troubles. It is a day full of thoughts and memories to a poet. He or she loves to hear songs and gets lost in his or her thoughts. Though a rainy day is a dull day, it is a blessing after the scorching heat of summer. So the day is welcomed by all. Causes and Effects of Road Accident Road transport in Bangladesh is very popular for various reasons, but the condition of Bangladesh roads is very poor and deplorable. The rate at road-accidents and fatality in the country is very high. Pressure on roads has been on increase and the number of vehicles is increasing by leaps and bounds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level- crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is another great source of worry. Drug-abuse and addiction by drivers is another major cause of accidents. The ever increasing use of mobile phones has posed a new challenge to road-safety. lmmediate and effective steps should be taken to check the ever increasing number of road-accidents and death. The effects can be anything from a dent to death, of the drivers, passengers, and occupants of other cars or pedestrians, damage to vehicles. It can be financial loss, psychological, punishment by law or death also. To prevent these accidents, it is imperative that effective long and short term measures are immediately taken. Roads should be properly maintained and looked after. There should be multi-lane roads wherever necessary. There should be separate tracks for slow moving vehicles from those of fast and very fast moving vehicles. There should be an effective check on speed of the vehicles. Violation of traffic rules should be strictly dealt with. Grant of driving licenses and permits to vehicles should be properly streamlined. Those driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol should be given exemplary punishment and their licenses cancelled. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY STATION A railway station is a halting place for trains. There are normally a station building, a big shed and a platform in a railway station. The station-building is used for booking office, ticket counter, station master’s office, waiting rooms etc. There are tea-stalls, book-stalls and moving shops in a railway station. A few wooden or concrete benches are a common sight in a railway station. Coloured posters, advertisement etc are displayed on the walls of a railway station. The rail-lines run by the one side of a railway station and on the other, there is a bus or rickshaw stop for the passenger of different places to start from. A railway station is a place for people to start or end journey. It looks busy when the trains arrive. Passengers remain busy to catch trains or get down from trains. Railway porters become busy to find a job. The rail police, ticket checkers, station master --- all become busy with their specific responsibilities. It becomes a place of great din and bustle with the rush of passengers, the whistle of the trains, the roar of engine, the conversations of people and what not. THE LIFE OF A RICKSHAW PULLER A person who pulls rickshaw for earning his livelihood is called a rickshaw puller. A rickshaw puller is a common sight on the streets of our towns and cities. They are mostly found crowding at corners of roads, near stations, cinema halls etc. They draw the attention of passengers by ringing bells or shouting. Most of the rickshaw pullers are so poor that they have no rickshaw of their own. They hire rickshaws from the rickshaw owners. What they earn a day is given to the owners at a fixed rate. A rickshaw puller is hard working and always punctual. He pulls the rickshaw from dawn to late hours at night. He is careless of the sun, rain or heat and cold. He maintains his family with the small income he earns daily. Sometimes he is to starve when he fails to get a rickshaw on hire. He puts on poor and shabby dress. Since he earns a small income, he has to eat less and so he is of ill health. He can hardly meet his both ends. He leads a very miserable life. A rickshaw puller is indeed, an important person in times of our need. Concerted efforts should be launched to improve the lifestyle of the rickshaw pullers. A Railway Station A railway station is a halting and starting place for the trains. In the railway station, there are booking room, station master's room, ticket counters and waiting rooms both for men and women. Some permanent shops and restaurants are also found in a railway station. It has a platform for passengers to get down and to get into the trains. When a train is scheduled to come in a railway station, it becomes a busy and noisy place. A few minutes before the arrival of the train, the station bell rings. Passengers stand in a line to collect tickets. The booking clerk becomes busy in selling tickets. The hawkers try to entertain the passengers by selling bread, banana, betel-leaf, cigarettes, magazines and papers. The porters are busy taking out luggage. In almost every station there is a book stall where one can buy a magazine or a newspaper or any other book. When the train comes into the station, it becomes noisier. Train doors become crowded. Passengers jostle and wrestle with one another to get into the train and to get off it. The station bell rings once more, the green flag of the guard is hoisted and waved, the train leaves the station. After departure of the train, the station becomes calm, quiet and lifeless again. A Rainy Day A rainy day is a day when it rains all day long continuously Bangladesh is a dream land having six seasons. The rainy season is one of them. So a rainy day is very common to the people of Bangladesh. The sky remains cloudy. The sun is not seen on the day. The day is dull and gloomy. The weather is foul on a rainy day. Sometimes it rains heavily. Roads become muddy and slippery .So people can't move freely and easily from one place to another. They need an umbrella. An umbrella is the only companion of the people in a rainy day. Birds stay in their nests and cattle keep standing in their sheds. A rainy day is a great curse to the day labourers, the slum dwellers, the rootless and the poor. They can not go out the doors in search of works. As a result, they pass a rainy day with starvation. The student welcomes a rainy day because classes are not held on the day. The boys catch fish in a rainy day. The rich enjoy the day by playing indoor games and eating khichuri and rich dishes. Sometimes, a rainy day causes flood and damages crops. Since a rainy day is jobless, most people pass the day by gossiping ,playing indoor games, singing songs and telling interesting stories, jokes and riddles. After all , a rainy day gives us both joy and sorrow. After a rainy day, the nature becomes fresh and nice.

IELTS Band 9 Vocabulary

Graphs, Charts Description for SSC, HSC and Other Examination

CHATTOGRAM BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. The term ‘diaspora' is used to refer to people who have left their home lands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only In recent decades. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian nub- continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1 x 5 = 5 (a) The word 'decade' refers to –––– (i) thirty years (ii) fifty years (iii) ten years (iv) five years (b) What does diaspora mean? (i) People who live in their own country. (ii) People who go abroad. (iii) People who work in other countries. (iv) People who leave their own countries and settle In other, parts of the world. (c) The synonym of 'noteworthy is —-—. (i) insignificant (ii) noticeable (iii) invaluable (iv) appropriate (d) The Aryans came to the Indian sub-continent from-------. (i) America (ii) Africa (iii) Central Europe (iv) Europe (e) In Africa, there have been----. (i) massive diasporas (ii) a little diasporas (iii) no diasporas (iv) very little diasporas Answer: 1. A. Multiple choice (a) → (iii) ten years; (b)→ (iv) People who leave their own countries and settle in other parts of the world; (c)→ (ii) noticeable; (d)→ (iii) Central Europe; (e)→ (i) massive diasporas. B. Answer the following questions. (a) Why do people leave their own countries? (b) Do you think that there have been massive diasporas In Africa? (c) Why is diaspora attracting so much attention? (d) How do the twentieth century Palestinian diasporas draw the attention of the world leaders? (e) Why have the scholars been studying about the diasporas with great interest? Answer: B. Open-ended (i) people leave their own countries and settle in other parts of the world because they are often forced to leave their homeland or they prefer to do so of their own accord. (ii) Yes, I think that there have been massive diasporas in Africa over the centuries due to war or ravages of nature. (iii) The questions of diaspora now is attracting so much attention mainly because of the advantages of globalization. (iv) The Palestinian diasporas in the twentieth century have been able to draw a lot of attention of the world leaders because of the untold sufferings of the Palestinians. (v) The issue of diasporas is an old one. Scholars have been studying about the diasporas with great interest to identify the reasons of the increasing diasporas and to put forward their recommendations with a view to putting an end to this ever-increasing problem. DINAJPUR BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER 1. Read the following text and answer the questions A and B. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 millions boys. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1x5=5 (a) What could be the closest meaning for the word "constitute" in the first sentence? (i) take (ii) form (iii) add (iv) make (b) The phrase "take place" in the second sentence stands for — (i) occur (ii) recur (Hi) go to a place (iv) all of them (c) Adolescence is a-----period from childhood to adulthood. (i) transition (ii) transitory (iii) transitional (iv) transient (d) The synonym of 'affluent' is----. (i) destitute (ii) poor (iii) poverty (iv) well off (e) The word "economic" can be replaced by-------. (i) economy (ii) economical (iii) monetary (iv) finance Answer: 1. A. Multiple choice (a) ––– (ii) form: (b) ––– (i) occur (c) ––– (iii) transitional (d) ––– (iv) well oft (e)––– (iii) monetary. B. Answer the following questions. 2X5=10 (a) How will you define adolescence? (b) Why is adolescence important? (c) What do the adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face? (d) What are the effects of female inequality in Bangladesh? (e) How do wealth and education Influence a girl's marriage? Answer B. Open-ended (a) Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. (b) Adolescence is important because this period shapes the future of girls' or boys' future lives. (c) The adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face inequality and subordination within the family and society. (d) The effects of female inequality in Bangladesh are widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse, etc. (e) A girl with higher level of education and from a more affluent family tends to marry at a later age. Thus wealth and education influence a girl's marriage. RAJSHAHI BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER Part-I: Reading (60 Marks) 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination. The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a ‘Kua’ ― or well- dug on the seashore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Kuakata is a unique spot which allow a visitors to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world’s most attractive beaches. Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying on the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred years old Buddhist temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Scenic spot refers to ――. (i) a place havin multiple scenes (ii) a place having a calm atmosphere (ii) a place of unparalleled natural beauty (iv) a place having untidy spots (b) The word ‘shimmering’ in the text could be best replaced by ――. (i) shivering (ii) shining (iii) significant (iv) glaring (c) The Rakhine originally came from ――. (i) Ratuakhali district (ii) Latachapali union (iii) Kuakata coast (iv) Arakan district (d) The best synonym of ‘vibrant’ is ――. (i) thrilling (ii) colourful (iii) gorgeous (iv) brilliant (e) Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and sanctuary for migratory winter birds ―― what does it imply? (i) Kuakata is a beach in its original pure condition and a rare abode for guest birds. (ii) Kuakata is a place of rare beauty and world’s longest beach. (ii) Kuakata is untouched by human habitation. (iv) Kuakata is a natural habitat. Answer: 1. A a― (iii) a place of unparalleled natural beauty; b― (ii) shining c― (iv) Arakan district d― (iv) brilliant e― (i) Kuakata is a beach in its original pure condition and a rare abode for guest birds B. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10 (a) What does the expression ‘a much south after tourist destination’ mean? (b) Where does the name Kuakata come from? (c) What makes Kuakata an attractive tourist spot? (d) Why would one visit Kuakata? (e) ‘Kuakata’ upholds an ancient tradition, how? Answer: B. Open-ended (a) The expression ‘a much south after tourist destination’ means a very attractive tourist spot which the tourists of home and abroad greatly desire to visit. (b) The name ‘Kuakata’ comes from the story of ‘Kua’ or well- dug on the seashore by the early Rakhine settlers for collecting drinking water. (c) Kuakata has a genuine scenic beauty that attracts tourists. An excellent combination of the picuresque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay-of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much south after tourist destination. (d) One would visit Kuakata, one of the most beautiful beaches of the world, to enjoy its scenic natural beauty, sandy and foamy beaches, blue sky, evergreen forest, shimmering and the surfing waves, migratory birds, the unending line of coconut trees, etc. (e) Kuakata rightly upholds an ancient tradition and cultural heritage of this area being in possession of the native culture of the Rakhine community and hundred-year old Buddhist temples. Dhaka Board – 2017 English First Paper [N. B. ––The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.] Part I 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B :–– One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life, literature, economy, and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A fer are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual strench fills the air around it. But that is not what it was like before. The report says that the river has a glorious past. Once it was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleswari. Gradually, it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at the tide level of the Buriganga and founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. The river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Jahangirnagar was renamed Dhaka which grew into a heavily populated city with a chronic shortage of space. The city paid back the bounty of the river by sucking life out of it! According to newspaper report, the Buriganga is dying because of pollution. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills and factories, hospitals and clinics and households and other establishments are dumped into the river everyday. The city of Dhaka discharges about 4500 tons of solid waste everyday and most of it is directly released into the Buriganga. According to the department of the Environment (DoE) 20,000 tons of tannery waste, including some highly toxic materials are released into the river everyday. Experts identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city as the primary sources of river pollution: Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:– 1x5=5 (a) The word ‘tributary’ refers to ––––– (i) fountain (ii) territory (iii) stream (iv) kingdom (b) The Buriganga water fills the air with –––––– (i) aroma (ii) fragrance (iii) stink (iv) scent (c) ––––––– founded their capital on the bank of the Buriganga. (i) The British (ii) The Mughals (iii) The Indians (iv) The Bangladeshi (d) Which of the following statement is false? (i) Buriganga is a river (ii) Our rivers are not in good shape (iii) Jahangirnagar was once called Dhaka (iv) Water is being contaminated (e) The best synonym of ‘toxic’ is–––––––– (i) Poisonous (ii) Hygienic (iii) Healthy (iv) Useful B. Answer the following questions :–– 2x5=10 (a) What do you think is the condition of the rivers of our country? (b) What is the commercial value of the river Buriganga? (c) Why is the Buriganga described as an example of a dying river? Give reasons for your answer. (d) How is the Buriganga polluted? (e) What did the Mughals marvel at? What was the outcome of it?

IELTS Ideas Topic Abstract Ideas & Others

Transformation of Senteces for SSC and Hsc Examination INVERSION ¨ Using the negative adverbs: Not only Never Not until Seldom Not once Rarely At no time Scarcely By no means No sooner Nowhere If these adverbs are used at the beginning of the sentence auxiliary verb comes before the subject of that sentence. Negative Auxiliary Subject Verb Ext. Never have we traveled so long way Examples: Not once was he on time. Seldom have I heard such beautiful music. Not only did the company lose profits, but it also had to lay off workers. MORE EXAMPLES: INCORRECT: Very seldom a movie can hold my attention like this one. CORRECT: Very seldom can a movie hold my attention like this one. INCORRECT: Not one paper she has finished on time. CORRECT: Not one paper has she finished on time. INCORRECT: Not once Monju and Rony have invited us to their house. CORRECT: Not once have Monju and Rony invited us to-their house. INCORRECT: Only rarely an accident has occurred. CORRECT: Only rarely has an accident occurred. INCORRECT: Never again an accident may occur. CORRECT: Never again may an accident occur. EXERCISES: Part A-1:Not until the Triassic Period – the first primitive mammals did develop. did the first primitive mammals develop. did develop the first primitive mammals. the first primitive mammals develop. Any of them can be used. Part A-2: Never again they will come to my house. the come early in the morning. will they come with a dog. she will go there rapidly. every body tell a lie. Part A-3: Not until they will come. I have done it I tell them to come she offers a banquet have I done the job their father allow them Part A-4: Not until the seventeenth century – to measure the speed of light. did anyone even attempt anyone did even attempt did anyone attempt even did even attempt anyone Inversions are used when the mentioned expressions beginning with only occur at the beginning of a sentence the subject and verb in that clause are inversed. Examples: Only in an emergency should you use this exit. Only recently did she return from abroad Only by asking questions can you learn. A. Only if B. Only when C. Only because D. Only after E. Only until In the cases of mentioned expressions auxiliary verb of the 2nd clause comes before the subject of that clause. Examples: Only if you have a serious problem should you call Mr. Franklin at home. Only when you are satisfied is the sale considered final. If expressions like so+ adj or so+ participle are used at the beginning of the sentence inversion also occurs, Examples: So rare is this coin that it belongs in a museum. So confusing was the map that we had to ask a police officer for directions. However, in the cases of adverbs of place or adverbs of order, auxiliary as well as the main verb come before the subject. Examples: In front of the museum is a statue. Off the coast of California lie the Channel Islands. First came a police car, then came an ambulance. Sample Item: 1. Most southern states had set up primary schools systems by the late eighteenth century, but only in New England – and open to all students. primary schools were free were primary schools free free were primary schools were free primary schools. 2. Across the Chesapeake Bay from the rest of the state –, whose farms produce beans, tomatoes, and other garden vegetables. there lies Maryland's Eastern Shore lies Maryland's Eastern Shore Maryland's Eastern Shore lies there Maryland's Eastern Shore lies.

IELTS Vocabulary for letter writing Advanced Vocabulary for Letter Writing advanced vocabulary, words, collocation, phrase with meaning and examples for ielts letter writing to achieve band 9 Inevitable: something that is certain to happen, unavoidable Example: It was inevitable that the company would face financial difficulties given the current economic situation. Mitigate: to make something less severe, harmful or painful Example: Measures have been taken to mitigate the impact of the drought on the local farming community. Subsequently: happening or coming after something else Example: The report highlighted the problems with the product and subsequently, sales declined. Invariably: always, without exception Example: The team invariably performs well under pressure. Disseminate: to spread information, knowledge or ideas to a large number of people Example: The government is working to disseminate information about the benefits of renewable energy. Pervasive: widespread, existing or present everywhere Example: The pervasive use of social media has changed the way people communicate with each other. Alleviate: to make something less severe, reduce or ease the pain or suffering Example: The new medication has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Evidently: clearly, obviously, plainly Example: The company's financial reports evidently showed a decline in profits over the past year. Facilitate: to make something easier or convenient, to help or assist in the process Example: The new software was designed to facilitate communication between different departments. Invariably: always, without exception Example: The team invariably performs well under pressure. Ostensibly: apparently, seemingly, apparently true but not necessarily so Example: The company's decision to lay off workers was ostensibly due to budget cuts, but there may have been other reasons. Pragmatic: practical, sensible, realistic Example: The company took a pragmatic approach to the problem and found a solution that worked for everyone. Aforementioned: previously mentioned, already referred to Example: The aforementioned proposal has been approved by the board of directors. Incongruous: not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something, out of place Example: The modern architecture of the building seemed incongruous in the historic district. Exacerbate: to make something worse, more severe or more intense Example: The lack of rainfall will exacerbate the water shortage in the area. Disparate: fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind Example: The two companies had disparate approaches to marketing their products. Superfluous: unnecessary, extra, surplus to requirements Example: The report contained a lot of superfluous information that could have been omitted. Ubiquitous: present or found everywhere, widespread Example: The use of smartphones has become ubiquitous in modern society. Reciprocate: to respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one, to give back in return Example: The company promised to reciprocate the loyalty shown by its customers. Idiosyncrasy: a unique or peculiar habit or characteristic Example: His idiosyncrasy of always wearing a hat was a source of amusement to his colleagues. 99 Acquiesce: to accept or agree to something without objection Example: Despite her reservations, she eventually acquiesced to his plan. Ameliorate: to make something better, improve Example: The new regulations aim to ameliorate the situation for workers in the industry. Anomaly: something that deviates from what is expected or normal Example: The unusually high temperatures in the region were seen as an anomaly by meteorologists. Antithesis: the direct opposite of something Example: The author used the character of the villain as the antithesis of the hero. Apathy: lack of interest or concern, indifference Example: The students' apathy towards their studies was a cause for concern for their teachers. Arbitrary: based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system Example: The company's decision to lay off certain employees seemed arbitrary and unfair. Arcane: understood by few, mysterious or obscure Example: The legal jargon used in the contract was arcane and difficult to understand. Assiduous: showing great care, attention and effort Example: The lawyer's assiduous preparation helped him win the case. Autonomy: the right or condition of self-government, independence Example: The region was granted autonomy from the central government. Avarice: extreme greed for wealth or material gain Example: The CEO's avarice led to unethical business practices and a decline in company morale. Bellicose: inclined or eager to fight, aggressive or hostile Example: The politician's bellicose rhetoric increased tensions between the two countries. Benevolent: well-meaning and kindly, characterized by goodwill Example: The charity's benevolent actions helped many people in need. Cacophony: a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds Example: The construction site was filled with a cacophony of noise. Capitulate: to surrender, give up resistance, yield Example: The rebels eventually capitulated and laid down their arms. Cathartic: providing emotional release, therapeutic Example: Writing in a journal can be a cathartic way to deal with stress and anxiety. Cogent: clear, logical and convincing, compelling Example: The lawyer presented a cogent argument for his client's innocence. Conjecture: an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information, speculation Example: The author's theory about the meaning of the novel's ending was pure conjecture. Convoluted: complex and difficult to follow, intricate Example: The instructions for assembling the furniture were convoluted and confusing. Credence: belief or acceptance of something as true, credibility Example: The new evidence gave credence to the witness's testimony. Cryptic: having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure, enigmatic Example: The message left on her phone was cryptic and difficult to understand. Dearth: a scarcity or lack of something, shortage Example: The drought caused a dearth of crops and food supplies. Decadence: moral or cultural decline, decay, self-indulgence Example: The city's reputation for decadence and excess drew many tourists. Demagogue: a leader who appeals to people's emotions and prejudices, rather than reason or truth, a rabble-rouser Example: The politician was accused of being a demagogue who preyed on people's fears. Denigrate: to criticize unfairly, disparage Example: The columnist's article denigrated the work of a respected scientist. Deride: to ridicule or mock, make fun of Example: The comedian's routine often derided politicians and public figures. Despot: a ruler who exercises absolute power, often in a cruel or oppressive way Example: The despot's reign was characterized by widespread human rights abuses. Diatribe: a forceful and bitter verbal attack or criticism Example: The politician's speech was a diatribe against his opponents. Diligent: hard-working and careful, industrious Example: The student's diligent studying paid off with excellent grades. Disparate: essentially different in kind, not allowing comparison Example: The two paintings were so disparate in style and subject matter that it was hard to believe they were created by the same artist. Dissonance: a lack of harmony or agreement, a discordant sound Example: The dissonance between the two musicians' playing was distracting to the audience. Ebullient: cheerful and full of energy, enthusiastic Example: The team's ebullient spirit carried them to victory. Eclectic: deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources Example: The restaurant's menu was eclectic, featuring dishes from a variety of cuisines. Egregious: outstandingly bad or shocking, flagrant Example: The company's treatment of its workers was egregious and drew public outcry. Eloquent: fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing, articulate Example: The speaker's eloquent words inspired the audience. Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of others Example: The therapist's empathy helped her connect with her clients and facilitate their healing. Enigmatic: difficult to understand, mysterious Example: The artist's enigmatic paintings left many viewers puzzled. Epitome: a perfect example of something, the embodiment of a quality or characteristic Example: The athlete was considered the epitome of dedication and hard work. Equanimity: calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations Example: The leader's equanimity in times of crisis inspired confidence in his followers. Esoteric: intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest Example: The scientific paper's esoteric language made it inaccessible to the average reader. Euphemism: a mild or indirect word or expression used in place of one considered to be too harsh or blunt Example: The obituary used the euphemism "passed away" instead of the more direct "died." Evanescent: soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence, fleeting Example: The beauty of the sunset was evanescent, disappearing quickly behind the horizon. Exacerbate: to make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse Example: The CEO's decision to lay off workers during a pandemic only served to exacerbate the economic crisis. Exculpate: to clear from blame, exonerate Example: The evidence presented in court exculpated the defendant and proved his innocence. Exemplary: serving as a desirable model, commendable, praiseworthy Example: The student's exemplary behavior and academic performance earned her a scholarship. Extol: to praise highly, laud Example: The coach extolled the team's hard work and dedication during their championship run. Facetious: treating serious issues with inappropriate humor, flippant Example: The comedian's facetious remarks about a recent tragedy were met with criticism. Fallacious: based on a mistaken belief, misleading Fastidious: very attentive to detail, meticulous, hard to please Example: The editor was fastidious in her attention to grammar and syntax. Fluctuate: to rise and fall irregularly in number or amount, vary Example: The stock market's value fluctuated wildly in response to economic news. Fortuitous: happening by chance or luck, fortunate Example: The singer's chance encounter with a music producer proved fortuitous and launched her career. Frivolous: not having any serious purpose or value, trivial Example: The lawsuit was dismissed as frivolous, without merit. Garrulous: excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters Example: The old man's garrulous ramblings were a source of annoyance to his family. Gregarious: fond of company, sociable Example: The party was a hit with the gregarious crowd, who enjoyed mingling and socializing. Harbinger: a person or thing that signals or foreshadows something to come Example: The first drops of rain were a harbinger of the storm to come. Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others Example: The country's economic hegemony gave it significant influence over global trade. Iconoclast: a person who challenges or criticizes established beliefs or customs, a rebel Example: The artist was an iconoclast, whose provocative work challenged societal norms. Idiosyncrasy: a unique or peculiar behavior or characteristic, a quirk Example: The writer's idiosyncratic style and use of language made his work stand out. Ignominious: deserving or causing public disgrace or shame Example: The politician's ignominious resignation followed a scandal involving corruption. Impetus: the force or energy that makes something happen or happen more quickly, motivation Example: The team's recent successes provided the impetus for the coach to continue pushing them to do better. Impute: to attribute or ascribe a quality or responsibility to someone or something Example: The success of the project was imputed to the hard work and dedication of the team. Inane: lacking significance, silly, foolish Example: The comedian's jokes were often criticized as inane and unfunny. Incessant: continuing without interruption, unceasing Example: The sound of the nearby construction was incessant, making it difficult to concentrate. Incisive: penetrating, sharp, clear-thinking Example: The journalist's incisive questions revealed important information about the scandal. Incongruous: not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something, inappropriate Example: The garish decorations were incongruous with the elegant surroundings of the restaurant. Indolent: lazy, avoiding work or physical activity Example: The student's indolent attitude towards studying resulted in poor grades. Ineffable: too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words, indescribable Example: The beauty of the sunset was ineffable, beyond words. Inexorable: impossible to stop or prevent, relentless Example: The inexorable passage of time is a universal truth. Infinitesimal: extremely small, negligible Example: The difference in the two measurements was infinitesimal and had no significant impact on the results. Ingenuous: innocent and unsuspecting, naïve Example: The young girl's ingenuous nature made her an easy target for the con artist. Inscrutable: impossible to understand or interpret, mysterious Example: The politician's true motives were incredibly inscrutable, leaving many wondering about his true intentions. Insidious: working or spreading harmfully in a gradual or subtle way, deceptive Example: The insidious influence of social media on mental health is a growing concern. Insipid: lacking flavor or interest, dull, boring Example: The food at the restaurant was insipid and uninspired. Intrepid: fearless, adventurous, brave Example: The explorer was known for his intrepid spirit, always eager to take on new challenges. Inundate: to overwhelm with something, flood Example: The office was inundated with paperwork, making it difficult to keep up. Inveigle: to persuade or entice someone to do something by flattery or deception, coax Example: The salesperson inveigled the customer into buying a product they didn't really need. Juxtapose: to place two things side by side for the purpose of comparison or contrast Example: The artist's latest work juxtaposed images of beauty with those of destruction, creating a powerful commentary on society. Languid: lacking energy or enthusiasm, slow, relaxed Example: The hot weather made everyone feel languid and unmotivated. Laconic: using few words, concise, terse Example: The boss's laconic instructions left the team confused about what was expected of them. Lethargic: lacking energy or enthusiasm, sluggish, lazy Example: The student felt lethargic after staying up late to study for exams. Loquacious: tending to talk a lot, talkative Example: The loquacious salesman talked the customer's ear off, trying to convince them to buy a product. Magnanimous: generous and forgiving, unselfish Example: The athlete showed magnanimous sportsmanship by congratulating their opponent on their win. Malevolent: having or showing a desire to harm others, evil Example: The villain's malevolent actions caused chaos and destruction. Malleable: capable of being shaped or molded, adaptable Example: The malleable material was easy to work with and could be formed into various shapes. Maverick: a person who thinks and acts in an independent or unconventional way, nonconformist Example: The artist was a maverick, known for their innovative and unconventional approach to their work. Meander: to follow a winding and indirect course, wander aimlessly Example: The river meandered through the countryside, providing a scenic view for hikers. Mellifluous: sweet and pleasant sounding, melodious Example: The singer's mellifluous voice was a joy to listen to. Mercurial: subject to sudden or unpredictable changes in mood or mind, volatile Example: The boss's mercurial behavior made it difficult for their employees to know how to approach them. Metaphorically: used in a way that suggests a metaphor, symbolically Example: The artist used metaphorically charged images to convey a deeper meaning in their work. Meticulous: showing great attention to detail, precise, thorough Example: The architect's meticulous planning resulted in a flawless design. Misanthrope: a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society, cynic Example: The misanthrope withdrew from society, finding solace in solitude. Misogynist: a person who dislikes, despises, or is strongly prejudiced against women, sexist Example: The politician's misogynistic comments sparked outrage and condemnation. Mitigate: to make less severe or intense, alleviate Example: The company implemented policies to mitigate the effects of workplace stress on its employees. Modicum: a small amount of something, a little bit Example: The artist had a modicum of talent, but lacked the dedication to fully develop their skills. Morose: gloomy, sullen, ill-tempered Example: The morose atmosphere of the funeral reflected the sadness and loss of the occasion. Myriad: a countless or extremely large number, multitude Example: The museum had a myriad of exhibits, showcasing a diverse range of art and artifacts. Nefarious: wicked or criminal, evil Example: The nefarious activities of the criminal organization were finally exposed by law enforcement. Nihilistic: rejecting all religious and moral principles, believing life is meaningless, pessimistic Example: The nihilistic philosophy of the character in the book reflected a dark and despairing worldview. Nominal: existing in name only, not actual, symbolic Example: The salary increase was nominal, barely enough to cover the cost of living. Nostalgic: feeling a sentimental longing for a past time or place, wistful Example: The old photograph brought back nostalgic memories of a happy childhood. Novice: a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation, beginner Example: The novice skier took lessons to learn the basics before hitting the slopes. Nuance: a subtle difference or distinction, shade of meaning Example: The actor's performance was nuanced, conveying a range of emotions through subtle gestures and expressions. Obfuscate: to make something unclear or difficult to understand, confuse Example: The politician obfuscated the truth, making it difficult for the public to know what was really going on. Oblivious: unaware or unconcerned about what is happening around one, ignorant Example: The distracted driver was oblivious to the pedestrians crossing the street. Obtuse: slow to understand or perceive, dull-witted Example: The student's obtuse response to the question revealed a lack of understanding of the material. Omnipotent: having unlimited power or authority, all-powerful Example: The deity in the myth was described as an omnipotent force that controlled the universe. Onerous: involving a great deal of effort or difficulty, burdensome Example: The onerous task of writing a thesis required months of research and writing. Opaque: not able to be seen through, not transparent, unclear Example: The fog was so opaque that it was difficult to see more than a few feet ahead. Opulent: ostentatiously rich and luxurious, lavish Example: The opulent palace was decorated with gold and precious stones, showcasing the wealth and power of its owners. Orthodox: conforming to traditional or established beliefs or practices, conventional Example: The Orthodox Church adheres to traditional practices and beliefs that have been passed down through generations. Ostensible: stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so, supposed Example: The ostensible reason for the company's layoffs was budget cuts, but many suspected there was more to the story. Panacea: a solution or remedy for all problems, cure-all Example: The politician promised that his plan would be a panacea for the country's economic woes. Paradoxical: seemingly contradictory but nonetheless true, ironic Example: The paradoxical statement "less is more" suggests that simplicity can be more effective than complexity. Pariah: a social outcast, someone who is rejected or despised by society, exile Example: The artist was considered a pariah by the art establishment, who dismissed her work as unconventional and unappealing. Pensive: engaged in deep or serious thought, contemplative Example: The pensive expression on the philosopher's face suggested that he was grappling with complex ideas. Perfunctory: done without care or interest, cursory Example: The employee's perfunctory response to the customer's complaint only made the situation worse. Perspicacious: having a keen insight or understanding, perceptive Example: The perspicacious detective was able to solve the case by noticing a small detail that others had overlooked. Petulant: childishly sulky or bad-tempered, moody Example: The petulant teenager slammed the door and shouted at his parents when they told him he couldn't go out with his friends. Philistine: a person who is indifferent to culture and the arts, uncultured Example: The businessman was often criticized for his philistine attitude towards the arts, dismissing them as frivolous and unimportant. Pious: devoutly religious, righteous Example: The pious nun devoted her life to prayer and service to her community. Plausible: seeming reasonable or probable, believable Example: The scientist presented a plausible theory that explained the unusual phenomena observed in the experiment. Pompous: self-important, arrogant, grandiose Example: The professor's pompous tone and pretentious language made it difficult for his students to engage with his lectures. Precarious: not securely held or in position, dangerously unstable, uncertain Example: The construction worker was in a precarious position, balancing on a narrow ledge high above the ground. Precipitous: dangerously high or steep, sudden and dramatic, abrupt Example: The hiker had to be careful not to slip on the precipitous slope, which dropped sharply down to the valley below. Pristine: in its original condition, unspoiled, immaculate Example: The beach was pristine, with crystal-clear water and pure white sand. Proclivity: a tendency to choose or do something regularly, inclination Example: The artist had a proclivity for bold colors and abstract forms in her work. Prodigal: wastefully extravagant, recklessly spending money, lavish Example: The prodigal son spent all his inheritance on frivolous luxuries, leaving him destitute and alone. Profuse: abundant, lavish, excessive Example: The chef garnished the dish with profuse amounts of herbs and spices, giving it a rich and complex flavor. Prolific: producing many works, products, or offspring, fruitful Example: The author was a prolific writer, publishing dozens of books and articles over the course of her career. Propitious: indicating a good chance of success, favorable Example: The propitious weather conditions were perfect for a successful harvest. Pungent: having a sharp, strong smell or taste, spicy Example: The pungent aroma of garlic and onions filled the kitchen as the chef prepared the dish. Quaint: charmingly old-fashioned, picturesque Example: The small town's quaint architecture and cobblestone streets made it a popular tourist destination. Quandary: a state of uncertainty or confusion, dilemma Example: The CEO was in a quandary about whether to invest in new technology or stick with the tried and true methods. Quell: to put an end to, suppress, calm Example: The police were able to quell the riot using tear gas and forceful measures. Querulous: complaining in a whiny or petulant manner, grumbling Example: The querulous child wouldn't stop complaining about the lack of toys in the waiting room. Quixotic: idealistic but impractical, unrealistic Example: The politician's quixotic promises of world peace were met with skepticism by the public. Rancorous: bitter, resentful, hostile Example: The rancorous feud between the two families lasted for generations, with neither side willing to back down. Rapacious: aggressively greedy, grasping, insatiable Example: The rapacious businessman cared only about making money, with little regard for the well-being of his employees. Rapturous: ecstatic, blissful, overjoyed Example: The audience gave a rapturous standing ovation to the talented young musician. Rectify: to make something right, correct, amend Example: The manager promised to rectify the mistake and make things right with the dissatisfied customer. Redolent: evocative, suggestive, reminiscent Example: The redolent scent of pine trees and wood smoke reminded the traveler of his childhood in the countryside. Redoubtable: formidable, intimidating, impressive Example: The redoubtable boxer had never been defeated in the ring, earning him a reputation as one of the greatest fighters of all time. Refute: to prove to be false, deny, disprove Example: The scientist was able to refute the popular theory with evidence from his experiments. Regale: to entertain or amuse someone with stories or events, entertain Example: The host regaled her guests with anecdotes from her travels around the world. Relegate: to consign to an inferior or less important position, demote Example: The employee was relegated to a lower position after failing to meet the company's performance standards. Relinquish: to give up or let go of something, surrender Example: The athlete was forced to relinquish his title after failing a drug test. Remiss: negligent, careless, failing to fulfill one's duty Example: The teacher was remiss in not grading her students' assignments for weeks, causing them to fall behind in their studies. Repudiate: to reject or disown something or someone, renounce Example: The politician repudiated the controversial statements made by his campaign manager. Resilient: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions, tough Example: The people of the city showed their resilient spirit by rebuilding after the devastating earthquake. Resolute: determined, unwavering, firm in purpose Example: The young athlete was resolute in his goal of becoming an Olympic champion, training tirelessly every day. Resplendent: shining brightly, dazzling, radiant Example: The bride looked resplendent in her glittering wedding gown and diamond jewelry. Reticent: reserved, uncommunicative, reluctant to speak Example: The normally reticent student surprised everyone by giving an eloquent speech at the school assembly. Retrograde: moving backward, declining, regressing Example: The company's retrograde policies and outdated technology caused it to fall behind its competitors. Reverent: showing deep respect or admiration, worshipful Example: The congregation was reverent during the church service, bowing their heads in prayer and singing hymns. Rhetoric: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, language designed to impress or persuade Example: The politician's speech was full of empty rhetoric and promises, without any concrete plans for action. Ribald: vulgar, indecent, humorous in a rude way Example: The comedian's ribald jokes offended some of the more conservative members of the audience. Rife: widespread, common, prevalent Example: The city was rife with crime and corruption, making it a dangerous place to live. Sagacious: wise, insightful, shrewd Example: The sagacious old man had a wealth of knowledge and experience, making him a sought-after advisor. Salient: prominent, noticeable, conspicuous Example: The most salient feature of the skyline was the towering skyscraper in the center of the city. Sanguine: optimistic, confident, cheerful Example: Despite the setbacks, the team remained sanguine about their chances of winning the championship. Sardonic: mocking, sarcastic, cynical Example: The writer's sardonic wit and biting commentary made him a favorite among critics. Scrupulous: conscientious, careful, thorough Example: The lawyer was known for his scrupulous attention to detail, ensuring that no detail was overlooked in his cases. Seditious: inciting rebellion or resistance against the government or authority, subversive Example: The seditious speech made by the activist was met with condemnation by the authorities. Seminal: original, influential, groundbreaking Example: The scientist's seminal research laid the foundation for the field of genetics. Serendipitous: occurring by chance, lucky, fortuitous Example: The discovery of the new planet was a serendipitous occurrence, as the astronomer was not even looking for it. Squalid: dirty, sordid, squalid Example: The homeless people lived in squalid conditions, with no access to basic sanitation or clean water. Staid: sedate, dignified, serious Example: The professor's staid demeanor and formal attire gave him an air of authority in the classroom. Stolid: unemotional, impassive, showing little emotion Example: The detective's stolid expression gave nothing away, even as he uncovered the shocking truth about the crime. Sublime: impressive, awe-inspiring, magnificent Example: The view from the mountaintop was sublime, with the sun setting over the horizon and the valleys stretching out below. Succinct: brief, concise, to the point Example: The journalist's succinct article covered all the key points of the story in just a few paragraphs. Supercilious: arrogant, haughty, condescending Example: The supercilious millionaire looked down on anyone who was not as wealthy or successful as he was. Supine: lying on one's back, inactive, passive Example: The patient remained supine in the hospital bed, recovering from the surgery. Sycophantic: fawning, obsequious, overly flattering Example: The sycophantic employee constantly praised the boss in an attempt to gain favor. Syncretic: blending different cultures or beliefs, eclectic Example: The syncretic music of the region combined traditional African and European styles, creating a unique sound. Taciturn: quiet, reserved, uncommunicative Example: The taciturn artist preferred to let his work speak for itself, rather than giving interviews or explaining his art. Tantamount: equivalent, equal in value or effect Example: The CEO's decision to cut costs was tantamount to laying off half the company's employees. Tenuous: weak, fragile, thin, uncertain Example: The relationship between the two countries was tenuous, with a history of conflict and distrust. Terse: brief, concise, curt Example: The manager's terse email gave clear instructions but left no room for discussion. Timorous: timid, fearful, shy Example: The timorous child clung to her mother's leg, afraid to speak to the strangers in the room. Torpid: sluggish, inactive, lethargic Example: The torpid sloth spent most of its day sleeping in the trees, moving only when necessary to find food. Trite: overused, lacking originality or freshness, cliché Example: The writer's trite use of common expressions made her work seem unoriginal and uninspired. Truculent: aggressively defiant, belligerent, hostile Example: The truculent customer shouted and threatened the salesperson when he didn't get the refund he wanted. Ubiquitous: present everywhere, widespread Example: In today's world, smartphones have become ubiquitous, with nearly everyone owning one. Unctuous: excessively flattering or insincere, oily, smug Example: The politician's unctuous behavior made many people suspicious of his motives. Vacuous: lacking intelligence, empty, vapid Example: The vacuous celebrity seemed to have no opinions of her own and was famous for being famous. Vehement: passionate, intense, forceful Example: The actor gave a vehement performance, pouring all his energy into the role. Venal: corrupt, bribable, morally compromised Example: The venal police officer was caught accepting bribes from drug dealers. Verbose: wordy, long-winded, using too many words Example: The lawyer's verbose arguments made it difficult to follow her train of thought. Vexatious: annoying, frustrating, causing irritation Example: The neighbor's vexatious habit of playing loud music late at night kept the whole building awake. Vicarious: experienced through someone else, indirect Example: The traveler lived vicariously through the stories of his friends who had visited exotic places. Visceral: instinctive, emotional, deeply felt Example: The visceral reaction to the tragic news showed how much the community cared for the victim. Vitriolic: bitter, caustic, harsh Example: The politician's vitriolic speech attacking his opponent did more harm to his own reputation than to his opponent's. Vivacious: lively, energetic, high-spirited Example: The vivacious host of the party kept the guests entertained and engaged throughout the night. Wanton: malicious, cruel, reckless Example: The wanton destruction of the natural environment by the mining company was a tragedy for the local community. Whimsical: playful, fanciful, quirky Example: The whimsical artist's sculptures were always fun and surprising, incorporating unexpected elements. Wistful: longing, yearning, sad Example: The wistful expression on the old man's face suggested that he was lost in memories of a time long past. Zealous: enthusiastic, passionate, dedicated Example: The zealous young activist devoted all his time and energy to fighting for environmental justice. Zeitgeist: the spirit of the times, cultural or intellectual climate of a particular era Example: The music of the 1960s was deeply influenced by the zeitgeist of the era, with songs reflecting the social and political upheavals of the time. Zenith: the highest point, culmination, apex Example: The athlete's performance at the Olympics was the zenith of his career, the result of years of hard work and dedication. Zephyr: a gentle breeze, soft wind Example: The zephyr blowing through the open window brought the scent of flowers and the promise of spring. Zoetic: pertaining to life, living, vital Example: The zoetic energy of the dance performance filled the audience with a sense of joy and vitality. Zestful: full of energy, enthusiasm, or excitement Example: The zestful crowd cheered as the football team scored the winning touchdown. Abstemious: moderate in appetite, self-disciplined, not indulgent Example: The abstemious eater avoided desserts and fatty foods in order to maintain a healthy diet. Acerbic: sharp or biting in tone or taste, caustic, sarcastic Example: The acerbic critic's review of the movie was scathing, highlighting all its flaws and weaknesses. Adroit: skillful, clever, dexterous Example: The adroit pianist played the difficult piece with ease, leaving the audience spellbound. Aesthetic: relating to beauty or the appreciation of beauty, artistic Example: The designer's aesthetic sense was evident in the elegant simplicity of the dress. Altruistic: unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others, charitable Example: The altruistic volunteer spent her weekends helping the homeless in the city. Amiable: friendly, affable, good-natured Example: The amiable waiter greeted the customers with a smile and made them feel welcome. Anachronistic: belonging to a different time period, outdated, old-fashioned Example: The use of horse-drawn carriages in the modern city seemed anachronistic and out of place. Antithesis: the direct opposite, contrast, contradiction Example: The antithesis of love is hate, and the antithesis of good is evil. Aphorism: a short, pithy statement expressing a truth or general observation, maxim Example: "All that glitters is not gold" is an aphorism that cautions against judging things by their appearance alone. Apotheosis: the highest point in the development of something, pinnacle, culmination Example: The novel is considered the apotheosis of the author's literary career, representing the height of his creativity. Archaic: ancient, outmoded, no longer in use Example: The use of quill pens is archaic, having been replaced by modern writing implements. Arcane: mysterious, obscure, secret Example: The arcane rituals of the ancient tribe were shrouded in mystery and secrecy. Ascetic: practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline, austere Example: The ascetic monk lived a life of poverty and self-denial in order to achieve spiritual enlightenment. Asinine: foolish, silly, stupid Example: The asinine comment made by the politician caused an uproar and damaged his reputation. Assiduous: diligent, hardworking, persistent Example: The assiduous student spent long hours in the library, studying for her exams. Astringent: harsh, severe, strict Example: The astringent discipline imposed by the coach helped the team achieve their best performance. Atavistic: relating to or exhibiting characteristics of an ancestral type, primitive, regressive Example: The atavistic behavior of the wild animal was a reminder of its ancient origins. Augment: to make larger, increase, add to Example: The company plans to augment its workforce in order to meet the increasing demand for its products. Auspicious: favorable, promising, fortunate Example: The auspicious start of the new year was marked by good weather and a sense of optimism. Avaricious: greedy, covetous, materialistic Example: The avaricious businessman was always looking for ways to increase his wealth, often at the expense of others. Avuncular: kind, friendly, like an uncle Example: The avuncular professor was always available to offer advice and guidance to his students. Bellicose: aggressive, warlike, belligerent Example: The bellicose nation threatened to use military force to resolve the territorial dispute. Benign: gentle, kindly, favorable, not harmful Example: The benign tumor was unlikely to cause any serious health problems. Bibliophile: a lover of books, book collector Example: The bibliophile spent most of his free time browsing in bookstores and adding to his collection. Bombastic: grandiose, pompous, pretentious Example: The politician's bombastic speech was full of grandiose promises but lacked substance. Boorish: rude, insensitive, uncivilized Example: The boorish behavior of the party guest was a source of embarrassment to his hosts. Bucolic: relating to the countryside, rustic, pastoral Example: The bucolic scenery of the countryside was a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of the city. Cacophony: harsh, unpleasant sounds, discordant noise Example: The cacophony of car horns and sirens made it difficult to concentrate in the busy city. Callow: immature, inexperienced, naive Example: The callow youth was unprepared for the challenges of adult life.

Sentence combination, combining sentences, combining sentences for better writing Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Combining / Joining Sentences Exercise-5.1

comprehensive approach for learing english, english learing blog, all topics for learning english, english blog, preparation for english examinations English for All Examinations- All Topics with Lessons , Exercises and Practices Fakhruddin Babar Jun 24 Most Important Final English Suggestion for HSC 2027 /এইচএসসি ২০২৭-এর জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চূড়ান্ত ইংরেজি সাজেশন / English 1st and 2nd Papers Suggestion for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 2 Most Important Final English Suggestion for SSC 2027 /এসএসসি ২০২৭-এর জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চূড়ান্ত ইংরেজি সাজেশন Fakhruddin Babar Mar 28 University Admission Test English - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List / University Admission Test English- All Universities Questions with Answer- English Questions of All Universities' Fakhruddin Babar Dec 22, 2024 Cambridge IELTS 21 Speaking Test - 4with Answer / Cambridge Book-21 Speaking Test -4 / IELTS Speaking- Cambridge Book-21 Test 4 Questions with Answers / IELTS Speaking - Cambridge Book's Answer Fakhruddin Babar 1 day ago Cambridge IELTS 21 Speaking Test - 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২০২৭) / SSC Examination Routine for All Boards /এসএসসি - ২০২৭ পরীক্ষার রুটিন Fakhruddin Babar 6 days ago HSC 2026 All Boards- English First Paper Question with Answer / HSC English 1st Paper All Board Questions-2026 / All Boards- HSC 2026 English 1st Paper Question Set-02 Fakhruddin Babar Aug 23 HSC 2026 All Boards- English Second Paper Question with Answer / HSC English 2nd Paper All Board Questions-2026 / All Boards- HSC 2026 English 2nd Paper Question Set-02 Fakhruddin Babar Aug 23 SSC 2026 Barishal Board English Second Paper Question with Answer / SSC English 2nd Paper Board Questions-2026 / Barishal Board- 2026 English 2nd Paper Question / বরিশাল বোর্ড – ২০২৬ ইংরেজি দ্বিতীয় Fakhruddin Babar Jun 20 Gap Filling - Preposition, Article, Parts of Speech (Eng 2nd Q.1 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Preposition, Article, Sentences for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Gap Filling Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Substitution Table (Eng 2nd Q.2 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Matching Sentences for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Substitution Table Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Right Form of Verb (Eng 2nd Q.3 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Right Form of Verb for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Right Form of Verb Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Transformation (Eng 2nd Q.4 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Changing Sentences for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Transformation Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Tag Question (Eng 2nd Q.5 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Tag Question for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Tag Question Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Suffixes and Prefixes (Eng 2nd Q.6 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Suffixes and Prefixes for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Suffix and Prefix Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Preposition (Eng 2nd Q.7 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Preposition for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Preposition Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Punctuation (Eng 2nd Q.9 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Punctuation for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Punctuation Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Connectors (Eng 2nd Q.8 ) Suggestion for SSC 2027 / Linking Words for SSC Exam 2027 / Most Important Sentence Connectors Practice for SSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Preposition, Article, Parts of Speech All Board Questions- 2026 / With clues for SSC Examination / English 2nd Paper With Clues- Preposition, Article, Parts of Speech 2026 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Substitution Table / Matching SSC -2026 / English 2nd Paper Matching / Substitution Table for SSC Examination / Substitution Table All Board Questions SSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Right form of verbs for SSC Examination Worksheet 4.0 (2026 Board Questions with Answers) / Right form of verbs from SSC 2026 / Most Important Right form of Verbs for Examination Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Transformation / Changing sentence for SSC Examination 4.0 All Board Questions 2026 with Answer / Transformation of SSC Examination 2026 / Transformation SSC Examination 2026 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 19 Tag Question Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - 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Prepositon, Article. Parts of Speech SSC English 2nd paper Preposition, Article ,Parts of Speech (Question-1 & 2 for English 2nd Paper SSC examination) Preposition, Article, Parts of Speech Worksheet-4.1 Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. 1. the—–for—–on—–communication—–an—–of—–e-mail—–by—–a—–with Writing letters is a part of our social activities. It is (a) —– form of communication, which plays a vital role in our practical life. (b) —– this time. (c) —– revolution has taken place in the field of (d) —– this like telephone, wireless, cellular phone, fax and most recently (e) —–, which are much faster means (f) —– communication. Letter writing is (g) —– kind of good art which is (h) —– important means (i) —– maintaining good relations (j) —– people, offices and business organizations. 2. the—–off—–of—–social—–an—–upon—–conscious—–between—–a—–with In (a) —– society all men are not equally well (b) —–. Some are rich and some are very poor. This is because of (c) —– unequal distribution of national wealth. Many are deprived (d) —– the basic needs of life. They must be provided (e) —– their dues. The rich always draw (f) —– line of contrast (g) —– themselves and (h) —– poor. Most of them look down (i) —– the poor. They should be (j) —– and then humanity should be improved. 3. the—–for—–of—–patience—–an—–to—–practical—–by—–a—–with Man has (a) —– unquenchable thirst (b) —– knowledge. He is never satisfied (c) —– what he has known and seen. For this, he set out (d) —– travelling. But it needs (e) —– lot of money and (f) —–. (g) —– people of developed countries are fit (h) —– it. So they are capable (i) —– earning (j) – knowledge. 4. the—–for—–dust—–in—–an—–by—–commitments—–of—–a—–with Although (a) —– city life has many advantages, a city dweller sometimes gets tired (b) —– it. He cannot attend (c) —– office and other places (d) —– time because (e) —– traffic jam. (f) —– air in the city is polluted (g) —– smoke and (h) —–. besides, he is always busy (i) —– a lot of (j) —–. 5. the —– with —– for —– weep —– an —– to —– condition —– out —– a —– by Hazrat Omar (R.) was a kind and just ruler. He ensured (a) —– security of even (b) —– small creature of his kingdom. He dedicated his life (c) —– Islam and humanity. He used to come (d) —– at night and observed the actual (e) —– of his people. One night while walking (f) —– the hut of a widow he heard (g) —– crying of some children. He went nearer and saw that some children were crying for food. Their poor mother was boiling water and (h) —–. Omar’s (R.) heart filled (i) —– pity. What he did then may be (j) —– excellent example for the present rulers of all over the world. 6.the—for—of—competitive—an—to—deny—by—a—with Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) — facing (c) — challenge of competition. As (d) — student you have to fully concentrate on your study. You can’t remain callous (e) — your study. If the students of (f) — country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate (h) — your loss of losing time. There is no (i) — that hard work contributes (j) — make a good result. 7. the—for—against—in—an—to—power—by—a—with Studies and politics cannot go together. It is (a) — unfortunate matter that money and (b) — attract (c) — students if they are involved (d) — politics. Once politics was associated (e) — social services. A political worker was (f) — social reformer. Students were in (g) — forefront (h) — unifying the people of the country and fighting (i) — the enemies. At present some of the students are exploited (j) — the political parties as their tools and violence. 8. the—between—on—indelible—an—to—potential—up—a—with Every woman is a (a) — mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (b) — educated mother plays an important role. So (c) — difference (d) — the educated and (e) — uneducated mother can never be denied. An educated mother can bring a child (f) — better than an illiterate mother. A good wife means an educated woman. She is the best friend (g) — her husband. Her words will go (h) — long way to leave an (i) — impression (j) — her husband’s mind. 9.domination –gain- hesitate- right- want-under- a- by –from- rather Man is born free. He does not (a) — to be exploited. If he is (b) — chained, he begins to struggle to make him free (c) — exploitation. Similarly if (d) — nation is ruled by a foreign (e) — and is deprived of the (f) —, it begins to protest. Even it does not (g) — to sacrifice the lives of the people. Once the Bengalese were ruled (h) — Pakistani rulers. But they could not tolerate it. (i) — they struggled against the Pakistani rulers and finally (j) — the victory. 10.worthy -hold –eradicate- still –regret-humble –lot- with- learn -our A teacher is often compared (a) — an architect of a nation. He is the light of (b) — and makes illiterate people (c) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter of (d) — that the teachers are not (e) — in due respect in (f) — society. Many teachers have to lead a (g) — life in need. (h) — they keep the candle education burning with a view to (i) — illiteracy and superstitions from the (j) — of a society. 11. modern—only—lonely—are—social—constant—advanced—in—a—happy—worthy—angel We feel lonely when we (a)  alone. (b)  angels or devils can live alone. We all need company and cooperation from others. We need (c)  help from each other. Hence we all need (d)  happy life, which can make good and (e)  citizens. But there are (f)  troubles (g)  our social life. Both in towns and in cities one of the causes of problems is unrest due to political crisis. Now people not (h)  feel anxiety in moving through the roads but are also killed by accidents. Education is a very vital things for (i)  people. But it is greatly hampered in both (j)  and other educational institutions. 12. on—colony—with—of—far—from—source— the—situate—a Heritage is what we inherit (a)  the past, live (b)  them in the present and then pass (c)  to your children or future generation. Our unique (d)  of life and inspiration is our cultural and natural heritage. (e)  Shat Gambuj Mosque in Bagerhat is such (f)  heritage. It (g)  at the outskirts of Bagerhat town not very (h)  from the dense forest (i)  the Sundarbans. Khalifatabad was a Muslim (j) . 13. time—inspire—by—fail—there—cover—ata—away—into—greatly—just There was (a)  king who lost his kingdom being defeated (b)  his enemies. He wished to regain his kingdom (c)  any cost. He made troops and made six attempts one after another to drive (d)  the enemies but he was defeated each time. He hid himself (e)  a cave. One day lying in (f)  cave, he saw a spider trying to climb up the roof of the cave. But it (g)  six times and succeeded by the seventh (h) . The king was (i)  inspired by this and fought enemies for the seventh time and was successful to (j)  his lost kingdom. 14. improve—not—mean—maintain—up—on—stop—easily—than—keep—depend—be—avoid Over eating (a)  taking more food (b)  one needs. We eat (c)  to overload our stomach but to (d)  a sound health. A sound health (e)  on eating habits to some extent. Over eating tells (f)  our health. By (g)  aware, the habit of over eating can be (h) . With a view to (i)  our body fit, we should (j)  taking too much food. 15. with—from—a—to—kill—to—the—in War is (a)  curse for human civilization. (b)  ancient time war was confined (c)  the warriors. But at present all people both civilian and military have to suffer (d)  curse of war. Nobody can escape (e)  the bombers of (f)  enemy. Rich cities, fields filled (g)  green corns and beautiful places are led (h)  ruins. Even (i)  innocent citizens have to die a tragic death. Men, women, boys, girls, all are brutally (j)  without any reason. Answer: 16. enjoy—for—on—beauty —an—to—pleasant—vigorous—a—with Morning walk is a good habit. It is beneficial (a) — health. It is (b) — as well. It exercises a good effect (c) — a man’s body and mind. The morning air refreshes his body and mind. It gives him (d) — opportunity to (e) — the beauties of nature too. In the morning nature looks fresh and (f) — When a man takes (g) — morning walk, he sees the superb beauty of the sunrise. After taking morning walk a man returns home (h) — a cheerful mind. He takes his breakfast with great relish and starts his work with a fresh and (i) — mind. In short, morning walk is so pleasant and good (j) — health. 17.dishonest—an—time—happiness—by—a—the—of—at Honesty is (a) — quality of speaking the truth. Honesty is (b) — great virtue. It is the road to peace and (c) —. The man who possesses it is blessed. He is respected (d) —all and hated by none. Even a (e) — man can not but respect him. (f) — honest man enjoys peace (g) — mind. Though he suffers (h) — times, he succeeds in (i) — long run and is happy. A dishonest man may succeed for the (j) — being. 18. forward—gratefulness—appreciation-or—the—for—natural—friendship—the—from Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgment and (b) — of help received (c) — others. In the society we can not do all things alone. Sometimes we need the help of others. We are inter-dependent in the society. A man may be in danger, (d) — in problem. It is a (e) — instinct in man to come (f) —, because of his fellow feeling, (g) — and kinship with help for the needy. To acknowledge and appreciate such help is (h) —. Gratefulness comes from (i) — depth of the heart and finds its manifestation in looks, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. 19. with—foundation—an—away—dignity—a—the—of—at The National Memorial is situated (a) — Saver. It is twenty kilometer (b) — from Dhaka. It is a symbol (c) — the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built (d) — concrete but actually it is made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall. It stands for (e) — achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright showing our honour and (f) — among the nations of the world. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to (g) — height of 150 feet. The (h) — was laid on the first anniversary of (i) — Victory Day. There is a plan to build a large complex consisting (j) — a mosque. 20. the—undo—in—after—contests—fight—upon—into—about—of The Olympic Games were named (a) — the town of Olympia in Greece. It was (b) — Olympia that (c) — games were first held long before the Christian era began. In those days Greece was divided (d) — many cities and men of different cities used to (e) — one another most of the time. A man named Iphitos became concerned (f) — such unnecessary strifes. He hit (g) — a plan. He invited the best athlets from the nearby cities to the valley of Olympia to take part in athletic (h) —. His plan worked well. For a time the Greek warriors in stead (i) — fighting their neighbours, tried to (j) — their rivals in friendly games and sports. 21. the—for—of—social—an—to—habit—by—a—with Discipline is the most valuable and powerful element for success in life. It implies obedience to (a) — set of rules (b) — an orderly life in society. It is a mode (c) — leading life in accordance (d) — rules. Man is a (e) — being. In (f) — society he cannot do whatever he likes. He has to abide (g) _ some rules. It is not (h) — inborn virtue. It should be acquired by (i) — practice of (j) —. 22. the—for—of—competitive—an—to—deny—by—a—with Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) — facing (c) — challenge of competition. As (d) — student you have to fully concentrate on your study. You can’t remain callous (e) — your study. If the students of (f) — country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate (h) — your loss of losing time. There is no (i) — that hard work contributes (j) — make a good result. 23. the—for—against—in—an—to—power—by—a—with Studies and politics cannot go together. It is (a) — unfortunate matter that money and (b) — attract (c) — students if they are involved (d) — politics. Once politics was associated (e) — social services. A political worker was (f) — social reformer. Students were in (g) — forefront (h) — unifying the people of the country and fighting (i) — the enemies. At present some of the students are exploited (j) — the political parties as their tools and violence. 24. the—between—on—indelible—an—to—potential—up—a—with Every woman is a (a) — mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (b) — educated mother plays an important role. So (c) — difference (d) — the educated and (e) — uneducated mother can never be denied. An educated mother can bring a child (f) — better than an illiterate mother. A good wife means an educated woman. She is the best friend (g) — her husband. Her words will go (h) — long way to leave an (i) — impression (j) — her husbands mind. 25. the—for—on—communication— an—of—e-mail—by—a—with Writing letters is a part of our social activities. It is (a) _ form of communication, which plays a vital role in our practical life. (b) _ this time, (c) __ revolution has taken place in the field of (d) _ like telephone, wireless, cellular phone, fax and most recently (e) _ which are much faster means (f) _ communication. Letter writing is (g) _ kind of good art which is (h) _ important means (i) _ maintaining good relations (j) _ people, offices and business organizations. 26. the — off — of — social — an — upon — conscious — between — a — with In (a)—society all men are not equally well (b)—. Some are rich and some are very poor. This is because of (c)—unequal distribution of national wealth. Many are deprived (d)—the basic needs of life. They must be provided (e)—their dues. The rich always draw (f)—line of contrast (g)—themselves and (h)—poor. Most of them look down (i)—the poor. They should be (j)—and then humanity should be improved. 27. the — for — of — patience — an — to — practical — by —a — with Man has (a)—unquenchable (অতৃপ্ত) thirst (b)—knowledge. He is never satisfied (c)—what he has known and seen. For this, he set out (d)—traveling. But it needs (e)—lot of money and (f)—. (g)—people of developed countries are fit (h)—it. So they are capable (i)—earning (j)—knowledge. 28. the — for — dust — in — an — by — commitments — of — a — with Although (a)—city life has many advantages, a city dweller sometimes gets tired (b)—it. He cannot attend (c)—office and other places (d)—time because (e)—traffic jam. (f)—air in the city is polluted (g)—smoke and (h)—. Besides, he is always busy (i)—a lot of (j)—. With Clues Worksheet-A (Preposition, Article and Parts of speech) 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: of- for- in- enquire- remember- show- a-the- about –freedom- forget -give –supreme- dying Our freedom fighters are (a) — real heroes of our country. We should (b) — them as they sacrificed their lives (c) — the greatest cause of the country. It is (d) — matter of great sorrow that most (e) — them are forgotten. Our young generation do not know about their (f) — sacrifice. Now many real (g) — fighters are living (h) — hardship. Some of them are also (i) — pathetically. We should (j) — about them and give them honour. fighters 2. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: in- the- preserve- a- grow –out- for –from- at Student should observe (a) — laws of health. They should rise (b) — the bed early (c) —the morning and go (d) — for (e) — walk. Besides these, they should take care to perform all these things which are useful for the (f) — of health. These are essential (g) — their physical and mental (h) —. They should also follow (i) — rules of health because health is (j) — root of all 3. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: disaster -caused –after- famine- without- to- necessary-nature -out –by- heavy- the- untold -up Natural calamity means natural (a) — which is (b) — by nature. Every year Bangladesh falls victim (c) — various natural calamities. They are flood, earthquakes and many other natural calamities. The effects of (d) — natural calamities beggar description. The people are affected and animals suffer (e) — sufferings. They cause (f) — damage to our life and properties. Thousands of people and other animals remain (g) —food for many days. The (h) — effects are very serious. Many people die for want of food. (i) — breaks out. The prices of all necessary things go (j) —. calamity 4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: prepare- be -achieve -satisfy –require- result–inspire –curiosity- unquenchable- invent –and- he Man has an (a) — thirst for knowledge. He (b) — with what he has known (c) — seen. (d) — wants to know and see more and more. This (e) — to know more (f) — him to undertake and carry out hard and dangerous tasks which eventually (g) __ in epoch-making discoveries and (h) — . In the fields of science and technology, man in the meantime (i) — what was once inconceivable. Man has already landed on the moon and (j) — for a journey to Mars. 5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: forward –gratefulness- or- appreciation -the–for natural –the- friendship -from Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgement and (b) — of help received (c) — others. In the society we cannot do all things alone. Sometimes we need help of others. We are inter-dependent in the society. A man may be in danger (d) — in problem. It is a (e) — instinct in man to come (f) —, because of his fellow feeling, (g) — and kinship with help for the needy. To acknowledge and appreciate such help is (h) —. Gratefulness comes from (i) — depth of the heart and finds its manifestation in looks, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. acknowledgement 6. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: world- frustrate- with- about –happy- a- the- by -in It is (a) — fact that complete (b) — does not exist in (c) — life. (d) — man mayn’t have all things that he needs (e) — life. It is better not to seek complete happiness. Rather one should be satisfied (f) — what one gets. It is (g) —key factor to happiness. One should not think (h) — what he has, what he does not have because (i) — doing so a man becomes (j) — and depressed. There are some people who think that it is money that brings happiness. 7. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a- lose –matched- in- continuous- both- the -enjoyment Without effort there can be no progress (a) — life. Life (b) — its interest if there is no struggle. Games become dull if there is no competition (c) — them and if (d) — result can be easily foreseen. No matter we win (e) — game or lose it. The keener the contest the greater the (f) —. A victory is not (g) — real triumph unless (h) — the sides are equally (i) —. Whether we like it or not life is a (j) — competitive examination. 8. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: from-instinct- fake –a- in- dignity –remember- meeting- our Patriotism is a noble virtue. It is an inherent (a) — in human nature. It inspires (b) — man to shed every drop of blood to defend the liberty and (c) — of the country. But patriotism should not be merely a (d) — slogan in the public (e) — to deceive the people. It should be cherished in the (f) — of heart and materialized in our deeds. We should keep (g) — above (h) — the so- called patriotism. Everybody should bear (i) — mind that a pretender must be defeated. Nobody will (j) — or honour a mock patriot. 9. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: worthy -hold –eradicate- still –regret-humble –lot- with- learn -our A teacher is often compared (a) — an architect of a nation. He is the light of (b) — and makes illiterate people (c) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter of (d) — that the teachers are not (e) — in due respect in (f) — society. Many teachers have to lead a (g) — life in need. (h) — they keep the candle education burning with a view to (i) — illiteracy and superstitions from the (j) — of a society. 10. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: domination –gain- hesitate- right- want-under- a- by –from- rather Man is born free. He does not (a) — to be exploited. If he is (b) — chained, he begins to struggle to make him free (c) — exploitation. Similarly if (d) — nation is ruled by a foreign (e) — and is deprived of the (f) —, it begins to protest. Even it does not (g) — to sacrifice the lives of the people. Once the Bengalese were ruled (h) — Pakistani rulers. But they could not tolerate it. (i) — they struggled against the Pakistani rulers and finally (j) — the victory. 11. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a- to- for- by –prepare- work- in- the It is useful (a) — students to take part (b) — social service. (c) — taking part (d) — social service they can benefit themselves as well as (e) — nation. Student life is (f) — period of (g) — for future life. If the students do some social (h) —, they will be better prepared for giving service (i) — the nation on completion of their education. As the students have no family burden and as they get enough time during the large vacation, they can do (j) — great deal of work for the people. 12. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: constructive -in –write- his -difficult –of-which -exceptional –and-on –their- to Man is the supreme being (a) — all creatures. Man has courage by (b) — he can do anything destructive or (c) —. In (d) — mind there is the fascination of conquering anything (e) —. Hillary and Tenzing were not also an (f) — from it. They were not daunted by difficulties (g) — dangers. All the dangers were overcome by them to conquer the highest peak (h) — the world. For (i) —courage and hardship, their names have been (j) — in history. 13. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: around- likely –fuels- increase- undergo-produce-in -alarm –after- evidence In recent years there have been many (a) — reports that the world’s climate is (b) — a significant change. All these reports provide strong (c) — that world temperature is increasing day by day. This increase (d) — global warming is caused by (e) — amounts of carbon dioxide (f) — the earth. Most climatologists believe that the greenhouse effect is the (g) — cause of this global warming may (h) — human environment seriously. The main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, (i) — by the burning of fossil (j) — and forests. 14. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: competition- the- for- a- to- with- competitive-lose -on Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) —facing the challenge of (c) —. As a student you have to fully concentrate (d) — your study. You should be attentive (e) — your study. If the students of (f) —country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate for the loss of your (h) — time. In order to succeed in life everybody should make (i) — best use of his/her time and should work hard (j) — determination. 15. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: use –of- for- prevent -achieve-work- inform- do- invent- the One (a) — the greatest (b) — in the modern technology has been the (c) — of computer. They are already being (d) — in industries and universities and time may come when it will be possible (e) — ordinary people to afford them as well. As computers are capable of (f) — extremely difficult (g) —. They can solve (h) — most complicated mathematical problems. They can provide (i) — on the best way of (j) — traffic accidents. greatest 16. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: from- desire- exercise- at- the- up- to -a Self-control is (a) — the root of all virtues. Let (b) — man give rein (c) — his impulses and passion and (d)— that moment he yields (e) — his moral freedom. He is carried along (f)— current of life and becomes (g) — slave of his strongest (h) — for the time being. To be morally free, to be more than an animal (i) — man must be able to resist instinctive impulse and this can only be done by the (j) — of self-control. 17. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: hinder –with- about- a –into- the- of -know Life is real, but much (a) — what (b) — man learns from books is theoretical. Bookish (c) —, unless supplemented by practical experience, is not a help, but is often a (d) —. Travelling furnishes one (e) — an opportunity for acquiring that experience. Pope, the poet sang that (f) — proper study of mankind is man. The traveler comes (g) — contact with various types of people, and if he moves about (h) — the observant eye, and keeps the doors and windows (i) — his mind open, he can acquire a lot of practical knowledge (j) — men and things of the world which books alone cannot provide. 18. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: founder -covering -outstanding -writings –contemporary-pioneered -remain -intellectual -regarded Aristotle’s (a) — range was vast, (b) — most of the sciences and many of the arts, including biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology, and zoology. He was the (c) — of formal logic, devising for it a finished system that for centuries was (d) — as the sum of the discipline; and he (e) — the study of zoology, both observational and theoretical, in which some of his work (f) — unsurpassed until the 19th century. But he is, of course, the most (g) — as a philosopher. His (h) — in ethics and political theory as well as in metaphysics and the philosophy of science continue to be studied, and his work (i) — a powerful current in (j) — philosophical debate. 19. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: feel- enchained- remains –democracy- declare-infringe -fundamental –deviated- born- demands Freedom of speech is a (a) — right of the people in a (b) — country. They are free to express their thoughts and (c) — their sentiments and grievances, their needs and (d) — as long as they do not (e) — upon the similar rights of the others. Centuries ago Rousseau said, ‘Man is (f) — free but everywhere he is in chains.’ This axiomatic (g) — of the great social scientist shows how (h) — man was. In a slightly (i) — reflection, the scenario (j) — almost the same yet today. 20. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: in- the- at -about –before- over- impoverish –premier- dearth- enough If you look wealthy or solvent (a) — to give a tip, there is no (b) — of trolley carriers at the emergency unit of the country’s (c) — public hospital. But you will be in trouble, if you are (d) — handcuffs or have an (e) — look written (f) — your face. When any patient carrying vehicle stops in front of any public hospital emergency unit, (g) — trolley men first glance (h) — the attires of the patient and his attendants to have an idea (i) — their financial status (j) — offering a trolley. 21. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a almost -colour -please -to -smile –red- the- look- with -always The world is like (a) — glass. If you smile, it (b) —, if you frown, it frowns back. If you look at it through a (c) — glass all seered, if through (d) — smoked one, all dull and dirty. (e) — try then to look at (f) — bright side of things. (g) — everything in the world has a bright side. Greet everyone (h) — a bright smile, kind words and a (i) — welcome. It is not enough (j) — love those who are near and dear to us. 22. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–on—–communication—–an—–of—–e-mail—–by—–a—–with Writing letters is a part of our social activities. It is (a) —– form of communication, which plays a vital role in our practical life. (b) —– this time. (c) —– the revolution has taken place in the field of (d) —– this like telephone, wireless, cellular phone, fax and most recently (e) —–, which are much faster means (f) —– communication. Letter writing is (g) —– kind of good art which is (h) —– important means (i) —– maintaining good relations (j) —– people, offices and business organizations. activities 23. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–off—–of—–social—–an—–upon—–conscious—–between—–a—–with In (a) —– society all men are not equally well (b) —–. Some are rich and some are very poor. This is because of (c) —– unequal distribution of national wealth. Many are deprived (d) —– the basic needs of life. They must be provided (e) —– their dues. The rich always draw (f) —– line of contrast (g) —– themselves and (h) —– poor. Most of them look down (i) —– the poor. They should be (j) —– and then humanity should be improved. 24. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–of—–patience (ধৈর্য)—–an—–to—–practical—–by—–a—–with Man has (a) —– unquenchable (অতৃপ্ত) thirst (b) —– knowledge. He is never satisfied (c) —– what he has known and seen. For this, he set out (d) —– travelling. But it needs (e) —– lot of money and (f) —–. (g) —– people of developed countries are fit (h) —– it. So they are capable (i) —– earning (j) – knowledge. 25. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–dust—–in—–an—–by—–commitments—–of—–a—–with Although (a) —– city life has many advantages, a city dweller sometimes gets tired (b) —– it. He cannot attend (c) —– office and other places (d) —– time because (e) —– traffic jam. (f) —– air in the city is polluted (g) —– smoke and (h) —–. besides, he is always busy (i) —– a lot of (j) —– 26. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the —– with —– for —– weep —– an —– to —– condition —– out —– a —– by Hazrat Omar (R.) was a kind and just ruler. He ensured (a) —– security of even (b) —– small creature of his kingdom. He dedicated his life (c) —– Islam and humanity. He used to come (d) —– at night and observed the actual (e) —– of his people. One night while walking (f) —– the hut of a widow he heard (g) —– crying of some children. He went nearer and saw that some children were crying for food. Their poor mother was boiling water and (h) —–. Omar’s (R.) heart filled (i) —– pity. What he did then may be (j) —– excellent example for the present rulers of all over the world. 27. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—of—social—an—to—habit—by—a—with set of rules (b) — an orderly life in society. It is a mode (c) — leading life in accordance (d) — rules. Man is a (e) — being. In (f) — society he cannot do whatever he likes. He has to abide (g) — some rules. It is not (h) — inborn virtue. It should be acquired by (i) — practice of (j) —. Discipline is the most valuable and powerful element for success in life. It implies obedience to (a) — orderly 28. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—of—competitive—an—to—deny—by—a—with Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) — facing (c) — challenge of competition. As (d) — student you have to fully concentrate on your study. You can’t remain callous (e) — your study. If the students of (f) — country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate (h) — your loss of losing time. There is no (i) — that hard work contributes (j) — make a good result. 29. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—against—in—an—to—power—by—a—with Studies and politics cannot go together. It is (a) — unfortunate matter that money and (b) — attract (c) — students if they are involved (d) — politics. Once politics was associated (e) — social services. A political worker was (f) — social reformer. Students were in (g) — forefront (h) — unifying the people of the country and fighting (i) — the enemies. At present some of the students are exploited (j) — the political parties as their tools and violence. 30. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—between—on—indelible—an—to—potential—up—a—with Every woman is a (a) — mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (b) — educated mother plays an important role. So (c) — difference (d) — the educated and (e) — uneducated mother can never be denied. An educated mother can bring a child (f) — better than an illiterate mother. A good wife means an educated woman. She is the best friend (g) — her husband. Her words will go (h) — long way to leave an (i) — impression (j) — her husband’s mind. 31. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: thereby –as- be- warmer- gradual -prediction-change- that -destroy -pollution -there -increasing The world is getting (a) — because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die as a result of (b) —. In the recent years (c) — have been alarming reports that the world’s climate (d) — undergoing a significant (e) —. All these reports provide strong evidence (f) __ world temperature is (g) __ day by day. Climatologists (h) — that midway through the next century temperatures may have risen as much (i) — 40C. This could raise sea levels and (j) — flood coastal areas and farmlands. 32. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: of -a -earn -at -peace-dislike- in- with –respect- Like We live (a) — society. So we must learn how to live in (b) — and amity (c) — others. We have to (d) — other’s rights and privileges and (e) — and (f) — as we expect others to respect us. We have (g) — lot of duties and responsibilities in society. Education should aim (h) — making each individual fully aware (i) — these duties and responsibilities. It is true that one has to learn how to (j) — his bread. With Clues Worksheet-A (Preposition, Article and Parts of speech) With ANSWER 1. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: of- for- in- enquire- remember- show- a-the- about –freedom- forget -give –supreme- dying Our freedom fighters are (a) — real heroes of our country. We should (b) — them as they sacrificed their lives (c) — the greatest cause of the country. It is (d) — matter of great sorrow that most (e) — them are forgotten. Our young generation do not know about their (f) — sacrifice. Now many real (g) — fighters are living (h) — hardship. Some of them are also (i) — pathetically. We should (j) — about them and give them honour. fighters Answer: (a) the; (b) remember/not forget; (c) for; (d) a; (e) of; (f) supreme; (g) freedom; (h) in; (i) dying; (j) enquire. 2. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: in- the- preserve- a- grow –out- for –from- at Student should observe (a) — laws of health. They should rise (b) — the bed early (c) —the morning and go (d) — for (e) — walk. Besides these, they should take care to perform all these things which are useful for the (f) — of health. These are essential (g) — their physical and mental (h) —. They should also follow (i) — rules of health because health is (j) — root of all Answer: (a) the; (b) from; (c) in; (d) out; (e) a; (f) preservation; (g) for; (h) growth; (i) the; (j) the. 3. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: disaster -caused –after- famine- without- to- necessary-nature -out –by- heavy- the- untold -up Natural calamity means natural (a) — which is (b) — by nature. Every year Bangladesh falls victim (c) — various natural calamities. They are flood, earthquakes and many other natural calamities. The effects of (d) — natural calamities beggar description. The people are affected and animals suffer (e) — sufferings. They cause (f) — damage to our life and properties. Thousands of people and other animals remain (g) —food for many days. The (h) — effects are very serious. Many people die for want of food. (i) — breaks out. The prices of all necessary things go (j) —. calamity Answer: (a) disaster; (b) caused; (c) to; (d) the; (e) untold; (f) heavy; (g) without; (h) after; (i) Famine; (j) up. 4. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: prepare- be -achieve -satisfy –require- result–inspire –curiosity- unquenchable- invent –and- he Man has an (a) — thirst for knowledge. He (b) — with what he has known (c) — seen. (d) — wants to know and see more and more. This (e) — to know more (f) — him to undertake and carry out hard and dangerous tasks which eventually (g) __ in epoch-making discoveries and (h) — . In the fields of science and technology, man in the meantime (i) — what was once inconceivable. Man has already landed on the moon and (j) — for a journey to Mars. Answer: (a) unquenchable; (b) is not satisfied; (c) and; (d) He; (e) curiosity; (f) inspires; (g) result; (h) inventions; (i) has achieved; (j) is preparing. 5. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: forward –gratefulness- or- appreciation -the–for natural –the- friendship -from Gratefulness is (a) — acknowledgement and (b) — of help received (c) — others. In the society we cannot do all things alone. Sometimes we need help of others. We are inter-dependent in the society. A man may be in danger (d) — in problem. It is a (e) — instinct in man to come (f) —, because of his fellow feeling, (g) — and kinship with help for the needy. To acknowledge and appreciate such help is (h) —. Gratefulness comes from (i) — depth of the heart and finds its manifestation in looks, words and deeds of the grateful man. The grateful man feels highly obliged (j) — the benefit he has received. acknowledgement Answer: (a) the; (b) appreciation; (c) from (d) or; (e) natural; (f) forward; (g) friendship; (h) gratefulness; (i) the; (j) for 6. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: world- frustrate- with- about –happy- a- the- by -in It is (a) — fact that complete (b) — does not exist in (c) — life. (d) — man mayn’t have all things that he needs (e) — life. It is better not to seek complete happiness. Rather one should be satisfied (f) — what one gets. It is (g) —key factor to happiness. One should not think (h) — what he has, what he does not have because (i) — doing so a man becomes (j) — and depressed. There are some people who think that it is money that brings happiness. Answer: (a) a; (b) happiness; (c) worldly; (d) A; (e) in; (f) with; (g) the; (h) about; (i) by (j) frustrated. 7. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a- lose –matched- in- continuous- both- the -enjoyment Without effort there can be no progress (a) — life. Life (b) — its interest if there is no struggle. Games become dull if there is no competition (c) — them and if (d) — result can be easily foreseen. No matter we win (e) — game or lose it. The keener the contest the greater the (f) —. A victory is not (g) — real triumph unless (h) — the sides are equally (i) —. Whether we like it or not life is a (j) — competitive examination. Answer: (a) in; (b) loses; (c) in; (d) the; (e) the; (f) enjoyment; (g) a; (h) both; (i) matched; (j) continuous. 8. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: from-instinct- fake –a- in- dignity –remember- meeting- our Patriotism is a noble virtue. It is an inherent (a) — in human nature. It inspires (b) — man to shed every drop of blood to defend the liberty and (c) — of the country. But patriotism should not be merely a (d) — slogan in the public (e) — to deceive the people. It should be cherished in the (f) — of heart and materialized in our deeds. We should keep (g) — above (h) — the so- called patriotism. Everybody should bear (i) — mind that a pretender must be defeated. Nobody will (j) — or honour a mock patriot. Answer: (a) instinct; (b) a; (c) dignity; (d) fake; (e) meeting; (f) core; (g) ourselves; (h) from; (i) in; (j) remember. 9. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: worthy -hold –eradicate- still –regret-humble –lot- with- learn -our A teacher is often compared (a) — an architect of a nation. He is the light of (b) — and makes illiterate people (c) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter of (d) — that the teachers are not (e) — in due respect in (f) — society. Many teachers have to lead a (g) — life in need. (h) — they keep the candle education burning with a view to (i) — illiteracy and superstitions from the (j) — of a society. Answer: (a) with; (b) learning; (c) worthy; (d) regret; (e) held; (f) our; (g) humble/ regretful; (h) Still; (i) eradicating; (j) lot. 10. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: domination –gain- hesitate- right- want-under- a- by –from- rather Man is born free. He does not (a) — to be exploited. If he is (b) — chained, he begins to struggle to make him free (c) — exploitation. Similarly if (d) — nation is ruled by a foreign (e) — and is deprived of the (f) —, it begins to protest. Even it does not (g) — to sacrifice the lives of the people. Once the Bengalese were ruled (h) — Pakistani rulers. But they could not tolerate it. (i) — they struggled against the Pakistani rulers and finally (j) — the victory. (a) want; (b) dominantly; (c) from; (d) a; (e) ruler; (f) rights; (g) hesitate; (h) by; (i) So; (j) gained. 11. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a- to- for- by –prepare- work- in- the It is useful (a) — students to take part (b) — social service. (c) — taking part (d) — social service they can benefit themselves as well as (e) — nation. Student life is (f) — period of (g) — for future life. If the students do some social (h) —, they will be better prepared for giving service (i) — the nation on completion of their education. As the students have no family burden and as they get enough time during the large vacation, they can do (j) — great deal of work for the people. Answer: (a) for; (b) in; (c) By; (d) in; (e) the; (f) the; (g) preparation; (h) work; (i) to; (j) a 12. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: constructive -in –write- his -difficult –of-which -exceptional –and-on –their- to Man is the supreme being (a) — all creatures. Man has courage by (b) — he can do anything destructive or (c) —. In (d) — mind there is the fascination of conquering anything (e) —. Hillary and Tenzing were not also an (f) — from it. They were not daunted by difficulties (g) — dangers. All the dangers were overcome by them to conquer the highest peak (h) — the world. For (i) —courage and hardship, their names have been (j) — in history. Answer: (a) of; (b) which; (c) constructive; (d) his; (e) difficult; (f) exception; (g) and; (h) of; (i) their; (j) written. 13. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: around- likely –fuels- increase- undergo-produce-in -alarm –after- evidence In recent years there have been many (a) — reports that the world’s climate is (b) — a significant change. All these reports provide strong (c) — that world temperature is increasing day by day. This increase (d) — global warming is caused by (e) — amounts of carbon dioxide (f) — the earth. Most climatologists believe that the greenhouse effect is the (g) — cause of this global warming may (h) — human environment seriously. The main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, (i) — by the burning of fossil (j) — and forests. Answer: (a) alarming; (b) undergoing; (c) evidence; (d) in; (e) increased; (f) around; (g) likely; (h) affect; (i) produced (j) fuels. 14. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: competition- the- for- a- to- with- competitive-lose -on Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) —facing the challenge of (c) —. As a student you have to fully concentrate (d) — your study. You should be attentive (e) — your study. If the students of (f) —country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate for the loss of your (h) — time. In order to succeed in life everybody should make (i) — best use of his/her time and should work hard (j) — determination. Answer: (a) competitive; (b) for; (c) competition; (d) on; (e) to; (f) a; (g) the; (h) lost (i) the; (j) with. 15. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: use –of- for- prevent -achieve-work- inform- do- invent- the One (a) — the greatest (b) — in the modern technology has been the (c) — of computer. They are already being (d) — in industries and universities and time may come when it will be possible (e) — ordinary people to afford them as well. As computers are capable of (f) — extremely difficult (g) —. They can solve (h) — most complicated mathematical problems. They can provide (i) — on the best way of (j) — traffic accidents. greatest Answer: (a) of; (b) inventions/achievements; (c) invention; (d) used; (e) for; (f) doing; (g) work; (h) the; (i) information; (j) preventing. 16. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: from- desire- exercise- at- the- up- to -a Self-control is (a) — the root of all virtues. Let (b) — man give rein (c) — his impulses and passion and (d)— that moment he yields (e) — his moral freedom. He is carried along (f)— current of life and becomes (g) — slave of his strongest (h) — for the time being. To be morally free, to be more than an animal (i) — man must be able to resist instinctive impulse and this can only be done by the (j) — of self-control. Answer: (a) the; (b) a; (c) to; (d) from; (e) up; (f) the; (g) the/a; (h) desire; (i) a;(j) exercise. 17. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: hinder –with- about- a –into- the- of -know Life is real, but much (a) — what (b) — man learns from books is theoretical. Bookish (c) —, unless supplemented by practical experience, is not a help, but is often a (d) —. Travelling furnishes one (e) — an opportunity for acquiring that experience. Pope, the poet sang that (f) — proper study of mankind is man. The traveler comes (g) — contact with various types of people, and if he moves about (h) — the observant eye, and keeps the doors and windows (i) — his mind open, he can acquire a lot of practical knowledge (j) — men and things of the world which books alone cannot provide. Answer: (a) of (b) a (c) knowledge (d) hindrance (e) with (f) the (g) into (h) with (i) of (j) about. 18. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: founder -covering -outstanding -writings –contemporary-pioneered -remain -intellectual -regarded Aristotle’s (a) — range was vast, (b) — most of the sciences and many of the arts, including biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology, and zoology. He was the (c) — of formal logic, devising for it a finished system that for centuries was (d) — as the sum of the discipline; and he (e) — the study of zoology, both observational and theoretical, in which some of his work (f) — unsurpassed until the 19th century. But he is, of course, the most (g) — as a philosopher. His (h) — in ethics and political theory as well as in metaphysics and the philosophy of science continue to be studied, and his work (i) — a powerful current in (j) — philosophical debate. Answer: (a) intellectual (b) covering (c) founder (d) regarded (e) pioneered (f) remained (g) outstanding (h) writings (i) remained (j) contemporary. 19. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: feel- enchained- remains –democracy- declare-infringe -fundamental –deviated- born- demands Freedom of speech is a (a) — right of the people in a (b) — country. They are free to express their thoughts and (c) — their sentiments and grievances, their needs and (d) — as long as they do not (e) — upon the similar rights of the others. Centuries ago Rousseau said, ‘Man is (f) — free but everywhere he is in chains.’ This axiomatic (g) — of the great social scientist shows how (h) — man was. In a slightly (i) — reflection, the scenario (j) — almost the same yet today. Answer: (a) fundamental (b) democratic (c) feelings (d) demands (e) infringe (f) born (g) declaration (h) enchained (i) deviated (j) remains 20. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: in- the- at -about –before- over- impoverish –premier- dearth- enough If you look wealthy or solvent (a) — to give a tip, there is no (b) — of trolley carriers at the emergency unit of the country’s (c) — public hospital. But you will be in trouble, if you are (d) — handcuffs or have an (e) — look written (f) — your face. When any patient carrying vehicle stops in front of any public hospital emergency unit, (g) — trolley men first glance (h) — the attires of the patient and his attendants to have an idea (i) — their financial status (j) — offering a trolley. Answer: (a) enough (b) dearth (c) premier (d) in (e) impoverished (f) over (g) the (h) at (i) about (j) before. 21. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: a almost -colour -please -to -smile –red- the- look- with -always The world is like (a) — glass. If you smile, it (b) —, if you frown, it frowns back. If you look at it through a (c) — glass all seem red, if through (d) — smoked one, all dull and dirty. (e) — try then to look at (f) — bright side of things. (g) — everything in the world has a bright side. Greet everyone (h) — a bright smile, kind words and a (i) — welcome. It is not enough (j) — love those who are near and dear to us. Answer: (a) a (b) smiles (c) red (d) a (e) Always (f) the (g) Almost (h) with (i) pleasing (j) to. 22. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–on—–communication—–an—–of—–e-mail—–by—–a—–with Writing letters is a part of our social activities. It is (a) —– form of communication, which plays a vital role in our practical life. (b) —– this time. (c) —– the revolution has taken place in the field of (d) —– this like telephone, wireless, cellular phone, fax and most recently (e) —–, which are much faster means (f) —– communication. Letter writing is (g) —– kind of good art which is (h) —– important means (i) —– maintaining good relations (j) —– people, offices and business organizations. activities Answer: a) the b) By c) a d) communication e) e-mail f) of g) a h) an i) for j) with. 23. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–off—–of—–social—–an—–upon—–conscious—–between—–a—–with In (a) —– society all men are not equally well (b) —–. Some are rich and some are very poor. This is because of (c) —– unequal distribution of national wealth. Many are deprived (d) —– the basic needs of life. They must be provided (e) —– their dues. The rich always draw (f) —– line of contrast (g) —– themselves and (h) —– poor. Most of them look down (i) —– the poor. They should be (j) —– and then humanity should be improved. Answer: a) a, b) off, c) an, d) of, e) with, f) a, g) between, h) the, i) upon, j) conscious. 24. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–of—–patience (ধৈর্য)—–an—–to—–practical—–by—–a—–with Man has (a) —– unquenchable (অতৃপ্ত) thirst (b) —– knowledge. He is never satisfied (c) —– what he has known and seen. For this, he set out (d) —– travelling. But it needs (e) —– lot of money and (f) —–. (g) —– people of developed countries are fit (h) —– it. So they are capable (i) —– earning (j) – knowledge. Answer: a) an, b) for, c) with, d) for, e) a, f) patience, g) The, h) for, i) of, j) practical. 25. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—–for—–dust—–in—–an—–by—–commitments—–of—–a—–with Although (a) —– city life has many advantages, a city dweller sometimes gets tired (b) —– it. He cannot attend (c) —– office and other places (d) —– time because (e) —– traffic jam. (f) —– air in the city is polluted (g) —– smoke and (h) —–. besides, he is always busy (i) —– a lot of (j) —–. Answer: a) a, b) of, c) the, d) in e) of, f) The, g) by, h) dust, i) with, j) commitments. 26. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the —– with —– for —– weep —– an —– to —– condition —– out —– a —– by Hazrat Omar (R.) was a kind and just ruler. He ensured (a) —– security of even (b) —– small creature of his kingdom. He dedicated his life (c) —– Islam and humanity. He used to come (d) —– at night and observed the actual (e) —– of his people. One night while walking (f) —– the hut of a widow he heard (g) —– crying of some children. He went nearer and saw that some children were crying for food. Their poor mother was boiling water and (h) —–. Omar’s (R.) heart filled (i) —– pity. What he did then may be (j) —– excellent example for the present rulers of all over the world. Answer: a) the, b) a, c) for, d) out, e) condition, f) by, g) the, h) weeping, i) with, j) an. 27. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—of—social—an—to—habit—by—a—with set of rules (b) — an orderly life in society. It is a mode (c) — leading life in accordance (d) — rules. Man is a (e) — being. In (f) — society he cannot do whatever he likes. He has to abide (g) — some rules. It is not (h) — inborn virtue. It should be acquired by (i) — practice of (j) —. Discipline is the most valuable and powerful element for success in life. It implies obedience to (a) — orderly Answer: a) a, b) for, c) of, d) with, e) social, f) the, g) by, h) an, i) the,j) habit. 28. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—of—competitive—an—to—deny—by—a—with Present world is very (a) —. So you need to be competent (b) — facing (c) — challenge of competition. As (d) — student you have to fully concentrate on your study. You can’t remain callous (e) — your study. If the students of (f) — country don’t acquire true education, there will be no development for (g) — country. You must utilize your time. Nothing can compensate (h) — your loss of losing time. There is no (i) — that hard work contributes (j) — make a good result. a) competitive, b) for, c) the, d) a, e) to, f) a, g) the, h) for, i) denying, j) to. 29. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—for—against—in—an—to—power—by—a—with Studies and politics cannot go together. It is (a) — unfortunate matter that money and (b) — attract (c) — students if they are involved (d) — politics. Once politics was associated (e) — social services. A political worker was (f) — social reformer. Students were in (g) — forefront (h) — unifying the people of the country and fighting (i) — the enemies. At present some of the students are exploited (j) — the political parties as their tools and violence. Answer: a) an, b) power, c) the, d) in, e) with, f) a, g) the, h) for, i) against, j) by 30. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: the—between—on—indelible—an—to—potential—up—a—with Every woman is a (a) — mother. The future of a child depends on how it is brought up. In this case (b) — educated mother plays an important role. So (c) — difference (d) — the educated and (e) — uneducated mother can never be denied. An educated mother can bring a child (f) — better than an illiterate mother. A good wife means an educated woman. She is the best friend (g) — her husband. Her words will go (h) — long way to leave an (i) — impression (j) — her husband’s mind. Answer: a) potential, b) an, c) the, d) between, e) the, f) up, g) to, h) a, i) indelible, j) on. 31. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: thereby –as- be- warmer- gradual -prediction-change- that -destroy -pollution -there -increasing The world is getting (a) — because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die as a result of (b) —. In the recent years (c) — have been alarming reports that the world’s climate (d) — undergoing a significant (e) —. All these reports provide strong evidence (f) __ world temperature is (g) __ day by day. Climatologists (h) — that midway through the next century temperatures may have risen as much (i) — 40C. This could raise sea levels and (j) — flood coastal areas and farmlands. Answer: (a) warmer; (b) pollution; (c) there; (d) is; (e) change; (f) that; (g) increasing; (h) predict; (i) as; (j) thereby. 32. Fill in the blanks with the words from the list. You may need to change the forms of the words. You may need to use one word more than once. Clues: of -a -earn -at -peace-dislike- in- with –respect- Like We live (a) — society. So we must learn how to live in (b) — and amity (c) — others. We have to (d) — other’s rights and privileges and (e) — and (f) — as we expect others to respect us. We have (g) — lot of duties and responsibilities in society. Education should aim (h) — making each individual fully aware (i) — these duties and responsibilities. It is true that one has to learn how to (j) — his bread. Answer: (a) in; (b) peace; (c) with; (d) respect; (e) likings; (f) dislikings; (g) a; (h) at; (i) of; (j) earn Preposition, Article, Parts of Speech Worksheet-4.10 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Scientists have (a) — reported that the surface ice caps are (b) —. This is due to a rise (c) — atmospheric temperature known (d) — the greenhouse effect. According to the scientists, carbon dioxide is primarily responsible (e) — temperature rise in (f) —. The carbon dioxide is high (g) — coal and oil (h) — burnt. The gas is accumulating in the atmosphere and (i) — temperature to rise. As a result, the polar ice In the North and South poles ( j) — melting. 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words An early (a) — can enjoy (b) — fresh air and oxygen (c) — the morning which refreshes both his body and mind. Moreover, he can finish his work early and as such he finds enough time to (d) — his work properly. (e) — the other hand, too much sleep makes (f) — man dull and lazy. A man who gets up late, wastes a lot of time (g) — sleep and idleness. He does not utilize time (h) — doing his work properly. So, everyone should make (i) — habit of early (j) —. 3. Fill in the blanks with suitable words A man of (a) — is respected always (b) — after his death for his (c) —. He is an (d)— person who devotes himself with a view to (e) — education in the society. He always (f) — people how to (g)— between right and wrong. (h) — fact, he is the authentic person (i) — world should (j)—. 4. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Robert Bruce was a famous king of Scotland. England was a great (a)---- of his kingdom. So was driven (b) — from his kingdom by the English. For this, he had to fight against (c) - English for the defence of his country and (d) — men. But he was (e)--- unfortunate fellow. He fought (f) — his kingdom several times but every time he was defeated. So, he was (g) —despair. One day while (h) — in a lonely cave, an incident drew his attention. He saw that a spider was trying to reach its target. Six times it tried and every time it failed. But it did not give (i) — its hope and finally at the seventh time, it was successful (j)— its attempt. 5. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Truthfulness means the (a) of speaking (b) — truth. Truthfulness is (c) of the greatest virtues in manes life. The true (d) — and prosperity of man entirely depends (e) — it. It ennobles ones character (f) — gives one a high position in society. It may not make one rich (g) — brings peace of mind. All religions teach us to be (h) —. By dint (i) — truthfulness al can shine in life. It may lead the (j) — world to peace and prosperity. 6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Man’s dignity depends (a) — his works. Man is a social (b) — on the earth. He should not be irrational. He is (C) — work for others. He should not be (d) — if he is blue blood. He should be (e) — to help any class of men. The man whom he is helping may be (f) — to him by birth but he should not (g) — that all are equal. He has the same blood and (h) — as the above (i) -----man. So, we should sacrifice our lives for other’s (j) —. 7. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Email has brought about (a) — revolution in modem communication. Messages can transmitted (b) — one country to another within (c) — few seconds. It is far cheaper than telephone calls. Trade (d) — commerce has become greatly dependent (e) — this speedy more of communication. It has, however, not reached everyone, specially (I) — developing countries like ours, as most (g) — the people cannot afford to have (h) — personal computer. But most (i) — the people have started using commercially operated email (j) — important purposes. 8. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Man is the supreme creation of Allah. He is different from other animals because he (a) — more IQ than they. He can (b) — between right and wrong because of his (c) —. He can (d) — himself from (e) — any harmful deed. He can (f) — himself for his (g) —. But sometimes, he acts out of (h) — and it brings (i) — to him. So he should apply his (j)— consciously. 9. Fill in the blanks with suitable words A teacher is (a) — architect of a nation. He plays (b) — important role in building up an (c)----nation. He dispels the (d) — of Ignorance from the lot of a nation. He is (e) — actor, so to speak He has to suit his act according (f — the need (g) his audience which is his class He able to hold the attention and interest of his students. He is a clear speaker (h)----- good. Strong pleasing voice which is under his control. He does not sit motionless ii) his class. He makes lessons interesting (j) — the students. 10. Fill in the blanks with suitable words In every walk (a) — life, discipline is a must. As soon as (b) — man loses uniformity (c) — nature at large, his life is bound to be full of unhappiness and uneasiness. Everything in (d) — universe moves in (e) — disciplined way. From (f) — sun down to the smallest creature everything (g) — a disciplined life. Discipline is mostly needed (h) — early life. A child whose habits are (i) ---can gain honour in every field of life. His future will be blessed (j)--- peace and happiness. 11. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Modem life (a)— much on transport. We can very well( b) —how important transport is when is (c) — calamities or during socio-political crisis. In fact, transport has made (d) ---for us to reach places previously (el —. It has (f) — helped the flourishment of trace and, commerce and to (g) — new knowledge and Ideas. (h) —, transport has (i)--- friendship and understanding among nations and peoples( J) — the globe. . 12. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Trees are very useful (a) — man. They (b)— the rich top soil from being (c) away by rainwater and floods. We see trees being (d) — along mountain slopes, on the roadsides. parks and gardens. Trees (e) — us in many ways by (f) — their fruits, flowers, leaves, bark timber and every other things. They provide (g) — to birds and animals. They (h)---- in carbon dioxide and (i) — oxygen. As we know, by now man must 0) — oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide . 13. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Books are mar’s best companions (a) — life. You may have very good friends (b) you may not get them. (c) — the time of need. They may not behave gently id) — you. One or two may prove (e) — betrayers and do you much (f) —. But books are always there (g) — you. Some books may (h)— you laugh, some books may give you much pleasure and some again may provide you (i) — new knowledge and new ideas. They remain your friends ( j) — your life. 14. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Language (a) — a very Important role in the lives of human beings. We use language from the (b) ---we wake up in the morning (c) — we go to bed at night. We use language (d) — different purposes. We use language to (e) — our ideas, thoughts and, feelings, ‘to (f) — our message or to pass (g) — information to others. In short, language is (h) — present in our activities. It is( i) — inseparable part of (j) — we are, what we do and believe. 15. Fill in the blanks with suitable words We can’t ignore the (a) — of money. To execute (b) — scheme of life, we need money. It (c) — our worldly peace and prosperity. We can enjoy our life well (d) — we have enough money. Without money our life will [e) — deplorable and lamentable. But (I) — money is not easy for all. Ability as well as skill is g) — to earn money. Again our peace and prosperity depend (h) — the proper utilization of money. Spending money (i) — an illegal way can lead us (j)—the path of destruction and downfall. So we should be aware of spending money. 16. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Education is (a) — backbone of a nation. A nation cannot make progress, if (b) — large section of her people (c) — illiterate. Illiteracy is a cut-se. It hinders all the development works of a country. Illiteracy has become a serious problem (d) — our country. Again, primary education is (e) — foundation (f) — basic education. Without giving basic education (g) ---our children we cannot be an enlightened nation. So, everybody should send his children (h). — primary schools. Our government has undertaken some steps to wipe out illiteracy. That is why, the Govt. has (i) — the primary education free and compulsory (j) — all. 17. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Most of our young learners are often indulged (a) — surfing Internet and keep themselves (b) — in facebooking and twittering. In this way, they just (c) — away their time. Though this involvement somehow (d) — to develop their skill of using Internet. it kills their valuable time which is supposed to (e) — spent for their studies, for games and sports, for other activities related — the development of (g) — social skills. So, there should have (h) — limited access (i) — Internet browsing and some sort (j) — prohibition in using internet for the young students. 18. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Education is one of the basic (a) ---- of a human and is (b) ---- for every kind of development. It (c) — us to make right choices in life. It (d) — our ability to raise crops, (e) — food, protect the environment and (f) — out our social responsibilities. It provides us (g) — an enlightened (h)---- about things. But education has to be (i) —. It is not (j) — adopting degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. 19. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Good manners form (a) —important part of our education. Our education (b) — incomplete if we don’t learn good manners. In our behaviour (c) — others we must (d) — proper respect for them. We should have (e) — sense of fitness in our (f) — with others. We should show respect to our (g) —. It is necessary for (h) — disciplined society. Good manners cost us (i) —. So, good manners should be a part (j) — our nature. 20. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Tolerance is one of the best (a) — of man. Every conscious man should (b) — this great quality. In human society, one person (c) — not like another person. One may have grudge (d) — the other. (e) — he must show tolerance to live (f) — in the society. A man (g) — of tolerance makes his problems himself. A (h) — man can solve his problems step by step and (i)---- in the long run. So, we should not be (j) — whatever the situation is. 21. Fill in the blanks with suitable words The proper way of study involves (a) — and proper understanding. In order to get (b) — from study, we should read (c) —. We should not study only for the (d) — of passing examination. We should take genuine (e) — of our studies so that we can (f) — what we (g) ---This will give us (h) — and wisdom and (i) — the horizon of our outlook. We should therefore study not only for immediate gains but also for (j) — the wealth of our mind. 22. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Trees are (a) — to man in many ways. They provide us (b) — oxygen without which we cannot live more than a few minutes. They supply us with (c) — and food, give us shade and help to (d) — drought and (e) —. Unfortunately, cannot realize the importance of trees. We cut them (f) — in large numbers. (g) — it is a suicidal (h) —. If we do not (i)---- such acts soon, our country will, no doubt, turn into a (j) —. 23. Fill in the blanks with suitable words A flower is (a) — best creation of nature. It is a symbol of (b) — and beauty. It (c) — us pleasure. There is nobody but (d) — flower. But it is a matter of (e) — that a flower does not last (f) —. It blooms in the morning and (g) — away very soon. Nowadays flowers are (h) — in our country commercially. Many people earn their livelihood by flower (i) —. At present flower cultivation is (j) —. 24. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Education (a) — our ignorance and gives us the (b) — of knowledge. (c)---- respect of (d)-- education, there should be no discrimination (e) — man and woman. Education is one of the (f) — rights. If we deprive women (g) — the right of education, almost half of our population will remain (h) — darkness. No (i) — can be brought about (j) — the participation of women. 25. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Computer was not invented (a) —. It (b) — time and hard labour to invent computer. Many (c) — of science worked hard for years (d) —and finally came out (e) —. In fact, computer cannot work all (f) — itself. It works on the (g) — of the command (h) — by the (i)---- It is used in our daily life for a number of (j) —. 26. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Anger is one of (a) — six passions. It is (b) — to any man’s life. In fact it is (c) — offence. So we should not be angry (d) — anybody (e) — anything. Anger brings (f) — man down (g) — the level of beast. We must stay away (h) — it. We should (i) — let anger to absorb (j) — us. 27. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Afforestation means planting or preserving trees. It is (a) — opposite to deforestation. Trees and plants are part and parcel (b) — the environment. Ecology (c) — depends on them. The country will (d) — into a desert unless there are trees. The trees help to protect the Soil (e) — erosion. Flood cannot affect those areas (f) — with trees. Storm cannot (g) — its force (h) — the places where there are trees. So we should (i) — our fallow land for (j) ---— benefit of our life. 28. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Time and tide wait (a) — none. None can call it back. (b) — man can get back his (c) ----- money and health but cannot get back his lost time. Time (d) — lost is lost forever. So we should make (e) — best use of our time. We must do our work (f) — time. If we put off our work (g) — tomorrow, we may not get time to do it at all. There are some people who pass time (h) — nothing. They cannot prosper (i)— life. They have to depend (j) — others. 29. Fill in the blanks with suitable words Honesty is (a) — great virtue. (b) — man who possesses it is said to be (c) —. He is respected (d) — all and hated by (e) —. Even a dishonest man can’t (f) — respect him Endowed with (g) — clear conscience, he enjoys .peace of mind. Though he suffers (h) — times he succeeds ( i) — the long run and becomes happy. Bangladesh needs honest & hard-working people (j) ---- her overall development.

English For Teachers

Paraphrasing,Synonyms for IELTS Reading, Listening , Writing Paraphrasing for IELTS Reading, Writing & Listening

preparation for CELTA, celta tests, english practice for celta CELTA CELTA is an initial teacher training qualification for teaching English as a second or foreign language (ESL and EFL). It is provided by Cambridge Assessment English through authorised Cambridge English Teaching Qualification centres and can be taken either full-time or part-time. CELTA was developed to be suitable both for those interested in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and for Teaching English to the Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL).[1] [2] The full name of the course was originally the Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults and is still referred to in this way by some course providers. However, in 2011 the qualification title was amended on the Ofqual register to the Cambridge English Level 5 Certificate In Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (CELTA)[3] in order to reflect that the wider range of students that teachers might have, including younger learners. CELTA is designed for candidates with little or no previous English language teaching (ELT) experience. It is also taken by candidates with some teaching experience who have received little practical teacher training or who wish to gain internationally recognised qualification. Candidates should have English language skills equivalent to at least C1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) or an IELTS score of 7.[4] [5] CELTA gives equal emphasis to theory and practice. The strong practical element demonstrates to employers that successful candidates have the skills to succeed in the classroom.[6] Courses can be taken full-time or part-time through one of three modes of delivery: fully face-to-face, in a blended format that combines on-line self-study with practical teaching experience, or fully online, with teaching practice and input all being delivered online through a video conferencing platform such as Zoom. A full-time, face-to-face course typically lasts between four and five weeks. CELTA is a continuous assessment course (i.e. participants are assessed throughout the course) leading to a certificate qualification.[7] Candidates who successfully complete the course can start working in a variety of English language teaching contexts around the world.[8] CELTA is regulated at Level 5 of the Qualifications and Credit Framework for England, Wales and N. Ireland and is suitable for teachers at Foundation and Developing level on the Cambridge English Teaching Framework.[9]

Table for SSC Eng 2nd Paper

preparation for sat examination, english for sat examination, english test for sat examination SAT Introduction Idea Builders Reading writing Vocabulary Grammar What is the SAT? Many colleges require scores from the SAT or ACT tests as a part of the admissions process. Your SAT score is a key component of your college applications. SAT Basics SAT Length3 hours (plus 50 minutes if taking optional Essay) SAT Sections Math Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Essay (optional) SAT Cost$46 ($60 if taking SAT with Essay) Highest SAT Score1600 Average SAT Score1060 About the SAT The SAT is an entrance exam used by most colleges and universities to make admissions decisions. The SAT is a multiple-choice, pencil-and-paper test created and administered by the College Board. The purpose of the SAT is to measure a high school student's readiness for college, and provide colleges with one common data point that can be used to compare all applicants. College admissions officers will review standardized test scores alongside your high school GPA, the classes you took in high school, letters of recommendation from teachers or mentors, extracurricular activities, admissions interviews, and personal essays. How important SAT scores are in the college application process varies from school to school. Overall, the higher you score on the SAT and/or ACT, the more options for attending and paying for college will be available to you. When should I take the SAT? Most high school students take the SAT, the ACT, or both during the spring of their junior year or fall of their senior year. It's important to leave time to re-take the test if you need to raise your score before you apply to college. The SAT exam is offered nationally every year in August, October, November, December, March, May, and June. View all upcoming SAT test dates. What is on the SAT? There are two SAT sections: Math Evidence-Based Reading and Writing The SAT also includes an optional Essay section. SAT Essay scores are reported separately from overall test scores. Some colleges may require that you complete the SAT Essay. You can confirm each college's admissions policies on the school website or on our school profiles. How long is the SAT? The SAT is 3 hours long. If you choose to take the SAT with Essay, the test will be 3 hours and 50 minutes. How is the SAT scored? Each section of the SAT is scored on a 200 to 800 point scale. Your total SAT score is the sum of your section scores. The highest possible SAT score is 1600. If you take the Essay, you will receive a separate score. Should I take the SAT or the ACT? Most colleges and universities will accept scores from either the SAT or ACT, and do not favor one test over the other. That said, college-bound students are increasingly taking both the SAT and ACT. Changes made to the SAT in 2016 have made it easier than ever to prep for both tests concurrently—and earn competitive scores on both! The best way to decide if taking the SAT, ACT, or both tests is right for you is to take a timed full-length practice test of each type. Since the content and style of the SAT and ACT are very similar, factors like how you handle time pressure and what types of questions you find most challenging can help you determine which test is a better fit. Try our QUIZ: SAT, ACT, or Both? to learn more. How do I register for the SAT? SAT registration deadlines fall approximately five weeks before each test date. Register online on the College Board website. The College Board may require SAT registration by mail under special circumstances. How can I prep for the SAT? We can help. We have SAT prep solutions for every student and every budget. Source: https://www.princetonreview.com/college/sat-information Digital SAT Content Alignment: Overview The digital SAT Suite uses multistage adaptive testing (MST). Relying on MST means the digital SAT Suite fairly and accurately measures the same things with a shorter, more highly secure test while preserving test reliability. Each assessment in the digital SAT Suite has two sections: the Reading and Writing section and the Math section. In every assessment in the SAT Suite, including the SAT, students have 64 minutes to complete the Reading and Writing section and 70 minutes to complete the Math section. Each Reading and Writing module lasts 32 minutes, while each Math module lasts 35 minutes. When students complete the Reading and Writing section, they are moved to the Math section after a 10-minute break between the sections. Total testing time for the digital SAT Suite is 2 hours and 14 minutes for each assessment (SAT, PSAT/NMSQT, PSAT 10, and PSAT 8/9). Testing Modules Both the Reading and Writing and the Math sections are divided into two equal-length and separately timed stages, each composed of a module of questions. Students can move backward and forward among questions in each module before time runs out. When time runs out on the first module of each section, the test delivery platform moves students to the second module. The first module contains a broad mix of easy, medium, and hard questions. Based on how students perform on the first module, the second module of questions will either be more difficult or less difficult. Reading and Writing Section Question Distribution Questions on the Reading and Writing section represent one of four content domains, shown in the table below. Questions that test similar skills and knowledge are grouped together and arranged from easiest to hardest. Content DomainSkill/Knowledge Testing PointsOperational Question Distribution Craft and Structure Words in Context Text Structure and Purpose Cross-Text Connections 13–15 questions ~28%Information and Ideas Central Ideas and Details Command of Evidence (Textual, Quantitative) Inferences 12–14 questions ~26%Standard English Conventions Boundaries Form, Structure, and Sense 11–15 questions ~26%Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis Transitions 8–12 questions ~20% The first two domains—Craft and Structure and Information and Ideas—primarily address reading-related skills and knowledge, while the second two domains—Standard English Conventions and Expression of Ideas—primarily address writing-related skills and knowledge. Content Domains for SAT For Reading and Writing 1. Information and Ideas 1.1 Central Ideas and Details 1.2 Inferences 1.3 Command of Evidence (Textual and Quantitative) 2. Craft and Structure 2.1 Words in Context 2.2 Text Structure and Purpose 2.3 Cross-Text Connections 3. Expression of Ideas 3.1 Rhetorical Synthesis 3.2 Transitions 4. Standard English Conventions 4.1 Boundaries 4.2 Form, Structure, and Sense SAT- Exam day Preparation Tips from-https://satsuite.collegeboard.org What to Expect on Test Day Before test day, make sure you're familiar with these procedures... Fakhruddin Babar Nov 4, 2023 11 min read Essential Words for SAT Essential Words for SAT A abase (v.) to humiliate, degrade (After being overthrown and abased, the deposed leader offered to bow down to... Fakhruddin Babar Oct 22, 2020 79 min read

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution

Right Form of Verbs for Examination Right Forms of Verb Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Basic Rules of Right Forms of verbs 1. Action word takes 's', 'es' when its subject is third person singular. As: The girl plays Ludo. Tom likes Jennifer. She goes to school. Karima sings a sweet song. Lubna loves none. Kazol loves Salimullah. Bulbul asks his mother about her father. Masud reads well. Mina tries to establish a teaching centre. 2. Present Indefinite Tense uses for any kinds of truth. As: Oil floats on water. The sun rises in the east. The earth is round. The earth moves round the sun. Rainbow contains seven colors. 3. The presence of the following word indicates present indefinite . They are "regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally, usually, normally." As: When does Mr. Rahim take his food normally. A good student prepares his lessons regularly. Sometimes she goes there. He often comes here. She always makes a noise in the class. 4. Do, does, or did must create to make questions or negative in auxiliary verb-less sentence . As: The boy does not work hard. Did Karim come home yesterday. 5. To be verb uses before subject while wh -word "Who, what, when, where, which , whose, why, how" placing beginning of the sentence. As: Why does Mrs. Bill look so happy? What do you want? What would you like to have? 6. Present continuous tense places for progressive (continue) action at present . As: Bristy is singing a song. Ety is watching TV at the moment. I am writing blog now. 7. For 'Have' verb past participle should be placed in the sentence. As: She has done the dancing. They have made him captain. 8. The following words also follow present perfect tense. They are: just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently. As : I have met her recently. Have you ever been to the zoo? They have gone out just now. 9. With some phrases in sentences , like : yesterday, ago, long since, last night. As: She left the school last year. I went home yesterday. She saw me long ago. 10. Sentence with some phrases like, no sooner had --- than, scarcely had when, hardly had, before etc contain past perfect at first portion of sentence and next part contain past Indefinite. As: No sooner had he seen the police than he ran away. 11. Sentences containing since in the first portion refers present indefinite replaces second portion as past Indefinite. As: It is many years since I came to Dhaka. Thirty three years have passed since my father Abur Rob died. Seven months have past since my mother Safia Khatun departed the world. 12. Sentences containing since in the first portion if refers past indefinite replaces second portion as past perfect. As: It was many years since they had first met. It was long since I had seen her last. 13. Past perfect tense uses previously 'before' and later on 'after': As: The patient had died before the doctor came. The doctor died after the patient had come. We left home after the beggar had come. 14. In a sentence, if there are two simple present verb, the second verb turns into either 'continuous' or takes 'infinitive to': As: I saw him going or I saw him to go. I don't want to leave this place. or , I do not want leaving this place. 15. The following word like 'had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare takes present indefinite. As: You had better go home. I shall not let you enter the classroom. 16. The portion 'would that ' takes 'could' after the subject: As: Would that I could go to college. 17. The principal verb of 'to be' and 'having' takes past participle. As: She ran away having taken the memory. The principal desired the notice to be hung. 18. Preceding the given verb if mind , worth, without, past, cannot help, could not help with a view to, look forward to, would you mind, get used to and preposition uses then 'ing' is added verb. As: I went to the factory with a view to earning there. She never thought of going to cinema. 19. The next verb becomes past indefinite if the sentences contain 'it is high time' 'it is time, ' wish, fancy etc. remains in a sentence. As: It is high time he changed his habit. I wish I sang a song.I fancy I turned pale. 20. To be verb becomes 'were or past indefinite' when we notice 'as though, as if, wish' in the sentence. As: I wish I were a king. He talks as if he were a leader. He speaks as though he knew everything.She proceeded as though I had not spoken. 21 . Every, one of , each follows singular verb .As: One of the boys was absent yesterday. Everybody loves flower. 22.Modal auxiliary follows present simple principal verb. As: You may come tomorrow. I can do the the work. One should take care of one's health. 23. Would should placed before main verb when next day,week, month, year etc take place in the sentence. As: He said that he would go home the next day. 24. Auxiliary verb (am, is , are, was, were) always follows a past or present participles. As: The book was stolen. They were playing. 25. First conditional follows the structure: If + present indefinite + Future indefinite . As: If he works hard, he will shine. If you run in the rain, you will catch cold. I shall go out if it rains. 26.Second conditional follows the structure: If + past indefinite + future in past (would/might/could). As: If he came , I would go. If I had a typewriter I would type. If he wanted , I would help him. 27. Third conditional follows the structure: If + Past perfect + future in past perfect . As: If I had seen him, I might have told him. 28. If the sentence begins with this structure 'Had + Subject + Past Participle' then the rest part begins with perfect conditional. It indicates would have, could have, might have in the rest part of the sentence. As: Had I been a king, I would have helped the landless. Had I possessed vast property , I would have established a university. 29. Unreal past receives unreal verb and 2nd part contains might/ would /could, or might/ would /could have: As: If I were a bird, I would fly. If I were a bird would have flown. If I were you I would not do this.If i were a king I would help the poor. 30. Action starts ago but still continuing now. In these case present perfect continuous uses. As: I have been reading for three hours. I have been leaving in this house for ten years. It has been raining since morning. 31. Have, has, had, get, got, etc uses as causative verb follows past participle. As: I got the work done by him. I had my rice cooked. 32. Lest follows should/would after subject in the sentence. As: He ran fast lest he should miss the train. 33. Just, after follows present participle (verb +ing) but while follows continuous tense. As: While walking in the garden, a snake bit him. After walking he went to rest. While he was walking on the bank of the river, he saw the sunset scene. 34. Subject and verbs follows the number. As: The colour of his eye is black. The players in the field are strong. 35. Unit follows singular number: As: Fifty miles is a long way. 36. The word 'there' receives singular or plural verb according to the contents. As: There is a high school in a village. There are two high schools in our village. Advanced Rules Elementary (PSC) Pre-intermediate (JSC) Intermediate (SSC) Upper-itermediate (HSC) Right form of Verbs Worksheet-A 1. English is (to speak) in many parts of the world. 2. The baby started (to cry) 3. We shall go home after we (to finish) our work. 4. Bread and butter (to be) his daily food. 5. The man sold all his (furniture). 6. Stop (to write) as the bell rang. 7. (Mouse) are afraid of cats. 8. He (to swim) in the pond for an hour. 9. A tiger is not (ferocious) than a lion. 10. They have two (man-servant) 11. He (need) wait for me. 12. The man seldom (to smoke). 13. Rafiq is (healthy) than his brother. 14. I (to see) a tiger yesterday. 15. They (to reach) the station before the train (to start). 16. Let the sum (to do) by your teacher. 17. He (to go) there tomorrow. 18. She is (intelligent) than any other girl in the class. 19. He has lost all his (tooth). 20. I saw the bird (to sit) on the food. 21. Samira is the (clever) of all the girls. 22. Would you mind (to open) the window? 23. Bangla (to speak) in Bangladesh. 24. The room seems to be (comfort). 25. Her head is full of (louse). 26. The man was (reduce) to a skeleton. 27. Would you mind (to take) simply a cup of tea? 28. If you play in the rain, you (to catch) cold. 29. His father died after he (to be) ill fora long time. 30. He (to lie) on bed in the last evening. 31. The boy (to bit) by a mad dog yesterday. 32. What (to make) you so angry? 33. Either of the two boys (to have) done this. 34. Why they (to go) there yesterday? 35. Things done by (half) are never done right. 36. The man (to hand) for murder. 37. I (to lie) on the floor for three hours. 38. When you (to finish) the book, I shall read it. 39. She is a famous (actor). 40. I heard him ( to say) so. 41. Five years (to pass) since I met you last. 42. He never (to eat) meat. 43. Rafiq is (good) than all other boys in the class. 44. I am having my house (to repair) 45. I found a number of (mouse) in the room. 46. The (knife) were all out of use. 47. Have you ever (to be ) to Cox's Bazar? 48. He not (return) home last night. 49. Selina is the (beautiful) of all the girls in the class. 50. The hen (to lay) an egg yesterday. 51. There are four (M.A) in our school. 52. The bird has (to fly) away. 53. He (to give) a lecture to night. 54. Something is (good) than nothing. 55. The wind (to blow) gently yesterday. 56. Have you (to choose) your career? 57. Many (ox) are grazing in the field. 58. He is the (old) of the five brothers. 59. The banana was cut into two (half). 60. He died after he (be) ill fora long time. 61. His father not (smoke). 62. He (read) a novel now. 63. I (to receive) your letter just now. 64. We got out our journey after it (to dawn). 65. They (to grow) tired and sat under a tree. 66. The planks (to make) after the tree. (cut). 67. It (to rain) since morning. 68. Mother (to suffer) from fever for a week. 69. If you had read the book, you (to learn) many things. 70. I saw the plane (to fly) over my head. 71. The patient (to die) before the doctor came. 72. Sixty miles (be) a long distance. Right form of Verbs Worksheet-A Answer: 1. Ans. English is spoken in many parts of the world. 2. Ans. The baby started crying. 3. Ans. We shall go home after we have finished our work. 4. Ans. Bread and butter is his daily food. 5. Ans. The man sold all his furniture. 6. Ans.. Stop writing as the bell rang. 7. Ans. Mice are afraid of cats. 8. Ans. He has been swimming in the pond for an hour. 9. Ans. A tiger is not more ferocious than a lion. 10. Ans. They have two men-servants. 11. Ans. He needs not wait for me. 12. Ans. The man seldom smokes. 13. Ans. Rafiq is healthier than his brother. 14. Ans. I saw a tiger yesterday. 15. Ans. They had reached the station before the train started. 16. Ans. Let the sum be done by your teacher. 17. Ans. He will go there tomorrow. 18. Ans. She is more intelligent than any other girl in the class. 19. Ans. He has lost all his teeth. 20. Ans. I saw the bird sitting on the roof. 21. Ans. Samira is the cleverest of all the girls. 22. Ans. Would you mind opening the window? 23. Ans. Bangla is spoken in Bangladesh. 24. Ans. The room seems to be comfortable. 25. Ans. Her head is full of lice. 26. Ans. The man was reduced to a skeleton. 27. Ans. Would you mind taking simply a cup of tea? # 28. Ans. If you play in the rain, you will catch cold. 29. Ans. His father died after he had been ill for a long time. 30. Ans. He lay on bed in the last evening. 31. Ans. The boy was bitten by a mad dog yesterday. 32. Ans. What makes you so angry?. 33. Ans. Either of the two boys has done this. 34. Ans. Why did they go there yesterday? 35. Ans. Things done by halves are never done right. 36. Ans. The man was hanged for murder. 37. Ans. I have been lying on the floor for three hours. 38. Ans. When you have finished the book. I shall read it. 39. Ans. She is a famous actress. 40. Ans. I heard him saying so. 41. Ans. Five years have passed since I met you last. 42. Ans. He never eats meat. 43. Ans. Rafiq is better than all other boys in the class 44. Ans. I am having my house repaired. 45. Ans. I found a number of mice in the room . 46. Ans. The knives were all out of use . 47. Ans. Have you ever been to Cox's bazar? 48. Ans. He did not return home last night. 49. Ans. Selina is the most beautiful of all the girls in the class. 50. Ans. The hen laid an egg yesterday. 51. Ans. There are four M. A's in our school. 52. Ans. The bird has flown away. 53. Ans. He will give a lecture tonight. 54. Ans. Something is better than nothing. 55. Ans. The wind blew gently yesterday. 56. Ans. Have you chosen your career? 57. Ans. Many oxen are grazing in the field. 58. Ans. He is the eldest of the five brothers. 59. Ans. The banana was cut into two halves. 60. Ans. He died after he had been ill for a long time. 61. Ans. His father does not smoke. 62. Ans. He is reading a novel now. 63. Ans. I have received your letter just now. 64. Ans. We got out our journey after it had dawned. 65. Ans. They grew tired and sat under a tree. 66. Ans. The planks were made after the tree had been cut. 67. Ans. It has been raining since morning. 68. Ans. Mother has been suffering from fever for a week. 69. Ans. If you had read the book, you would have learnt many things. 70. Ans. I saw the plane flying over my head. 71. , Ans. The patient had died before the doctor came. 72. Ans. Sixty miles is a long distance. Right form of Verbs Worksheet-1.1 Choose the correct verb form from those in brackets: The earth --- round the sun. (move, moves, moved) My friends --- the Prime Minister yesterday, (see, have seen, saw) I --- him only one letter up to now. (sent, have sent, send) She --- worried about something, (looks, looking, is looking) It started to rain while we --- tennis, (are playing, were playing, had played). He --- fast when the accident happened, (is driving, was driving, drove) He --- asleep while he was driving, (falls, fell, has fallen) I'm sure I --- him at the party last night, (saw, have seen, had seen). He --- a mill in this town, (have, has, is having) He --- here for the last five years, (worked, is working, has been working). He thanked me for what I ---. (have done, had done, have been doing) I --- a strange noise, (hear, am hearing, have been hearing). I --- him for a long time, (know, have known, am knowing) '. We ---,English for five years, (study, am studying, have been studying) . Don't disturb me. I --- my homework, (do, did, am doing) . Abdul --- to be a doctor, (wants, wanting, is wanting) The soup --- good, (taste, tastes, is tasting) He --- TV most evenings, (watches, is watch, is watching) He --- out five minutes ago. (has gone, had gone, went) When he lived in Hyderabad, he --- to the cinema once a week, (goes, went, was going) The baby --- all morning, (cries, has been crying) I --- Rahim at the zoo. (saw, have seen, had seen) I --- Kumar this week, (haven't seen, didn't see, am not seeing) This paper --- twice weekly, (is appearing, appearing, appears) Ashok fell off the ladder when he --- the roof, (is mending, was mending, mended) The Headmaster --- to speak to you. (wants, is wanting, was wanting) I --- a new bicycle last week, (bought, have bought, had bought) Here are your shoes ; I --- them, (just clean, just cleaned, have just cleaned) It --- since early morning, (rained, is raining, has been raining) I --- a lot of work today, (did, have done, had done) I --- something burning, (smell, am smelling, have been smelling) Look ! The sun --- over the hills, (rises, is rise, is rising) She --- unconscious since four o'clock, (is, was, has been) He used to visit us every week, but he --- now. (rarely comes, is rarely coming, has rarely come) We --- for his call since 4.20. (are waiting, have been waiting, were waiting) Every day last week my aunt --- a plate, (breaks, broke, was breaking) I know all about that film because I --- it twice, (saw, have seen, had seen) Our guests ---; they are silting in the garden, (arrived, have arrived, had arrived). I --- him since we met a year ago. (didn't see, haven't seen, hadn't seen) We --- our breakfast half an hour ago. (finished, have finished, had finished) She jumped off the bus while it ---. (moved, had moved, was moving). When we went to the cinema, the film --- (already started, had already started,would already start) I --- for half an hour when it suddenly started to rain, (have walked, have been walking, had been walking) Did you think you --- me somewhere before? (have .seen, had seen, were The town --- its appearance completely since 1980. (is changing, changed, has Sheila --- her case, look. (packed, has packed, had packed) When I was in Sri Lanka. I --- Negombo. Beruwela and Nilaveli. (visited, was visited, have visited) 1 meant to repair the radio, but --- time to do it today (am not having, haven't had. hadn't) When I --- my dinner I went to bed. (had, have had, had had) Men --- to abolish wars up to now, but maybe they will find a way in the future,(never managed, have never managed, will have never managed) The plane --- at 3.30. (arrives, will arrive) I will phone you when he --- back, (comes, will come) When I get home, my dog --- at the gate waiting for me. (sits, will be sitting) I --- the Joshis this evening, (visit, am visiting) Look at those black clouds. It ---, (will rain, is going to rain) The train --- before we reach the station, (arrives, will have arrived) Perhaps we --- Mahabaleshwar next month, (visit, will visit) Unless we --- now we can't be on time, (start, will start) I --- into town later on. Do you want a lift? (drive, will be driving) The next term --- on 16th November, (begins, is beginning) Oh dear! I --- (will sneeze, am going to sneeze) By 2005, computers --- many of the jobs that people do today, (will be taking over, will have taken over) I'm sure she --- the exam, (passes, will pass) I --- home next Sunday, (go, am going) I --- you one of these days, I expect, (see, will be seeing) Help! I --- fall, (will fall, am going to fall) She has bought some cloth; she --- herself a blouse, (will make, is going to make) I --- your house this afternoon. It is on my way home from work, (will be passing, am passing) Hurry up! The programme --- (will start, is about to start) This book is not long. I --- it by lunch time, (will be reading, will have read) Right form of Verbs Worksheet-1.2 Insert the correct tense of verb in the following:- 1. I waited for my friend until he ---. (To come.) 2. So long as the rain ---, I stayed at home. (To continue) 3. I did not know it until you ---. (To speak.) 4. He speaks as one who ---. (To know.) 5. He ran as quickly as he ---. (Can or could?) 6. He went where he --- find work. (Can or could?) 7. Wherever there is coal you --- find iron. (Will or would ?) 8. He behaves as one --- expect him to do. 9. He ran away because he --- afraid. (To be) 10. He fled where his pursuers --- not follow. (Can or could?) 11. As he --- not there, I spoke to his brother. (To be.) 12. The notice was published in order that all --- know the facts.(May or might?) 13. He was so tired that he --- scarcely stand. (Can or could?) 14. You make such a noise that I --- not work. (Can or could?) 15. He finished first though he --- late. (To begin.) 16. His health has improved since he --- India. (To leave) 17. As soon as he --- the news he wrote to me. (To hear) 18. After the shower --- over, the sun shone out again. (To be) 19. Whenever we --- we talk of old times. (To meet) 20. Answer the first question before you --- further. (to proceed.) 21. Just as he --- the room the clock struck. (To enter.) 22. Now that we --- safe we stopped to take breath. (To feel.) 23. Wherever he --- the people gathered to listen. (To preach.) 24. He speaks as though he --- very angry. (To be.) 25. He ran because he --- in a hurry. (To be.) 26. I do it because I --- to. (To choose.) 27. He advanced as far as he ---. (To dare.) 28. He lost more than he --- afford. (Can or could?) 29. He eats as much as he ---. (Can or could?) 30. He rode as swiftly as he ---. (Can or could?) 31. He locked the papers up so that they --- be safe. (May or might?) 32. He walked as though he --- slightly lame. (To be.) 33. He stayed at home because he --- feeling ill, (To be.) 34. I forgive you since you ---. (To repent.) 35. He labours hard so that he --- become rich. (May or might?) 36. We shall wait here until you ---. (To come.) 37. He rested his horse, for it ---. (To limp.) 38. You may sit wherever you ---. (To like.) 39. He went to Kolkata that he --- find work. (May or might?) 40. I would die before I --- . (To lie). 41. They come to see us as often as they ---. (Can or could?) 42. I studied hard in order that I --- succeed. (May or might?) 43. He so hard that he is certain to succeed. (To work.) 44. She told me that she --- come. (Will or would?) 45. He would succeed if he ---. (To try.) 46. I asked him what --- I do. (Can or could?) 47. He came oftener than we --- . (To expect.) 48. I would not attempt it if you --- me, (To ask.) 49. He walked so fast than I --- not overtake him . (Can or could?) Right form of Verbs Worksheet- 2.1 Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verbs given in the brackets. Her examination--- (begin) tomorrow. The girls ---- (play) in the field now. She usually --- (go) to school by bus. She ------- (sleep), don't disturb her. The dogs----- (bark) all the night. He always----- (help) the poor. When he----- (take) his food normally? Two and two---- (make) four. Ruby------ (do) her duty properly. He ------ (not write) a letter. Why Ruby----- (do) it daily? Nasima------- (draw) the picture now. Iron ------- (melt) at a high temperature. Physics ------ (to be ) my favourite subject. We have ----- (elect) him our captain. I -------- (see) Rubina recently. Of late I ----- (do) the work. He------- (come) just now. Have you ever---- (to be) to Kuakata? Hamid------ (die) last night. It ------- (rain) since morning. I saw him----- (do) it. I don't want----- (leave) this place. You had better--- (to do) the work. He talks as if he--- (to be) mad. He talks as if he--- (know) everything. One should---- (take) care of one's health. If he did, I ----- (do). I would help him if he - (wish) If you had helped him, I (help) you. If I were a dove, I -- (fly) It ------ (rain) since Monday. The colour of his eyes (to be) blue. Eighty miles (be) a long distance. Bread and butter (be) my daily food. There (be) four mosques in our village. There------ (to be) a college in our locality. Slow and steady--- (win) the race. Robin as well as his sisters (sing) well. The dog------ (to be) a faithful animal. Right form of verbs Worksheet -2.2 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate auxiliary verb He died so that he --- save the flag. They erected signposts in order that the road --- be known. We eat so that we --- live. Even if he paid me to do so, I --- not live in his house. You --- go only if you have permission. On the understanding that you return soon, you --- go out. A bridge was built in order that the dangerous ferry --- be avoided. He begs from door to door that he --- keep body and soul together. He was so tired that he --- scarcely stand. he went to England in order he --- become a barrister. You make such a noise that I --- not work. He asked again whether supper --- be ready soon. In order that he --- learn the language quickly, he engaged a teacher. He said that he --- do it. The thieves stole whatever they --- find in the house. He begged that we --- pardon him. I wished that I --- come earlier. He said that he --- try again. He worked hard so that he --- win the prize. We ran so that we --- arrive in time. He said that he --- give an early reply. They sold the house because it --- old. He solemnly assured them that they --- quite mistaken. I come home when it --- to rain. The soldiers advanced when the bugle --- . I asked him what his name --- . He had a cow that --- enormous quantities of milk. When the sun set he --- home. He told them that they --- wrong. I heard that there --- a disturbance in the city. Could you doubt that there --- a God ? Right form of verbs Worksheet-2.3 1. If I (be) a king! 2. It is 10 am now.The sun (shine) in the eastern sky. 3. We often (fall) a victim of circumstances. 4. John (to be) ill for about a month. 5. They (to dig) the pond for a month. 6. We (not have) a holiday since the beginning of the year. 7. I (to live) here since 1972. 8. He (move) to Chicago just a few months ago. 9. All the books (to sell) yesterday. 10. I opened the door as soon as I (hear) the bell. 11. I (to hang) the picture on the wall yesterday. 12. We were watching the news when the telephone (ring) 13. As the sun (shine), I decied to go out. 14. Don't make a noise while your father (sleep). 15. The patient (die) before the doctor come. 16. The train left after I (reach) the station. 17. I reached the station after the train (to leave) 18. She did not let me (see)-what she was painting.. 19. I (go) on Saturday evening. 20. It's time you (realize) your mistakes.. 21. It is time (do) the work. 22. He talks as if he (to know) everything. 23. He looks as though he (see) a ghost. 24. Some days (pass) since my father died. 25. Five years (to pass) since I met you last. 26. I don't mind (help) with the cooking but I am not going to wash the dishes. 27. I am looking forward (see) you. 28. He worked instead of (play). 29. Would you mind (sing) a folk song? 30. My father insists on (use) quality materials for the construction of our new house. 31. I saw him (go). 32. He ran fast lest he (miss) the train. 33. Keep watch on my bag lest the thief (steal) it. Answer: Keep watch on my bag lest the thief should steal it. 34. I went to the market with a view to (buy). 35. My uncle arrived while I (cook) the dinner. 36. I wish I (win) the game this time. 37. Time and tide (wait) for none. 38. We have never (have) a car. 39. You must boil vegetables before (use) in the stew. 40. Eva talks to the pet bird asif it (understand) her. 41. The effects of the climate change (be) devastating. 42. When water (freeze) it turns into ice. 43. Mr. Michael (found) this factory in 1940. 44. There is plenty of time. You not (have) to hurry. 45. Harry has (to choose) the right path. 46. We (complete) a holiday since the beginning of this year. 47. He gave up (play) football when he got married. 48. The sun (set), they went home. 49. He watched you (to go) away. 50. Look! the girls (play) football. 51. I heard the baby (cry) for his food. 52. He (dare) go there. 53. Ronald walks as if he (be) lame. 54. Only after I (go) home, I remembered my doctor's appointment. 55. He did not let me (play) the guitar. 56. I got my car (repair) 57. The speaker failed to make the audience (listen) to him patiently. 58. Seeing is (believe). 59. Bread and butter (be) my favourite breakfast. 60. He was so exhausted that he decided to (lie) down for a while. 61. New programs will be (telecast) next week in UK Television. 62. Elizabeth (burn) her hand when she was cooking dinner. 63. I let him (go) there. 64. He made me (do) the work. 65. I saw him (go) in silence. 66. I behold him (reap) the crops. 67. I watched him (leave) the room. 68. I cannot but (shed) tears. 69. I used to (live) alone. 70. I cannot (do) the work. 71. It may (rain) today. 72. You should (obey) our parents. 73. You ought to (go) there. 74. He must (come) there. 75. You would rather (go) there. 76. You had better (go) to a doctor. 77. You have to (do) this. 78. You are to (go) there. Right Forms of Verb Work sheet 2.4 Fill in the gaps with the right form of verbs given in brackets. Would that I _____ (go) to America. The thief ran away having_________ (see) the policeman. I fancy, I — (fly) among the stars. Every mother ____ (love) her child. One of the students — (be) very brilliant, Hardly had the teacher left the class when the students_____(start) shouting. The earth ____ (move) round the sun. Many years have passed since I___ (visit) Cox's Bazar. They_____ (migrate) to India long ago. Five miles --- (be) not a long away. Our family just_______ (move) to a new place. I saw him_____ (go) to the station. It was long since I______ (meet) her last. The stars______ (shine) at night. She did nothing but______ (dance). Flowers_____ (be) gift of nature. Twenty years have passed since the poet -- (visit) London. I ____ (see) her long since. The baby_____ (cry) because it is hungry now. They_______ (read) English since morning. The show_____ (begin) just now. She answered_______ (thank) her friend. The Headmaster and the Secretary________ (go) on foot. The rogue was ___(hang) for murder. They appear as though they______ (be) highly educated. We like to see building --- (paint). Rome was not____ (build) in a day. If she_______ (try) she might have succeeded. Many a boy________ (make) such mistakes. Khaled_____ (play) for two hours. If you come, I____ (go). It is high time we (start) preparing for the examination. Would you mind______ (give) me a lift. We never thought of (approach) the Principal before. If she had tried, she______ (succeed). English is_______ (speak) in many countries. The boys came to the field _____ (run). I went outside the cabin having_______ (forget) him. The begger went away_______ (disappoint). Her eyes_____ (be) fixed upon me. Ice ______ (float) on water. The baby looked at its mother_______ (smile). He has recently _______(return) from the Middle East. Bread and butter______ (be) my favourite breakfast. Ten years have passed since Mary______ (go). If I were a doctor I_____ (serve) the poor. No sooner had we reached the station than the train_________ (arrive). Hardly did the grandmother finish her story when the children__________ (fell) asleep. We saw the drunken loafer (lie) on the footpath. 1 saw him_____ (go) to the station. Advanced (University) Right forms of verb worksheet-3.1 Complete the following text with suitable verbs in the box with their right form. 0.5×8=4 1 gather, give, offer, lead, know, fall, render, have The Man who (a) — medical treatment to the village people (b)__ as a village doctor. The village doctor is a man of great importance in society. He is well known to the villagers. He (c) __ great service to the villagers when they (d)__ ill. He is not well-qualified. He (e)__ not a good schooling. He (f) __ experience by working under a qualified doctor or in a medicine shop. His dispensary (g)_ a poor show with one or two worn out almirahs, an old wooden chair, a broken table and one or two benches. The village doctor (h) __ a very hard and busy life. 2 load, can, demand, bear, wear, become, carry, fall A railway porter is a person who (a)__ goods in a railway station. A railway porter is quite a known figure in the railway station. He (b) __ on his arm a brass plate given to him by the railway authority. The brass plate (c) __ his number. He carries luggage. He (d)__ and unloads the goods train. A railway porter is very clever. He (e)__ easily exploit the passengers. When a passenger (f) __ into trouble and (g)__ helpless for his heavy luggage, a porter (h)__ a higher charge. 3 wants, be, Hankers, make, play, dispel, have, discover A teacher (a)__ an architect of a nation. He (b)__ an important role in building up an educated nation. He is (c)__the darkness of ignorance from the lot of a nation. He is an actor, so to speak. He (d)__ to suit his act according to the need of his audience which is his class. He (e) __ lessons interesting to the students. A good teacher (f) __ the treasure hidden inside each student. He also (g) __ the students happy and for this he keeps them busy. A good teacher never (h)__ after money. 4 give, make, enable, lie, get, think, improve, mean Physical exercise (a) __ the regular movement of the limbs of our body according to rules. There (b)__ a close connection between body and mind. We (c) __ of a sound mind without a sound health. It is physical exercise which (d)__ us to build a good health. Physical exercise (e) __ our body active and the muscles strong. It also (f)__ our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (g)__ strength to our brain. A machine (h)__ rust for want of proper use. Human body is also a machine. 5 buy, be, have, sit, save, sell, divide, sell A village market (a) __ much importance in the life of the villagers. It generally (b)__ in an open place of the village. Usually a village market (c) __ into three sections-open space, temporary shops and permanent shops. Vegetable, milk, fish, fruit, curry and other essential things (d) __ in the open space. From the grocers people (e) __ oil, salt, onion, garlic, ginger, pulse etc. A village market (f) __ very useful and important in the life of the villagers. The villagers (g) __ their surplus products and buy their daily necessaries. It (h) __ time and money of the villagers. 6 gather, remind, widen, visit, hold, set, become, display In a book fair a lot of pavilions (a) __ up. All sorts of books-fictions, text books, dramas, children books, reference books etc. (b) __ . A book fair (c) __ crowdy specially in the evening. Both male and female customers (d) __ in a book fair. The writers also (e) __ the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes (f)__ also. A book fair (g)__ us that books are our best companions. They are always at our side when we are in danger. They change our outlook on life and (h) __ our domain of knowledge. 7 run, have, enjoy, invite, accept, serve, procure, pass My friend Sohel (a)-in Khulna. He (b)-me to pay a visit to Khulna. I (c)-the invitation gladly. On 5 September, I got upon Dhaka-Khulna coach at Gabtali bus stand. I (d )-a ticket the day before. Luckily I (e)-my seat by the window. It was a sunny morning. The bus started (f)-at a good speed and soon we were far from the din and bustle of the city. Our bus (g)-the road Savar. We (h)-beautiful green fields, orchards, and trees on the both side of the highway. 8 be, find, take, misbehave, receive, suffer, rush, take Rafiq (a)-from typhoid for a long time. Suddenly his condition deteriorated. So he (b)-to Dhaka Medical College Hospital. (c)-this news I (d)-to the hospital to see him. I (e)-him seriously ill. To my utter surprise I saw that the doctors (f)-not cordial at all. They (g)-any care of him. Even they (h)-with his parents. 9 send, bring, conquer, be, think, link, made, live We (a)-in an age of science. We can see the wonders of science around us. Science (b)-our life easy and comfortable. We (c)-of our modern life without science. Science (d)-up the distant parts of the world. Telephone, telex, fax, wireless, telegram (e)-great wonders. They (f)-the world closer to us. We can (g)-news from one corner of the world to other within a moment. They (h)-space. 10 depend, take, go , be, regain, wait, recover, make A proverb (a)-that time and tide (b)-for none. Since the dawn of civilization time is moving. It goes on and on. It (c)-not any rest. Lost health may be (d)-by medicine and proper caring and nursing, lost wealth by dint of hard labour but lost time cannot be (e)-by any means. Success in life (f)-on the best use of time. If we (g)-a proper division of our time and do our duties accordingly, we (h)-sure that we would be able to march in life and reach the cherished goal of our life. 11 cultivate, buy, change, love, increase, attract, buy, see A flower is a symbol of beauty and purity. Its sweet smell (a)-one to all. There is hardly any person who (b)-flower. We all like flowers but most of the people of our country are very poor. So they (c)- flowers. Only a particular section of people (d)-flowers on various occasions. But this attitude (e)-day by day. Nowadays many flower shops (f)-in the towns and cities in our country. Many people (g)- flowers and sell them. Today solvent people buy flowers. Their sense of beauty is (h)-. 12 help, be, have, take, read, play, publish, make Newspaper (a) __ a vital role in modern civilization. It (b) __ important news and views of home and abroad. A student must (c) __ the habit of reading newspaper everyday. Mere bookish knowledge (d)__ not sufficient in this competitive world. A newspaper (e) __ him enrich his general knowledge and (f) __ him aware of the burning issues of both inside and outside the country. A man who (g) __ newspaper is like a frog in a narrow well. Being ignorant of the current affairs, he (h) __ part in the talks and discussions in an enlightened society and thus he feels like a fish out of water. 13 enter, live, loss, be, know, walk, go, notice There (a) __ two close friends in a certain village. They (b) __ very fond of travelling. One day they (c) __ to a forest to see the natural beauty. They (d) __ along the path of the forest. They were so spell bound by the excitement of the forest that they even did not notice that they (e) __ into the deep forest. After that, they (f) __ that they (g) __ their way. They (h) __ it very well that the forest was the abode of various wild animals. 14 pay, have, become, be, make, quarrel, get, try There was an old farmer. He (a)__four sons. They were all grown up. But they had no good relation with one another. They (b)__disobedient and always (c)__among themselves. The old man was very much dissatisfied with them and (d)__to make them united. But they (e)__any heed to him. As he (f)__old and weak day by day, he (g)__very anxious about their future. At last he (h)__a plan to teach his sons how to live in unity. 15 catch, kill, began, play, wake, sleep, beg, run One day a lion (a)__in its cave. A mouse (b)__ nearby. While playing, it by chance (c)__over the lion’s body. At this, the lion (d)__up and became very angry. With a terrible roar he (e)__the mouse and said, “You tiny creature, how dare you tease me? I (f)__you.” The mouse (g)__to tremble in fear and (h)__for its life. Right forms of verb worksheet- 4.0 SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2020 Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2020;Sylhet Board 2020] drive solve create suffer occur reach cause carry violate give Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities of our country. Increasing number of vehicles (a) ---traffic jam. Mainly it (b) --- in the congested areas. Overtaking tendency also (c) ---traffic jam. Some drivers (d) --- the traffic rules and (e) ---carelessly. It (f) ---a lot of pains to the people. Ambulances (g) ---patients cannot (h) --- hospital timely. Students and office-going people also (i) ---due to traffic jam. This problem should be (j) ---immediately. 2. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2020; Rajshahi Board-2015] contribute confine keep prove work develop receive become adopt be According to history, women in the past were (a) ---within the four walls. But at present, they (b) ---no longer captive to their parents’ or husbands’ house. With the passage of time, the outlook and attitude have been (c) ---as men and women are (d) ---themselves to the changing society. By (e) ---education, they are (f) ---pilots, doctors, engineers, high officials, etc. They are (g) ---hand in hand with men in all worthy programmes. They are now able to (h) ---their worth. They (i) ---much to the economy of the country. Now, it has come to the realization of men that no development is possible by (j) ---half of our population idle at home. 3.Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2020] bestow be enable lose be have owe belong cause show We (a)---to our nature for (b)---us with her gifts lavishly. We (c)---a large area of land but the negligible area of land that (d) ---to us, is very fertile. We (e) ---ungrateful to our soil. But our activities (f) ---that we have (g) ---ungrateful to our soil. We are constantly (h)---soil pollution by our unwise activities. As a result, our fertile land is (i) ---its fertility which has (j) ---us to grow crops easily. 4. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board -2020] take eat deserve be thrive cause run know fall do Everybody (a)---- that food adulteration (b) ---a crime. Adulterated food is poisonous and (c)--- diseases. People (d) ---this kind of food (e) ----victim to liver disease, cancer, kidney failure and so on. Some businessman who are avaricious and (f) ---after money only (g) --- heinous work. They (h) ----- the miseries of others. They (i) --- punishment. Some strict measures should be (j)---- to stop this abominable task of the greedy businessmen. 5. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. ensure imagine refer create treat take eliminate establish broaden keep Gender inequality is a barrier to the overall development of a country. Gender equality (a) ---to the condition in which both men and women (b) ---equally and fairly in all circumstances Without (c) ---the participation of the both, the social and economic development (d) ---. Elimination of gender disparity is a demand of the day with a view to (e) ---human rights. Our government, already (f) ---some initiatives in different sectors so that women can (g) — peace with men. But our social set up is (h) ---a barrier in different ways. We should (i) ---our outlook and come forward to (j) ---gender inequality from the society. 6. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2020] act damage breed rise result consider overcome compare build endeavour Self-control (a) ---a great power. It (b) ---all other virtues. Man generally (c) ---on impulses and strong desires. Vicious desires (d) ---the purity of heart and mind (e) ---the degradation of human nature. It is the self-control that can help a man (f) ---up a pure character which is very essential (g) ---above the level of inhumanity. Nothing can (h) ---to self-control to (i) ---inhumanity. So, everybody (j)---for being self-controlled. 7.Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Mymensingh Board-2020] know hear call inspire bear hinder begin remember be join You must have (a) ---the name of Kazi Nazrul Islam. He (b) ---our national poet. He (c) ---as a rebel poet as well. He (d) ---into a poor family. But dire needs could not (e) ---his potentiality. When the First World War broke out, he (f) ---the army. After the war, he (g) ---to write poems. At that time, his poems and songs (h) ---people against oppression. He (i) ---the Shelley of Bangla literature. We should (j) ---him for his great deeds. 8.Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2020] enlighten limit start ensure have get remove encourage compare educate Education (a)--- mankind. It (b)--- to light which (c)--- the darkness of ignorance and helps us to distinguish between right and wrong. The primary purpose of education is the liberation of man from the restrictions of habits and attitudes which (d)--- his humanity. In our country, the govt. (e)--- Food for Education Programme" so that every man (f)--- proper education. The govt, has taken such a programme with a view to (g)--- the poor. In order to (h)--- maximum benefit from education, we must (i)--- our children morally so that they (j)--- love for humanity. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2019 9.Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2019] think be defend honour inspire remember sacrifice die Patriotism is a noble virtue. It (a) ---a man to shed the last drop of blood to (b) ---the freedom of his country. A man without patriotism (c) ---not better than a beast. A true patriot (d) ---by all. He always (e) ---for the welfare of his country. On the other hand, the unpatriotic men (f)--- only for their own interest. Those who (g) ---for the country are true patriots. They (h) ---even after their death. That is why, the freedom fighters who (i) ---their lives in 1971 are remembered and (j) ---forever. 10. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2019] work commit respect occur know Sacrifice have follow remember stand Love for one’s own country (a) ---as patriotism. Everyone should (b) ---a great love for his country. Many of our freedom fighters (c) ---their lives in 1971 for the sake of our country. The countryman (d) ---them forever. Some people are (e) ---persistently for the development of the country. They are also patriots. Everybody (f) ---a patriot. When any natural calamity (g) ---in the country, a patriot (h) ---by the affected people. We (i) ---the footprint of the patriots. We should refrain from (j) ---any crime that is harmful of our country. 11. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2019] understand form consider owe take respect succeed acquire admit forget In an educational institution teacher-student relationship is (a) ---to be the most important matter. It is such a relationship that is (b) ---on the basis of mutual (c) ---. A student always (d) ---to his teachers because he cannot but (e) ---help from them in case of (f) ---knowledge. The sensible students never (g) ---their teachers. Moreover, they (h) ---their memorable teachers’ role which helps them (i) ---in life. So, they always (j) ---their teachers. 12. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board - 2019] prepared claim memorize develop command help do thinking make exercise Most of the students of our country are expert in (a) ---answers. They do not (b) ---notes themselves. They get them (c) ---by their tutors. Their tutors (d) ---their brain for the students. So, the (e) ---power of the students does not (f) ---. They do not have any (g) ---of their language. They, of course, (h) ---well in the examination. But for this, they can (i) ---no credit of their own. This result does not (j) ---them in their later life. 13. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Sylhet Board 2019;Jashore Board 2016] engage do face be help solve make try create At present Bangladesh (a) ---unemployment problem. This problem already (b) ---an alarming dimension. The government (c) ---to cope with this problem. But this problem cannot be (d) ---without (e) ---. the unemployment skillful. So, education (f) ---a must. It (g) ---a man to get a job. Job does, not mean (h) ---official work only. Self-employment is a solution of this problem. It means (i) ---oneself in economic activities. The government is giving financial help and training to the educated youths with a view to (j) ---them self-reliant. 14. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Barishal Board-2019] work confine emerge find earn be bring give Over the last ten years or so, the garments industries have (a) ---as the largest foreign currency earning sector. Hundreds of garments factories have (b) ---set up throughout the country. The most remarkable characteristic of the garments industries (c) ---the revolutionary change that has (d) ---in the lives of thousands of poor women across the country. Women who (e) ---to the household work suddenly (f) ---a new way of earning. A job at a garments factory (g) ---a woman not only a steady income but also independence and dignity. In a garments factory most of the workers have to (h) ---above ten hours a day. But still the women working here (i) ---happy as they think they are (j) ---their own living. 15. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2019] feel wash do want get notice take give pick climb One day Mina and her parrot, Mithu (a) ---a tall tree to pick a mango. She (b) ---the mango and (c) ---it to her mother. Although Mina had picked the mango, her mother (d) ---the largest share of the fruit to Raju. Mina (e)---very disappointed. At dinner Mina (f) ---that Raju as usual (g) ---an egg but she (h) ---not. Mithu was not pleased to see that. Mother (i) ---to see if the children (j) ---their hands before they started eating. 16. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2019] allow pass treat depend be do increase earn secure take Adult allowance (a)---a noble programme initiated by the present government. In most of the developed countries of the world this kind of programmed is (b) ---by the government. The government should pursue that their old age is (c) ---and comfortable. But in our country the adult are (d) ---on their own sons or daughters. The adult lose the ability to work and (e) ---at this age. They (f) ---offensively by their own issues. They have to (g) ---their days depend on others. The allowance should be (h) ---and the true needy (i) ---to have this allowance. It is expected that the local leader (j) ---their duty impartially to select the right person for this purpose. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2018 17. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018] promise contain be return finish agree want ask refuse compose One day the great poet Ferdousi (a) ---by Sulatan Mahmood to (b)---Shahanama in honor of the Sultan. The Sultan (c) ---to pay Ferdousi a gold coin for each verse. Ferdousi (d) ---the writing and it (e) ---found (f) ---sixty thousand verses. Now Sultan (g) ---to pay sixty thousand gold coins. He (h) ---to pay silver coins instead of gold coins. The poet (i) ---to take silver coins and (j) ---to his village. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2017 18. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2017] manage invent rescue give run acquire teach work print go Edison never (a) ---to school. All education that he ever got (b) ---to him by his mother. At the age of twelve, he was put to (c) ---on a railway. Having a great deal to do with newspapers, he (d) --- to pick up the art of (e) ---and he printed a newspaper of his own named “The Weekly herald”. One day he (f) ---a station master’s child which was nearly (g) ---over by a train. The station-master out of gratitude, (h) ---him how to use the telegraph. Young Edison soon (i) --- great skill at the telegraph. When only twenty, Edison (j) ---a new telegraph which was extremely useful. 19. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2017] prepare maintain form succeed get influence should use be call Student life (a) ---a golden season of life. This (b) ---the time when we should (c) ---ourselves for future. The very habits (d) --- in the student (c) ---the later phases of life. Right from the student life, they (f) ---be careful in (g) ---discipline. They should (h) ---their time properly. If they do not use their time, they will not (i) ---in life. They should (j) ---punctual from the very beginning of their student life. 20. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2017] speak enable live See be choose give fail suffer take There are several reasons why friendship (a) ---so necessary in human life. A man without a friend is like a man (b) ---in wilderness. Moreover, it (c) ---him to understand his surrounding in a better way. By (d) ---to a friend, a man can get relief. The advice (e) --- by a friend is sometimes more reliable than his own judgment. Thus, it is (f) ---that friendship is really important. But a man must (g) ---time while (h) ---a friend. If he (i) ---to select the right person as a friend he (j) ---in the long run. 21. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board - 2017] tremble say ask have come cross drown begin know be One day a scholar (a) ---a river with a boat. Suddenly a ghastly wind (b) ---to blow. The scholar (c) ---with fear. The boatman (d) ---him if he (e) ---how to swim. The answer from the scholar (f) ---negative. Then the boatman (g) ---,"Very soon you are going to (h) ---. You (i) ---a lot of knowledge but it (j) ---to use at this moment.” 22. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Sylhet Board 2017] get be refresh enjoy take reap walk avail keep do A walk by the riverside in the evening (a) ---very useful and pleasant. One (b)---not only beautiful sight but also (c)---fresh air. It (d) ---the mind when one (e) ---a walk by the river-side. Bangladesh is a reverie country and you can (f) ---yourself of this opportunity of (g) ---by the river side. In the cities there are parks where you can go for a walk. This will help you (h)---fit. But if you (i) ---it regularly, you will not be able to (j)---the benefit. 23. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Barishal Board-2017] kill have fly get carry put lay bite be would be Malaria (a) --- by a kind of mosquito. If a mosquito (b) ---a man who (c) ---malaria, it will carry away some of the germs of the disease. If this mosquito then bites a healthy man, the germs may (d) ---into his blood and he gets malaria. Mosquitoes (e) ---their eggs in the standing water. If there was no standing water, there would be no mosquitoes and so there (f) ---no malaria. Sometimes people (g) ---kerosene oil on standing water and this (h) ---the mosquitoes before they (i) --- big enough to (j) -- away. 24. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2017] have think try be buy require face cheat Price hike of household products (a) ---now a problem for us. Every day we (b) ---it. Most of our people (c) ---low income are in danger. They (d) ---of purchasing meat and fish as they (e) ---. The price of vegetables is also high. We are to bargain (f) ---simple product. Many times the buyers (g) ---. There (h) ---a fixed price for every time. Then it (i) ---possible to came the buyers free from harassment. Government (j) ---to fulfill our expectation. 25. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2017] dissuade carry go employ work address forbid do be Child labor has (a) ---internationally by the UN. To make a child (b) ---the work that is suitable for a man is punishable. Yet in the third world countries, the number of child labor (c) ---up day by day. Bangladesh (d) ---one of these countries. Though government is committed to (e) ---rich people to engage children in laborious work, things are not so easy. Poverty (f) ---the first impediment in this field. The poor parents want to get additional earning by (g) ---their children in work. Many children (h) ---at different sectors now. But this should not be (i) ---on. We should immediately (j) ---this problem. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2016 26. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board-2016] build idle remember be work lag reach depend lead follow Bangladesh is full of natural resources. The prosperity of the country (a)---on the proper utilization of the resources. We should not (b) ---a lazy life. We should all (c) ---up our country. For this reason, we have to (d) ---hard. No nation can prosper without industry. It should be (e) ---that industry is the key to success. If we (f) ---the days away, we (g) ---behind. The nations that (h) ---industrious (i) ---the pinnacle of development. So we (j) ---them. 27. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board-2016] struggle keep purchase harm go invent build follow be borrow “Health (a) ---wealth,” (b) ---the proverb. We cannot (c) ---it. We cannot (d) ---it.We must (e) ---our body by (f) ---the rules of health. People (g) ---against germs that (h) ---the body since their birth. Medicines (i) ---to kill germs, but we have to (j) ---the body fit by ourselves through the maintenance of the rules of health. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Rajshahi Board-2016] live vary can have want live may spend get is Happiness (a) ---a relative term. A person with a crown (b) --- in a palace may not be happy whereas a day laborer may (c) ---happiness (d) ---in a shabby hut. Again happiness (e) ---from person to person. A beggar (f) ---be happy if he (g) ---a coin but a businessman who can (h) ---a huge sum of money a day (i) ---not be happy. Everyone (j) ---to be happy. 28. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Sylhet Board 2016] lose protect ride become need provide make discover travel be Men (a) ---ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive time, they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places. They (b) ---themselves with simple weapons. Their journeys (c) ---long tiring and often dangerous. Being intelligent, they soon (d) ---easier ways of travelling. They (e) ---on the backs of their domestic animals. They (f) ---boat and used it to travel across water. Travelling, of course, has now (g) ---a highly organized business. There are vehicles which (h) ---us wroth comforts and security. If we want to go abroad, we (i) ---a passport and a visa. If we (j) ---any of them, our journey may be ruined. 29. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Barishal Board-2016] pollute suffer save do look fall become be use throw The other name of water is life. We cannot (a) ---a single moment without it. Water is (b) ---not only for drinking purposes but also for household works and industrial works. Water becomes (c) ---in many ways. The mills and factories pollute water by (d) ---waste into it. Water (e) ---polluted by chemicals and different elements. Sometimes people (f) ---from many diseases. We should (g) --- very careful about it. We must (h) ---for safe source of drinking water. Otherwise we must (i) ---in danger. Let us (j) ---water from pollution. 30.Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board-2016] do understand answer approach neglect memorize read collect prepare think Many students (a) ---their studies from the beginning of the year. When the examination (b) ---they start (e) ---very seriously. Sometimes they (d) ---notes from their friends. Most of the time they get their notes (e) ---by their private tutors. They (f) ---these notes without (g) ---. As a result their power of (h) ---does not develop. If they find any new question in the examination they can’t (i) ---it properly. As a result, many students can’t do well in the examination. If they had read seriously from the very beginning of the year, they (j) ---better result in the examinations. 31. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board 2016] come rank be gift give has earn live contribute cluster The Republic of the Maldives (a) ---one of the smallest countries of South Asia. It (b) ---1199 islands that (c) ---into 26 major atolls. People who (d) ---to these islands from different parts of the world (e) ---here since 3000 years ago. The natural beauties (f) ---by the God attract the tourists to enjoy them. As a result, a lot of foreign currencies (g) ---every year from the tourism that (h) ---a lot to the national economy. So, the Maldives (i) ---as the best tourist destination. Special importance (j) ---by the government of the Maldives for the enhancement of tourism. SSC Right Form of Verbs all board 2015 32. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dhaka Board - 2015] take work come dominate confine be need keep come contribute Today women are playing an important role in all spheres of life. Once they were (a) ---by men. They are no longer (b) ---within the four walls of their parents’ or husbands’ house. They have (c) ---out of the kitchen and are (d) ---hand in hand with men. By (e) --- higher education, they are becoming pilots, doctors, engineers, teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) --- able to prove their worth. They (g) ---much to the economy of the country. Now It (h) ---to the realization of the men that true development of the country is never possible (i) ---half of the population idle at home. So, it (j) ---no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of our country. 33. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Cumilla Board - 2015] overcome rise be enjoy come suffer walk pollute have There (a) ---different kinds of exercises. Walking (b) ---one of them. We (c) ---early in the morning for (d) ---a morning walk. While (e) ---in the morning, we can (f) ---fresh air. But in towns and cities air is being (g) --- in many ways. As a result, people (h) --- from different problems. To (i) ---this problem, people and the government should (j) ---forward. 34. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Jashore Board - 2015] Stand become rain see go cause remain ply know take On a rainy day it (a) ---all day long. The sky is overcast with thick clouds. The sky is not (b) ---.None can (c) ---out without an umbrella. Water (d) ---on roads. As a result, roads (e) ---muddy and slippery. In Dhaka city, the roads and streets (f) ---underwater for hours together (g) ---much inconvenience to the pedestrians. On some roads, motorized vehicles or even rickshaws can (h) ---. The sufferings of the city dwellers (i) ---no bounds. The government has already (j) --- some steps to solve this problem. 35. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Barishal Board - 2015] cause suffer to be drive solve to be obey occur carry Traffic Jam (a) ---a common affair in the big cities of our country. This problem (b) ---the ultimate consequence of rapid growth of population and the number of vehicles. Most often this problem (c) ---in the congested areas where the roads are very narrow. Overtaking tendency also (d) ---traffic jam. Some drivers (e) ---the traffic rules. They (f) ---the vehicles carelessly. Traffic jam (g) ---great sufferings to the ambulances (h) ---patients. Office goers and school-going children also (i) ---a lot due to traffic jam. However, this problem (j) ---to an extent by imposing traffic rules strictly. 36. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Chattogram Board - 2015] contribute come become play keep need receive work confine be Today women (a) ---an important role in all spheres of life. They, no longer, (b) ---to the four walls of their husband’s house. They have come out of the kitchens and (c) ---hand in hand with men in all the development works of the government. By (d) ---higher education they (e)---pilots,doctors,engineers,teachers, administrators etc. They have (f) ---able to prove their worth. They (g) ---much to the economy of the country. Now it has (h) ---to the realization of the men the true development of the country is never possible (i) ---half of that population idle at home. So, it (j) ---no telling that women are playing a great role in the socio-economic condition of our country. 37. Complete the following text with the right forms of verbs. [Dinajpur Board- 2015] be get know sit pass study come oppose do tease Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq popularly (a) ---as Sher – e - Bangla was a prominent statesman. He (b) ---of a respectable Muslim family in 14873. He (c) ---extraordinary brilliant. He (d) ---the Entrance Examination in 1890 and the FA Examination in 1892. He (e) ---his graduation with Honours in Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics from Presidency College. Then he (f) ---admitted in MA in English at Calcutta University. Just six months before the final examination a friend of his (g) ---him. He said, “The Muslims are weak in Mathematics and that’s the reason he (h) ---English.” He (i) ---the comment strongly. He challenged his friend that he (j) ---for Mathematics Examination instead of English. Right form of verbs Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination- 2019 All board Questions 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [Dhaka Board-2019] Cricket is a popular game. Both the young and the old (a) – (get) pleasure from this game. In fact, cricket (b)--- (call) the gentlemen’s game. It (c) — (entertain) us with politeness and discipline. A sense of brotherhood and fraternity (d) – (create) among the playing nations through it. At present cricket is the most popular game in Bangladesh. The English (e) — (play) it here in this subcontinent and since then it (f) – (become) an integral part of our entertainment. Our team (g) – (consist) of skilled players. They already (h) — (show) their performance in several matches. But it is a matter of sorrow that sometimes our players (i) – (play) so poorly that our countrymen (j) — (become) astonished. 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [Rajshahi Board-2019] A poor man was once (a) — (put) in jail, although he (b) — (do) no wrong. After a long time, the king of the state (c) – (visit) the jail and the man told him that he was innocent but a case (d) – (file) against him by some of his enemies. The king (e) — (inquire) privately and (f) – (find) that it was true. He (g)--- (give) the man some money and set him free. He went straight to the market. In a shop there, wild birds (h) — (keep) in cages for sale. He said to the shopkeeper, I wish to buy all the birds of your shop. These birds unjustly (i) —(imprison) and I like to (j) — (set) them free. 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [Cumilla Board-2019] (a) — (teach) is a noble profession. A teacher (b) – –(teach) his students from the core of his heart He teaches his students with a view to (C)--- (give) the light of education. By (d) – (get) the light of education, students can (e) — (enlighten) their inside. The students (f)---(learn) their lessons now as their teachers (g) – (instruct) them. But the students nowadays act as though they (h) — (know) everything. They are not (i) — (pay) heed to their teachers’ advice. But the students must be careful in their studies lest they (j) — (fail) to secure good marks. 4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Jashore Board-2019] Kuakata, locally (a) —(know) as Sagar Kannya (b) — (be) an uncommon scenic spot of Bangladesh. Kuakata (c) — (take) its origin from the story of a ‘Kua’ or well-dug on the sea-shore. It (d) — (allow) a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. The beach (e) – (have) a typical natural setting. This sandy beach (f) —- (slope) gently into the Bay and (g) (bathe) there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. Fishing boats (h) – (ply) in the Bay of Bengal and (i) — (surf) waves add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. Steps (j) — (take) to preserve the beauty of the famous beach. 5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Sylhet Board-2019] When I was a child I (a) —(be) afraid of the dark, and I (b) –(go) to sleep with a light on. Even then, I feared that monsters (c)---(climb) in through my bedroom window. Every sound I (d) – (hear) struck fear into me. Often, I ran away from the room and (e) —(sleep) on the floor at the foot of my parent's bed. Now that I (f) (be) almost twenty, I obviously do better than what I (g) — Idol as a child. However, I (h) – (be) still scared of bedtime. I hate (i)--- (sleep) alone, and I still keep a tiny night-light on. And before I go to bed, I double-check every door and every window to make sure that they (j) — (be) locked. 6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Chattogram Board-2019] Man is a social and rational being. He (a) — (have) freedom of choice, thought and expression. But everybody should (b) – (consider) that he is not the only person in a society. There (c) – (be) many persons in the society and they (d) — (have) the same right that one (e) — (expect) from one’s society. So, to (f) ---(form) a peaceful society one should be watchful to see that other’s rights are not violated. Every citizen must (g) – (cultivate) the habit of obeying the rules and regulations of the society. Selfishness (h) – (not help) the society. Rather it (i) —- (destroy) the peace and happiness of others. So, we all (j) — (think) of the greater interest of the society. HSC Examination- 2018 All board Questions 7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018] If all the children of Bangladesh (a) — (go) to school, the country (b) — (get) rid of the curse of illiteracy. To boost up education, the government (c) — (spend) more money. Subsidies must (d) — (give) in the education sector. Teachers (e) — (need) to (f) — (train) for good teaching. The poor students can (g) — (bring) under “Food for Education” programme. We (h) — (take) care that no institution (i) — (close) down due to political clashes. All concerned (j) — (be) conscious about it. 8. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [HSC Exam-Kha Set-2018] Trees contribute a lot to maintain ecological balance. A month-long tree fair (a) — (begin) in Kurigram stadium recently. It (b) — (organize) by the local administration and the Department of Social Forestation. The fair (c) — (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of Kurigram. It was also addressed by other speakers who (d) — (emphasize) the need for planting more trees. The chief guest in his speech (e) — (put) importance on planting trees so that we (f) — (save) our environment from other effects of climate change and natural disasters. A huge procession (g) — (parade) through the streets of the town after the inaugural session. Various government and non-government organizations (h) — (set) up stalls displaying saplings of different varieties. Cultural functions (i) — (arrange) every night (j) — (inspire) people to plant trees. HSC Examination- 2017 All board Questions 9. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [Dhaka Board-2017] Road mishap (a) — (happen) in our country almost every day. Recently it (b) — (rise) to an alarming rate (c) — (take) a heavy toll on human lives. The members of a family remain anxious if someone (d) — (travel) in a bus. In most cases, reckless driving (e) — (cause) road accidents. The drivers are in the habit of (f) — (violate) traffic rules. Road accidents can be (g) — (lessen) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully. People should be conscious in this respect. While (h) — (cross) the road, they should be careful. Some people travel (i) — (climb) on the roof of the buses and trains. Traffic rules must be maintained strictly with a view to (j) — (control) road accidents. 10. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Rajshahi Board-2017] It has been over three hundred years since emperor Shah Jahan of Delhi (a) — (build) the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife in Agra. Architecturally, it (b) — (be) one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The building (c) — (make) of fine white marble with inlays of coloured marble. It (d) — (have) eight sides and many open arches. It (e) — (rest) on a platform of a terrace of red sandstone. Four slender white towers (f) — (rise) from the corners of the terrace. A large dome (g) — (stand) above the centre of the building. Around this large dome there (h) — (be) four smaller domes. Just inside the outer walls, there is an open corridor from which the visitors (i) — (look) through carved marble screens into a central room. The bodies of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz (j) — (lie) in two graves below this room. 11. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context. [Cumilla Board-2017] English (a) — (be) the most widely used international language. It (b) — (learn) to communicate with the foreigners for various purposes such as (c) — (maintain) co-operation, co-existence and exchanging business information. There are also certain jobs which (d) — (require) good functional knowledge of English. The jobs of a pilot, a postman, a telephone operator, a tour guide, a mechanic, a receptionist of an international hotel, an executive of a multinational firm, etc. (e) — (be) a few of them. Besides, a student (f) — (wish) to go for higher studies must learn English because the books on advanced education are mostly (g) — (write) in English. So, the importance and demand of learning English in our country can, in no way, be (h) — (ignore). Rather, we should (i) — (put) high importance on (j) — (learn) English to make room for ourselves in the competitive world. 12. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Jashore Board-2017] Most of the people who (a) — (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of history (b) — (be) great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really (c) — (help) civilization forward are often never (d) — (mention) at all. We do not know who first (e) — (set) a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat or (f) — (calculate) the length of a year, but we (g) — (know) all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in great cities of the world you (h) — (find) figures of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think that most people (i) — (believe) that the greatest countries are those that (j) —(beat) in the battle the greatest number of countries and ruled over them as conquerors. 13. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Sylhet Board-2017] Jerry is an orphan. He (a) — (come) to the orphanage at the age of four. He (b) — (lose) his parents in his infancy. Then, he (c) — (commit) to the care of the orphanage. He could hardly (d) — (recollect) his parents’ memory. In spite of (e) — (be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality. His inimitable morality (f) — (draw) him close to the writer. The writer (g) — (impress) with him. She started (h) — (show) affection for him. Jerry (i) — (take) her for his mother. He fabricated a lie (j) — (win) her heart. 14. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Barishal Board-2017] Air (a) — (be) an important element of the environment. But it is constantly being (b) — (pollute) in many ways. We make a fire to cook food and (c) — (do) many works. This fire emits smoke which (d) — (contaminate) air. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by (e) — (burn) fuel. Air pollution also (f) — (happen) when coal and oil (g) — (burn). Mills and factories can be (h) — (hold) responsible for this pollution. It is high time we (i) — (check) air pollution. Otherwise, we (j) — (suffer) a lot. 15. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Chattogram Board-2017] The Liberation War of Bangladesh inspired many artists, singers and cultural activists. Eminent artiste Shaheen Samad (a) — (join) Bangladesh Mukti Sangrami Shilpi Sangstha during the Liberation War. She along with others (b) — (inspire) millions with her voice (c) — (raise) funds for the refugee camps. The cultural troupe used to (d) — (travel) to refugee camps and different areas in Mukta’ Anchal. They (e) — (perform) patriotic songs and arranged puppet shows, besides, (f) — (stage) dramas. Shaheen Samad said, “Liberation War always (g) — (be) an inspiration for me.” She sang a lot of songs during that time and now (h) — (feel) honoured to have been able to inspire the freedom fighters. She has the memorable harmonium with which she sang in 1971. Now she (i) — (wish) to hand it over to Liberation War Museum. This eminent artist wants a live performance of those moving songs on TV channel, at least one song in a week and thus (j) — (cover) all the year-round. 16. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Dinajpur Board-2017] In the last autumn vacation I (a) — (get) sufficient time. So I (b) — (make) up my mind to make a journey by Dhaka to Chattogram. I (c) — (reach) the station about half an hour before the departure of the train. It (d) — (be) then a very busy time. Rickshaw, motorcars and other vehicles (e) — (come) to the station with passengers. Coolies (f) — (run) behind them. There (g) — (be) shouts and rush of the passengers and the coolies. After some time hearing a whistle, the passengers (h) — (stand) in a queue before the ticket counter. I also (i) — (stand) in the line and (j) — (buy) a second class ticket. HSC Examination- 2016 All board Questions 17. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Dhaka Board-2016] Football is a favourite game in our country. It (a) — (arrange) between two teams (b) — (contain) eleven players each. The captains of both teams (c) — (lead) their groups. This is the most exciting and enjoyable game ever (d) — (play) across the world. It (e) — (run) for an hour and a half with an interval after half of the time (f) — (be) over. Any football tournament (g) — (arrange) between two strong teams can be exciting. The result (h) — (remain) almost unpredictable till the end because any team might win the other team (i) — (score) a goal within seconds. The referee is to see whether rules and order (j) — (maintain) by the players. 18. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Rajshahi Board-2016; Barishal Board-2019 ] Once there (a) — (live) an idle king. He (b) — (not undergo) physical labour. As a result, he (c) — (get) bulky and could not move from one place to another. He (d) — (call) in a doctor The doctor (e) — (be) clever and wise. He did not (f) — (prescribe) any medicine for the king He asked the king to buy a club and (g) — (move) it in the air till his hands (h) — (get) moistened. The king started (i) — (follow) the prescription. Thus, the king (j) — (relieve) of his problem. 19. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Cumilla Board-2016] Parents (a) — (be) blessings of God to us. When a child (b) — (bear), their joys (c) — (know) no bounds. They (d) — (start) (e) — (think) of (f) — (nurse) and (g) — (bring) up their children. They (h) — (remain) safe under the custody of their parents since birth. Parents never mind (i) — (take) pains for the upbringing of their offspring. We (j) — never (offend) our parents. 20. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Jashore Board-2016] An idle brain is a devil’s workshop. If we (a) — (waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil thoughts will crowd in our brain. Idle persons who (b) — (kill) their time are burdens of society. They (c) — (sit) idle and cherish no high ideal and lofty ambition in life. They (d) — (not support) themselves. They (e) — (lead) an unhappy life and (f) — (suffer) in the long run. There should be time for reading, for office or other work, time for physical exercise, time for recreation and time for prayer. This (g) — (indicate) that we should do everything at the right moment. We (h) — (lead) a healthy and prosperous life only when we (i) — (follow) the routine which we (j) — (make) for our guidance. 21. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Sylhet Board-2016] One night the entire village was sleeping. The boy Bayazid Bustami was busy in the study. His mother (a) — (sleep). Suddenly she woke up and (b) — (feel) thirsty. (c) — (call) her son, she told her son to give her a glass of water and (d) — (fall) asleep again. So, he went out with the pitcher in search of water. After a while, he (f) — (come) back home with water and found his mother (g) — (sleep). Then he waited (h) — (stand) by her bed with a glass of water. He did not make any sound lest she (i) —(wake) up. Suddenly his mother woke up and saw him with a glass of water. At once she (j) —(understand) what was the matter. 22. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Barishal Board-2016] There are many people who (a) — (not take) physical exercise. They can hardly (b) — (realize) that they themselves (c) — (ruin) their health. They (d) — (fall) victim to many diseases. Life (e) — (become) dull to them. They (f) — (remain) always ill-tempered. We (g) — (build) good health and sound mind through physical exercise. Physical exercise (h) — (make) our body active and the muscles strong. It also (i) — (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation. It (j) — (give) strength to our brain. 23. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Chattogram Board-2016] To err is human. If a man commits a crime anytime and repents truly for his misdeed, he may (a) — (forgive). But the man who (b) — (not, give up) the wrong, (c) — (suffer) surely. In the long run, he (d) — (will take) to the land of death. The old sailor (e) — (be) a wrong-doer in his long journey. He committed a crime (f) — (kill) a sea bird (g) — (call) Albatross. That crime ultimately (h) — (bring) bad luck to them. The ship (i) — (leave) in the icy sea. The sun shone over their head. The wind (j) — (drop) down. It was a great disaster. 24. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of verbs as per subject and context.[Dinajpur Board-2016] Many events of great importance (a) — (take) place during the last century. Significant advances (b) — (make) in the field of science and technology. Many European colonies (c) — (gain) independence. The movement for democracy (d) — (become) prominent in many parts of the world. Two World Wars (e) — (break) out in this century. It also (f) — (witness) the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely (g) — (destroy) as a result of the dropping of atom bombs. However, the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) — (be) a momentous event. After a bloody war of nine months Bangladesh (i) — (bear). Now we (i) — (hold) our heads high in the community of nations.

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Grammar, all topics for grammar, grammar for ssc examination, grammar for hsc examination, grammar tests, grammar practice, important grammar for examination. Modals Grammar for Examination Parts of Speech Articles Narration Tag Question Voice Change Tense Right form of Verbs Preposition Transformation Modifiers Conditional Sentences Sentence completion Pronoun Subject-Verb Agreement Prefix and Suffix Prepostion, Articles & Parts of speech for SSC Linkers/Connectors Inversion Degree of Comparison Verb- Classification English Grammar-All Topics Contents Sentence The parts of the sentence Phrase and Clause Kinds of sentence Run-on Sentence Sentence Fragments Parts of speech Same words different parts of speech Noun Classification of Noun Countable and Uncountable Noun Number Gender Case Appositive Pronoun Classification of Pronoun Person Pronoun referencing Pronoun-Antecedent agreement Adjective Classification of Adjective Comparison of Adjective Article Verb 6.1 Classification of verb 6.2 Modal Verbs 6.3 Gerund 6.4 Participle 6.5 Infinitive 6.6 Tense 6.7 Sequence of Tense 6.8 Right form of Verb/word 6.9 Conjugation of Verb 6.10 Subject –Verb Agreement 6.11 Confusing Verb 7.Conditional 8. Adverb 8.1 Classification of Adverb 8.2Position of adverb 8.3Comparison of adverb 9. Preposition Classification of Preposition Appropriate preposition Rules for using Preposition 10.Conjunction 11.Interjection 12. Affirmative and Negative Agreement 13.Appositive 14.Clauses Noun Clause Adjective Clause Adverbial Clause Relative Claus Completing sentences Correction 15.1 Pin Pointing Error Ellipsis Introductory it/there Inversion Linking words/Sentence Connector Modifiers Determiners Dangling modifiers Mood Narration Phrases Phrasal Verb Prefixes and Suffixes Punctuation Question Making Question Tag WH Question Embedded Question Sentence Completion Sentence Patterns Parallelism Spelling Subjunctive Synthesis of Sentences/Joining Sentence Synonyms and Antonyms Transformation Transformation of sentences Transformation of simple, complex, compound Transformation of Degree Usage of English/Phrases/Words Voice Confusing Words Noun Pronoun Adjective verb

Prepare for your HSC examination without clues with expert tips and advice from our college student blog. Ace your exams confidently! Without Clues for HSC (Upper Intermediate) Without Clues Worksheet-5.0 HSC Examination -2019 all board questions 1. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dhaka Board-2019] We all know what a dream is. Generally we dream during our sleep. Some dreams are sweet or (a)---. When we dream something extremely bad, we call it a (b) ---Dreams have no (c) ---They are soft and (d) ---. The dream we have during the day time is called (e) ---, Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but none could (f) --- specifically what dream actually is. Dreams can be extraordinarily (g) ---or very vague. While many theories have been proposed no consensus has emerged. It is important to consider that science is still (h) ---the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams have no (i) ---purpose, while others believe that (j) ---is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being. 2. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Comilla Board-2019] In recent years there have been many alarming reports that the world’s climate is undergoing a significant change. All these reports provide (a) ---evidence (b) ---world’s temperatures are increasing day by day. This increase in global (c) ---is caused (d) ---increased amounts of carbon dioxide (e) ---the earth. Most climatologists (f) ---that greenhouse effect is the likely (g) --- of this global warming. It may harm human (h) ---seriously. This could catastrophically (i) ---mankind’s (j) --- to grow food. 3. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Rajshahi Board-2019] The persona of a traffic policeman has always been a (a) ---one. It has often found (b) ---space and close treatment in literature and other (c) ---. Besides the many poems about this (d) ---character, there is at least one (e) ---where the central character is a traffic policeman. In 1963, Greek filmmaker Filippos Fylaktas made this film (f) ---My Brother, the Traffic policeman. It featured a slightly (g) ---traffic police, Antonis Pikrocholos who is utterly (h) ---to service and duty and applies the traffic (i) ---with unyielding (j) —. 4. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Jashore Board-2019] There goes a proverb that child is (a) ---of the man. Today’s child is the (b) ---of a nation. He will (c) — the country. The whole (d) — depends on their proper (e) —. It is our fundamental (f) — to rouse their (g) — talent. A sound environment is (h) — both in the family and the society so that a child (i) — up physically, mentally and spiritually. Only then it will be (j) — to build up a beautiful and developed country. 5. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Sylhet Board-2019] We know that all species are (a) — for maintaining ecological balance. If one is (b) —, the whole natural environment (c) —. In order to (d) — the environment from being spoilt, we should therefore protect (e) — wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now (f) — action to protect their (g) — wildlife. We should (h) — the earth’s wild (i) — to save ourselves. To be (j) — to animals is to be kind to mankind. 6. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Barishal Board-2019] In Britain road and transport rules are (a) — followed by the drivers. Consequently it has the best road (b) — record in Europe. All transports must strictly (c) — by the rules (d) —by the government. Coaches and minibuses (e) — carry children under 16 must be (f) — with seat-belts. There the law (g) — agencies are (h) —. So, the buses and coaches have become the (i) — a form of the road (j) —. 7. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Chattogram Board-2019] Adolescents (a) — on their (b) —, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to (c) — a wide range of skills that can (d) — them to cope with the (e) — they face and make a successful transition from (f) — to adulthood. Parents, members (g) — the community, service providers, and (h) — institutions have the (i) — to both promote adolescent development and adjustment and to intervene (j) — when problems arise. 8. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dinajpur Board-2019] Diaspora is an age-old (a) —. In recent times, Rohingya (b) — has attracted a lot of attention. More than one million Rohingyas have (c) — from Myanmar to Bangladesh. Their migration is (d) — to the adverse conditions in Rakhine State of Myanmar–the ancestral homeland of the Rohingyas. The government of Bangladesh has (e) — this huge number of refugees on humanitarian (f) —. But these people are a huge (g) — on our economy and on our (h) —. The world community should extend their full support to the (i) — Rohingyas so that they can (j) — return to their homeland. HSC Examination -2018 all board questions 9. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [HSC Exam-Ka Set-2018] In our country, women are the worst sufferers in every stage of life. Social prejudices and customs tend to (a) — their position. When a female child is born. it is not regarded (b) — a happy event. She is not welcomed with the deep (c) — of heart. Instead of being delighted, most of the members of the family think that she has come to add to their (d) —. Even the mother of the female child is not welcomed cordially for giving (e) — to a female child. Rather the mother of the female child is (f) — for this. In most cases, women are the victim of gender (g) —. In fact, the life of our women is not smooth (h) — If we want lasting development of the country, we have to (i) — the dignified status of (j) — women of our country. The government is conscious of this matter. 10. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [HSC Exam-Kha Set-2018] Dream is a series of thoughts, images and sensations occurring in a person’s mind during sleep. Dream is a (a) — of unconscious wishes, thoughts and imaginations. It (b) — be sweet or horrible. When we dream (c) — pleasant, we call it a sweet dream. (d) — when we dream something extremely bad, we (e) — it a nightmare. Dream is meaningless if (f) — is a day dream. But dream has also (g) — real purpose as it is related to our (h) —, emotional and physical well-being. The main benefit (i) — dream is that it produces new thoughts (j) — ideas in brain and helps to clean up clutter from mind. HSC Examination -2017 all board questions 11. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dhaka Board-2017] Rabindranath Tagore was a man of (a) — genius. He was (b) — a poet and a novelist (c) — a playwright, a composer, a painter and a philosopher. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for (d) — ‘Gitanjali’ into English. Those translations earned him a great (e) — in the West. As a humanist, Tagore accused the British (f) — and pleaded for the (g) — of India from Britain, Tagore was highly influential in (h) — the best of Indian culture to the West and Vice-versa. He (i) — himself to literature at a very early age. After coming back from England, he began to write (i) — in all branches of literature. 12. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Cumilla Board-2017] Bangladesh is a land of (a) — beauty. Its beauty is so captivating that a stranger cannot but be (b) — looking at this endless variety. Nature has (c) — showered its blessings on this country. The rivers, hills and forests are rich in natural (d) —. The people of this country feel a strong (e) — for their motherland. They love their motherland from the (f) — of heart. They work hard to (g) — its economic condition and to remove poverty. Most of them toil hard from dawn to dusk to accelerate the pace of (h) —. The progress of this country lies in the (i) — of common people. They are the (j) — of a beautiful and prosperous Bangladesh. 13. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Rajshahi Board-2017; Cumilla Board-2008,2015, Sylhet Board-2005] Sincerity is the best way of achieving success. One can go a long way if one does anything with sincerity. People who are sincere in their work are (a) — of making anything successful. The great men are also sincere because they (b) — that sincerity is the (c) — to success. Those who are not (d) — can never (e) — a long way in the world. The poor people are not always sincere, because they do not know the (f) — of sincerity. If they knew it, they would (g) — good use of it. Sincerity (h) — _ not only to do work properly but also with dutifulness, honesty, modesty and good behaviour. The people of our country are not still (i) — of the (j) — of sincerity. 14. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Jashore Board-2017] Beauty is easy to appreciate but difficult to define. As we look around, we discover beauty in (a) — objects and sights – in nature, in the (b) — of children, in the kindness of strangers. But asked to define, we run into (c) —. Does beauty have an independent objective identity? Is it (d) — or is it dependent on our sense (e) —? Does it lie in the (f) — of the beholder? Thus, we ask (g) —. However, poets, artists, philosophers and thinkers (h) — always in search of beauty in their works and arts. But most of them have a common opinion that where there is beauty, there is (i) — that is a thing of beauty is a joy (j) —. 15. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dhaka Board-2004; Barishal Board-2017] Many events of (a) — importance took place during the last century. Significant advances were made in the (b) — of science and technology. Many European colonies (c) — independence. The movement for democracy become (d) — in many parts of the world. Two world wars (e) — out in this century. It also witnessed the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely (f) — as a result of the dropping of atom bombs. The Vietnam war and the Gulf war killed (g) — of innocent people. However, the emergence of Bangladesh as an (h) — nation was a momentous event. After a bloody (i) — of nine months, Bangladesh was born. Now we hold our heads (j) — in the comity of nations. 16. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Chittagong Board-2017] There goes a proverb that child is (a) — of the man. Today’s child is the (b) — of a nation. He will (c) — the country. The whole (d) — depends on their proper (e) —. It is our fundamental (f) — to rouse their (g) — talent. A sound environment is (h) — both in the family and society so that a child (i) — up physically, mentally and spiritually. Only then it will be (j) — to build up a beautiful and developed country. 17. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dinajpur Board-2017; Rajshahi Board-2013] Sports are a popular form of entertainment. Many international sporting events are (a) — from time to time. Most of these events are (b) — by multinational manufacturing (c) — and business firms. They pay for the sports events in (d) — for the right to (e) — their products during those events. These events are (f) — worldwide by satellite and people all over the world watch them (g) —. As a (h)---, the sponsors’ products (i) — maximum media coverage. Thus sports help the (j) — of trade and commerce. HSC Examination -2016 all board questions 18. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dhaka Board-2016] Hospitality has long been a part of our (a)---in Bangladesh. Although many other (b)--are changing now, people are still quite (c)-and friendly towards (d)-.They like speaking to foreigners even if they have not been (e) -. It is quite (f)- for Bangladeshis to ask personal (g)-about family, jobs and (h)-which visitors (i) from overseas might find (i). However, it should be understood that no harm is (j)--- by such questions. On the other hand, they express a genuine interest in the foreigner's state of affairs! 19. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap:[Rajshahi Board-2016;Dhaka Board-2007] Television has become a (a)--- source of entertainment of the present world. A wide (b)—of programmes is (c) — on numerous channels. Almost every family has a television (d) — today. Television (e) — are not only entertaining, they can be highly (f) — too. For example, television is now (g) — used for distance learning. The courses (h) — by the open university are shown on BTV. Several channels like the Discovery Channels and the National Geographic Chanel telecast highly informative and (i) — programmes. However, watching TV (j) — is not permissible. HSC Examination -2013all board questions 20. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Rajshahi Board-2013, Dhaka Board-2011, Barishal Board-2009, Cumilla Board-2007; Dinajpur Board-2017] Sports are a popular form of (a) —. Many international (b) — events are organised from time to time. Most of those events are (c) — by multinational manufacturing companies and business firms. They (d) — for the sports events in exchange for the right to (e) — their products during those events. These events are (f) — worldwide by satellite and people all (g) — the world watch them (h) —. As a result, the sponsors’ products receive maximum media (i) — thus giving companies international (j) —. 21. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Cumilla Board-2013, Sylhet Board-2006] Air and water are two important (a)--- of the environment. These elements are (b) — for life on earth. They are often (c)— in many ways. Air is polluted by (d) — If we want to live a (f) — life, and water by different kinds of (e) — and filth. We should (g) — the pollution of the environment. Total prevention may be (h) — but we can certainly (i)--- pollution by raising (j) — among the people. 22. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Chattogram Board-2013, Barishal Board-2007] Bangladesh is a land of (a)---. But nowadays the rivers are (b) ---up. So, (c) ---is an urgent necessity for our country now. The rivers carry (d) ---which makes the land (e) ---to grow crops. Besides, they supply us with plenty of (f) ---. During the dry season, we (g)–river water to the land. At present, the (h) ---of water causes a bad harvest. We can easily (i) ---the use and utility of the rivers in our life and (j---. HSC Examination -2012 all board questions 23. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dinajpur Board-2014; Rajshahi Board-2012, 2008, Barishal Board-2008, Jashore Board-2003,2010; Chattogram Board-2009; Sylhet Board-2012] Man pollutes water, another vital (a) — of the environment by (b) — waste into it. Farmers (c) — chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. Some of these chemicals, washed away by rain and flood, (d) — mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Water is also (e) — by mills and factories when they throw their (f) — chemicals and waste products into rivers and canals. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by dumping oil, food waste and human (g) — into them. Unsanitary latrines (h) — on the river and canal banks are also (i) — for further pollution. In this way, various (j) — of waste and filth contaminate water. 24. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Cumilla Board-2012, Dinajpur Board-2012, Chattogram Board-2006] If we (a) — forests and cut (b) — trees, the effects might eventually (c) — us all. If forests (d) — into deserts, what will (e) — carbon dioxide? Then the weather pattern (f) — change and the world will become (g) —. This is called the greenhouse effect. As a (h) — of this effect the polar ice caps will (i) — and this will cause the flood of (j) — areas of the globe. 25. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Chattogram Board-2012, Cumilla Board-2006] Learning a language is (a) — riding a cycle. The most (b) — thing (c) — any language is communication. You learn to (d) — effectively by using a language, by doing things with it and by experiencing it. You (e) — learn English in the same (f) — as one learns to ride a cycle. Do not (g) — if people laugh at you (h) — you make (i) —. You can certainly learn (j) — mistakes. HSC Examination -2011 all board questions 26. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap:[Jashore Board-2011] Rose is a symbol of (a) —. I have a rose garden. The garden looks (b) — when the roses bloom. It (c) — sweet. The (d) — and fragrance of the rose attract all. I pluck roses from my garden (e) — our house (f) —. Nowadays many people (g) — roses. The (h) — of rose is profitable. So we should (f) — roses and only to earn money but also to (j) — our houses 27. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap:[Chattogram Board-2011] Today women (a) — an important role in all spheres of life. They (b) — no longer within the four walls of their home. They have (c) — out of their kitchens and are (d) — with men in all the development programmes of the government. Many women have (e) — higher education and are (f) — as doctors, engineers, teachers, administrations, judge etc. They have been able to (g) — their worth. However, women still face (h) — discrimination. Many girls are married (i) — at an early age. Many never (j) — to school. 28. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dinajpur Board-2011] Returning home can be very difficult. When people (a) — to their home countries, they often find many changes. The (b) — old streets may not look the same. People they remember may not (c) — them. If they go back to their own childhood house, the house may look very (d) —. It may (e) — small and cramped. One woman wrote that she returned to her (f) — and her house was gone. In its (g) —, there was a little, modern grocery shop. No one (h) — her. She was extremely (i) —. It is also possible to return to a place where everyone remembers you. That makes a person feel happy inside; at least you were not (j) —. HSC Examination -2010 all board questions 29. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Dhaka Board-2010] Language plays a very (a) — role in our life. We use language from the (b) — we wake up in the morning (c) — we go to bed at night. We use language not only during our (d) — hours but also in our dreams. We use language to (e) — what we feel and to say (f) — we like or dislike. We also use language to (g) — information. In short, language is (h) — present in our life. It is an (i) — part of what we do, (j) — and believe. 30. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Rajshahi Board-2010, Cumilla Board-2009] Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. It is a (a) — city. It is a city (b) — traffic jam. A fly (c) — is built at Mohakhali with a view to (d) — the traffic jam. To solve this problem, traffic rules (e) — be enforced. Besides these drivers, passers-by and (f) — should honour and abide (g) — all rules (h) — making the city habitable. Otherwise our life (i) — remain (j) — stake. 31. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Comilla Board-2010, Rajshahi Board-2007, Dhaka Board-2005] Modern life (a) — much on transport. We can very well (b) — how important transport is when it is (c) — by natural calamities or during socio-political crises. In fact, transport has made it (d) — for us to reach places previously (e) —. It has (f) — helped the flourish of trade and commerce and to (g) — new knowledge and ideas. (h) — transport has (i) — friendship and understanding among nations and people (j) — the globe. 32. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Chattogram Board-2010] It is happy news that the (a) — of adopting unfair means in the examination has been (b) — to a greater extent. Our students have now (c) — that passing in the examination is not the only goal of student life. But still this heinous (d) — has not been totally (e) —. When an examinee is caught copying in the examination there is nothing open to authority (f) — to (g) — him /her. This damages not only the concerned examinee but also (h) — a total loss to the whole family of that examinee So, our students must refrain themselves (i) — this bad practice. They should also remember that a building (j) — strong foundation must fall down either today or tomorrow. 33. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Sylhet Board-2010] One day a fox was very (a) —. It was (b) — for some food to eat. But it could not manage any (c) —. At last, it became very (d) — and sat (e) — a tree. A crow was sitting on the tree with a (f) — of meat in its beak. The fox looked at the crow and (g) — the piece of meat. An idea came to its mind to (h) — the meat from the crow. The fox said loudly “(i) — a beautiful bird it is! But alas! the bird (j) — not sing.” 34. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap: [Barishal Board-2010] Electricity is (a) — a part of our every day (b) — that we rarely think twice about its importance and necessity. When we switch (c) — the light and the fan or turn on our television and computer, we enjoy (d) — blessing of electricity. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep, (e) — remains working for us driving our fans, heating or cooling our rooms and running our refrigerators. Unfortunately, we (f) — enjoy the uninterrupted blessings of electricity. There is some (g) — in the generation (h) — electricity in Bangladesh. (i) —, load-shedding or suspension of the supply of electricity has (j) — a regular programme of the Power Development Board. 35. Fill in the blank with appropriate in each gap:[Dinajpur Board-2010] Everybody (a) — to live a happy and peaceful life. But what are the (b) — that can assure you of such a nice life? Naturally, people’s opinions are quite different on this point. The factors (c) — be money, power, security, honour, love, health, good family bondage, education, voluptuous pleasures etc. Most people (d) — money alone can ensure all other elements (e) — for a happy life. It’s partly true. But if you (f) — stick to money, you may start running after money. But you cannot live in two rooms, cannot (g) — two persons’ food etc. at the (h) — time. You should bear in (i) — that your necessity or desire has a limit. If you exceed the limit and run (j) — money with endless greed, you will be utterly ruined. Without Clues Worksheet-5.0 Answer 1. Answer: (a) romantic/pleasant (b) nightmare (c) colour (d) silvery (e) day-dream (f) define/say (g) vivid (h) unraveling (i) real (j) dreaming 2. Answer: (a) strong (b) that (c) warming (d) by (e) around (f) believe/predict (g) cause (h) beings (i) reduce (j) ability 3. Answer: (a) curious (b) important (c) arts (d) fascinating (e) movie (f) named (g) manic (h) devoted (i) code (j) severity 4. Answer: (a) father (b) future (c) lead (d) country (e) development (f) duty/responsibility (g) hidden /latent (h) required (i) grow (j) possible 5. Answer: (a) important (b) gone (c) suffers (d) protect (e) our/the (f) taking (g) vulnerable (h) protect/save (i) lives/ creatures/animals (j) kind 6. Answer: (a) strictly/duly (b) safety (c) abide (d) prescribed/set (e) that (I) equipped/furnished (g) enforcing (h) strict (i) symbolic (j) road 7. Answer: (a) depend (b) families (c) learn (d) help/assist (e) pressures/problems (f) childhood (g) of (h) social (i) responsibility (j) effectively 8. Answer: (a) issue/matter/phenomenon (b) diaspora (c) fled/come/ migrated (d) due (e) accepted (f) ground (g) burden (h) environment (i) migrated (j) safely/easily 9. Answer: (a) degrade (b) as (c) feeling (d) suffering (e) birth (f) condemned (g) discrimination (h) at all / (i) ensure (j) all / the 10. Answer: (a) representation (b) can/may (c) something (d) but (e) call (f) it (g) a (h) mental (i) of (j) and 11. Answer: (a) Versatile (b) not only (c) but also (d) translating (e) popularity/ name (f) rulers (g) freedom (h) transporting (i) turned/attached (j) profusely/copiously 12. Answer: (a) natural (b) overwhelmed (c) generously (d) beauty (e) love/attraction (f) core (g) develop (h) development (i) hands (j) makers 13. Answer: a) sure/confident b) know c) key d) sincere e) go f) importance/value/significance g) made h) sincerely i) become j) surely 14. Answer: pleasurable b) laughter c) difficulties d) universal e) perceptions f) eye g) questions h) are i) truth j) forever 15. Answer: a) happened b) occurred c) for d) momentous e) occurred f) also g) emergence h) was i) bloody j) raise 16. Answer: a) father; b) future; c) lead; d) nation; e) development; f) duty; g) hidden/latent; h) necessary; i) grow; j) possible 17. Answer: a) organized; b) sponsored; c) companies; d) exchange; e) advertise; f) telecast; g) live; h) result; i) coverage; j) expansion 18. Answer: (a) culture/tradition; (b) things; (c) polite; (d) foreigners; (e) introduced; (f) common/natural/ normal/usual; (g) questions/ information; (h) income; (i) awkward/ impolite/unusual/unnatural; (j) meant. 19. Answer: a) common/ main /prime/ popular / vital /wonderful; b) range/number; c) telecast / televise/shown; d) set; e) programmes; f) educative/informative/instructive; g) being / widely / popularly / broadly /extensively /also/greatly; h) run/conducted; i) educative /useful/entertaining/interesting; j) is 20. Answer: a) entertainment b) sports c) sponsored d) play e) advertise f) telecast g) over h) receive i) coverage j) recognition 21. Answer: a) elements b) essential / important /necessary/vital c) polluted d) smoke e) waste/dirt f) healthy g) stop/reduce/control/check h) impossible/ difficult i) reduce / decrease /minimize /control/check j) awareness /consciousness 22. Answer: a) rivers b) drying c) dredging d) silt e) fertile f) water g) carry h) scarcity i) make j) economy 23. Answer: a) element; b) throwing; c) use; d) are/get; e) polluted; f) poisonous; g) waste; h) standing; i) responsible; j) kinds 24. Answer: a) destroy; b) down; c) endanger / harm/affect; d) turn; e) absorb/reduce; f) will; g) warmer/hotter; h) result; i) melt; j) coastal/low-lying/huge 25. Answer: a) like; b) important; c) of/about; d) communicate; e) can/may/should; f) way; g) hesitate; h) when/while; i) mistakes; j) through 26. Answer: a) beauty; b) beautiful/nice; c) smells; d) colour; e) for/nicely; f) decoration; g) cultivate/grow; h) cultivation; i) grow/cultivate/plant; j) decorate/beautify 27. Answer: a) play/perform; b) are/remain; c) come/got; d) working/serving/participating; e) received; f) working; g) prove; h) gender; i) off; j) go 28. Answer: a) return/come back; b) very/familiar; c) recognize/know/identify; d) strange /unknown/ different; e) appear/seem/look; f) house; g) place; h) knew/recognized; i) shocked/sad/surprised; j) unwelcomed/forgotten 29. Answer: a) important/vital/significant; b) moment/time; c) till; d) walking; e) express; f) what; g) exchange/get/obtain/collect; h) ever/always; i) inseparable/inevitable/important/indispensable; j) perceive 30. Answer: a) populous/big/large; b) of; c) over; d) decreasing.easing; e) must/should; f) all/others; g) by; h) for; i) will; j) at 31. Answer: a) depends; b) know/understand/realise/perceive; c) disrupted; d) possible/easier; e) impossible /difficult; f) also; g) gain/gather/acquire/earn/attain; h) besides/moreover; i) developed/promoted; j) around/across 32. Answer: a) practice; b) checked/controlled; c) realised; d) crime/act; e) stopped/removed; f) but; g) punish; h) causes; i) from; j) without 33. Answer: a) hungry; b) searching/looking; c) food; d) tired; e) under; f) piece; g) wanted; h) get/have; i) what; j) can 34. Answer: a) now; b) life; c) on; d) the; e) electricity; f) can't; g) crisis; h) of; i) therefore; j) become 35. Answer: a) wants/desires/likes/wishes; b) factors/things; c) may; d) think; e) essential/necessary; f) only; g) eat; h) same; i) mind; j) after Helvetica Light is an easy-to-read font, with tall and narrow letters, that works well on almost every site.

Grammar- articles for JSC, SSC,HSC Examination, articles for ssc, articles for hsc, article practice ARTICLES A, An and The are called Articles. NOTE: Formerly Articles were classed as a separate part of speech: but now they are classed as Adjectives. A and An are called Indefinite Articles, because they do not point out any particular person or thing: a book= any book, a girl = any girl. They are used only before singular countable nouns. The is called the Definite Article, because it points to some particular person or thing: the boy = the boy of whom, we are speaking or who is known: the girls; the air: the grass. The definite article can be used before singular or plural nouns, whether countable or uncountable. As a general rule, a Common Noun in the singular number should have an article before it. Thus, we cannot say, "I have seen tiger" - we should say, "I have seen a or the tiger." But a Common Noun in the plural does not require the unless we want to particularize. Boys love games ; but The boys( those already referred to, or those before us) are playing. Uses of A "A" is used before a consonant : a boy, a word, a B.A., etc. such vowels that have the sound of "you": a ewe, a useful thing, a unit, a European etc. "o", when it sounds like "w": such a one, a one-rupee note. etc. "An" is used before a vowel : an eye, an idiot, an ox, etc. a consonant beginning with a vowel sound: an M. A., an M.D., an honest boy, an hour. Other uses of 'A' and 'An' Generalizing "A" or "An"--A or An is sometimes used before a noun to indicate a class : A son should obey his father. An ant is an industrious creature. A is used as a preposition---He went a hunting (= on hunting). Potatoes sell at one kilo a (per) rupee. I get sixty rupee a month. A is used in the sense of a certain: A Mr. Bose came to see me. A and An are also used in a number of phrases: to have a cold, to take an interest in, in a hurry. A is sometimes used to mean a single or any: There was not a man to support him, though no one spoke a word against him openly. A sometimes means one like: He thinks he is a Sarat Chandra. A is used before other determinatives like few, little, lot of: There are a few apples on the table. There are a lot of books in the library. There is a little water in the jug. NOTE: It is also possible to say: 'few apples', 'little water' but such constructions convey different meaning. A or An is also used in certain exclamatory sentences beginning with 'what' : What a thing to say ! What an awful comment to make! Rules for the use of "The": The is used before: (a) The names of rivers (the Ganga), gulfs (the Persian Gulf ), seas (the Black Sea), mountain ranges (the Himalayas), groups of islands' ( the Andamans), ships (the Viceroy), newspapers (the Statesman), descriptive geographical or significant names ( the Punjab, the Deccan), the name of a country that is a union of smaller entities (the U. K., the West Indies, the U.S.S.R.), the, name of a country that is plural in form (the United States, the Netherlands), name of holy books (the Geeta) and names of the noted public places and important events (The Secretariat , the High Court, the . Senate House, the French Revolution the Reformation), trains, planes and spacecraft ( the Punjab Mail, the Queen Mary, the Skylab). Note: 1.But not before a single mountain or a single island: Everest, Java. 2.We say The Paradise Lost of Milton,' but 'Milton's Paradise Lost% ' The Twelfth Night but 'Shakespeare's Twelfth Night'. 3. We say parliament but The member of the parliament. Singular Common Nouns to represent a whole class: The dog is a faithful animal. The cow eats grass. (Generalizing 'The'). Nouns to point out a person or thing known or already referred to: Come into the garden (the garden before the speaker). I went to the club. I do not like the fellow (the fellow already referred to). (Familiar 'The'). Singular nouns referring to things of which only one exists: the earth, the sun. the sky, the east. Superlatives: He is the best of them. Comparatives, as adverbs: The more the merrier. (Instrumental 'The'.) A national name with a plural notion, to denote a people collectively. Without the, such a noun indicates the language of the people. The English (=the English people) are industrious. English (= the language) is a rich language. The French (=people of France) fought hard. I am learning French (=the language). Adjectives with a plural notion, to indicate a whole class of persons . But we should not combine both the forms. The rich (= rich men) are not always happy. Rich men are not always happy. The rich man is not always happy. But not The rich men are not always happy. Common Nouns as a substitute for the possessive Adjective: I struck him on the (his) head ; He stared at me in the (my) face. (Possessive 'The'.) (j) Nouns defined by adjectives or adjectival phrases or clauses: the black dog; the immortal Kalidas ; The men who came here yesterday are my friends. (k) Some Adjectives and Common Nouns in the singular number to express an abstract idea: Do not leap in the dark. The future (= futurity) is unknown to us. Check the beast (= animal nature) in you. The mother (motherly feelings) in her could not bear the sight. The father (= fatherly affection) in him could not bear the sight. (1) Adjectives, to denote particular parts of things : He likes the yellow of an egg. He entered the thick of the forest. Ordinal numbers written in letters ; but when written in Roman notation, no article is used : George the Fifth (but, George V) ; Chapter the Second (but, Chapter 11). Nouns, to indicate a profession: He joined the Bar or the Church (became a lawyer or a clergyman). The names of musical instruments: He plays the violin. But, he has a violin. The plural names of families: the Browns, the Boses. Proper, Material and Abstract nouns to make them Common : Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India. The water of the Ganga. The is sometimes used before a noun to give it the force of a superlative: He is the singer of the day. Omission of Articles: No article is normally used: (a) Before Proper, Material, or Abstract Nouns, except when they are particularised: Ashok (but, the king Ashok), Homer (but, the Homer of India), gold (but, the gold of Australia), honesty (hut, the honesty of the boy). (b) Before Common Nouns in the plural number, except when they are particularised: Dogs bark ; Cowseat grass; but, the dogs of my house ; the cows that I bought. (c) Often before a Common or Collective Noun, preceded by the phrases kind or species or sort of or when used in its widest sense: What kind or sort of man is he? Man, bird and beast-- all are subject to death. Always keep good company. But we say: The banyan is a kind of tree. Malaria is caused by a species of mosquito. Before man in the sense of mankind, and before father, mother, and baby when a particular one of them is meant Man is mortal. Father or Mother (i.e. my father or mother) says. so. Cook, nurse etc. take no article in the sense of 'our cook', 'our nurse'. Cook has given notice. In many idiomatic phrases: To take root (to be firmly established); to call to mind (to remember); to give ear to (to hear) ; to set foot on; by boat; at night; send word; at home; to attend school; by land; on horseback, etc. Before the words school, church, prison, hospital, college, court, market and a few other names of localities, besides table and bed. These take no article when we think of the use made of the building or object : Ram has gone to school/college (to learn). Ram has gone to the school/college (not to learn but just to see the place). Rabin once hit a ball right over the top of the school (building). They took him to hospital (for treatment). They went to the hospital (just to see the place). Before the names of squares, buildings, parks, streets, etc. consisting of a proper name (either a person or a place): Buckingham Palace, Curzon Park, Rashbehari Avenue. Before the names of meals (as a part of the daily routine): We have dinner at 8 p.m. (i) Before names of seasons and festivals, though the definite article may also be found in certain general statements: Winter is the best time for picnics. The first time I was in Kashmir was in the Autumn. Before titles when they are used in apposition to a Noun : Mr Bose, Principal of our college, is a well known man. Before complements to factitive verbs: Sumit was elected captain. They made him President. Note: 'In writing the date we nowadays omit the and of but in reading that date we generally put them in: March 10th ( The tenth of March) , 16th August ( The sixteenth of August or August the sixteenth), Repetition of the Article: (a) When two or more Nouns joined by and refer to the same thing, the Article is used only before the first ; but if they refer to separate things, the Article should be repeated before each The Secretary and the Treasurer have done this (two separate men). The Secretary and Treasurer has done this (the same man). Write either The first and the second boy' or ' The first and second boys' to refer to two boys. In a comparison, if two Nouns refer to the same object, the Article is used before the first Noun only. But if the Nouns refer to different objects, the Article is used before each Noun: The same person He is a better poet than speaker. He is a better poet than pleader. Different person He is a better poet than a speaker (would make). He is a better teacher than a pleader (would make). When two or more Adjectives refer to the same Noun, the Article is used before the first: I have a brown and white cat (one cat ). When two or more Adjectives refer to different Nouns, the Article is used before each Adjective: I have a brown and a white cat (2 cats ).

Speaking for IELTS, Speaking practice for ielts, IELTS Speaking mock tests, tactics for IELTS Speaking , Speaking tests for IELTS IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING Test format – Speaking (11–14 minutes) The speaking section assesses your use of spoken English. Every test is recorded. Part 1 - the examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. This part lasts between four and five minutes. Part 2 - you will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic. You will have one minute to prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic. Part 3 - you will be asked further questions about the topic in Part 2. These will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas and issues. This part of the test lasts between four and five minutes. IELTS Speaking description Paper format: The Speaking test consists of an oral interview between the test takers' and an examiner. All Speaking tests are recorded. Timing: 11–14 minutes Task types: There are three parts to the test and each part fulfils a specific function in terms of interaction pattern, task input and test takers output. IELTS Speaking in detail A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Part 1 – Introduction and interview Task type and format: In this part, the examiner introduces him/herself and checks the test takers' identity. They then ask the test takers general questions on some familiar topics such as home, family, work, studies and interests. To ensure consistency, questions are taken from a script. Part 1 lasts for 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to communicate opinions and information on everyday topics and common experiences or situations by answering a range of questions. No. of questions: Variable Part 2 – Long turn Task type and format: Part 2 is the individual long turn. The examiner gives the test takers a task card which asks the test takers to talk about a particular topic, includes points to cover in their talk and instructs the test takers to explain one aspect of the topic. Test takers are given one minute to prepare their talk, and are given a pencil and paper to make notes. The examiner asks the test takers to talk for 1 to 2 minutes, stops the test takers after 2 minutes, and asks one or two questions on the same topic. Using the points on the task card effectively, and making notes during the preparation time, will help the test takers think of appropriate things to say, structure their talk, and keep talking for 2 minutes. Part 2 lasts 3–4 minutes, including the preparation time. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to speak at length on a given topic (without further prompts from the examiner), using appropriate language and organising ideas coherently. It is likely that the test takers will need to draw on their own experience to complete the long turn. No. of questions: Variable Part 3 – Discussion Task type and format: In Part 3, the examiner and the test takers discuss issues related to the topic in Part 2 in a more general and abstract way and, where appropriate, in greater depth. Part 3 lasts 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to express and justify opinions and to analyse, discuss and speculate about issues. No. of questions: Variable https://www.babarenglish.com/speaking-for-ielts Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests (70)70 posts https://www.babarenglish.com/babarenglish/categories/cambridge-ielts-speaking-tests-1 Speaking Parts -1 ,2,3 Comprehensive Suggestion with Answer IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 (87)87 posts IELTS Speaking Part-2 (185)185 posts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answer (100)100 posts IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hometown IELTS Speaking Part-1 Festival IELTS Speaking Part-1 Perfume IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rain IELTS Speaking Part-1 Study IELTS Speaking Part-1 Music IELTS Speaking Part-1 Photography IELTS Speaking Part-1 School IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sharing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Markets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-1 Magazines IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sleeping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Smiling IELTS Speaking Part-1 Mobile Phone IELTS Speaking Part-1 Birthdays IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teamwork IELTS Speaking Part-1 Pets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Holiday IELTS Speaking Part-1 Drawing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-1 Writing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Technology IELTS Speaking Part -1 Dictionary IELTS Speaking Part-1 Shopping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weekend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time IELTS Speaking Part-1 Reading IELTS Speaking Part-1 Politeness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Museum IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Help IELTS Speaking Part-1 Happiness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Friend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Dreams IELTS Speaking Part-1 Colour IELTS Speaking Part-1 Collection IELTS Speaking Part-1 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Books IELTS Speaking Part-1 Animals IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Outdoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Computer and the Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time Management IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Media IELTS Speaking Part-1 Litter / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Staying at home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Letters and Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-1 Travel and Tourism IELTS Speaking Part-1 Crowded Places IELTS Speaking Part-1 Stars / Movie IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rubbish / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Borrowing & Lending IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part -1 Computer IELTS Speaking Part-1 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family IELTS Speaking Part-1 TV Program IELTS Speaking Part-1 Your Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Daily routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Network IELTS Speaking Part-1 Artificial Intelligent IELTS Speaking Part-1 "Neighbours & Neighbourhood" IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teachers / Teaching IELTS Speaking Part-1 Newspaper & Magazine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Indoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 House / Home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Food / Cooking IELTS Speaking Part-1 Flats / Houses / Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part -1 Daily Routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Work / Job IELTS Speaking Part-1 Activity Near Water IELTS Speaking Part-1 Town/City Where You Live Now IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-2 A (long) car journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a movie you have watched in a cinema or at home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a person you know who loves to grow plants (e.g., vegetables, fruits, flowers) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a place that you remember that is full of colours IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a recent outing you went on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a skill you learned from an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a trip that you took using public transport IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a TV show that you enjoy. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A activity you do for your health or fitness IELTS Speaking Part-2 A bad online shopping experience you had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A beautiful city you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Beautiful or Handsome Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Book You Have Recently Read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A building that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Change that could improve your local area. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A change you recently made in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Child that You Know and Like a Lot IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country / city that you would like to live or work in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative person who you admire (e.g., a scientist, an inventor) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative project that you have worked on recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Describe a place you have recently visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision that you made IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family business that you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family member you are closest to IELTS Speaking Part-2 A foreign language that you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Gift You Recently Gave to Someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A goal that you hope to achieve in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good law in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good time you had with your friends when went out with them IELTS Speaking Part-2 A happy experience you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical building you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical period you would like to know more about IELTS Speaking Part-2 A home appliance that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A interesting talk or lecture IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Journey that Didn’t Go as Planned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A journey that you disliked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A kind of food people eat during a special event IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Language You Have Learned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A leisure activity that you did when you were young IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine or newspaper that you like to read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Member of the Your Family You Get on Well With IELTS Speaking Part-2 A new skill you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A newly built public facility (such as a park, cinema etc) that influences your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A perfect vacation away from home that you would like to have in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person / someone you would like to study or work with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person from another country that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who can use or speak a second IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who has interesting ideas or opinions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who helps to protect the environment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who made you laugh when you were a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often helps others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often travels by plane . IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who speaks a foreign language well IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you admire IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Person you Know Who is Kind IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you wanted to be similar to when you were growing up IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you would like to meet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Photograph You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Advice You Recently Received / Advice you received at work or for your studies IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of clothing you enjoy wearing IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of good news you heard (from the TV or the Internet) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of software that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of technology / electronic gadget (not computer related) that you like to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of art that impressed you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Art You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place near water IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place that you would like to travel to that is far away from your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place where you read or write (not your home) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A plan you made and later changed IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular tourist destination that you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A positive change that you made to your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A practical skill you learned recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A present or gift someone gave you that you really liked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A prize you would like to win IELTS Speaking Part-2 A product or application that is based on artificial intelligence IELTS Speaking Part-2 A public park or garden IELTS Speaking Part-2 A quiz or game show that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A recent development in your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A school rule that you agree or disagree with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A short holiday (vacation) that was special for you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A social movement for change in your community IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Someone you Respect IELTS Speaking Part-2 A song You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A special thing that you bought at a tourist attraction IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Sports You Would Like to Learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A subject that you did not like in the past, but now you like it IELTS Speaking Part-2 A successful thing that your friend has done IELTS Speaking Part-2 A technology that you find difficult to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A teenager you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A television program that you like to watch IELTS Speaking Part-2 A the happiest moment of your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time / an occasion when somebody gave you positive suggestions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Time of the day You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time someone didn’t tell you the whole truth about something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that a piece of equipment of yours was broken IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that you looked at the sky IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when someone apologized to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when the vehicle you were travelling in broke down IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you are very busy IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you failed at something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got bored when you were with others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got up early in the morning IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you had an unusual meal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you played an indoor game IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you saw an interesting animal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you were given incorrect information IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you arrived early for an appointment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you needed to use imagination IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you received bad service IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you solved a problem through the internet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to a younger person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A toy you were given as a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Useful Website. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A vocation you think is useful to society IELTS Speaking Part-2 A water sport you would like to try in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A website you use frequently IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do to keep healthy IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do when you are alone in your free time IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement that really annoyed you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement you remember well IELTS Speaking Part-2 An environmental problem that has occurred in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An event that you organized at work which was successful IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting /An interesting book you have read IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting sporting event or competition that you took part in IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exercise You Know / Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important day you celebrate in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important event that you have celebrated IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important plant in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important river/lake/piece of water in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An intelligent person you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting conversation you had with someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An Interesting Hobby. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting job that you would like todo IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when visitors came to your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you had to wait in a long line or queue for a long time. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old friend you enjoy talking with IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old person who is interesting IELTS Speaking Part-2 An unusual meal you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Best experience of your school/university life you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Music IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Room in the House IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favourite Person in the family IELTS Speaking Part-2 First day at college IELTS Speaking Part-2 How artificial intelligence could impact the future of work IELTS Speaking Part-2 One of your childhood toys that were special to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Perfect holiday (Your idea of the perfect holiday ) IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some Good News you Recently Received IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some popular influential role models in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who has had an important influence on your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who is a good parent IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone you know who dresses well IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something interesting that your friend has done but you haven’t IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something lost by others but found by you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you have bought and never used IELTS Speaking Part-2 something that you made and gave to someone else IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you own and want to replace IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you were given that you needed IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something you bought but you were not happy with IELTS Speaking Part-2 something you own which is very important to you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 Somewhere you visited which had a lot of air pollution IELTS Speaking Part-2 The Saddest moment in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend from your childhood / Childhood Friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your dream home / A home you would like to live IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Game or Sport /a game or sport that you enjoy playing IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite hobby or pastime IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite season IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite singer or band IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite song IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your hometown IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighborhood IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighbour IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your visit to a museum ELTS Speaking Part-3 I ELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-3 Art IELTS Speaking Part-3 Park/ Garden IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity near or on the sea IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity to Keep Healthy IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertising IELTS Speaking Part-3 AMBITION / AIM / STATUS IELTS Speaking Part-3 Animals & Pets / Wild Animal IELTS Speaking Part-3 ARCHITECTURE / HOUSING / BUILDING IELTS Speaking Part-3 Books IELTS Speaking Part-3 Business IELTS Speaking Part-3 Businessman IELTS Speaking Part-3 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Changes in Life IELTS Speaking Part-3 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part-3 Choosing work & Work-Life balance IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-3 Collecting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decision Making IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decisions IELTS Speaking Part-3 Education IELTS Speaking Part-3 Elderly person IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment Pollution IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Famous people/ Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Favourite Subject IELTS Speaking Part-3 Films/ Cinema / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food / Meal IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food and Eating IELTS Speaking Part-3 Foreign Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Free time & Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Friends IELTS Speaking Part-3 Furniture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gender Issues / Sex Discrimination IELTS Speaking Part-3 Generation Gap IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Historic Place IELTS Speaking Part-3 History IELTS Speaking Part-3 Holidays & Celebration IELTS Speaking Part-3 ideal home, flat or house IELTS Speaking Part-3 Internet / Website IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language / Learning English IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership and politics IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Letter / Email IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media & News IELTS Speaking Part-3 Media / Social Media IELTS Speaking Part-3 Mobile Phone IELTS Speaking Part-3 Money IELTS Speaking Part-3 Movies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Museum IELTS Speaking Part-3 Music IELTS Speaking Part-3 Music IELTS Speaking Part-3 Nature IELTS Speaking Part-3 Neighbour IELTS Speaking Part-3 Online Reviews & Customer service IELTS Speaking Part-3 Parents IELTS Speaking Part-3 Photography IELTS Speaking Part-3 Plan / Future Plan IELTS Speaking Part-3 Politeness IELTS Speaking Part-3 Product you bought and felt happy IELTS Speaking Part-3 Public Speaking IELTS Speaking Part-3 Punctuality IELTS Speaking Part-3 Reading Books IELTS Speaking Part-3 Retirement and old age IELTS Speaking Part-3 Rule in School / Company IELTS Speaking Part-3 Science & Technology IELTS Speaking Part-3 Shopping IELTS Speaking Part-3 Skill which is important IELTS Speaking Part-3 Social network IELTS Speaking Part-3 Socialising IELTS Speaking Part-3 Society IELTS Speaking Part-3 Sports and Competition IELTS Speaking Part-3 Teaching IELTS Speaking Part-3 Teamwork / Group Work IELTS Speaking Part-3 Technology IELTS Speaking Part-3 Tourism / Travel IELTS Speaking Part-3 Toys IELTS Speaking Part-3 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-3 Travelling IELTS Speaking Part-3 TV / Movies / Films IELTS Speaking Part-3 Vacation in a faraway place IELTS Speaking Part-3 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-3 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-3 Work IELTS Speaking Part-3 Work/ live abroad / foreign country Cambridge Book IELTS Speaking Tests with Answer Cambridge Book-3 Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 3 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-4 Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 4 Speaking Test-4with Answer Cambridge Book-5 Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-3with Answer Cambridge IELTS 5 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-6 Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 6 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-7 Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 7 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-8 Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 8 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-9 Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 9 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-10 Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 10 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-11 Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 11 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-12 Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 12 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-13 Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 13 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-14 Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 14 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-15 Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 15 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-16 Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 16 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-17 Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 17 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-18 Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 18 Speaking Test-4 with Answer Cambridge Book-19 Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-1 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-2 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-3 with Answer Cambridge IELTS 19 Speaking Test-4 with Answer I Model Answers Model Answers Model Answers Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers IELTS Speaking Part-3Model Answers Read More IELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening

Best websites for JSC, SSC and HSC English tests and authentic source for IELTS, SAT, Duolingo, ACT and TOEFL Examinations. ALL THE INFO What You Need to Know I believe you must bring your whole self to the table if you want to thrive in today’s crazy world; your personality, your sense of humor, and most importantly, your heart. All of these elements brought me to start babarenglish. Ever since I launched this project, the blog has been thriving and has quickly gained a loyal following. To see what I’ve been up to, browse my site, learn about my passions, and explore what excites and interests you as well. About the teacher My name is Fakhruddin Babar, and I am an Assistant Professor specializing in English. For the past twenty years, I have dedicated myself to teaching English as a second language. My academic journey began at Chittagong University, Bangladesh where I earned a Master's degree in English Language and Literature in 2009. Following this, I pursued further studies in London for two years, enhancing my expertise in English. My teaching career spans various educational levels, including schools, colleges, and universities. To solidify my proficiency as an English instructor, I completed the CELTA course from Cambridge University, a globally recognized qualification for teaching English. Beyond teaching, I hold a Post Graduate Diploma in Management Studies and engage in small-scale business activities. This business diploma has proven invaluable, particularly in teaching Business English courses, as it equips me with the relevant knowledge to address specific industry needs. I am passionate about continually improving my English skills. I enjoy watching English movies and TV series, exploring presentations on Ted.com, and reading English books. Occasionally, I organize English club meetings with friends, providing an opportunity for us to converse and enhance our language skills in a social setting. With extensive experience in preparing students for the IELTS examination, I have attended seminars conducted by Andrew Thomas, an IELTS Principal Examiner. These seminars focused on maximizing IELTS scores through a detailed analysis of test tasks and assessment criteria, and on bridging the gap between test preparation and language skill development. The primary joy in my profession comes from the deep satisfaction of helping others achieve their dreams. Many of my students have gained admission to foreign universities, often securing scholarships. Others have successfully passed interviews for international companies after completing Business English training, and many have achieved their target band scores in the IELTS exam. Teaching, for me, is not just a job but a profound calling. It allows me to impact lives positively by helping individuals reach their personal and professional goals. This commitment to education and continuous improvement drives my passion for teaching English and ensures that I stay updated with the latest methodologies and resources in the field. Whether in the classroom, through business language courses, or in preparation for exams like IELTS, my goal is to provide my students with the tools they need to succeed in an increasingly globalized world. Degree BA (Honours) in English Language and Literature MA in English Language and Literature Certificates CELTA ( Cambridge University) Master Teachers' Training Success stories I have taught hundreds of students for last more than one decade and amazingly most of the students achieved their desired score while some of them even scored 8.5 in IELTS examination. Students comments with their credentials: For any suggestion, comment, complaint or recommendation please feel free to let me know at-babarfeni@yahoo.com

Email Writing, How to write better Email for examination. Email writing for SSC examination, Email writing for HSC examination, E-mails for examination E-MAIL WRITING Before writing Formal Letter/E-mail your are to consider- Do I know the reader? Does the reader know me? Would a personal contact or e-mail be more appropriate? What do I want this letter to accomplish? What question do I need to ask? What would I like the reader to do for me? Have I suggested a course of action? Have I given the person enough background? How would I feel if this letter were addressed to me? How to use formal English . • Use the right tone or register) of language. Avoid everyday, colloquial language; slangs or jargon. Avoid contractions (I'm; it'// etc.) Avoid emotive, subjective language (terrible, rubbished etc.) Avoid vogue words such as nice, good, get etc. Yon should always be polite and respectful, even if complaining. The length of E-mail It should be short and precise. Your address, but not your name, usually goes, in the top right hand corner The name and address of the person you're writing What do To, Cc, Bcc mean Cc is carbon copy and is exactly the same as To. The only difference is the "status" of the message. Cc indicates that you are getting a copy but are not the primary addressee. For example use To for a company and Cc for the Better Business Bureau when sending a complaint to a company. Bcc is blind carbon copy and is hidden. It is used to send out a mailing without everyone knowing the other addresses. When you use Cc or Bcc you must also have a To address. With Bcc you usually put yourself in the From and Ts,. Writing Informal letter and E-mails Main differences between e-mail and letter In general, people use e-mail to quickly exchange time-sensitive information Formal email should initiate the structure of a formal letter. The subject line : SHORT and to the point. The greeting : Use a name of at least a title. Body of message : Short paragraphs. No more than one or two brief sentences, to the main point of your message. A second paragraph might be necessary to reiterate or classify your main points. Be clear about priorities of Items that require immediate action. Accuracy in language and grammar is essential. Signature : That includes your name, official title, company name, mailing address, phone and fax numbers, e-mail address, and perhaps a hyperlink. Suppose, you want to go a tour abroad on holidays. Now write an e-mail to the e-mail travel agency asking him to send you details of holidays abroad. From:affan@yahoo.com To: globaltour@yahoo.com Cc:------------------------------------- Bcc :----------------------------------- Sent: Wednesday, 20th March, 2021, 4pm Subject : Seeking information about a tour abroad Dear Sir, I like to inform you that I want to make a outdoor tour during the coming summer vacation with your renowned travel agency. I will go to Kathmandu and stay there for five days. I would like to start my journey on 15 July 2013 and return before 23 July 2013.1 also like to visit most of the tourist spots there. So now I would like to know the details of such a package tour. It will be convenient for me if you send me an e-mail informing me of the details of such a tour. Hope, you will reply me asap informing me of the details. Thanking you Shagupta Nasreen Doulatpur Khulna Cell phone-019xx xxxxxx INFORMAL EMAILS (Your are advised to write subjects according to the questions) Write an email to your pen-friend Jane who lives in Australia about your life style. To: raghibhossain@gmail.com Subject: My dear Jane, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I could not write to you because I was awfully busy with my programme. In your recent email you have shown your keen interest regarding our life style. Our country runs on an agro-based economy. People of our country mostly live on cultivation. We live in villages. There are many differences between our life and yours. You will be surprised to know that our house is made of clay with a tin-roof. Our men wear ‘longyi’ and ordinary shirts. Trousers and other western clothing are popular among the younger generation and business people. The majority of women wear ‘sari’ and short blouse. ‘Salwar kameez’, is the modern women’s alternative to the sari. The food we take usually for our meal is hot and spicy. Moreover, many seasonal home made cakes and sweetmeats are eaten in Bangladesh. We celebrate different types of cultural and religious festivals. The people of our country are plain and simple. They are very peace-loving. So we live in our motherland with harmony. No more today. With love. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are in UK and doing a course in fashion technology. Now write an email to your friend about various features and your feelings. To: raghibhossain@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored my heart. I am glad to know about your interest in my course. You know that I am in Nottingham. I have into an MA course in Fashion & Textiles at Nottingham Trent University for last six months. I realise here that doing a postgraduate degree in fashion enables me to design wonderfully creative clothes. The course also helps me about discovering my own potential. At every step my course has brought me closer to understanding my philosophy towards what I design and why. My strength of knowledge of the subject actually helps me create new boundaries for myself. Our course is structured in a way to ease everyone into the rigour that is required later in the MA phase. Initially short projects helped me to overcome the problems. At present group projects make us very interactive. Besides, I think one of the best things about being at Nottingham is the fact that there are so many different people from all over the world. Our unique situation enables us not only to experience each other’s culture vicariously but also be tolerant of our differences. Indeed it’s interesting to see how, consciously or subconsciously, we are bringing parts of our culture and heritage and intermingling them to suit the needs of the course. This is in brief all about various features of our course. I think this is enough to meet your curiosity. With love and best wishes. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a river journey you made and the reason of choosing a river journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, I received your email the day before yesterday. I shall give you a pen picture of the river journey that I have recently made. We were three in number. We made the journey from Mongla to Paikgachha. We hired a big boat. The boatman and the oarsmen were very nice people. We had our breakfast early in the morning. We started at 8 a. m. The sky was clear and the weather was fine. The river was calm. It was full to the brim. Our boatmen rowed for a while and then set sail. The boat began to move smoothly. There were small waves on the river. We enjoyed scenes on both sides of the river. We saw many boys and girls bathing and swimming in the river. Fishermen were catching fish. Women were seen taking water. We reached a market at 12 o’clock. The boatmen cast anchor. We got down. We had our lunch in the local restaurant. The boatmen took rest for a while. Then they raised anchor. Again we started our return journey. The boatmen tried to reach the destination before sunset. It was late afternoon. The sun was setting. We enjoyed the sunset. The boat moved slowly and we reached our destination. It was dark all around. A journey by boat gives a different feeling than the other types of journey. It gives one a chance to relax. This particular journey gave me immense pleasure. It will remain evergreen in my mind. This is all for today. Hope to hear from you more. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun; waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend telling him the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother advising him to read newspaper daily. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father about the interesting features of your English course. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, I have received your recent email. I came to know about your studies and other activities. You wanted to know about the system of our English course. It is good for you to know about it because you are going to face this next year. The syllabus of S.S.C. English has been fully changed. Traditional system is totally removed from the new plan. There was much opportunity of cramming lessons for the students. As they were addicted to cram, they were losing there originality. The students crammed more instead of learning. So they became weak in English. The authority observed it and planned for a new syllabus. This system of syllabus is called communicative system. According to this syllabus, students must learn the basic knowledge of English, as there is no opportunity of cramming. The main features of this syllabus is, ‘seen comprehension, unseen comprehension, multiple choice, true/false, completing passage, writing similar passage providing on the paper, and other creative and imaginative writings. If any student wants to make a good result, he must possess the basic knowledge, creativity, imaginative power. Different experiences are also necessary for doing well in the examination. As our country is not so much rich in English, it will sometimes bring bad effects for our students. For continuing this system, teachers must be well-trained. I think that the percentage of passing will become less, as most of our students are weak in English. So, I advise you to give more importance in English. Hope you in sound health and joyful time. With love and best wishes. Your son, Rahat Write an email to your friend thanking him for his birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear friend, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him to spend the vacation at your village home. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, It has been quite a while sine I have heard from you last. I think this was because of the 1st term examination. I hope you have had a very good exam. Mine was not bad and I am looking forward for a good result. The school is closed for almost fifteen days due to the summer vacation. I think I need a few days rest after the hard work of the exam. I was thinking to go and spend a few a days in our village home. With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the bank of halda river. The name of our village is ‘Banigram’. About five thousand people live in our village. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is as peaceful as heaven and it always help me to forget the monotony of the city life. I think it will help you to refresh your mind too. Why don’t you come and stay with me in our village home for a few days. I know you can’t say no to me. So, no more today; looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing a train journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Many thanks for your kind note of the 2nd instant. In this email, I am giving you an account of my journey from Chittagong to Dhaka by train. I hope it will give you much pleasure. It was Monday. I started for Dhaka from Chittagong Railway Station. Two friends of mine went with me. We were passengers of the 1st Class compartment. So in the train I was at ease. The train started in time. In the twinkling of an eye it reached Laksam Junction. From Laksam the train started again for Dhaka. Trees, houses and way-side bridges seemed to fly away faster than the fairies or the witches. Soon the train reached Bhairab. Frankly speaking the bridge of Bhairab was a terror to me. The train was moving in a full speed. Mills and factories on both sides of the railway lines seemed to run behind. At 5 p.m. we reached Dhaka. Thus my long journey by train was over. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend telling him the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Chittagong My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your father about the improvement of your study. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear father, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. I think you are anxious to know about my preparation for the ensuing S.S.C. Examination. You will be glad to know that I tried to follow your instructions about study for the last few months and I think I have started to get the fruit of my hard work. There has been certain improvement in my recent results. It is true that no one knows what questions will be set in the examination. I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject so that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, the rules of English Grammar elude me sometimes. So I feel the need of studying English more. In this regard, I am taking help from the English teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. With regards to you and mother. Your elder son, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother advising him to read newspaper daily. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. With love and best wishes. Your elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your favourite sports person. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, How are you? I hope well by the grace of Almighty. In your last email you have written to me about your favourite sportsman ‘Zidane’ and asked me to write about my favourite sportsman. Today I am writing you about it. Sachin Tendulkar is my favourite sportsman. It is said that talents are not created rather they are born. To me, Sachin is an example of that divine power. He is one player the name of whom will ever be written in golden words in the history of cricket. He is called the ‘Cricketing God’ or ‘Little Master’ for his unbelieving performance. He can bat well, he can field well, he can even bowl when the team requires. He is superb in his technique, timing and placement. His strokes are nothing but the reflection of his talent. He is the Highest run scorer in One Day International cricket. He is the highest centurian in both ODI and Test matches. He is the first ever batsman to score 10,000 runs in ODI history. But there are other reasons why he is my favourite sportsman. Despite of being in top of fame, he always remained as an icon of courtesy. He is well reputed for his modesty and well manner. I think he possess a lot of qualities which can be followed in my own life. That’s why, he is my favourite sportsman. No more today, convey my reverence to your parents and take care Yours, Rahat Write an email to your father about the profession you want to take and why. 07-07-2007 To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear father, Take my salam on the very beginning of the email. I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what profession I would like to take after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to become a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to mother and brother. Your elder son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your friend about a street boy of our country. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I have received recent your email. Today I am giving you a brief idea a street boy from which you can guess the socio- economic condition of our country. Lutfur is the name of a boy who lives in a slum. He is 8 years old. He has brother who works as a tempo helper. One year he came with his father, mother, brother and grandmother to Dhaka, the capital city in search of a living. His father works as a rickshaw puller and mother as a domestic worker. Lutfur collects polythene bags, scrap paper and other materials from different areas and sells them at a shop at a nominal cost. On an average he earns Tk. 20 to 50 a day which he gives to his mother. Their home is a tiny shelter with a sheet of polythene for a roof. They sleep on the dirt floor. Lutfur has his bath in a creek near their home. He usually has his meals at home but sometimes begs for food at restaurants. When he falls ill, he cannot afford to go to a doctor or buy medicine for himself. He once went to a free primary school but unfortunately he could not continue his studies. He had to leave school for earning livelihood. In this way he is passing his days in hardship. This is the condition of our average street boys. I think this description may somewhat fulfill your thirst. This is all for today. Hope you will write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about a woman who changed her condition by taking loan from the Gameen Bank. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your recent email is to hand. Today I am going to let you know a story about a woman which I have recently learnt. I am sure it would encourage you. In the last summer vacation I went to my maternal uncle’s village. The greeneries of the village really gave me much pleasure. At the same time I became surprised to experience the economic condition of the villagers. Two years ago I visited the same village when I found the straitened condition of the villagers. But this time the scene was different. The happiness was prevailing in every family. The reason behind it I have tried to find and the answer was Grameen Bank. A village woman, named Feroza became a legend in this regard. She had to pass her hard-pressed days for about five years with a large family. One day she learnt that Grameen Bank, a micro-credit finance institution was ready to give loans to the poor in their village. Then she became a member of it. She took a small loan from the bank and started rice husking business. With the small profit she made from it, she repaid the entire loan money and borrowed a larger amount from the bank. With that money she started a stationery shop. She also studied in the adult literacy centre. She began to see happiness and solvency in her life. In this way Feroza changed her life. So I feel that the role of Grameen Bank to eradicate poverty in our country is significant. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With best wishes. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your younger sister about your views about female education. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, In your email you mentioned that you are going to participate on a debate programme. I have been happy to learn that your subject is female education. The topic is really a demand of time. Okay, here is a brief idea about it. Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal. Half of the people of our country are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. So our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody ---- male or female. I think you have got my opinion about female education. This may help you in your debate. This is all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Regards to mother and father. With love and best wishes. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him on your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked thier cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: rokeyahossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your uncle thanking him for your birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear uncle, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. Convey my love and best wishes aunt and Kate. Yours ever, Rahat You have a friend named Kamal who achieved GPA 5 in the SSC examination. Now write an email congratulating him on his brilliant success. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father saying how you have prepared for the upcoming exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about how you celebrated the Pahela Baishakh. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. You wanted to know with what enthusiasm we have celebrated Pahela Baishakh. A day-long programme was there which included cultural function and other items. Well, here it is. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers performed with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaration of our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. This is, in short, how we have observed the Pahela Baishakh up to a desired standard. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Suppose you are given a chance to enjoy a free ride for half an hour by an air company. You can choose either a plane or a helicopter. Write an email to your friend saying which one you will choose and why? To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, I am glad to receive your email. From your email I have come to know about your enjoying summer vacation. In our country now we are enjoying winter vacation. Today I will let you know about an interesting thing. I am happy to inform you that a new air company has offered me a free air-ride for half an hour. I may fly by a chopper or a wide-bodied plane. The choice is mine. I think I would fly by a chopper. The speed of the chopper is slower than that of the wide-bodied plane. Besides, it can fly lower than the plane. These will give me better opportunity to observe the green trees and fields and rivers of our country from the air. But if I fly by a big plane, I will miss many of the beauties of Bangladesh. So I have made up my mind to fly by a helicopter. I hope you will agree with me on this point. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose your name is Karim. Write an email to Zahed who lives in Rangpur describing how you enjoyed the Eid Ul Fitr this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Zahed, This is the end of the vacation of Eid. This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. It is really an imposing sight when thousands of devout heads bow down to the Almighty and rise again in unison. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was held in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. We went to bed late at night. This is how we passed our Eid with joy. What about you? Let me know. This is all for today. With best wishes. Yours sincerely, Karim Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun; waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother Nuru informing him how to use internet. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Nuru, In your last email you informed that you are going to take the connection of the Internet and you wanted to know about the use of it. Now I am going to tell you about how to use the Internet. You know that receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Communication of data and storage of data are the foremost facilities in Internet. So it is not difficult enough to use the internet I think you have known how to use a computer. Using the Internet takes nothing more than the ability to use a computer. The only difference is that you have to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If you click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator you will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now you will find a space for writing the address of the web page you want to see. If you write the address you will get to see that page. You can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search information is a system through which you can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Now I am sure you will be able to look for your desired information on the Internet. Let me know about your progress. With love. Yours elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the SSC exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Kamal, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for his hospitality. Special letters Write an email to your friend describing him how to adjust with new place ands new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I received your recent email two days ago. Going through the email I came to know about your academic course. It gave me much pleasure that your name topped the score list of the last test. You have also mentioned some troubles that you are confronted with. I feel very sorry for that. As I know, you have been in England for last six months. So, it could be easier for you to adjust yourself with the mode of life there. However, you have told that the food items you have to take do not taste well. This happens because they mostly prefer boiled food as it is nutritious. They do not like much spicy or fried food for the food loses its nutritive elements in this way. Moreover, they rely on fruit juice and different types of vegetables which are essential for our body. I can understand that you miss the regular ‘bhat’, ‘roti’ or fried fish. But don’t worry. In a few days you have been accustomed to it and you will be healthier than before. Besides, you have also mentioned about your new place. Most of the time it is too cold for you to bear. In this regard, I can suggest you that you should follow the other English people for your protection from cold. Moreover, the loneliness makes you sometimes bored, as I feel. In that case, you should go through different kinds of books. You can also have some sort of recreations which may delight you. Sometimes, you can try to write something creative. By following all these things you can try to adjust yourself with the life of your new place and food. I think this can give you comfort to some extent. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you more. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend telling him about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letters: Write an email to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the SSC exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘K’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. I always knew in my heart that you will surely make a very good result and when I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A+’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of GPA 5. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend to join your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letters: Write an email to your friend Salma about a river journey you made and the reason of choosing a river journey. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Salma, I received your email the day before yesterday. I shall give you a pen picture of the river journey that I have recently made. We were three in number. We made the journey from Mongla to Paikgachha. We hired a big boat. The boatman and the oarsmen were very nice people. We had our breakfast early in the morning. We started at 8 a. m. The sky was clear and the weather was fine. The river was calm. It was full to the brim. Our boatmen rowed for a while and then set sail. The boat began to move smoothly. There were small waves on the river. We enjoyed scenes on both sides of the river. We saw many boys and girls bathing and swimming in the river. Fishermen were catching fish. Women were seen taking water. We reached a market at 12 o’clock. The boatmen cast anchor. We got down. We had our lunch in the local restaurant. The boatmen took rest for a while. Then they raised anchor. Again we started our return journey. The boatmen tried to reach the destination before sunset. It was late afternoon. The sun was setting. We enjoyed the sunset. The boat moved slowly and we reached our destination. It was dark all around. A journey by boat gives a different feeling than the other types of journey. It gives one a chance to relax. This particular journey gave me immense pleasure. It will remain evergreen in my mind. This is all for today. Hope to hear from you more. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Suppose you are given an opportunity to buy a double dicker, bus, car, rickshaw or a scooter. Write an email to your friend explaining which one you will buy and why. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Best wishes to you. I received your email yesterday. In your email you wanted to know how I am enjoying my life in this new town. Well, life in this town is a real fun --- waking up early in the morning, going to school, roaming around with friends, having chat in the canteen and there are a lot more. But one problem is that it is hard to reach my school as it is five miles away from my residence. I usually go by bus but I am looking for a much more convenient method. So my father asked me to choose any vehicle I like for my convenience and he will buy that for me. I preferred a car. I have chosen it because it is faster and much more relaxing than sitting in a bus among a crowd of people. However, you please let me know about your life. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your younger brothers and sisters. Well, that’s all. Hoping to hear from you soon. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about how to use internet. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘H’, In your last email you informed that you are going to take the connection of the Internet and you wanted to know about the use of it. Now I am going to tell you about how to use the Internet. You know that receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Communication of data and storage of data are the foremost facilities in Internet. So it is not difficult enough to use the internet I think you have known how to use a computer. Using the Internet takes nothing more than the ability to use a computer. The only difference is that you have to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If you click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator you will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now you will find a space for writing the address of the web page you want to see. If you write the address you will get to see that page. You can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search information is a system through which you can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Now I am sure you will be able to look for your desired information on the Internet. Let me know about your progress. With love. Write an email to your friend about the importance of reading newspaper. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. I think now you can understand the importance of reading newspaper. So, I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today, with love and best wishes. Your elder brother, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about co-curricular activities of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored the shore of my heart. In it you have mentioned about your school. I wish I could visit your school once. I feel very much delighted to tell you about my school. Well, here it is. Our school is situated in the centre of the city. The name of my school is -----------------. It is a boys’ school. I am fortunate enough to study in such a school. However, the teachers of our school are very friendly with us. We can depend on our teachers not only for study matters but also for matters related to our other interests. Some of them run activity clubs in school. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides they regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. There are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of the students join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which they don’t get in their text books. In short I can tell you that studying in this school is a great experience. Along with the regular study we can develop our other abilities as well. This is all for today. Please write to me soon. With best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note has anchored the shore of my heart. In it you have mentioned about your school. I wish I could visit your school once. I feel very much delighted to tell you about my school. Well, here it is. Our school is situated in the centre of the city. The name of my school is -----------------. It is a boys’ school. I am fortunate enough to study in such a school because it is one of the biggest and most famous schools in our town. It has an area of 4 acres. There are three buildings and a large field in our school. I should say that we are lucky to have ample space both classes and at field. The buildings house the classrooms, the laboratories, the teachers’ lounge and the office. We also have a canteen in one building. In the field we have space for hide and seek and handball. Our school remains very busy all through the day. The morning shift begins at 8 in the morning and runs till 12 in the afternoon with a break at 10 o’clock. The day shift starts at 12.30 in the afternoon and continues till 4.30 with a break at 2.30. We have about two thousand and five hundred students in 25 sections of 10 classes. In class nine we have 8 periods everyday. The teachers of our school are very friendly with us. We can depend on our teachers not only for study matters but also for matters related to our other interests. Some of them run activity clubs in school. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides they regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. There are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of the students join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which they don’t get in their text books. In short I can tell you that studying in this school is a great experience. Along with the regular study we can develop our other abilities as well. This is all for today. Please write to me soon. With best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing a recent fair you visited. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things; toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for his hospitality. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. It has been about a week I came back from your house. Those three days of my life are my sweetest memories. I can’t describe you in words how happy I was there. Your father was a real noble man. His calm face and gracious attitude makes him worthy of respect. Your mother is a kind hearted angel. I will never forget how kind she was to be. Your younger brother and sister were also very enthusiastic. I really enjoyed their company. I would indeed like to thank you for such hospitality. My mother told me to ask you to our house at this summer vacation. I am sure you can’t say no to me. No more today, I am looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Convey my deepest regards to your parents and best wishes to your brother and sisters. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you are Priyanka. Write an email to your friend about the importance of games and sports. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Jane, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I was glad to hear about your brilliant success in the 1st terminal examination. But the word of your mother that you remain busy only in study and you have no interest in games and sports made me worried. Games and sports are useful to us in many ways. In ancient Greece games and sports were integral part of education. It the developed countries of the world, it is still a part of education. Games and sports are essential for our physical and mental refreshment. A healthy brain can only reside in a healthy body. Games and sports helps us to maintain good health. In every game there are certain rules and regulation so it helps us to be disciplined in our life. It develops our ability to take decisions and makes our mind firm. I hope my words will be able to make you aware about the importance of games and sports. I thing you should spend some times in games and sports along side with your studies. No more today, write me soon. Your friend, Priyanka Suppose you are Arif. Write an email to your friend about your picnic in Kuakata. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, My dear ‘A’, How are you? I hope you are quite hale & hearty. I could not write to you because I was awfully busy with my programme at Kuakata. I arrived in Chittagong yesterday and now am writing to you about my visit to Kuakata. I along with 50 other students of our school went there with three of our teachers. The beach of kuakata is different from all other sea-beaches of Bangladesh because it is the only place where you can watch the sun-rise. I can’t describe you how beautiful the scene of sunrise is. Though nature has blessed the place with all her gifts, the place still requires a great deal of care. The transportation system to go to Kuakata is not up to the mark. If it is taken proper care, Kuakata will surely become the greatest tourist attraction of the country. No more today, write me soon. Yours ever, Arif Write an email to your younger brother about your experience of visiting Dhaka city. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ Today I am going to write to you about my recent visit to Dhaka. Dhaka is an old city. It is now the capital of Bangladesh and her principal city. Many things I learnt from books and from the talks of my parents and teachers. I felt a strong attraction for Dhaka and I had strange fancies about the name of Dhaka. But Dhaka remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D. I. T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial Area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Green, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My first visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. I think this description will tempt you to visit the city of Dhaka. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about your hobby To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. I am so so, today I am going to write you about my hobby. My hobby is stamp -collecting. It keeps my mind happy and fresh. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. No more today, write me soon about your hobby. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a memorable day of your life To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? It has been quite a while since I heard you last. I hope everything is ok by the grace of Almighty. You would be delighted to know that during the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare our dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents and love to the youngers. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend about an exciting cricket match you have enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I hope you are well by the grace of Almighty. You will be delighted to know that Bangladesh cricket team was able to go to the second round of the World Cup Cricket 2007. It was possible only because of an outstanding performance of the team to outplay the Indian cricket team. I know you were busy and were unable to see the match. So, I am giving you a description of the match. You know India is a test playing country and has been playing cricket for years. Their batting line up is one of the strongest of the world. They were the clear favourite of the match. But it was our day. And form the very beginning our cricketers kept the Indian batting under pressure. ‘Mashrafi’ the ‘Norial express’ of Bangladesh was bowling like fire bolts. He provided the early break through Bangladesh needed. We thought spinners will give away the match as Indians have a reputation of playing spin bowling well. But our spinners showed some magic! They proved they were world class bowlers. India was all out only in 198 runs. But still it was a lost task to do. The task was made easy by a teen-star Tamim Iqbal with his blasted batting. He surely reminded ‘Tendulkar’ about his early days. Some quick wickets made us tensed but ‘Sakib-al-Hasan’ was there to ensure the victory. Bangladesh won the match comprehensively by 5 wickets. It was a boost of joy in Bangladesh. We all went out to the street at mid night dancing and singing to celebrate the victory. Really it was one of the greatest victory of Bangladesh cricket. No more today, take care of your health and write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend inviting him to spend the vacation at your village home. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, It has been quite a while sine I have heard from you last. I think this was because of the 1st term examination. I hope you have had a very good exam. Mine was not bad and I am looking forward for a good result. The school is closed for almost fifteen days due to the summer vacation. I think I need a few days rest after the hard work of the exam. I was thinking to go and spend a few a days in our village home. With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the bank of halda river. The name of our village is ‘Banigram’. About five thousand people live in our village. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is as peaceful as heaven and it always help me to forget the monotony of the city life. I think it will help you to refresh your mind too. Why don’t you come and stay with me in our village home for a few days. I know you can’t say no to me. So, no more today; looking forward for your email to know when you are coming. Your friend, Rahat Suppose you have a friend named Kamal who lives in Chittagong. Now write an email to your friend inviting him to your birthday party To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fourteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come at least one day early. No more now. More when we meet. Take my best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about the procedures of opening a bank account. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, It is 15th instant that I have got your email. In it I have come to know that you have got your scholarship money recently and with that money you want to open a bank account. Okay, it’s a good idea that you are not wasting your money lavishly. Now I am going to give you a brief description of opening a bank account. Well, here it is. Opening a bank account is quite easy. You have to make a contact with the nearest bank. There is a provision of an application form. First, you have to fill in the form. Secondly, you are to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which you have to put your specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then you are given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last you require a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus you can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. I think this would serve your purpose. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your friend describing a recent fair of your village To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things ---- toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about how to improve his English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email is to my hand. Going through the email I came to know that you are now very much interested about learning English and you are facing some difficulties in learning the language. As a friend I think it is my duty to say a few words regarding the matter. Many people, even students, think that English is a difficult language for them to learn. For this they become failure to some extent before they start learning the language. However, there is no reason of thinking that English is tough enough to learn. Again it is seen that many people do not know how to succeed in learning English by following some ways. Here I would like to mention some tips for the learners of English, like you. The success of learning English depends on reading, writing, speaking and hearing. A person who is able to read, write, speak and hear English well is an expert in English. A learner of English should first acquire knowledge of tense, sentence, part of speech, and preposition. Then he should learn words to enrich his English vocabulary. Then he should try to speak English. In this regard he should become fluent and should not care for whether he speaks correctly or wrongly. At this stage he should watch English news, read English newspapers, and any other writings in English. Thirdly he should try to write English correctly. And it may be believed that he would be able to write correct English. Finally he should give his try to hearing. And for this purpose, he should listen to English news channels such as, BBC, CNN as much as he can. If a learner follows this method, I believe, he must be successful in learning English well. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a picnic you have recently enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. In it you expressed your inability to join us in the picnic. You also wanted to know my experience in the picnic. Here is a short description of the same. We selected Sonargaon for the picnic spot. We were about thirty-five in number including one of our teachers. We reached there by bus at 9 a.m. with all necessary utensils and materials. After reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast by 9.30 a.m. We had a cook with us. He became busy with cooking. We helped him in different works. Some were cooking, some were singing, some were cutting jokes and others were playing different types of games. At about 2 p.m. the lunch was ready. By this time all of us became very hungry. All of us took our lunch with full appetite. After lunch we went out for sight seeing. You know Sonargaon is a place of historical interest. It was once the capital of Bengal. The museum of Sonargaon charmed us most. We started for home at 5 p.m. after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and the day will ever be remembered. What a pleasure it would have been if you had been in the midst of us! Really, we missed you very much. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother about not to adopt unfair means in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘N’ Your email is to hand. From your email I have come to know that your examination is knocking at the door. I do not know how you have prepared yourself for the ensuing examination. This examination is very important as your life will be moulded according to the results of this examination Examinations are nothing but evaluation of your knowledge, how well you have learnt your lessons. But some students take the examination in a different way. They want to secure good marks by adopting unfair means in the examination. The whole year they neglect their studies and are inattentive to the class lectures. At the time of examination, they depend on copying or asking answers from their friends in the examination hall. They think that they gain in this way. But they actually gain nothing. First of all, they do not attain any knowledge. They violate the discipline of the examination. They spoil the sanctity of an educational institution. They are looked down upon by all in the society. I know, ‘N’ that you are regular in your studies and will not be tempted to adopt any unfairmeans in the examination hall. No more today. Love to you. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your father asking for money to buy some new books. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Father, I received your email a few days back. I was very busy with my class tests that I could not reply you in time. Now I am very busy with my studies. I am trying to do a brilliant result in the ensuing examination. I have to buy a few books. I need some books, which will cost me take seven hundred. I need grammar books in English as well as in Bengali. I also require two other reference books on Science/Physics and Chemistry. Father, I am very sorry to annoy you. But without these books I cannot expect to obtain good marks in the ensuing examination. I am getting on well with my studies and health. Regards to you and mother, love to the youngers. Your son, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the annual sports day of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your pen-friend about the food habit of the people of your country. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your younger brother about how to adjust with new place and new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear brother ‘A’, I received your recent email two days ago. Going through the email I came to know about your academic course. It gave me much pleasure that your name topped the score list of the last test. You have also mentioned some troubles that you are confronted with. I feel very sorry for that. As I know, you have been in England for last six months. So, it could be easier for you to adjust yourself with the mode of life there if you follow my advice. However, you have told that the food items you have to take do not taste well. This happens because they mostly prefer boiled food as it is nutritious. They do not like much spicy or fried food for the food loses its nutritive elements in this way. Moreover, they rely on fruit juice and different types of vegetables which are essential for our body. I can understand that you miss the regular ‘bhat’, ‘roti’ or fried fish. But don’t worry. In a few days you have been accustomed to it and you will be healthier than before. Besides, you have also mentioned about your new place. Most of the time it is too cold for you to bear. In this regard, I can suggest you that you should follow the other English people for your protection from cold. Moreover, the loneliness makes you sometimes bored, as I feel. In that case, you should go through different kinds of books. You can also have some sort of recreations which may delight you. Sometimes, you can try to write something creative. By following all these things you can try to adjust yourself with the life of your new place and food. I think this can give you comfort to some extent. This is all for today. Hoping to hear from you more. Your elder brother, Rahat Write an email to your friend about an exciting cricket match you have enjoyed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I hope you are well by the grace of Almighty. You will be delighted to know that Bangladesh cricket team was able to go to the second round of the World Cup Cricket 2007. It was possible only because of an outstanding performance of the team to outplay the Indian cricket team. I know you were busy and were unable to see the match. So, I am giving you a description of the match. You know India is a test playing country and has been playing cricket for years. Their batting line up is one of the strongest of the world. They were the clear favourite of the match. But it was our day. And form the very beginning our cricketers kept the Indian batting under pressure. ‘Mashrafi’ the ‘Norial express’ of Bangladesh was bowling like fire bolts. He provided the early break through Bangladesh needed. We thought spinners will give away the match as Indians have a reputation of playing spin bowling well. But our spinners showed some magic! They proved they were world class bowlers. India was all out only in 198 runs. But still it was a lost task to do. The task was made easy by a teen-star Tamim Iqbal with his blasted batting. He surely reminded ‘Tendulkar’ about his early days. Some quick wickets made us tensed but ‘Sakib-al-Hasan’ was there to ensure the victory. Bangladesh won the match comprehensively by 5 wickets. It was a boost of joy in Bangladesh. We all went out to the street at mid night dancing and singing to celebrate the victory. Really it was one of the greatest victory of Bangladesh cricket. No more today, take care of your health and write me soon. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to you friend about your visit to a place of historic interest To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note anchored my heart. I am getting on well with my studies. Today I am going to write to you about the excursion which we have recently made from our school. Our school authority has decided to make a short trip to Bagerhat. Accordingly we did it. It is a place of historical in Bangladesh. By train I reached Bagerhat. I hired a rickshaw and went to visit the Shat Gambuj Mosque. During our visit to that historical place, we have come to know about many interesting things. The mosque was built in 1440 by Khan Jahan Ali, a preacher of Islam. The area of Shat Gambuj Mosque is very big. The mosque is beautifully decorated with terracota flowers, foliage and plain architecture. It stands on sixty pillars. It was 77 domes instead of 60 domes. The inside walls are very thick and flowers are painted on it. It is a work of great art and engineering skill of the period. There is a prayer house which is beautifully decorated. I also visited the largest tanks known as Dargadighi and Ghoradighi near the mosque. I was wondered at the sight of all these activities of human beings in the days long past. I think this description will tempt you to pay a visit the place. No more today. Please write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your younger brother about your experience of visiting Dhaka city. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ Today I am going to write to you about my recent visit to Dhaka. Dhaka is an old city. It is now the capital of Bangladesh and her principal city. Many things I learnt from books and from the talks of my parents and teachers. I felt a strong attraction for Dhaka and I had strange fancies about the name of Dhaka. But Dhaka remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D. I. T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial Area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Green, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My first visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. I think this description will tempt you to visit the city of Dhaka. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your pen-friend about your hobby To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My Dear ‘A’ I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. I am so so, today I am going to write you about my hobby. My hobby is stamp -collecting. It keeps my mind happy and fresh. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. No more today, write me soon about your hobby. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your friend about a memorable day of your life To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, How are you? It has been quite a while since I heard you last. I hope everything is ok by the grace of Almighty. You would be delighted to know that during the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare our dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents and love to the youngers. Your friend, Rahat Write an email to your friend about the last prize giving day of your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your mother about your preparation of the coming SSC exam . To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear Mom and Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing SSC examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend thanking him for your birthday present. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Chittagong. Dear ‘A’, My birthday passed off smoothly and happily yesterday. But we all missed you so much. I received your kind email and charming present just in time. I can realise how much you love me and why you could not come, though you tried your best to do so. Believe me, my dear friend, of all the presents I have got yours is the loveliest. The book you sent me is really praiseworthy. I have long been in need of this book and it has come from you. It would be really very useful to me. I heartily thank you for this charming present and I shall keep it as a token of your deep love for me. I shall tell you all about my birthday in my next email. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, Rahat Write an email to your father telling him how have you prepared for the coming SSC examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Father, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing S.S.C. Examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. With regards to you and mother. Your elder daughter, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing a recent book fair held in your town. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’ How are you? Hope well by the grace of almighty Allah. I am okay. A few days ago I visited a book fair held in our town. Today I am going to tell you about this. The venue of the fair was the Public library premise. Many pavilions were set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc were displayed. The stalls were decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers was drawn. There were also food and drink stalls. Thousands of people came to the fair and bought books according to their choice. The place was fully packed at the evening when several writes visited the fair. I think this book fair has created a taste and eagerness for reading to many people of our town. It also bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. No more today, convey my best regards to your parents. Your friend, Rahat Writing an email to your younger brother advising him how to improve his English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear brother, Your email is to my hand. Going through the email I came to know that you are now very much interested about learning English and you are facing some difficulties in learning the language. Many people, even students, think that English is a difficult language for them to learn. For this they become failure to some extent before they start learning the language. However, there is no reason of thinking that English is tough enough to learn. Again it is seen that many people do not know how to succeed in learning English by following some ways. Here I would like to mention some tips for the learners of English, like you. The success of learning English depends on reading, writing, speaking and hearing. A person who is able to read, write, speak and hear English well is an expert in English. A learner of English should first acquire knowledge of tense, sentence, part of speech, and preposition. Then he should learn words to enrich his English vocabulary. Then he should try to speak English. In this regard he should become fluent and should not care for whether he speaks correctly or wrongly. At this stage he should watch English news, read English newspapers, and any other writings in English. Thirdly he should try to write English correctly. And it may be believed that he would be able to write correct English. Finally he should give his try to hearing. And for this purpose, he should listen to English news channels such as, BBC, CNN as much as he can. If a learner follows this method, I believe, he must be successful in learning English well. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. Give my salam to mother and father, do take care of yourself. Your elder sister, Rahat Write an email to your friend describing the picnic you have attended. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, I have received your email of the 5th instant. In it you expressed your inability to join us in the picnic. You also wanted to know my experience in the picnic. Here is a short description of the same. We selected Sonargaon for the picnic spot. We were about thirty-five in number including one of our teachers. We reached there by bus at 9 a.m. with all necessary utensils and materials. After reaching Sonargaon, we finished our breakfast by 9.30 a.m. We had a cook with us. He became busy with cooking. We helped him in different works. Some were cooking, some were singing, some were cutting jokes and others were playing different types of games. At about 2 p.m. the lunch was ready. By this time all of us became very hungry. All of us took our lunch with full appetite. After lunch we went out for sight seeing. You know Sonargaon is a place of historical interest. It was once the capital of Bengal. The museum of Sonargaon charmed us most. We started for home at 5 p.m. after taking our tea. We enjoyed the picnic most and the day will ever be remembered. What a pleasure it would have been if you had been in the midst of us! Really, we missed you very much. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend informing him to join your birthday party. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘A’, I have a great pleasure to inform you that my fifteenth birthday comes off on Thursday next. This time my parents desire to celebrate my birthday in a grand and befitting manner. I cordially invite you to join the party. We have arranged a day-long programme including the birthday party. In it, there would be a cultural function in the evening. Some renowned artists have promised to take part in the function. So we hope to enjoy the party with mirth and merriment and your presence will certainly encourage us. I will be much pleased if you come and share this memorable moment of my life with me. No more now. More when we meet. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Arif, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know what my aim in life is after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I want to be a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion which would help me more. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to read newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your father who lives in abroad describing what you are planning to do after your SSC examination is over. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Take my salam in the very beginning of the email. I hope you are well by the grace of almighty. In your email you asked me to write what I have decided to do after the SSC exam is over. I am sure you are waiting eagerly for my reply and that’s why today I am writing it to you. You know our aim of education is to flourish our life but education is not all about developing life standard only. There are some other aspects of education and one of them is to increase one’s ability of humanity and sense of social duty. So I would like to take up the duty to make the poor people of my village educated up to some extent. My aim is to set up a library in my village so that the poor people of my village can borrow books from that library and read books of different types which they generally can’t afford to buy. The library will increase the thirst of knowledge of the common people and thus help to spread intuitional education also. To make my dream true I’ll go to my native village and talk to the Chairman of the village and other capable persons also. I am sure they will help me in this matter. I will also donate all the books of my collection to the library. I believe that my plan won’t disappoint you and you will give me the permission to do the work. No more today, please take care of yourself. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother telling him how to do well in the examination To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, My best wishes to you. I hope you are heal and hearty by the grace of Almighty. But you know, I am very disappointed to know your poor result in the 1st term exam. Your result is a burning proof of your carelessness to studies during the first three-four mounts of the year or so. I would like to mention you that it is not too late yet. If you follow my instruction properly, you are sure to success in the rest two terms. you should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity and prepare your own notes which will help you avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. You should revise your lessons frequently. It is important for you to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, you can comfortably be successful. No more today, convey my best regard to mom and dad and do study hard. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother describing him about your hostel life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how I am passing my hostel life. Our hostel is a three storied building. The rooms of the ground floor are used as office room, TV room, waiting room, dining room etc. The first floor is for us and the second floor is for our seniors. Here I’ve got a very friendly atmosphere in the hostel. In my room, I have two more roommates. They are very sociable. Here, we have our hostel superintendent as our guardians. He always takes care of us and always very keen to fulfil our demands. The quality of food of the dining is not up to the mark but somehow tolerable. Here, we arrange a feast once in a month. We collect money from all the students and from our superintendent sir for the feast. It is really very enjoyable in the hostel. But load-shedding and lack of pure water hamper our daily life. No more today, convey my regards to mother. I regret I miss all of you. Your loving son, ‘F’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. . We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘Q’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your friend advising him how to adjust to new place and food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your pains and pathos of dormitory life in England. Here some words from my experience are attributed for you in order that you can overcome your difficulties. This is human basic instinct that they are always afraid of new place and experience. When was in Delhi in 2001, I had to undergo same situation as yours. Then day by day I worked hard to overcome this problem. I read some books of ‘Shiv Khera’ And ‘Del Carnegie’. I followed some instruction to face such a condition. And I was successful at last. That is very simple. First of all you have to have wide knowledge of British living. You must know about their gatherings, clothes and habits, interests and specially foods. You would know that they are fond of sight seeing, roaming in the museums and the places of historical importance. In their leisure they usually, spend their time in parks, some of tem spend time r at home enjoying music and movie. But the most common fact of British life is that most of them are fond of reading. A British spend more than 12 hours a week behind reading. You will get every kinds of food taste of every parts of the world in England, in their cosmopolitan restaurant environment. So, what you have to do is very simple, you please try to spend your leisure in exploring London. Visit their restaurants, museums, and countryside away from London. You can have Indian food items in Indian restaurants. Try to have some British accompany, follow their style of living. And finally after two or three months you will see that your are not detached from British living. No more today. Hope you could mange your living and habitation in London. Convey my tender love to all friends. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Z’ Write an email to your mother describing him about your hostel life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how I am passing my hostel life. Our hostel is a three storied building. The rooms of the ground floor are used as office room, TV room, waiting room, dining room etc. The first floor is for us and the second floor is for our seniors. Here I’ve got a very friendly atmosphere in the hostel. In my room, I have two more roommates. They are very sociable. Here, we have our hostel superintendent as our guardians. He always takes care of us and always very keen to fulfil our demands. The quality of food of the dining is not up to the mark but somehow tolerable. Here, we arrange a feast once in a month. We collect money from all the students and from our superintendent sir for the feast. It is really very enjoyable in the hostel. But load-shedding and lack of pure water hamper our daily life. No more today, convey my regards to mother. I regret I miss all of you. Your loving son, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing a journey you have recently made. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My Dear Arif, Your email has timely reached my hand. You have wanted to know about my recent journey by air. But Arif, you know how exciting the journey was! You know my paternal uncle had invited our family to Calcutta. He resides and works over there. My uncle had confirmed our air ticket before. So, it was easy for us to avail of the opportunity. Okay, here the description of journey is. On the scheduled day I along with my parents arrived at the airport in time. Then we were checked in and waited in the lounge. Next we were given boarding cards on which the number of our seat were written. After sometime the departure of the flight was announced. Then after, we boarded on the plane. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. Next, we all the passengers had to fasten our seat belts. We were also informed what to do in case of an emergency. After that the plane took off smoothly. During the journey, the captain welcomed us and we were offered newspaper and different types of squash. We enjoyed all of these things. We also enjoyed the sight of whatever we could see around the plane. After about forty minutes the journey came to an end. Our plane landed down smoothly at the DumDum Airport. At the lounge we found my uncle waiting to receive me. Then we came outside of the airport and hired a taxi cab. Finally we reached the residence safely. The journey really left a deep impression on my mind. It will never efface from my memory. Hope this will find you in sound health. So no more worry about me. Regards to father and you. Yours ever, A Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to read newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear 'H', Take my very best regard and cordial love at the very beginning of the email. In his last email mother told me you are not interested to read newspaper. I am extremely sorry to know that. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. Convey my earnest respect to mom and dad. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your parents about your preparation for the Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mom and Dad, I received your email yesterday. I am much obliged for your affectionate email and the valuable advice it contains. You are anxious to know about my preparation in the ensuing examination. You will be glad to know that I always follow your instructions about study and health. What I can say is that I have made a fair progress in my preparation for the examination. No one knows what questions will be set in the examination. So I have consulted the teachers of the respective subject that I might have an idea of the nature of questions. However, some problems of Mathematics are still a problem to me. The rules of English Grammar also elude me. So I feel the need of some help in these papers. In this regard, I am taking help from the respective teachers. I hope to make up this deficiency in the remaining days before the commencement of the examination. You often tell me that for success, one must work hard at one’s books from the very beginning and I am glad that I have followed your advice accordingly. I am still working hard, for I do not want to leave anything to chance. Please be not anxious about my health. I am taking particular care of it. Convey my deepest affection to Hemal. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the experiences of your visit to a science fair. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Today I am going to write you about my recent visit to a science fair. My elder brother who studies in BUET invites me to pay a visit to their campus on the occasion of a science fair. Accordingly, I went there and enjoyed a lot. What I saw was a fantastic arrangement of exhibits of all kinds of scientific experiments done both by the students of BUET and by students of other science institutions. The exhibition was being held in a 4-storeyed building. On the ground floor we saw many posters of great scientists of the world like Newton, Einstein, and Prof. Abdus Salam. Some of the wall papers contained memorable statements on the importance of science. The third floor had the most interesting practical exhibits to show. The students of BUET had arranged it. All their exhibitions were the result of their laboratory experiment. One object drew my attention. It was about the optical illusion. A small iron ball was shown to be travelling upward on a narrow plank of board, without any additional help. Later, I realised that the board was originally set with the upside end actually lower than the downside end, for which reason it gave the illusion that the ball was rolling upward, when actually it was gliding down. In the aviation room they put blown up pictures of Apollo 11 making its historic voyage to the moon. A short-film was also shown on the astronauts: Neil Armstrong who first set feet upon the face of the moon, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins. I visited different stalls. I could only guess what tremendous development has been achieved in different branches of science. In the fair I gathered almost up-to-date information about the development of Physics, Chemistry, Medical Science and Technology. Indeed, the science fair increases our zeal about science facts. We feel that we must know more about the mysteries of nature. A science fair has a great educative value. I spent full six hours visiting the science fair and learning and enjoying a world of new things. It has left a deep impression on my mind. That’s all for today. Hope you are in sound health and joyful time. With good wishes to you all. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about a serious accident that you have witnessed. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear M, I know that you are still in anxiety to learn whether I have reached the hostel. Yes, I have reached but with a heavy heart. On the way our bus met a serious accident. I am giving you the idea of the accident that I have witnessed. I cannot still forget the pathetic accident that took place the other day. Our bus full of passengers was crossing the Nawabpur Rood at a high speed when a truck came up from opposite direction. In the meantime the truck could not control the speed and knocked our bus and it was a head-on-collision. A shout of alarm was heard instantly. There was a hue and cry. The front of the bus was crushed. The accident was dangerous. Many passengers were injured and some of them were fatally wounded. I was fortunate enough not to have been injured even slightly. At once the place became the spot of great noise. Ambulance and pedestrians became active to render help to the injured. Many of the wounded passengers were sent to the hospital. I felt very much nervous and shocked to experience the accident. I have been mentally upset for a few hours on account of this. I cannot eat, sleep or rest from then. I think I can overcome the situation soon. Don’t worry about me. This is all for today. Regards to you and father, love to Riya. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend about your aim in life. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Arif, I have received your email of the 5th instant. You wanted to know about my aim after completing my academic career. Though this is really a tough matter to decide, even then I have an aim of my own as everyone should have. Here I am going to tell you about this. I have decided to be a computer engineer. The modern world is the world of computer. Age-old system of keeping record in files is gradually making way for computer based data processing. It is used in schools, colleges, offices, banks, airlines, shops, laboratories, hospitals, libraries. Computer based telecommunication network sets up instant links with any part of the world at any time. Automation has replaced manual labour in factories. In the field of medical, computerised machines are doing wonders. Though Bangladesh is yet to develop in science and technology, she is trying to use computer science in solving different problems. In this situation, I think it would be a wise choice if I become a Computer Engineer. Let me know your opinion regarding this matter. No more today. I am hale and hearty. Best regards to uncle and aunt. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend how you celebrated International Mother Language Day this year. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My Dear ‘M’, I have received your email timely. Today I am giving you a description of celebration of International Mother Language Day this year. This year the programme arranged by our school authority was a grand one. Early in the morning many of the students gathered in the school compound. We, organised by our teachers made a rally towards the Saheed Minar. There we offered wreathes and bouquets. Then we came back to school ground. Before we had a plan to arrange a cultural function and accordingly we started it. Some girls inaugurated the programme by singing the song ‘Amar bhaiyer rakte rangano Ekushe February ...’. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the history of the Language Movement Day. He also let us know the efforts and ultimate declaration of the International Mother Language Day. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of the International Mother Language Day in the national life of Bangladesh. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with a one-act play. At the end it was greeted by an applause. Indeed the day was celebrated with due solemnity. This is all for today. Best regards to you and father. Truly yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother about the importance of planting trees. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘N’, I was really shocked when I heard that you did not take part in the campaign in favour of ‘Plant more trees’. I also heard that you were rather against the programme. I could not understand why a student like you acted in this way. It is really sorrowful when I heard all these things. However, I at present want to make you realise about the importance of planting trees. Trees are the integral part of nature. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, we should plant more and more trees. People must be convinced of the need for planting more and more trees. They should be made aware that our economy is dependent upon trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in village. I think the above idea will help you understand about the importance of tree plantation. So, it is the duty of all of us to campaign for the plantation of trees for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email Letter to your younger sister advising her how to improve her English. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Your sweet note is just to hand. I am really disappointed to hear that you have cut a very sorry figure in English in your annual examination. You know English is a foreign language to us. And our difficulty in learning this language is many and varied. Firstly, our mother tongue is Bengali and that mother tongue impedes the learning of a foreign language. Secondly, we read English merely because we want to pass the examinations. And, as such, we are not taught to study the language critically and carefully, Thirdly, the books that we follow are written by our local authors who are also not very well-up in this language. And there are also other reasons which will make a tale. But if you try harder you can definitely overcome all these difficulties. Trying to read English Newspapers and to watch the English News can be a wonderful idea to develop your English. No more today, With best wishes. Yours sincerely, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend telling him how you spent the last winter vacation. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. You have written to me after a long time. I hope that you will write to me in this way. You have desired to know how I have spent the last winter vacation. During the last vacation, I visited my native village. I had a long cherished dream to do something for the illiterate section of our village. This time I had the opportunity to start a programme of adult education. In our country most of the people are illiterate. Lack of education is a curse, because in its absence bigotry, fanaticism and superstition occupy the mind of an adult and he fails to see the truth of the matter. The illiterate people stand in the way of their children’s development. Illiterate fathers and husbands are particularly harsh on daughters and wives. Moreover, they are unaware of healthy and hygienic life, modern method of cultivation etc. All these things made me think for them. In the last vacation, I and some of my contemporaries together took the initiative to start an adult education programme. We took help from some of the school teachers who contributed their best. We got a positive respond from the villagers. They motivated by us eagerly participated in the programme. We taught them regarding alphabets, numbers, health, nutrition and sanitation. Thus our programme became successful. We hope that we will continue the programme in this way. I think you are also interested to participate in the programme next time. Hope to hear from you. That’s all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the recent fair of your village. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘A’ This is many days since you wrote to me. I am highly eager to let you know about a visit to a fair in our village, which I have recently made. You know that the last few days were the vacation of autumn. So I went to visit my native village. There I along with my cousin went to a village fair. Indeed it was an amazing experience. The fair was full of din and bustle. Immense crowds were making their way towards the fair. The fair was held over the open space around the shrine of a Muslim saint. There were long rows of booths with broad passages between. In these booths were displayed almost all sorts of things ---- toys, cosmetics, knives, whistles, earthen wares, brass wares, fruits and sweets. It seemed to be a kind of exhibition in miniature of cottage industries. The rural artisans and craftsmen brought their handmade articles to the fair. Different forms of amusements were also accommodated to provide a happy diversion to the rural people. ‘Travelling jatra parties’, ‘Nagar- dolas’ ‘Circus parties’ etc were showing their feats and performances. A magician too was found under a small tent ready to show his tricks to the people against small sum. But the largest crowd gathered around the place where jugglers exhibited their feats. After visiting the fair I realised that the fair really inspired the skilled hands of cottage industries and helped the farmers by building their economy. It was a means of recreation, change and social get-together of the village people. The experience of visiting the fair is really engraved in my heart for long. That’s all for today. Hope to hear from you. With best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing a train journey you have recently made. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, Many thanks for your kind note of the 2nd instant. In this email, I am giving you an account of my journey from Chittagong to Dhaka by train. I hope it will give you much pleasure. It was Monday. I started for Dhaka from Chittagong Railway Station. Two friends of mine went with me. We were passengers of the 1st Class compartment. So in the train I was at ease. The train started in time. In the twinkling of an eye it reached Laksam Junction. From Laksam the train started again for Dhaka. Trees, houses and way-side bridges seemed to fly away faster than the fairies or the witches. Soon the train reached Bhairab. Frankly speaking the bridge of Bhairab was a terror to me. The train was moving in a full speed. Mills and factories on both sides of the railway lines seemed to run behind. At 5 p.m. we reached Dhaka. Thus my long journey by train was over. This is all for today. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing what you are planning to do after your SSC examination is over. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear A, How are you? In your email you wrote me what you have decided to do after the SSC exam is over. I am sure you are keen to know my plan also and that’s why today I am writing it to you. You know our aim of education is to flourish our life but education is not all about developing life standard only. There are some other aspects of education and one of them is to increase one’s ability of humanity and sense of social duty. So I would like to take up the duty to make the poor people of my village educated up to some extent. My aim is to set up a library in my village so that the poor people of my village can borrow books from that library and read books of different types which they generally can’t afford to buy. The library will increase the thirst of knowledge of the common people and thus help to spread intuitional education also. To make my dream true I’ll go to my native village and talk to the Chairman of the village and other capable persons also. I am sure they will help me in this matter. I will also donate all the books of my collection to the library. My father has already given me his kind permission and acceptance about the matter. No more today, convey my best regard to your parents. Yours, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Write an email to your younger brother telling him about how to do well in the exam. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, Your last email came to my hand timely. I came to know many things about your studies and daily life. I appreciate your concern regarding your ensuing examination. I should like to advise you especially in this matter. It might be helpful for your exam. You know that every work needs a strategy to be followed. It has been said that about 50 percent of your chances of success relate to your examination skill rather than to your subject knowledge. So, to do well in the exam you have no other choice than to be skilful. You need to check and double-check your exam dates and times. You are to follow the restrictions about the things you can carry to the examination hall. In the examination hall you have to budget your time so that no answer can be missed. In this regard you are to avoid elaborating answers. Before attempting to answer it is safe to have a good idea all over the question. Sometimes you may find difficult questions. Don’t worry. Take it as they come. Give time to plan your answer for each question. Again, it is useful half way through writing the answer, to check back that you are doing what you should. Make your answer legible. This is the way through which you can perform well in the examination. I think you will follow my advice and will make a great result. No more today. Hope this will find you in a sound health and joyful time. Write to me soon. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Suppose one of your friends is in England for six months. She is having troubles with the new place and new food. Writer an email to your friend advising her on how to adjust to the new place and new food. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear X, Hope you are will in Almighty’s blessings. I received your email few days ago. You wrote about your problems of food and place in England. I am also anxious like you and I think every problem has a solution. I am writing some words about your problems. England is a wonderful country having its own culture, tastes values etc. Their food hobbit are different from us. It is very natural that it takes time to get accustomed to new environment. But time will help you to be used to such hobbits. England foods are rich in food value. I think after a period of time you will enjoy the foods. Again you are facing some problems with the new place. As a new comer in England you have to adjust with the new society, weather, culture. Try to have some good friends who can advises / help you in all respects. I hope you will overcome these problems soon. In course of time every thing will be under your control. No more today. Sincerely yours ‘Y’ Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked thier cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Imagine that you’ve a pen-friend in America. She wishes know about your school. Now write an email to her informing about various aspects of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear X, I am very glad to receive your email yesterday. You wanted to know about our school. Today I am writing to you about this. The name of was school is Dr. Khastogir Girls High School. It is situated in the middle of the city. It is the most famous school of the city. It was founded in 1907. After the name of Dr. Khastogir the school was named. The school has an area of 3 acres. The L shaped three storied building has 30 rooms in it. Of them one is for the headmaster, two rooms for two assistant headmasters and one for the office. 20 rooms are used as classrooms. The classrooms are fairly large and well furnished with a wide veranda. There is a spacious room where the teachers sit and take rest and do other jobs during their off periods. It has also a library room with an adequate number of books on various subjects. Besides of these rooms, it has an auditorium and a science laboratory. Our classes begin at 10.00 in the morning and breaks at 4.30 in the afternoon with a break at 1.00 pm. We have seven periods each day. There are about one thousand students in different classes. It is well staffed with an efficient and experienced headmaster. The school also offers us the facilities to take part in debates, music and other cultural activities. The school has a good reputation for its results. I fact proud of being a student of this distinguished school. Sincerely yours, ‘Y’ Imagine that you had a meal at a chinese restaurant for the first time. Now write an email to your friend describing the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘N’, How are the things going with you? I have been trying to get hold of you for about two weeks but failed to get connected with you. Hope you are in the pink of health. Anyway the day before yesterday I had a bit weird but pleasant experience of taking food in a restaurant. Honestly speaking, I never had the experience of taking food in a Chinese restaurant before. It was the first time. So quite usually I was a bit confused. I along with one of my friends went to the Nightingale restaurant. We took our seats. After sometime a waiter came with the menu. As I didn’t have the familiarity with these kinds of food, I was in a fix. My friend was experienced. He helped me to choose some of the items of the menu. We waited for about 20 minutes. Then the foods arrived. I took soup and French fry. The taste was a bit confusing. Possibly it was the first time. That’s why the taste was like that to me. But it is undeniably true that at the end I enjoyed the taste. After taking our meal we waited for about 10 minutes. The waiter delivered the bill. The foods were expensive. But the cool air, the romantic setting as well as the surrounding everything was pleasant to me. The experience was peculiar but sweet to remember. Anyway, we didn’t forget to give tips to the waiter because of his gentle and meek conduct. No more today. Catch you later. Let me conclude now. Yours loving friend X Letter to your friend describing your last day at school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, I have received your email in time. In it you have wanted to know about the impression of my last day at school. Indeed it was a memorable day, the memory of that day still fills my mind with the feelings which are sweet and sad. It was Monday and as it was our last day at school there were some preparations to bade us fare well. The hall room was decorated with flags and festoons. We, the S.S.C candidates went to school timely to attend the farewell function in the school auditorium. All the teachers and students of our school took part in the function and made it successful. The Headmaster presided over the function. The teachers addressed us and expressed their love and affection for us. They also gave us a lot of advice for the examination. Some of the students also delivered their speech. Then started the cultural programme which was a nice and enjoyed one. At last the Headmaster delivered his parting address to the students. Then the programme drew to a close. All the students of the school as well as the invited guests were treated with light refreshment when the function was over. The day shall remain ever fresh and evergreen in my memory. This is all for today. Best regards to your parents. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend to join a picnic. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, How are you? I hope well by the grace of almighty Allah. How was your first term exam? Mine was not bad. You know, as the exam is over, I am thinking to go on a picnic. In our wearisome day to day life we are always busy in our daily routine work. But we need a rest after a long hard work. As our 1st term exam is over, I think we can go in a picnic to make our mind fresh and ready for more work in the coming days. Many places I thought to go on a picnic but finally I have decided to go to the ‘Safari park’. It is a beautiful place situated at ‘Banskhali’ Chittagong. I am sure that you have heard about the beauty of that place and will be very much eager to go with me. Please write to me soon whether you are going with me on not on the Friday after next. Convey my regards to your youngers and respect to your parents. No more today, much more when we meet. Truly tours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother describing the benefits of learning English To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email is just to hand. In it you have commented that people at present are running after foreign language, especially English, avoiding Bengali. And this is morally harmful for us. But frankly speaking, I differ with you on this point. Actually learning English can be of great use because we can gain a great deal of benefit by learning English. English is an international language. It is spoken widely among all over the world. If we are fluent in English, we can communicate with people all over the world. Our foreign affairs cannot be done without English. By learning English we can read books and magazines in English for higher education. Really, our education remains incomplete without having knowledge in this language. You must admit that our cultural renaissance would not have been possible without English. Nowadays poor knowledge in English is the main reason of failure of the students in the competitive examinations. So, English is very much important to fulfil the demand of the time and one can be benefited by it in many ways. I hope you will agree with my views. No more today; tender my respect to your parents. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘A’ Write an email to your friend telling him the importance of physical exercise. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, My best love to you. I hope that you are well by the grace of Almighty. I am worried to know that you are recently not keeping in good health. Dear friend, I think you should take physical exercise to improve your health condition. Physical exercise is very important for everyone. It not only keeps a man fit and strong but also helps him to attain a sound mind. It gives us fresh energy and helps us to return to work with renewed vigour. If you want to do well in the examination you have to work hard and you can’t study hard unless your body is fit enough. So, physical exercise is important from that perspective also. I hope now you can understand the true value of physical exercise and would not hesitate any further to take regular physical exercise. That’s all for today. Convey my best regards to your parents. Yours truly, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Letter to your cousin telling her the procedures to get admitted into the college. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I have received your email yesterday. You have wanted to know how to get admit into a college. First of all you need to pass the S.S.C. examination successfully. After publishing the result you need to collect the admission form from the college. But getting a form is really depends upon one’s S.S.C. result. Then college authority declared a fixed date for the interview .The best student get the opportunity to admit according to their G.P.A. Enough for today. Tender my best compliments to your parents. I hope this email find you proper way to get admitted into a college, Your loving brother Joy Write an email to your friend telling him / her about your visit to a historical mosque. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your sweet note anchored my heart. I am getting on well with my studies. Today I am going to write to you about the excursion which we have recently made from our school. Our school authority has decided to make a short trip to Bagerhat. Accordingly we did it. It is a place of historical in Bangladesh. By train I reached Bagerhat. I hired a rickshaw and went to visit the Shat Gambuj Mosque. During our visit to that historical place, we have come to know about many interesting things. The mosque was built in 1440 by Khan Jahan Ali, a preacher of Islam. The area of Shat Gambuj Mosque is very big. The mosque is beautifully decorated with terracota flowers, foliage and plain architecture. It stands on sixty pillars. It was 77 domes instead of 60 domes. The inside walls are very thick and flowers are painted on it. It is a work of great art and engineering skill of the period. There is a prayer house which is beautifully decorated. I also visited the largest tanks known as Dargadighi and Ghoradighi near the mosque. I was wondered at the sight of all these activities of human beings in the days long past. I think this description will tempt you to pay a visit the place. No more today. Please write to me soon. With love. Sincerely yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend condoling him for his father’s untime death. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear ‘T’, Take my deepest compassion for the dreadful episode that has come to you. I was greatly shocked to hear that your father has departed two days ago. You can’t imagine how sorry I was to hear the sad news. The thought of your mental condition worried me and made me to write this email. I can still remember the lively person who used to greet me with a son like affection. He was a man of great heart and noble deeds. May his soul be rest in peace in the eternal shade of heaven. Man is mortal, he is to die one day or the other but we can’t convince our mind to mourn in death if it is an untimed one. I know you are in a position where your heart is filled with sorrows but dear friend, you must remember that time moves on and it is time that heals all wound. As you are the eldest son of your father you have to get your self together very quickly because all the responsibility of your father now lies to you. Whenever you think you are in need of a good friend, do not hesitate to contact me. Truly yours, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a friend congratulating him on his brilliant success in the S.S.C Examination. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Hearty congratulations on your well-deserved success in the S.S.C. Examination. When I have come to know that you have passed the exam in ‘A’ grade, my joys knows no bound. You are really worthy of this result. We expected of you such a performance and the result has fulfilled our expectations. You see, life is earnest and life is struggle. You worked hard and your efforts are crowned with success. My parents are also very glad to know of your success. It will be a great pleasure for us if you visit us shortly. I am pretty well. With love and best wishes. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your younger brother instructing him to about the benefit of reading newspaper regularly. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear 'H', I am extremely sorry to know that you do not take interest to read newspaper. Now you are a citizen of an independent state. You should remain in touch with the outside world. You should go through journals, magazine and novels, especially you should read newspaper daily. Newspaper is a store-house of knowledge. It makes our mind fresh. It gives us scope to learn the living language spoken by the civilized people. It helps us to express our views in a simple idiomatic style. On the whole newspapers are the fountains of knowledge and source of pleasures. Now I tell you to read newspaper daily. I hope you will carry out what I have told you to do. Take care of your health. No more today. With love and best wishes. Yours affectionately, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to a pen friend describing the foods and food habits in Bangladesh To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, I am very glad to receive your email. You have wanted to know about the food habit of Bangladeshi people. People in Bangladesh generally take the same food at breakfast, lunch and dinner. The villagers usually eat rice three times a day. They also take dal, meat and vegetables. The urban people usually take egg, bread made of wheat or flour along with fried vegetables or sweets and a cup of tea a breakfast. In lunch, they eat rice with curry of fish or meat and dal. They take rice, vegetables, curry, dal, etc. for dinner .Now-a-day some people in the rural areas eat bread to control their health. Some foods such as fast food like singara, samocha etc. Cold drinks , chips, burger, sand witches, chops, pizza, hamburger etc. are becoming popular day by day in our country. The modes of eating are also different between the rural and urban people. The urban people have started eating some western items of food but the rural people are not familiar with them. In fact, people in our country, especially the young people are changing their attitude towards western items. No more today .I am eagerly waiting for your next email. Sincerely yours. Akash Write an email to your friend the experience of taking food in a restaurant. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear ‘A’, It is many days since you wrote to me. Today I am going to tell you about my experience of taking food in a restaurant. You know our friend, ‘S’. He celebrated his birth anniversary the day before yesterday. On this day he arranged a party at a Chinese restaurant and we the local friends were all invited. You will be glad to know that this was totally a new experience for me to have the experience of having food in a Chinese restaurant. In the evening we went to his residence by twos and threes. We wished him Happy Birthday. Then all of us together went to the Chinese restaurant which had already been fixed before. There was dim light in the room. As soon as we took our seats, a waiter in uniform came and handed menu to some of us. I was a greenhorn in this regard. So, I didn’t go ahead. Sohel consulted with some of us and placed order. There was no noise like the normal restaurants. Everybody talked in low voice. I kept looking around and listening to the fine music. The waiter gave a bowl of soup. We took this with some sauce and pepper extract. It tasted well. Cold drinks were served. Then came fried rice, prawn balls, vegetables and chicken fry. We took the food using fork and spoon. Flavour of food in the restaurant was different from that at home. Aroma was also different and crispy. Really, it was a very delicious dish. My mouth still waters at the thought of those delicious dishes. It was a very nice and enjoyable experience. This is all for today. Write to me soon. With love. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your friend describing the prize giving day or ceremony of your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our prize giving ceremony. Okay, here it is. The prize giving ceremony was held on last Sunday. It was a very special day for me because it was known to me that I would get a prize for being first in the last annual exam. That day I reached the school at 8.30 a.m. For this occasion our school auditorium was decorated in a very nice way. The function started at 10 am with the recitation of the holy Quran. The parliament member of our area presided over the ceremony and TNO (Thana Nirbahi Officer) was also present in that ceremony. Our Headmaster read out his annual report. After this the TNO gave his speech. Then the TNO both gave away the prizes to the selected boys for their brilliant performance in the last annual exam, for other activities in the school. I got two prizes -- one for being first in the last annual exam and the other for regular attendance. Then an enjoyable cultural programme was staged by the students and teachers. In the end of the ceremony our headmaster thanked the respective guests, teachers and the students. This ceremony ended with national anthem. That day I returned home with joy. It’s a memorable day for me because that day I got two prizes and I participated in the cultural programme by singing a song which was my first participation in any cultural programme. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘S’ Write an email to your mother describing the celebration of the 21st February in your school this year To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, My best regards to you. I hope all of you are keeping in good health by the grace of Allah. I am in receipt of your kind email of the 26th February. In your email you wanted to know how we celebrated the international mother language day. In this email I will write about our observation on that day of 21st February. We observe this day in a very befitting manner because it enlivens our heart and soul. It inspires us to reach the acme of success. We usually observe the international mother language day in the month of February every year. The whole school as well as the whole surrounding of the school was embellished with colourful papers on the occasion. The whole playground looked festive. In the morning we all the students and teachers of our school gathered in the school premise at 5 o’clock in the morning. We made a garland of flowers. Then we brought out a colourful procession with due solemnity in order to pay homage to our noble language martyrs at “Shahid Minar” on Bare Foot. On the way sang the song ‘ amar bhaier rokte rangano ekhushe February……’. After that we came to our school. A cultural function was arranged. The Chairman of the Chittagong Board inaugurated the function at 11 a.m. Many of students of our school participated in the cultural function. They sang, recited and participated in a painting competition on the aspects of 21st February. The honourable D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest. He made a little but vital speech on the significance of the day. The function came to an end with the distributions of prizes. No more today. More when we shall meet. Catch you later. Yours sincerely, ‘S’ Write an email to your friend describing your school. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear friend X’ Yesterday I received your email and read your description about your school’s prize giving ceremony. And, you wanted to know in the email about our school . Okay, here it is. Our school is one standing institutions. It was founded in 1845. The school is located in the heart of Chittagong. It is adjacent to ‘Y’ road. The school is five minutes walk from my residence. The school is a two-storied building. There are thirty class rooms. The rooms are spacious and airy. Our school sits in two shifts morning shift and day shift. There are about 1500 students and 35 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is an M.A. B. Ed. He is a capable administrator. The school sits at 10 a. m. and breaks up at 4.30. We get half an hour break after the 4th period. There are the ‘Headmaster’s room, teachers’ common room, the office room the library room, the prayer room and the hall room besides the classroom. A very big field lies inside the ground. We play football cricket, hockey, basketball, table-tennis and other games there after school hours. The school has a big common room. Ours is one of the leading schools in the country. It has been the training ground of many eminent men. I truly boast of being a student of such a highly esteemed institution. No more today. Tender my respect to your parents and elders. And, love to all youngers. Please write to me regularly as before. Yours ever, ‘Rahat’ Letter to a friend describing the annual sports recently held in your school To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, My dear ‘A’, Your email gave me much delight.You will be glad to know that we observed the annual sports of our school on January 31.On this ceremony our school campus and the surroundings of the play ground were decorated with colourful papers , flowers and festoons.The chairman of Chittagong board in inaugurated the programe at 8 A.M. There were at least thirty events including many races.The first event was 100 metres race.Among the events sack race and three-legged race were interesting.The tug of war between the students and teachers was the last event and it gave us the gratest entertainment. The Hon’ble D.C. of Chittagong was the chief guest .After giving a short speech he gave away the prizes among the winners.With the distributions of prizes the function came to and end. I got two prizes.It was indeed, a happy occasion for me. No more, today.With love and good wishes. Yours ever Arif Suppose you are an English scout named Becky. You’ve visited a Bangladeshi scout named Masum’s family. Now write an email to your mother about your feelings and experience after visiting Masum’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: Dear Mother, Hope you are well. I am enjoying my visit to Bangladesh. After completing the scout camp. I want to visit a Bangladeshi friend named Masum’s house. I am going to tell you the experience and family after visiting his family. I was introduced with Masum’s family. All the family members received me cordially. Masum’s grand parents, uncle, aunts lived with them. Their house made of clay with a tin roof and this surprised me very much. Each room detached from one another. I was entertained with Bangladeshi foods- vegetable curry, dal, fish, chop etc. at lunch. Though foods were spicy and but I enjoyed those. Foods were delicious. I was most surprised by the dress Masum’s mother were. It is called saree! a 16 fat long cloth. It looks really nice. I am planning to buy one for you. This sisters wore “solwar” and “Kamiz”. Sents wore “punjabi”, “lungi”. I liked their cloths very much. The family touched my heart. I shall remember them for a long time. No more today. With best regards. Your loving Becky Write an email to your younger brother saying him the bad effects of smoking. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject:, Dear ‘S’, Take my very best wishes in the beginning of the email. I was very glad to hear about your brilliant result in the annual examination but on the contrary I became very disappointed when I came to know that you have recently adopted a dangerous habit, you have been addicted to smoking. Dear brother, you can’t even imagine how dangerous smoking is! It is no less harmful than poison. It contains nicotine which can cause lungs cancer, bronchitis, heart disease etc. it ruins the vitality of life and hastens death. It is a fact that smoking is like committing suicide. That is why; I would like to advise you to give up smoking without any more delay. I do believe you can easily give up this bed habit if you are determined enough. No more today. Tender my best regards to parents. With love and best wishes, Your elder brother ‘Rahat’ Write an email to your mother about your experience and feeling after visiting a friend’s family. To: raghibhossain56@gmail.com Subject: My dear Mother, I received your email yesterday. You are anxious to know about my arrival from Raju’s village. Yes, I arrived yesterday. It was really a pleasant trip for me. My stay with them was extremely delightful. Raju’s mother prepared so delicious and special dishes for me. She is really an excellent cook! She was so nice to me. And Raju’s father also found time from his so busy schedule to take us on excursions and to cultural programmes in the evenings. I enjoyed every day, every hour, every moment of their hospitality. In fact I can’t remember ever having enjoyed myself so much and so thoroughly anywhere! It was really very nice of me to spend a week with them. I heartily appreciate Raju’s hospitality and affection of his parents for me. I wish I could visit again. How are you passing your days? Don’t worry about me. I am fine and going on with my regular life smoothly. Regards to father and you. Love to Ryan. Your loving son, ‘Rahat’ FORMAL EMAILS

HSC-Eng-1st-flow-chart-completion ANSWER OF THE FLOW CHART COMPLETION