Vocabulary for IELTS Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Cloze Test With Clues Rules of With Clues/Without Clues With Clues Worksheet-A 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. With Clues Worksheet-A Answer 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. Answer: (a) lived (b) looked (c) came (d) during (e) asked (f) mangoes (g) went (h) orchard (i) picked (j) gave 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. Answer: (a) felt (b) as (c) onto (d) were (e) sat (f) at (g) held (h) followed (i) cast(j) did 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. Answer: (a) walked (b) looked (c) together (d) forge (e) see (f) pulled (g) bellows (h) back (i) stood (j) were 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. Answer: (a) fell (b) over (c) recognised (d) informed (e) walked (f) unconscious (g) lay (h) wiping (i) hospitalized (j) onto 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” Answer: (a) being (b) all (c) visit (d) about (e) like (f) true (g) able (h) learn (i) grateful (j) helping 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. Answer(a) finished (b) grew (c) hard (d) grow (e) off (f) bare (g) snowing (h) inside (i) windows (j) covered 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) discussion (b) teacher (c) talking (d) used (e) shop (f) make (g) garden (h) looked (i) over (j) asked 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. Answer (a) was (b) hard (c) rather (d) smithy (e) example (f) bellows (g) heat (h) complicated (i) instruments (j) cast 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. Answer: (a)given (b) was (c) gave (d) chose (e) chosen (f) stood (g) flooded (h) is (i)were (j) started 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. Answer: (a) quickly (b) bent (c) inside (d) broken (e) upset (f) heard (g) best (h) round (i) better (j) about 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. Answer: (a) happily (b) stopped (c) admired (d) leaves (e) boats (f) fell (g) quietly (h) for (i) stored (j) leisure 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. Answer : (a) tell (b) ones (c) quietly (d) happened (e) saw (f) showed (g) decided (h) into (i) all (j) celebration 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” Answer:(a) during (b) summer (c) really (d) hard (e) plenty (f) agreed (g) about (h) future (i) care (j) exist 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” Answer (a) sunny (b) green (c) garden (d) well (e) worried (f) asked (g) problem (h) replied (i) shade (j) tell 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. Answer: (a) returned (b) about (c) feeling (d) again (e) more (f) though (g) parts (h) grateful (i) invited (j) parents 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) gave (b) vegetables (c) admitted (d) family (e) grateful (f) this (g) planed (h) some (i) happy (j) to 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. Answer : (a) taken (b) be (c) about (d) are (e) classmates (f)helped(g) take (h)hospital (i) grateful (j) young 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. Answer : (a) was (b) lived (c) situated (d) faced (e) disliked (f) used (g) decided (h) settled (i) taking 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. Answer:(a) reading (b) visitors (c) house (d) moment (e) home (f) wanted (g) call (h) called (i) company (j) embarrassed 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. Answer : (a) arrival (b) started (c) with (d) short (e) coming (f) was recovered (g) like (h) felt (i) sense (j) grateful 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. Answer: (a) spoke (b) about (c) right (d) come (e)went (f) down (g) introduced (h) explained (i) found (j) gave 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. Answer: (a) went (b) mangoes (c) master (d) started (e) sweet (f) eat (g) asked (h) bring (i) orchard (j) with 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. Answer: (a) was (b) owned (c) appointed (d) named (e) performed (f) invited (g) entertain (h) called (i) told (j) picked 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. Answer: (a) student (b) inhabitant (c) returning (d) something (e) sight (f) near (g) take (h) thought (i) should (j) picked 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. Answer: (a) talking (b) mother (c) moment (d) arrived (e) happy (f) see (g) asked (h) why (i) pale (j) tired 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. Answer: (a) some (b) Green (c) replied (d) kind (e) holiday (f) explined (g) wanted (h) went (i) very (j) put With clues Worksheet-4.0 English First Paper 1. DB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x 10=10 food destroyed crisis rise habitat unsuitable turn rain live cut be effect If we (a)----- trees at random, one day our count will (b)------- into a desert. All living animals and birds will not find any (c) -----or shelter to (d) ----- in. They will be (e) -----.There will be no (f) ----and as a result our agriculture will face a great (g) ------. The temperature will (h)----- and it will cause greenhouse (i) -----.The country will be ( j) -----for living. 2. RB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agricultural on consumption supplies beautiful decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ . It is an (b) ------country. Most of Many people of this country directly or indirectly (c) ------on agriculture for their (d) -------.Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ . Agriculture (f)------- food stuff for human and animal (g) -------- . Any (h) ----- in agricultural products (i) ----- economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j) -----sufferings of the entire people. 3. DN B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 known bold hunger thirst inspired inconceivable see courage curiosity satisfied dangerous technology Man has an unquenchable (a)---- for knowledge. In fact, he is never (b)-------- with what he has (c) ----- and seen. He wants to know and (d)------ more and more. This (e) — to know more, coupled with his (f) — spirit of adventure, has (g)---- him to undertake and carry out difficult and (h)------ tasks. In the fields of science and (i) ------man has already achieved what was once( j) -------. 4. JB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 prevent enables take excellent tired fitness physically fills struggles essential free helps Physical exercise is (a) — for all. It keeps us (b) --- strong and healthy. Our life is full of activities and (c) —. We can face them if we have physical and sound (d) ---- .It is physical exercise which (e) — us to have a sound mind in a body. Physical exercise (f) --- some other benefits too. It also offers us an (g)---- recreation. It takes our mind (h)-----from the drudgery of work and (i) --- it with joy. So we must j)----physical exercise for our sound health. 5. COM B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a)--------- depends on his work, Man is a rational being. He is to (b) ------ for others. He should not be proud of his (c)----- blood. He should be (d) ------ to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e)------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)-----blood and flesh the (g)------ kind of man. So, he should (h)--------his own life for others' welfare. We cannot live (i)-----on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j) ----- our work. 6. CTG B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary.lx10=10 dependence risen necessity around production shortage circumstances shift improved sustained dependent demand Power is the key to the economic growth of any country. The (a) — of power is only known when load-shedding occurs. Though rural fife of Bangladesh is not totally (b) ---- on power, urban life cannot be (c) — without electricity. At present we have (d) — of around 4000 MW electricity and the (e) –--- is around 2000 MW. This demand is ever on the (f) ----- . In 2020 the national demand for electricity will rise to (g) ----- 8000 MW. The reality is that this situation cannot be (h) ----- just by installing some high capacity power generation plants. Under these (i) ----- we should create a master plan to increase the production of electricity and also have to j) ------- our concentration to alternative fuel source. 7. Syl B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There are more words than necessary. lX10=10 like distress getting take ensure mutual treat seems make familiar developing communicate 8. As the world's communication is (a) — day by day the world seems to be (b)-----smaller. For the development of communication system, now we can easily (c) with the people of other countries within a moment. Now the world (d) to be a village and the countries seem to be families. If we develop our (e) understanding and co-operation, we can (f) — our world a better place. We should never (g) — others as enemies but friends. As a friend we should (h) — immediate help to other countries in their (i) — and sorrows we should( j) ------them to be our neighbours. 9. BB- 2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 clean made on important objects clothes. empty forces full currents under water The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b)----- objects. Natural (c) ------ are stones, trees, air and (d) —. Man made objects are houses, cars (e)------- and chemicals. Natural (f)-----are cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes. storms and ocean (g) ----- Life exists different conditions. It is very (i) -----to keep the environment (j)----- . 10. DB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : Ix10=10 help inactive others aversion hence anything claim ability charity indolent devoid dignity What is begging? Begging is the (a)----- of others. It does not give (b)---- good to the society. It is totally unproductive and (c)---- , it has no output. It does not develop a man's (d)--- or will to be self-reliant. It makes him (e)-----and habitually (f)— and dependent on others. It makes a man (g) —any sense of self-respect. Hence those who live by begging cannot (h) —for any dignity in the society because of their (i) ---to work. They only seek the charily of j)----- and become burden to the society. 11. Com B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : - IX10=10 efforts removing help assist aware thought literacy enlarge social increase illiteracy realise Inability to read and write is (a)---- . It hinders all development (b)-----of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c)---- this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development cannot be (d)--- of keeping the large number of people (e)------ . Government alone cannot meet this challenge without the (f)---- of the literate community. It is the (g)------ responsibility of the literate people to (h)---- the government for the eradication. Of illiteracy. We must (i)----- that we cannot exist as a nation without (j)------ illiteracy from the society. 12. Raj B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :—1XI0=10 mentally educated help genius useful s sympathetic provides improve knowledge develop self-reliant virtue Proper education (a)----- a learner with opportunity to (b)------- all his talents. Its aim is to (c)----- him physically and (d)----- so that he can be (e)----- to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f)------ but he can also assist others in attaining this great (g)----- He is supposed to be well mannered, kind and (h)------ So, a man who has acquired (i)----- and skill cannot be called a truly (j) -----man only for his material development. 13. JB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :-- 1X10=10 evil very lives neglected proper regret real when been remember get about Our freedom fighters are the (a)----- heroes of our country. We should (b)----them as they sacrificed their (c)---- for the cause of motherland. It is a matter of great (d)---- that most of them are (e)---- and our young generation does not know their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g)- --found out and established. Some of them lead a (h)----- poor life. The authority should take (i)---- step to enlist them and give them (j) ------honour. 14. BB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 travel age civilization regular sphere modern ancient difficult time greater possible constant We live in an (a)----- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) -----. Science is a (c) ------- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e)------ is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) from one place to another. But in (g)----- time journey was (h) . Man has to spend a lot of (i)----- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be explored for (j) ----welfare of mankind. 15. SB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There arc more words than necessary :— IX10=10 defend materialized so-called cherished noble pretender inspires inherent aloft fake fraud remember 16. Patriotism is a (a)---- virtue. It is an (b)---- instinct in human nature. It (c)---- a man to shed every drop of blood to (d)-----the liberty and dignity of the country.- But patriotism should not be merely a (e)---- slogan in the public meeting to (f)---- the people. It should be (g)---- in the core of heart and (h)---- in our deeds. We should keep ourselves above from the (i)------ patriotism. Everybody should bear in mind that a (j)---- must be defeated. Nobody will remember or honour a mock patriot. Ctg B-2010 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : — IX10=10 epend unnaturally depression industries provide live plays damages overcome supplies decline know Ours is an agricultural. country. Hence most of the citizens of our country. directly or indirectly (a)--------on agriculture for their livelihood. Many important (b)----- of our country also depend on agricultural products. Agriculture (c)-------a vital role in our national economy. It (d)-------food stuff for both human and animal consumption. So people have to suffer a lot if there is any (e)----- in agricultural products. The sufferings o f the farmers and working class of people (f)------no bounds. The failure of crops causes a great economic (g)------in the country and prices of daily necessaries may go (h)------up. The floods and the subsequent (i) ------ of agricultural products are burning examples of it. We are lucky that our government has successfully j)------the problems. 18. DN B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. You can make grammatical changes if necessary : 1X10 = 10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agriculture on consumption beautiful supplies decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ .It is an (b)------ country. Most of the people of this country directly or indirectly (c)------- on agriculture for their (d)------ . Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ 19. Agriculture (f) ------foodstuff for human and animal (g) --------- . Any (h) ------- in agricultural products (i) ------ economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j)----- sufferings to the entire people. 20. DB-2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 prepare natural sphere hand use generously purpose resources fertile land rocky locality Nature has given her (a)- — — to us more (V—than many other countries of the world. Think about our (c)— - — — -, It is soft and (d)--- — -. Our farmers who have simple (e)- — - made tools can easily dig, plough and (0- — — the soil with them. Whereas lands of most other countries which are hard and (g) — — — cannot be easily dug, ploughed and prepared. We have a great (h)- — — — advantages too. We can (1) — -most of our lands for the j)— of agriculture and industry. 21. Com B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 little prevent remote causes irrigate behind easy recent river great verify close Crops need water. Farmers must (a) their fields if there is very (b) - rain at any time. But irrigation is not (c)---- if there is no river (d)------ to the crops. Canals can carry (e)— water to the field. Sometimes much water (f)—flood. A dam may (g)--------difficulties of irrigation. A (h)------- lake can be built (i)---- the dam . Dams are not j)------invention. 22. Raj 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 loses both continuous real competition matched progress loss enjoyment win matching result Without effort there can be no (a)---- in life. Life (b)----- its interest if there is no struggle. Games become dull, if there is no (c) in them and if the (d) can be easily foreseen. No matter we (e) the, game or lose it.The keener the contest, the greater the (f)----- . A victory is not a (g)----- triumph unless (h) -------the sides are equally (i) ----- Whether, we like it or not, life is one (j) ---- competitive examination. 23. JB 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 made passed need least literate illiterate waste remove educate necessary education compulsory We must not (a)----- our energy and money any more. We (b) —to take steps to (c) -----our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d) There should be at (e)-----one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt. has (f) ------primary education (g)------ . A law has been (h)------- in the assembly. To (i) ------ illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j)------ adults need to be educated. 24. Syl B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 visited purse premises had frequently has 25. collected exhibitions tempted making crowded displayed Of all the (a)---- , the book fairs are of recent origin. They are (b)------held in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------Ekusher Boi Mela in Bangla Academy (d)--------. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (e) It was a great opportunity of (f)------- a varied choice of books. So many book lovers (g)--------there, I was (h)------ to buy a lot of books but my (i)-------did not permit me. As a result, I bought a few books and j)----- a lot of Catalogues. 26. BB- 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness educate deprive discrimination removes population development bring No nation can (a)----- without education. Education (b)---- our ignorance and gives us (c)------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)----between man and i woman. Education is one of the (e)----human rights. If we (f)----- women of the right of education, almost half of our (g)------ will remain in (h)-----.No (i)------ can be possible without the j)-------of women. 27. Ctg 2009 Fill in each gap of the following passage with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— 1X10=10 light bring deprive participation removes run darkness educate discrimination development basic remain Education (a)-------our ignorance and gives us (b)---of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (c)-------between man and woman. Education is one of the (d) human rights. If we (e)------women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (f)-------in (g)------. No (h)------can be brought about without (i) of women. So government is doing everything to j)-------women folk. 28. DN B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 Possible time difficult spheres poor travel civilization ancient age greater all constant We live in an (a)------- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) ------ of life. Science is a (c) ----- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e) is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) ------ from one place to another. But in (g) ------time journey was (h) ----- . Man had to spend a lot of (i)------- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the j)----- welfare of mankind. 29. DB-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. lx 10=10 safely narrow menace invention life controlled daily lie violate happen increasing lives Road accidents are (a)----- occurrences in modern city life. Every year thousands of people lose their (b) ----and many more are injured. Before the (c) ------- of automobiles, people moved from one place to another slowly but (d) . The real causes of road accidents (e) ------with the people not with the transports. In some cities the roads are (f) ----- These can hardly cope with the (g)----- number of traffic. Besides, the traffic is not (h) ------- properly. The drivers often (i) ------ traffic rules. As road accidents become a great(j)----- immediate steps should be taken to stop the danger. 30. Com-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior rational sacrifice high aware above same Man's dignity depends upon his words. Man is a (a) ----- being on the earth. He is to (b) --------for others. He should not be proud if he is of (c)------ blood. He should be (d)-------- to help any class of man. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------- to him by birth. But after all, he is a man. He has the (f)------ blood and flesh a-s-the (g)---- mentioned man. So, he should (h)------- his own life for other's welfare. We cannot live (i) ---- on the earth. We must die once. But we can live j) --------- our works. 31. Raj 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 expected tries famous cruel study glorious institution public successful hard students result Every student expects a (a)------ result in the examination and for this he (b)------ heart and soul. There are many ways to have glorious (c)------- . Admission in the famous (d)------ is one of them. So most of the (e)----- dream for getting admission in a (f)------- institution. Most of the students start to study (g)--------- after their final examination to get admission into their (h)--------institutions. Some become (I)-------- and some become failure in their mission. The students who don't j)- ------ hard cannot succeed in this context. 32. JB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words in the box than necessary.IX10=10 light removes basic prosper run darkness bring participation remain educate deprive discrimination Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education. Education (b) our ignorance and gives us (c)------ of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d) between men and women. Education is one of the (e) ------ human rights. If we (f)------- women of the right of education, almost half of the population will (g)--------- in (h)------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) ------- of women. The government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ------ women folk. 33. SB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than ncccssary :— lX10=10 help illiterate assist efforts removing aware illiteracy enlarge exist thought literacy increase Inability to read and write is (a)-------- . It hinders all development (b) of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c) this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development can not be (d)-------- of keeping the large number of people (e)------- . Government alone cannot meet this challenge with out the (f)------ of the literate community. It is the social responsibility of the literate people to (g) ------ the government for the eradication of illiteracy. We must realise that we cannot (h) --------as a nation without (i) ------illiteracy from the society. So we should be j) ------- of this great problem. 34. BB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 ever time tomorrow suffer who lost take enough call properly shine good Time and tide waits for none. No one can (a) -------- it back. A man gets back his (b) ------money and health but cannot get back his lost time. Time once lost is lost for (c) ------- So we should make the (d) ------ use of time. We should do our duties (e) ------- .If we put off our work for (f) ---------, we may not get an opportunity to do it at all. There are some people (g)------- idle away time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They have to (h)------ for it. So we should (I)------ an oath that we must do our duty properly and in j) ------ . 35. CTG 2008 Fill in each cap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— IX10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a) ------ depends on his work. Man is rational being. He is to (b) ------- for others. He should not be proud of his (c) -------blood. He should be (d) ------- to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)------- blood and flesh as the (g)------- kind of man. So, he should (h) -------his own life for others welfare. We cannot live (i) ------- on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j)------ our work. 36. DB2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 almost useful era without helps knowledge nations mutual necessity essential important becomes English is in International Language. As a result the (a)--------- of English has increased. Different countries have to keep (b)-------- communication among them. The (c)---------- of learning English is very great. Because it (d) us to develop a good relationship with other (e)--------- In this modern (f)-------- of communication it is not possible to advance (g)-------- it. English (h) ------- the language of the whole world. (i)-------- all books in Science and Technology have been written or translate into English. One can't think of higher studies without the j) ------- of English. 37. Com 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 thinking now instead again stood different following on along into up running The Pied Piper stepped into the street and began to play his pipe (a)------ . This time the music was (b)-------- . At the sound of the music all the children of Hamelin came (c)-------. The Mayor, the councilors and all the parents (d) -----dumb. The Piper walked (e) ------the streets and the children followed him. They were laughing and dancing. But (f) --------- the piper did not go towards the river. He walked towards the hill called Koppelburg (g)---------- . The parents felt relieved. (h)--------- that the piper would never be able to cross the hill. But as soon as the piper reached the hill, it opened (i) ------and he walked into it with the children j) ------ him. Then the hill closed and they were never seen again. 38. Raj 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness run deprive discrimination educate bring removes remain Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education.Education (b)-------- our ignorance and gives us (c)--------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)-------- between man and woman. Education is one of the (e) human rights. If we (f)---------- women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (g)------- in (h)-------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) --------- of women. The Government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ----- women folk. 39. JB 2007 Fill in each gap using a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1 x 10 = 10 result necessity know control polluted purpose sound wise balance gone conscious interest low Ashraf, who is a student of class ten, has taken a (a)-------- step. He is very much (b) ------ to visit villages along with his friends. He came to know that the villagers are not (c) -----of environmental problems. They do not (d) ----------how to keep up the (e) ------- of the environment. The villagers have no (f) over the population growth also. As a (g)-------- our environment is being (h)-------- day by day. He wants to make people know about the (i)------- of clean environment. Really, his j) ---------is great. 40. Syl B 2007 Fill in the gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. 10 41. hold, visit, recent, collecting, crowd, old, enlarge, permit, ancient, has, spread, display Amongst all the exhibitions, the book fairs are of (a)-------- origin. They are frequently (b) - ---- in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------- Ekuser Boi Mela in Bangla Academy premises. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (d)-------- . It was a great opportunity of (e)-------- a varied choice of books. In the fair, books lovers (f) -------there. I was tempted to buy a lot of books but my purse didn't (g) ---- me. As a result, I bought a few books and (h)------- a lot of catalogues. However a book fair (i) --- the message that books are our best friends. Books j) ---- our vision and make our life meaningful. 42. Bb 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 heat waves disaster another work problems polluted worse form wastes climate cleared noise One of the serious (a)--------- in today's world is pollution. The air of the cities is (b) ----- by fume and smoke from motor vehicles, mills and factories. The water of the seas and lakes is poisoned by industrial (c)----------- , chemicals and other dangerous substances. Forests on very wide areas everywhere in the world are being (d)-------- and burnt. All these have disastrous effect on agriculture, on food supplies and most important of all, on (e) ----- . Climate has been affected so much that there are often strong (f)-------- in many countries :,, Europe and in the U.S.A. Many scientists warn that the effects of pollution will bring a (g)-------- for mankind in future. Noise is another (h) ----- of pollution which many people are not taking seriously. We have (i) ------ coming from all around us. It is also equally harmful because it affects our hearing, our nerves, our ability to j)---------efficiently and our general health. 43. Ctg 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 towards created unbearable tropics dark condition cyclone speed thunders occur flashes originates A cyclone may (a) --- anytime and at any place. The violent types of (b) ---- usually hit the (c) ---- . The cyclone of Bangladesh generally (d) ------ from the Bay of Bengal and blows (e)----- the land. It is often accompanied by (f) ---- and heavy showers. Before a cyclone commences, (g) --------heat is felt for a few days. Then suddenly one day the sky becomes terribly (h)-------- with clouds and strong winds begin to blow with (i)------- of lighting and the rumbling of thunders. Thus a terrible situation is j) ------ 44. Db 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 Stretch bitting country extent scarcity migrate swampy enhance actually ecological wondering In winter we see innumerable birds come to our (a) ---- . These birds are called "Guest birds". (b) these birds come to our country in winter from Siberia. When the (c) ------cold, in Siberia reaches beyond the limit, the guest birds (d) ----- to our land. They come not only because of bitting (e)---------. but also for want of food. The most (f)--------- fact about these birds is that they fly thousands of miles at a (g)------- . They (h) ------ our natural beauty and help to maintain (i)--------- balance by eating up worms and insects. But nowadays the migratory birds don't come to our country because of the(j)----- of water land and cruelty of hunters. 45. Com 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary: 1X10=10 technology wonder totalling specta cular each I designed surrounded could called modern famous largest The Sangsad Bhaban at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka is a (a)-------- of modern architecture and (b)------ . It is one of the (c)-------- and most (d) ------ parliament buildings in the world. it was (e) ----- by the famous architect Louis I Kahn. This 155 feet high nine storeyed building is (f)-------- by an artificial lake (g)------ , the Crescent Lake. The structure has 1605 doors, 335 windows, 365 ventilators and corridors (h)----- to bewildering length of 41.6 kilometer. The house has 354 seats for MPs, 56 for guests, 40 for journalists and 430 for spectators. It has three party rooms in (i)------ of which can take seat 153 people. The whole place is air-conditioned and includes all j) --------amenities. 46. JB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. You can use a word more than once. IX10=10 service remove separate society education live human Students should not (a)---------themselves from (b) ------- .They can (c) ------- the society in many ways. Their (d)----- is of great importance to society. During vacation they should go to their native village. They can (e)----- the illiterate villagers. During a flood they can (f)--------- the sufferings of the flood affected people by raising funds. As they live in (g)------- . They are (h)-------- beings. So they are not (i)------ from society. They can play an important role by j) ------ the illiteracy from the country. 47. Raj 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 educate waste least need made illiterate passed remove education necessary literate compulsory We must not (a)------our energy and money any more. We (b)-------- to take steps to (c) ------- our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d)------- . There should be at (e)-------- one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt.has (f)--------- primary education (g) ----- . A law has been (h)----- in the assembly. To (i) ------- illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j) ------- adults need to be educated. 48. CTG 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 about lives neglected evil proper real right been very remember bright regret Our freedom fighters are the (a)------- heroes of our country. We should (b)------- them as they sacrificed their (c) -----for the cause of our motherland. It is a matter. of great (d)------- that most of them are (e)------ and our young generation does not know (f)------- their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g) found out and established. Some of them lead (h)------ poor life. The authority in power should take (i) ------ step to enlist them and give them j) ----- honour. 49. Syl 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 sediment habitat I forest land repair floods effect insecurity damageprotection causes deforestation cut The most common causes of (a) ------ are cutting and burning the (b)------ Though the forest lands are (c) and burnt for the sake of agriculture and (d) -----, ithas a negative (e) ------on environment. The removal of trees (f)------ the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious (g)------- to the soil, as trees give (h)------- to soil as well. In the end, the soil gets (i)------ in the river bed and causes frequent j) ----- . 50. BB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 also eager overloaded sitting puller reached happened whom exactly opposite chatting as (a) ----- I was sitting at the front seat of the bus, I saw (b)----- what (c) ------. A rickshaw van (d)------ with goods was coming from the (e)------- direction, the poor (f) ------ was an old man. (g)------ , there was another person (h) ----- at the back of the van with (i) -----the puller was (j) ----- . With clues 4.0 Answers 1. DB 2011 (a)cut; (b) turn; (c) habitat; (d) live; (e) destroyed; (f) rain; (g) crisis; (h) rise; (i) effect; (j)unsuitable. 2. RB 2011 (a) beautiful; (b) agricultural; (c) depend; (d) livelihood; (e) products; (f) supplies; (g)consumption; (h) decline; (i) causes/brings; j) brings/causes. 3. Din B 2011 a) thirst; (b) satisfied; (c) known; (d) see; (e) curiosity; (fl bold; (g) inspired; (h) dangerous; i) technology; j) inconceivable. 4. JB 2011 a) essential; (b) physically; (c) struggles, (d) fitness; (e) helps; (f) enables; (g) excellent: h) free; (i) fills; (j)take. 5. Com B 2011 a) dignity; (b) work; (c) blue; (d) ready; (e) inferior; (0 same; (g) above; (h) sacrifice; i) long; (j)through. 6. Ctg B 2011 a) necessity; (b) dependent; (c) improved; (d) demand; (e) production; (f) risen; g) around; (h) sustained; (i) circumstances; j) shift 7. SB 2011 (a) developing; (b) getting; (c) communicate; (d) seems; (e) mutual; (f) make; (g) treat/take; (h) ensure; (i) distress; j) take/treat. 8. BB 2011 (a) full; (b) made; (c) objects; (d) water; (e) clothes; (f) forces; (g) currents; (h) on; (i) important; (j)clean. 9. DB 2010 (a) help (b) anything (c) charity (d) ability (e) inactive (f) indolent (g_) devoid (h) claim (i) aversion) others 10. Com 2010 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) social (h) assist (i) realise (j) removing 11. Raj 2010 (a) provides (b) develop (c) improve (d) mentally (e) useful (t) self-reliant (g) virtue (h) sympathetic (i) knowledge (j) educated 12. JB 2010 (a) real (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (0 about (g) been (h) very (i) proper U) proper 13. BB 2010 (a) age (b) sphere (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time 0) greater 14. SB 2010 (a) noble (b) inherent (c) inspires (d) defend (e) fake (f) fraud (g) cherished (h) materialized (i) so-called (j) pretender 15. Ctg 2010 (a) depend (b) industries (c) plays (d) supplies (e) decline (f) know (g) depression (h) unnaturally (i) damages j) overcome . 16. Din 2010 (a) beautiful (b) agriculture (c) depend (d) livelihood (e) products (f) supplies (g) consumption (h) decline (i) causes 0) brings 17. DB 2009 (a) resources (b) generously (c) land (d) fertile (e) hand (f) prepare (g) rocky (h)natural (i) use 0) purpose 18. com B2009 (a) irrigate (b) little (c) easy (d) close (e) river (0 causes (g) prevent (h) great (i) behind j) recent 19. Raj 2009 (a) progress (b) loses (c) competition (d) result (e) win (f) enjoyment (g) real (h) both (i) matched 0) cntinuous 20. Jb 2009 (a) waste (b) need (c) educate (d) education (e) least (0 made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 21. SB 2009 (a) exhibitions (b) frequently (c) visited (d) presmises (e) displayed (f) making (g) crowded (h) tempted (i) purse 0) collected 22. BB 2009 (a) prosper (b) dispels (c) light (d) difference / disparity (e) basic /fundamental (f) deprive (g) population (h) darkness (i) development 0) education/ enlightenment 23. Ctg B2009 (a) removes (b) light (c) discrimination (d) basic (e) deprive (f) remain (g) darkness h) development (i) participation 0) educate 24. Din B 2009 (a) age (b) spheres (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time j) greater 25. DB 2008 (a) daily (b) lives (c) invention (d) safely (e) lie (i) narrow (g) increasing (h) controlled (i) violate 0) menace 26. Com B 2008 (a) rational (b) sacrifice (c) blue (d) -ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) above (h) sacrifice (i) long 0) through 27. Raj B 2008 (a) glorious (b) studies (c) result (d) institution (e) students (0 famous (g) hard (h) expected (i) successful 0) try 28. Jb 2008 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic. (fl deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 29. SB 2008 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) assist (h) exist (I) removing 0) aware 30. BB 2008 (a) call (b) lost (c) ever (d) best/good (e) properly (0 tomorrow (g) who (h) suffer (i) take 0) time 31. Ctg b 2008 (a) dignity (b) work (c) blue (d) ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) high (h) sacrifice (i) long (j) through 32. Db 2007 (a) importance (b) mutual (c) necessity (d) helps (e) nations (1) era (g) without (h) has become (i) almost 0) knowledge 33. Com 2007 (a) again (b) different erelit (c) running (d) stood (e) along (I) now (g) instead (h) thinking (i) up (j) following 34. Raj 2007 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic (1) deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 35. JB 2007 (a) wise (b) interested (c) conscious (d) know (e) balance (0 control (g) result (h) polluted (i) necessity 0) purpose 36. SB 2007 (a) recent (b) held (c) visited (d) displayed (01 collecting (f) crowded (g) permit (h) collected (i) spreads 0) enlarge 37. BB 2007 (a) problems (b) polluted (c) wastes (d) cleared (e) climate (f) heat waves (g) disaster (h) form (I) noise j) work 38. CTG 2007 (a) occur (b) cyclone (c) tropics (d) originates (e) towards (I) thunder (g) unbearable, (h) dark (i) flashes U) created 39. DB 2006 (a) country (b) actually (c) bitting (d) migrate (e) cold (f) wondering (g) stretch (h) Aenhance (i) ecological 0) scarcity 40. CB 2006 (a) wonder (b) technology (c) largest (d) spectacular (e) designed (f) surrounded (g) called (h) totalling (i) each 0) modern 41. Raj 2006 (a) separte (b) society (c) serve (d) service (e) educate (f) remove (g) society (h) human (i) separate 0) removing 42. JB 2006 (a) waste (b) need (c) literate (d) education (e) least (f) made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 43. SB 2006 (a) bright (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (f) about (g) been (h) very (i) proper 0) real 44. BB 2006 (a) deforestation (b) forest land (c) cut (d) habitat (e) effect (1) causes (g) damage (h) protection (i) sediment 0) floods 45. CTg 2006 (a) as (b) exactly (c) happened (d) overloaded (e) opposite (1) puller (g) also (h) sitting (i) whom 0) chatting Gap Filling with Clues W orksheet-5.0 Dinajpur Board-2014 happen furious die live execuition know wit declare unpleasant wretch spoil possible Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) __________ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) __________ to stop at his capital on his way to bombay. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told his something (c) _______. At this the king got (d) _______ and condemned him to (e) ________ saying. “ Men like you live?” With ready (h) __________ the astrologer said, “The stars (i) ________ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Dhaka Board-2013 lock join spread violate wound take term injure kill enforce martyr consider Shahed Doctor Shamsuzzhoa is (a) __________ to be the first intellectual who attained (b) ________ during the pre-liberation period of Bangladesh.. Following the (c) ________ of sergent Zohurul Hoque in prison by the autocratic Ayub Khan government, a flame of protest (d) _________ throughout erstwhile East pakistan. On February 17, 1969 section 144 was (e) _________ on Rajshahi city. The student of Rajshahi university who had (f) __________ the protest, took out a procession in (g) _________ of Section 144 and were (h) ___________ in a clash with police in front of the residence of the principal of Rajshahi Medical college. As a result, several students were (i) __________. On hearing this, Doctor Zoha, a professor of chemistry and proctor of the University, rushed to the spot and took the (j) _________ students to hospital. Comilla Board- 2013 manking endanger be save concern mean protection destory species perish spoil change All Species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment gets (a) ______. We should (b) ________ our wildlife to protect the environment from being (c) ______. Many countries are not taking action to protect theirf (d) _______ wildlife. Manking must developy a (e) _______ for wild creatures and must ensure that they will not (f) ___________ (g) _________ wild creatures means destroying ourselves. It is high time we (h) ________ them. Love for animals (i) ________ love for (j) ___________. Rajshahi Board-2013 fundamentally atmosphere deplete fall accumulate eventual endanger give inundate primary grow coal Scientists have recently reported that the poplar ice caps are melting. This is due to a rise in (a) __________ temperatures known as the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ Carbonioxide is (b) _________ responsible for temperature rise in atmosphere. The carbonioxide is (c) ______ off when coal and oil are burnt. This gas is (d) _______ in the air and the ice caps in the north and south poles are melting. This may (e) ________ lead to a rise in the sea levels which could (f) _________ many areas of the globe. The “Greenhouse Effect” is just one of many (g) ________ changes which are taking place in the environment. Tropical rain forests , which took fifty million years (h) _________ are being (i) ______ at the rate of fourteen acres per minute. The total area of the world’s deserts is increasing every year. Many species of animals and plants are (j) __________ with the threat of extinction. Jessore Board – 2013 activate general face freely water remain be troublesome because which log drainage intensify part We (a) _________ fall into jam on the roads and streets. Sometimes, specially in rainy season water (b) _______ stagnant on the road even for 2/3 days, (c) ________ causes a serious traffic jam. Water remains (d) ________ the road from 1 to 1.5 feet. The rain gets (e) _________ with dust, mud etc. Most of the time the (f) ________ system is not active and it becomes (g) __________ for the passerby. The pedestrians (h) ________ a lot of problems as they can’t move (i) ________. The drainage system should be (j) ________ and city authorities should be careful in this respect. Barisal Board- 2013 aware use usual develop mother spontaneous acquisition ability fact acquire learning natural competent communication Communicative competence refers to the (a) ______ to use language appropriately in various circumstances. There are two ways of (b) _________ communicative competence in a language. The first is (c) _______Which is similar to the way people develop ability in their (d) _________ tongue. They are aware only of the (e) _________ that they are (f) _________ the language for (g) ___________ . It is a (h) ________, subconscious process in which users not (i) _________ of acquiring a language. In non-technical terms, acquisition is picking up a language (j) ____________. Sylhet Board- 2013 caprice leisure neglect street scrutiny credit want opinion employment reject friends money Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in the world without (a) _______. To be in (b) _________ of it, is to pass through life with little (c) _________ or pleasure; it is to be despised; it is consulted or else (f) _______ with contempt, it is to be (g) ________ by strangers and neglected by (h) _________, it is to forego (i) _______, freedom, ease of body and mind, to be dependent on the good will and (j) ________ of others. Chittagong Board- 2013 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Dinajpur Board- 2013 enter expansion tremendously universities awards contribute much course traditional students rewards subscribe high Higher education in Britain has experienced a dramatic (a) _______ . One in three young people not (b) _________ higher education compared to one in six in 1989. The number of graduates also has increased (c) _______. There are some (d) ________ in Britain which offer (e) __________ in a wide range of subjects including (f) ___________ arts subjects as well covering tuition fees and a maintenance grant. Parents also (i) ________ the amount depending on their income. The overseas students have to pay very (j) _______ tuition fees. Dhaka Board- 2012 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Comilla Board- 2012 enable educated choice importance healthy food develop protect need education know ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) ________ for the (c) _________of mind. many illiterate people do not have any (d) _________ of health. If they were (e) __________, they could live a (f) __________ and planned life. (g) ________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) _________ us to make the right (i) ______ in life. It enhances our (j) _________ to face our every day problems. Rajshahi Board- 2012 bring need spend give include fail go organize boost close development proper If all the children in Bangladesh (a) _________ to school, the country would get of the curse of illiteracy. To (b) ________ up education, the government, should spend more money. Subsidies must be (c) ________ in the education sector. Teachers are (d) _______ to be trained for good teaching. The poor students can (e) _______ under ‘Food for Education’ program. We should take care that no institution is (f) ________ down due to political clashes. More co-curricular activities are to be (g) ________ to enable students to (h) their non-academic skills-like debate, creative thinking and (i) _______ events etc. It is our social responsibility to educate our children and the (j) _________ of which will lead to catastrophe. Jessore Board- 2012 variety item communication require communicative tradition four foreign purpose international base imply speaks skill English is called an (a) ________ language. In almost all countries, there are people who can (b) _______ English. No other language than English serves the (c) ________ of a common language through which people can (d) _______ with one another across the national border. We should learn English for a great (e) ________ of purpose. English is a skill (f) ________ subject. We should therefore learn the (g) ________ skills of listening, reading and writing. The communicative approach to learning English does not (h) ________ one to know or learn definitions of grammar (i) ________. Traditional grammar has little or no place in learning English through the (j) _______ approach. Sylhet Board- 2012 read use tips see dots print although touch develop bear way call (a) _________ blind people cannot (b) _______, their sense of (c) _______ becomes far more (d) ______ than that of most sighted people. This ability was put to use by a brilliant man (e) _______ Louis Braille. In the early 19th century, he invented a (f) ______ of writing which (g) ______his name. The Braille system reproduces the letters of the alphabet by a series of (h) ______ in certain positions, which are raised on the paper. The blind person runs the (i) ________ of his fingers across the pages of the braille book and can work out the letters and numbers (j) ______________ there. Barisal Board- 2012 Spend commit when unberable nature earn gender world depend suicide married very cost because It is very (a) _______ that man loves his life most of all things and he wants to live or survive a bit longer at any (b) _____. However, every year thousands of people (c) ________ suicide in Bangladesh. It is seen that most of the people commuting suicide are those (d) ______ women who (e) _________ on their husbands for thir living. But why do they commit suicide when people love their lives most? Most probably, they decide to kill them-selves (f) _______ they feel entirely helpless and meaningless to live. The bitterness and sufferings of life become totally (g) ________. However, the incident of suicide among the self- reliant women is (h) _________ rare. So, can’t we say that the unfortunate women would not have committed (i) __________ if they had been self-reliant and had an independent way of (j) ________ their livelihood without being dependent on their husbands? Chittagong Board- 2012 drink eat nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart knowledge preserve mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dinajpur Board- 2012 drink eat available nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart balanced knowledge mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dhaka Board- 2011 spelling language alphabetic find syllable neglect noun life synonyms picture friends antonyms Dictionaries are very important books in the (a) ________ of a people. A dictionary lists the words in a language (b) _______, so that the reader may (c) _________ them easily. A dictionary entry gives us the accepted (d) _______ of a word, its division into (e) ________, its pronunciation, its origins, and its meanings. Sometimes a dictionary also provides (f) ________ or opposites of a word. In addition, if the word is a (g) ______ that describes a visible thing, the dictionary may provide a (h) ______ of it. Dictionaries of the past, present and future can become your teachers and good (i) ______. Don’t (j) _______ them. Comilla Board- 2011 waste community sphere women family returns educate develop children walfare mother sector Education for girls is essential for the development in all (a) ______ of the society. So, investments in the education of (b) _____ will bring in greater (c) _______ in the field of economic and social (d) _______. Educated (f) ______ are more likely to send their (g) ______ to school and look after their health and nutrition. Thus (h) _____ women can contribute to the (i) ______ development. On the other hand, failure to educate women is a tremendous (j) _______ of human resource. Rajshahi Board- 2011 joyous food become remain gift favorite eager want flood invite festive elders Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) ______ on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b) ______. They become very (c) ______ to have wishes from their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) ______ close to their parents. It (f) _____ a nice day, if it is presented anything very (g) ______ to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) _____ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give plesure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ______ mind. Jessore Board- 2011 Identity pioneer leader man than went combining student remember now know then design concept Hamidur Rahman was the (a) _____ who gave shape to the (b) ______ and design of the shaheed minar, by (c) ______ all the aspiration of bengali (d) ______ and nationalism. He was the first art (e) ______ of Bangladesh who in the 1950s (f) _______ to europe and studied at “Ecole de Beaux Art” in paris. He was the (g) ______ of the new painting movement in the (h) ______ Pakistan. But he is most (i) ________ for his remarkable (j) _________ of the Central Shaheed Minar. Sylhet Board- 2011 wake obtain expression go till be moment integral perceive what by use Language (a) _________ an important medium of expression of though, feelings, ideas etc. We use it from the (b) _________ we wake up in the morning (c) ________ we go to bed at night. We use language not only during our (d) ________ hours but also in our dreams. We use language to (e) ________ what we feel and to say (f) _______ we like or dislike. We also use it to (g) _______ information. In short, language is an (h) ________ part of what we do, (i) ________ and believe. We must avoid (j) ________ bad language. Barisal Board- 2011 appear use at afflict differ city alarm due pollute severe increase from suffer rural Many diseases are rising (a) ________ an (b) _______ rate, which experts believe is (c) ________ to increased (d) ________ of the environment. Pollution (e) ______ to be greater in urban areas although rural societies too are (f) _______ by (g) _______ use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Nevertheless, today city people (h) ________ to suffer from many more diseases and suffer more (i) _______ than country people. Now let us see how life in cities is (j) ________ from that in the country. Chittagong Board- 2011 warmer flood change climate catastrophic severely alarm gradual rise evidence destroy unnecessary prediction increase The world is getting (a) _______because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) _______ as a result of pollution. In recent years, there have been many (c) _____ reports that the world’s (d) _________ is undergoing a significant (e) __________. All these reports provide strong (f) _______ that world temperatures are dy by day. Climatologists (h) ________ that mid way through the next century temperature may have (i) _________ as much as 4 dgree centigrae. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) __________ coastal areas and farmlands. Dinajpur Board- 2011 arrive massive remain spectacular round permanent know present right symbol office construction In 1884 France (a) ________ the United states with gift as a dramatic gesture of friendship. This (b) _______ gift was in the form of a huge copper statue. Its (c) ______ name is “Liberty Enlightening the world”. Most people, however, (d) ________ it simply as the statue of liberty. The pieces of the statue (e) _______ in the united states in 214 cases. The French people donated the money for the (f) _____ of the statue. Grateful, the people of the United states collected the funds for the (g) _______ granite and concrete pedestal. This impressive monument found a (h) ______ home on liberty island in New York harbour. At 151 feet and 1 inch high, it (i) ______ one of the largest statues in the world. The monumental lady with the torch quickly became a (j) _______ of American democracy. Dhaka Board- 2010 employ impact plan rural reduce importance lend international growth emphasize poor raise Micro-credit institutions have a great (a) ________ in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank is one oth them which has (b) _______ recognition. It (c) ________ money to the poor especially the (d) ________ women. It (e) ___________ the need to develop skills and (f) _________ consciousness among them. It creates (g) _________ opportunity for rural women. This institution has a positive (h) _________ on their economic-variables and family (i) __________. It also helps to (j) _____________ their poverty. Comilla Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Rajshahi Board- 2010 resources potential create for achievement likely fail have returns from among success Investment in education (a) ___________ girls increases the economic and social (b) __________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) __________ wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _______than those who have (e) ________ no schooling. Educated mothers are more (f) _______to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) _______ in girls education generally results (h) _______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) ______ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) __________. Jessore Board- 2010 traditional only no strategy development run conquer not widespread in privilege alone In ancient times, education was (a) ________ for the general people but a (b) ________ for the chosen few who took on (c) __________ roles in the (d) _________ of the state and in religion. (e) _________ Greece, education became more (f) _________ in about the 5th century BC. The greeks, however, sent (g) _______ their male children to school. When rome was (h) _______ by the Greeks, the Romans under Greek influence (i) ______ a strong (j) _______ of literacy. Sylhet Board- 2010 enables educated choice importance healthy know develop protect need education food ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) _________ for the (c) __________ of mind. Many illiterate people do not have any (d) __________ of health. If they were (e) __________ they could live a (f) _________ and planned life. (g) ____________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) __________ us to make the right (i) ___________ in life. It enhances our (j) ___________ to face our every day problems. Barisal Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Chittagong Board- 2010 solve ensure in vain address work must alays paramount originate uplifiment balance harass call never (a) _____________ illiteracy problem is the (b) __________ task of the hour. We must educate all of our people (c) __________ our balanced development; otherwise all of our development plans must go (d) _________. If we can educate our people, half of our problems will be automatically (e) _______. That’s why, education is (f) ______ the nerve of development. All strength and power to (g) _______ the development of the country (h) ______ from education. So, we (i) ______ give topmost priority on education sector if we really want the (j) ______ of our dear motherland. Dinajpur Board- 2010 add breathe need plant prevent preserve produce protect provide take give wash Trees are very useful to human beings. They (a) ________ the rich top soil from being (b) _________away by rain, water and floods. You can see trees being (c) ______ along mountain slopes, on roadsides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) _______ life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) ______ shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f) ________ in carbon dioxide and (g) _______ oxygen. As you know, by now man (h) _______oxygen to (i) ______ and live. Trees are ouur best friends. We should (j) _________ them and plant more trees around us. Dhaka Board- 2009 resources potential create for among likely fail have returns achievement success from Investment in education (a) _________ girls increases the economic and social (b) _________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) _________wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _________ than those who have (e) ______ no schooling. educated mothers are more (f) ______ to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) ______ in girl’s education generally results (h) ______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) _________ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) ___________. Comilla Board- 2009 growth wife income cost day to day okay intend astonish share expensive ability pretty rented Hellow, my name is Charles karoro and I am a banker. My salary is (a) ___________ but the (b) __________ expenses in Nairobi are (c) ______ high. Both housing and food are (d) _________ in the capital. I have (e) ________ an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f) ______ Maria, who loves gardening, can’t (g) _________ anything. She can’t go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h) _______ alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i) ________. I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover, I am often in a fix about whether I should (j) ________ my income with my brother in the village. Rajshahi Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Jessore Board- 2009 survive surroundings look escape method leaf protect from different move colour fly Animals must be able to (a) __________ themselves from enemies in order to (b) _______. Different animals have (c) _______ ways. Some animals have protective colouring that is their (d) _______changes to match their (e) ______. The common tree toad changes (f) _______ gray to green when it (g) ______ from the trunk of a tree to a green (h) ______. Similarly the dead-leaf butterfly (i) _______ being seen by its enemies because it (j) _______ like a dry leaf. Barisal Board- 2009 with improve not mean maintain upon stop take easily than keep depend raise avoid Overeating (a) ______ taking too much food (b) ______ one needs. We eat (c) ______ to overload out stomach but to (d) ______ a sound health. A sound health (e) _____ on eating habit to some extent. Overeating tells (f) _______ our health. By (g) _______ awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) _______. With a view to (j) ________ our body fit, we should (j) ______ taking too much food. Sylhet Board - 2009 joyful eager remain want gift flood invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) _______ on a day of festival. If it is there birthday, their joys become over (b) ________. They become very (c) _____ to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joys. Usuallly a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e) _______ close to her presents. It becomes a (f) ________ day, if she is presented anything very (g) _______ to her. Children also want to have their friends (h) ________ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ________ mind. Chittagong Board- 2009 carry provide get essential adopt define needs yardstick shelter enhance protect aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) _______ of a human being and is (b) ______ for every kind of development. It (c) ________ us to make right choices in life. It (d) ______ our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) _____ the environment and (f) _______ out our social responsibilities. It (g) ________ us with an enlightened (h) _______ about things, But education has to be (i) ______. It is not merely (j) ______ degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. Dinajpur Board- 2009 attitude amply predetermined ordered ordained sorrows out look belief undergo hold fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a) _____. Quite early in life they learn to (b) ______ that everything in this world was (c) _____. They think all that happens to there was (d) ______ by god. From this belief the poor generally accept their (e) ______. They also (g) _______ a firm belief that those who (h) ______ sufferings in this world will be (i) _______ rewarded in the next world. They also have the same sort of (j) _________ towards illness and disease. Dhaka Board- 2009 friendly beautiful show pace getting on library charming easy probably impression simply residence difference It seems hard to believe that I’ve been in Savar for a whole month now! I promised to write and tell you how I was (a) _____. So here goes. When I first got here I just couldn’t get used to the (b) ______ of life. Now, though, I am learning to take things (c) _______ I am beginning to feel at home. You can’t imagine how (d) _______ the university campus is. Its very large very green and (e) _________ the best campus in the country. It’s _______ (f) _________ wonderful. My first (g) _______ of the students and teachers here is that they are really (h) ______ and helpful. And the (i) ______ is wonderful. As you know, I am staying in a hall of (j) ______ but life here is so different particularly if you are used to home comfort. Comilla Board- 2009 device trained about perform essential great abacus fairly large special recent sense refers called The computer is a fairly (a) ________ invention. It has now become an (b) ______ part of modern life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) _______ revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) ______ that helps people perform mathematical calculation may be (e) ________ a computer (g) ________ to special kind of electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and process (h) _______ masses of information at a (i) ______________ speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j) ________ mathematicians would need years to complete. Gap Filling With Clues Worksheet-5.1 1. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specially The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 2. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Growth Wife Income cost Ability rented Day to day Okey Intend Astonish Expensive Share pretty Hello, my name is Charles Kararo and I am a banker. My salary is (a)--- but the (b)—expenses in Nairobi are (c)—high. Both housing and food are (d)---- in the capital. I have an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f)—Maria, who loves gardening, can't go out to work either because there's no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h)- alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i)--- I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover. I am often in a fix about whether I should (j)-- my income with my brothers in the village. 3. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 4. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specialy process The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 5. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Warming Cut Rise Anticipation Habitats Particularly Provide Increase Exticntion Recklessly Severe Imperative Catastrophe alarming The destruction of forests and other (a)---.is causing the (b)—of varous plants and animals. In the last 25 years alone the world has lost one third of its natural wealth. Forests are being (c)—down. Moreover, they are being burnt (d)—resulting in an (e)--- in carbon dioxide and ultimately the water level is (f)—as a consequence of global (g)--. It is (h)—that the new century will face an overwhelming environments (i)--. It is therefore (j)—check the reckless pollution of the environment. 6. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) -of ubuman 6,6ttg and is (b) - for every kind of development. It (c) -us to make right choices in life. It (d) - our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) -- the environment and (f) - out our social responsibilities. It (g) - us with an enlightened (h) -- about things. But education has to be (i) It is not merely 0) - degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. 7. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box safe cover know develop precaution time recur safe belief possible loss direct compulsory be reduce belief Bangladesh (a) -- in the active earthquake zone. It is (b) - to all Bangladeshis. Experts are alarmed by the (c) - of quakes during recent years. But they give no (d) - answer to the question of (e) - about the buildings of Dhaka city. As there is every (t)=-of earthquakes in Bangladesh, experts call for taking adequate (g) - measures to (h) - losses. RAJUK (i) - that an earthquake resistant building code should be (j)-. 8. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box establlishe transmitted simultancously storee base time made personal clecronic communication easily im prove sent actually E -mail means (a) --mail. It is an electronic (b) - of communication. E-mail (c) - is user to user but telex communication is terminal to terminal. Telephone connection often takes a lot of time to be (d) -- because both the caller and the called must be present (e)- `Bwt e-mail is a computer (f) -- system and thernessages that are (g)- via the computer become (h) -- in the mail box of an individuals (i) - computer without the need of his being (j)--- present. Thus, e-mail saves both time and money. 9. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 10. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) ---(b)--- for every kindof development. It (c)—right choices in life. It (d)---our ability to raise crops, store food, (e)—the environment and (f)—out “our social responsibilities. It (g)—us with an enlightened (h)—about things. But education has to be (i)--. It is not merely (j)—degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane 11. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 12. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 13. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Eager Joyous Become Remain Festive Favourite Food Want Flood Invite Gift elders Children are very fond o 'festivals. They become very (a) - on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys be over (b) -. They become very (c) - to have wishes form their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) - to times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) - close to their parents. It (f) - a nice da is presented anything very (g) - to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) - to their house on a festival . expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) -.- We should try to keep the children always in a (j)---mind. 14. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drink Eat Available Nutrition Satisfy Happen Lack Need Heart Balanced Knowledge Preserve Mind for While (a)—food we should bear in (b)—that we don’t eat just to (c)—hunger or to fill the belly. We eat to (d)—our health. For good health a man (e)—good food. Sometimes it so (f)—that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g)—of science and health and (h)--. They do not know how to select a (i)—diet from the many foods that are (j)—to them. 15. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box flood rise climate warmer alarm unnecessarily prediction change evidence destroy catastrophically gradual severely increase The world is getting (a) - because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) - as a result Qf pollution. In the recent years there have been (c) - reports that the world's (d) - is undergoing a significant (e) -. All these reports provide strong (f) - that world temperatures are (g) - day by day. Climatologists (h) - that mid way through the next century temperatures may have (i) - as much as 4°C. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) -coastal areas and farm lands. 16. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Find Prevail Both Available Neat Caterers Appeal Take Submit Looking Be Collection Look book A library serves as the source of knowledge (a)—for the students and the teachers. It is a large (b)—of book. Among these, there are books on courses that are taught in different classes. There (c)—books on extracurricular subjects also. In the library, newspapers and priodicals are also (d)--. The library (e)—to the tastes of different people. Books are arranged in shelves (f) -. There are library assistants who are also helpful for the readers. One head librarian (g) - after the library. So the readers do not have any problem in (h) - out the right book. There is also a reading room where silence (i) -. One can also take books from the library for reading at home by (j) - library cards to the librarian 17. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box joyful eager remain want gift food invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a)---on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b)---- They become very (c)----to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d)----to spend times in joys. Usually a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e)---close to her presents. It becomes a (fl day, if she is presented anything very (g) to her. Children also want to have their friends (h)----to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i)----We should try to keep the children always in a (j) mind. 18. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Go Have Find Lose Die Are Way consider Prefer Enjoy Be Dead Preference Take Bound get We find changes in amusement and entertainment that (a)—taken place over time. Common forms of entertainment like snake charming, puppet shows, jarigan (b)—popular in the past past are gradually (c)—their appeal. They are (d)—out. We don’t (e)—the existence of many of these. Now people like to (f)—T.V. they (g)—concert, disco, pop etc. All the changes that have (h)—place today are not (i)—good. Sometimes people are (j)—to receive some bad aspects of Western culture. 19. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Educate Recreation Religion Original Question Broadcast Sent Aim Facilities Concern Look Consider Though taken Tcievlsion, a source of much knowledge, pleasure, and information and a widely used media of mass communication, is now being (a) - at from a different point of view. Is the TV really doing good, especially to the youngsters of our w+ generation? It is an important (b) - both to ask and to answer indeed. Looked from an (c) - point of view, the TV is to be (d) - one of the most effective means of educating both the students and the public as a whole. Again, it has almost become the most effective and popular means of people's (e) -. Films, dramas, songs, dances, comedy scrim-all these are very attractive packages of programmes. As a means of communications TV is, (f) - not the most atqpcr*artt. yet the most effective and useful means of communication. Up to this point, we must say that the TV is doing good to our youngsters by educating them and by giving them recreational (g) -. But as far as the satellite TV is (h)--- we cannot say this for certainly. The commercial package programmes (i) - by satellite TVs are detrimental to our young generation, pernicious to our societies, threatening to our values and traditions and (j)—beliefs. 20. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box mentally educated genius help development useful assist sympathetic wise improve provides self-reliant called equip Proper education (a) - a learner with opportunities to (b) - all his latent talents. Its aim is to (c) - him physically and (d) - so that he can be (e) - to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f) -- but he also (g) - -others in attaining self-reliance. He is supposed to be wellmannered, kind and (h)- -. So a man who has acquired knowledge and skill only for his material development cannot be (i) - a truly (j)---man. 21. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Husband Consider Dominated Happy Protect Education Issue Beat Law Healthy Save subsevient Women un our society have always been considered (a)—to men. The majority of houses are being (b)—usually by (c)--and women most often have no say in opinion. Their opinion is (d)--unnecessary even in such important (e) -- as the number of children they would like to have. In many households they arc (f) -by the husbands. To (g) -- their rights the Govt has introduced law. But (h) --sometimes can't (i)---them. So, what is more needed for them is the proper (j)-- - . 22. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 23. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 24. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)--- -away, let him not come here again." 25. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Attitude Amply Predetermined Ordered Ordained Sorrows Out look Belief Undergo Hold Fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a0--. Quite early inlife they learn to (b)—that everything in this world was (c)--. They think all that happens to them was (d)—by God. From this belief the poor generaly accept their (e)--. They also accept all their (f)—and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also(g)—a firm belief that those who (h)— sufferings in this world will be (i)—rewarded in the world. have the same sort of (j)—tpwards illness and diseases. 26. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 27. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Aware Using Communication Spanteneously Able Develop Acquisitive Mother Naturally Usual Competence language Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines,paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)--them and plant more trees around us. 28. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Bought Reading Wanted Failry How Experience Effective Start Important Laughed Experiment several Two friends, Raghib and Adeeb, (a)—to learn how to ride a bicycle. Adeeb (b)—a book called “How to Ride a bicycle” and started (c)—it. On the other hand, Raghib took out his bicycle on the street and (d)--- trying to ride it. He fell off several times and Adeeb (e)—at him. However, by the time Adeeb finished the first chapter of his book, Raghib was riding his bicycle (f)—well. Adeeb knew (g)—the bicycle worked but did not know how to use it from first hand (h)--. Learning a language is like riding a bicycle. The most (i)—thing about any language is communication. You learn to communicate (j)—by using a language, by doing things with it and by experiencing it. 29. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Conduct Become Spare Pursuit Travel Major Leisure Work Spend Physically Make love For the Germens, leaisure has become a major (a)--. Formerly, Germans used to (b)—ten hours a day and six days a week and had very little time for (c)--. But in modern times working hours in Germany have (d)—shorter stretching over five days only. People have therefore more time to (e)— now than in the past. They are so interested in (f)—their free time effectively that there is even a German Leisure Association that (g)—research on leisure activities. The Germans love to (h)—and almost half of all adults in Germany have (i)—a trip outside the country just for pleasure and relaxation. There are also many sports centres where young people go for (j)—excersise. 30. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Originated Grow Bcomes Careful Appearance Miniature Fond Containers Normal High Contribute remain Bonsai is the art of (a)—trees and other plants in small (b)—in such a way that it (c)—the miniature of a real tree. A Bonsai tree may be 10 years old but have a (d)—of one foot only. The art of Bonsai (e)—perhaps more than 1000 years ago in China. Early Japanese aristocrats also showed a (f)—for Bonsai and (g)—greatly to its development. Bonsai is different from (h)—pot planting as it is considered an art form. A Bonsai tree is (i)— shaped to remain small but still has the (j)—of a large tree. 31. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Flow Take Largely Help Cut Bottom Spread Allow Container Cover Beauty tie Bonsai plant does not need (a)—pots but small containers and not much of soil. A Bonsai (b)—has holes in the bottom which are (c0—with small nets so that the soil does not (d)--- out with the water the plant is then (e)—out of its original pot and one-third of its root is (f0—our. It is then ties to the (g)—of the pot with the (h)—to wires. Soil is then (i)—over it to cover the container but about an inch of the root is (j)—to stay above the soil to enhance beauty. 32. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Argue Crowd Empty Kept Plan Seat Moved Make Quarrel Push Get rudely Farid got on the bus to go to college. The bus was (a)—as usual. The bus conductor pushed him aside and (b)---rude remarks for standing in the way. Farid (c)—quie, there was a seat beside him in which he (d)—to sit down as soon as it got (e)—but the moment it was vacant another passanger (f)—him rudely and grabbed the (g)--. Farid was extremely annoyed but smply (h)—way from the seat. “What’s the point of (i)—now?”- he thought. The seat is lost and there’s no point in (j)—about it now. 33. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Laugh Urgue Sit Try Think Go Dance Bring Scene Give Notice Sing Sohel was going on a picnic with his friends. Many of his friends started (a)—and singing in the bus he kept (b)—in his seat smiling and enjoining the (c)--. He just wouldn’t move even when they (d)—him to join them, “I can’t sing so well. You will (e)—if I sing” he said. “we can’t sing either, but it’s fun. Why don’t you just (f)—it a try? Besides, nobody will (g)—if you sing in a group.” They (h)—to convince him. But Sohel just couldn’t (i)— himself to sing. He was too worried about what people would (j)--. 34. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Shout Debating Think Scream Organize Interest Happy Join Find Write Want Fahima’s college wanted to introduce a (a)—club. So, they gave her the responsibility of (b)—the club and finding out people who were (c)—in debating. Fahima (d)—agreed. She went around to every class when the teacher was not there and (e)—“We are having a debating club. Who wants to (f)--? Give me your names now or (g)—over it then let me know in two days. You will (h)—me in the common room.” One of her friends said, “Why don’t you just (i)—it down as a notice and put it up on the notice board? You won’t have to scream like this then.” “Oh I don’t mind (j)--. 35. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drive Feeling Possess Go Consider Pierce Normally Beats Draw Control In Panambanam in Indonesia, worshipers (a)—themselves to be (b)—by god in this state, they are able to (c)—needle through their cheeks and tongues without (d)—any pain. In the island of Bali, Indonedia, dancers meditate and make themselves (e)—into trance-like state. They can then (f) their bodies with daggers without (g)—out any blood. Fakirs who practise ‘Yoga’ learn to (h)—their beathing to such an extent that their heart (i)—at only two beats a minuet whereas a (j)--- human heart beats 70-80 times per minuete. 36. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Environmental Interrelated Refer Part Live Hang biosphere Related Ecology Elements Link Make us The environment (a)—to the air, water and land in which people, animals and plants (b0--. So human beings, animals, air, water and soil are the main (c)—of the environment. The natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes are also (d)-- of this environment. Climate is thus a condition of the (e)--. All things that make up the environment are (f)— The way in which people, animals and plants are (g)—to each other and to their surroundings is known as (h)--. The ecosystem is a complex web that (i)—animals, plants and every form in the biosphere. All these things (j0—together. 37. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Products Stand Use Wash Responsible Environment mix Mix Dump Throw Water, another vital elements of the (a)—is also polluted in different ways. Man (b)— water by throwing waste into it. Farmers (c)—chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods (d)—away some of these chemicals, they get (e)—with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also (f)—their poisonous chemicals and waste (g0—into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by (h)—oil, food waste and human waste into them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains (i)—on river and canals banks are also (j)—for further pollution. Thus, water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. 38. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Wildlife Develop Wild Change Spoil Save Protect Maintain Lost Take balance We know that all species are important for (a)—ecological balance. If one is (b)—the whole natural environemnt (c)-. In order to protect the environment from being (d)--. We should therefore (e)—our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now (f)— action to protect their endangered (g)--. George Haycock, author of several books on wildlife, writes: “Mankind must (h)—a concern for (i)- creatures and a determination that these wild species will not perish.” We should save the earth’s wild creatures to (j)—ourselves. To be kind to animals is to be kind to mankind. 39. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Recurrence Straight Adequate Lies Safe Event Unknown Follow Called Resident Give alarmed How (a)—wil the buildings in the city of Dhaka be in the (b)—of an earthquake? Experts give no (c)—to this question, but call for taking (d)—precautions to minimize loses. That Bangladesh (e)—in the active earthquake zones is not (f)—to Bangladeshis. Alarmed by the (g0—of quakes during recent years, experts have (h)—for the development of an earthquake (i)—building code that all building should (j)--- as mandatory. 40. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Keep Next House Close Closed Study Get Come Kept Sit Concentrate Compel Riaz is fed up with his (a)--- door neighbours. His bed is very (b)—to theirs. Every time, he (c)—down to study in the evening, there (d)—the “Blaring sound of the television from the (e)—next door. It seems that the TV is (f)—on the whole evening. It becomes very difficult for him to (g)—on his studies. In winter, he can bear it by (h)—his window closed but in summer it (i) too hot and stuffy if the window is kept (j) .

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution

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IELTS Vocabulary for letter writing Advanced Vocabulary for Letter Writing advanced vocabulary, words, collocation, phrase with meaning and examples for ielts letter writing to achieve band 9 Inevitable: something that is certain to happen, unavoidable Example: It was inevitable that the company would face financial difficulties given the current economic situation. Mitigate: to make something less severe, harmful or painful Example: Measures have been taken to mitigate the impact of the drought on the local farming community. Subsequently: happening or coming after something else Example: The report highlighted the problems with the product and subsequently, sales declined. Invariably: always, without exception Example: The team invariably performs well under pressure. Disseminate: to spread information, knowledge or ideas to a large number of people Example: The government is working to disseminate information about the benefits of renewable energy. Pervasive: widespread, existing or present everywhere Example: The pervasive use of social media has changed the way people communicate with each other. Alleviate: to make something less severe, reduce or ease the pain or suffering Example: The new medication has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of the disease. Evidently: clearly, obviously, plainly Example: The company's financial reports evidently showed a decline in profits over the past year. Facilitate: to make something easier or convenient, to help or assist in the process Example: The new software was designed to facilitate communication between different departments. Invariably: always, without exception Example: The team invariably performs well under pressure. Ostensibly: apparently, seemingly, apparently true but not necessarily so Example: The company's decision to lay off workers was ostensibly due to budget cuts, but there may have been other reasons. Pragmatic: practical, sensible, realistic Example: The company took a pragmatic approach to the problem and found a solution that worked for everyone. Aforementioned: previously mentioned, already referred to Example: The aforementioned proposal has been approved by the board of directors. Incongruous: not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something, out of place Example: The modern architecture of the building seemed incongruous in the historic district. Exacerbate: to make something worse, more severe or more intense Example: The lack of rainfall will exacerbate the water shortage in the area. Disparate: fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind Example: The two companies had disparate approaches to marketing their products. Superfluous: unnecessary, extra, surplus to requirements Example: The report contained a lot of superfluous information that could have been omitted. Ubiquitous: present or found everywhere, widespread Example: The use of smartphones has become ubiquitous in modern society. Reciprocate: to respond to a gesture or action by making a corresponding one, to give back in return Example: The company promised to reciprocate the loyalty shown by its customers. Idiosyncrasy: a unique or peculiar habit or characteristic Example: His idiosyncrasy of always wearing a hat was a source of amusement to his colleagues. 99 Acquiesce: to accept or agree to something without objection Example: Despite her reservations, she eventually acquiesced to his plan. Ameliorate: to make something better, improve Example: The new regulations aim to ameliorate the situation for workers in the industry. Anomaly: something that deviates from what is expected or normal Example: The unusually high temperatures in the region were seen as an anomaly by meteorologists. Antithesis: the direct opposite of something Example: The author used the character of the villain as the antithesis of the hero. Apathy: lack of interest or concern, indifference Example: The students' apathy towards their studies was a cause for concern for their teachers. Arbitrary: based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system Example: The company's decision to lay off certain employees seemed arbitrary and unfair. Arcane: understood by few, mysterious or obscure Example: The legal jargon used in the contract was arcane and difficult to understand. Assiduous: showing great care, attention and effort Example: The lawyer's assiduous preparation helped him win the case. Autonomy: the right or condition of self-government, independence Example: The region was granted autonomy from the central government. Avarice: extreme greed for wealth or material gain Example: The CEO's avarice led to unethical business practices and a decline in company morale. Bellicose: inclined or eager to fight, aggressive or hostile Example: The politician's bellicose rhetoric increased tensions between the two countries. Benevolent: well-meaning and kindly, characterized by goodwill Example: The charity's benevolent actions helped many people in need. Cacophony: a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds Example: The construction site was filled with a cacophony of noise. Capitulate: to surrender, give up resistance, yield Example: The rebels eventually capitulated and laid down their arms. Cathartic: providing emotional release, therapeutic Example: Writing in a journal can be a cathartic way to deal with stress and anxiety. Cogent: clear, logical and convincing, compelling Example: The lawyer presented a cogent argument for his client's innocence. Conjecture: an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information, speculation Example: The author's theory about the meaning of the novel's ending was pure conjecture. Convoluted: complex and difficult to follow, intricate Example: The instructions for assembling the furniture were convoluted and confusing. Credence: belief or acceptance of something as true, credibility Example: The new evidence gave credence to the witness's testimony. Cryptic: having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure, enigmatic Example: The message left on her phone was cryptic and difficult to understand. Dearth: a scarcity or lack of something, shortage Example: The drought caused a dearth of crops and food supplies. Decadence: moral or cultural decline, decay, self-indulgence Example: The city's reputation for decadence and excess drew many tourists. Demagogue: a leader who appeals to people's emotions and prejudices, rather than reason or truth, a rabble-rouser Example: The politician was accused of being a demagogue who preyed on people's fears. Denigrate: to criticize unfairly, disparage Example: The columnist's article denigrated the work of a respected scientist. Deride: to ridicule or mock, make fun of Example: The comedian's routine often derided politicians and public figures. Despot: a ruler who exercises absolute power, often in a cruel or oppressive way Example: The despot's reign was characterized by widespread human rights abuses. Diatribe: a forceful and bitter verbal attack or criticism Example: The politician's speech was a diatribe against his opponents. Diligent: hard-working and careful, industrious Example: The student's diligent studying paid off with excellent grades. Disparate: essentially different in kind, not allowing comparison Example: The two paintings were so disparate in style and subject matter that it was hard to believe they were created by the same artist. Dissonance: a lack of harmony or agreement, a discordant sound Example: The dissonance between the two musicians' playing was distracting to the audience. Ebullient: cheerful and full of energy, enthusiastic Example: The team's ebullient spirit carried them to victory. Eclectic: deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources Example: The restaurant's menu was eclectic, featuring dishes from a variety of cuisines. Egregious: outstandingly bad or shocking, flagrant Example: The company's treatment of its workers was egregious and drew public outcry. Eloquent: fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing, articulate Example: The speaker's eloquent words inspired the audience. Empathy: the ability to understand and share the feelings of others Example: The therapist's empathy helped her connect with her clients and facilitate their healing. Enigmatic: difficult to understand, mysterious Example: The artist's enigmatic paintings left many viewers puzzled. Epitome: a perfect example of something, the embodiment of a quality or characteristic Example: The athlete was considered the epitome of dedication and hard work. Equanimity: calmness and composure, especially in difficult situations Example: The leader's equanimity in times of crisis inspired confidence in his followers. Esoteric: intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest Example: The scientific paper's esoteric language made it inaccessible to the average reader. Euphemism: a mild or indirect word or expression used in place of one considered to be too harsh or blunt Example: The obituary used the euphemism "passed away" instead of the more direct "died." Evanescent: soon passing out of sight, memory, or existence, fleeting Example: The beauty of the sunset was evanescent, disappearing quickly behind the horizon. Exacerbate: to make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse Example: The CEO's decision to lay off workers during a pandemic only served to exacerbate the economic crisis. Exculpate: to clear from blame, exonerate Example: The evidence presented in court exculpated the defendant and proved his innocence. Exemplary: serving as a desirable model, commendable, praiseworthy Example: The student's exemplary behavior and academic performance earned her a scholarship. Extol: to praise highly, laud Example: The coach extolled the team's hard work and dedication during their championship run. Facetious: treating serious issues with inappropriate humor, flippant Example: The comedian's facetious remarks about a recent tragedy were met with criticism. Fallacious: based on a mistaken belief, misleading Fastidious: very attentive to detail, meticulous, hard to please Example: The editor was fastidious in her attention to grammar and syntax. Fluctuate: to rise and fall irregularly in number or amount, vary Example: The stock market's value fluctuated wildly in response to economic news. Fortuitous: happening by chance or luck, fortunate Example: The singer's chance encounter with a music producer proved fortuitous and launched her career. Frivolous: not having any serious purpose or value, trivial Example: The lawsuit was dismissed as frivolous, without merit. Garrulous: excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters Example: The old man's garrulous ramblings were a source of annoyance to his family. Gregarious: fond of company, sociable Example: The party was a hit with the gregarious crowd, who enjoyed mingling and socializing. Harbinger: a person or thing that signals or foreshadows something to come Example: The first drops of rain were a harbinger of the storm to come. Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others Example: The country's economic hegemony gave it significant influence over global trade. Iconoclast: a person who challenges or criticizes established beliefs or customs, a rebel Example: The artist was an iconoclast, whose provocative work challenged societal norms. Idiosyncrasy: a unique or peculiar behavior or characteristic, a quirk Example: The writer's idiosyncratic style and use of language made his work stand out. Ignominious: deserving or causing public disgrace or shame Example: The politician's ignominious resignation followed a scandal involving corruption. Impetus: the force or energy that makes something happen or happen more quickly, motivation Example: The team's recent successes provided the impetus for the coach to continue pushing them to do better. Impute: to attribute or ascribe a quality or responsibility to someone or something Example: The success of the project was imputed to the hard work and dedication of the team. Inane: lacking significance, silly, foolish Example: The comedian's jokes were often criticized as inane and unfunny. Incessant: continuing without interruption, unceasing Example: The sound of the nearby construction was incessant, making it difficult to concentrate. Incisive: penetrating, sharp, clear-thinking Example: The journalist's incisive questions revealed important information about the scandal. Incongruous: not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something, inappropriate Example: The garish decorations were incongruous with the elegant surroundings of the restaurant. Indolent: lazy, avoiding work or physical activity Example: The student's indolent attitude towards studying resulted in poor grades. Ineffable: too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words, indescribable Example: The beauty of the sunset was ineffable, beyond words. Inexorable: impossible to stop or prevent, relentless Example: The inexorable passage of time is a universal truth. Infinitesimal: extremely small, negligible Example: The difference in the two measurements was infinitesimal and had no significant impact on the results. Ingenuous: innocent and unsuspecting, naïve Example: The young girl's ingenuous nature made her an easy target for the con artist. Inscrutable: impossible to understand or interpret, mysterious Example: The politician's true motives were incredibly inscrutable, leaving many wondering about his true intentions. Insidious: working or spreading harmfully in a gradual or subtle way, deceptive Example: The insidious influence of social media on mental health is a growing concern. Insipid: lacking flavor or interest, dull, boring Example: The food at the restaurant was insipid and uninspired. Intrepid: fearless, adventurous, brave Example: The explorer was known for his intrepid spirit, always eager to take on new challenges. Inundate: to overwhelm with something, flood Example: The office was inundated with paperwork, making it difficult to keep up. Inveigle: to persuade or entice someone to do something by flattery or deception, coax Example: The salesperson inveigled the customer into buying a product they didn't really need. Juxtapose: to place two things side by side for the purpose of comparison or contrast Example: The artist's latest work juxtaposed images of beauty with those of destruction, creating a powerful commentary on society. Languid: lacking energy or enthusiasm, slow, relaxed Example: The hot weather made everyone feel languid and unmotivated. Laconic: using few words, concise, terse Example: The boss's laconic instructions left the team confused about what was expected of them. Lethargic: lacking energy or enthusiasm, sluggish, lazy Example: The student felt lethargic after staying up late to study for exams. Loquacious: tending to talk a lot, talkative Example: The loquacious salesman talked the customer's ear off, trying to convince them to buy a product. Magnanimous: generous and forgiving, unselfish Example: The athlete showed magnanimous sportsmanship by congratulating their opponent on their win. Malevolent: having or showing a desire to harm others, evil Example: The villain's malevolent actions caused chaos and destruction. Malleable: capable of being shaped or molded, adaptable Example: The malleable material was easy to work with and could be formed into various shapes. Maverick: a person who thinks and acts in an independent or unconventional way, nonconformist Example: The artist was a maverick, known for their innovative and unconventional approach to their work. Meander: to follow a winding and indirect course, wander aimlessly Example: The river meandered through the countryside, providing a scenic view for hikers. Mellifluous: sweet and pleasant sounding, melodious Example: The singer's mellifluous voice was a joy to listen to. Mercurial: subject to sudden or unpredictable changes in mood or mind, volatile Example: The boss's mercurial behavior made it difficult for their employees to know how to approach them. Metaphorically: used in a way that suggests a metaphor, symbolically Example: The artist used metaphorically charged images to convey a deeper meaning in their work. Meticulous: showing great attention to detail, precise, thorough Example: The architect's meticulous planning resulted in a flawless design. Misanthrope: a person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society, cynic Example: The misanthrope withdrew from society, finding solace in solitude. Misogynist: a person who dislikes, despises, or is strongly prejudiced against women, sexist Example: The politician's misogynistic comments sparked outrage and condemnation. Mitigate: to make less severe or intense, alleviate Example: The company implemented policies to mitigate the effects of workplace stress on its employees. Modicum: a small amount of something, a little bit Example: The artist had a modicum of talent, but lacked the dedication to fully develop their skills. Morose: gloomy, sullen, ill-tempered Example: The morose atmosphere of the funeral reflected the sadness and loss of the occasion. Myriad: a countless or extremely large number, multitude Example: The museum had a myriad of exhibits, showcasing a diverse range of art and artifacts. Nefarious: wicked or criminal, evil Example: The nefarious activities of the criminal organization were finally exposed by law enforcement. Nihilistic: rejecting all religious and moral principles, believing life is meaningless, pessimistic Example: The nihilistic philosophy of the character in the book reflected a dark and despairing worldview. Nominal: existing in name only, not actual, symbolic Example: The salary increase was nominal, barely enough to cover the cost of living. Nostalgic: feeling a sentimental longing for a past time or place, wistful Example: The old photograph brought back nostalgic memories of a happy childhood. Novice: a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation, beginner Example: The novice skier took lessons to learn the basics before hitting the slopes. Nuance: a subtle difference or distinction, shade of meaning Example: The actor's performance was nuanced, conveying a range of emotions through subtle gestures and expressions. Obfuscate: to make something unclear or difficult to understand, confuse Example: The politician obfuscated the truth, making it difficult for the public to know what was really going on. Oblivious: unaware or unconcerned about what is happening around one, ignorant Example: The distracted driver was oblivious to the pedestrians crossing the street. Obtuse: slow to understand or perceive, dull-witted Example: The student's obtuse response to the question revealed a lack of understanding of the material. Omnipotent: having unlimited power or authority, all-powerful Example: The deity in the myth was described as an omnipotent force that controlled the universe. Onerous: involving a great deal of effort or difficulty, burdensome Example: The onerous task of writing a thesis required months of research and writing. Opaque: not able to be seen through, not transparent, unclear Example: The fog was so opaque that it was difficult to see more than a few feet ahead. Opulent: ostentatiously rich and luxurious, lavish Example: The opulent palace was decorated with gold and precious stones, showcasing the wealth and power of its owners. Orthodox: conforming to traditional or established beliefs or practices, conventional Example: The Orthodox Church adheres to traditional practices and beliefs that have been passed down through generations. Ostensible: stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so, supposed Example: The ostensible reason for the company's layoffs was budget cuts, but many suspected there was more to the story. Panacea: a solution or remedy for all problems, cure-all Example: The politician promised that his plan would be a panacea for the country's economic woes. Paradoxical: seemingly contradictory but nonetheless true, ironic Example: The paradoxical statement "less is more" suggests that simplicity can be more effective than complexity. Pariah: a social outcast, someone who is rejected or despised by society, exile Example: The artist was considered a pariah by the art establishment, who dismissed her work as unconventional and unappealing. Pensive: engaged in deep or serious thought, contemplative Example: The pensive expression on the philosopher's face suggested that he was grappling with complex ideas. Perfunctory: done without care or interest, cursory Example: The employee's perfunctory response to the customer's complaint only made the situation worse. Perspicacious: having a keen insight or understanding, perceptive Example: The perspicacious detective was able to solve the case by noticing a small detail that others had overlooked. Petulant: childishly sulky or bad-tempered, moody Example: The petulant teenager slammed the door and shouted at his parents when they told him he couldn't go out with his friends. Philistine: a person who is indifferent to culture and the arts, uncultured Example: The businessman was often criticized for his philistine attitude towards the arts, dismissing them as frivolous and unimportant. Pious: devoutly religious, righteous Example: The pious nun devoted her life to prayer and service to her community. Plausible: seeming reasonable or probable, believable Example: The scientist presented a plausible theory that explained the unusual phenomena observed in the experiment. Pompous: self-important, arrogant, grandiose Example: The professor's pompous tone and pretentious language made it difficult for his students to engage with his lectures. Precarious: not securely held or in position, dangerously unstable, uncertain Example: The construction worker was in a precarious position, balancing on a narrow ledge high above the ground. Precipitous: dangerously high or steep, sudden and dramatic, abrupt Example: The hiker had to be careful not to slip on the precipitous slope, which dropped sharply down to the valley below. Pristine: in its original condition, unspoiled, immaculate Example: The beach was pristine, with crystal-clear water and pure white sand. Proclivity: a tendency to choose or do something regularly, inclination Example: The artist had a proclivity for bold colors and abstract forms in her work. Prodigal: wastefully extravagant, recklessly spending money, lavish Example: The prodigal son spent all his inheritance on frivolous luxuries, leaving him destitute and alone. Profuse: abundant, lavish, excessive Example: The chef garnished the dish with profuse amounts of herbs and spices, giving it a rich and complex flavor. Prolific: producing many works, products, or offspring, fruitful Example: The author was a prolific writer, publishing dozens of books and articles over the course of her career. Propitious: indicating a good chance of success, favorable Example: The propitious weather conditions were perfect for a successful harvest. Pungent: having a sharp, strong smell or taste, spicy Example: The pungent aroma of garlic and onions filled the kitchen as the chef prepared the dish. Quaint: charmingly old-fashioned, picturesque Example: The small town's quaint architecture and cobblestone streets made it a popular tourist destination. Quandary: a state of uncertainty or confusion, dilemma Example: The CEO was in a quandary about whether to invest in new technology or stick with the tried and true methods. Quell: to put an end to, suppress, calm Example: The police were able to quell the riot using tear gas and forceful measures. Querulous: complaining in a whiny or petulant manner, grumbling Example: The querulous child wouldn't stop complaining about the lack of toys in the waiting room. Quixotic: idealistic but impractical, unrealistic Example: The politician's quixotic promises of world peace were met with skepticism by the public. Rancorous: bitter, resentful, hostile Example: The rancorous feud between the two families lasted for generations, with neither side willing to back down. Rapacious: aggressively greedy, grasping, insatiable Example: The rapacious businessman cared only about making money, with little regard for the well-being of his employees. Rapturous: ecstatic, blissful, overjoyed Example: The audience gave a rapturous standing ovation to the talented young musician. Rectify: to make something right, correct, amend Example: The manager promised to rectify the mistake and make things right with the dissatisfied customer. Redolent: evocative, suggestive, reminiscent Example: The redolent scent of pine trees and wood smoke reminded the traveler of his childhood in the countryside. Redoubtable: formidable, intimidating, impressive Example: The redoubtable boxer had never been defeated in the ring, earning him a reputation as one of the greatest fighters of all time. Refute: to prove to be false, deny, disprove Example: The scientist was able to refute the popular theory with evidence from his experiments. Regale: to entertain or amuse someone with stories or events, entertain Example: The host regaled her guests with anecdotes from her travels around the world. Relegate: to consign to an inferior or less important position, demote Example: The employee was relegated to a lower position after failing to meet the company's performance standards. Relinquish: to give up or let go of something, surrender Example: The athlete was forced to relinquish his title after failing a drug test. Remiss: negligent, careless, failing to fulfill one's duty Example: The teacher was remiss in not grading her students' assignments for weeks, causing them to fall behind in their studies. Repudiate: to reject or disown something or someone, renounce Example: The politician repudiated the controversial statements made by his campaign manager. Resilient: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions, tough Example: The people of the city showed their resilient spirit by rebuilding after the devastating earthquake. Resolute: determined, unwavering, firm in purpose Example: The young athlete was resolute in his goal of becoming an Olympic champion, training tirelessly every day. Resplendent: shining brightly, dazzling, radiant Example: The bride looked resplendent in her glittering wedding gown and diamond jewelry. Reticent: reserved, uncommunicative, reluctant to speak Example: The normally reticent student surprised everyone by giving an eloquent speech at the school assembly. Retrograde: moving backward, declining, regressing Example: The company's retrograde policies and outdated technology caused it to fall behind its competitors. Reverent: showing deep respect or admiration, worshipful Example: The congregation was reverent during the church service, bowing their heads in prayer and singing hymns. Rhetoric: the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, language designed to impress or persuade Example: The politician's speech was full of empty rhetoric and promises, without any concrete plans for action. Ribald: vulgar, indecent, humorous in a rude way Example: The comedian's ribald jokes offended some of the more conservative members of the audience. Rife: widespread, common, prevalent Example: The city was rife with crime and corruption, making it a dangerous place to live. Sagacious: wise, insightful, shrewd Example: The sagacious old man had a wealth of knowledge and experience, making him a sought-after advisor. Salient: prominent, noticeable, conspicuous Example: The most salient feature of the skyline was the towering skyscraper in the center of the city. Sanguine: optimistic, confident, cheerful Example: Despite the setbacks, the team remained sanguine about their chances of winning the championship. Sardonic: mocking, sarcastic, cynical Example: The writer's sardonic wit and biting commentary made him a favorite among critics. Scrupulous: conscientious, careful, thorough Example: The lawyer was known for his scrupulous attention to detail, ensuring that no detail was overlooked in his cases. Seditious: inciting rebellion or resistance against the government or authority, subversive Example: The seditious speech made by the activist was met with condemnation by the authorities. Seminal: original, influential, groundbreaking Example: The scientist's seminal research laid the foundation for the field of genetics. Serendipitous: occurring by chance, lucky, fortuitous Example: The discovery of the new planet was a serendipitous occurrence, as the astronomer was not even looking for it. Squalid: dirty, sordid, squalid Example: The homeless people lived in squalid conditions, with no access to basic sanitation or clean water. Staid: sedate, dignified, serious Example: The professor's staid demeanor and formal attire gave him an air of authority in the classroom. Stolid: unemotional, impassive, showing little emotion Example: The detective's stolid expression gave nothing away, even as he uncovered the shocking truth about the crime. Sublime: impressive, awe-inspiring, magnificent Example: The view from the mountaintop was sublime, with the sun setting over the horizon and the valleys stretching out below. Succinct: brief, concise, to the point Example: The journalist's succinct article covered all the key points of the story in just a few paragraphs. Supercilious: arrogant, haughty, condescending Example: The supercilious millionaire looked down on anyone who was not as wealthy or successful as he was. Supine: lying on one's back, inactive, passive Example: The patient remained supine in the hospital bed, recovering from the surgery. Sycophantic: fawning, obsequious, overly flattering Example: The sycophantic employee constantly praised the boss in an attempt to gain favor. Syncretic: blending different cultures or beliefs, eclectic Example: The syncretic music of the region combined traditional African and European styles, creating a unique sound. Taciturn: quiet, reserved, uncommunicative Example: The taciturn artist preferred to let his work speak for itself, rather than giving interviews or explaining his art. Tantamount: equivalent, equal in value or effect Example: The CEO's decision to cut costs was tantamount to laying off half the company's employees. Tenuous: weak, fragile, thin, uncertain Example: The relationship between the two countries was tenuous, with a history of conflict and distrust. Terse: brief, concise, curt Example: The manager's terse email gave clear instructions but left no room for discussion. Timorous: timid, fearful, shy Example: The timorous child clung to her mother's leg, afraid to speak to the strangers in the room. Torpid: sluggish, inactive, lethargic Example: The torpid sloth spent most of its day sleeping in the trees, moving only when necessary to find food. Trite: overused, lacking originality or freshness, cliché Example: The writer's trite use of common expressions made her work seem unoriginal and uninspired. Truculent: aggressively defiant, belligerent, hostile Example: The truculent customer shouted and threatened the salesperson when he didn't get the refund he wanted. Ubiquitous: present everywhere, widespread Example: In today's world, smartphones have become ubiquitous, with nearly everyone owning one. Unctuous: excessively flattering or insincere, oily, smug Example: The politician's unctuous behavior made many people suspicious of his motives. Vacuous: lacking intelligence, empty, vapid Example: The vacuous celebrity seemed to have no opinions of her own and was famous for being famous. Vehement: passionate, intense, forceful Example: The actor gave a vehement performance, pouring all his energy into the role. Venal: corrupt, bribable, morally compromised Example: The venal police officer was caught accepting bribes from drug dealers. Verbose: wordy, long-winded, using too many words Example: The lawyer's verbose arguments made it difficult to follow her train of thought. Vexatious: annoying, frustrating, causing irritation Example: The neighbor's vexatious habit of playing loud music late at night kept the whole building awake. Vicarious: experienced through someone else, indirect Example: The traveler lived vicariously through the stories of his friends who had visited exotic places. Visceral: instinctive, emotional, deeply felt Example: The visceral reaction to the tragic news showed how much the community cared for the victim. Vitriolic: bitter, caustic, harsh Example: The politician's vitriolic speech attacking his opponent did more harm to his own reputation than to his opponent's. Vivacious: lively, energetic, high-spirited Example: The vivacious host of the party kept the guests entertained and engaged throughout the night. Wanton: malicious, cruel, reckless Example: The wanton destruction of the natural environment by the mining company was a tragedy for the local community. Whimsical: playful, fanciful, quirky Example: The whimsical artist's sculptures were always fun and surprising, incorporating unexpected elements. Wistful: longing, yearning, sad Example: The wistful expression on the old man's face suggested that he was lost in memories of a time long past. Zealous: enthusiastic, passionate, dedicated Example: The zealous young activist devoted all his time and energy to fighting for environmental justice. Zeitgeist: the spirit of the times, cultural or intellectual climate of a particular era Example: The music of the 1960s was deeply influenced by the zeitgeist of the era, with songs reflecting the social and political upheavals of the time. Zenith: the highest point, culmination, apex Example: The athlete's performance at the Olympics was the zenith of his career, the result of years of hard work and dedication. Zephyr: a gentle breeze, soft wind Example: The zephyr blowing through the open window brought the scent of flowers and the promise of spring. Zoetic: pertaining to life, living, vital Example: The zoetic energy of the dance performance filled the audience with a sense of joy and vitality. Zestful: full of energy, enthusiasm, or excitement Example: The zestful crowd cheered as the football team scored the winning touchdown. Abstemious: moderate in appetite, self-disciplined, not indulgent Example: The abstemious eater avoided desserts and fatty foods in order to maintain a healthy diet. Acerbic: sharp or biting in tone or taste, caustic, sarcastic Example: The acerbic critic's review of the movie was scathing, highlighting all its flaws and weaknesses. Adroit: skillful, clever, dexterous Example: The adroit pianist played the difficult piece with ease, leaving the audience spellbound. Aesthetic: relating to beauty or the appreciation of beauty, artistic Example: The designer's aesthetic sense was evident in the elegant simplicity of the dress. Altruistic: unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others, charitable Example: The altruistic volunteer spent her weekends helping the homeless in the city. Amiable: friendly, affable, good-natured Example: The amiable waiter greeted the customers with a smile and made them feel welcome. Anachronistic: belonging to a different time period, outdated, old-fashioned Example: The use of horse-drawn carriages in the modern city seemed anachronistic and out of place. Antithesis: the direct opposite, contrast, contradiction Example: The antithesis of love is hate, and the antithesis of good is evil. Aphorism: a short, pithy statement expressing a truth or general observation, maxim Example: "All that glitters is not gold" is an aphorism that cautions against judging things by their appearance alone. Apotheosis: the highest point in the development of something, pinnacle, culmination Example: The novel is considered the apotheosis of the author's literary career, representing the height of his creativity. Archaic: ancient, outmoded, no longer in use Example: The use of quill pens is archaic, having been replaced by modern writing implements. Arcane: mysterious, obscure, secret Example: The arcane rituals of the ancient tribe were shrouded in mystery and secrecy. Ascetic: practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline, austere Example: The ascetic monk lived a life of poverty and self-denial in order to achieve spiritual enlightenment. Asinine: foolish, silly, stupid Example: The asinine comment made by the politician caused an uproar and damaged his reputation. Assiduous: diligent, hardworking, persistent Example: The assiduous student spent long hours in the library, studying for her exams. Astringent: harsh, severe, strict Example: The astringent discipline imposed by the coach helped the team achieve their best performance. Atavistic: relating to or exhibiting characteristics of an ancestral type, primitive, regressive Example: The atavistic behavior of the wild animal was a reminder of its ancient origins. Augment: to make larger, increase, add to Example: The company plans to augment its workforce in order to meet the increasing demand for its products. Auspicious: favorable, promising, fortunate Example: The auspicious start of the new year was marked by good weather and a sense of optimism. Avaricious: greedy, covetous, materialistic Example: The avaricious businessman was always looking for ways to increase his wealth, often at the expense of others. Avuncular: kind, friendly, like an uncle Example: The avuncular professor was always available to offer advice and guidance to his students. Bellicose: aggressive, warlike, belligerent Example: The bellicose nation threatened to use military force to resolve the territorial dispute. Benign: gentle, kindly, favorable, not harmful Example: The benign tumor was unlikely to cause any serious health problems. Bibliophile: a lover of books, book collector Example: The bibliophile spent most of his free time browsing in bookstores and adding to his collection. Bombastic: grandiose, pompous, pretentious Example: The politician's bombastic speech was full of grandiose promises but lacked substance. Boorish: rude, insensitive, uncivilized Example: The boorish behavior of the party guest was a source of embarrassment to his hosts. Bucolic: relating to the countryside, rustic, pastoral Example: The bucolic scenery of the countryside was a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of the city. Cacophony: harsh, unpleasant sounds, discordant noise Example: The cacophony of car horns and sirens made it difficult to concentrate in the busy city. Callow: immature, inexperienced, naive Example: The callow youth was unprepared for the challenges of adult life.

Paragraphs, Paragraphs for SSC, Paragraphs for HSC, Paragraphs for Examination, Paragraphs for examination Paragraph Writing A paragraph is a group of related sentences which deal with a central idea. The three major structural parts of a paragraph A paragraph has three major structural parts– 1. a topic sentence 2. supporting sentences/developer 3. a concluding sentence/terminator 1. The topic sentence states the main idea of the paragraph. It names and limits the topic 2. Spporting sentences develop the topic sentence 3. The concluding sentence marks the end of the paragraph and often summarises or raises the key point of the paragraph. Classification of paragraphs: Listing Definition analysis - causal analysis comparison classification time space generalisation examples process analysis cause & effect contrast sequence , Paragraph of Listing In Paragraph of listing a detailed description is given about paragraph introducer. Here a list is given between paragraph developers and paragraph terminator. Key uses : to give a list of some thing Key words : first, second, third, then, next, after that, finally Example of Paragraph of Listing 1. Write a paragraph of listing on "The transports of Bangladesh". The transports of Bangladesh Transport is the means of conveying people, goods etc. from one place to another. There are three types of transport in Bangladesh. First, transports by land such as bus, train, track, car, taxicab ply on roads and streets. Second, transports by waterways like launch, boat, ship move on water. Third, transports by air like aircraft, aeroplane, spaceship fly in the sky. Transports play a very important role in developing our economic frame. There are public and private transports. Both transports earn huge money by carrying people, goods etc. This huge amount of money is used to support individual family and improve our communication system. But it is a matter of great regret that most of our transports are not modem and developed. Moreover, most of them are old and faulty. As a result, accidents often occur. Besides, there is a great crisis of transport in our country. Transports in Bangladesh cannot accommodate all the passengers. At this, their sufferings know no bound's. Therefore, steps should be taken to arrange more transports in our country. 2. Write a paragraph of listing on "Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development". Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development (1) The sentences in most well-written paragraphs may be analysed into four general functions. (2) First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. (3) Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraphs introducers. (4) Third, there are viewpoint or context modulators, which are sentences that provide a smooth transition between different sets of ideas. (5) Fourth, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner, (6) Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain some combination of these four sentence types. 3. Write a paragraph of listing on "Your Favourite Teacher". Your Favourite Teacher Mr. Ahmed is my favourite .teacher. He teachers us English. He is 30 with a good health. He has many rare qualities. First of all he is a brilliant scholar with a sound academic career. He is an M.A. in English. Secondly his method of teaching is very easy and lucid. Thirdly he has a strong, clear and pleasant voice. Everyday' .he teaches us in a new style. He can make any grammatical problem easy. He knows well how to increase the curiosity of the students. In the class room he is just like an English. Moreover, his pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. In his class he creates ari English environment. We never feel boring in his class. Rather we feel encouraged in his class. He is very well behaved and co-operative. He is never rude but friendly with his students. If any student fails to understand any grammatical problem, he then and there helps the students to understand it. He is very kind hearted to the poor students. Besides, he is honest, sincere and dutiful. He is very strict to law and to his principles. He has left a permanent impression in my mind. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. Paragraph Development by Time In Paragraph development by time description of something in respect of time. Many cases in this type of paragraph a past event is described. Key uses : to tell stories and incidents, to give a history or series of events, to give .step-by-step directions. Key factor : Use past tense Example of paragraph development by time 1. Write a paragraph of time on "Your School Life". My School Life My school life began at the age of six. It was very much eventful. In 2000 I attended the Primary Scholarship Exam. I came out successful and added name and fame to our family. In 2003 I also attended the Junior Scholarship Exam. This time also I did not disappoint myself, my family and my teachers to come out successful. In 2004 I was promoted to class IX. I took Humanities group because of the fact that was weak in Mathematics. In 2005 I was successfully promoted to class X. My parents and teachers began to feel proud of my glorious results. They were very much hopeful of my brilliant future. In 2006 I attended the SSC exam. After three months, results were announced. I did not fail to achieve my desired results. I obtained the highest grade, GPA 5. My parents, teachers, relatives, and well-wishers were very much satisfied at my brilliant results. Our school awarded every candidate who secured brilliant results. My father presented me a PC for the achievement of my glorious result. Now I am a first year student at HSC level. 2. Write a paragraph of time on "Aztec Civilization". Aztec Civilization The Aztecs were the last in a series of civilization in Mexico. Until the 13th century they were a tribe of wandering hunters, simple but hardy, who finally reached the shores of the lake on whose dried,-up bed the city of Mexico now stands. There they settled down on a small island and gradually absorbed the culture and way of life of their more civilized neighbours. Traditionally in A.D. 1325 (but actually, perhaps, considerably earlier) they founded their great capital, Tenchtitlan, enlarging their island artificially as the city increased in size. They were an extremely warlike people, and, first by alliances and then by warfare, they gradually extended their power all over Mexico and as far south as Guatemala. The full and final stage of their greatness had lasted barely fifty years when it was completely destroyed by the invasion of the Spaniards. With them the series of civilization ends in Mexico. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa was born on 26th August, 1910. Her father's was an Albanian and he was a builder. She was born in Skopje in Macedonia. She was the third child of her parents. She was very polite and modest. She wanted to be a helping hand to the destitute. At the age of 18 she joined the order of the sisters of our lady of Loreto in Ireland. In 1928 she began her journey to India. In 1931 she began teaching at a Calcutta Girls' School. To make her vision fruitful she founded 'Nirmal Hriday' in 1952. In .1953 she started an orphanage. Then she set up a missionary too. The missionary helped the wounded, the diseased and the helpless.. In 1957 she and her missionaries of charity began working with the helpless. She continued all her programmes with the fund she collected from the charity of some wealthy people. As a recognition of her work she got Nobel. Prize in 1979. She breathed her last on 5th September 1997 at the age of 87, At her death, the world lost a great woman. Muhammad Yunus Muhammad Yunus was born in 1940 in Chittagong, the business centre of Eastern Bangladesh, He was the third of 14 children. Educated in Chittagong, he was awarded a full bright scholarship and he received his Ph. D from Vanderbilt University, in U.S.A. In 1972 he became head of the Economics department at Chittagong University. He is the founder and Managing Director of the Grameen Bank. In 1997, Professor Yunus organised the world's first Micro Credit Summit in Washington D. C. Professor Yunus is an economist. He planned to alleviate poverty from the World. He introduced microcredit system among a limted number of poor people and his plan worked. Then he set up a bank, Grameen Bank. Through this bank he worked for the poor and gave financial support to make them self-employed. His prograthmes succeeded and thousands of poor, powerless people could escape from poverty. They trusted Yunus *as a helping hand and he was trusted to be a famous name. His micro-credit brought wealth to the underpriviledged of many nations. Paragraph Development by Space (Space order) In Paragraph development by space more importance is given to appearance, manner, location and spatial order. Key uses : to describe people, places, and things Key words : Shady, gossip not only but also, besides. Examples of Paragraph development by space 1. Write a paragraph of space on "Your College Campus". My College Campus The name of my college is Summit Public College. It is located at Monpura in Satkhira. It has a spacious campus. There are three faculties in our campus. They are arts, science and commerce faculties. There is a large play ground in front of the faculties. There is a flower garden beside the science faculty. When the flowers bloom, environment looks very romantic. Sweet scent spreads everywhere. There are many trees on both sides of our campus. At this, our campus always remains shady. Air blows and makes our campus heavenly. Our campus is not only rich in natural beauties but also modernised with infrastructural facilities. There are three separate common rooms, libraries, computer and science laboratories. There are 90 classrooms for two thousand students. There are three teachers' waiting rooms and offices. There is a large canteen in our college campus. Going there, we take light refreshment and have snack. Sometimes gossip there with one another and while away our leisure period. Besides, we play different types sports in our college campus and pass time interestingly. In fact, we are very much proud of convenient campus. 2.. Write a paragraph of space on "The Inca Construction". The Inca Construction The Incas showed great skill in the construction without machinery of roads, aqueducts, and reservoirs, suspension bridges, and other public works. Two main roads ran from north to south. In some places they were paved or raised on causeways, in others hewn out of the solid rock; their excellence excited the admiration of the Spaniards. The Incas also showed great ingenuity in the vast system of terraces which they built with much labour along the steep slopes of the valleys for the cultivation of their crops, and which are still in use. For solidity of construction the walls of their fortresses and temples surpass anything ever achieved elsewhere. With extraordinary skill they handled huge blocks of hard stone, such as granite, weighing many tons, cutting them into irregular shapes with many angles, and then fitting them accurately together like the pieces of a jig-saw puzzle. These walls are practically indestructible, and have resisted the shocks of earthquakes for centuries. Many of them still form the foundations of Spanish buildings in Cuzco to-day. The Incas had discovered the art of casting bronze, but the chisels which were made from this alloy were not hard enough to cut the tough rock used in some of their buildings, and these must have been shaped with stone tools. However, the ruins of the Inca construction still show their extraordinary skill in engineering. Paragraph of Examples/ Paragraph Development by Detail In Paragraph of example description of a topic with explanation is given with examples. Key words : for example, for instance 1. Write a paragraph of example on "The Success of Bangladesh". The Success of Bangladesh Under the umbrella of success, many things came. For example, in 1952 the West Pakistan wanted to snatch away Bangla, the language of our heart to establish Urdu as a state language. But our brave sons did not allow them to materialize their aim and objective. For their great sacrifice we have established our mother tongue Bangla. Secondly, in 1971 we achieved independence. Bangladesh got success in various fields also. She got chance in the World Cup Cricket and defeated many strong teams like Pakistan, India, West Indies, South Africa, Zimbabwe and created coruscation throughout the world. Illiteracy is getting removed and the percentage of education is increasing. Dr. Yunus who won Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 brought tremendous honour for Bangladesh. Anti-corruption campaign is going on and corruption is getting uprooted as the corrupt are being punished and penalized. Democratization is being materialized and development programmes and projects are being actualised. People of our country are being self-employed and poverty is being alleviated. So the success of Bangladesh in various fields is vivid. Write a paragraph of example on "Social Concerns in Modern Literature". Social Concerns in Modern Literature Modern literature in most countries deals with real social issues. For example, many contemporary novels of Africa and India depict the lives of ordinary people struggling against adversity. Furthermore, poetry from South America and North America speaks out against social and economic oppression. In still another instance, modern European drama enacts the fate of the working man in his drab confrontation with life. Even films, popular songs, and folk drama from all around the world, tell the story of the little man and his battle against the giants of impersonal corporations, remote governments, or aggressive neighbouring nations. It is clear from these limited examples that contemporary literature in many parts of the world deals with the social issues of the day. Air Pollution Air pollution means the ways in which the air is polluted. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man can not live a single moment without air. But we donot think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Clean air is essential for life. Air is polluted in many ways. For example smoke pollutes air. Man makes fires to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. The another example is that railway engines, power houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Moreover, buses .trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. Furthermore, the most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Again serious air pollution also occurs in big- cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying the street everyday. Sometimes men in big industrial area become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. Definition Paragraph In definition paragraph the first step is to give the definition of the term or topic and then you should give the explanation of the term by illustration, example comparison Uses : to make clear the meaning of a word, to explore what a thing is, or to give a new, original meaning of a word. Example Definition paragraph I. Write a definition paragraph on "Democracy". Democracy Democracy is the rule of people. It is the government of the people, by the people, for the people. It is the government where everybody can share in political arena. In this form of government people are the source of all power. They can elect their representatives and help them to form government. On the contrary, they can also reject them if they feel it necessary. Here people can enjoy almost all the civic rights, and privileges. They have freedom of speech. They can expose their views through different mass media like radio, television, newspaper. But there are some specific defects in democracy. Aristotle says that it is the government of the ignorant. As the ignorant rulers rule here, meritorious persons are devaluated. The majority of people are oppressed. The majority of people become victorious in all sections. The proverb 'might is right' is existing here. As there are many parties in. a democratic country, the results of election are not obeyed easily. So there is the feasibility of holding frequent election. And then huge amount of money is wasted. Nevertheless, democracy has gained much popularity in the modern world. 2. Write a definition paragraph on "The Definition Paragraph". The Definition Paragraph A definition paragraph describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term by relating that which is unknown to that which is already known. It makes use of the techniques of comparison, contrast, and synthesis often in combination. More specifically, a definition paragraph may be developed by using comparison sentences that show that an unknown term, is the same as or like some known term. Or it may be developed by using contrast sentences that show that au unknown term, though similar in some respects, is basically unlike some known term. Or it may be developed by bringing together the appropriate like and unlike characteristics of two or more terms to form a new concept, or synthesis. In any case, a given definition paragraph, whether developed by comparison, contrast, or synthesis, or some combination of these, normally ends with a sentence that summarizes the distinctive features of the term being defined. Democracy Democracy is a system of government by all the people of a country, usually through the representatives whom they elect, as allowing freedom of speech, religious and political opinion. It means fair and equal treatment of each other by citizens without social class divisions. In fact it's the system of governing the country according to people's will. In a democratic country people elect their representatives who work for the people. Free and fair election is the pre-condition of democracy. As a matter of fact, democracy is the right of the people to speak equal rights. They enjoy the rights of food, cloth, shelter, education, medical treatment and other facilities. People are the source of power, that is, possess the absolute power in a democratic country. Abraham Lincoln, the late president of the USA, defines democracy as "Government of the people, by the people and for the people." In a, true sense of democracy the majority party should form a coalition with the main opposition party and work together in democracy. Moreover, good relations with neighbouring country, liberty of newspaper, free judicial system are the essential conditions for democracy. But in some cases the ruling party in coalition with minor parties forms the government which causes anarchy. On the other hand, the main opposition party in coalition with some minor parties is engaged in destructive criticism and collision. Ours is a democratic country. Let -us hope we will stride ahead with our unity towards a brighter tomorrow. Snatching Snatching refers to snatching away money or- ornaments or valuable things from passers-by and passengers by using force or at gun point. Everyday we find the news of many snatchings in all the dailies of our country. It seems that the snatchers are the monarchs of all they survey. So it has become very risky to move alone in the road. If the snatchers do not find anything valuable with the person they attack, he or she is either stabbed or killed. They use knives, bombs, guns or any kind of weapon. Though the victim cries for help, the nearby people or the police force do not go forward to help the victims. If the snatchings face any kind of trouble, they explode bombs or shoot, create panic and disperse people and safely they make their way after snatching. There are many reasons behind snatching. Firstly our socio-economic condition is the root cause of snatchings. Again those who are addicted in gambling, drinking and drug taking do it to manage money for their addiction. It is a great problem for our country. So stern action and necessary measures should be taken to set punishment for the snatchers so that people can move freely and easily. Paragraph Development by Analysis In paragraph by analysis a topic is analyzed in different parts such as -topic introducer, paragraph introducer, paragraph terminator \s context modulator ,letterhead, heading, inside address, aiterition line, subject line, salutation, body, signature block, post scripts, signature, writer's identification, initials, enclosures, distribution list etc. Example Paragraph by analysis I. Write a paragraph by analysis on "The person you like most". The Person I Like Most The person whom I like most is my father. My father's name is Emtazuddin Ahmed. He is a. graduate. Professionally he is a police officer. As a police officer he is very honest. He does not take any unfair means to render his service. He does not compromise with the criminals. Rather he takes them under prosecution. He has been rewarded several times for his achievement in lessening crime and corruption. Though my father is very busy, he manages ample time to share with family. He always takes whereabouts of my education. He is very expert in English. In his leisure he teaches me English. And so I always do well in English examination. Father is very much devoted to God. He says prayers five times a day. He also encourages me to say prayer. And I follow his advice to the letter. Father also takes whereabouts of our relatives. If anyone falls in crisis, he tries his best to help him/her. My father is a very simple person. He never feels proud of himself. He always says to me that pride goes before fall. He is really a good person. 2. Write a paragraph by analysis on "Writing as a Profession". Writing as a Profession Writing is a whole time job. The author does not only write when he is at desk; he writes all day long when he is thinking, when he is reading, when he is experiencing; everything he sees and feels is significant to his purpose and, consciously or unconsciously, he is forever storing and making over his impressions. He cannot give an undivided attention to any other calling. To write must be the main object of the author's life; that is to say, he must be a professional writer. He is lucky if he has sufficient fortune to make him independent of his earnings, but this does not prevent him from being a professional writer. Swift with his deanery, Wordsworth with his sinecure, were just as much professional writers as Balzac and Dickens. The Cause and Effect Paragraph In cause and effect paragraph causes and effects of any problem is given. Water Population Water, an important element of the human environment, is essential for human and plant life. It is next to air. Water can be polluted in many ways. First of all farmers use chemical fertilizers and insecticide in their fields to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with river water, canal water and pond water. Secondly mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste_ materials and unsold products into the rivers and canals. Thirdly steamers, motor launches and even sail boats can pollute.water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Moreover, unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. Besides the kutcha drains running into the rivers and canals cause water pollution. Clean water is safe for use and polluted water is harmful for man. Water pollution can be prevented in many ways. First of all we should make the people aware of the fact that water is next to air. It is called life. So fertilizer, chemicals and pesticide should not be allowed to mix with river water, canal water and pond water. Mills and factories should not throw the waste materials and Unsold products into rivers and canals. Steamers, motor launches and even sail boats should not throw off, food waste and human waste into the rivers and canals. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside should not be built on the banks of the rivers and canals. In fine awareness should be created in the public. Paragraph Development by Comparison In Paragraph of comparison we usually compare two or more different things Key transition words : Likewise, Similarly, In the same way, .also ...., ...., too. .... the same , .... the same as ...., .... just as ...., .... can be compared with .... . Examples of paragraph by comparison . Write a paragraph by comparison on "School and College . School and College Both school and college are educational institutions. School is such an academic center where students are taught rudimentary knowledge. But college is such an educational institution where students are provided with higher education. The management of a school is not so liberal as that of a college. But school teachers should he more careful of their responsibilities than college teachers. College teachers just deliver their lecture and leave classroom. On the contrary, school teachers have to take every whereabouts of their students. They are to be cautious of their studies, behaviour, association, -nature and so on. But college teacher are careless of these facts. They think that students here are freer. They have the freedom to exercise their sense and sensibility. School teachers strictly guide their students. But college teachers loosely control their students. In a college students can widen their outlook and orientation. But in a school they can not do' so. In a college students have the opportunities to broaden their mind and mentality. But in a school students can't do so for some restrictions. In fact, students in a college enjoy more than those in a school. Write a paragraph by comparison on "From Paragraph to Essay". From Paragraph to Essay Despite their obvious differences in length, the paragraph and the essay are quite similar structurally. For example, the paragraph is introduced by either a topic sentence or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph provides introductory material and establishes the topic focus. Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that expand and support the ideas presented in the introductory paragraph. Finally, a terminator-whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation-ends the paragraph. *i.,,., The essay, too, has a device which brings its ideas to a logically and psychologically satisfying completion : the concluding paragraph. Although exceptions to these generalizations may be observed in modem creative writing, most well written expository paragraphs and essays are comparable in structure. Paragraph Development by Contrast A contrast paragraph labels the differences between two persons, places, or things. Once all of the information for the paragraph is obtained one must organize it in one of these two ways: • Option One: First present all of the points of one subject, and then contrast the points with all of the information about the other subject. This is a good way to organize the information of a short paragraph because the reader can readily recall the first points that are stated. • Option Two: Make a point about the first subject and then contrast it with a point from the other subject. Alternating between points. This is a good option for longer paragraphs because the reader does not have to search for the contrasted point. Key words : but; yet, however, in contrast, although, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless, unlike, whereas. 1. Write a paragraph by contrast on "Democracy and Autocracy". Democracy and Autocracy Democracy is the rule of people. But autocracy is the government by an autocrat. In a democratic country people are the source of all power. In an autocratic country an autocrat is the possessor of absolute power and position. There are many opposition parties in a democratic country. But in an autocratic country there is only one party. People can enjoy the freedom of speech, can expose merit, views and opinions in a democratic country. On the contrary, in an autocratic government, public freedom of speech is strictly controlled. Here other opinions and principles are not sustained. In a democratic government tolerance is kept. But there is want, of tolerance in an autocratic government. There is a feasibility of holding frequent election in a democratic country. On the contrary, frequent election is not held in an autocratic government. Evaluating public opinions, democratic country is led and governed. On the contrary, an autocrat leads and governs his country willfully. So, at present, democratic government is more popular than autocratic government. 2. Write a paragraph by contrast on "The Objective Test and the Essay Exam". The Objective Test and the Essay Exam The objective test and the essay exam are two contrasting methods of evaluation commonly used to measure a student's grasp of subject matter. The objective test usually consists of a large number of unrelated questions that require the student to demonstrate mastery of details. It often leads to rote memorization of isolated facts during the pre-test period of study. Since the questions on the objective test are presented in true-false or multiple choice form, the student may be encouraged to guess answers for which he has no accurate knowledge. The essay exam, on the other hand, usually consists of a few broadly stated questions that require the student to organise his responses in essay form. Such questions force the student to give proof of his ability to handle general concepts. This type of exam also relies on factual information, but there is far greater necessity for the student to demonstrate analytical and compositional skills. Mere guessing at answers is reduced to a minimum. Although the objective test and the essay exam have similar goals the assessment of a student's academic achievement the techniques and very often the results) of the two types of examination differ significantly. Differences between Bangladeshi and Western Music Each and every country has its own culture. They can't be superseded by the culture of another country. So, its quite natural that there are some basic differences between Bangladeshi and Western music. The differences are very much distinct. In theme and melody, our songs are pole apart from western music. Our songs especially the Nazrul Sangeet, Rabindra Sangeet, traditional songs are very much graceful and refined. But the Western music is very much vulgar. Musical instruments are used more in the Western music. On the other hand ours are melodious and musical instruments are used less. The western singers use metalic sound, whereas we don't. The significant difference is that individual love is the theme of Western-music. That love is only the love of the lovers. On the contrary the theme of our song is also love but it's quite different from the Western music. Love as the theme of our song is for lovers, for parents, for our motherland and last of all for Allah: The western song has hardly any appeal. In contrast our song has a great appeal and ittouches our heart. In a word, a country can't sacrifice her own identity and culture with another country. The cultural differences were in the past, have. been in the present and will be in the future. Eating Habit of the Rural and Urban People of Bangladesh The rural people in Bangladesh usually_ have their meals in the morning, at noon and at night. The urban people also take three meals a day. But there are some differences in their eating habits. Rural people are in the habit of eating heavy meal. The rural people eat more. On the contrary the urban people do not depend on heavy food. They also eat less than the rural people. The rural people usually eat rice and gur or rice with some other food items for breakfast. They eat much because they work in the fields. They do not eat anything before lunch. They also eat chira, khai and muri at breakfast. On the other hand the urban people take bread vegetables etc. Again some take parata and egg and some take loaves and banana. Those who are old take little breakfast. The rural people usually eat rice and one or two.curries fof lunch. They can't bear the expenses of so many items like the urban people. The urban people `are used to taking eat, rice, curry, fish, vegetables, meat, dal etc. for lunch. Sometimes polao or biriani is cooked on occasions. The dinner of the rural people is just like the lunch. By contrast the dinner items of the urban people are like the lunch items. But nowadays urban people take their main meal at night returning their residence after evening. The urban people also take fast food like burger, sandwiches, noodles, pizza, . pototo chips, vegetables rolls etc. They also eat Thai or Indian or Chinese food. A change is also noticed in drink habit of the urban people. In urban_ area people take ice cream and soft drinks as drink. However, there are some differences in the food habit and meal times . of the rural and the urban people in Bangladesh. Paragraph Development by Comparison & Contrast Uses : to show how two people, places or things are alike or different in order to describe either one more fully. In this type of paragraph both similarities and dissimilarities should be included in the topic sentence. You are to use specific linkers here. is similar to the other hand both however also but too in contrast as well differs from while unlike Similarities and Differences between the Patterns of Eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh There are some similarities and differences between the patterns of eating in Britain and that in Bangladesh but the differences between them are greater. The food habit and meal times of the rural people of the two countries are same. The main meal of the people of Bangladesh is the lunch. Whereas, dinner is the main meal of the British. The British usually have cereal, toast and tea or coffee for their breakfast. On the contrary in Bangladesh the people of the rural areas eat rice and the urban people eat bread, banana, parata, chapati eggs etc. for their breakfast. Though we have got no special meal during a week, on occasions special meals are arranged. In Britain Sunday lunch is the most important meal of the week when a cooked meal is served at midday instead of in the evening and the whole family eats together. In our country specially the rural people eat heavy meals at noon, but in Britain lunch can be a light meal of sandwiches or fruit. Before going to bed the people in Britain have a hot drink like tea or coffee with -biscuits but people in our country are not in the habit of taking these things before going tp bed. OtT'the otherhand today a few people in the towns and cities take a cup of tea or coffee before going to bed. However differences are more than the similarities. Islam and Christianity Islam and Christianity are two of the major religions of the world. Though the two religions are different from one another, they share several basic beliefs and practices. The people of the two religions pray to the same deity whom the Muslims call Allah and the Christian God. The Muslims have a holy book the Quran. In the same way the Christians have a holy book the Bible. The Muslims read the holy Quran to gain religious knowledge. They try not only to mould their characters but also to lead their lives according to the guidelines of the holy Quran. Likewise the Christians also read the Bible to gain religious knowledge and try to lead their lives on the basis of the knowledge of the Bible. The holy Quran is the complete code of life for the Muslims of the whole world. In the same way the Bible is the complete code of life for the Christians. Hazrat Muhammad (Sm.) is the Prophet of the Muslims. In the same manner Jesus Christ is the Prophet of the Christians. All the Muslims believe in the holy Quran, in the sayings of the holy Prophet and in the five pillars of Islam. The Muslims also believe that Islam is their religion. Similarly the Christians believe the sayings of Jesus Christ and the ten commandments. The Muslims believe in the final judgment day. The Christians also have the same faith. Besides, there are many other similarities between the people of two religions. My Father and Mother My father and mother share a lot of similaries. Both of them come of respectable families. They hail from the same district. Both of them are educated. Similarly they want us to be highly educated. My father is a service holder. My mother is a doctor and she works in a hospital. They are sincere to their professions. Both of my parents love me and my brothers and sisters. They are very affectionate and advise us on what to do and what not to do. They possess many good qualities. They are soft-spoken, witty, pious and mild in their behaviour. They go to their offices in the morning and return home in the evening. They like travelling very much. Whenever they get time, they take us to various places of _scenic beauty and places of historical interest. Both of them spend their leisure by watching TV. They also like music. They can also sing well. My father likes modern song while my mother likes Nazrul song. We relish varieties of dishes at home - thanks to my mother's cooking skill and father's encouragement. To me my father and mother are great and I am proud of them. Paragraphs written by students with the teacher's comments A ACCOMMODATION PROBLEM IN DHAKA CITY Our capital city, Dhaka, has become the centre place of all trade and commerce, better education, better treatment and better living. Thousands of industries have been set up here to boost up the economy and provide jobs to millions. The standard of living and education facilities are also relatively high. All this leads to the flocking of people to Dhaka from other corners of the country in search of job, for better education or for better standard of living. There are all kinds of people here -- rich businessmen, office clerks, labourers and even beggars. The last census shows that at present the population of Dhaka is over 1 crore which is certainly much more than holding capacity of the city. This has given rise to many problems among which the accommodation problem is the most acute. The migrated people are facing problems to pay such a high rent for their houses. Moreover, the number of houses is less than that of people. Though the well-off people can find shelter in the apartments of high rise buildings, the lower middle-class and the poor people face serious problems in this regard. Again the high rise apartments have appeared to be a new trend in solving the accommodation problem in Dhaka city. Due to scarcity of space, there is a growing need of apartment among the citizens. The property developers are also competing one another to make higher edifices. Though these apartments look posh having all amenities, they are very expensive and beyond the reach of the middle class buyers. They are also putting pressure on the existing infrastructure of the city. Moreover, these high rise buildings can be death-trap since Bangladesh is an earthquake prone country. In opposite to these happy dwellers of the apartments we see thousands of poor people passing their lives in the open streets of Dhaka. If one walks through the streets of Dhaka, one will see countless people sleeping in line on the pavements, over bridges, railway station. The vendors are sleeping in their baskets, the rickshaw pullers on their rickshaws. Some lucky people can find shelter in the slums though the life is abominable there. These street people are from the villages who have come to Dhaka in search of work. Though these people are leading a distressed life, they seem not to care about it as they work hard all day long and enjoy sound sleep at night. But the situation is worse for the middle class because they can neither live in costly apartments nor on the streets. None thinks of them. Even the government can hardly find any solution to their accommodation problem. Hence concerted efforts are needed to solve the accommodation problem in the city of Dhaka. ACID RAIN Nowadays environment pollution is one of the most talked of topics all around the world. Because, environment pollution causes various disasters to human life. Acid rain is one of them. Acid is a chemical compound, usually a liquid. Acids are usually sour and can burn or damage things they touch. Acid corrodes things. Acid pollution spoils the colour of paint, weakens leather and washes away building materials. Acid pollution can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings etc. When acid instead of water falls from the sky, it is called acid rain. Acid rain contains harmful chemicals. Substances called acids have a sharp taste known as acidity. Ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic. But in severely polluted areas rain can be as acidic as the acids of lemon juice or vinegar. This rain which is very acidic can cause damage to trees, lakes, wildlife, buildings and human health. There is a link between acid rain and damage to human health. Breathing in the chemicals can harm people causing chest illness. Also, when acid rain causes the release of chemicals and metals into drinking water it can damage people’s health. The acid rain that falls on earth mingles with natural water. We get our drinking water from this natural water. Thus our drinking water is affected by acid rain. The acid rain has an adverse reaction on stained glass windows because it fades the colour of glass. In a word acid rain is very harmful. We should take all necessary steps to keep our environment sound and health. Acid Rain Rain water that pours down mixing with acidic substances is known as a acid rain. Acid rain contains various harmful chemical elements created by mills, factories, brick fields, power houses, buses and rail-engines. Acid rain has a sharp taste of acid. The indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals in mills. factories and power houses is the root cause of acid rain. Our ignorance regarding our duties to the environment and main kind is another root cause of acid pollution. The bad effect of acid rain is very dangerous/severe/alarming. Today it has become the global problem. It is very harmful to wild life, trees and forests. As a result it causes imbalance in the environment. It also does a great harm to buildings. It damages the building materials and washes any colour of paints of the building. Owing to acid rain the buildings lose their straight and they gradually collapse. Acid rain also harms the world famous Taj Mahal and the costly buildings which are mainly made of glass. In order to control acid rain, developed awareness must be created, the random and the wide-spread use of various toxic chemicals must be checked. If we fail to control the wide-spread use of toxic chemical, the wild life, trees and environment will be endangered seriously. In a word, our exist on earth and many other historical structure are the victim of acid pollution will be hampered surely The Danger of Acid Violence Acid throwing on human bodies is the worst deed of all. Acid violence is the most inhuman act in this civilized society, (4W Today it is the most heinous and brutal crime in this modern world. When anything is damaged by throwing acid, it is called acid violence. It is one of the most merciless and unpardonable crimes. It is a panic news that acid violence is increasing in our society wonderfully day by day. Mainly women and girls are the worst victims of' this cowardice violence. A young man having no moral sense usually commits this brutal act. Having failed to win the love of girls, some senseless and unwise young people throw acid on. '. bodies. Illiteracy is the root cause of acid throwing in our society. Gender discrimination is another root cause of it. Dowry-hunter husbands also mainly cause acid violence on their wives. Some hunters throw acid on their enemies to take revenge . Social unconsciousness is greatly liable for this brutal act. The effect of acid throwing is very panic and painful. In most cases the acid victims lose their invaluable eves. Acid violence makes their beautiful appearance very ugly as like as ghosts. Some victims become fully paralyzed forever. Those who survive lead a very miserable and sorrowful life. They lose their status and dignity in the society. They are deprived of love and affection of near and dear ones. Developed social consciousness is a must to stamp out this inhuman act. Illiteracy and gender discrimination must be eradicated to stop this cowardice deed. It is high time we started a strong campaign against acid violence in order to build up a happy and 'decent society. ADULT LITERACY Illiteracy is a curse for a nation. It is a serious problem for the overall development of the country. So the necessity of adult literacy programme arises in Bangladesh. To educate the illiterate mass is called adult literacy. This programme views to giving knowledge of letters to the illiterate people. Its main aim is to make them aware and responsible citizens capable of reading, writing and doing necessary calculations which are very much needed in practical life. Illiterate people do not know what is right and what is wrong and are not conscious of their rights and duties. So, to make responsible citizen adult literacy is necessary. Without adult literacy we are unable to control population explosion. In order to develop our country in all respects adult literacy is a must. To remove this illiteracy steps should be taken by the government. Opening night schools at every village should be made compulsory. The poor people should be supplied with all the items which are necessary for learning. For this all of us have come to come forward and to work in collaboration with the government. AFFORESTATION Since the dawn of civilisation man has a close relation with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. And trees are the integral part of nature. They are the gifts of nature. Trees give us oxygen. It saves the soil from erosion. Trees are very essential in a country to cause rains. It forms a natural beauty in a country. It plays a very important role for our existence. But for the development of human civilisation this valuable assets are damaged day by day. The people of our country cut down our trees at random. So, our country is losing her trees. If this process continues, she will turn into a desert. The country will bear the consequences of ‘Green House Effect’. To preserve our environment, afforestation is an urgent. ‘Afforestation’ means planting more and more trees. There is an ample scope for afforestation in Bangladesh. Sea beaches, low lying areas and fallow lands can be brought under the scheme of afforestation with special types of trees suited to the soil. Shady trees and fruit trees should be planted by the side of roads and highways. Trees may be planted in all sides of ponds and tanks in villages. People must be convinced of the need of afforestation. It is the duty of all of us to maintain balance between man and nature for the greater interest of the country and for our own survival. Arsenic Pollution Arsenic pollution has become one of the talked topics of our country at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. Arsenic is a poisonous chemical element mixed with water. This poisonous element is found in ground water, such as tube-well water. In different countries, arsenic contamination in water supplies is known to have been caused by dissolving geological deposits which naturally occur from industrial discharges and from uses of pesticides. If a man drinks arsenic contaminated water, he is affected by disease and after many days the symptoms are found. The disease caused by arsenic is known as arsenicosis. Poisoning by arsenic is slow process. It damages the kidneys, the liver, the skin and even the nerves system of body. Long term poisoning might cause also death of the sufferers. Many people in our country are suffering from arsenicosis and many more are being affected everyday. For the prevention of arsenicosis, we should drink only arsenic-free water. Besides this, we have to eat a healthy and balanced diet. To ensure supply of arsenic-free water, we should sink deep tube-wells. Water treatment plant should be established in the rural areas and the arsenic contaminated tube-wells should be identified by red colour. We should remember that arsenic poison cannot be removed by boiling or filtering water. So, all of us should be conscious of arsenic poison and should be careful about using water. It is a hopeful matter that various agencies in the health and water sector such as NIPSOM, DPHE, BWDB and others have begun sampling well-water and looking for medical symptoms as evidence of arsenic contamination and its affected area and they are trying to solve the problem. ARSENIC POLLUTION In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. DANGERS OF ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life to our people by preventing arsenic pollution. Adopting unfair means in the examination The adoption of unfair means in the examination means copying in the examination. It does not simply mean copying from books etc. Inside the hall, it includes any sort of malpractice in or outside the hall to succeed in the examination. It is one of the signs of other degenerating conditions existing in out society. Many students without preparing lessons waste their valuable time in gossiping, roaming, playing, travelling etc. As a result they are compelled to adopt unfair means in the hall. By adopting unfair means a student frustrates the very purpose of the examination. Merely committing to memory and vomiting it in the examination halls cannot determine the merit of a student. In order to solve copying in the examination the govt. has taken some preventive measures. First of all the govt. is trying to raise public awareness through mass media. Recently the government has enforced a law that if any student is found copying in the examination hall, she/he will be expelled from the examination hall. If any invigilator is found helping any examiner, legal action will be taken against her/him. Even if outsiders are found involved in helping any examiner in copying, they will also be punished. The government has interchanged the examination centers and formed invigilation teams to monitor the overall condition of the examination center. The very system of education should be changed. Above all the government, the teachers, the guardians, the students, the intellectuals, the politicians and all the conscious sections of the country should come forward to tackle the problem. Air Pollution Air is the most important element of human environment. All biological organisms require air for breathing. But nowadays air is being polluted gradually. Air pollution is very acute in towns and cities. This pollution is caused by industrialization and urbanization. Air is seriously polluted by the factories and vehicles. This polluted air is inhaled by humans and plants. As a result we are falling prey to various diseases. The industries are located in populated areas. So, the noxious gas easily finds a place in the urban homes. Burning petrols and diesels of the vehicles and indiscriminate discharge of the human waste are also causing serious air pollution. Respiratory illness, deafness, blindness and many incurable diseases are the after effects of air pollution. Sometimes leakages of poisonous gas cause sudden death. Air pollution is also causing decay of Ozone layer. Today it has led to a new environment catastrophe. We must take adequate measures to prevent air pollution. Otherwise our health as well as our future generation will be at stake. AIR POLLUTION “I’ll go out for a breath of fresh air” is an often-heard phrase but many of us realise that this has become irrelevant in today’s world, because the quality of air in our cities is anything but fresh. In the recent years, some environment-friendly measures have helped us clearing up much of the visible elements of air pollution but air pollution still can be deadly even if we can’t see it. Air is the most important element of human environment. Man cannot live a single moment without air. But we do not think that it is we who pollute this most vital element. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air. Man makes fire to cook his food, to make bricks burns refuse, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, power-houses, mills and factories use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel oil. Again all these things create smoke and cause air pollution. The most serious air pollution occurs in big industrial areas where there are many mills and factories. Serious air pollution also occurs in big cities where there are many buses, trucks and cars plying on the street every day. Sometimes men in big industrial areas become so sick by inhaling polluted air that they cannot be cured. It causes lung diseases and cancer. Clean air is essential for life. So proper measures and steps should be taken to prevent air pollution. To complement regulations imposed by the government, our combined effort is also needed to diminish air pollution.[The introductory two sentences can be excluded or altered if necessary.] Air Pollution Today air pollution has become one of the serious problems in our country. At present- it is a global problem too. Pollution free- environment is the pre-condition for our decent and long life on earth. But now our environment is being severely polluted in many ways. Air is one of the prime elements of our environment. No life is possible without pure and fresh air. But polluted air is very harmful to life. Air is polluted in many ways. It is smoke which is the main culprit of air pollution. Mills, factories, power houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke all the year round. The black smoke pollutes our air drastically Motor and water vehicles also produce a lot of smoke and fume which cause acute air pollution. Cooking food and the burning down of forests, over-population, illiteracy and civic unawareness are also the major causes of -air pollution. The adverse effect of air pollution is very dangerous. It causes various fatal respiratory diseases. These fatal diseases take away/snatch away a lot of valuable lives every year. Air pollution causes serious ecological imbalance. And ecological imbalance causes various natural disasters which damage our lives, properties, crops, forests and wild animals. In order to control air pollution public awareness must be raised. illiteracy must be wiped out , and population problem must be solved lead-free fuel must be used and burnt oil should be avoided to lessen air pollution. Air pollution must, be controlled in order to ensure our happier, healthier and longer life. Adolescence Adolescence represents one of the critical transitions in one’s life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which occurs after childhood and before adulthood. The duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanization and spread of global communication. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement toward social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. It is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences. Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and sexually transmitted infections, including the HIV. The use or avoidance of drugs and taking or abstaining from sexual risk can have long-lasting negative and positive effects on future health and well-being. As a result, adults have unique opportunities to influence adolescents. Laws, customs, and practices may also affect adolescents differently than adults. Adolescents depend on their families, their communities, schools, health services and their workplaces to learn a wide range of skills that can help them to cope with the pressures they face and make a successful transition from childhood to adulthood. Parents, members of the community, service providers, and social institutions have the responsibility to both promote adolescent. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A TEACHER A teacher is the philosopher guide of a nation. She is an idol to her students. All her activities and performances are often followed and imitated by her students. Hence her life style is an ideal one. She is to maintain a routined life for her daily activities. She passes all through a busy day with the exception on holidays. Everyday she is to get up early in the morning. Then she prepares herself and the other younger members of the family for their respective outgoing purpose. After taking breakfast she sends her children to school and she herself goes out for school. In time she arrives at school. So she can get some preparations and photocopying done for the students. She does playground duty as parents deliver their children. She supervises the school assembly. Then she starts classes. In her scheduled classes she delivers lectures and imparts education very cordially. Attending to two or three consecutive classes, she becomes tired. Hence she needs a break. In the leisure hour she takes her tiffin in the staff room. Again she attends to one or two classes till the last bell rings. Then she reaches home. Having wash, she takes her lunch with other members of the family. After that she takes rest for some time. In the evening she cooks for family. She does her lesson plans and preparations for the next day. She spends some time for watching television or enjoying music. Then she takes her supper and goes to bed. Thus she passes her regular day with full of activities. A Day Labourer Everything is possible by means of labour. Without it, nothing can be done or achieved. A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of his brow. He may work as a sweeper, a black-smith, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant or a porter. His service is, no doubt, essential for the country. Still now a day labourer is very poor. He lives from hand to mouth. He has no fixed income. If he works daily, he gets wages. During the rainy days, he finds no work and he has to starve along with his family. He can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He works in factories, ships, mines, agricultural fields and even in games and sports for overall prosperity of a country. He builds houses, sky-scrapers, but he himself lives in slums. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He brings mineral from the bottom of the earth. Thus he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. Though he works hard all day long, he lives in misery and want. So, everyone of us should try heart and soul to improve the lot of these day labourers. If we are sympathetic with them, they will be benefited. Annual Cultural Function of our school Annual cultural function of a school is a ceremony, where different cultural programmes are arranged and performed by the students. The last annual cultural function of our school held on 3rd August, 2006. It is still fresh in my memory we decorated our school premises with colourful papers and banners. In the auditorium we embellished the stage with flowers, festoons and ballons of different colours. Honourable D.C of our district had consented to preside over the accasion. Honourable Education Minter, the chief guest, was accorded guard of honour by the B.N.C of our school. The ceremony began at 10 am. with the recitation of some verses from Holy Quran. I and one of my classmates announced the scheduled programme as a presenter after the national anthem. After that the performances of the students started. Someone danced, Someone song and someone recited poems. There was also some group performances like mime-show and drama. Our class had been chosen to put on a play. I was also acted in that play. Ours was the last performance. The cheering crowd greeted each performance with applause. The function ended with an encouraging, complimentary and educative speech of the chief guest. At last our headmaster thanked the chief guest and other guest for their kind presence. I felt very excited there and I still feel joy when I remember that day. I wish to have the day again and again. Arranging books in a library A library is a room or building where we can read various types of books, journals, periodicals etc. and satisfy our thirst for knowledge. All of the books in a library are organized in some categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their classes. There are two systems for organizing books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the Library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under the Dewey Decimal System, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For instance, Science is assigned with numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called call number. However, in this way books are arranged ip a library. A library can offer us immense knowledge. So, we should visit a library regularly to enrich our depth of knowledge. A Day Labourer A day labourer is a very common figure in our agricultural land. A day labourer is a man who lives by unskilled and manual works. He usually lives in a slum or in a small hut. He has no good house of his own. He is a very laborious and strong bodied man. He lives from hand to mouth. He gets up at dawn After taking some stale rice lie goes out of doors in search of work .He works from dawn to dusk. He gets his wages at the end of the day. Then he goes to market. buys daily goods and returns home. He usually works in the agriculture or in the construction fields. Generally he wears old and dirty clothes. He works both in fair and rough weather. His income is very poor. He has to starvewith his family, when he finds no work. He lives below extreme poverty line. He looks older than his age . He hardly enjoy peace and happiness in life. He leads a very sorrowful and miserable life .In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. He is unable to educate his children owing to acute poverty. Inspite of unhappy life, he feels happy because he leads an honest life. Our agriculture, construction works and development activities can not be thought of without his honest labour. In fact, a day labourer is our real friend but he has no dignity ('jolts' Cam) and love in bur society. Necessary steps should be adopted to improve his wheels of lot for our greater interest. A DICTIONARY Dictionary is listing of the words of a language, usually in alphabetical order but sometimes also by topic, with their meanings or their equivalents. A dictionary may also contain pronunciations, syllabications, etymologies (word histories), and examples of usage. The term dictionary is also applied to any systematic list of special terms such as abbreviations, slang, or etymology, or to a list in which the special terms of a particular subject are defined. Some dictionaries focus on particular subjects, such as science, biography, geography, mathematics, history, or philosophy. Some dictionaries are called encyclopedic, because they not only define words but also offer additional descriptive and explanatory information and identify many biographical and geographical names. A famous encyclopedic dictionary is the French 19th-century dictionary-encyclopedia the Grand dictionnaire universel, compiled by Pierre Athanase Larousse. The greatest such American work is the Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia, edited by American linguist William Dwight Whitney. The earliest known dictionaries were kept in the Mesopotamian city of Elba. These clay tablets inscribed in columns of cuneiform writing date from about the 2300s bc and consist of words in the Sumerian language and their equivalents in the Akkadian language. Whatever is done and practiced concerning the use of dictionary in the past; in our modern days, we can not pass a single day without taking help from dictionary while we learn language. ARSENICOSIS In our every day-today life we are experiencing new kind of problem. Arsenic pollution is one of them. At present it becomes an important matter for our country. Arsenic is a poisonous white compound of brittle element. Arsenic pollution is very dangerous for health. The presence of arsenic in tubewell water in maximum districts of Bangladesh makes the people fearful. The people of North Bengal are affected greatly. Press reports on this matter are drawing attention of all possible preventive measures. Drinking water polluted by arsenic causes many diseases like sores and stomach trouble. It also attacks the skins of palm, legs. Sometimes the sore turns into gangrene and then to cancer. So arsenic pollution is a great threat to human life. At present there is no medical treatment or medicine that can prevent arsenic pollution. The researchers are trying their level best to find out a remedy to this problem. All the tubewells must be examined and if arsenic is found, drinking of water from that tubewell must be stopped. It is safe to drink pure rain water. Water of pond, river can be made pure and fit for drinking. Arsenic pollution has taken a dreadful shape in the country. So, we should take proper steps to ensure a healthier and happier life for our people by preventing arsenic pollution ASTRONAUTS The term ‘astronaut’ comes from the Latin word ‘astrum’ (star) and ‘nauta’ (mariner) and is used mostly in English-speaking countries. The International Astronomical Federation define space travel as beginning 100 km (62 mile) above the earth, so some airplane pilots are considered astronauts. Astronauts came into being in the late 1950s, when both the United States and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) began piloted space flight programmes. Both countries chose military pilots as the first astronauts. Some of the earliest spacecraft were based on the high performance aircraft that these pilots were accustomed to flying. Modern astronauts include scientists, engineers, medical doctors and educators, as well as pilots. On July 16, 1969 three American astronauts were waiting in a spacecraft called Apollo 11. The astronauts were Neil A Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Mike Collins. Four days later, Armstrong and Aldrin landed their Lunar Module in the moon’s Sea of Tranquility. Armstrong and then Aldrin stepped onto the surface and became the first humans to leave their footprints in the lunar dust. They explored the surface and gathered moon rocks for over two hours. The next day they fired off the surface and rejoined Collins in the orbiting mother ship. Finally they returned to the earth. Thus astronauts made great achievements one after another and conquered the unknown. THE ANNUAL CULTURAL WEEK A school is a ground of learning for students in every regard. The school helps students to develop skills in educational and other extra curricular activities as well. In our text book we find that the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their annual cultural week in full mirth and joy. The students were highly jubilant to celebrate the function. One morning Mrs. Amin, the English teacher of class eight came with an announcement to the class. The class was told that they were selected to stage a play during this cultural week. Hearing this, they were enthusiastic enough to stage a play by Shakespeare. As Shakespeare’s plays were difficult and long, it was not possible for them to perform his play. So they were advised to stage a play which was written by Mr. Anis Ahmed and they agreed to do so. After school that day they met Mr. Anis Ahmed and discussed about the play. For a few days they practised a lot. On the scheduled day they made a stage and performed the play called ‘The Ghost’. The programme was appreciated by all. In this way the students of Nurpur High School celebrated their Annual Cultural Week. THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY OF MY SCHOOL Annual Sports Day is the most eventful and exciting day of the school. On the 10th instant we had the annual sports day in our school. On that day we tastefully decorated the school and put up a beautiful dais on the sports ground in front. On both sides of the dais, sitting arrangement was made for the spectators under colourful canopies. The Chief Guest, the Deputy Commissioner arrived on time and hoisted the national flag just at 9 a. m. The next attraction was the ‘March Past’ of the competitors. After the March Past, the Chief Guest declared the sports open. There were 20 items which were taken up according to the printed programme. All the items were contested well. At the end of every item the names of the winners were announced over the microphone and they stood up on the victory stand. In between the events fine cassettes were played and the whole environment was festive and jovial. When the items were over, the Chief Guest distributed the prizes. Then after a few short speeches were made by the teachers and guests and the function was declared over. The day was a refreshing day from the monotony of routined life. B A Book Fair These days the book fair has become very much popular. It has created a sense of interest for books among us. In a book fair hundreds of pavilions are set up. Miscellaneous books, fictions, textbook, dramas, children books, reference books etc. are displayed in a shop. The stalls are well decorated which enchant the mind of customers. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers take rest and refreshment there. The whole atmosphere wears a beautiful look. The main purpose of a book fair is not s ale but it offers a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in publication of books. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their own interest. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly and sit in some stalls. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held in a book fair. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book fair reminds us that books are our best comrades. They can change our outlook of life and widen our domain of wisdom. It is book, which assists us to forget jealousy, malice, superstition and covetousness. After all, we get our most advantages from a book fair and that is why we should purchase book from a book fair or from a bookstall. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined culture of a country. A book reminds us that books are our best comrades. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. CELEBRATION OF 15TH BIRTHDAY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. A Bus Stand A bus stand is the place where the buses stop and where from the start. With the improvement of the roads and highways, the number of buses is increasing day by day. And the importance of the bus stand has become great. These stands can be seen by the roadside. There are a few big bus stands located at the district headquarters or in the big cities including the capital city. Besides these big bus-stands, there are other hundreds of bus stands scattered all over the country. At some bus stands, there are sheds for the convenience of the waiting passengers. Now some of the famous bus stands have ticket counters from where the passengers purchase tickets in advance to book a seat. Usually these are places of great din and bustle. Sometimes passengers are to wait under the open sky if there is no shed for their waiting. At most of the bus stands tea stalls are found nearby. Many passengers, while waiting for buses, go there and refresh themselves taking a cup of tea or coffee. Street hawkers are busy to draw the attention of the passengers. They sell betel leaves, biscuits, breads, cigarettes, pamphlets, magazines etc. Again, some street beggars cry in loud voice with a view to drawing the passengers’ heed. When a bus comes up, there is a usual bustle and hurry among the passengers. Most of the buses are found jam-packed. Yet, people push one another to get on them. Some bus stands are filthy and noisy. Thieves, swindlers and pickpockets are also there in disguise. They sometimes try to misguide the innocent passengers for fulfilling their evil desires. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, but I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Bangladeshi Culture Culture is made up of all of its ideas, ways of behaving, working and playing. We, the Bangali, have an age old and traditional culture of our own. We have our own Language, dress, food habit , games and sports, music, art, literature etc. Our culture is a close knit, family oriented. We have a rich history and collection of folk songs in Bangladesh. Of them Palligiti, Bhatiali, Bhawaiya, Jari, Sari, Gambhira, Lalongiti, Palagaan and songs of Hason Raja are very popular. The traditional musical instruments like dotara, sarinda, bamboo flute, tabla are usually played with these songs. Cricket is the most popular sport in Bangladesh, followed by football . Shalwar Kameez , Sharee , kurta , fatua , lungi are the main dresses. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. Nakshi kantha is a kind of traditional craft and is said to be indigenous to Bangladesh. Our cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices. Panta ilish is a traditional platter of Panta bhat on the Pohela Boishakh. We have delicious and appetizing food, snacks, and sweets. The common ones are roshgulla, sandesh, rasamalai, gulap jamun, kal jamun and chom-chom. In a word, our culture is enriched in unique variety. A BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. It is perhaps the largest and most comprehensive celebration of the arts and culture of Bangladesh. It is held on the first day of the Bengali New Year. The Bengalees are all looking forward to welcome the year through this celebration. The Ramna Batamul is the centre, around which New Year celebration have spread around the city and gradually across the country. The festival encompasses exhibition, music, poetry, crafts, theatre, photography etc in the urban area. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. Some fairs are held for a day. Some are held for days together. It is held generally in the open place or on the bank of a river or a canal. All men, women and children gather in Baishakhi Mela in large number. Fancy goods, toys, balloons, flutes, sweets and wooden things are mostly sold and children buy them. Circus parties are the common features of the Baishakhi Mela. They often bring trained small tigers, elephants, monkeys, horses and bears that show funny feats. It is a matter of pride that we celebrate our cultural identity in a true spirit through Baishakhi Mela. Baishakhi Mela A Baishakhi Mela is a fair which usually is held on the first day of Baishakh to welcome the New Bangla Year. Baishakh is a month of enjoyment and merriment of the Bangalees. In fact, Baishakhi Mela is the reflection of the true picture of the life of the rural people of Bangladesh. The importance of the mela is very great to the Bangla speaking people. It gives us new life. Every year the villagers eagerly wait for the happy occasion. Their joy knows no bound Aaqt q;m~ mot) on the day. A Baishakhi Mela is a large gathering of all ages of people of all classes. In the mela, hand-made articles, dolls, toys, flutes, kites, cheap ornaments and cosmetics, bangles , ribbons (Nit), ready-made garments and other village handicrafts are displayed and sold. Sweets, fruits and snacks are also sold here. Doll dance and cock fight are the main attraction of a Baishakhi Mela.Traditional Bangla folksongs are sung and Jatra are also held in the mela. All ages of people attend the mela wearing colourful traditional dresses. A Baishakhi Mela is a great source of amusement and recreation to the rural people. But rural life is dismal and monotonous . So a Baishakhi Mela makes the villagers cheerful and removes the monotony of the routine works. It widens their outlook and breaks away social superstition. It helps to improvethe rural economy too. So a Baishakhi Mela has a great significance to the rural life. Every year I also visit the Baishakhi Mela with my grandfather who is very jolly-minded and humorous. A BIRTHDAY PARTY I ENJOYED A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are many charms in a birthday party because both the guests and the hosts get much pleasure in a birthday party. I have recently enjoyed a birthday party of one of my younger cousins. It was his 13 /14 / 15th birthday. As I am very close to him I had gone to their residence earlier to help him. We together decorated their house nicely. My cousin put on his new dress which my uncle had bought for him. Then the birthday cake arrived, which was the main attraction of the party. It had been ordered earlier. At 7 p.m. the arrival of the invited guests started. My cousin lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food was served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme was arranged after the meal. I also took part in the function by cutting a joke in the party. Everybody became happy to hear this. Then the guests gradually were leaving the function. All the guests left wishing my cousin many happy returns of the day. Finally it was my turn. In the mean time I extended my helping hand to do everything up nicely. Then I took farewell from my cousin. He did not like to leave me but I had to, as I had an important class next day. So I came back and all the night I cherished the sweet memories of the party. [Some information can be excluded to shorten the volume if necessary.] A Book Fair There is a great significance of a book fair in the cultural activities of a nation. Nowadays, book fairs are becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh. These are held in different cities and towns on different occasions of national significance days such as 'Ekusher Boi Mela' in the Bangla Academy Campus. Every year a book fair (exhibition) is arranged in the campus. Book fairs are now held in district towns also. In a book fair some publishers set up stalls. Book lovers such as, the teachers, the students, the poets, the writers, the service holders and some common people crowd there to make their choice and buy books from the stalls. The stalls are beautifully decorated and lighted in order to draw the attention of the customers. Books of different tastes are displayed in the stalls in an attractive way. The distinguished authors personally remain present in the stalls. Consequently, the readers can have a chance to meet their favourite authors. However, a book fair spreads the message that books are our best friends and companions. In fact, a book fair enriches our outlook and makes our life more meaningful. A Book Fair A book fair is a joyful and attractive fair where books are displayed and sold to the common people. Today educated people are very fond of visiting a book fair to enrich knowledge. So a book fair has also become very popular in our developing country. Every year, it is held on some special occasions in towns and cities every year. The Bangla Academy organizes a month long book fair on the occasion of the International Mother, Language Day on its compound. Besides, the famous book publishers also organize book fairs every. year. A book fair usually lasts for a week or even a month. Hundreds of book publishers and book sellers take part in the Ekushe book fair. The stalls sits in rows They are decorated nicely. Books on various branches both in Bangla and English are displayed and sold here. The, ,book lovers and the readers gather in a book fair. It is a large gathering - of students, teachers and educated people, sometimes scholars, writers and poets also visit a book fair. Seminars on books are also held here. Folk songs are also sung in a book fair. A book fair is an important part of education. It helps to broaden our kingdom of knowledge and helps to promote cultural attitude Books are sold at a cheap rate in a book fair. Visiting a book fair forms the habit of reading, buying, writing and taking care of books. Every student and every educated person should visit the book fair every year. I am also fond of visiting a book fair. A BOOK FAIR The purpose of a fair is to display products as well as to create demands in the markets for these products. A book fair is also arranged for the same. Now-a-days, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. It is heartening to see thousands of people coming to the fair and buying books according to their choice. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. The writers also visit the fair regularly. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence our government and conscious citizens should take positive steps to make these fairs more popular if we want to thrive as a nation in this competitive world. BEHAVING RESPONSIBLY A deep relation is in existence between man and responsibility. Responsibility is an inherent quality of man. As a social being man cannot be irresponsible. He cannot be nonchalant to his duties towards himself and to his neighbours. He should be conscious about his responsibilities and be active in performing them. Truly speaking man cannot live alone. He has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. Here we can mention the name of Anwar, Kashem and Mina who behaved very responsibly. One day Anwar and Kashem were walking together. They noticed a small crowd near the college pond. They walked fast to the place and found that the people were looking at an old lady who fell down and hurt herself. Anwar recognised the old lady that she was Rina’s grandmother. He requested Kashem to stay there. He ran off to Rina’s house and informed Rina’s mother of the accident. He came back with Rina’s mother and helped the old lady to transfer her to the hospital. While Anwar, Kashem and Rina’s mother were busy with Mrs. Murshed; Rina was attending her little brother. Thus Anwar, Kashem and Mina all have shown their respective sense of responsibility which charms us very much. So, as social beings we all should behave responsibly. Otherwise our existence will lose its value in the society. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR I VISITED A fair is a collection of outdoor entertainment, stalls etc on a large piece of open ground where a huge number of people gather and enjoy themselves. In other words, a fair can be defined as an exhibition of different types of products. Similarly a book fair is an exhibition of hundreds of thousands of books. In a book fair books on different subjects are systematically displayed for the attention of the readers. Recently I visited a book fair. It was held on the premises of the Bangla Academy. I went there with my parents. In the fair, I saw hundreds of bookstalls selling them displaying different types of books. Almost all of the bookstalls were arranged by different famous publications of the country. A few bookstalls were also organised by some leading cultural organisations of the country. As it was evening, there was a huge rush of crowd in the fair. Even it was difficult to walk freely at that hour. I along with my parents went to a number of bookstalls and bought some books. I also attended a seminar organised by the Bangla Academy. After passing some hours there we started for home just after the sunset. It was a nice experience for me which will remain long in my mind. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is an occasion where we find gathering of books for sale and show. The duration of a book fair is not so fixed. Nowadays, it has become a practice to hold book fairs in our country. In a book fair, hundreds of pavilions are set up. All sorts of books such as, fictions, text-books, dramas, children books, reference books etc are displayed. The stalls are decorated tastefully and thus the attraction of the customers is drawn. There are also food and drink stalls. The tired customers halt, rest and take refreshment there. The entire atmosphere wears a festive look. A book fair becomes crowded especially in the evening. Both male and female customers gather in a book fair. The writers also visit the fair regularly. Seminars and cultural programmes are also held. The important book fair in Bangladesh is generally held in the premises of Bangla Academy. It creates a taste and eagerness for reading while the authors and book-sellers get a chance for publicity. A book fair bears the testimony of the refined taste and national culture of a country. Hence positive steps should be taken to arrange more fairs in our country. A BOOK FAIR A book fair is a fair where a large number of books are displayed. It is usually held on certain occasions. Books of different tastes on different subjects are displayed in a book fair. The fair is normally held fora week for some days and sometimes fora whole month. For example Bangla Academy Boi Mela is held fora whole month. A book fair is place of union of readers, the book lovers, the writers, the publishers and soon. The stalls sit in rows. They arc decorated tastefully. Thousands of visitors gather in a book fair to visit or to buy the chosen books of their favourite writers. There area large number of books. So a reader can choose a book according to his/her own choice. There are also some arrangements for refreshments. Sometimes discussions are held on various topics. Speaking truly, a book fair upholds the culture of a particular society or country. It plays an important role in spreading the light of education and knowledge. Again, books are the best companions of our life. Hence a book fair revives the conscience of a nation. A BALANCED DIET Our body is the construction of food we eat. We must eat to live. For the formation of our body, we need to maintain a balanced diet. It is defined as one which contains food from different groups in such quantities and proportions that can meet the nutritional needs of the body. A balanced diet is one in which the ratio of the elements of food is balanced. It ensures that there are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, mineral salts and water in proportion to the requirement of our body. Carbohydrate gives us heat and energy. By eating rice, bread, potato, sugar, etc we get carbohydrate. Protein food like fish, meat, egg, dal, peas, bean and milk build our body. Fat gives us heat and energy and prevents decay of the body. We get fat by eating oil, butter and ‘ghee’. By eating leafy and green vegetables, fruit, egg, fish, meat and liver and by drinking milk we get vitamins and also mineral salts. Vitamins and mineral salts keep our body fit for work and keep away diseases. Thus a balanced diet is a system of food in which we get the essential elements of food for our body. BANGLADESH : MY COUNTRY Bangladesh is in South Asia on the shore of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is on the south and the other three sides of the country are surrounded by India but she shares a bit of the south-east border with Myanmar. The Tropic of Cancer and the 90° longitudinal line intersect almost in the middle of the country. She became independent from Pakistan in 1971. The total land area of the country is 1,44,570 square kilometres and population is about 130 million. Almost all the people of the country speak Bangla. English is also used widely as well. There area number of tribal dialects. About 85 per cent of the people are Muslims and the rest are Hindus, Buddhists and Christians. The national dress for men is pyjama and punjabi and for women saree and blouse. But educated people wear generally trousers and shirts and young women salowar and kamiz. The farmers, the majority of the population, wear longi and shirts. Dhaka is the capital of this country and Chittagong, the port city, is called the commercial capital of the country. Cox's Bazar for its silvery sandy sea beach and Rangamati with ever-green hills and lakes are special natural sites worth-seeing for the tourists. The society is generally male-dominated but nowadays both men and women manage the finances and maintain the family. Female rights are acknowledged and they are encouraged in every sector of the country. A BRIDAL PARTY A woman on her wedding day or a newly married woman is called a bride. Hence a bridal party is a party which consists of the bride and her friends and attendants. This party is formed to observe certain rites peculiar to women both before and after solemnization of marriage. They also make arrangement for rejoicings and merry-making. They sing nuptial songs while they help the bride observe various rites and ceremonies. As for example, they perform the ceremony of smearing the person of the bride or bridegroom with turmeric preparatory to marriage. They also welcome the bridegroom and his friends when they arrive at the bride’s house. After solemnization of marriage the ‘ruyyat’ ceremony is observed under the supervision and guidance of the bridal party. It is the young girls of the bridal party that take the bridegroom to the ‘Zenana’ where in a room the richly decorated bride adorned with precious ornaments is kept waiting. She is surrounded by the jovial ladies and gay young girls of the bridal party. The bridegroom is made to sit on the right side of the bride. A big mirror is placed before the bride and the bridegroom. Then they have to exchange looks and to go through certain other rites. The witty devices that the girls and ladies of the bridal party take to put the bridegroom to feminine harassment draw forth a peal of laughter from the assemblage in the ‘Zenana’. In fact, the bridal party, like the bridegroom’s party, plays a vital role in bringing the bride and bridegroom into a happy wedlock. A BUS ACCIDENT Nowadays bus accident has become a regular affair. Many people lose their lives for bus accident. Last week I saw a bus accident. It was 10 am and I was walking along the Hospital Road, Tala, Satkhira to go to my college. A girl was going the same way. Site was a few hands ahead of me. Suddenly she crossed the road. When she was in the middle of the road, all on a sudden a micro bus came on and knocked her down. The micro ran over her. She shouted and fell within seconds. Meanwhile people gatherer round her. She was taken to hospital but doctor declared her dead. This incident really shocked me a lot. Words cannot express my feelings. She is a student of class six. She is the only child of her parents. She is no more. This accident made me very sad. I won't forget this bitterest experience. A BUS STAND A bus stand is a place where service buses stop and start from. After a fixed time a good number of up and down buses touch at a bus stand at different hours of the day and night. In cities there are sheds for passengers at a bus stand. It is a temporary shelter for passengers. Passengers wait for sometime to get on a bus. In some bus stands there are counters for ticket. Passengers stand in a line for buying tickets. Sometimes there is exchange of hot words if anybody breaks the line. A bus stand is a busy place. One bus comes and another stands for. The passengers become busy in procuring a seat. The drivers and conductors are also very busy. Their shouts are heard. They try to get as many passengers as they can. A bus stand is always noisy. There are roadside tea-stalls, small shops and hawkers selling betel leaf and cigarette at a bus stand. Magazines and seasonal fruits are also sold here. It is a useful place indeed. A BUS STAND A bus stand is generally a place where public buses usually stay for some time. Near the place there lies a shed which protects the passengers from the sun and the rain. Sometimes, there is a long queue of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus arrives, there is a rush of passengers to get down and to get into the bus. Taking the advantage of this, pickpockets sometimes pick the pockets of the passengers. There are different types of shops that sell foods, fruits, newspapers and other essentials. Hawkers, with their peculiar shouting, try to sell betels, cigarettes, biscuits, chocolates, newspapers, and such other things. People of all ages while away time here when they get chance. A bus stand in Bangladesh often causes traffic jam because most of the bus drivers do not follow traffic rules. This is a great threat to our smooth communication. So steps should be taken to improve the condition of the bus stands for the betterment of the passengers. A Bus Stand A bus stand is nothing but a halting and starting place for buses. In a bus stand, there is a temporary shed for the passengers. It is open on all sides. The passengers wait here to avail a bus. There is a heavy rush of passengers in a bus stand. When a bus comes, passengers rush to get into it. The passengers who are inside the bus are not able to get down from it due to on-rush of the passengers who try to get into the bus. In this way, pushing and pulling among the passengers go on. In some bus stands, there are book stalls and small tea shops. The hawkers sell betel leaf, bread, chanachur, betel nuts, cigarettes, chocolates, newspapers and magazines etc. Now and then, seasonal fruits are sold in a bus stand. When a bus comes, shouts of the helpers and conductors of the buses are hoard continually. Hawkers try to draw the attention of the passengers by their peculiar shouts. In Bangladesh, most of the bus stands do not have sheds. So the passengers suffer under scorching heat of the sun. They also get wet by the sudden shower of rain. A bus stand is not an attractive place. Yet it is a very useful place undoubtedly. My Last Birthday Party Today birthday is one of most popular and common festivals in any society of the world. It is an important part of our culture. A birthday is a symbol or token of pleasure and enjoyment. The festival reminds our past life. Every year our family celebrates my birthday party very gorgeously. My last birthday ceremony was held at our village home on December 10, 2007. The sky was very clear. Many relatives, friends and neighbour attended the joyful function. I along with my younger sister decorated the house very nicely with coloured papers, flowers and baloons. I put on a new nice dress. Almost all the guests arrived at our home by 5 pm and I received them cordially. Almost all the guests brought some gifts for me. But my uncle brought a nice pilot pen for me and I am fond of the pen very much. All the guests stood around the dinning table. I cut the cake and put out the candles. At that time all clapped and sang, "happy birthday tou." Then, delicious food items were served. All enjoyed the delicious food with satisfaction. In fact. the day was a glorious ceremony. Bangla Academy Book Fair A good book is the constant companion of any good reader. When new books are published, they need to be made known to the reading realm. To draw the attention of the readers and to popularize the reading habit, book fair is organized on different important occasions. Last I visited a book fair in Bangla Academy campus. It was about 5 pm. when I arrived there. The main gate was nicely decorated. Inside the premises there were about three hundred book stalls set up by different publishing houses. It was a fair of books of different interest. The whole area became over-crowded. Many people were walking aimlessly. There were also children. I enjoyed the atmosphere very much. I had an opportunity to meet several famous poets and novelists. I also bought five books on different issues. The main thing about a book fair is not sale but display of books on different subjects. National Book Center, Jupiter Publication, Naboputhighar Publication, Bangla Academy and many other book publishers took part in the fair. I also met Mr. Anisul Haque, Humayun Ahmed, Jafar Iqbal, Imdadul Haque Milan etc at the book fair. C Cyber Café: A site for multidimensional communication Cyber Café is the centre where the Internet users can have an easy access to get all types of information. In a cyber cafe there are arranged many computers with Internet connection. Here one can use Internet paying the required amount of money. Different types of people come to a cyber cafe in quest of different types of information. The modern cyber cafe is established providing the users with all sorts of facilities including fast food facilities. Most of the students go to a cyber cafe to get help from various educational corners. At times they collect information of different universities of the world for higher education and sometimes for better job. Those days are not so far when the students can take their class lecture from anywhere of the worlds. It is also sure that some users go to a cyber cafe for gossiping with their friends through Internet. Again, one can have a telephone call with the help of net2phone and with other popular programmes and devices. Some users go there with a view to checking their emails. Some are compelled to go to a cyber cafe because their telephone lines at home remain busy with normal phoning. Going to a cyber cafe the users can get the advantages of voicemail, email, telephone, web-phone, fax, telex and even videoconference. But for videoconference the cyber cafe requires a web camera or a digital video camera that gives the facility of enjoying movie-live pictures each other of the users. Nowadays a physician can treat a patient staying in other country through Internet. Moreover, the modern professional doctors are getting opportunities to make themselves up-to-date and becoming familiar with the new and latest systems of treatments. Besides these, all types of learners are to go to a cyber cafe not only for solving their perspective problems but also for having an acquisition of wisdom from the online Encarta Encyclopaedia, Britannica and many others. Browsing homepage and purchase-corner, the users can learn the price, quality etc of different products of different companies; and they can order them sending MasterCard, Visa-Card, Ready-Cash etc. through Internet. One can download freeware software, virus-protection tools and many other essentials from the web-site of Internet. Web-TV, 3-D games, virtual-reality, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and so on cannot but excite our mind with entertainment. But the youngsters sometimes enjoy the taboo and obscene pictures and movies that may harm their moral characters. Moreover, they may spend time and money more than necessary. After all, we can say that cyber cafe is getting more and more popular day by day for its great importance. Culture and Cultural Assault: An adverse effect of satellites Culture stands for the pre-determined notions, norms, values, beliefs, customs, conventions, music, language and ways of behaviour of persons living in a particular zone. It denotes what is good and bad, what is to be done and what is not to be done. It is determined by the society through the day-to-day activities. It does not stand still and it varies from society to society, country to country and time to time. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. We have miscellaneous songs based on rural and idyllic pictures of life. We have jari, sari, kobi, bhatiali, polligeeti, Lalongeeti, Nazrulgeeti, Rabindrasangeet, marufoti, swariati, murshidi and local jatrapala. We have our own food habits like rice and fish as well as ways of eating. We have our traditional dress like longyi, dhuti, shirt and punjabi for the male and sharee and blouse for the female. Eid, puja, Buddha Purnima, Christmas Day, Victory Day, Pahela Baishakh, Nabanna and Halkhata are some of our distinguished festivals. All these are our culture and cultural traits. On the contrary, culture which is not known and practised in a society is called alien culture. All alien cultures are not detrimental to a society. A native culture may be enriched and ameliorated enough with the influence of some alien cultures. But some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. CHILD LABOUR ‘Children are today’s investment and tomorrow’s dividend’. It does not seem to be true when we look at the thousands of children working around us, even before they begin to bloom. Child labour emerged as a serious problem during industrial evolution and it pervades the world as a global phenomenon. In Bangladesh too, it remains a ubiquitous problem. The most glaring causes that have compounded this evil are back-breaking poverty, large families, lack of free and compulsory education and ignorance of parents. Children from 8 to 12 years of age have to do manual labour. Many of them work as domestic servants. Sometimes they are engaged to work in the fields. They work in shops, hotels and restaurants. They are seen to break brick and stones. Some are found to work as street-hawkers, rickshaw-pullers and car cleaners. They work in small factories. They polish boots, sell ‘chanachur’, ‘badam’ and vegetables. They work as porters. In the platforms of big stations, they are found to work as porters and often they are found to beg. Some of them move as pick-pockets. This undoubtedly jeopardises their future for they have no choice except to work. So, all sections of people of our country as well as the government should give serious thought to this problem. The government should think about the grim situation of child labour. Child labour should be stopped by law. CITY LIFE City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in cities. In cities the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in cities. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in cities. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in the town. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in cities are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. City is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in cities. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in cities. Even all necessary things are available in cities. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. CHILD LABOUR The manual labour done by children is known as child labour. Today it is one of the most major problems in our developing country. It is an inhuman and brutal act. It is also treated as a sinful act. Child labour has become a very common affair in Bangladesh. The street children and the orphan boys and girls are the victims of child labour. Many of the children are engaged in houses as domestic servants and maid-servants. Today most children are engaged in garment factories, cottage industries, shops. hotels, restaurants and many small industries. Many are also seen selling flowers, betel leaves. chanachur. fruits, chocolates, polishing boots and collecting garbage, torn papers and torn clothes. Many are seen begging and catching fish in canals, rivers. haors and beels. They are also seen breaking stones and bricks, carrying brick on their heads and pulling rickshaws. Many child work as porters, in rail station and launch terminals. They have to work from dawn to desk. They have neither recreation nor leisure. 'They are always misbehaved. Sometimes they are beaten mercilessly. They get very poor wages. They are given stale food. They have no scope to receive education. They are deprived of all basic needs and rights of life. But our children are the future leaders of our country. So child labour must be stopped soon by law. Proper education should be made compulsory for them. Social awareness must be created to stop child labour. Campus Violence Education in our country is passing through a stage of crisis. Along with political unrest in the country, campus violence has become almost a daily affair. It appears that the students are there in our colleges and universities only to be engaged in violence throwing their main duty of learning something to dust. The impact of such violence is too many to be described. It may simply be said that Bangladesh is already educationally backward. The teachers are growing unconcerned about the welfare of the students. The students are growing to be more concerned about politics endless about their studies. They are gradually forming the habit of intolerance. The basic principles of democracy for which they are shouting are going to be slaughtered at their hands. The innocent students and guardians are becoming the worst sufferers. Campus violence not only ruins the academic environment but also spoils the life of the students and takes away many valuable lives. They have become puppets in the hands of the so called narrow minded politicians. The self centered narrow minded politicians exploit the innocent students and encourage them terrorism by supplying them with weapons. As campus violence is a demon and no one like to see it again, the government is also keen to make campuses violence free and making student activism a process of leadership building for future, people concerned want to see immediate steps from the government and elder politicians in this regards. The Curse of Campus Violence Campus violence is one of the most inhuman and brutal acts in our free land. It is a great social curse. Campus violence refers to clashes between two rival groups of the students in the campus of an educational institution. Today campus violence is very a common scene in colleges and universities in Bangladesh. It is a great wonder that a great number of colleges and the universities have turned into the ground of clashes, violence and terrorism. In fact, an educational institution is a sacred place 41-f) to the learners for gaining education as well as knowledge. Parents send their children there to acquire and receive true and better education to make their life fruitful and successful. But this holy place often turns into the sea of blood of the innocent brilliant students. Many innocent learners take arms and weapons in their hands in place of education under the misguidance of some brutal political leaders or the terrorists or the traitors. Ignorance and illiteracy is also mainly liable for campus violence in Bangladesh. It is great obstacle to true and standard education. This brutal ,practice paralyze and averts our social and national development plans and programmes drastically. If violence continues , our all hopes and aspirations will turn into astray. Campus violence must be wiped out at any cost with a view to saving our young society. Public awareness must be raised. In order to wipe out this brutal act, both the teachers and the guardians must be more conscious and watchful of the students. The students should be taught the value of good moral character and patriotism. Child-Labour-in- Bangladesh “Child labour” defines an extremely complex set of phenomena. It is undoubtedly one of the curses of new era. Poverty poses to be a great threat in Bangladesh. Their working in the hotels or in the garments, as a tempo helper or a tokai is really pathetic. Sometimes they are engaged in full time job from tender age like domestic servant, day-laborer. It may involve too much physical pressure such as brick clinker, railway porter. In many places, children are mentally and physically oppressed during their work. But a child has right to live and survive well. Being deprived of basic rights, a child cannot become a perfect man. We should ensure their good leaving. A child should be protected from all kinds of threats and oppressions. He has the right to get educated. We should encourage them to learn. We should also ensure a child’s health and hygiene. We should try to improve their physical and mental development. A child should not be forced into labor. We must not expect income from the children. The world community has to be more conscious about this. Child labor should be banned from the society as soon as possible for a better future of the country because one who is child today will be a perfect man tomorrow. All children should be given equal privileges to grow up in the interest of mankind itself. Child trafficking Child trafficking is a crime against humanity. Trafficking in persons is nothing short of modern-day slavery. It is, therefore, not only a problem for Bangladesh but rather it is a global problem. The most common forms of human trafficking in Bangladesh are, among others: trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced prostitution, domestic servitude, forced labour and other forms of exploitation. Child trafficking is now considered one of the major concerns for Bangladesh. However, various studies reveal that over 1 million women and children have been trafficked out of the country in the last 30 years. A UNICEF report says that approximately 400 women and children in Bangladesh are victims of trafficking each month. Both internal and cross-border trafficking exist in Bangladesh. In the case of internal trafficking, women and children are often taken away from their homes on false promises of a better life with good employment or by using various other criminal acts and means by the traffickers who sell them to brothels. It is mainly people from rural areas with minimal survival options and those who suffer the worst from discriminatory sociocultural practices who are lured or deceived with promises of a better life and more lucrative job opportunities in cities. At the cross-border level, victims are transported and transferred to destinations further away such as India, Pakistan and Middle Eastern countries, by using illegal acts and processes which culminate in the most corrosive forms of human rights violations and a life of unspeakable agony and torture. Cultural Assault Cultural assault means bad influence of foreign cultures on any native culture. Some cultures have profound impact on other cultures that might be harmful and then it will be a cultural assault. In the present global world it is quite tough to impede this cultural aggression. With the development of hi-tech media, it has been very easy for a society to be infiltrated by alien cultures. Many of the cultural elements may be influenced in this way. Our Bangladeshi culture is mostly affected because of cultural assault of other countries. Our dress pattern especially for teenagers and young generation has altered a lot. Now people like pop song and band music sung in the western style and with western musical instruments. Besides, our eating habits are also being changed. Today many of us like to take fast food outside home using chopstick, fork etc. Now our young generations prefer celebration of 31 December to that of Pahela Baishakh. They never mind celebrating the Valentine’s Day. However, to get rid of the invasion of alien culture, we should be very much strict to exercise our own culture and flourish our cultural elements. We can rightly boast of an affluent cultural heritage. We have our own cultural traits and its identity. In addition to that, we have to accept miscellaneous alien cultures selectively, which will make our traditional culture more affluent. Courtesy in the perspective of Bangladesh and other countries Courtesy means showing of politeness in ones attitude and behaviour towards others. It costs nothing but buys everything. The measure of a truly great man is the courtesy with which he treats lesser man. Saying courtesy words like thank you are simple acts of courtesy they make an impact on every one and go a long way in building long lasting meaningful relationships. Few are the words which we use with courtesy ….thank you, you are welcome, i am sorry, excuse me. The traditional greeting for Muslims is Asalamu alaikum to which the response is wa alaikum salam. The hand shake is common although they may feel rather limp. If people are of the same age, they use first names. When visiting a Bangladeshi’s home, it is more common to bring pastries, sweets or good quality chocolates. Patterns of behaviour and action vary from individual to individual, class to class, society to society and country to country. These differences are referred to as cultural differences. What is an appropriate mode of behaviour in one culture might prove inappropriate or even rude in another culture. For example, when Latin Americans talk to each other, they stand about 18 to 12 inches apart, measured nose to nose. To stand further away from each other while talking seems unfriendly, to them. In some Arab countries too, the proper and polite distance for a conversation is to be close enough to feel the other person’s breath. But in British or American society, getting so close during a conversation is considered inappropriate. An example is the informal use of first names among staff holding different status at work. Although it would be a blasphemy for a student to call his/her teachers by their first names in Bangladesh, it is quite common in British colleges and universities. Craftwork A craftwork is an applied form of art, a social and cultural product reflecting the inclusive nature of folk imagination. It, which usually doesn’t bear the signature of its maker, retains a personal touch. It is shaped by the interaction of individual creativity and community aesthetics, utility functions and human values. It is distinguished by its maker’s desire to locate himself or herself in the wider and ever-changing cultural aspirations of the community, and subsequently of the market. Certain forms, shapes, styles and aesthetic preferences change little over time, suggesting that a craftwork can function as a stable signifier of community values and desires over time. Mechanical and mass production take away this feeling of assurance and stability and the sense of continuity that the handmade craftwork evokes. Traditionalists contend that the society needs to preserve the authenticity and naturalness of craftworks and their association with domesticity and environment; and, on the other, promoters of machine production argue that the machine has helped restore the appeal of the crafts due to their cheaper production costs. Crafts that are disappearing can and should be revived, even where the machine has made the prospect difficult. And crafts that are still practiced can be safeguarded and made to consolidate their position further. This can be done by providing grants, loans, assistance and other support to the producers, and helping them find a comfortable customer base. But more importantly, craftwork can be branded and successfully marketed throughout the country and beyond as there are always buyers and users of handmade products who feel a strong attraction towards such cultural productes. A CELEBRATION A Celebration is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery from accident she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. A COLLEGE CANTEEN College canteen is a stall where the students, teachers, employees and guests can take light snacks as well as rice. This type of canteen is very important for the students because they can take food front there without going outside. If they go outside, it takes a lot of time and costs money for rickshaw fare. The canteen provides the students with various food items ranging from rice to bread, chicken to vegetables, sandwich to singara, coke to tea, banana to grapes etc. There area wide varieties of food for them. They can cat rice and curry or singara and tea. They can sit in the canteen or take away food from there. In some canteens there are facilities like photocopy, computer and boat stall. Students can bay books, pens, pencils etc from the stall. The canteen is usually furnished with chairs, tables. fans etc. Some canteens keep pure drinking water for the students. Students usually come to the canteen during leisure period to take food or tiffin. But some of the students come here to gossip and pass time discussing fashion, politics, personal affairs etc. Some of them come here to smoke and drink water and tea. So, canteen serves various necessities of students– both good and bad. A COLLEGE LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. A college library is a part and parcel of any educational institute. It is the storehouse of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. It contains many books of various kinds. There are books of literature, science, philosophy, commerce, history, arts and so on. There are also some biographies, dictionaries and reference books. There are two rows of open shelves in the library. There are also sitting arrangement for the students to study and take down notes. Students can move around the shelves and choose books according to their need. The man in charge of the library is called the librarian. He keeps the records of the library and issues the students books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. The library is a quiet place. Students keep quiet when they enter the library. It is an ideal place for study and meditation. A library helps the students to develop their knowledge. All kinds of prosperity of a nation depend on education which is directly related to the library. It is the best teacher if students can use it properly. CELEBRATION OF A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, all the male members of our family proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. We also said our prayer at home. After the prayer my father and brothers came back home and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters together. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. The Last Independence Day I Celebrated The independence Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our independence/ freedom is our great achievement. Our independence was declared at the mid night of 26th March in 1971. But we won the Victory on the 16th December in the same year. So the 26th March is a red letter day in our national life. Every year our nation observes the gala day to show profound love and homage to the heroic sons who died for the cause of our freedom. All educational institutions, offices, banks and organizations hold/ organize discussion meetings, cultural functions and rallies to welcome the red letter day. Every year our college also observes the joyful day in a befitting manner. The last Independence Day was observed more gorgeously in our college. The college buildings were adorned nicely. Our college arrange a discussion meeting at our college auditorium A local freedom fighter Mr Habib was the chief guest in the function. He hoisted the national flag. The students and many freedom loving persons took part in the discussion meeting. The chief guest and the Principal= spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyred freedom fighters. I also took part in the discussion on behalf of the students. All stressed on our poverty and hunger alleviation. In fact, the Independence is a day of joy, hopes and inspirations. The day inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. Really we are proud of our independence. The Last International Mother Language Day I Celebrated The International Mother Language Day is one of the most remarkable days in our national life. Our Shaheed Dibash February 21 is now observed as the International Mother Language Day. The day is our great achievement. But the 21st February is the mourning day in our national life. Every nation of the world observes the day to show true love and deep homage towards the martyrs of our Language Movement. All educational institutions, offices, banks, political parties and other social organizations hoist the National Flag on the top of their buildings or office and hold discussions meetings. rallies and cultural functions to welcome the day. Every year our college also observes the day in a befitting manner. We observed the last International Mother Language Day with due respect too. The college buildings was decorated nicely. Our college arranged a discussion meeting at college auditorium. Our former Principal was the chief guest of the meeting. The students, many guardians and many educated people attended the discussion meeting. The chief guest and our Principal spoke highly about the great sacrifice of the martyrs who died for the cause of our mother language in 1952. I spoke in the meeting on behalf of the students of our college. The day has a great significance and importance in our national life. It inspires us to fight and protest against any injustice and inhuman act. CELEBRATION OF MY LAST BIRTHDAY One celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. Celebration of Pahela Baishakh in College Every year Pahela Baishakh is celebrated across the country to welcome Bangla New Year. It is the first day of Bangla New Year. It is a public holiday in our country. Every educational institution or any office or any organization or any club celebrates the day every year. Every year our college also holds various special programmes on the happy day. This time too we celebrated Pahela Baishakh in our college compound in a befitting manners . Our college chalked out various ' joyful programmes including a discussion meeting and cultural functions. All the students and many I guardians attended the programmes wearing traditional rich dresses. I went to college at dawn with my grandfather wearing traditional dresses and by taking traditional foods like Panta Bath with hilsha fish and green chilly .We decorated the whole college campus with coloured papers and various flowers. Many reputed singers, poets, writers and special guests attended the joyful programmes. The Chairman of Comilla Education Board was the chief guest of the day. I recited some poems regarding Pahela Baishakh. My grandfather sang some sweet songs which were the main attraction of the function. Our Bangla teacher made funs and jokes which made all laugh wonderfully. The chief guests and the teachers delivered valuable speeches about the significance of the day. Our principal declared the end of the function thanking all at 5 pm and I returned home at 6 pm with happy mood. The day has a great importance in our life. It removes the monotony of my routine works, gives joy, removes dismal of mind and makes life cheerful. Climate Change Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures due to the consequence of unchecked pollution. Most climatologists opine that boh natural events and human activities are contributing to the increase in average temperatures surrounding the earth. This is caused primarily by the increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon di-oxide gas, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. The destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, traffic that clogs up city streets, the rapid growth of industry, the use of CFCs, detergents, maritime disaster, human and industrial waste products etc are highly responsible for this change. Now a days global warming has made the environmentalists think about the dreadful consequences. Climatologists predict that midway through the next century; temperatures may have risen by as much as 4 C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Pragmatic as well as drastic steps should be taken to create awareness to stop the causes and sources of emitting carbon dioxide. Tree plantation program should be adopted soon. These are the measures the whole world needs to be concerned with a view to preventing global warming. College Campus Our college campus is an ideal one in the Upazila. Ours is an ideal and renowned college. It has a good reputation all over Bangladesh for its better education, good results and extra-curricular activities. It has a vast area. Our college campus consists of five academic buildings, one administrative building, a rich library building, a big auditorium, a modern science laboratory building, a modern computer club building, a big college canteen building, two modern hostels, a modern beautiful mosque and a big temple. There are also a big pond, a big playground, a beautiful Shaheed Minar in our college campus. About 4,000 students both male and female are studying here. The whole college campus covers 6 acres of high land near the river. There are hundreds of fruit and medicinal trees around the college compound. So the natural scenery of the college campus is matchless and spectacular. Really, our college campus is worth-seeing . It is never flooded . There is a big car park in front of the main gate of the college. Our principal room is housed in the main building. The four academic buildings and the administrative buildings are four storied each. The classes are held in the four-academic buildings. All the building are modern and south facing. So they are well-lighted and well-airy. A disciplined and lively atmosphere exists here. Our college campus is free from any chaos and disturbance. On holidays, the students from remote areas come to our college to make a picnic. We feel proud of it. We always keep it neat and clean. A CULTURAL FUNCTION ARRANGED IN OUR COLLEGE A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our college auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our college authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Principal of our college discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. Our College Canteen A college canteen is one of the important and useful parts of a college. An ideal college should have all teaching aids and necessary tools in order to ensure a standard education. A canteen is a place where the employees or the workers of an office or a bank or an industry or a mill take a tiffin during interval. Today a canteen is very common to any educational institutions. A college, canteen is a canteen belonging to a college. It serves tiffin and drinks to the students, staffs and the .teachers of a college during leisure hours or free time. Ours is a big and old college. More- than 2000 students both male and female are reading here. I am lucky that there is a big and modern canteen in our college compound. It is housed (located) at one corner of the college premises. It is south-facing. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There are necessary chairs, tables and other tools in the canteen. The college canteen supplies us delicious and healthful dishes. It also supplies us hot tea and coffee. Only the students of our college gather here for tiffin during tiffin hours. No outsider is allowed here. We need not go to outside for refreshment or tiffin. We abide by the rules and discipline of our college canteen. So, a -decent er-14ronment always prevails in our college canteen. A college canteen plays a vital role in saving time and keeping sound health of the students. A standard education is not possible in a college without a canteen. So each and every college should have a good canteen in order to ensure a standard education. A CULTURAL FAIR I ENJOYED MOST Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But Baishakhi Mela had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. CHARACTER The crown and glory of life is character. Character includes many moral qualities such as honesty, truthfulness, kindness, sympathy, charity etc. These qualities are like jewels. They bring a man of character honour and glory. The character of a man is revealed in his action, speech and manners. Truth is the breath of a man of character. He is always true to his promise. He is a man of principles. He has sympathy for other people. He does good to others. He has a strong control over his passions. Character is more forceful than learning. A man may be vastly learned. But if he has no character, he will be respected by none. A man may not have much learning. If he has character, he wins the love and respect of the world. A man of character is an asset to the state. A nation whose citizens are men of character is sure to live on the world for ever. But a nation, whose members have no regard for honesty and character, is doomed to ruin. Character is the key-stone of success in life. It is more valuable than money and wealth. All the great men of world flourished in life by virtue of character. COMPUTER Computer is an electronic device which stores and processes different data and information in it. Computer was discovered mainly to perform different complicated mathematical calculations. However, it was not invented overnight. It was invented after ceaseless efforts of different scientists. Charles Babbage deserves the glory of inventing and modernising this device. Nowadays its functions are not only confined to calculation but also it performs any work useful for us. People in the modem life can hardly do without it. All mho offices, schools, colleges shanks are very much dependent on computerised automation. In the offices big piles of papers are no longer seen because all the data are stored in computer. Banking facility has risen a lot because of computerisation. We even can enjoy songs, movies and play games on computer. However computer has some bad effects as automation may curtail the human employment in offices. It may cause harm to our eyesight. So, we must be careful of the way we use it. Computer Or, The Uses and the Abuses of Computer Computer is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions of modern science. Wherever we turn our eyes we can see the blessings/ inventions of science. Computer is a great success of science. It does the works of human brain. So it is called an electric brain. At first computer was invented in China. The modern computer was invented by Charles Babage. an American scientist in 1944. So he is called the father of modem computer. There are two kinds of computer like Analogue computer and Digital computer. Today Digital Computer is widely used all over the world. A computer consists of five principal units like the input unit, the output unit, the memory unit, the control unit and the arithmetic unit. A modem computer can do/ perform hundreds of difficult things within a short time. It can solve hundreds of problems within a second. Now it is being widely used in all fields such as education, medical science, agriculture, commerce,business, communication, transport. travelling, sports and games, recreation, factories, banks, shopping etc. It is widely used in printing books and preparing the results of examinations. Students are much benefited by using computer. They can learn many things within a short time. It has some defects too. It may cause brain tumour and weakens/ shortens the eye-sight of the operator. Sometimes it gives wrong information. In spite of its some defects it has wonderfully made our life easy, comfortable and happy. In order to make our life more successful we should learn the uses of computer well. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is operated by software. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science. It is the miracle of modern science. It is operated by software. Without software a computer is useless. It is an electronic machine that can perform the work done by human brain. It is used in various ways. It can perform mathematical calculations in a few minutes, which trained mathematicians would need years to complete. It cannot only solve complex mathematical problems but also perform many operations at once and at the same time without any confusion. The faster computer can handle millions of problems in a few seconds. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. It is used in every aspect of life. It is used in medical science, engineering, administrative fields, defence, meteorology, astrology, marine science, telex communication, industrial operation, airways, entertainment, research work etc. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. On-line communication is a great advantage for us. It can connect the whole world at a glance. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. A computer promises to free man from monotonous routine tasks. It also can run a business, play chess or even compose music. It is now being used in offices, industries and shopping centres. At present modern civilisation is meaningless without a computer. COMPUTER Computer has become an integral part of life. A computer is an electronic brain which can perform many tasks. It is a versatile device which can compute and interpret information very quickly. Computer is made up of tiny electronic circuits. Every computer has a key board which acts like a typewriter. The monitor is like a TV screen which we can see. There are various softwares which can be used for various programmes. According to functions, the computer processes the information. It can do various tasks. These are nowadays used almost in every field like weather forecasting, entertainment, business, marketing, planning, design, education, publishing etc. They are even used for making films and cartoons. Computers have become so common that these are found in schools, homes, hotels and offices. It has performed an imaginary revolution in the field of information technology. Nowadays Internet is used in innumerable scales. One can get entry to any library of university in anywhere of the world by browsing a computer sitting in Bangladesh. We can visit the whole world just sitting in front of it. People can even be seen using portable computers while travelling. The software for games, general knowledge and graphics are very popular among children. Without it modern civilisation is meaningless. Computer indeed, is a wonder of modern science. A Computer Exhibition/ Fair A computer exhibition is a fair where computer and its functions are displayed and exhibited to the common people. So to make computer,.more popular to every fields, computer fairs are held in towns and cites in every country. Today a computer fair is also very common and popular in our country. Every year-, a computer fair is also held in every capital cities in Bangladesh. A world famous computer exhibition is held at Shere-E-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka every year. A computer exhibition displays different brands and function of computer made by different companies of different countries. Computer soft wares and hard wares are also displayed in a computer exhibition to make computer more popular in every sector/ field. People of all ages gather in a computer exhibition. Specially, science students and computer lovers visit a great extent because the buyers get inspired for buying computers. The value of a computer exhibition is very great in our life. We can learn newer and important information and programmes by visiting a computer exhibition regularly. A science student can learn a lot of valuable and important new informationabout computer world by visiting a computer. exhibition. Character Character is the combination of habits. It is the crown and glory of life. Honesty, truthfulness, sympathy, charity and other good qualities constitute character. A man of character does good to everybody. He is always honest and generous in his views. He is also a man of principle. He is respected by all. He never plays tricks with his friends. He encourages other people also. A man without character is like a beast. He may be rich or educated, but he is disliked by all. He is a curse to the society. Everybody hates him. Such a person lives a miserable life ultimately. Indeed, a man of character is an asset to the state. A child's character is built up from childhood. Heredity is also a great element to build up character. Environmental influence also plays an important role in moulding one's character. Character brings fame. It makes a man immortal. All the great persons of the world were men of character. Thus we should remember the maxim, 'When wealth is lost, nothing is lost, when health is lost, something is lost, but when character is lost, everything is lost'. Our College Common Room A college common room is a place where the students of a college get together and spend their free time by reading books and magazines or by playing indoor games or by gossiping. It is an important part of education. Every school or college belongs to a common room, big or small. A college common room is' one which belongs to a college. Ours is a very old and big college in the district. It has a good reputation throughout the country. There is a big common room for the students in our college campus. It is located on the ground floor of the main building of our college. It is decorated nicely. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. There is a nice arrangement for indoor games in our college common room. In a word, the students of our college enjoy all recreational facilities in the college common room during leisure hours and off periods. The room has chairs, desks and table and other necessary tools for the students. We spend our leisure hours and off periods in the common room by playing indoor games, by reading newspapers and magazine and by watching educational programmes on the TV screen. The female students usually spend their free time by playing indoor games in our college common room. It is a great attraction for us. We always keep it neat and clean. We abide by the rules and discipline of the common room. A lively atmosphere `f) exists in our college common room. No outsider or smoker is allowed here. It is free from all kinds of pollutions. Without a nice common room, the college life becomes dismal and gloomy. It removes the monotony of hard studies of the student. So a college common room is a must for each and even, college. Our College Hostel A college hostel is a place belonging to a college. A college hostel is very common to every college. Generally the students coming from distant places reside (put up) in the college hostel. Ours is an old and big college in the district. There is a big and modern hostel for the students of our college. It is housed near the big college pond. It is a U shaped and three storied modem building. It faces to the south. So it is well-airy and well-lighted. About 200students reside here. Our college hostel has 30 rooms including a big dinning hall and a big common room. There is a nice and big office room for our hostel superintendent. Prof. Mr. Shaheed is the superintendent of our college hostel. He regularly visits it. In the common room there are all sorts of arrangement for recreation and amusement . There is also a set. of TV at one corner in it. So the students who stay here spend their off periods by watching TV, by playing indoor and outdoor games aril by reading newspapers and magazines. Studious students concentrate on their studies without any disturbance in the hostel. Inattentive students get a chance to concentrate themselves on their studies here. Besides, the weak students can get any help and suggestion from the bright ones in the hostel. 'Me lively and disciplined atmosphere exists in our college hostel. All abide by the strict rules and discipline of the hostel. A hostel has a great value to a student. A college hostel teaches a student how to adjust with others in a new circumstance and helps to make better results in the exam. Our College Magazine college magazine is an annual or periodical publication of the students and the teachers of a college. It is an important part of education. Only bookish knowledge cannot meet the thirst of knowledge of a student. A college magazine plays a vital role in widening the kingdom of knowledge of a student. Almost every college publishes a magazine every year. Ours is an old and ideal college in the district. It has a fame for standard education and extra- curricular activities all over the country. Every year our college publishes an important and successful magazine. The title of our college magazine is "The light of life." A magazine committee is formed in a general meeting of the students and the teachers. The principal of our college is the chief patron of the magazine committee of our college magazine. A senior professor of our college becomes the adviser of the committee. Four members are selected from the senior students of our college. The four members of the committee. assist them for editing and proof-reading and other needful jobs of the magazine. Both the students and the teachers write the necessary articles both in Bangla and English in our college magazine. Our college magazine contains short stories, short essays, poems, riddles, general knowledge etc. The magazine also contains the valuable speeches and messages of the principal and the teachers of our college. All the members of the committee perform their respective duties honestly to publish a magazine in time. A magazine has a great educative value. Both the teachers and the students get scope to show their creative power, thoughts and views through the college magazine. The magazine inspires the students and the teachers to form the habit of reading, writing and buying magazines regularly. Our College Library A library is a room or a building having/ containing a large number of books on different branches of different poets, writers and scholars. A college library is a. library belonging to a college. A library is an important part of education. A school or college can not run well without a library. So every college has a library. Ours is a big and old college in the Upazila. There is a rich library in our college. It is on the ground floor of our college building. It is south facing. So it is well airy and well lighted. It is nicely decorated (TAM). There are 5 thousand books on history, religion, culture, sports and games, computer, science, agriculture and English grammar etc. in our college library. The books are well arranged in selves and in almirahs. The librarian of our college library is very experienced and expert. He is very friendly, helpful, co-operative, dutiful and honest. He always helps us in reading books in library. There is a big reading room in the library. The students can read books in the reading room during off periods. We can borrow books by showing library cards. No outsider is allowed to read books here. It remains open ((*M VM) from I am to 5 pm. We are proud of our college library. We always keep it neat and clean. In fine, it can be said that a college library plays a vital role in making goad results. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A CULTURAL FUNCTION I HAVE ATTENDED A cultural function is the practical and useful performance relevant to our culture. It gives us joy and helps us to improve our culture. Of many cultural functions I have attended in recent years, I remember the one that took place at our school auditorium in observance of ‘Pahela Baishakh’. The function was arranged by our school authority. Some girls wearing white sari with red corner inaugurated the programme by singing a very melodious song. After that our honourable teacher, Mr. Hasan very beautifully narrated the primitive history of Bangla year. Then started the reciting competition composed by the young poets and based on ‘Pahela Baishakh’. Mr. Nasiruddin, the Headmaster of our school discussed on the importance of ‘Pahela Baishaka’ in the national life of Bangladesh. The second part of the programme was arranged by different songs composed by the established poets and lyricists. The full audience made the pin-drop silence as some famous new and old singers were performing with superb melody. The third phase of the programme started with the declaring our deep and inborn relationship with ‘Pahela Baishakh’. At the end some tasty food were distributed among all the guests. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. Computer Computer is the latest miracle of modern science. It has become a part and parcel of modern age. An American scientist named Howard Aiken invented the computer in 1944. Now its use is world-wide. It has revolutionised modern life and civilization. Its use covers every aspect of life. It has almost become a substitute for man. Nowadays, a computer is used in various ways. It is being used in schools, colleges, banks, hospitals, offices, airports, shops, factories, laboratories and almost everywhere. It is the most sophisticated electronic brain 'doing all sorts of difficult calculations, keeping records and storing data for us'. It is used in "adding up columns of figure or flying an airplane on a fixed beam". In the field of medical examination it has simply done wonders. It is also used in weather forecasting. It solves the unemployment problem to a large extent in our country. It has quickened and simplified the process, which no human brain can do. It has thus saved time and labour. In a word, we can say that it has made our life easier in this universe. THE CELEBRATION A Celebration Party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. But recovery or illness is sometimes celebrated if there are many efforts after this recovery. As we go through our text book, Mrs. Murshed’s recovery of illness caused by an accident was celebrated in a usual manner. After her recovery she came back her home and decided to arrange a celebration party. On a school holiday she invited all those young boys and girls who helped her to get cured. She not only invited the young teenagers but also their parents. On the celebration day, everybody was present in her house at scheduled time. At first she delivered a short speech to the guests. She thanked them all for their kind co-operation in her recovery. She also thanked them for their participation in celebration. Then she welcomed all to enjoy the feast. After the feast they enjoyed gossip, story-telling. All these things made the celebration party mirthful and enjoyable. Thus a celebration party can be arranged and enjoyed in friendly atmosphere. THE CELEBRATION OF BANGLA NEW YEAR Different cultures have different occasions. Various cultures all over the world celebrate various events at different times of the year. These range from small 'family occasions like births, marriages and deaths to weeklong festivals involving thousands of people. Baishakh is the first month of the Bangla year. So, people in Bangladesh are accustomed to celebrating the Bangla New Year. The newyear is celebrated traditionally and some people think superstitiously that if they pass the beginning of the year happily, the whole year will go fine. However, people in rural and urban areas don't observe the occasion in the same way. In the rural areas, people make sweets and pithas, wear. new dresses and arrange feasts. In important areas. fair is held. In these fairs, people buy and sell their hand-made articles which include earthen pots, dolls and different toys. Children like to buy sweets and light foods. In some places cultural functions are arranged. In urban areas, the celebration differs but not much. In cities people come out of their houses early in the morning. Men wear punjabi-pajamas and women wear yellow and white sarees. People gather at a place where cultural activities are arranged. These cultural activities include dancing and singing. Rallies, procession and fairs arc also held. People like to eat 'pants bhat' and hilsa fish which can be bought at fairs. People feel joyous and happy as they celebrate the new year. Corruption Bangladesh is beset/ troubled with various frightful problems. Corruption is one of the most major problems in our country. Corruption means illegal and dishonest activities of the high authority of different sectors. Now-a-days corruption has become a very common word to each and every authority of every sector. Our some brute politicians and some police men are also greatly liable for corruption. Now it is a very common practice to the politicians, to the officers and to the clerk. During the last three times Bangladesh has been identified as the most corrupted land in the world. There are many reasons of corruption in Bangladesh. Greed and dishonesty are the main causes of corruption. Unpatriotism and bad moral character are also the another prime causes of corruption. The effect of corruption is very alarming and panic. It has already sucked up the life of our national economy and broken down the back bone of our development. Our development plans, efforts and programmes have been destroyed tremendously. As a result, various crimes, offences, sinful acts and lawlessness have increased in ever fields s and sectors. Our productive sectors and agriculture are almost dead. Extreme poverty and price hike are going on in our country. Owing to the corrupted people must be punished and controlled with an iron hand in order to reach our desired goal. All conscious people along with government must come forward to prevent and root out corruption from the country. It is a happy news that our present government have already adopted and started campaign to stamp out corruption from the country. If we fail to wipe out corruption, our 'freedom will be meaningless. CRISIS IN THE CITIES ‘God made the country and man made the town’. Therefore town is a product of man. Town life has some distinct characteristics. The people living in the cities suffer from different types of crisis in the cities. It is very costly to live in the city. People in cities find life very busy and routined. They can hardly ever stand at one place for long. They are continuously entrapped in motion and rush. They must move as must the water of the river. Everyone tries to have his interests fulfilled. So they are selfish to the backbone. At every step a person meets deceit, fraud and dishonesty in the city. People have little or no sympathy for one another. The city grows in a small area with a large population. The houses here are congested. Light and air cannot enter into it freely. Here life is threatened by severe environmental pollutions caused by dust, smoke, buzz, smell of carbon mono-oxide, continuous obnoxious sounds of motor vehicles and factories, filths and hardened touch of bricks tiles and pavements. Cars, buses, taxies, lorries, scooters and rickshaws ply along the streets from morning to midnight. There are street accidents, traffic jams. All these tell upon the nerves of the people living in the town. My Daily Routine Without maintaining a daily routine our life can not be successful and fruitful . A daily routine is a must to everyone to make a decent life. So, everyone should maintain a daily routine. A daily routine/ life denotes ("M) the dally activities of our life. I am a student of class xi. I maintain/ follow a daily routine properly. I get up from bed before sunrise. I wash my face and hands and say my morning prayers at mosque in time. Then I walk in the open field for half an hour. Then I have my breakfast go to my reading room and learn my lessons for two hours. Next, I take bath and my meal. I start for college at 9 ann. Our Language Day has been recognized as the International Mother Language Day on the 30th General Assembly of the USNESCO on November 17 in 1999. Different organizations and institutions chalk out different programmes on the day to pay proper homage to our language martyrs. On the day thousands of people of all ages and classes assemble at the Central Shaheed Minar on bare footed to show respect and love to the language martyrs. February 21 reminds that these who died for mother tongue are always alive in the hearts of the country men. DAILY ROUTINE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. D Deforestation: An unwise act leading to disasters Deforestation means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of deforestation are many. Bangladesh is one of the most densely-populated countries in the world. Her population is much more in proportion to its area. This huge number of population needs more food, shelter, agricultural land, fuel, furniture, medicine etc. People cut trees for various purposes. Most of the villagers cut down trees to use them as fuel. Some of them use trees as wood, wooden furniture and some sell trees for getting quick profit. There are some dishonest people who cut trees in the forests to make money. The effects of deforestation are too many to describe. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existence of wildlife is going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts as a result of deforestation. The removal of trees causes birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Aftermaths, the soil gets sediment in the riverbed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random, one day the country may turn into a great desert. All living animals and birds will not find any food or shelter to live in. That’s why they will be destroyed. There will be no rain and as a result our agriculture will face a great crisis. The temperature will rise and it will cause green house effect. The country will be unsuitable for living and various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm, earthquake etc. will visit our coun try. Immediate measures should be taken to prevent deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through mass media. And tree plantation programme should be extended throughout the country so that we can make our country evergreen, fruitful and prosperous. CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION Tree is one of the most mentionable gifts of nature. In many ways it is very useful to us. Trees produce oxygen which is the vital ingredient for life. Besides, we need them for many more reasons. Trees make the land fertile. They save the land from erosion. They provide us with wood and other products. They give us shade and they help to prevent droughts and floods. They cause rain. They save our houses from cyclone and tidal bore. They also provide us different types of crops and nutritious fruits which are full of food values. Above all, trees make a balance in the environment. So life cannot be imagined without trees or forest. On the other hand, we know ‘deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. A very few people care to plant new trees. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. They use it as fuel. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. If there are no trees, there will be little or no rainfall. Then there will be a great change in the whole atmosphere. As a result the whole country may turn into a desert. So, Rabindranath, the great poet rightly said, “Give back the forest, take your town.” Hence we have to realize the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where a land remains unused. Diaspora The term diaspora is used to refer to the movement of people who have left their ancestralhomelands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. Its origin is traced in thousands years back. In the Bible there is reference of diaspora. In the history of human civilization, we find a number of events of it. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only in recent decades. They have distinguished between different kinds of exoduses based on its causes such as imperialism, trade or labour migrations or by the kind of social coherence. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. Their ancestor Abraham was forced to leave Iraq and took shelter in Egypt. Then his offspring Jews were forced to leave Egypt and settled themselves in Palestine. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian sub-continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. It usually breaks out after the visitation of floods and in scorching summer season. People who do not maintain the cleanliness are often attacked by diarrhoea. Every year many people including children are attacked by diarrhoea in our country. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. In some areas people live in congested houses and drink contaminated water. Such people are often attacked with diarrhoea. The patients feel weak and vomit every now and then and emptying of bowels are frequent. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. DEFORESTATION ‘Deforestation’ means removing trees or forest from one place. This is the problem haunting the whole world. According to the ecologists, for liveable environment there should be forest on the 25% land of the total land area. In Bangladesh there is 16% forest of the total land. To meet up the basic needs of food and housing, man is destroying forest without caring for the ecological imbalance. Our country is now at a deficit in necessary timber. One of the main reasons is that people in rural areas indiscriminately cut trees for getting firewood. But our people are simply careless for planting new trees in the place of the old one. Green patches of land are no more green. New areas of the world are getting deserts as an immediate effect of deforestation. The removal of trees causes the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as trees give protection to soil as well. Moreover, the soil gets sediment in the river bed and causes frequent floods. In absence of trees carbon-di-oxide is increasing worldwide. As a result, there is global warming. The sea level is rising. Any time in future the earth may be engulfed by seas. Hence we have to realise the bad effect of deforestation and plant more and more trees in the roads and highways, in the houses and there where land remains unused. The Curse of Deforestation Deforestation denotes the indiscriminate cutting down of trees and the burning down of forests. Today it is a global problem too. It is getting very acute form all over the world day by day. Everyday huge fire wood is used as fuel in brickfields and for cooking food. Besides, a lot of wood is used for making furniture, houses, boats, ships, shops and many other purposes. Illiteracy is the root cause of defore8tation. Population explosion and acute poverty are the major reasons of deforestation in our country. Public unawareness is the another principal reason of this unwise act. As a result of deforestation, carbon-di-oxide is increasing in the air rapidly. It causes global warming. It hampers ecological balance. It brings about various natural disasters .It affects our agriculture drastically. It also causes acute river-erosion which engulfs huge cultivable land, many houses, roads. culverts, schools and colleges etc. every year. Deforestation endangers the wild life and our decent life on earth. As a result of deforestation, the sea-level is increasing at an alarming rate. Random destruction of trees and forest must be stopped by enacting new and strict law and by creating social awareness and by removing illiteracy from the society. Population problem must be controlled and early marriage must be banned. The widespread use of wood must be stopped and the danger of deforestation should be telecast widely through mass media. Tree plantation programme must be made successful to subdue deforestation. Drug addiction Drug addiction refers to such state of not being able to stop taking illegal harmful substances like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyl etc that people take through smoking, inhaling or injection. It being a brain disease leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain . It can lead to a range of both short-term and long-term mental and physical health problems. Unemployment problem, environmental factors, political unrest, family feud, lack of love and affection lead a man to frustration which is the main cause of drug addiction. It destroys us morally, physically and financially. Dependence on drugs can create a number of dangerous and damaging complications. People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles. Young people involved in crimes to get money for taking drugs. Behavioral changes may cause marital or family conflict and custody issues. It can also cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment. The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. Drug-addicts must be treated with love and kindness. A strong, stable bond between you and your child will reduce your child’s risk of using or misusing drugs.The society should take strong measures to control the dishonest businessmen and drug-traffickers. The highest punishment of dealing in or smuggling drugs is death in Bangladesh. There are laws of drug-control all over the world, yet drug-addiction is increasing gradually. What is needed an anti-drugs consciousness among the youth of the different countries. Dowry System: A heinous social curse The most heinous system prevalent in our country is the dowry system. We often read in newspapers that wives especially newly married girls are tortured by their husbands in all possible ways. It is, therefore, regarded as a social evil and has become pressing problem to be solved. To eradicate this social evil, we must find the loophole and one should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. As it is a social evil, we are to tackle it socially. Society must be free from the idea of disparity and false feudal values, which do not recognise woman as the equal partner of man. Social and public boycotts are two of the main weapons that may be used. Additionally, strong legal measures should be taken against the erring parents who are indulging in this practice. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. Very often we move from one seminar to another, but there is no co-ordination between our words and our actions. We are not evaluating our movements, nor monitoring actions. While on one hand the dowry-related crimes continue to increase, on the other hand the programmes aimed at stopping dowry also continue to flourish. Of course, we should not belittle the struggle that has been continuing against dowry. As the problem of dowry springs from a male-dominated, poor and backward society, the movement against this issue must include socio-economic, cultural, political forces and women’s organisations. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The over-extravagant expenses for weddings and marriage-related functions must be curtailed as the bridegrooms often take dowry so as to meet these costs. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Dowry System Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband when they get married. Nowadays the system of giving and taking dowry in marriage is more prevalent in Bangladesh. To eradicate this social evil, we should remain satisfied with mere laws and by-laws or enactment of some rules. Total change in the outlook of the society is the crying need at this moment. Young men and women must come forward to put an end to this disgraceful system. The political parties and government must match word with action. General inequality is a major cause of dowry. Improving women’s position in society would be an effective measure against dowry. The girl’s guardians must also be conscious about the issue. A girl should be brought up to be self-dependent. There is a tendency for the girl and the girl’s family to simply tolerate the oppression because of risk the marriage’s breaking up. The families must resort to legal action rather than encourage the girl to bear the oppression due to social shame and honour. Educated girls are also asked for dowry, but the poor illiterate girls have no alternative if abandoned by their husbands for dowry. Unfortunately in the rural areas, the daughters of poor farmers often study and work in order to earn enough money to pay dowry. The activists of all spheres against dowry must keep these factors in mind to eradicate dowry effectively. Digital Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT based society where information will be available on line. Here all the possible tasks of government or semi-government will be performed using digital technology. The motto of digital Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education etc. The benefits of digital Bangladesh are many. If we can establish a digital Bangladesh, corruption will be reduced radically. It will make people think globally and connect them with the whole world economically, socially, politically, academically and even culturally. It will improve our banking and financial activities. Agriculture, health, education, commerce – all these sections will be highly benefited by making Bangladesh a digital one. To make our country digital first of all, uninterrupted power supply has to be ensured and we have to develop computer network skill and ensure equitable access. Finally, our education should be computer based and in primary and secondary schools students should get easy access to the computer. Some products like software and TV programmes are also amenable to digital transmission. We will be able to buy and sell goods through the electronic screen if we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Undoubtedly, encouraging development towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be possible. The ambitious dream for a Digital Bangladesh will remain a dream if the government can not equip the people with the technology needed for establishing the digital era. Duties of a Student Or, Students and Social Service Students are the greatest force as well as the future leaders of a Country. They can build or destroy a nation. The primary duty of students is to acquire knowledge and to make themselves worthy citizens. It is needless to say that they get much time for merry making, playing, amusements, touring etc. apart from their routine life of study.Then they should pay attention to the welfare of the society. Students have no worries about earning their livelihood. They have strength and capacity. Students should go to the villages and serve the villagers during vacation. They can make the illiterate masses aware of their rights and duties. Hence the students can guide the people of digging canals or constructing educational institutions. Sympathy and fellow feeling should be imparted the students to do some noble works for the people. Students can co-operate with people on matters of public interest such as education, sanitation, trade and commerce. Students can participate in cleaning drains, ponds during the leisure hours. They can help people during natural calamities such as earth quake, flood, drought, cyclone by collecting funds from different sources. Students have a spirit to work but the guardians and, teacher should guide them in the right way. Student must be the servants of humanity. The aim of all true education is to teach a man how to live and lot others live. A student can learn this though social service. He gains experience, courage and confidence. Thus social service makes him fit for the greater world. DENGUE FEVER Dengue fever is a disease of Aedes mosquito-borne infection. Aedes mosquito bites during day and transmits dengue virus. It breeds in clean stagnant water both indoor and outdoor. If a person is infected, its symptoms become apparent in four to six days. Dengue virus originating from Africa, is now endemic in most tropical countries of Asia. According to the information of medical science at first dengue fever was experienced at Philadelphia in 1780. Death due to infection of dengue fever occurred in Australia in 1837. Dengue fever has broken out in Bangladesh in recent years. There are two types of dengue fever. They are classical dengue fever and Dengue Haemmorrhagic fever is fatal and it causes death with bleeding. There are four serotypes of dengue virus, such as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. DEN-2 and DEN-3 are more serious. Dengue mosquito is about 5 millimetres in size with stripe on the body and legs and can fly up to about 50 metres at a time. It breeds in small pots, jars, drums and discarded plastic containers and tyres. It lives on blood and it Aedes female mosquitoes cannot breed without blood. There is no antidote of dengue virus. So we should take immediate action to prevent this disease. DRUG ADDICTION Drug addiction is a social problem. But it is no longer a social problem of specific society, it has become a global issue. The number of drug addicts has increased all over the world. Especially, in the under-developed countries the picture is very alarming. Many young people have become addicted to drugs in our country. Reasons for this addiction are many. Of them political interest, unemployment, lack of family ties are some of the main reasons which make them addicted to drugs. Out of complete frustration they become drug addicts. Drug traffickers also play a major role to instigate the young generation to this fatal habit. Once anybody takes to this habit he can hardly give it up. Many young people who suddenly become drug addicts find difficult times to buy the costly drugs marketed by the organized drug dealers. When their financial sources to buy drugs become exhausted, they commit many social crimes. Their crimes include looting, hijacking, killing, robbery and abduction. Drug addicts also become a burden for the society. They never enjoy sound health and become crippled, in most cases die, very shortly. Drugs have serious bad impacts on the human mind and body. It is a serious national issue of utmost importance. The government, the police, the local civil administration, the political parties, the parents and the common people must respond to the issue with concerted efforts to stop this fatal practice among the young generation of the country. The Curse of Drug Addiction Or, Drug Addiction Drug addiction means strong attraction for taking harmful drugs such as wine, opium, morphine and heroine etc. It is the most injurious habit of a man's life. It is a curse to human civilization Today it has become the global problem too. When a person once starts taking drugs, he cannot stop taking it. It is an alarming news that many students in our society have already addict to drug-addiction. Bad association is one of the prime causes of this henious habit. Unemployment problem, restless politics and lack of family ties are liable for this dangerous habit. Some people take drugs to forget their past painful and sorrowful memories, some for amusement and some as a fashion. In order to collect money, the addicts commit various social crimes and sinful acts such as hijacking, smuggling, stealing, snatching, looting, killing etc. An addict always feels drowsy (sleepy) and suffers from severe headache. He totally loses his dignity in the society. He also loses the love and affection of his near and dear ones. Various natal diseases engulf him. He suffers from physical weakness, s, high blood pressure and many other fatal diseases. His kidneys and livers also get damaged seriously. This dangerous habit leads an addict to death. It is high time we started a strong campaign against drug addiction to save our young society as well as the nation. Illiteracy and ignorance must be driven away from the society. Social awareness can play a vital role in eradicating drug addiction. If we fail to stamp out this terrific habit, our all development plans and efforts will be fruitless and meaningless. EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. Early Rising Early rising is one of the good habits of a man's life. The habit of getting up from bed early at morning is known as early rising. This good habit plays an important role in making a life successful, comfortable, fruitful and happy. Regarding this good habit there is a wise English saying. "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." In fact, it is a true proverb. Fresh air and pure oxygen are very essential to sound a health and long life. It is the only early riser who can enjoy fresh air and pure oxygen in the morning. The fresh and cool air refreshes both our mind and body. An early riser gets enough time to finish his works properly in time. He never puts off his today's work for tomorrow. The student who rises early in the morning can learn more and can make a better result in the exam. On the other hand a late riser can earn poor and leads a poor and sorrowful life. He is deprived of the facilities and pleasure of life. He is deprived of enjoying the real beauty of nature. But an early riser leads a happier, healthier and longer life. I am an early riser. So I am healthy and always make a better result in the exam. Early rising is a great source of health, wealth and wise. This good habit should be formed .1t from the very childhood in order to lead a decent life. Early Rising Early rising means getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a good habit which greatly helps our mental and physical development. An early riser can take the fresh morning breeze and enjoy the beauties of nature. To walk or to take physical exercise in the open air is good for health. It makes us active, strong and energetic. If a man gets up in the early hours of the morning, he can begin his day's work early. An early riser gets enough time to perform his duty and does not suffer in future for want of time. Generally we remain undisturbed by noises of the ordinary world in the morning. As a result, we can concentrate ire our work. A student who rises early in the morning can learn and remember his lesson better than those who get up late. A late riser can not enjoy the blessings of the morning. Sometimes he performs his duties hurriedly and thus he can not do his work according to schedule. He suffers from ill health and temperament. Therefore, the habit of early rising should be formed from early stage of life. In a word, early rising makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS Duty towards parents is a great virtue. Indeed parents are second to none in this world except God. They are the only source of our lives on earth. Parents are our best friends and well-wishers on earth. When we were born first, we were quite helpless. They tenderly brought us up and looked after us during our infancy. So to speak, there is none to love us more like them. We have many duties to be done for our parents. As parents sacrifice everything for our happiness, it is our bounden duty to serve them and look after them in all possible ways. Particularly we should look after them when they become old, helpless as we were in our childhood. We should supply their needs properly. When they become weak, sick and infirm in old age, we should look after and nurse them with tenderness and care. We should fulfill all their wishes. We should not do anything that may hurt their feelings. A son who is not obedient to his parents can never prosper in life. On the contrary, obedience and performing duties to parents bring happiness, pleasure and satisfaction in life. In short, duty to parent is endless. So, every son every son and daughter should serve parents by obeying their orders, their advice and by looking after them with due care and heartfelt love. DUTY TOWARDS ELDERLY PERSONS A common saying goes that childhood is a dream, youth a blunder and old age a regret. Many of the old, aged, elderly persons continue to be battered, strangled to death, rendered homeless and forced to live the last few years of their life in loneliness and despair. Elderly persons are the people of greater age, experience and authority. They were the strength of our civilisation. In every locality there are lots of elderly persons. We can take many effective measures for them. We can extend helping hand to elders. We can raise a fund for the welfare of the older persons. By this fund we can establish an older persons’ inn. All the helpless older people of the locality will be able to stay there free of living cost, medical treatment cost etc. With the help of the wealthy section of society we can provide them all kinds of human rights for their recreation and reminiscence. We can arrange gathering for them. Whenever they are in any kind of trouble we can come forth to help them. We can let them know the current information of the world. We can include them in our working opportunity. Social awareness can be raised for the welfare of the elderly persons. We must be kind to them. We must treat them as they treated us when we were helpless babies creeping upon the earth. In a word, the elderly persons should not be neglected anyway. Dengue Dengue is one of the commonest mosquito-borne viral diseases in human.It causes 50-100 million infections every year in tropical countries of Asia, South America and Africa. It is caused by dengue virus, which is transmitted by the daytime-biting of an infected Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue mosquito lives in cool, dark places and around homes, schools and other areas in towns and villages. The female mosquito lays her eggs in clean, stagnant, exposed collection of water like barrels, drums, pots, flower vases, plant saucers, tanks, discarded bottles/ tins, tyres etc. and a lot more places where rainwater collects. The first symptoms of the disease occur about 5-7 days after the infected bite. Symptoms of dengue include fever, headache, severe backache, flushing of the face. If anyone suspects dengue, he should consult with a physician. In a fraction of people bleeding from nose, gum, skin occurs, they can also develop shock. Those patients need hospitalisation for intensive care. To prevent dengue, people should be advised to use mosquito coils, sprays and other mosquito repeliants during the daytime. Babies, old people and others who may rest during the day should use mosquito nets. Curtains can also be treated with a suitable insecticide and hung at windows or doorways to kill or repel mosquitoes. Since mosquitoes which spread dengue breed in stagnant water, all water containers should be kept covered at all times. Discarded containers in which water collects e.g. bottles, cans, bags, tyres etc. should be destroyed. Water from air coolers, tanks, drums, buckets etc. should be drained out. Control measures should be taken by the city corporation along with NGO's & citizen to eliminate adult mosquitoes and eradicate their breeding sites. Dengue Fever: A disease due to unhygienic environment Dengue fever has become the ‘talk of the country’ of Bangladesh at present. It has spread throughout whole Bangladesh in an epidemic form. It is a virus fever. There are four different antigenic varieties of dengue viruses and all are transmitted by the daytime biting of adies aegypty mosquito. They are DEN-1, 2, 3 & 4 serotypes. From these viruses, two forms of dengue are recognised. One of them is classical dengue fever and the other is dengue haemorrhagic fever. Classical dengue fever is characterised by the abrupt onset of fever, malaise, headache, facial flushing, troubles pain. This pain is worse on eye movements, conjunctival suffusion and some backache that is a prominent symptom. Lymphadenopathy, petichae on the soft palate and skin rashes may also occur. This classical dengue fever is recovered by seven days. The patient of classical dengue fever should drink adequate water, take complete rest, drink a lot of liquid food, wash whole body with wet-cloth and finally should take the tablets of paracitamol group to decrease the fever. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is very severe. It is believed to be the result of two or more sequential infections with different dengue serotypes. If the symptoms of dengue haemorrhagic fever of a patient are found, we should take him to the hospital and consult with a doctor immediately. We have to wash the patient’s body again and again with a wet-cloth to mitigate fever. At the extreme case, it may be bleeding. The patient may be given paracitamol but never should be given aspirin group. It is a disease of children and has been found in South Asia and Africa. Adies lays its eggs on standing or stagnant water in the holes of trees, plastic bottles, plastic cans, tin-pots, tyres, green coconut plates, polythene bags etc. All of us should be conscious about the eradication of adies mosquitoes and should take necessary steps for that. Besides, government should highlight it through different media and should take essential measures to protect dengue fever. DEBATING Debating is a part of education. It is not only interesting and amusing but also has an educative value in sharpening people’s wits and brightening their intelligence. The students of the reputed school form a society for the purpose of carrying on debates on various subjects. It is known as debating society. In a debate a particular subject is chosen first. The persons of a debating society divide themselves into two groups. One group supports in favour of the subject and another opposes the subject. Both sides try to charm the house by their arguments. The discussion brings out the merits and demerits and ascertains through argument whether it is acceptable or not. At the end, the President clearly explains for and against the subject and closes the debates. Debating develops the power of thinking and expressions of the students. Through this, students get practical training to cultivate reasoning power and the power of thinking. Debating develops a student’s power of speech. It helps pupils to speak logically and relevantly. Debating widens the domain of knowledge. Above all, debating itself is a good education. DANGER OF SMOKING Smoking is a very dangerous habit. People addicted to smoking often suffer from heart attack, chronic bronchitis and some other fatal diseases including cancer. One puff of cigarette smoke contains fifteen billion particles of injurious matters. Nicotine is one of them. Nicotine is so bad that it obstructs the flow of blood through the veins. This reduces the supply of oxygen in the body. It causes the rise of blood pressure and increases the heart beat thereby. Secondly, tobacco tar inside the lungs slow down the action of the cilia and at last destroys them. But cilium is important for sweeping out the germs, mucuses and dirt from the lungs. Thirdly, the presence of carbon mono-oxide in the tobacco smoke drives out the oxygen from the blood and it is equally bad for health. It also harms the nerves, damages the brain and sometimes spoils character. People addicted to smoking lose their appetite for food and energy for power. Smoking can cause irritation in the eye, offend the nose and unsettle the mind. Besides, it also pollutes the environment and air. Smoking is so dangerous that the stench of cigarette is repulsive to a non-smoker. Moreover, it wastes a lot of money. So, smoking needs to be given up and it can be done with a bit of determination. DOWRY SYSTEM Dowry is a social curse that has centered into every comer of our country. Dowry system refers to the system or custom in some societies in which a wife or her family must pay money or property or the both to her husband when they get married. The money or the property given is known as dowry. This abominable system is very disgraceful for any woman of self-respect. Women are the victims of his heinous system. The whole family of the bride is to suffer because the parents or brothers of the bride are to arrange the money to give the bridegroom or to his family. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors are responsible for this detestable system. In some societies it is established as a social norm and they have accepted it normally. A poor husband wants to get a sum of money from his in-laws to start a business or to spend. In some societies it has been a culture to give and take dowry. But Islam does not support taking or giving dowry. The Hindu law withdraws the right of a woman's paternal property when she gets married. For this reason she along with her husband does not hesitate to take dowry. Due to this system the father's family of a bride often gets bankrupt. Dowry system also demeans women. A social awareness against dowry system is a must to stop this evil practice. The conscious and respected people should come forward to stop it. We should even adopt a law against this system. The Curse of Dowry Dowry is the most inhuman and alarming custom in our society. It is a social curse . But this evil social custom was more severe in the early age. A wife or her family is forced to pay money or jewellery or furniture to her husband when they get married. The money or property given is known as dowry. A poor family in our society having a maiden (unmarried girl) faces a severe problem owing to this evil custom. The poor parents can't arrange a marriage ceremony of their unmarried daughters due to dowry. Today this heinous custom is very common in our society. The poor and the illiterate girls are the worst victims of this vicious and heinous custom. Almost everyday the grim picture of this brutal sight is seen on TV screen or in newspapers. Gender discrimination is the root cause of it. Illiteracy and ignorance is another root cause of dowry. Extreme poverty and social unawareness are also great causes of this evil custom. Social superstition is another reason of it. The poor parents have to suffer much to meet up the illegal demand. This evil practice harms the dignity of the women society. It hampers severely peace and order in the society. It commits various crimes and sinful acts in the society. Owing to dowry system many parents have already become helpless and landless. In order to get rid of this evil custom social awareness must be raised. Illiteracy, ignorance and social superstition must be removed from the society. True female education should be ensured and new and strict law must be enacted and enforced against this brute custom. DRUG ADDICTION Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken by some people for stimulating effect. This habit of taking harmfuldrugs is called drug addiction. Heroine, opium, morphin, cocaine, phensidyl etc are some of the drugs. The person who once starts taking drugs cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind people's getting addicted to the detrimental drugs. Some people take drugs to forget their painful past or memories. Some people take drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. There is also another type of people who at first take drugs as a fun but it turns into an addiction later on. The aftermaths of drug addiction is very dire and despicable. The health of the addicts breaks down. The addicts lose their mental power and courage. He feels drowsy and loses appetite. They lose their social status and the love of their near and dear ones as well. Various kinds of diseases grasp them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia, nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and from many other lethal diseases. Their kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drug addiction is not only a national problem but also a global problem. So, it should be stopped by any means. I can save myself from it by self-consciousness, by keeping myself aloof from bad companies and by being strict. minded against it. THE LIFE OF A DAY LABOURER A day labourer is he who has no land of his own and thus earns his bread by the sweat of the brow. He may work as a sweeper, a mason, a carpenter, a goldsmith, a peasant and an earth digger. His service is essential for the country. He produces crops by his hard labour. He cleans dirty places and makes them habitable. He builds houses, skyscrapers. He sets railway lines and builds highways. He works in the dockyard. He helps making launches, steamers and barges. He carries heavy loads of earth and digs canals. It is he who also works in ports. He works in mines. Drilling in gas-fields is made possible by his labour. In this way he performs many kinds of works to earn his livelihood. A day labourer is very poor. He can hardly make his both ends meet. He has no fixed income. He gets wages if he can hardly buy clothes or fancy things. He lives in slums. In some cases, he is found passing his time in gambling and drinking. He does not think of the future. So, he leads a hard and miserable life. We should find out ways and means to raise his position. E Environmental Pollution: A cause of health-hazard Nature, air, water, land and all other things around us in which we live are called environment. Any unexpected and abnormal change in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called the environmental pollution. Now our environment is getting polluted every moment in many ways. In major cities and towns motor vehicles, mills and factories are creating fume and smoke and they pollute air. Man makes fires to cook food, to make bricks, to melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke and pollute the air. Railway engines and powerhouses create smoke by burning coal and oil and this smoke pollutes the air. Water, another vital element of the environment like air, is also polluted in many ways. Man pollutes water by throwing waste into it. Chemicals, fertilisers and insecticides get mixed with water in rivers, canals and ponds, and thus pollute water. Mills and factories also throw their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers, canals and seas and water is polluted. Moreover, water vehicles, unsafe drains and unsanitary latrines are also responsible for water pollution. These days many rivers and lakes are getting filthy. Forests and trees are being cut down on a large scale. So, the ecosystem of the environment is now in great danger. The noise of motor vehicles, mills and factories, aeroplanes, domestic appliances, radios, cassette players, CDs, televisions etc pollutes sound and this polluted sound affects our hearing. The government must take effective steps to prevent the pollution. People of all classes should come forward to control this environmental pollution because it is necessary for our own existence. EID FESTIVAL Eid-ul-Fitr is the greatest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. It is celebrated with great joy throughout the Muslim world. All Muslims, especially the young ones, remain eager for Eid as it draws near. The very thought of it fills a Muslim’s heart with exceeding joy. During the month the Muslims fast, pray and make sacrifice. The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting and prayer. As an essential part of Islam, the month-long fasting prohibits all wrong, inhuman and harmful acts. It is a month of self-analysis and self-restraint. A Muslim passes through all the trials and rigours of the month. He is thus purified in heart and disciplined in character. When this month is over and the month of Shawal begins, his joy knows no bounds. Eid-ul-Fitr takes place on the first day of Shawal. On this day the Muslims make charity and give a fixed amount of money to the poor. Eid is also a communion of souls. It is the occasion for thanksgiving to the Almighty Creator. Eid is certainly an occasion for joy by pious Muslims who follow the commandments of Allah during Holy Ramadan. Eid in fact awakens in us the spirit that stimulates us in giving a concrete shape to our worldly and spiritual life. The common scene on Eid day is exchanging greetings after prayers, visiting family members, friends and neighbours. Thus Muslims resume their normal life after Ramadan. They become enriched and better prepared to work according to the dictates of Islam. On this occasion, we should pledge to establish an exploitation-free society on the basis of religious values and that is how we should observe Eid-ul-Fitr. An Eid Day I Celebrated Or, A Religious Festival I Enjoyed The Eid is one of the greatest festivals of the Muslims. The Muslims celebrate two Eid festivals a year. One is called Eid-ul-Fitre and another is Eid-ul-Azha. Eid-ulFitre appears to the Muslims after the month of Ramadan. The other appears/ comes after 70 days. I come of a respectable Muslim family. Every year, our family celebrates Eid-Festivals very nicely. On the last Eid day I got up frombed before sun rise. After washing hands and face I said my morning prayer. I along with my younger sister decorated our house very nicely with coloured papers. flowers, festoons and baloons. Then I took/had my.bath with my neighbouring friends. At morning mother cooked very delicious foods like piais, semai,fimi, birani and many others sweets. I ate them with my heart's content. Then I put on dress. I went to the Eidgah Maidan with my grandfather, father, uncle, elder brother and cousins. After Eid-prayer, I embraced with our villagers. On returning from the Eidgah, I visited our neighbours and relatives. All the members of our family ate a rich food together at noon at home. In the afternoon I enjoyed a friendly football match held on our village playground. At night I enjoyed many interesting programmes on the TV screen. Thus, I celebrated the last Eid Day with great joy. An Eid-Day has a great importance in our life. It awakens love and affection. It also teaches us that there is no difference between high and low in the eye of Allah. Eid-ul-Fitr Eid-ul-Fitr is the biggest religious festival of the Muslims all over the world. I ho Eid marks the end of the month-long fasting of Ramadan. The Muslims curiously wait for this significant day after keeping away from all sorts of wrong, inhuman and harmful activities on this day and the Muslims come closer to one another and exchange their greetings. The pleasure of the children knows no bound. They put on new dresses and visit houses of one another. On this day Muslims get up early in the morning and say their morning prayer. After taking bath they put on new dresses that is Punjabi and pajama and go to Eidgah to say their Eid prayer. After completing the prayer, they embrace each other and exchange greetings saying Eid Mubarak. Then they come back home and salute their elders. They take their foods especially made on that occasion. Wearing new dresses they go out to visit the friends, neighbours and relatives. On this day, we should pledge to establish an exploitation free society on the basis of religious values. Indeed Eid-ul-Fitr is a day of joy and happiness. It teaches us to love to all irrespective to rich and poor. E-mail E-mail is one of the most useful and wonderful inventions of modern science. Modern science has made impossible possible by inventing many useful and wonderful tools and devices. It has brought about the whole world to our grip . E-mail is one of the most useful means of communication in this new era E-mail communication is user to user via a computer. It is easier and cheaper than fax, telephone and telex. Telex is also an electric mail. Telex service is terminal to terminal while E-mail service is user to user via a computer. Privacy is fully maintained in E-mail service. Any messages can be sent from one corner to another of the globe within seconds by using E-mail service. Office-files can be exchanged easily and quickly by using this service. Now trade and commerce greatly depend on this rapid communication service. E-mail system has quickened the activities and transactions of any offices and banks, trade and commerce. Our student society enjoys a lot of advantages by using E-mail service. They can discuss with their teachers sitting at home through E-mail. They can also do library works and get necessary academic information through this useful service by staying at home. It has also quickened the globalization process. Besides, E-mail service saves a lot of papers and times. This service has made our life very easier and happier. Email service should be made more popular in order to make our programmes and plans more successful and fruitful. Earthquake Earthquake is the tremor caused either by volcanic eruptions or by sudden dislocation in the rock structure underneath. That Bangladesh lies in the active earthquake zone is not unknown to Bangladeshis. There are two schools of experts regarding earthquakes. One school comprising of engineers and geologists is of the view that the recurrence of quakes in recent years should be taken as a signal for a major earthquake. Another school comprising of similar categories of experts, however, believes that the concern should not be amplified, because although there arc a number of fault lines in the geographical area comprising Bangladesh, none of them is active enough to pose a major threat. Yet none of the schools rules out the possibility of a major quake and the dangers that might be associated with it. An earthquake causes unaccountable damage, and sometimes heavy destruction of life and property. During an earthquake, it is unsafe to remain inside a multi-storied house. It is better for the inmates of houses to come out in the open at the time of an earthquake. In Japan, an earthquake is a common phenomenon. It takes place frequently than in other countries in the world. In Bangladesh, earthquake is, however, felt from time to time in mild form in different parts of the country. Alarmed by the recurrence of quakes during recent years, experts have called for the development of an earthquake resistant building code that all buildings should follow as mandatory to reduce the losses. E-mail Electronic mail, popularly known as ‘e-mail’, is the communication of textual messages via electronic means. E-mail is delivered to individual electronic mail boxes based in computers. In order to operate an e-mail system we need a personal computer, a modem and a telephone connection. An important advantage of e-mail is its ability to reduce the consumption of paper in the office. Internal memos and reports can be exchanged electronically without using paper. Being a computer-based messaging system, files prepared on computers can be instantly copied and easily exchanged as e-mail. E-mail turns out to be a cheaper alternative to telephone conversation and eliminates the time spent in establishing phone calls. E-mail permits communication between two parties without the parties actually being present simultaneously. Privacy is ensured as the mail is delivered to an individual’s mail box which can be accessed or opened only by the intended recipient. E-mail has brought about a revolution in modem communication. Messages can be transmitted from one country to another within seconds. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten tmes faster than telex. Trade and commerce has become greatly dependent on this speedy mode of communication. It has, however, not reached every one, especially in developing countries like ours, as most people cannot afford to have a personal computer. But even here people have started using commercially operated e-mail facilities for important purposes. Email Electronic mail or simply E-mail is very much popular now-a-days for its speedy transmission of information’s and cost effectiveness. Hence information provided by a sender is delivered asynchronously to a point where it can be retrieved and processed later on by one or more recipients of the sender’s choice. In an E-Mail system, there is a number and the sender keeps on dialing the desired number till he/she is successful. Once it is connected, the PC terminal of the sender sends the message to the PC terminal of the recipient at a very high speed. There is no need of any physical presence of both the sender and the receiver. The sender can enter the message and the receiver can retrieve it whenever he/she is free. The message will remain in PC’s memory. The transmission of messages is usually done through landlines or satellite communications or through marine cables. E-mail has lot of advantages to its credit. It is cost effective. Very less money is required In comparison to other transmission device. It is time saver. Within very short time messages can be sent. There is no need of presence of either the sender or the receiver. Once the message is entered into PC’s it will remain in the receiver PC’s memory. E-mail transmission is very speedy. It is four times faster than FAX and ten times faster than telex. There is the system of using password which each subscriber can choose to use. Hence E-mail gives security of message. Eve–Teasing Bangladesh, a developing country, though holding quite a small area is flooded with uncountable problems. Among these, eve-teasing, recently has become the burning issue for the country because of its adverse effects on women, especially to the teenage girls. Eve teasing has remained a concern since many years. The practice of eve-teasing is a form of sexual assault that ranges in brutality from catcalls, sexually evocative remarks, brushing in public places and very recently teasing by mobile phone and mobile tracking. These teasers wait in front of girls’ schools and colleges and as soon as they cite the girls walk past them they start passing bad comments, dirty jokes, sly whistles, uncivilised laughter, and sometimes reaching the extreme of rude publicity. Due to the rise of eve-teasing in our country, parents and guardians are passing days in great anxiety for the safety of their children. The normal life of girls is being hampered due to its rapid increase. Strict enforcement of laws and motivational campaign can go a long way in reducing the incidence of the social menace. The government of Bangladesh has pursued a number of legal measures, both direct and indirect, to minimise the violence against women and uphold their rights. If we want to get rid of this practice we need to change our attitudes and engrave a self generated respect for women coming from our hearts. Etiquette and Manners We have two-terms to describe our social behavior- ‘etiquette’ and ‘manners’. ‘Etiquette’ is a French word and it means the rules of correct behavior in society. The word ‘manners’ means the behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one’s mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society. We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behavior for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them ad practice them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as ‘pardon me’, ‘excuse me’, ‘may I’ are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant. As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can’t always behave the way you want especially in the presence of others. There are rules of behavior you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behavior on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members. Problems of Higher Education in Bangladesh Higher education refers to education beyond the secondary level especially education provided by a college or university. Accessibility to higher education implies that students get the opportunity to get university education and sufficient support from educational institutions. Increasing enrolment at the secondary and higher secondary level puts pressure on higher educational institutions. There are only handful universities in our country. Due to limited capacity, only a small number of students may be enrolled in universities. Thus, each year a large number of students are denied access to higher education. Also, due to poverty and increase in educational expenses, students of the lower middle class do not get easy access to higher education. Only about 12 percent of graduates enter higher educational institutions. More than 80 percent of these students are admitted to NU affiliated colleges. Others are absorbed by the public and private universities. Most universities cannot offer a wide range of subjects. Library, laboratory, Internet and research facilities are not satisfactory. Seminars, symposiums, lectures, workshops, debates, and exhibitions are hardly held in these institutions and there is not much scope for national and international exposure for promising young knowledge seekers. This problem may be impossible to solve overnight but it can be lessen gradually. The number of universities must be increased in this regard. The poor students should have the accessibility like others. Moreover, the facilities of educational sectors should be increased and upgraded. The govt. should take the responsibility steps to solve the problems. Besides, we all should be aware of this. E – Learning E-learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver text, audio, images, animation, streaming video, audio or video tape, satellite TV, CD or DVD-ROM and computer-based, as well as web-based learning. In e-learning every step such as, registration, admission, classroom entry and exit, class work, attendance, discussion with course mates, feedback, exams and finally certification must take place electronically through computer and the Internet technology in a virtual campus. It is commonly thought that new technologies make a big difference in education. Many people involved in e-learning believe that everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge of technology, as well as use it as a vehicle for reaching educational goals. Various technologies are used to facilitate e-learning. Most of the e-learning uses combinations of many techniques, including blogs, collaborative software, eportfolios, educational websites and virtual classrooms. E-Learning has become an important technique that educational as well as business institutions invest a great deal of money, time and effort in order to make use of it. E-Learning has proven to be the cheapest way to transmit knowledge to the largest number of people regardless of their location and their devices. Most of the existing e-Learning environments present some similarities and most educators need several tools to efficiently make use of e-Learning. In short, e-learning has helped people to learn about anything they want, anytime they want by using modern technologies and thus spreading knowledge all around the world. The necessity of education Education is the process by which we can develop our mind through formal learning at an institution like school, college or university. It is one of the basic needs of human being. It is also essential for any kind of development. The purpose of education is to enlighten the individual and develop one’s capacity to the limit. It helps one to distinguish between right and wrong. It enables us to make the right choices in life and to perform our duties properly. It ennobles our mind and refines our sensibility. In this way education can certainly remove the darkness of ignorance. Besides, education broadens our outlook. It promotes humanity and universal brotherhood. Thus education promotes understanding among people of all climes. Education can be used as catalyst for a change for the better. Education provides us with the knowledge of health, sanitation and population control. It also enhances our ability to raise crops, increase industrial production, store food, protect the environment and carry out our social responsibilities. Thus education contributes enough towards a change for the better and its necessity can more be felt than described. It goes without saying that No Education, No Life! Just like food, water and air, education has become a basic necessity for everyone to survive in today’s world. AN EVENING WALK BY THE RIVERSIDE A walk by the riverside is pleasant to all. It is a source of joy to a fatigued person and an idle one as well. A walk by the riverside is also a popular means to enjoy one’s leisure time. The other day I felt tired and bored with my regular tasks. So, I went for a walk by the riverside to remove the weariness. I could breathe in the open air of the riverside. It refreshed my body and mind. The pleasing sights of the river gave me joy. The ripples of the river water, the sands with green paddy, the green trees and plants standing on both the banks of the river ---- these all satisfied my eyes. The murmuring sound of the river pleased my ears. I was delighted to see the birds of different types flying over the river and its banks. Boats of different sizes with coloured soil were always found playing on the bosom of the river. It became an absolute source of joy. In a word, the bounteous charms of the riverside made me extremely happy. They cast a soothing influence on my body and mind. AN EVENT THAT HAS EVERLASTING IMPRESSION IN MY LIFE An experience that helps restore faith in humanity is something that one loves to remember forever. I have had one such pleasant experience in my life. I was then in Class 10. One day I was returning home after school hours by a rickshaw. At about quarter past four I reached home. My mother noticed that I was without my school bag and asked me about it. I was surprised that I did not notice my empty hand and had forgotten about my bag. Thinking back, I remembered that I was carrying it when I was on the rickshaw. I must have left it there unmindfully. I rushed out, but the rickshaw was gone. I had my textbooks, a few invaluable notebooks and some money in that bag. I was totally perplexed, sad and worried. Next day in the morning, as I was attending my class, the gatekeeper of our school came and informed me that someone was mentioning my name and requesting to see me. I went with him and saw that same rickshaw- puller standing near the gate. Timidly he stepped forward and produced the school bag. He said that he found it on his rickshaw about half an hour after I had left. I was full of joy and offered him a twenty-taka note. He accepted it reluctantly. My joy was due even more to the discovery that such honesty still existed than getting back my bag. I felt convinced that values and honesty still survived and more so, among our poor friends. Indeed the event has an everlasting impression in my life. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are men, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial charge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste cause serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution denotes wonderful alteration among the different elements of the environment which is a great threat to human beings, animals, wildlife and plants on earth. All the elements of the environment are closely related to one another. Pollution occurs in the environment if any element is changed or affected. There are various kinds of pollution like-air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution. All these pollutions are together called environmental, pollution. Smoke and fume are the main culprits for air pollution. Mills, factories, industries, motor vehicles, power-houses, brick-fields and rail engines emit huge black smoke and fume which pollute the air seriously. Deforestation is another root cause of air pollution. Toxic chemical waste industrial products and garbage are the main culprits of water pollution. Water vehicles also pollute water by dumping food waste, human waste and burnt oil into rivers and canals. The widespread use of in the fields seriously pollutes chemical fertilizers and insecticides water. Hydraulic horns of motor vehicles and the loud speakers of cassette players and mikes are the main culprits of sound pollution. Illiteracy, mass unawareness, population explosion and extreme poverty create environmental pollution. Environmental pollution causes various fatal diseases and brings about various natural disasters . It harms food production and causes the extinction of wild animals. It also causes ecological imbalance which endangers (fa9m our life on earth. In order to keep our environment danger free, environmental pollution must be controlled by raising public awareness, by removing illiteracy and poverty and by controlling population explosion. If we fail to check environmental pollution, our existence on earth will become difficult and impossible. ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (Air & Water Pollution) Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. Air is polluted in many ways. Smoke pollutes air; man makes fire to cook food, to make bricks, melts pitch for road construction and burns wood. All these things produce heavy smoke and this smoke pollutes air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Thus air and water polluted and as a result life becomes difficult or impossible. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution means contamination or adulteration of one substance by another inferior one. It is a process by which the ecological balance of our environment is disturbed. There are various kinds of pollution, for example, air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution, etc. Water can be polluted in many ways. We throw waste into water. Oil seeps out from the vessels like launches, steamers, etc. Various insecticides used by the farmers get mixed with water and pollute it. Mills and factories also release their poisonous chemicals and waste products into rivers. Latrines and unsafe drains standing on the river and canal banks are also responsible for further pollution. Air is polluted mainly by smoke. Man makes fires to cook food, make bricks, melt tar for road construction and to do many other things. Fires create smoke by burning coal and oil Mills and factories create a lot of smoke. Buses, trucks and cars emit smoke too. All these kinds of smoke pollute the air. There is a serious impact of air pollution on us. It causes many diseases like cancer, bronchitis, etc. Again the increase of temperature caused by air pollution is a menace to our environment. Sound is polluted by microphones, loudspeakers and vehicles horns, specially the hydraulic horns. Sound pollution causes hearing problem and damages brain and nerves. So we, in association with the government, should take necessary steps to check air, water and sound pollution. Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted everyday for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets everyday and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of trees has also turned unbalanced environment. The ecological balance is being lost as a result of environment pollution. If we all desire to live a healthy and tranquillized life, we should make our environment clean and free from pollution. We should be all whole-heartedly in keeping our environment fit for habitation. EXAM FITNESS/Strategies Exam fitness is a must for any student who tries to do well in the examination. There must be a strategy to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. They should prepare their own notes which will help them to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. Thus exam fitness enables an examinee to perform well in the examination hall, which brings success to a student. Examination Strategies or Examination Fitness (i) What are strategies for the approach to Examination? (ii) What should you do firstly at the examination? (iii) How can you allocate time for answering the question paper at the Examination? (iv) How can you make your answer legible? (v) What should one do for planning to answer each question? Strategy is an appropriate word for the approach to the examination on the day. Examination strategies mean examination skill which we may apply on the examination day. Checking and double checking the examination dates and times are most important for examination strategies. Budgeting time and avoiding allocating elaborate adequate answers are also significant. The strategies also include following instructions and attempting to answer all the questions. It is better to read through the question paper before starting to write. It is very useful to spend at least five minutes per question thinking about and planning answer. It is also useful to underline the key words in the questions. It helps the examinee to conscious what he or she is required to do. To check back half way through writing the answer is good. One should also make answer legible. A good plan about the examination leads a student to success. If one follows the exam tips on the exam day, he/she wins his/her chances of success. So students should be conscious of both subject knowledge and examination strategies to build a bright future. EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN OUR SCHOOL Student life is the prime time of building a man. At this stage we mostly spend time in our school. In our country most of the schools give emphasis only on studies ignoring the impact of extra-curricular activities on a student. For a student, it is not the only aim to be studious. A student must be brought up in a natural, spontaneous way and extra curricular activities play a significant role in this regard. Our school, being a modern one provides us with different facilities of extra-curricular activities. In our school, we have a number of recreational clubs. Among these, debate club, musical club are remarkable. Every week we practise debating among ourselves. Sometimes we arrange debate competition between classes & between schools. The recreational clubs also arrange musical programme, drama etc. Besides we regularly participate in different indoor and outdoor games. In our school there are some other extra-curricular activities clubs, such as B.N.C.C, Girl’s Guide, Bangladesh Red Crescent Society. Most of us join in all these clubs and can learn many other things which we don’t get in our text books. These activities go simultaneously with our regular academic studies. As a results, we do not feel bored in our studies, rather we feel quite enthusiastic in our mind to perform all the activities in a successful and effective way. Indeed, these extra-curricular activities help us immensely to be a complete man. EXPERIENCE OF A NIGHT SAFARI TOUR A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. It is organized as a holiday tour. I also had such an experience. It was a night safari organised as a holiday tour. A safari is a hunting expedition or overland journey. I had the opportunity to visit Dulhazara Safari Park. While visiting, I wanted to see as many places as I could. In the zoo, I saw many nocturnal animals which started moving for hunting at dusk. Using the faint lighting we could watch the animals without disturbing them. In the zoo there were 800 animals from 30 exotic species. Tigers, striped hyenas, golden jackals, blue sheep and the rare grater one-horned rhinoceros were remarkable. The total voyage covered an area of 40 hectares of secondary jungle. Riding a tram, I arrived at the zoo and discovered large grounds. At the end of the journey, I enjoyed a sumptuous buffet dinner in the midst of nature. After dinner I took a leisurely walk and took a closer look at the animals. It was a memorable experience for me to watch tigers and hyenas feasting upon antelopes. Really the journey gave me ample scope to enjoy the beauty of Nature from a closer view. The evening breeze, the setting sun and peace and quietness of the Nature --- all were wonderful experiences to enjoy. After the journey we in the end came back to our starting point. This was really a strange and memorable experience in my life. BENEFITS OF EARLY RISING Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning. It is a very good habit. The habit is beneficial to health. The man who rises early finds time to take some sort of exercise or a walk in the morning air. The morning air refreshes both body and mind. This certainly improves our health and increases our capacity to work. The habit gives us an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of Nature. There is a calm and serene atmosphere everywhere. In the morning all Nature is fresh and beautiful, trees are vocal with the songs of birds, flowers smile everywhere and the din and bustle of the day is absent. Enjoyment of these natural beauties sharpens our feelings and makes us cheerful and healthy. The beautiful gifts and coloured nature in the morning remind everybody of the Almighty. An early riser has many advantages. The habit enables him to begin his day’s work early. He has, therefore plenty of time to do it thoroughly. He gets the start in everything before others, who keep late in bed. He is never in haste. As he has more time to work, he can earn more and thus becomes wealthy. So, the habit of early rising is the source of health. THE ESKIMOS The Eskimos are the people who have traditionally lived in the arctic region. ‘Eskimo’ is a Native American word meaning ‘people who eat raw meat’. The Eskimos call themselves ‘Inuit’ meaning ‘the people’. The Eskimos are the most widely spread group in the world still leading a partly aboriginal way of life. They live in a region that spans more than 3500 miles, including Greenland, the northern fringe of North America, and a part of eastern Siberia. The Eskimos are racially distinct from the American Indians. They are most closely related to the Mongolain people of eastern Asia. The Eskimos successfully adapted themselves to a cold, harsh climate because of their highly inventive skill. Traditionally the Eskimos live in an igloo, wear hooded jackets, pants and water proof boots. Their clothes have basic cuts and are made from skins of birds and animals like the seal, caribou and the polar bear. The clothes are sewn with needles made from boned an animal cord called sinew thread. They hunt with arrows and harpoons, eat food from hunting and travel on sledge, pulled by dogs. But the modern Eskimos live in brick-built modern houses, wear imported clothes made of animal skins, fur and other materials having modern cuts and designs, hunt with guns, eat food available in the supermarkets, use snow-mobile for travelling and go shopping. They would make things from almost anything and everything. The Eskimos spend the winter in crowd in a larger settlement and then dispersed into smaller, family-sized bands during the summer. During the summer they leave the permanent communities and live in animal skin tents at favourite spots for seal hunting fishing and collecting birds, eggs and plants. This is how the Eskimos lead their life. Teacher's Comment: The student achieve 60% marks F Female Education: A great stride towards development Female education is very essential for the overall development of a nation. More or less half of the population of a country is female. Leaving the female uneducated and unemployed, no nation can prosper. That’s why female education has been a crying need of the day. Once women were confined within the four walls of the house and were used to doing only household chores. At that time, they were deprived of the light of education because of the prejudice, unconsciousness, superstition, social backwardness, prejudiced outlook, social barrier, obstacle by the fundamentalists and so on. But now it has changed a lot and women are getting educated gradually. In our country about 7 crore people are women out of 14 crore in total. But most of the women are lagging far behind in education. The rate of female literacy is about 20%. This rate of female literacy i s alarming because without their education, our satisfactory development is impossible. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Give me an educated mother and I will give you an educated nation”. From this line we can easily realise the importance of female education. Women need to be educated for different reasons. To be a conscious citizen of the country, to be an active member of the family and society, to be a good mother or wife and to lead a self-reliant better life, a woman should be educated properly. Besides, educated women have higher income potential than those who have had no schooling. Many people consider women inferior to men. But it is their wrong concept. Except the biological difference, a girl has every capacity to work and to achieve high position in life as a man can. An educated woman is conscious of her duties, rights and responsibilities. So, we should take every necessary step to ensure an environment to educate our female force. Parents ought to be encouraged to send their daughters to school. The govt. and NGO’s should patronise the education for girls in order that they can be educated and can play a vital role in the development of our country. Use and Abuse of Facebook Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. It was created by Mark Zuckerberg in February of 2004. This exclusive site, which is available in 37 different languages, includes public features. Facebook makes it possible to connect people sharing interests and activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they really live in a global village. It is expanding so fast as one can make use of them paying very little. One can make personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like presenting oneself before the entire world. One can also look into other people’s profile simply and easily if one is interested. It allows users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and to update their profiles. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself or herself decides over the number of viewers, and what information should be shared with others. He can block specific connections or keep all his communications private. But this great blessing of modern science has some demerits too. Many young boys and girls become addicted to it and give more time on it than studies. Few senseless people post nude pictures which influence the tender mind of youngsters. A long term bad effects can be seen in those adolescents. Besides, many girls and ladies committed suicide because their enemy posted their privet photos or videos. Despite these few bad sites of Facebook book, it has great importance for the communication of modern people. Food Adulteration Food adulteration is the act of deliberately adding something to the food, intentionally debasing the quality of the food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. Unsafe levels of pesticides are present in around half of the vegetables and more than a quarter of fruits sold in the markets. Food posioning, in the form of metals, toxins, or bacteria, stomach disorders, liver problems, vision problems, skin diseases are the diseases caused by adulteration of food. Carbide, formalin, heavy metal, chemical, textile colours, artificial sweeteners, DDT, urea etc. are used rampantly for this purpose. Milk is mixed with water. Vanaspati is used as an adulterant for ghee. Ergot is used as an adulterant for cereals. Chalk-powder is used as an adulterant for flour. Chicory is used as an adulterant for coffee. Papaya seeds is used as an adulterant for pepper. Brick-powder is used as an adulterant for chilly-powder. Tamarind seed powder is used as adulterant for coffee. Wood powder is adulterated for turmeric and dhaniya powder. Adulterated food is impure, unsafe, or unwholesome food. Instead of focusing only on the end products, the issue should be addressed at the root level. Better monitoring and supervision were mandatory for stopping food adulteration. The Ministry of Food had enacted a Food Safety Act, but was yet to prepare the necessary rules. As the issue of food safety was also linked to 14 other ministries, a coordinated agency should take responsibility of ensuring safety in food products. Folk Music Folk music consists of ancient songs and music from the heart of a community based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music and modern popular songs. Folk music has great variety, with songs being composed on the culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music. Some notable folk singers like Shiraj Saiah, Lalon shah, Shah Abdul Karim, Hasan Raja, Abbas Uddin‚ Abdul Alim and Radha Roman have made the folk musk popular among the people of Bangladesh. Bangladeshi folk music varies from region to region. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira. Tribes like the Santal, Garo, Hajong, Chakma, Manipuri, Tripuri, Marma etc. have interacted with ethnic Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, Hindu or Muslim; others cross religious boundaries. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the ‘’roof-beating’’ songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops. Fax Facsimile, popularly known as fax, is a device that can send or receive a document, pictures and text over a telephone line. It is really a very wonderful machine which can transmit any document to another day machine located with in home or abroad in a very short time. It looks like a calculator-cum telephone set. Almost all modem s manufactured today are capable of sending and receiving fax data. Fax/modem software generates fax signals directly from disk files or the screen. Even if a document is text only, it is treated by the computer as a scanned image and is transmitted to the receiver as a bitmap. Faxing a message online works well if the recipient wants only to read the message. However, if the document requires editing, it must be converted into text by an OCR program, or it must be retyped manually into the computer. A more efficient method of sending documents that require modification is through the e-mail system. E-mail files are already ASCII text so they can be edited immediately in any text editor or word processing program. The Internet now provides a new and cheaper way to send faxes in some cases. A number of free and commercial companies provide arrangements for using the Internet rather than the public telephone system for most or part of the path to the fax point. Some services also provide the ability to broadcast a fax to multiple addresses. Nowadays being practically a time saving device, it has taken the place of teleprinter and is playing a vital role in international communication system. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing in the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school at 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The school hall was beautifully decorated with charts, buntings, flowers and placards. The main table, on which the Headmaster and the Inspector of Schools were to sit, was beautifully decorated with flowerpots. There were many chairs for the outgoing students, staff and students of Class X. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. His speech which was full of praise and appreciation for our outgoing class was delivered in a befitting manner. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I lauded the good arrangements made by the host and accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. When I was delivering the speech, I was deriving a mingled pleasure. I was feeling sad because of the separation from my old and august institution in whose lap I got education and training of my mind and body. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. He made a fervent appeal to build our mind and character on sound lines. He stressed upon us to intricate a spirit of service and sacrifice as well as of patriotism and nationalism. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. The deep impression the function left on me will continue living in my memory for many days. A FAREWELL FUNCTION The day when I was free from my school for appearing at the Secondary School Certificate Examination will be remembered throughout my life. As ours was the outgoing class, so it was bidden farewell by Class X (New). The Principal fixed the responsibility for making arrangements. Then farewell function was given on Thursday. When I arrived at school, it was 3 p.m. I saw that all arrangements were made by the host party. The function started with a moving and heart-rending farewell speech of Md. Saifuddin, a student of Class X. He mentioned our long and deep association with the school. After his speech, I, on behalf of my class, thanked the host. In my speech I accepted their good wishes and feelings for all of us. Then some of our senior teachers delivered their valuable lectures in which they gave their valuable advice. In the end, the reverend Headmaster, whose association with the school is as old as the history of this school, made an impassioned speech. In his farewell message, he gave us some pieces of advice, to be followed in our future course of life. Then after, started the cultural function arranged by some of our younger brothers of Class X. We all made the pin-drop silence and enjoyed the programme. In the mean time some of the students of Class ten distributed packets of snacks to us. Some of us took their food while some of us gossiped and laughed. After this, the function came to an end. We parted after taking the blessings of our teachers and good wishes of our friends. While going, we cast our longing and lingering looks at this great and noble institution in whose lap we spent the most formative period of our life and living. A Farmer A farmer is he who lives by cultivation. Almost 75% of people of our land are farmers. Our farmers live in villages. His house is made of corrugated iron sheets or straws. He is very honest, laborious and simple. He gets up from bed at dawn\_~) and goes to his field after taking some stale rice with green chilli .He works from dawn to dusk. He works both in rough and fair weather. He tills his land with his hand-made wooden tools. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate and landless. So they do not know the value of scientific method of cultivation. They live from hand to mouth. Most of them live below extreme poverty line. A poor farmer can not buy good seeds, fertilizers and insecticides and has no ability to, use the power tiller. Asa result, he can not grow better crops. He cannot educate his children properly. He depends on rain. He does not get good harvest when there is no rain or less rain. Sometimes, he gets loan- from the money-lender or a bank. If he fails to repay his loan in time, he has to sell what he has. He becomes happy when he gets good harvest and getspains when he gets no good harvest. Though a farmer is poor, he leads an hon est, life. A farmer is our real friend but has a little dignity and love in our society. Our government should sanction him a necessary loan to change his poor condition for our greater interest. A FARMER Bangladesh is an agricultural country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. A Fish Market There is a special charm (attraction) of a fish market to the people of Bangladesh. A fish- market is a part and parcel of the market in our country. It is a place where fishes are bought and sold. The fish-sellers take seats in rows. Generally there is a platform on which the fish-sellers sit with their big baskets full of fishes. They take their fishes in small quantities out of their baskets and arrange them for sale. Sometimes they sprinkle water from an earthen pot. It looks fishes fresh and lively. The best fishes generally attract large crowds of customers. Small fishes are kept separately for the poor people. The fish-sellers are very clever. They never tell their buyers the exact price of their fishes. They usually demand much higher prices. Consequently, higgling continues between the buyers and the fish-sellers. This makes the fish market the noisy place in the whole market. On the whole, a fish market plays an important role in our daily life. A flood that I have experienced A flood is a devastating natural calamity. Floods occur in Bangladesh almost every year. I give here below my experience of a destructive flood that visited our locality last year. It affected almost all the districts of this country. Before flood there was heavy rainfall for days together. The water began to rise in an abnormal way. Soon it rose above the danger level. Gradually all the lands and roads went under water. The communication was cut off. The crops were destroyed. The houses and cattle were swept away by the current. There was water and water everywhere. No trace of land was found to stand on. Then the boat was the only means of communication for going from one place to another. In some villages whole families perished. In our village a few, somehow, managed to save themselves by climbing on the trees-tops, the roofs of semi brick-built houses. The government and the N.G.O’s took direct steps to fight with this natural calamity. It took a long time to make up the harrowing toll of distress caused by the flood last year which I experienced from a close quarter. LIFE OF A FARMER Bangladesh is an agro-based country. So, the prosperity of Bangladesh entirely depends on the well-being of a farmer. The life of a farmer in Bangladesh is a continuous struggle against poverty. He is very hard-working. He gets up at dawn and goes to the field to work. He is busy in tilling the fields, sowing seeds and reaping the crops. He works there all day long. He grows abundant paddy and vegetables. In the past a farmer of Bangladesh led a happy and contented life. He had no want of anything. But now-a-days his life is fully miserable. He has no land of his own to cultivate. He cultivates the land of well-to-do people. He produces food grains by the sweat of his brow. But he cannot enjoy the fruits of his labour. He gets a share of the crops he produces. He is always hard up and lives from hand to mouth throughout the year. He lives a very simple life. His clothes are simple. He lives in a mud-house. His property consists of a few bulls, a plough-share etc. But a farmer is the very soul of this country. To make the country self-sufficient in food and to make the green revolution a success, steps should be taken for improving the life-style of a farmer. Life of a Farmer Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. So 85% of her population are farmers. But most of the farmers of our country have no landed property. They till the land of other landlords. A farmer gets up early in the morning. He takes a simple breakfast with panthabhat and goes to the field with wooden plough and a pair of bullocks. He ploughs the land, sows the seeds and weeds out. He comes back home at noon, takes bath and meal. Then he takes rest for a while and again goes to the field and works till it is dusk. During the rainy season, he spends the whole day in the field. He works from dawn to dusk. His income is very scanty. The big share ()f his labour goes to the landlords. He has both pleasure and pain in his life. He gets pleasure when he can provide his children with food and cloths. He feels pain when he fails to do so. That is to say, ho lives from hand to mouth. Though our farmers are doing their boss to feed the nation, yet they remain in debts. Therefore, we should try heart and soul to improve their lot / condition. A flood I have witnessed Bangladesh is a riverine country. Flood is one of the destructive natural calamities. Ours is a low country on the mouth of Bay of Bengal. Flood occurs almost every year in our country. Heavy rainfall is the main cause of floods. I have an experience about the severity of flood. Two years ago, during a rainy season, all of our family members went to our village to spend the vacation. There was excessive rainfall in the village. But the sudden increase of water in the rivers overflowed their banks and submerged the land. The flood water washed away houses, ruined crops, uprooted the trees and destroyed men and cattle. Many people were rendered homeless and many lives were lost. That flood broke all the records of the past. The whole country was inundated. All communication was cut off. So, the sufferings of the people knew no bounds. The after effects were even more dangerous. Epidemic and famine broke out in the village. People suffered from lack of drinking water. There were scarcity of foods, clothes, medicines and so on. The dead body of man and animal were here and there. In one word, the situation of the whole country was horrifying. It was really a sad episode of my life. I will never forget it for its devastation. A FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. Female education Education is the birth right of everybody. It makes a harmonious development of one’s mental faculties. So, facilities for education should be held open to everybody. In this respect, no discrimination should be made between man and woman. In fact, education must be universal.Some people are opposed to female education. They opine that women are intellectually inferior to men. So they are mainly meant for hearth and home. They should deal with the kitchen. They should perform the household duties, bring up the children and yield comforts to their male partner. On the whole, their duties are totally confined to the inner apartment. The arguments stated above do not hold water. It is true that they have some special tasks to perform inside the household. But these special tasks also cannot be properly done by an uneducated woman. An educated husband cannot put up with an uneducated partner. An uneducated mistress is not in a position to do her household duties in sound lines. It is impossible for an uneducated mother to bring up their children in an appropriate manner. We can expect the women to acquit themselves well even in their special tasks only when they are given proper education. Women are found equal to men in all respects except in physical strength. The question of their intellectual inferiority lays bare a negative answer. So there should not be any distinction between men and women in respect of education. Many women are now successfully competing with men in many active branches of life. Thus there cannot be any ground to deprive women of the benefits of education. Women also have their social responsibilities. Half of the people of our co untry are women. No development can be brought about in our society without participation of half of its members. And development work cannot be carried out successfully with uneducated women. Thus our women should be educated at the earliest. It may be advisable to modify the old system of education for our girls. Subject like Home Economics, Domestic Science, Cooking, Sewing and Nursing should be included in their course of study. It is a good sign that there is a general awakening among the women. The United National Charter provides for removal of discrimination between men and women. The women of our countries are also coming out of their domestic walls and working side by side with men in every walk of life. Our government is making all-out efforts to pave the way for female education in our country. We should remember that education is one of the fundamental rights of everybody male or female. The Importance of Female Education Female education is the precondition of the development of a nation. Both men and women are the members of a society. So it is true that both men and women should receive proper education in order to build up a happy and progressive society. Education is the back bone of a nation. It is compared to light and focus of a society. No development and progress is possible without proper and true education. Without proper education a society or a nation is deaf. dump and blind. About half of the population of our country is female. Only education can make women conscious of their rights and duties. So female education is a must. A mother is the best teacher of their.children. In all advanced countries majority of school and college teachers are women. Generally they are more friendly, careful and laborious than men. In the meantime the government of Bangladesh has introduced stipend for female students which encourage female students to get proper education. By getting proper education women can learn well about child care, sanitation. the value of family planning and the rules of health. An educated woman can also play an important role in improving national economy like a man. All necessary and proper steps should be taken to encourage female education for the betterment of our country. Finally. Napoleon says, "Give me an educated mother; I shall give you an educated nation. A Foggy Morning Fog is generally seen in winter morning. A cloudy and gloomy night creates fog. The period of night becomes longer but the fog remains throughout till sun rise. In the winter morning, it is seen on the blades of the grass and the leaves of the trees. All nature seems to wear a fresh dress of peace and purity. It looks very beautiful. Neither the earth nor the horizon is visible. The sun is not visible for a long period. The fog is not transparent. As a result, nothing can be seen clearly through it. People feel uneasy. Even the animals do not like it. They are not willing to graze in the field. In such a morning, everything seems dull. Children also feel uneasy. All activities of the people about to standstill. At times, the drivers of the vehicles can not ply their vehicles in the roads and streets properly. That is to say, everything looks hazy. The sun light is welcome to the people at that time. When the sun rises, fog disappears. However, a foggy morning is unpleasant and uncomfortable. FESTIVALS OF BANGLADESH Bangladesh is a developing country. The people of this country may not be wealthy but they are rich in their heart. Inhabitants of this country have long been reputed for their hospitability. They pass their life with many festivities. People of different cast and creed live together in peace and harmony in this country. That’s why we see a great variety of festivals being celebrated by them. Bangladesh is a Muslim majority country. ‘Eid-Ul-Fitr’ and ‘Eid-Ul-Azha’ are the major religious festivals of the Muslims. The Hindus celebrate ‘Durga Puja’ as their main religious festival. ‘Buddha Purnima’ is the chief religious program of the Buddhists. The Christians celebrate ‘Christmas Day’ as their principal festival. The country commemorates some other festivals which people of all walks of life observe together regardless of all their difference. 25th March is celebrated as ‘Independent Day’. The declaration of the independence of Bangladesh was proclaimed on this day of 1971. 16th December is our ‘Victory Day’. We gained freedom from the occupying Pakistani force on this day of 1971. Both of these events are observes with profound respect by the people of Bangladesh. ‘Pahela Baishakh’ is a program which is very significant in out national life. It is the first day of a new Bangla year. This day is celebrated with many cultural programs and in some places by arranging ‘Mela’. This program represents the pen-picture of the nation’s national culture. Hence, it is our national festival. All this festivals indeed, makes us a very colourful nation. FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL School is an institution where students learn a lot of things. It is an indispensable part of student life. Besides giving academic learning, it also enables the students to be perfect men in life. So school plays a very important role in student life. Actually student life cannot be imagined without school. Accordingly, first day at school is a momentous event of student life. It is the beginning of student life. First day at school is a new experience for every student. On that particular day students express their mixed feelings. That day they not only feel thrilled but also get nervous because of not having any previous experience. At the same time they think that a new experience is a new examination for them. However, first day at school is a memorable day for every student no doubt. It was the same for me. On my first day I went to my new school with my father. We met the Headmaster of the school, Mr. Rahman. The Headmaster asked me some questions. I answered them well. But I felt worried and nervous because I did not know anybody at my new school. Then the Headmaster took me to my classroom. There I saw a lot of students like myself. One of them was Navid. He asked me my name. I liked him. Afterwards we became good friends. I enjoyed my first day at my new school. I found that the teachers and students in my new school were very amicable. I liked them and I always want to remember them. And my worry came to an end. A Fisherman A fisherman is a very useful person in our society. He is a very common figure to the people of Bangladesh because Bangladesh is a dream land of rivers, seas, canals, haors, beels. lakes, tanks and ponds. A fishes man is he who lives by ". ct -~Pw) catching and selling fishes. He is very laborious and courageous in nature.: fisherman lives in a village near a canal or a river or a sea. He uses a boat for catching fish. He catches fish by his hand-made net. On the rainy day, he and the members of his family make new nets and repair the old ones. Most of the fishermen are illiterate and very poor. They have no net or boat of their own. So they work in groups. Fishing in the big river or the sea is very risky and challenging but interesting too. He often catches fish in the deep sea or at stormy nights. His pleasure knows no bounds when he catches a big fish or a lot of fish. In spite of strugglingling. Hard a fisherman leads a very sorrowful and miserable life. He can not educate his children because of his extreme poverty .He hardly enjoys happiness and pleasure of life. In a word, he lives in wants and dies in wants. Yet-, he feels proud because he leads an honest life. He does a great- good to us by supplying fishes. He supports his family by his honest service. Really he is our great friend. Our govt. should provide him with a necessary loan to change the wheels of his lot for our greater interest. A FOUNTAIN PEN A fountain pen is a writing pen with an inside-tube, which supplies ink. It has mainly two parts----the body and the cap. The body has four parts----an ink-holder, a mouth, a nib-fitter and a nib. The cap consists of a crew and clip. The nib and the nib-fitter are closely connected with the mouth of the body. When the pen is on work, the cap is placed on the top of the body. At other times it is used as a covering of the nib. The nib is so constructed that the ink can smoothly flow through it. A fountain pen has an automatic flow of ink. There are many kinds of fountain pen. They differ in sizes and shapes. It is essential for every student, educated man and woman. A fountain pen is very beautiful to look at. Now-a-days, it is not commonly used. It sometimes serves the purpose of an ornament. A fountain pen is a part of modern civilization. A Fountain Pen A fountain pen is a part and parcel of an educated person. It is nothing but a good looking writing instrument in which ink fountains. It is of various shapes, sizes and colours. Generally it consists of three main parts - the cap, the body and the nib. The cap is made of copper or nickel or some other metal. The cap protects the nib. It has a clip with which the pen is fixed to the pocket or the bag. The body of the pen contains ink. It is generally made of plastic, metal etc. Nowadays, most of the pens have modern tubes, within their bodies and these tubes contain ink. The nib with a feeder is the lower part of a fountain pen. The nib is so made that ink can easily flow through it. The nib is made of copper or nickel. Sometimes it is made of gold. The price of the fountain pen depends on the metal with which the cap and the nib are made. A good fountain pen is, as It were, an ornament to a man or woman. We can not think even for a single moment without a fountain pen. In fact, we can say that it is a good and faithful friend of the student as well as the teacher. FOGGY DAY A foggy day is cold and dismal and is covered with mist. Everything seems hazy. The grasses below are wet with dew and sparkle like pearls in the sunbeams. One can hardly see and identify things at a distance. People in warm clothes to keep themselves warm look strange. The old people shiver in cold. People gather straw and make fires at different places to bask in the heat of the sun. Birds’ chirping is not heard. The cow and other animals cannot come out. Then the sun peeps over the eastern horizon and starts rising. Nature takes on a charming aspect. The touch of the sunrays makes the birds and beasts quite happy. Farmers go to the fields and begin their day’s work. With the advancing sun, people shirk off the feeling of cold and set about their usual course of work. Then the scene of mist and fog disappears and the sunny morning paves the way for man’s daily activities. In a foggy day one can enjoy delicious and sweet cakes, ‘piash’ of date juice and many other things. A foggy day is enjoyable in many respects. FRIENDSHIP Friendship is a human instinct between two persons not bound by any relationship. It is a divine tie between one individual and the other. It is one of the greatest blessings of the Almighty to man. It is a relationship which is based on the union of same minded persons. Absolute trust for one another builds up unshakable friendship. The two friends must always belong to the same and uneven level of feelings for each other. True friend is never fortune-hunter. He always remains beside his friend. In the days of our prosperity, there is no want of friend. But when we fall in crisis, true friends are tested. A real friend will never desert us if we are in problem. A true friend is himself a guide for us. He always tries to keep us in right path. He never keeps himself busy for his own self. If we violate his advice and fall in danger, he comes forward and spreads his helping hand to save us from all sorts of danger. It is the friendship that sometimes springs from the mental esteem and from our long attachment. But we must be careful when we select friend. It is said that a man is known by the company he keeps. So, we must select a person as a friend who is honest, noble and sincere. And only by this way, a true friendship is possible. FOOD PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH Food is an essential thing for any living creature. We eat food so that we may live. Bangladesh which is mainly an agricultural country is not self-sufficient in food. She cannot feed all her people with the food she produces. There is a big shortage of food every year. So there is the problem of food and question of growing more food has arisen. Our country is suffering from food problem for different reasons. First, our population is increasing year after year, but production of our food is not increasing. Secondly, our land has lost its capacity to grow more food for want of proper care. Then unscientific cultivation and lack of proper distribution of land are also responsible for shortage of food. Besides, floods, cyclones, pests and insects are causing harm to our crops. Moreover, it is our negligence to take an effective policy to grow more food our people. In order to solve the problem we have to increase the production of food grains. To do this we have to take up scientific method of cultivation. We should use manure and expand irrigation facilities. The scientific tools of agriculture should be made available in cheap rate. Co-operative farming should be introduced. All kinds of land should be brought under cultivation. We should follow the natural method of ‘rotation of crops’ to keep the fertility of the land intact. We should also take measure to protect food crops from drought, floods, pests and other harms of nature. Loans on easy terms should be sanctioned to the cultivators for farming. Electrification is a must for the development of the rural areas. It is also necessary to give land to the actual tillers of the soil. The livestock should be raised properly so that they can serve us more effectively. Our livestock are also helpful for growing more food. Besides, we should take steps to increase our fish production. On the whole, our over population should be checked for the greater welfare of the country. THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. Thus a garment worker passes her daily activities with ups and downs. FUTURE PLAN OF MY LIFE One must settle some plans or aim in life because without them life becomes a drifting boat in a stormy sea, always looking fora land to anchor. It may be disputed that humans cannot follow all their plans owing to the adversity of time. However, I have fixed up a plan for myself. I have a desire to serve the country. With this in mind, I want to be a teacher, the noblest person in the society, who is morally obliged to build and mould up a sound society. Teaching has always been regarded as a noble profession. It is the teachers who impart knowledge, provide consciousness, humanity to the inhabitants of the society and serve until the last day of their life. This is why I have chosen to be a teaches. Right from this moment, I am preparing for my future. I will enter university and work sincerely to complete my graduation and post-graduation and, then try to receive training ing for effective teaching. It is really encouraging for me that my parents have their support and cooperation for my aim. They all believe that my sincerity, determination, vivacity in my work will obviously contribute to the development of the society. FLOOD Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Her lands are also low lying. So floods visit this country almost every year. Flood is a natural calamity. The excessive overflow of water that carries away houses, uproots trees and plants and damages crops is called flood. There are many causes of flood. They are heavy rainfall, tidal waves, terrible storm, earthquakes, snow melt etc. Flood causes heavy damage to life and property of the people. It washes away villages and towns. The streets, roads and houses go under water during flood. People suffer much and their normal life is disturbed. The after effects of flood are very dangerous. People do not get pure drinking water. So, various kinds of diseases break out in the flood affected areas. Famine also breaks out in those areas. Flood does some good to us by bringing much silt and making land fertile. In our country flood means a terrible misfortune. The people of Bangladesh cannot forget the terrible floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1960, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1980, 1984, 1987, and 1988. The recent flood of 1998 affected almost all the districts of Bangladesh. We must find out a solution of this problem. G Gender Disparity/Discrimination: A heinous social curse Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male an d female in the field of observing rights as a human being. In the developed countries there is no gender disparity. But in our country this disparity is severe. It pervades both rural and urban communities. It is especially seen in the rural areas too much. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university and most of the conservative families do so. In many families of Bangladesh especially of the villages, boys and girls are not treated equally. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. But on the other hand, boys or male members of the family are allowed to go to school, college and to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination means the preference of one sex, especially the male people, depriving the other sex. It is a great malpractice to women. Gender discrimination begins when a girl chile is horn, and it continues throughout her life. With the birth of a girl the society impresses on her many illusions about her low status in the society ty she is born in. This practice lasts in a society because the members of the society, think that the male are suited to add to the family income. The ignorance and illiteracy of people are also responsible for gender discrimination. As a consequence of this discrimination, women are treated disrespectfully and disgracefully in the society. Even the women one day start to believe the illusions implanted on them by the society. They undergo inferiority complex. To solve this problem of gender discrimination, we all should come forward to making the people aware of the equal status of the women. Government should also take steps in this respect. Among the steps, female education, mass awareness, avoiding social dogmas are very important to follow to get rid of this social stigma. We must stand against it and keep the womenfolk in our march of advancement for social equilibrium. The Adverse Effect of Gender Discrimination Gender- discrimination denotes the disparity of enjoying rights and facilities between the male and female sections. Still today gender discrimination is one of the most inhuman customs in our society. Almost everyday the grim pictures of this evil custom are seen in newspapers and on TV screens. In our society this brute custom begins at birth. All illiterate families long for male children. A girl or a woman is deprived of almost all social rights and facilities. In our society, educating a girl is regarded as the wastage of money and time of a family. A girl is not allowed to receive better education in most of the families in our society. Most girls and women 'are confined to within the four walls of the house. As a result, our women society 4.94iei) is unproductive, unskilled and unemployed. They get no chance to take part in any social and national development activities. But some educated women of the enlightened families have already proved their efficiency and ability by working with men in different development working projects and sectors. Illiteracy and social superstitions are the root reasons of this evil custom. Social unawareness is another reason of this curse. Extreme poverty is a prime reason of it. This evil custom curves our all development plans and activities wonderfully. No development is possible without their participation in any development work. Our narrow outlook should be altered, Illiteracy must be stamped out, social superstitions must be eradicated, early marriage must be banned and equal facilities should be ensured between men and women. Public awareness must be raised about the curse of gender discrimination. GENDER DISCRIMINATION Gender discrimination in Bangladesh begins at birth. To say truly girls are born to an unwelcome world. Mostly the teenaged girls are deprived of higher education. They are considered to be a burden for a family because after marriage they will go to their in-law’s house. So, parents are not ready to invest for their future. The girls are not allowed to go outside without permission. They are confined to domestic chores. In case of food and dresses, male children are given more importance. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. In decision making and treatment facilities, girls are neglected. They are thought to be unproductive. A number of reasons, such as, social prejudice, superstition, blind faith, social and economic backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance etc are responsible for gender discrimination in our country. So outlook towards them must be liberal and generous. Otherwise it hampers our humanity. At the same time social and religious restriction should be uprooted by creating a positive attitude among people. They should be considered as human beings rather than as female. Then only it is possible to solve the degrading position of the women. Globalization Globalization is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless market. The idea of Globalization came into practice only in the last decade thought the idea was age old. It has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. The world has come closer with the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transport facilities. We can learn instantly what is happening in the remotest corner of the world. We are also able to go to any country in the shortest possible time. This is how countries of the world are like families in a village. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbors. Globalization also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. However, as a result of Globalization, capitalist countries are enjoying more opportunities by exploiting the poor countries. Globalization integrates global economy in a way which exerts influence on both economic and social relations among the countries of the world. If Globalization is imposed upon a properly educated and properly trained labour force in an appropriate system it will lead to development and progress. If the developed and developing nations work together on terms of solidarity, equity and justice the process of Globalization will make our world a better place to live in. Gender Disparity/ Discrimination Gender disparity means gender discrimination or difference between male and female in the field of observing rights as a human being. It pervades severely both rural and urban communities in our country. Only boys are allowed to go to school, college and university to complete higher education and to do any job anywhere outside the home. Many girl students are deprived of getting educated both in towns and villages. Many parents love their sons more and always give them more facilities than their daughters. They usually think that educating a daughter is nothing but waste of time and money. After class seven or eight they think that they should marry their daughters off. Even many of the modern and educated families of our country do not think higher education for their daughters or sisters. They do not allow their daughters, sisters and wives to do a job outside the home. They are kept busy with maintaining different household chores and bringing up children. However, both males and females should be considered equal, should be given equal rights and facilities and should be exploited equally so that women can play a vital role in the development of the country like men. For this, we have to educate all females and have to change the mentality. We have to make them aware that women can do the same thing of men. Like men, women can change their lives by working with men and earning a lot of money. After all, government should take effective measures to diminish gender disparity for the development of the country. So, if we want our own betterment, we, both males and females, have to work together. Group Work Group work, an effective way of learning and cooperation with others, involves students working collaboratively on set tasks, in or out of the classroom. Its aim is to learn through group cooperation and encourage all students to participate in the learning process. This approach is defined in the classroom as a group. The members obtain useful information from each other to extend their knowledge and abilities through the cooperation. To do group work, the class has to be divided into groups. Each group is to do some tasks given by the teacher or in the textbook. The group members will discuss and share ideas and points, and finally one member will write the answer. All this is knowledge about group work. Then one starts working in groups. In each group one takes turns discussing points, answering questions, etc. In this way one actually does the task. Teacher may monitor and help to do the work. Lastly, through regular group work it is expected that there will be noticeable changes in one’s behaviour. Possible changes are– one will develop the attitude of freely mixing and talking with one’s classmates and teacher. One’s shyness will gradually disappear. One will develop the attitude of helping and cooperating with each other. One will learn to behave in a democratic way. Most importantly, these behavioural changes taking place in one inside the classroom will be carried over outside the classroom, in real-life situations. In order to maximise these benefits, one will need to manage one’s group work effectively. Globalisation: A new notion of global interaction Globalisation means internationalisation. It is a phenomenon involving the integration of economics, cultures, governmental policies, and the movements around the world. Trade and investment between countries have promoted interdependence and the world’s economies for centuries. What is now called globalisation, however, represents an exponential acceleration of the integration process. It has been formed by the leading countries of the world. Nowadays the world is linked as never before due to advances in communication and transportation and also due to trade agreements that have lowered or eliminated barriers or borders in the exchange of goods. So our world has become a global village. As a result, similar goods are sold around the world for similar prices. The highly integrated financial and commodity markets see price movements in one part of the world instantaneously reflected in other major markets. The BBC, CNN, MTV and the Internet have accelerated the integration of global culture. Science and technology have also accelerated this global process. So, teenagers around the world watch the same videos, listen to the same music and wear the same clothes. However, we can say that globalisation may bring happiness for us all only if we can make a mutual understanding, otherwise it will not only become a threat to a developing nation but also ruin our existence and may turn us into parasites. GLOBALISATION Globalisation is, basically, a process of expanding trade and commerce all over the world by creating a borderless owker. However, it is creating more opportunities for capitalist countries rather than for the developing ones. In the one of help and co-operation, the industrially developed capitalist countries are exploiting the cheap labour available in poor countries. This is the common fear about the adverse effects of globalisation in the countries like ours. But, the few is not quite justified because globalisation has also a far-reaching effect on many aspects of life. With the development of hi-tech communication media and rapid transportation facilities the world has come closer. We can share our joys and sorrows like next door neighbours. Globalisation also brings all types of different customs and behavior into our homes through satellite television channels and the Internet. Now, we can enrich our local culture through constant interaction of different cultures. But, along with this, the cultural assault can also be resisted by the strength of our own traditional social values, beliefs and attitudes. A GOOD STUDENT A good student is one who is fully conscious of his duties and responsibilities. I have the idea of having a close touch with such a good student. He is my classmate, Arif. He is a student who is always eager to know and acts according to what he learns. He lives in accordance with the strict rules of conduct and discipline. He is punctual, early rising, and obedient to parents. He is well-disciplined. He studies while it is time to study and plays while it is time to play and enjoys a sound mind in a sound body. He behaves with others in a polite way and he is modest. He shows habitual respect to his teachers and other superiors. He is co-operative with the students of the class. He is very much choosy about who he mixes with. He is fully conscious to ensure that no evil tempts him. Again, he is a good sportsman. He also takes keen interest in social service. From now on, he prepares himself to shoulder the responsibility in future. He is conscious of politics but does not take active part in politics In short, his ideal is plain living and high thinking. I hope that he can bring glory to the country. THE LIFE OF A GARMENT WORKER Garments industry is one of the most important sectors for the economy of our country. The contribution of garment workers has made it possible. An ordinary garment worker in our country leads a very laborious life. Early rising in the morning is usual for her. She has to reach the factory a few minutes before her shift starts. Generally she walks to her factory along with other girls working there. Sometimes she has to get on a crowded public bus to reach her factory. On the way to her destination she is infected with slang words from various corners. In the factory she is not in a congenial atmosphere. She works in congested rooms, which is detrimental to their health. Sometimes she works whole day resting on her feet. Sometimes fire breaks out in the factory and there is no preventive measure. It is miserable for a garment worker. At noon she gets a lunch break for half an hour. Almost everyday she eats the poor lunch taken from her house with her colleagues in the factory. She works in the factory for long hours till late at night. She has to be at the factory up to 9 or 10 p.m. In spite of her long hours’ of work she is not remunerated properly. Since labour is cheap, hard work at the factory earns a garment worker very little money. Though she works hard for long hours of the day, she is frequently haunted by the thought of uncertain future. As tradition goes on, she will get married with a fellow worker and try to continue her poor life. Thus the life of a garment worker goes on with ups and downs. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. A GOOD CITIZEN A citizen is the asset of a country. A good citizen has as many duties as he has rights. The basic rights of a citizen are his basic human rights. He has right to live, travel, work, and vote. He has the right to education, security and justice. He has also the right to die a normal death. He has many other rights which he can enjoy. Again a citizen has to perform many duties. First of all he has duties to himself, which is to make himself a worthy citizen of the country in every sense of the word. Then he has duties to his family, to his relatives and friends, to his community, to the locality, and finally, to the country. And, a student-citizen has the further duty to his studies. Political rights are different from individual rights. They are group rights and fought for as a group claim in the form of demand by a political party. A good citizen is a wealth when he is worthy to the nation. A Good Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. In fact, he is the architect of a nation. He tries to dispel the darkness of ignorance from the mind of the students. He builds up the mind and morality of a student. He always encourages the students to know more and r.-iore about everything in the world. He makes the lessons interesting, charming and keeps the students captivated. He makes them ideal men and confident citizens. Every student is more or less clever. An ideal teacher discovers it and guides the students properly. A good teacher is one who not only teaches well but also helps him to build an ideal character. He is an inspiration to his pupils/students. He prevents his students from doing evil. He is well-behaved and affectionate with the students. He also shows them the way to shine in life. We know that education is the backbone of a nation. In the same way, a good teacher is the backbone of education. In fact, a good teacher is one of the most important persons in our country. A GOOD NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. GRAMEEN BANK Bangladesh has a long history of micro-credit finance. There are several internationally acclaimed organisations of micro-credit, such as the Grameen Bank. This bank provides credit to the poor, particularly rural women. Professor Mohammad Yunus, who is the chairman of Grameen Bank established the same in 1983. A Grameen Bank project allows only the poor and landless people to take a loan from the bank. Before they can borrow the money, they have to make 5-6 groups of workers, each having five members. Then they have a centre where the bank works to give loans and receive repayment of loans. All the group members must be registered members of the Grameen Project. Each member of a group is given a registered number. There must be an elected Chairperson and an elected Secretary of the group. They hold office for a year. The members conduct their business with the bank through the Chairman. Grameen Bank, in addition to providing credit, emphasizes the need to develop skills and raise consciousness among the rural poor. Meanwhile, the living condition of a large number of programme participants has risen above the poverty line. Grameen Bank, therefore, has started a silent revolution among the women, and its impact is far-reaching. A GOOD TEACHER A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. GREENHOUSE EFFECT Greenhouse effect is the gradual warming of the air surrounding the earth as a result of heat being trapped by environment pollution. This is exemplified by the destruction and burning down of tropical rain forests, by traffic that clogs up city streets, by the rapid growth of industry, the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in packaging and manufacturing commercial products, the use of detergents such as washing powder and washing-up liquid and so on. The oceans are also said to be affected both because of human waste and because of pollution caused by industrial waste products, oil seeping from damaged supertankers and from other maritime disasters. However, the main culprits for global warming are carbon dioxide gas, produced by the burning of fossil fuels and forests, and pollutants such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. Climatologists predict that midway through this century, temperatures may have risen by as much as 4°C. This could catastrophically reduce mankind’s ability to grow food, destroy or severely damage wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and thereby flood coastal areas and farmland. The alarming news about Bangladesh is that as a result of the rise of the sea level, the lower southern part of the country may one day go under water. Hence we should take the pragmatic steps to control the greenhouse effect. GROWING UP SOCIALLY As a social being, growing up socially is a precondition for every man. Man cannot live alone. Greek philosopher Aristotle said that ‘man is by nature a social being’. He has to lead a social life. Man cannot be self-centered like animals. He has some duties towards himself, to his family, to his society and the nation. Our Prophet said that the man who serves others is the greatest. All the great men on earth were very much conscious about their duties towards society. They dedicated their lives for the welfare of their society’s people. They extended their helping hands towards the helpless men. They shared the feelings of destitute people of the society. Even they sacrificed their belongings and peace and happiness of their minds for the welfare of fellowmen. If we want to follow them and want to establish ourselves in the society properly we also have to render social services to our society. We have to come forward with helpful mind at the time of people’s misery. We have to feel the sorrowful condition of downtrodden people. We have to take part in all sorts of social movements in order to promote the living condition of the people of our society and to improve the environment of our society. But it is not an easy task to render social services responsibly. If we want to carry out the above mentioned duties in true sense, we should be grown up socially. But if we fail to do this we cannot contribute to the development of our society and nation, and in this respect our existence as a human being will be diminished one day. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisatio n most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to pr ess their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times students and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. H A Hartal Day: A suspension of regular activities In modern civilisation most of the states of the world face hartal in season and out of season. So we are quite familiar with it. Hartal is the rightful demand of the political parties. It is observed at the call of a political party or parties to press their demand to the ruling party. Sometimes the opposition political party or parties call hartal against the corruption, misgovernment, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. At times stud ents and people of a locality call hartal to expose their demand. On a hartal day the usual course of life is hampered. The communication system of the country is broken down as all vehicles and the other transports cannot move. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers burn cars and others on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to face a lot of troubles on a hartal day. They go on foot. The road looks desolate. The economical activities of the country come to a stand still. Most of the mills and factories, markets and shops remain closed. The foreign investors lose their interest to the country. Often clashes occur between the police and picketers or between the hartal activists and the anti-hartal activists. Sometimes these clashes bring loss of lives. The police are engaged in important spots to control the situation and to avert unwanted events. Yet harassment of man and women often becomes a common scene. On a hartal day students suffer a lot. We hope the peaceful solution of any problem arisen between the government and the opposition. Above all, we should consider the suffering of the people while calling hartal. We also ought to consider that the would-be hartal is so necessary? So we should abstain ourselves from calling hartal as far as possible. A hartal day Hartal mainly refers the act of total shutdown of workplaces, offices, shops, courts of law as a form of civil disobedience particularly in political protest. In modern strife torn state hartal has become a common affair. It is observed at the call of a political party to press their demand to the ruling political party. The opposition political parties observe hartal to protest against the corruption, misuse of power and the evil deeds of the ruling party. Sometimes students and people of a locality call hartal to express their demands. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. They go on foot as vehicles are not available. As a result the attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The economy of the country suffers a heavy loss. Mills, factories and industries stop their work. All the business centers, markets and shops remain closed. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. Often clashes occur between the police and the picketers. Sometime clashes take place between the supporters of the opposition and the ruling political partical parties which result in some deaths. On a hartal day the suffering of the people know no bounds. Actually, it is a mode of appealing to the sympathies of a government to change an unpopular or unacceptable decision. Basic Human Rights: A global demand for establishing peace In the present civilised world everybody has some rights to exercise. The rights to get food, shelter, education, medical treatment etc. are called fundamental rights. But the concept of basic human rights derives from the belief that a man cannot exist in this world without having certain rights in a particular tribe or in the society. The basic human rights are divided into different categories. They are social rights, civil rights, … .political rights, economic rights, religious rights and cultural rights. Social rights mean the rights to move freely, to arrange and attend any social function like meeting, conference, marriage ceremony, birthday party or any other social function. Civil rights refer to the rights of the citizens. Every citizen has the rights to be free from the interference, attack and disturbance of others. Political rights mean the rights to join trade union, to take part in the administration, to give vote and to have the freedom of speech including freedom of expression of opinions. An inhabitant will also exercise the cultural rights, religious rights and economic rights. A person can attend various cultural functions like Pahela Baishakh, carnival, jatra, snake charming, puppet show etc. as well as can arrange them at different times. In the same way people can enjoy various religious festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Christmas day, Swarashati puja etc and all these are their religious rights. Moreover, people of different religions can independently say their respective prayers going to mosque, church, temple or pagoda, and perform other religious activities. Every person can possess properties, establish organisations, support others financially etc —– all these are some examples of economic rights. In the constitution all rights of the people have been obviously mentioned. All citizens are equal in the eye of law and justice. But in many countries of the world including Bangladesh basic human rights are being violated brutally. This violation must be considered crime. And this type of crime is usually committed by the law-enforcing agencies, miscreants and politicians. Definitely they should be punished for violating fundamental human rights. So, some pragmatic measures should be adopted by the govt. as well as by all leading NGO’s. All constitutional writings about basic human rights have to be materialised in no time. Moreover, we have to raise consciousness about the basic human rights among all people through different mass media like radio, television, cinema, newspaper, poster, internet etc. and through political activities, canvass and propaganda so that we can ensure the fundamental human rights for the overall betterment of all. HOLIDAY I love holidays. Who doesn’t love holidays especially when unexpected holidays come suddenly in the middle of the week? I really don’t know what happens to me on a holiday - one moment I am fast asleep dreaming of the homework I have not done. Again the next minute I am wide awake suddenly realising I need not touch my books, as the homework can wait another twenty-four hours. I love being outdoors, so before it gets too hot I put in half-an-hour’s jogging and some cricket practice with a few like-minded friends from the neighbourhood. I then have a huge breakfast revelling in the luxury of dawdling over my glass of my milk. The rest of the day is spent doing days-like finishing an exciting book, ringing up an old friend, cleaning my room, helping my father to clean his car and even trying my hand at painting. I like to watch television too and listen to some good music. Change of activity is very relaxing so I try to avoid being idle. Moreover it’s fun to do different things every little while. Hence I don’t get bored. Even on holidays, I believe in sleeping early to enable me to wake up fresh the next morning. This is how I pass my holidays with different activities. HONESTY MUST BE REWARDED Honesty is one of the noblest virtues of a human individual. Honesty is the best policy. It reveals the truth. A dishonest man may be successful for a time being. But an honest man is sure to succeed in the long run. The student who cheats in an examination may gain good marks. He learns thereby to adopt unfair means of passing his future examinations. Consequently he loses his confidence and self-reliance. He himself ruins his career and reputation. The bad effects of dishonesty can also be observed in the cases of civil service, business and trade, economy, politics, etc. Dishonest persons collapse all the spheres of our national life. A dishonest person suddenly makes himself rich by dishonest means but he is severely punished by his conscience. The dishonest man lives all through his life in dread. His misdeeds may at any moment be revealed in the broad light of day. On the other hand and honest man is a glorious ornament for a society. He brings the glory for men and nation. He can disperse his virtues throughout the nation. Everybody can rely on him undoubtedly. He becomes renowned and reputed everywhere. An honest man can overcome all the difficulties in the society by dint of his noble virtue. In the long run both an honest man and a dishonest man are evaluated. The honesty of an honest person is rewarded and a dishonest person is rebuked by everybody. The honesty of a man sparkles the flame of truth everywhere A HARTAL DAY In modern strife-torn state ‘hartal’ has become a common affair. We are quite familiar with it. On a hartal day normal course of life is stopped. All means of transport and vehicles do not move on the roads. Rickshaws are seen few and far between. Picketers are very active on a hartal day. They burn old tyres on the road to stop the movement of the vehicles. People are to take a lot of troubles to attend their offices. The attendance is very negligible in the offices, factories, industries and shops. The roads look desolate. The banks cannot operate any transactions. The supporters in favour of hartal bring out procession. The police patrol the towns. They are employed on important points through the cities and towns to prevent any sort of violence and avert unwanted events. Nevertheless, sometimes, untoward incidents take place. They charge batons and lob tear gases to disperse the agitated mob. Sometimes there is chase and counter chase. At times the sounds of crackers and bomb explosion are heard. The angry mob set fire on vehicles and shops. On a hartal day the sufferings of the people know no bound. A Hartal Day A hartal is nothing but a medium of protest. Generally opposition parties combined together call out hartal to protest against the unlawful activities of the ruling government. On a hartal day all types of educational institutions, the shops, the markets, the mills, the factories and the industries remain closed. But the government offices remain open. So the government employees are to go to their offices on foot. All types of vehicles are stopped by the picketers but some rickshaws are seen in the roads and streets. The picketers often damage some rickshaws by setting fire to them. The roads and the streets look vacant. The ambulance and the vehicles of the newspaper agencies have no restriction. The supporters of the hartal often attack the police to create disturbance. The police charge with stick and tear gas to disperse the hartal supporters. The picketers use crackers and bombs to frighten the passers-by. The police patrol often arrests the violent supporters. Processions are seen on the streets. Nowadays some processions are seen legally organized to recover the respective demands from the government as well as other institutions. However, the common people do not support the frequent hartals. A HAWKER A hawker is a common figure in Bangladesh. His long-drawn trade call draws the attention of the women-folk of the house. They respond to the call the send for him. There are two classes of hawkers. Some want to sell articles and some want to buy old and used articles. The hawker who sells articles is more in number. He moves from door to door. He is seen on almost all the streets. The hawker who wants to buy old and worn out articles from the houses has a peculiar way of declaring the list of the articles he wants. He comes to the house at noon when the male-folks are away from the houses. So he can easily cheat the women-folks in price and in weight. He buys food grains, worn-out clothes and shoes, old books and newspapers. The street hawker is perhaps one of the cleverest men. They know the art of winning the heart of his customers. His manners enchant them. He does not always make a very high profit. His only point is to sell something. In spite of his wit and art, the hawker is very poor. He is too poor to maintain his family HOW I HAVE CELEBRATED THE BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment HOW TO ARRANGE A PICNIC A picnic is a pleasant diversion. It breaks the monotony of life. But holding a picnic is easier than arranging it. If a group of people want to go on a picnic, they are to do some particular things. First, they are to form a committee, choose a picnic spot and fix a date. These things give ample scope for discussion and argument and make things lively. Secondly the committee will be divided into some groups to do different kinds of things such as fund raising, purchasing food items, hiring transport, cooking, arranging games, cultural programme etc. Thirdly, the committee will collect the subscription from all the members within the fixed date. Meanwhile the group work starts. Some go for arranging conveyance, some purchase eatables and some collect other items. Thus everyone performs his or her assigned duties. This shows up the efficiency and resourcefulness of individual member of the party. Finally comes the picnic itself. All the members will start for their picnic spot on the fixed day from a place fixed before. And full-blooded young people then enjoy the picnic. HOW I HAVE ENJOYED MY LAST RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL This time I along with our family have visited our village home and spent the Eid festival there. We had reached the village two days before. My two cousins with their families also visited the village. On the eve of the Eid we passed the night in excitement, and made various preparations. Some of us used fireworks and decorated and illuminated our houses. As soon as the day dawned all rose from our beds. We had our bath. Then we dressed ourselves in the best clothes. This being over, we all proceeded towards the ‘maidan’ to offer prayers in congregation. At the end, we embraced one another. Then we came back to our houses and we wished our grandmother, mothers and sisters. Meanwhile mother and aunts prepared ‘shemai’ and other kinds of sweets. Then all of us took sweets with great joy and merriment. Sweets were also distributed among the poor, friends and relatives. Poor people gathered at the lawn of the houses and my grandfather gave them money and clothes. In the evening we visited the houses of our relatives and passed our time in merry-making. Everywhere we were received with utmost cordiality and hospitality. Then we came back our home. Sumptuous dinner was arranged in our home. At night we all got together and had a gossip for a long time. There we sang songs, cut jokes etc. Thus the day passed through great excitement and bustle. HOW TO ARRANGE BOOKS IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. The books of libraries are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to get their desired book easily. THE HOUSE I LIVE IN / A PLACE WHERE I LIVE A house is a dwelling place for anyone. There is nothing like a house. The house I live in with other members is a one-storeyed building. It is situated in an open place with good space on all sides. It has wide windows and doors to let in sufficient light and air. It has as many as seven rooms. Of them, three are bedrooms-----one for guests and the other two for the members of the family. The remaining four rooms are a reading room, a store-room, a drawing room and a dining room. The reading room is furnished with shelves containing books on different subjects. The drawing room is furnished with comfortable modern furniture. Some nice pictures, photographs and handiworks are hung on the walls. The bedrooms are simple and are arranged in different ways. A bathroom, a sanitary latrine and a kitchen are at some distance from the bedrooms. A flower garden with various seasonal flowers is the chief attraction of our house. We keep our house neat and clean. We are quite happy to live in our house. HOW TO BOARD A PLANE A journey by air is a pleasant experience for anyone. If anyone wants to make a journey, he is to go through some formalities for boarding a plane. One is to arrive at the airport about an hour before the flight. Then he is to be checked in and wait in the lounge. Then he is given a boarding card on which the number of his seat is written. When the flight is announced, the passengers are asked to board the plane. Next he is to get on board and find his seat. When all the passengers are in, the door is closed. As the plane is ready to take off, the passengers are asked to fasten our seat belts. The passenger is also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane takes off smoothly. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. HOW TO CELEBRATE A BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. First he is to invite his relatives and friends. Secondly he is to decorate his house nicely. He will also put on his new dress. Thirdly he will arrange a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, he will light the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food is served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it feel interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme is arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests leave wishing the host many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of a birthday party comes to an end with joy and merriment. HOW TO DO GARDENING We can use our leisure period by some productive work like gardening. To make a flower or vegetable garden at first we have to select a fertile piece of land where water does not stand. Then we have to plough the land well to make it suitable for sowing seeds or planting little seedlings in it. In the mean time we also have to remove all the unnecessary grasses from the land. Then we can sow seeds or plant seedlings of flower as we want. Then to protect the garden from, cattle, goats hens and naughty boys, we have to make a strong fence around the garden. And, to get good harvest from the garden we have to give times of one or two hours daily to take proper care of the garden. During gardening we have to make the soil loose and water the plants regularly. In this way we can make a good garden. This gardening not only refreshes our body but also keeps our mind sound. At last we can say that by gardening we can use our leisure or idle time in a useful way. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION An ambitious student aims at doing well in the examination. S/he always follows a strategy to achieve brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Students should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop their creativity. They should prepare their own notes which will help them avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. They should revise their lessons frequently. It is important for an examinee to check and double-check the dates and times of ensuing exams and be aware of carrying the necessary things along with to the examination hall. In the examination hall, students should go through the whole question paper before starting to write and take the mental preparation of attempting to answer all the questions. While having a glance at the question paper, it is better to underline the key words in the questions. Moreover, during answering ‘half way’ check is important to be in proper track. Care should be given to the hand writing so that it is legible to the examiner. By following aforesaid things, a student can comfortably reach his / her definite goal of success. HOW TO DO WELL IN THE EXAMINATION Every student tries to do well in the examination. There are certain things one must do and there are certain things one should avoid to make brilliant results. A student should study regularly right from the beginning of the school term. Regular work right from the very beginning makes one thorough. S/he should try to understand the lessons instead of cramming to develop creativity. S/he should not learn answers by rote taking from a common source. S/he should prepare her/his own notes which will help her/his to avoid giving almost the same answers in scripts. S/he should revise her/his lessons frequently. Again, a student has to have a fairly good command of the language to answer unexpected questions offhand. Besides, S/he should keep a diary and write a few pages on any topic to improve her/his writing skill. By understanding the lessons and regular reading and writing, a student can comfortably reach her/his definite goal of success HOW TO GREET A FRIEND A friend is a great blessing upon us. A friend usually expects from us good reception and good behaviour. Friendship which is a celestial relationship teaches us how to greet a friend. Accordingly, the greetings towards a friend usually come from the heart. When a friend comes to visit us, we should greet him cordially. We should give him a warm reception. At the commencement we can greet him with a bouquet of flowers. Our welcoming note should be sweet and loving. We should let him come and have his seat in our residence. We are to allow him feel relaxed and homely. When he gets his seat, he should be offered light refreshment. We should not have any sort of meanness to entertain him. We are to show such behaviour as he can consider himself one of the members of our family. We should introduce him to our parents and other members of the family. As the friend is guest to our residence, we should also give him enough time. We have to always look after him. Care has to be given so that he can’t feel shy or embarrassed in any situation. We have to be careful about his well-being till he is my guest. We should exchange our opinions freely. Above all, we have to give more and more care so that he may not get hurt in any situation. Thus we can greet a friend warm-heartedly. HOW TO HAVE A GOOD COMMAND IN ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English. HOW TO IMPROVE THE STANDARD OF ENGLISH English is regarded as the international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to enrich one’s capacity in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with out friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not fell shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can improve the standard of English. HOW TO KEEP FIT A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep fit. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep fit. HOW TO KEEP IN GOOD HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to keep in good health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everybody. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us to keep in good. HOW TO KEEP MY ROOM TIDY My room is like a temple to me. This is the place where I spend most of my time. Sometimes, my room is at sixes and sevens. The condition of the room makes me uncomfortable when I find my room in complete disarray. So, I always try to keep my room tidy. My room serves two purposes-----a reading room and a bed room. In order to make my room tidy, I have to manage some free time and become active. I collect a broom to sweep the room from one end to the other. I dump the dust and waste into a waste-paper basket. Sometimes, I mop the floor of the room to make it clean. The furniture are regularly cleaned. There are one reading table, one book-shelf, one chair and a bed. I put my books on the shelf. I keep my text books isolated from other books and magazines. On the small cane rack I keep all my magazines. On the table, there is a flower vase in which I regularly put some fresh flowers and it gives me a divine happiness. After my studies, I always set my table so that the books can be arranged well. I always keep my bed clean. It gives me a fresh feeling when I go to bed. In this way my room, which is my heaven, is kept neat and tidy. How to Learn English Learning and improving English is very essential and important in our life because today English is an international language. Now it dominates over all the languages of the globe. In the world, there is hardly any country where English is not taught, spoken and used. At present English is widely spoken and used almost every corner of the globe. In order to improve and learn English one has to develop four language skills like listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and speaking skills are important and useful means of acquiring a language.To develop listening skill one must listen to the radio and TV programs and news in English regularly. One has to listen or enjoy meetings. seminars, debating discussions and programmes in English. Besides, in order to improve listening skill, one should listen or enjoy the conversation of the English speaking people and listen to English news on TV and Radio regularly. In order to develop speaking skill, a student should speak with his teachers and classmates in English, participate in English debating competitions and speak loudly in English while he or she is alone To develop reading skill, a learner should read English news papers and magazines and English story books regularly. In order to develop writing skill, the learner should practise freehand writing on any topics. For this purse, he or she has to learn more new words daily and the rules of grammar. If a learn, practises in this way regularly he or she can learn and improve his knowledge over English. HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH English is regarded as an international language because of socio-political reasons. For better worldwide knowledge English should be learnt duly. One needs to follow certain things to have a good command in English fluently. First of all we should try to increase our vocabulary. We should read more and more English stories, novels, features, newspapers etc. Whenever we find an unfamiliar word, we should look up the word in the dictionary. Secondly we need to learn the method of sentence construction. Then we should try to think aloud in English. Besides, we should keep a diary and write a few pages everyday to improve English. We can communicate with our friends and relatives through writing letters in English. We should regularly listen to different English programmes, such as TV news and conversations among people. Again, we can arrange programmes like debate in English. Finally we should always keep in mind that we should not feel shy to speak in English among ourselves. Thus we can have a good command in English HOW TO LOOK FOR A BOOK IN A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. One may find difficulty in finding books in a library unless he knows the rules of borrowing and using the library books. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. This is the way through which one may look for a book in a library and find it easily. HOW TO MAKE A BURGER A burger is a kind of junk food. It is the combination of different food items with bun. It is not very difficult to make a burger. Food making a burger one has to arrange various nutritive food items such as lettuce, burger meat, tomatoes, sauce, cucumber, cheese, onions etc. At first the bun is cut into two halves------the upper half and the lower half. Secondly, a leaf of lettuce is spread on the lower half of the bun. Meanwhile, spices are mixed with grinded meat and the meat is to be fried. When the burger meat is ready, it is to be put on the lettuce. Then the slices of tomato, cucumber, onions and cheese are put on the meat one after one. For the better taste, a coating of butter and sauce can be smeared inside the bun. Next the upper half of the bun is to be put on the top. Finally a tooth pick is to be pierced from the top to bottom of the bun so that the ingredients can be stuck. In this way a burger is made. And the burger is ready to be served. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF TEA A cup of tea gives us vigour in the moment of dull and dreary. Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take some drinking water in a kettle and boil it for a few minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good as it can be. When the water is sufficiently boiled, it is to be poured into a tea-pot and a measure of tea-leaves is to pour into it. The measure depends on the quantity of water. The usual ratio is one tea-spoonful of tea-leaves to a cup of water and a tea-spoonful extra. Under no circumstances should the water be boiled after tea-leaves have been poured into it. The tea-leaves must be allowed to soak in the hot water for a few minutes or the liquor will be too weak. When the leaves have been allowed to soak in the water long enough, the tea liquor is prepared. Finally, it is poured through a strainer into a cup and milk and sugar are added to it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of milk according to one’s taste. And then a stimulating cup of tea is prepared to serve. HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN A flower garden is a place of heavenly beauty and serenity. In order to make a flower garden we should have a good planning. First of all, we have to select a suitable piece of land. Secondly, the fields should be ploughed properly to lose the soil. When it is done, we break the soil into small pieces. Then we use a leveller to level the ground. The field is to be weeded out. Next, the flower seeds or plants are sown in rows in the seed-bed. After a period of time, the tender plants are to be transplanted in the main ground. Sometimes we need to make shades on the tender flower plants so that the excessive heat cannot make any harm of the growing plants. Then after, we do the most vital thing that is to make a fence to protect the garden from the attack of cows, goats and other animals. Sometimes, it is necessary to dig a small drain for the easy flow of the water. In order to protect the plants from the attacks of various diseases, we should take care of them everyday. The gardening is completed here but the process goes for some more days as need to be vigilant for taking care of the plants. In a few days the garden is in full bloom of beautiful flowers. HOW TO OPEN A BANK ACCOUNT A bank account is a safeguard for any person for his evil days. Opening a bank account is quite easy. People who are thrifty and want to keep their money safe and secured, open an account with the bank. One has to maintain a certain procedure to open a bank account. There is a provision of an application form. First, the client or the account-opener has to fill in the form. Secondly, he or she has to be introduced by someone who has an account with that particular bank. The introducer must put his signature and write his address and account number in the relevant part of the application. Next, there is a signature card on which the client has to put his or her specimen signature and attach two passport size photographs. The photographs must be attested by the introducer. Then the account opener is given a deposit book and a withdrawal book. At last the client requires a reasonable amount of money to deposit for opening the account. Thus a person can easily open a bank account with the help of a bank manager or any other bank authority. How to plan for your future career planning and specialization is the motto of the present age. An aim is essential for every individual. A person with a fixed aim runs towards success. There is a proverb that a person without an aim is like a ship without a rudder. So it is necessary for every individual to have a proper plan for the future. Without a proper plan one cannot achieve any prosper in life. A planned life is full of success. On the other hand, a person who leads an unplanned life and who is negligent of the future can not touch the stair of success. Here we can mention the name of the farmers, Mr. Ant and Mr. Grasshopper. Mr. Ant was a laborious man. He planned for his future. According to his plan, he was very busy in his fields in the hot summer. As a result, he didn’t face any kind of food shortage in the winter. On the other hand, Mr. Grasshopper was in an adverse position. He was a very lazy man. He was thoughtless about his future and didn’t work hard in the summer. Due to his unplanned life, he had to face food shortage, while his friend Mr. Ant was enjoying his life. From the above discussion we can say that an unplanned life is full of sufferings. And without a proper plan a man’s life will become valueless. And to make a proper plan we need to concentrate on our surroundings. We need to know our lacking as well as our positive sides. Firstly, we need to know what we want to be in future. Secondly, we need to fix up our choice and work properly to attain success in our way of ascending. Thirdly, we need to be persistent on our plan like Mr. Grasshopper. And, following these steps we can earn success. HOW TO PLAY CRICKET Cricket is one of the popular games of the world. Cricket is very popular in Bangladesh also. It is played between two teams -- each consisting of eleven players. A large stretch of perfectly flat and smooth ground is necessary for this game. A cricket field must have a turf which has to be kept soft by means of watering. The wickets are pitched opposite and paralleled at a distance of 22 yards. Other requisites of the cricket game are two wooden bats, a ball and two sets of stumps. The umpire’s signal marks the beginning of the game and the bowler starts bowling. After every six balls the bowler’s over ends. The batsman saves the wickets against the ball bowled by a player of the opposite side. The fielders either catch or stop the ball. The wicket keeper stands just behind the wicket. The batsman hits the ball. He scores four runs for a boundary, six runs for an over boundary and a run for each change of place with his partner. The batsman cannot give a catch and leave the stamps unprotected. If he does so, he may be caught or stamped out or run out. The batsman may be out in many ways, such as ‘bowled out’, ‘run out’, ‘stumped out’, ‘caught out’, ‘leg before wicket out’ and ‘hit-wicket out’. Moreover fairness, which is the very essence of this game, is to be maintained. Following all these rules make the game a successful and exciting one. HOW TO PLAY FOOTBALL Football is one of the popular games in our country. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. HOW TO USE INTERNET Internet is the key media of the telecommunication system that spread out all over the world. Total combination of numerous tiny networks is called the Internet. Receiving and sending various types of information is the main function of the Internet. Before using the internet one must know how to use a computer. In using the internet one has to use particular software. Data move through Internet in packet form. The destination and address is involved with these packets, and accordingly, these packets reach the destination. By this time, these packets pass through mid level or regional network. If we click on the icon of browsing such as the Microsoft Explorer or Netscape Navigator we will automatically get logged on the Internet. Now we will find a space for writing the address of the web page we want to see. If we write the address we will get to see that page. We can also go to a search engine for finding a particular page or a piece of information. A search engine is a system through which we can search for information on web pages containing information. Yahoo and Microsoft Network are such engines. Through this way we will be able to look for our desired information on the Internet. The learning of the Internet system will positively bring good result in the fields of our education and business. We hope that all will enjoy this wonderful fruit of modern science in future. HOW TO USE A LIBRARY Library is a place where there are plenty of books to read or borrow. It is the store-house of knowledge where many ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions of many kinds are imprisoned in the block letters of the books. There are rules of using a library. Most libraries are arranged in a systematic way that makes it possible to locate any book quite easily. All of the books in a library are organised into categories or classes and then arranged alphabetically within their class. There are two systems for organising books in a library. One is called the Dewey Decimal System and the other is known as the library of the Congress System. Most of the libraries follow the Dewey Decimal System. Under this system, the books are grouped into ten major categories or subject areas. Each category is assigned a range of numbers and every book in the category is assigned its own special number within that number range. For example, Science is assigned numbers from 500 to 599. A particular science book can have a number such as 542.46 or 581.93. A science book would never have a number such as 800 or 200. The number that is assigned to a book is called ‘call number’. With the help of a call number one can easily find out a book in a library. Thus the books of a library are arranged in an orderly way and it helps the readers to use it conveniently. HOW TO PREPARE FOR A TOUR Tour is a part of education. It gives us first hand knowledge of the places through which we pass. It also brings us into contact with different people of different ways of life. The lessons we collect from a tour are more interesting and more effective than what we get from books. A tour helps us to dispel our monotony and renew our zeal for study. This is why tours are encouraged everywhere. Before making a tour one has to prepare for it. One is to remember not to make haste while preparing for the tour. First of all one needs to ensure about the tourist spot, transportation system, total cost etc. Then for personal packing one is to have a suitcase to carry everything. Dresses for the purpose are important. One should carry one’s personal usable things such as, brush, toothpaste. Camera is an essential thing which helps one to take all the important sights. A diary is also very essential during one’s visit. It may help one to note down everything one experiences. First aid arrangements are also to be carried for covering the security. Last but not the least one should carry a substantial amount of money for personal expenses. This is how one can prepare for a tour. HOW TO TAKE CARE OF HEALTH / PRESERVATION OF HEALTH A sound health in a sound mind is the root of all happiness. A man can maintain a sound health if he knows how to take care of health / preserve health. At first we should take a balanced diet. This balanced diet is to contain each item of food item in right proportion. A handsome breakfast is also important regarding this food habit. Secondly, we should take regular physical exercise according to the need of the body. Thirdly, we should take proper rest and sleep for the preservation of our health. We should be very particular about the bed-time and leaving the bed. Next emphasis should be given on cleanliness. We should follow the rules of cleanliness in every sphere of life. We must keep ourselves clean everyday. Then we should keep our surrounding areas clean. We must also be very much careful about having clean food and drink. Finally, we have to control our emotions for keeping away mental anxieties. These are the ways that help us take care of health / preserve health. HOW TO STAGE A DRAMA ON YOUR ANNUAL CULTURAL PROGRAMME Cultural programmes are the ground of building up the students in a balanced way. In a school every year the students arrange annual cultural programme. Staging a play is one of the activities of the cultural programme. In our school we arrange cultural programme every year. Accordingly this year we have arranged our annual cultural programme in our school premises. We, the students of class eight were selected to stage a drama in this programme. First of all we discussed with our cultural teacher, Mr. Amin regarding the playing on a drama. We selected the drama ‘Kabar’ by Munir Chowdhury. The teacher approved it and helped us a lot by giving us advice. Some of us were selected to take part in the drama. We rehearsed the drama for some days before staging it. Just before the scheduled day a stage was erected in the school auditorium. In the meantime, all the students of the school and the honourable guardians and teachers were invited. On the particular day the spectators took their place before the performance. At the fixed time the drama started. The participants performed well in the drama. At the end of the play we were greeted with applause. The Chief Guest and the Headmaster praised us with high admiration. The next day our fellow mates appreciated us and thanked us a lot for presenting them a drama on our annual cultural programme. HOW WE CAN HELP OUR FAMILY Family is an institution in which a person is born, grown up and he passes his life. Our family is the provider of all sorts of comforts and facilities towards us. All our sorrows and anxieties are erased by the soft touch of the family members. This family consists of our father, mother, brother and sisters. Here we all share our joys and sorrows. Similarly we can share our responsibilities. We can co-operate our family by extending our helping hands. Our parents are busy all day long for our comforts and well-being. In case of our household chores, we can help our mothers. We can help mother prepare our food, wash clothes, dust the furniture. We can make our bed by myself. Before or after having meal, we can set the tables, wash the dishes and other utensils. Sometimes we can wipe the floors of the house for maintaining the cleanliness. When our father comes back from work, we can offer him food. While our mothers are busy with their work, we can look after our younger brothers and sisters. We can also go shopping, run errands for the family. Moreover, we have to carry on with our studies regularly and maintain our health properly so that our parents need not worry about us. By following all these things we can help our family to a great extent. HOW TO WRITE ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SCRIPTS Writing answers in the answer scripts may be an awful experience. However, a little organisation and discipline will help remove this fear. First, when the answerscripts are distributed, we must write down every detail (name, roll number, registration number, subject, subject code, name of the board) on the first page. Second, when the question paper is handed out we must give it a thorough reading. Then we should select and tick those questions for answering which we have learnt well. Next we should answer the questions one by one according to our choice. Then gradually we take up the questions which are less easy. Thus, in answering scripts we should follow an easy-do-difficult method. We should also be very careful of time and our handwriting. Moreover, we should answer all the questions in full, that is, we should leave no question unanswered. We should write offhand using our instant creations in case of answering uncommon questions. In writing answer scripts, we have to bear in mind that the answers should be in short and precise language. Besides, the answers must always be to the point. After writing all the answers, we should revise them whether we have to forgotten to write any major point or done any sort of mistake. Maintaining all these things, a student is sure to achieve a good result in the examination. HOW TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution. Air pollution and water pollution are the main factors which contribute to the pollution of our environment. All things that produce heavy smoke pollute air. Railway engines, mills and factories and power houses use coal and oil. Buses, trucks and cars use petrol and diesel. This air pollution causes pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Again water is polluted in many ways. Farmers use chemical fertilisers and insecticide in their lands to grow more food. The rain and floods wash away some of the chemicals. They get mixed with canal water and river water. Mills and factories pollute water by throwing the waste materials into the rivers and canals. Steamers, launches and even sail boats pollute water by throwing oil, food waste and human waste into the big canals and rivers. Unsanitary latrines in the countryside standing on the banks of the rivers and canals also pollute water. This water pollution causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. To prevent this pollution we must take some steps. The government must be active as well as the common people should come forward to resolve this problem. Mills and factories must be set in particular places. Industrial wastes cannot be thrown here and there. Dumping of oil in the water must be stopped. Unsanitary latrines cannot be set beside river or canal. Overuse of chemical fertilizer must be stopped. Last but not the least, we must plant more and more trees to prevent environment pollution. HOW TO PREVENT DIARRHOEA Diarrhoea is a common disease in our country. It is an epidemic. When people are attacked by diarrhoea, they suffer from the deficiency of water, which is called dehydration. Diarrhoea spreads through contaminated food and water. So drinking unsafe water or eating contaminated food causes diarrhoea. People attacked by diarrhoea feel thirsty and suffer from malnutrition. If this situation continues, the patient gradually grows weaker. Sometimes the condition becomes so fatal; it even causes the patient death. To recover from illness, primarily rehydration mixture is prescribed to the patients. Along with the oral saline, patients are advised to take all types of food items regularly. To prevent diarrhoea people should drink safe water, eat fresh food and keep the environment safe and healthy. They should wash hands with soap or ash before eating and after using the toilet. Using sanitary latrine is indispensable for keeping the environment healthy. Above all, Maintenance of cleanliness is a must for a patient of diarrhoea. HOW TO MAKE A SCHOOL GARDEN A school garden is a beautiful sight. It adds to the beauty of a school. A school garden may be in front of a school or behind it. Generally a teacher of a school is in charge of the garden. He helps and guides the students. The students with the help of teachers and advisers first choose a suitable piece of land for a school garden. To prepare the land, they use different tools namely spade, hoe, rose leveller etc. They dig deep into the soil and prepare it for sowing different seeds. After sowing the seeds when the seedlings grow up they make the soil loose and pull out weeds and put fertiliser on it. And finally they water the garden and put up a fence around it to keep cattle out of it and grow different kinds of flowers and vegetables. Then the students make their own school garden. As for instance, here we can refer to the class 8 students of Nurpur High School and how they made their own school garden. One day some students of Class 8 looked out of their classroom window. They found a piece of fallow school land. They thought that they could make a garden on that fallow land. Accordingly they told Mr. Anis, the general science teacher about their idea. They told him that they would grow flowers and vegetables on a piece of school land. Mr. Anis liked the idea. The Headmaster also agreed with Mr. Anis with the result that they got a piece of land for making a garden. And they started their works on the land. Using different tools they prepared the land properly for gardening and they finally grew more beautiful flowers and lovely vegetables in the garden. The garden increased the beauty of their school and they felt proud of it. In fine, we may say that a school garden is a source of joy to the students. It develops their creative powers. It does not hamper their studies because they work during leisure and after school. THE INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY The International Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8th March every year since 1914. It is an event marked by struggle around the world, an important occasion everywhere in the world. This date designated in many countries as a national holiday is also commemorated at the United Nation. The idea of the International Women’s Day first arose at the turn of the nineteenth century. There is disparity between men and women in the society. Women are always deprived of various rights and opportunities. It is necessary to make awareness among the people, especially women of the world on this issue. This is because if people are conscious, women will be able to enjoy more rights and facilities at every walk in the society. This is why the International Women’s Day is observed throughout the world proclaiming equality, justice, peace and solidarity. On 18th March, 1914 the women of all the European countries except Russia held rallies either to protest the First World War as part of the peace movement or to express solidarity with their sisters. Increasingly the International Women’s Day is a time to reflect on progress made to call for change and to celebrate acts of bravery and determination by ordinary women who have played an extra-ordinary role in the history of women’s rights. On this day, women of our country bring out procession, hold rallies, meetings and seminars. This is why the day is observed in Bangladesh. J BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of foo d do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. So, before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. BAD EFFECTS OF EATING JUNK FOOD ‘Junk food’ is food that has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places where junk food is served. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realise the hazards their health is exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetising. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is such a kind of food which has been produced for its pungent taste. It does not have any food value. It looks very appealing and attractive to everybody but it is not good for health. It often contains added chemicals which make it's taste soothing but it is unhealthy. It also contains a lot of animal fat or sugar so that they may become tasty. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes a biscuits are all junk foods and are rich in animal fats. When we eat a large amount of fat, our bodies turn them into fatty tissues which are harmful for our health. On the contrary, sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. Our skin and teeth are damaged owing to taking a large amount of sugar. As Junk food lacks in the vitamins and minerals, we should avoid it. Home made food is usually prepared from chemical free ingredients like fresh fruits, vegetables and other items. It contains a healthy balanced of nutrients as such vitamins, minerals etc. So we should take sufficient home made food to keep sound health. Junk Food Food lacking nutritional balance is called junk food that does not form part of a well-balanced diet, especially highly processed, high-fat snack items eaten in place of or in addition to regular meals Many processed foods not only contain high levels of added simple sugars, they also tend to be high in fat and lacking in the vitamins and minerals found naturally in complex carbohydrates. Nutritionists often refer to such processed foods as junk foods and say that they provide only empty calories, meaning they are loaded with calories from sugars and fats but lack the essential nutrients our bodies need. It has been produced for its pungent taste rather than for its health value. Junk food is gaining popularity very rapidly amongst the youngsters. It is regarded as a symbol of modernity to go to places which serve junk food. Perhaps, most youngsters who consume this type of food do not realize the hazards their health is being exposed to. Very often, this junk food is prepared unhygienically, using contaminated water and cheap cooking oil. Fine flour which is used for preparing this food is both harmful for the digestive system and makes the body bulky. It has very little nutritive value. Further, it spoils the skin, leading to unsightly eruptions. It often contains added chemicals which make it taste soothing but are unhealthy. It usually contains a lot of animal fat or sugar. Foods like chips, burgers, crisps, cakes, biscuits, are high in animal fats. Sweets and fizzy drinks like cola and lemonade are high in sugar. When we eat a large amount of fat our bodies turn them into fatty issue, and a large amount of sugar can damage our teeth and skin. Junk food lacks the vitamins and minerals we need. All those who are health conscious should switch to fresh fruits and vegetables which contain all the nutrients in the right amount and are easy to digest. Hygienically prepared homemade food can be equally appetizing. Thus before one reaches out for that mouth-watering junk food, one should restrain oneself and consider for a while the harmful effects of junk food. Junk Food Junk food is one of the cooked harmful food. Now it has become very popular in our country too. Junk food is a food which is made for its pungent taste but it has no food value. People usually take junk food for its pungent taste. The food is lovely looking but does not benefit to our body whereas it does a great harm to our body. It often contains added harmful chemicals and a lot of animal fat or sugar. Junk food lacks in vitamins and minerals which are very needful to health. The high amount of sugar in junk food damages our teeth. The junk food containing high amount of animals fat forms fatty tissue in our body and it harms our skin seriously. Food items such as chips, cakes, biscuits, burgers, sweets and cold drinks are junk food. Our school and college-going children and young people are seen taking or having junk food with much leisure. Since junk food contains no element of the balanced food we should Old having/ talking it. Rice. fish. khichuri and vegetables are the principal home made food. They contain all the elements of the balanced food which are good for health. So, we should eat home made food regularly for building up and maintaining sound health. Our children should be discouraged taking junk food. Besides, the danger of junk food should be broadcast in the newspaper on TV screen and in the radio widely. A JOURNEY BY PLANE I had a chance to make a journey by plane from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appeared to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my journey by plane came to an end and I was again on mother earth. K KEEPING A DIARY A diary is a book used for a daily record of events, thoughts, appointments etc. It is really difficult to remember everything of life as there is a limit to our memory. So, in a diary one may record all that happen in a day. A diary supplies information when one means to write a biography, or an autobiography. Again, one may record some thoughts or ideas in a diary which, later on, one may use in his literary works. It is, in this sense, a store-room in miniature, of one’s personal affairs. In it the minute details of a life can be seen preserved. So keeping a diary is a good practice. A diary is of great use to all classes of people. It helps a student to make a periodical survey of the work he has done. The diary is a valuable reference book of life. It enables us to look back. Whenever our memory gets dim or uncertain, we can resolve our doubts by turning to its pages. We can review that past with the sober eye of experience and draw lessons for the future. A diary is an interesting family record too. A diary makes interesting and instructive reading for us and others as well. So, keeping and writing a diary is a very good job. L Load Shedding: A paucity of power generation Load shedding has become a very common affair in our daily life these days. Th e people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. In the modern world electricity plays a very important role in regulating our life. Any interruption in the supply of this vital item of energy can put the whole system out of order and simultaneously can paralyse our daily activities. In our country there is hardly any area which is not affected by load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and when we distribute electricity wrongly. It creates many problems of far-reaching consequences in the economic and social development of the country. Most of the mills and factories become idle and for this reason industrial production declines and workers are retrenched. Social works and activities cannot go in order. Students cannot study properly because of the failure of electricity. During load shedding they are to study in dim candlelight. The housewife gropes in the darkness in the kitchen. The shops are to close down before the closing time. Spectators in the cinema hall spend hours in stuffy suffocation for load shedding. All types of productions stop and the entire life comes to a standstill during the period of load shedding. So, proper steps should be taken to stop load shedding. By establishing more power plants, power houses and by stopping unplanned distribution of electricity, illegal connection and reducing system loss, we can solve this problem. LOAD SHEDDING Load shedding is a word that has been added to our terminology in recent years. Load shedding means a temporary power cut. Nowadays it has assumed a serious proportion. It is now prolonged, frequent, widespread and without any method or system. This nuisance of load shedding hits hard all ----- students, factory workers, office-goers, professional people and even housewives and little babies. The supply of electricity cannot keep pace with its increasing demand. So, power, that is, electricity has to be temporarily cut. As a result, large areas remain dark for hours without electricity. During such load-shedding, many areas of a big city are engulfed at night in darkness. People sweat without fans, patients cannot be X-rayed or operated in hospitals. Radio and television become dead. Trade and industry become almost paralysed and production is badly hampered. The worker loses his wages just as the management suffers losses. The causes of load-shedding are known to us. With the grown of towns, cities and industries, more electricity will be consumed. So, new power stations must be set up and the old machinery should be replaced in time. More care should also be taken for the proper maintenance of the existing installations. Load Shedding Temporary absence of supply of electricity to a particular area is called 'Load Shedding'. Nowadays it has become a daily occurrence in cities and suburbs. There is hardly any area which is not affected by it. Cinema halls, houses, shops, factories, hospitals, markets, night schools, colleges and other parts, of a locality are badly affected by it. The industrial areas are affected for the time being. Production is hampered due to failure of electricity. Even operation stops in hospitals due to load shedding. The students can not prepare themselves for their examinations due to failure of electricity. Thieves and pick-pockets freely prowl in the streets and locality. That is, it greatly affects the domestic, social and economic life of Bangladesh. It should not be allowed to continue in such a way. This unbearable situation is bound to continue unless proper actions are taken to prevent it. So, the Government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check the real cause of load-shedding as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. LOAD SHEDDING In modern day-to-day life, load shedding has become an indispensable part. The people living in the areas supplied with electricity are quite familiar with the term load shedding. Load shedding means the discontinuation of supply of electricity. Load shedding occurs when generation of power is less than the demand and also for unplanned distribution of electricity. And it creates problems of far reaching consequences in the socio-economic development of a country. Houses, mills, factories, industries, shops, hospitals all fall a victim to it. The running mills, factories and industries come to a stand still. Domestic life becomes painful. The housewives grope in the darkness in the kitchen. The sufferings of the students due to load shedding beggar description. They suffer in their study, straining their eyes in dim candle light. The patients also suffer terribly for load shedding. Even operation stops in hospital for load shedding. The food kept in the refrigerators gets rotten. The commodities preserved in cold storage get spoiled. In fact, load shedding causes great sufferings to the people and an irrepairable loss to the country. The entire life --- domestic and industrial ---- comes to a dead halt. For the proper development of country this sector should be given priority above all sectors. So the government should think over the matter deeply and take necessary steps to check it as early as possible. Power-cut (Load-shedding) Bangladesh is a small and developing country. which faces a lot of major problems. Of them, power-cut is very acute and frightful in our land. Load-shedding means the sudden disconnection (failure) of the supply of electricity for a short period in a particular area. It usually occurs in cities, towns, industrial and remote areas. But it is very acute (,8u) in. industrial and remote areas. Today it has become one of the most alarming problems in Bangladesh because it occurs many times in an area in a day. The causes of load-shedding are many in our country. Less production of electricity than the demand is the root cause of power-cut. Illegal connection of electricity is another root cause of it. Illiteracy is mainly liable for this severe problem. Population explosion and social unawareness (AINIF" are also severely responsible for load-shedding in Bangladesh. Our old grade electric plants cause this problem drastically. Load-shedding hampers production in mills and factories tremendously It also hinders our agriculture drastically. Power-cut disturbs houses, shops, offices, banks, hospitals and clinics etc. Load-shedding curves -4-.qck) our social and national development activities and efforts. The students close their books and sit in idle during power-cut. So it is a great curse to them. The old power plants should be replaced. Illegal connection must be stopped, illiteracy must be removed from the society and public awareness should be raised in order to lessen power‑cut. Population explosion must be controlled with iron hand. Our development plans and programmes will not be successful unless we can check load-shedding properly. The value of honesty and sincerity should be taught. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. Libraries are a necessity for all people who boasts of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation. A LIBRARY A library is a collection of books on various subjects. The word ‘library’ is derived from the Latin word ‘libre’ which means a book. But in actual use a library means a house where books are kept for use by the readers. Libraries are of two kinds, private or personal and public. A personal library is an individual affair, and is maintained by a person’s own money for his own use. The collection of books is made according to his tastes and requirements. Public libraries are often attached to educational institutions. Every school or college has a library maintained by its authorities. Both the students and the teachers use books from this library. A librarian and some assistants are appointed to help the teachers and the students in choice of books. Some large public libraries are independent institutions. They are maintained and financed by public donation and subscription. There are national libraries like the Public Library of Dhaka and British Council. They are very large and they contain books on various subjects. A library is a necessity for all people who boast of some culture. A library helps the spread of knowledge and culture among the people. It leads to the intellectual progress of a nation LIFE IN A BIG CITY City life is a pleasant to the rich people. They can enjoy all sorts of comforts in town. In a big city the rich people have colleges and schools for higher education. Doctors, nurse and hospitals are available in town. There is a good facility for trades, commerce and industry in town. Most of the people have source of earning. There are clubs all libraries which one can join as member, and cinemas that one can enjoy for joy and pleasure. There is also good communication in a big city. But city life is not free from defects. Life in a big city is complex and difficult. It makes people more or less complex. People in town are always busy with their own affairs and no time to look after another. Big city is rather nasty with it dust, filth and boat smell. Vehicles play constantly in town. Accidents occur here every now and then. Cheats, pick-pockets, hijackers are abundant in town. Even all necessary things are available in town. We need for culture, education and amusement. So, we should try to eliminate the disadvantages of city life and this is nothing impossible to do. THE LIBERATION WAR The Liberation War of Bangladesh took place in 1971. The war lasted for nine months. The war was a protest of the freedom-loving people of this country against the attack of the Pakistani soldiers. When the war broke out, Samira was only three years old. She cannot remember much about it. Her cousin, Laila couldn’t remember anything because she was only two years old then. But Mrs. Dewan, Samira’s mother can remember much. She tells the children one particular event. There were lots of shouts and bangs outside one night. Samira wanted to look out, but they didn’t let her as it was very dangerous. In fact, all the members of the family hid under the bed out of fear. The next day, they left their village and went to Laila’s village. They stayed with her family for two or three months. The Liberation War was a fierce one. But it was a glorious time also. Everyone wanted to do something for the country. In the war about thirty lacs of people laid down their lives. Their sacrifice didn’t go in vain. After nine month’s fierce fighting our freedom fighters became victorious. We got independence on the 16th December, 1971. LIFE IN A CITY Life in a city has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of living in a big city are many. The city dwellers enjoy certain facilities and comforts which the villages lack. They have got well-lighted streets and roads. They have transports and houses with all modem facilities. There are also fine shops here and there. They have got modem hospitals for their treatment. They can have also all kinds of social amusements. Further, they can get the best education at schools, colleges and universities. They can go to public libraries, museums, art galleries and so on to stimulate their minds. But city life has some drawbacks too. Life in a city lacks of a strong bond of fellow feeling. The rapid life, the foul and smoky atmosphere often tell upon the health and shorten a man's life. Lastly, city life is more or less artificial. Most of the time real pleasure of life is absent here. M A Moonlit Night: An eternal resource of beauty A moonlit night really comes to us as a dream of enchanting beauty and eternal source of joy that stimulate our mind spontaneously. It offers a very charming view. If anybody enthusiastically wants to enjoy a moonlit night, he will see that it is just a thing of beauty and joy that he has never enjoyed. In the daylight some scenes are beautiful and others may not be so, but the same scene in the soft light of the moon looks beautiful as a poet’s dream of fairyland. As forests, houses, rivers and buildings all such manmade or natural objects are beautiful by day, all these things are more beautiful at night. They look something extraordinary and something more in a moonlight night than our rigid reality. The scenic beauty of a river or an ocean in a moonlit night can better be enjoyed than described. It has a magical power of transporting us to a land of beauty and imagination and to arouse in us a centre feeling to sing in tune with the poet. With the fragrance of different flowers, the moonlight can overwhelm the poets’ mind even the mind of the general. When the moon winks in the sky and gradually spreads her soft and alluring light, we cannot but lose ourselves in the tide of mind’s stimulation. Poets write their poems with the enthusiasm of atmospheric setting and lovers and couples gossip forgetting their time-pass. Patients and fragile people can get new life in the new atmosphere of the moonlit night. So, a moonlit night is indeed a great achievement for us all deliberating her influence on human mind. Role of media In general, “media” refers to various means of communication channels through which news , entertainment, education , data , or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers , magazines , TV, radio, billboards , direct mail , telephone , fax, and internet . In the world of today, media has become as necessary as food and clothing. It has played significant as well as influential role in strengthening the society and making the world a global village. Media is considered as “mirror” of the modern society. The purpose of the media is to inform people about current, new affairs and to tell about the latest gossip and fashion. It also helps to form opinions and make judgements regarding various issues. It has become one way of trading and marketing of products and prejudices. It keeps people updated and informed about what is happening around them and the world. Media can be considered as “watch dog” of political democracy. It serves to reduce the communication gap between the audience, viewers and the media world. For the sake of publicity and selling, important figures, their lifestyles are usually targeted. But unfortunately, media these days has become a commercialized sector. Media has had a bad effect on a generation, mainly because, teenagers and children are strongly influenced by media. The media affects people’s perspective. I believe, if the media identifies its responsibility and work sincerely and honestly, and then it can serve as a great force in building the nation. Microcredit finance Microcredit, also called micro banking or microfinance, a means of extending credit, usually in the form of small loans with no collateral, to nontraditional borrowers such as the poor in rural areas. This approach was institutionalized in 1976 by Muhammad Yunus , an American-educated Bangladeshi economist who had observed that a significant percentage of the world’s population has been barred from acquiring the capital necessary to rise out of poverty. There are about 800 micro finance institutions in Bangladesh with a total membership of 7 million. The cumulative disbursement by these institutions since there is estimated at Tk. 44 billion. It is estimated that they have made employment of 54000 people. It has many positive effects on socio economic variables. Apart from providing loan to the rural woman it creates employment opportunities, eradicates poverty, and raises consciousness. It also emphasizes children’s schooling, nutrition and family planning. Borrowing by women particularly improved the nutritional status both male and female children. Consumption by 5 percent of the programme participants increased to the point that their households rose above the poverty line. These findings about the importance of micro credit in poverty reduction have been substantiated by other studies both in Bangladesh and in other countries. My Dream A dream is a succession of images , ideas , emotions , and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep . The people of our country are still not free rather sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. They live on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. Even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream deeply rooted in the Bengali dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal. One day the sons of former slaves and slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. The heat of injustice and oppression will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Our children will live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. We will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. Then we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. And if Bangladesh is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the North to South and from East to West, from every hill, mountainside and molehill of Bangladesh. And when this happens, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s creation, poor men and rich men, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the human spiritual. A Moon-lit Night A night of full moon in a bright sky is called a moon-lit night. At night, the moon appears on the eastern horizon. The whole world seems to smile. That is, it produces an unspeakable magic spell on all objects, rivers, trees, buildings, large corn-fields and mountains. When the silvery light of the moon falls on the steady water of a river, it looks like rippling silver lace. Trees, hedges etc. seem to wear a bright green garment. It is really impossible to draw an open picture of the beauty of a moonlit night. Men move about from here to there. Even the birds come out of their nests and fly from hither to thither. In the village, children play different amusing games in the open fields. The moon allures the mind. The magic spell of the moon affects all young and old. The moonlit night is dear to the lovers of beauty. In fact, the charming scene of a moon-lit night beggars description. A MOONLIT NIGHT A moonlit night is really charming and enjoyable. It presents a beautiful sight. It dazzles our eyes and soothes our heart. In a moonlit night the moon looks like a disc of silver. The moon bathes the whole world with her silvery light. The watery places mean canals; rivers and tanks seem to smile on a moonlit night. The grand spectacles that the canals, rivers and tanks present cannot be described in words. The whole nature looks bright and appears in celestial light. People of all age enjoy a moonlit night. Young boys play and little boys and girls make merriments and amuse themselves. A moonlit night is really enjoyable to a newly married couple. Men and women of middle ages cannot come out of doors. They pass some hours in gossiping and story telling and enjoy the night. Poets of all languages sing highly of a moonlit night. Even lower animals come out at night and little insects also fly here and there. A moonlit night is pleasant and fine indeed. A MOONLIT NIGHT A night enlightened by moonbeam is called a moonlight night. This is a thing of beauty and joy. So it is pleasing to all. During this time the moon gives soft silvery rays on every object of nature like rivers, trees, buildings, mountains, fields and what not. This beauty is surely unspeakable. Shelly himself has described it as a “white fire”. The beauty of it reaches its peak when it is in full moon. During this time every creature gets cheerful. It is worth enjoying in the villages. Here children feel like playing in the open fields or courtyard. Most of the birds come out of the nests. Housewives sing folk songs in chorus. Tired mother and grandmother lie on the mat in the green yard in a moonlit night. Poets of all countries get the subject matter to write poetry during this time. Even the beasts come out of their folds and run to and fro. Since all the creatures enjoy themselves on a moonlit might, it loses its dullness and becomes as glorious as a day A Moon-lit Night A moon-lit night is a wonderful blessing among the gifts of nature. A moon-lit night is a night when the full moon appears in the sky at night. The night is really enjoyable and impressive to all sections of people, high and low. It assumes a matchless sight in a moon-lit night. The moon looks like a bright dish of silver in a moon-lit night. The moon shines brightly on every object of tile nature. Every object of the nature such as rivers, canals, seas, oceans, ponds, fields, trees, houses, buildings, hills, mountains etc. seem to smile on a moon-lit night. People of all ages and classes enjoy the moon-lit night very much. Young boys and girls play out-door games and children run about in the open field. A newly married couple (lip) also comes out of the doors with a view to enjoying the matchless beauty of the moon-lit night. Even grown up people do no to to bed without enjoying the charming sight of the night. Both men and women J all ages pass hours and hours in gossiping, telling stories and playing out door games on the joyful night. Poets enjoy the night very much. Birds and animals come out of their sheds and nests to enjoy the beauty of the night. Little insects fly here and there on the night. The moon-lit night removes the monotony of the day's hard works. It reminds us the wonderful creative power of the Creator. A life can not be happy and decent without enjoying a moon-lit night. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. My Favourite Sportsman My favourite sportsman is Ronaldoo. Every conscious person is fond of sports and games. So even• sports loving person has a favourite sportsman. I am a student. I love playing and watching sports and games. I arri very much fond of football. Ronaldoo is about 32. He was born in Brazil. azil. He is a strong bodied young man. He has smiling face. He is very co-operative, disciplined punctual and sympathetic. He is very polite and gentle in nature. He is a world-wide popular football player. Really he plays football very artfully and wonderfully. He is very respectful to the rules of the play-ground and the referee. He never makes any foul with other players and disobeys the referee. So, he has gained an uncommon name' and fame all over the world for his fair play. He earns a lot but he spends the money to improve the lot of the helpless and the street children. Brazil won the world cup in 2006 by dint of his unparallel performance. The football lovers ate highly impressed (W) watching his wonderful perfonance. He has been football for about 15 years. Really, we are proud of the world famous football player. The Teacher I like Best An ideal teacher is one of the most important and invaluable assets of a society or a country. He can build-up, change and reform a society or a nation according to his own dream and philosophy (N,% a T4"- I have got many good teachers. Mr. Abdur Rasheed is my favourite teacher of all. He comes of an educated Muslim family at Durgapur, Ashugonj, B. Baria. He is an English teacher. He is about 54. He is a B. Com. B-Ed. He has some special qualities . He is well-educated, well-experienced well-trained up, well-behaved and well‑dressed. He is very dutiful, responsible, punctual, persevering kind, Sociable,amiable polite, gentle, friendly, co-operative, helpful and sympathetic He is always truthful and cheerful . He is never rude to none. He is always cheerful. His teaching method is very nice. He has/possesses a good command over English. His voice is very sweet and clear. He always makes any lesson very interesting. easy and simple to his students. We never feels bored in his class . He always maintains discipline strictly and he teaches us the value of discipline and the importance of a good moral character which is the best ornament of our life . He advises us to be an ideal citizen (wTPF-4 He never thinks of his own comfort and happiness. Such an ideal teacher is seldom found in society. He is my best teacher, guide and friend. MAY DAY May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six hers and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world came true. MAY DAY The fact that workers had it tough in the early years of the American Industrial revolution is widely taught in schools. Sixteen-hour workdays in dangerous conditions, child labour, exploitation and accidents were common. Then magically everything became better in a civilised, twentieth century. May Day is the force to bring about this change all over the world. May Day is a red-letter day. May 1st, the International Workers Day, commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world. This day is recognised in most countries. All the privileges today workers enjoy including a minimum wage, safety laws and eight-hour workday, came about due to the sacrifice of the workers in 1886. From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution people in factories have worked very long shifts, lasting up to fourteen or even more hours a day. In the 1880s a new movement calling for an eight hour day inspired both Labour Unions and unorganised workers. It is 1880s workers demanding humane treatment; it is men and women around the world marching in solidarity against the factory owners who would have them work all day, every day but Sunday. On May 3, 1886, police fired into a crowd of strikers at the McComick Harvest Machine Company, Chicago, killing at least one striker, seriously wounding five or six others and injuring an undetermined number. The events of May Day 1886 is a reminder that workers will continue to be exploited until they stand up and speak out to gain better working conditions, better pay and better lives. May Day is the day when the workers asked only for bread and a shortening of the long hours of toil. The agitators gave them visions; the police gave them clubs. But it could not resist the revolt of the demonstrators. And finally the long cherished dream of the workers all over the world gradually came true. May Day May Day is one of the most important and significant days of the year. Every year May 1 is observed as the International Workers' Day throughout/ across the world. May Day is observed as a public holiday all over the world. It is a glorious day to the working section of people across the world. May Day is observed demanding the due rights of the working classes of people. May Day reminds us the great dedication of -some heroic workers who dedicated their lives for the greater interest of the working classes of people in Chicago in the year of 1886. The background bf May Day is very painful Before May 1, 1886 the working people had to work for long hours but could not get their due wages and facilities. At first, workers in the city of Chicago demanded for 8 hours working period and other facilities. The then capitalist government wanted to stop their movement . On May 1, 1886 police fired upon the procession of the workers . One. worker was killed and some were wounded. After raising the flame of protest on May 1 in 1886, today all classes of working people enjoy 8 hour working period, job security Pi-qt") and other facilities. On this day workers hold meetings and take out processions demanding their rights. On May Day workers get inspiration from the great sacrifice of the Martyrs of 1886 to be united and fight for their demand in order to lead a decent and successful life. *MORNING WALK Walking in the morning is very good for health. One can enjoy the fresh air of the morning and remain fresh the whole day by making a habit of walking in the cool hours of the morning. By leaving the bed early one can come in contact with the outside world in its impressive mood including the flowers, trees, ponds, lakes, birds and insects. People from all walks of life can enjoy the benefits of morning walk. Morning walk is very good for those people who remain awfully busy in their offices. This is also very good for diabetic patients. In our society there are many people who cannot get up early and prepare them for morning walk. It is very natural those people who go to bed late at night cannot get up from bed early in the morning. They are very unfortunate in the sense that they fail to avail the benefits of morning walk in their lives. By taking morning walk we can remain fresh and energetic both physically and mentally and accomplish our various duties efficiently. It relieves our tensions and keeps us cool in the face of busy working days. A Morning Walk There are a good number of good habits of a man's life. A morning walk is one of them. It is also a good form of exercise. A life can't be happy. decent. comfortable, long and successful without a morning walk. Both the young and the old man can walk at morning. A morning walk is suitable before sun-rise. The duration of a morning walk varies from person to person. The young person walks at morning for a long period but the old person or the weak person walks for a short period. The morning air is fresh and cool. It is free from pollution. Only the person walking at morning can inhale pure air. The fresh morning air refreshes both his body and mind. At morning the nature looks matchless beautiful. So a man who walks at morning can enjoy the real beauty of the nature and hear the sweet chirping of the birds. It is that walking at morning is very useful to health. It makes a man cheerful, strong and healthy. It removes the monotony of the routine works/life. It keeps a man disease free. A man walking at morning regularly leads a happy and long He is successful in every work. So in order to make life successful and fruitful one should cultivate this good habit from early life. Mobile Phone Or, The Uses of Mobile,Phone (cNlifkai Or, The Importance of Mobile Phone Mobile Phone is one of the most wonderful and useful inventions/ blessings of modern science. Modern science has made possible what was impossible yesterday. Mobile phone is a great success of science. It has opened a new door in the field of communication. It is the most up-to-date means of communication and correspondence. It has saved time and shortened distance. We can send to and receive any information from any corner of the world in a second by sitting at home. The use of mobile phone is easier, cheaper than telephone, telex, telegram, wireless, fax and E-mail. The number of users of mobile phone is increasing day by day in our developing country too. All sections of people are benefited by using mobile phone. Mobile phone is very essential to businessmen, traders, doctors. teachers, high officials, lawyers, service holders, shopkeepers and fisherman. This wonderful invention has mobilized the world business and the process of globaDzation wonderfully. It also plays an important role in promoting co-operation and brotherhood among the different nations of the world. There are m networking systems in mobile phone like NWD and ISD. NWD system is used across the country and ISD is used world-wide. Mobile is not free from its defects. It may damage our hearing and brain. It is harmful to pregnant women owing to its strong radiation. It is ;#great source of wastage of money of a family. The criminal activities have been increased wonderfully owing to mobile phone. However, mobile phone does a great good service to us. MOBILE PHONE A mobile phone is a cellular phone that does not have wires. It works 11%, radio system. it can he carried and used anywhere. Nowadays, there is no need to have a cable connection to converse with others. It is mobile phone through which we can contact with our friends and relatives. There is variety of it. Some of them cover wide range and some of them are short ranged. It is now available throughout our country. The remarkable mobile companies are Grameen Phone, Aktel, Bangla Link and Citycell. Many people are using them for their necessity and many are doing just for fashion. Having no income, just for status only, many people use mobile phones. People of all classes and sectors use it. Its price is not so. high. Now an ordinary mobile phone costs five to six thousand taker only. For instant communication, mobile phone is matchlessly beneficial to us. The children are affected much. Using cellular phone is also harmful to the pregnant women. It is also helping to increase terrorist activities. Many young students are using it. It is a great loss of money of their guardians and a great blow to their future. So we should use mobile phone according to necessity. THE TEACHER I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. My Last Birthday Party 22nd May is the date of my birth. I celebrate my birthday every year. On the last 22nd May, my birth day party was arranged at our residence in 1/5/2, Mirpur, Dhaka. Then I was 15 years old. Some of my friends and relatives were invited to the party. My father bought me nice dress while my mother made a huge birthday cake. The young boys and girls including my younger brothers and sisters enjoyed themselves. They ate, laughed, sang and chatted. They had their photographs taken. At about 4:00 p.m. different dishes of delicious food were placed on the dining table. The drawing room was neatly decorated with colorful papers and balloons. I put on the new dress. All my friends attend the party. They stood around the table. I smiled merrily and cut the birthday cake amidst joy and happiness. My friends and younger brothers and sisters began to sing, Happy birthday to you”. Then they ate the foods prepared. Cameras brought by my guests and friends went on clicking. My friends and relatives greeted me by presenting gifts and bouquets. The function was rounded off by my speech. I thanked all my friends and relatives for attending the party. I still feel a kind of thrill at the very thought of my last birthday. MY BIRTHDAY PARTY A birthday party is a matter of joy and merriment. Generally one celebrates one’s birth anniversary, achieving bright result in the examination, winning competition or match etc. A birthday is observed or celebrated to make one’s birthday memorable or to get amusement, or to give pleasure to others. One normally becomes very joyous to celebrate one’s birthday. There are much charms of a birthday party because the guests and the hosts get much pleasure from the birthday party. I have recently celebrated my 12 /13 /14th birthday. First I have invited my relatives and friends. Secondly I have decorated my house nicely. I have also put on my new dress. Thirdly I have arranged a birthday cake, which is the main attraction of the party. Fourthly after the arrival of the invited guests, I have lighted the candle, cut the cake chuckling merrily, followed by applause of friends, fans and well-wishers. Then the prepared delicious food has been served to the guests. Thereafter, all joining it have felt interested to do something pleasant. So, a short cultural programme has been arranged after the meal. Finally, the guests have left wishing me many happy returns of the day. Thus the celebration of my birthday party has come to an end with joy and merriment. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES My Childhood Childhood is the most significant part of our life. The sweet memories of childhood are always dear to us. In time of depression, childhood memories soothe our mind. Some childhood memories of mine are still intact in my mind. During my childhood I was very naughty and truant. I used to play different games to pass my leisure. I used to bathe for many times in the rainy season and fell ill. At my childhood I enjoyed the company of my grandmother and elder sister. Still their memories frequently haunt me. I can still remember the marriage ceremony of my sister. That was both sweet and bitter experience for me. I felt lonely after the marriage. I couldn’t understand why she wouldn’t stay with us. The sweetest event of my childhood was my first day at school. I was very excited when I first went to the school. I showed a lot of enthusiasm there. My grandmother’s death was the most painful experience of my childhood. When I was only seven, she left us for ever. I lost my constant companion. Despite of these unpleasant experiences, my childhood was full of comfort and relief. When I remember my childhood, I can remove the monotony of daily life. I want to get back my childhood and it will remain ever rosy in my mind. MY CHILDHOOD / CHILDHOOD MEMORIES Childhood is the sweetest period of human life. I often remember the days of my childhood. When I remember my childhood days, I feel happy. I can’t recall the day when I was first named. As I have heard, there was a big feast in our houses on that occasion. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. All the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked form them. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother / grandfather was very much fond of me. S/he told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her/him in many ways but s/he was never angry with me. When I was five years old, I was sent to the primary school. I recollect the day, from my memory, when I first went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I completed my primary education in the tenth year of my life. I began to grow both in body and mind and began to take more and more interest in my studies. My joys knew no bounds when I stood first in my class. I took part in various games and sports. The happy recollection of my childhood yet fills my heart with great joy. I wish I could go back to those happy days again. My Childhood Childhood is generally a sweet period of our life. It is only in childhood that a man gets a free life to enjoy. I am now a young man of eighteen. I was born in a small village in Bangladesh. The whole village was my playground. I wandered throughout the tiny village and played about with my friends. The summer days were the sweetest and happiest days for us. We plucked mangoes and black berries from tree to tree and ate them to our hearts content. We often forgot to take our mid-day meals. In my childhood my favourite person was my grandmother. She loved me very much. She fed me very carefully with her own hands. Though my father often flew into rage, my grand mother prevented him from rebuking me. I used to sleep with her. Before I fell asleep, she used to tell me fairy tales of which she had a rich store. My grandmother died when I was five. The sad event of her funeral will ever remain in my memory. My mother wept bitterly and grandfather was shocked. My heart always yearns for her. My Class Teacher The person who teaches the students in any educational institution is called a teacher. All of my teachers are favourite to me. I have a deep respect for all of them. The teacher who impresses and influences me much is my class teacher. His academic qualifications are very bright. He is an English teacher. He teaches us English in an interesting and charming way. He makes the difficult problems of English very easy. Even the most uninteresting lessons become enjoyable and effective by his practical teaching. Everybody enjoys his lessons with deep attention. He does not feel fatigue to perform his duties. He is a man of strict principle. He performs his administrative activities with justice. So, he is respected by all. He is an absolute disciplinarian. He helps us to be disciplined.(He seems to be a born teacher. He teaches us manners and custom. His affection, ever smiling face, his advic6, his behaviour and his modest manners will remain ever fresh in my heart. He has all the qualities of an excellent teacher and as an excellent man. I have not seen a better man than he) He is a man of extra-ordinary merits. I am grateful to him. I love and respect him from the core of my heart. MY COLLEGE LIBRARY The place where books, magazines, newspapers and various other reading materials are kept for the readers is called a library. Students and teachers can read books sitting there or they can borrow them to take away after getting them issued on library cards. Our college has a big library with various types of books and other facilities. It is a good library with the modem facilities like computer, photocopy and air-conditioned reading rooms. It is a separate building in our college campus but connected with other buildings. It is near our classrooms and we can easily go there during leisure period. Our library is very rich with about fifty thousand books on different subjects. Apart from textbooks there is a huge collection of story books, magazines and newspapers. I regularly go to the library. Sometimes, I read books sitting there. Sometimes, I borrow books on my library cards. Sometimes, I get photocopies of relevant pages from the library on payment. I even use computer to browse some important information through the internet. I can also send and receive e-mails from our library. It is-an unique place for me. It helps me in my study in various ways. I like it very much and I have a deep feeling for it. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily activities. I do my daily duties according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a. m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p. m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. MY DAILY ACTIVITIES I have a routine of my daily life. I do my daily activities according to this routine. I get up from bed early in the morning. I attend to the call of nature, wash my hands and face and brush my teeth. I say my morning prayer to God. Then I go out for a walk in the open air. I have my breakfast at 6 a.m. with my brothers and sisters. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 a.m. I go to bathe then. I take my meals and start for school. Our school sits at 11-30 a. m. and breaks up at 4-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. I take rest in a few minutes. Then I go to my garden. I return home before sunset. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Then I go to my reading room and make lessons till 10 p.m. I have my supper with my parents, brothers and sisters. Then I go to bed and have a sound sleep. Thus I perform my daily activities smoothly. MY DAILY LIFE My day starts just before the cock crows. I leave my bed early in the morning and take preparation for my morning prayer. After saying my prayer, I walk in the field adjacent to our house for half an hour. As I return from my walk, I feel like a second spell of sleep. But I have to get up soon because mother never allows me to remain in bed after sunrise. I start my studies at 6-30 and prepare my lessons till 9-30. I go to bathe then. I finish my bath and breakfast quickly. I start for school. Our school sits at 10-30 a. m. and breaks up at 3-30 p.m. I always listen attentively to what my teachers say and teach in the class. I go home straight after school. Then I spend the afternoon with friends in the playground or in the house of one of our friends, then home again as darkness starts falling. I wash my hands, feel and mouth. Mother brings me some light refreshment. Then I sit at my desk and do my study for at least three hours. When it is time for eating, all the members of our family meet in the dining room. We eat together and exchange our day’s experience with one another. Then we pass some of our time in watching television. This is the time when we have some fun and feel absolutely relaxed. I generally go to bed before it is 11 o’clock. This is, in short, the description of a usual day in my life. But I don’t follow this routine all the days of the week. There are departures from it on holidays. On holidays, I am very busy with my personal sundry tasks. But I perform my daily activities smoothly and enjoy equally everyday of the week. MY EXPERIENCE OF A RAINY DAY I experienced a rainy day which cut mark in my mind. At first there were some patches of clouds in the sky. Gradually, the sky became heavily overcast. Early in the morning, the wind began to blow, first slowly and then with greater intensity. Soon afterwards, it began to drip-drop. Within a few minutes, this developed into a downpour. I decided not to go to school. The rain was in shower for hours together. At 10 o’clock in the morning, I along with my cousin went outside taking umbrella with us. As the rain continued, the streets turned into streams of water. Some roads under repair became muddy and slippery. Most of the vehicles went off the roads. Only a few buses, cars and rickshaws ran slowly, splashing water on both sides. Most of the shops could not open and people had to be satisfied with what they had in their houses. Day labourers were passing the day idly. Some boys and girls like us found the day highly enjoyable. They took the day off and did not go to school. Some of them played in the pools of water and floated paper boats on the water in the streets. We returned home after two hours. I found that father also did not go to his office. He was listening to songs. Mother was cooking ‘khichuri’. At lunch time we had the food to our heart’s content. Then we all went to bed and had a sound sleep till the evening. MY EXPERIENCE OF A STORMY NIGHT Human life is eventful. Some events are full of thrill and some are full of sadness. We derive some sort of pleasure when we recollect them in tranquility. I remember an event, which will remain fresh in my memory. It was a terrible experience of a stormy night. I with my family went to village to join a wedding party. On the wedding day, we were walking along a village path towards the bride’s house. It was a sunny bright May afternoon. Suddenly I could see no sun. Patches of dark, pitch-black clouds were gathering all over the western sky. And soon I couldn’t see anything. I could hear only the deafening roar of the wind. Dust, rain, leaves and branches of trees ----- all were sweeping past so fast that I couldn’t open my eyes. The party too, was scattered and swept along by the wind just like the leaves. I couldn’t even think about the others, about myself, about anything. When the sun hit my eyes, the next morning I found myself between two stay-hacks in a farmer’s yard. Then I returned to my home and found that everyone was waiting for my return. I can still remember the atrocity caused by that monster wind when I think about the experience. MY EXPERIENCE OF VISITING A FLOOD AFFECTED AREA When the flaw of water increases then usual, vast areas of the riverbank go under water and we call it flood. Bangladesh has hundreds of rivers so flood is a very common phenomenon in our country. It occurs almost in every rainy season. The low lying areas are the main victim of flood. Last year we witnessed a horrible month long flood. It was the month of June, The northern region of the country was under water. Manikganj was the most affected area. Reports came in newspapers and satellite channels about the poor condition of the people of that region and we wanted to help them. So, I along with some of my friend of our school collected relief materials and went to Manikganj to aid the poor flood affected people. Going there we saw the devastation of flood with our own eyes. About 80 percent area of the district was under water. Crops of about 10,000 hectors of land was washed away. Many dead animals were seen floating on the water. People were in miserable condition, man and animal living together in the flood shelters or in some educational institutes. They were suffering in want of food, shelter and medicine. Water spread diseases were spreading at an alarming rate. We tried to help them as much as we could but it was really inadequate. The government relief was not enough also and it was clear that they would have to suffer more. People of all walks of life should come forward in such calamities to remove the distress of the suffering people because one day we might also fall victim to it. MY FAMILY The institution with which we have most intimate contact and perhaps the greatest concern is the institution of family. I belong to a middle class family. I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is -------------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. S/he is a very serious student. S/he does not waste a single moment in vain. My father is a businessman/government employee. He rises early in the morning and takes a walk by the riverside. Then he offers his morning prayers and wakes us up. After a short while, he starts for his office. My father is man of principles. He is mild, gentle and sober in nature. My mother is a housewife. My mother is the finest lady in the world. She is very polite, affectionate and intelligent. She manages the family very nicely. She does all the household chores. She takes great care of all of us. She loves me very dearly. She is ready to sacrifice her own happiness for the members of the family. She holds my good above everything in the world. She is pious too. My mother is a woman of delicate taste. She reads books when she gets time. My grandparents also stay with us. They love me very dearly. I like my family very much because we are living together sharing our weal and woe. I wish I could live together with all my family members throughout my life. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste these cakes early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE BANGLADESHI FOOD Bangladesh is my native land. I have been nourished up with different types of food produced in this country. In different areas of Bangladesh, different types of food are eaten. They differ in names, not in contents. There are many items relating to rice. They are rice and fish, rice and dal, rice and khichuri. Polao and Biriani are my favourite. They are generally prepared and eaten occasionally. Many seasonal home made cakes are eaten in Bangladesh. They are called ‘pithas’. They are of different names, size and shape. Most mentionable cakes are Chital, Bhapa, Patisapta etc. I like the Patisapta very much. Actually the traditional food is very delicious. I like the cake made from date juice in the month of Paush and Magh. In winter, it is very nice to taste early in the morning. In Bangladesh many kinds of sweetmeats are found. They are made with milk and sugar. They are Khir, Rasogulla, Chamcham, Sandesh, Rasamalai, Zelapiee. In spite of all these delicious food, I am still habituated in having rice and fish which is very common and favourite food in Bangladesh. MY FAVOURITE CRICKETER Shachin Tendulkar is my favourite cricketer. He is one of the greatest cricketers in the world. He is incomparable. His outstanding performance certainly speaks in favour of this. He is an idol to his devotees. When he plays shots, he makes the spectators spell bound. He likes to enjoy himself in making new records. Though he is not so calculative in making shots as Drabir, another skilled player is, he is very vigorous in this regard. He has the records of highest runs, centuries, test matches and so on. He has good temperament. He plays very artistically and thoughtfully. People find pleasure at the time of his playing. Cricket-lovers eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I think him one of the best players in the world of cricket. So, not only I but also millions of true lovers of cricket like and praise him most. MY FAVOURITE FOOTBALLER Though football is giving place cricket, several of the footballers have made the game enjoyable. Among them Ronaldinho is my favourite footballen He is one of the greatest footballers in the world. He is incomparable. His dribbling is often compared with rhythmic traditional Brazilian 'Samba Dance'. He makes the spectators spell-bound. His outstanding performance and artistic pass of ball are really a wonder to the football lovers. His tricky passing of ball certainly stirs the hearts of football-lovers. He likes to make new records. He was awarded the title "The Best Footballer of the Year 2006". People, specially his fans, eagerly wait for his arrival in the field. I consider him as one of the three or four best footballers in the world. So. I can't help praising him most. MY FAVOURITE GAME Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY My favourite hobby is gardening. I like it fora number of reasons. First, I am fond of nature and,gardening keeps me very close to nature. Secondly, it refreshes my mind with the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Above all, it offers my house a fascinating look. But gardening is not an cast' task. I have to work hard for it. To make this garden, I selected a suitable piece of land. Then I have made a boundary around it. After that it was prepared for plantation of garden plants. I take care of the plants regularly. This is a traditional hobby. However, it provides me with lots of advantages. It makes our home fresh and beautiful by its fragrant flowers. It purifies my mind and sensibilities and gives me pleasure and mental satisfaction. Sometimes I sell flowers of my garden and,add to my income. However. I cannot spend much time in my garden. In the early morning I work there for more than an hour everyday. My garden is something different because it has various plants of rare collection. MY FAVOURITE HOBBY A hobby is a man’s favourite pursuit or pastime. It is a thing that a man takes up for amusement and is not his main business. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very much interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. I find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp-collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamps. MY FAVOURITE PERSON My mother is my favourite person in my life. The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother who always remains favourite to me. MY FAVOURITE PERSONALITY Kazi Nazrul Islam ----- a poet, philosopher and patriot whom I like most. He is my favourite personality. He is our national poet. He was a poet of unique vision, a seer who could look beyond the limitations of time and place. Nazrul, the rebel poet of Bengal, was born on the 11th Jaistha, 1306 B.S in Churulia, a village of Bardwan in West Bengal. Nazrul’s nickname was “Dukhu Miah”. Nazrul felt the pangs of slavery in his heart and turned a rebel poet. In a weekly magazine named ‘Bijli’, his famous work ‘Bidrohi’ was first published in 1328 B.S. When he was 22 years old, he began editing a bi-weekly called ‘Dhumketu’. His most well-known works are ‘Agni-Bina’, ‘Bisher-Banshi’, ‘Praloyshika’, ‘Dolonchapa,’ ‘Sarbahara’, ‘Sammyabadi’, ‘Chakrabak’, Chandrabindu’, ‘Natun Chand’, ‘Shesh Shaogat’, ‘Bandhan Hara’, ‘Rikter Bedan’ etc. He also wrote some novels of which ‘Mrityukshudha’ and ‘Bayther Dan’ are widely known. He wrote many lyrical poems, religious songs, gazals, love-lyrics, stories, plays and comic-poems for the children. I like Nazrul more than any other man, because he stood against all sorts of oppression. He was a great revolutionary. He taught us to strike, strive and not to yield or surrender. He showed us the part to fight against the enemy of our freedom. Nazrul’s sympathies were always with the downtrodden and the humiliated. He wrote with the blade of a steel sword, as it were, defying all bans and banters. He had indeed a great heart. All his qualities make me love him both as a great poet and a person as well. MY FAVOURITE SPORT Having played many games in the course of the last eight / nine years, I think that football is the best of all. The other sports do not arouse in me half the interest that football does. Football is played in a large field. It is 120 years long and 80 yards broad. Two goal posts are placed at the end of the opposite sides with a cross bar. The game is played between two parties. Each party consists of eleven players. There is a referee to conduct the game. The ball is placed in the centre of the field. The players of each party stand face to face in their respective side. When the referee blows the whistle, the striker of one party first kicks the ball and the game begins. Each of the players tries his best to pass the ball inside the goal of the opposite party. The party who can score a large number of goals is called winner. The game is played for one and half an hour. An interval of short period between two halves is allowed. Football is a very interesting game. I find pleasure and recreation in football. The spirit of co-operation among the players and the orderly organisation of the teams foster a feeling of brotherhood and develop a methodical habit. It makes the players strong and active. The tactics, presence of mind, speed, and pluck required for a football-player at every step are seldom to be seen in any other game. The best feature of the game is the sports manlike spirit with which defeat is, as a rule, borne. MY FAVOURITE TEACHER My favourite teacher is Mr. -------------------. He is about 35 years old. He is a tall man with a slim figure. He teaches us English. He is a brilliant teacher and has an impressive command of English. His pronunciation is good and he speaks English with a foreign accent. He has got a lot of qualities. He is very gentle, polite and well-behaved. He is never rude to his students. He is very considerate and co-operative too. He helps the students when they have any problem. His technique of teaching is also impressive. In his class he creates an English environment which helps us hear English and think and interact in English. He makes his lesson interesting and keeps his students active in the class. He also makes them confident and proves clever. I am impressed by his towering personality, efficiency, devotion to duty and his affection for his students and so I like him most. MY FAVOURITE TELEVISION PROGRAMME Television is the best means of entertainment in today’s world. It telecasts many kinds of enjoyable programmes to delight the audience. As the best media of recreation, television appeals to us very much. There are many interesting TV serials in BTV. When I am asked what my favourite TV programme is, I consider the programme that relays splendid dances, lectures, songs etc. An airy-voice and fairy-like picture come to me like far-off dreams. Of many programmes, my favourite programme is the ‘Adventure of Sindbad’. It is a very interesting TV serial. Throughout the week I wait for the day when the serial will telecast. Leaving all works, I sit in front of TV when the serial starts. I like the serial very much. Because there is a mingling of adventure, fairy tale, science, wit, humour etc. When I watch this serial, I forget everything of the world. It gives me entertainment as well as instruction. It also refreshes my mind. I hope that the BTV will telecast more programmes like ‘Sindbad’ MY FIRST FLIGHT I had a chance to make a journey by air from Chittagong to Dhaka. It was my first flight. At the invitation of my elder brother, I got the opportunity. I arrived at the airport about an hour before the flight and checked in and waited in the lounge. I was given a boarding card on which the number of my seat was written. There were a large number of people at the airport. It was not long before the departure of the flight was announced and we were asked to board the plane. I got on board and found my seat. When all the passengers were in, the door was closed. As the plane was ready to take off, we were asked to fasten our seat belts. We were also given instructions about what to do in case of an emergency. Then the plane took off smoothly. I was excited. I tried to control myself as I could. Shortly after taking off, the captain’s voice was heard. He welcomed us and wished us a happy journey. A few minutes later we were given newspapers. We were also served soft drink. I looked through the window and saw clouds flying past the plane. Following the example of others, I unfastened my seat belt. I felt a thrill of joy when I noticed below the rivers appear to be thin lines drawn on a sheet of paper. Suddenly it was announced that we were very close to Dhaka Air Port and we would be landing in a few minutes. We were again asked to fasten our seat belts. The plane began to lose height and soon landed softly. Thus my first flight came to an end and I was again on mother earth. MY GARDEN Man was first placed in a garden on his creation. Man’s first home before his fall was a garden and a garden will be his final abode if he is pure. Garden is, therefore, the place where the innocent live. Man’s love of garden is, however, quite evident. Many changes have taken place in the world. Man’s tastes, too have changed, but his love of garden has remained undiminished despite all these changes. My garden is a fenced area in our front yard. It is rectangular in size, 20 feet in length and 15 feet in width. I have been working on the garden for the last three months. In the first month I dug up the earth well. Soon a nice flower bed took shape. My father watched me doing the hard work and said that I was becoming a floriculturist. He helped me to show the right seeds of various flowers. I planted ‘dalia’, ‘lily’, ‘sandhamalati’ and ‘jui’ in a row and in another row two types of roses. As spring came, my flower plants bloomed into a dazzling array of flowers. Such a display of colourful flowers pleases not only me but also others. This garden also enables me to do some manual labour which is good for health. My garden is a source of great pleasure and joy to me. My Hobby Hobby is nothing but one’s alternative mental occupation. It is not one’s main business. It is one’s favourite way to enjoy the leisure time. When anyone becomes engaged in any occupation his mind works up to a certain period. Then the mind wants some change to restore its energy. Almost every man has a hobby. There are different hobbies like stamp collecting, gardening photography, angling, coin-collecting etc. My favourite hobby is coin collection. I take it as an interesting work in my leisure. I collect coins of various types and of various times of different countries. Both new and the old coins of different countries are in my collection. I usually collect coins from my relatives living abroad. My grandfather also helps me in collecting. He has given all the collection of coins of his student life. This coin collection has a great educative value I can know about the different national symbols of different countries from these coins. This hobby also creates then curiosity about those countries. My hobby is the main source of my pleasure. It gives me relief from my routine bound works. It helps me to forget the monotony and sorrow of daily life. So, every one should have a hobby out of his routine life. MY HOBBY Hobby is an interesting work at leisure. It keeps the mind happy and fresh. My hobby is stamp -collecting. I collect stamps from many sources and keep them nicely in my album. I am very interested in collecting stamps of other countries of the world. We find in the stamps the pictures of important buildings, towers, mosques, beautiful gardens, national heroes, national flowers, birds and animals. It is very exciting to look at the stamps. The stamps are of different size, shapes, colours and price. So far as I have collected forty-nine different types of stamps of the countries like Great Britain, the U.S.A. Japan, France, India, Pakistan, Uganda, Saudi, Arabia, Iraq, and Iran. These stamps give me some knowledge of the history and geography of these countries. I also buy stamps from a stationery shop in the local market. My pen friend, a Japanese boy, also sends me stamps from Tokyo. Stamp -collecting is really a pleasant hobby and I am trying to collect more and more stamp. MY HOME There is nothing sweeter than one’s home. The same is with me. My sweet home, my dear home is in the countryside. It is not a big one. It covers only a few bighas of land. It faces the south. The front side of my home is open. A big canal flows by it. There are five houses in my home. All of them are made of tin. Two of them are beggars and have brick-built plinth and floor. My father and mother live in one of these houses. My elder brother, with his wife lives in another one. I also live in a fairly large house. We have a kitchen garden inside our home and a flower garden in front of our house. These gardens add to the beauty of my home. Moreover, my home is surrounded by mango groves and many other fruit trees and flower plants. In spring there is feast of flowers and fragrance in my home. Birds sing in them all day long. From a distance my home then looks like a fine painted picture. To me my home is the sweetest place on earth to live in. It is indeed dearer to me even than paradise. MY IDEA OF GOOD TEACHER Education is the backbone of a nation. So, a teacher’s role is very important to the society. After parents, a teacher is the guide of a student. A good teacher is one of the most important people in a country. I have an experience of having close touch with such a teacher. He is our English teacher, Mr.------------ . He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that it is blessing upon us to have such an ideal teacher ----- a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. MY INTIMATE FRIEND Man by nature is a social being. To him, the world looks gloomy in absence of an intimate friend. I have an intimate friend. His qualities have tempted me to call him my intimate friend. Arif is my best friend. He comes of a very good and respectable family. He is a meritorious student. He has always achieved a good result in his examination. He has a sweet temperament. He is neat and charming in his habits. He is amiable and modest. He is intelligent and well-behaved. He never speaks ill of others or injures anyone’s feelings. He is worthy of being a good friend. He proves the proverb a friend in need is a friend indeed. He is always desirous of my good. If I fail to understand anything, he explains it to me. If he finds any, he tries to rectify me. He always advises and helps me when I am problem. For me, he is the sea of knowledge. I have learnt a lot from him. Service of humanity, devotion to study, obedience to elders and love for youngers-------- are his great ideals. I am lucky that a person like Arif is my friend. MY LAST DAY AT SCHOOL Some memories in our life are so painful that they tend to bring tears to our eyes. The memory of my first day at school is one such example. I always look back and call up in my mind the sweet school days. I had to bid farewell to my school as I was going to sit for my SSC examination. For seven long years I was an inseparable part of the institution. Now it exists only in my memory. All the nooks and corners of the big building were intimately familiar to me. To each of them clings some sweet fond memory of days gone by. As I went to receive my admit card of my S.S.C. Examination, all the memories of the past began to crowd over in my mind. The wavy green grasses on the field were alluring and we had walked, sat or played there almost every day during our time at the school. Before departing, we flocked to the Headmaster’s room. With a heavy heart we took leave of him. Some of us touched his feet. He showered blessings on all of us. We went round to other teachers and paid our respect to them as well. When all the formalities were over, we trooped past the gate. Farid Mia, the college gatekeeper, cast us a mournful glance. My eyes became full of tears as I met his moist eyes. Indeed the day was a memorable one which I can never forget in my life. MY MOTHER The sweet word that is mixed up with our existence and feeling is ‘mother’. Every young child starts its life just uttering this very word. The same thing happens to me. My mother is dearest to me in the world. She loves me dearly. My mother is a woman of thirty/thirty five/ forty. She is gentle, amiable, patient and loving. Her heart always yearns for me. She is always anxious to see me happy. Since my birth I have always been with her. I have grown up under her affection and care. Without her loving care, my existence on earth would be impossible. She loves me more than anybody else on earth. Her joy knows no bounds if she finds me happy. If I fall ill, she becomes very anxious. When I come round, her face beams with smile. Her calm and gentle look is a source of hope and inspiration to me. If I am to write anything about her, I feel inclined to write a big volume and not a paragraph. Thank the Almighty that He has blessed me with such a mother. My Idea About Leisures Leisure refers to free time which is free from routine works of one's life. The works done during one's free time are known as leisure pursuits, or pastimes. A life can not be fruitful and successful without leisure persuits or pastimes. In our country most village men usually spend their free time by gossiping in tea-stalls,by playing village out door games, by fishing in canals, rivers, haors and beels and by joining rural cultural functions. The village women usually pass their leisures by gossiping and by visiting their neighbours and villagers. The village children spend their free time by flying kites, by plucking flowers and by swimming in ponds, canals and rivers. Today village people watch television programmes at evening and at night. But the city people/dwellersusually enjoy their leisures by visiting parks, zoos, various international fairs, historical places and by joining different clubs. They also pass their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes. Besides, many city dwellers enjoy their free-time by reading story books. newspapers and magazines and by watching international sports and games on n7 screen. Today the most common pastime is watching various TV programmes. Travelling, gardening, painting, drawing pictures etc are also the popular leisure pursuits Nowadays the young society is very fond of listening to band and pop-music. Inwinter football, ha do- do, cricket and various village games are held inour country. The people of Bangladesh are fond of making picnic to the important spots in winter. The value of a leisure pursuit is very great in our life. It helps to wipe out the monotony of routine works and keeps our mind cheerful. I am a college student and have a great interest in travelling and reading magazines and story books during my off time. It is travelling which helps one to broaden one s outlook and knowledge. My Neighbour Man is a social being. He lives in the society with his family and there are neighbours all around him. I live at Lalkhan Bazar in the city of Chittagong. I have my neighbours too. Our neighbours are gentle and amiable people. Most of them are government officers. All of them are highly educated. Some of my neighbours are businessmen, a few of them are doctors, some are day labourers, some are teachers and the rest of them are engaged in other professions. My neighbours are all peace-loving people. We live in complete peace and harmony with one another. When any of us falls ill or into any difficulty, others go out of their way to help him. Most of my neighbours are Muslims. There are some Hindus, Christians and Buddhists. No problem arises among different communities. In different social occasions we co-operate with one another. Of my neighbours there are two school teachers. Now and then, I go to their houses and talk about my studies. They help me willingly. On the whole, our environment is of peace and happiness. MY NEIGHBOURS The word ‘neighbour’ means a person who lives in houses, streets etc. near another. My neighbours are the people who live close to my house. I have a number of neighbours. Most of them are very kind-hearted and progressive minded. A few of them are conservative. My neighbours are of different occupations. Some are businessmen; some are service holders, some doctors and teachers. We live side by side as a unit of a single family. We live in collaboration with one another. When one of my neighbours falls in danger, we all extend our helping hands to him. Sometimes the difference of opinion arises among ourselves. It creates a temporary misunderstanding with some of my neighbours. It is a matter of happiness that it does not last long. We feel sorry for the misunderstanding and compromise it honourably. We share our joys and sorrows among ourselves. Whenever we become ill, our good neighbours come to nurse us back to health. We often consult our problems. My neighbours are not my relatives but more than my relatives. On occasion of different ceremonies and religious festivals we become a family. I am very proud and happy to have such neighbours. MY NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOUR Very few people are blessed with good neighbours. I am lucky to have such good neighbour. I live in a town. I have a number of neighbours. Of them all, I like one most. The neighbour I like most is my next-door neighbour. His name is Mr. ‘X’. He is a young man of twenty eight years. We have known each other for about five years. He is endowed with many good qualities. He is a good student. He has a sound health. He is by nature, amiable and cheerful. He always considers the good to his neighbours. He is co-operative and friendly without getting into any kind of quarrels with them. Courtesy goes a long way and even if any of his neighbours is the quarrelsome kind, his pleasant manner changes the disturbing one. He visits us on every happy occasion and expenses his joy. If any neighbour is in trouble and needs help, he doesn’t wait for extending his helping hand. In my distress, he is always the first man to offer his services. He guides me too. He also has great affection for me. I do not find any blemish in his personality. After all, that is what being a good neighbour is all about. I am really proud of having such an ideal man as my neighbour. MY NATIVE VILLAGE / THE VILLAGE I LIVE IN With the green fields and with the cool and calm shade of the trees our village stands on the-------------river. The name of our village is---------. It is in the district of------------. About five thousand people live in our village. Most of them are Muslims. There are also a few Hindus, Buddhist and Christians. They live in peace and harmony. The villages are mostly farmers or labourers. Some are potters, weavers, blacksmiths, fishermen and so on. There is a big market in our village. It is the heart of our village which throbs with the activities of the villagers. There are some brick-built buildings such as the mosque and primary and high school building. There are also a post office, a health-care centre and community centre. Our village has a good road, which links the village with the highway. The village is rich in cultural activities like Jatra, Jarigan, boat-race and bullock-race. Our village is also famous for cottage industries. Our village is a peaceful village with a number of educated people. I am proud of our village and pray for its peace, progress and prosperity. MY OWN PROFILE I am a boy/girl. My name is ------------. I am at present a student of Class------. I am the first/ second/ third/ eldest/ youngest son/ daughter of my parents. We are two brother and sister. My father whose name is ----------, is a businessman/ government employee. My mother is a housewife. My sister/ brother is also a school-goer. At present I am ----------------- years old. In my early age I spent my time in high spirits. As I was the eldest son / daughter of my parents, all the members of our family loved me very dearly. They gave me whatever I asked from the. They always took care to make me happy. A single drop of tears was enough to move them. My grandmother was very fond of me. She told me many amusing stories. I annoyed her in many ways but she was never angry with me. I recollect the day from my memory, when I first, went to A.B.C High School with my father. My teachers spoke kind and affectionate words to me. My classmates welcomed me with love and interest. I am, still, a student of that school. My aim is to be an engineer and I am working hard to reach my goal. My hobby is stamp-collecting, painting. My favourite game is cricket. My favourite fruit is mango and my favourite food is ‘Hilsha” fish and rice. I am at present a happy boy / girl of a happy family. I try to make my life bright and prosperous in future. My Parents My parents are the dearest and the nearest persons on earth. They have brought me up from my infancy. They are the only persons who are actually interested in my well-being and that interest of theirs is unconditional. They are happy if I am happy. They have sacrificed all their happiness to make me happy. My father is a school teacher and my mother is a house wife. My father is my guide, friend and philosopher and my mother is the source of inspiration for me. In my childhood, she put her heart and soul in bringing me up. I remember, I caused her much trouble. My father also works hard to maintain his family. He always wants to see me smiling face. He is honest and a man of principle. My mother is also honest and sincere. My parents watch my student career with an affectionate interest. My success gives them immense pleasure and my failure shocks them greatly. Really, my parents are the part and parcel of my life. I am grateful to God that I have got such parents MY RESPONSIBILITY TO MY FAMILY Responsibility is an inherent quality of a man. Truly speaking, the superiority of a human being requires him to show some responsibilities and duties to himself and his family. He cannot be indifferent to his responsibilities towards himself and his family. As man has to live in a society, so in this respect he has to behave very responsibly. We have our own responsibility towards our family and neighbours. As I am a student, my foremost duty is to study well, listen to my teachers and parents have sensibly with others. I feel that I can perform many duties towards my family. In my family I can help my parents in doing different household works, such as, preparing food, washing the dishes, making the bed, wiping the floors, setting the tables, dusting the furniture doing shopping, etc. Besides, in time of illness I can help my family members by consulting doctors. Again, in time of family crisis I can assist my parents in taking decision. Thus as a teenager, I can perform my responsibilities towards my family. Only then I can claim myself as the best creation of God. MY PARENTS Everybody owes greatly to his parents. I cannot be an exception. I could not pass through my infant days without their love and affection. So I am very much devoted to and fond of my parents. They sacrificed their comfort and pleasure for my health and happiness. As a result I have grown up as what I am today. My parents are a modest couple. But they are dignified. They do not have the pride of wealth, not of higher degrees. But they are solvent and educated. My father is an engineer / medical officer / government employee / businessman and my mother is a school teacher / housewife. Father is always busy with his job. Actually my mother looks after us all time and helps us do our home-task everyday. She keeps the house neat and clean and does other household work. My parents are fond of reading books and newspapers. They are also fond of listening to music. Mother is particularly interested in needlework. She makes our clothes with her sewing machine. Father is the head of our family and everybody obeys him. Both of them take them interest in our education and welfare. Their love for my sister and me is matchless. My parents are my first teachers. I have learnt a lot from them. My parents are worthy of emulation in our society. I love and respect them very deeply. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST Many things I have heard about the historical places of Bangladesh. So I had been dreaming of visiting a historical place. I learnt many things about the beauty of the imposing multidomed Shat Gambuj Mosque. In mid-15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the inhospitable mangrove forest of the Sundarbans near the seacoast in Bagerhat district by a saint Ulugh Khan Jahan. He was the earliest torchbearer of Islam in the South who laid the nucleus of an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah (1442-59), then known as ‘Khalifatabad’ (present Bagerhat). I, accompanied with some of my friends visited the historical mosque and its adjoining area. It came to our view that the stately fabric of the monument stands on the eastern bank of a vast sweet-water tank, clustered around by the heavy foliage. This gives a real picture of a low-lying countryside characteristic of a seacoast landscape. The mosque is roofed over with 77 squat domes, including 7 Chauchala or four-sided domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall is provided with 11 arched doorways on east and 7 each on north and south for ventilation and light. It has 7 longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of slender stones columns. From these columns spring rows of endless arches, supporting the domes. The arches are six feet in thickness, have slightly tapering hollow and round walls. The interior and the exterior of the mosque give a view of rather plain architecture but the interior western wall of the mosque was beautifully decorated with terracotta flowers and foliage. I have come to know that besides being used as a prayer hall the mosque was also used as the court of Khan Jahan Ali. At present it is one of the greatest tourist attractions and best architectural beauties of Bangladesh. MY VISIT TO THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is our glory and pride. It is situated at Savar in Dhaka. I have recently had the opportunity to visit the National Memorial. It is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. As I have seen, the tower is 150 feet high and it stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. I have come to know that the foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. The sight of the complex, which was most moving to me is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. The memorial stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. Standing in front of the graves we bowed down our heads in respect. It seemed to us that the towers soar up symbolising the loftiness of the spirit of the martyrs. While visiting I felt that the national memorial is a reminder to all our countrymen of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. Indeed the visit was a one which is still engraved in my heart. MY VISIT TO A PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST A few months ago I visited Darjeeling. I went there with my family. When we entered Darjeeling there was a thick fog all round and it seemed as if we were driving into the clouds. It was very cold but we were well prepared, with our coats, caps and mufflers. Arrangements for our stay had been made in a small but comfortable lodging house, and after spending the night there we embarked upon a tour of sight seeing. We visited the Botanical Gardens, the Himalayan Mountaineering places of interest. We ate some authentic Tibetan food and bought traditional Eastern curios. Early the next morning, we went to Tiger Hill to see the sunrise. This is possible only if it is a clear day and many people come back disappointed. But we were lucky. A hush fell over the crowd as the first rays of the sun struggled out from behind the clouds and the sun rose with all its glory. The snow-clad Kanchanjhonga looked breath-takingly beautiful. I have never seen anything so awe-inspiring! From this spot we were even able to get a glimpse of Mount Everest. On our way back we visited the lush tea-gardens which produce some of the finest tea in the whole world. My trip to Darjeeling was a really enjoyable one and I did not know until I went there that nature could be so magical! . MY VISIT TO A VILLAGE It was my first visit to a village. One of my friends invited me to visit his village in two days holiday. I went along with him to his native village which is not far away from my town. In the truest sense their home is made of mud with thatched roof. There were unmetalled roads leading to and coming from the village. Its surroundings were green because of the crops and other vegetation. The streets were usually narrow and dirty with the open drainage system which gave out stinking smell. Outside the village there was a pond. There were some big shady trees on the outskirts of the village. The people in villages enjoy free air. The diet is very nourishing. They live in the bosom of nature. Farmers were seen to go to their fields along with their cattles. Under the shady trees people in general, were holding discussion, smoking and enjoying tit-bits and talks. Some were taking their lunch under these trees. Outside the village there was also a well from where villagers drew water for drinking and other uses. The village belles dressed in their lovely and multi-coloured costumes with pitchers on their heads came to take water from the well. To see them chatting and talking while coming and going is an alluring sight. After all the cool and fresh breeze of the morning, the scenes of sunset and sunrise produced the charming sights and scenes. All these made my mind fresh and lively, which I can never forget. MY VISIT TO BAISHAKHI MELA Bangladesh is a land of rich culture and heritage. Baishakhi Mela is a part and parcel of Bengali culture. A ‘Baishakhi Mela’ is an annual gathering. It is a gathering held in villages too. This year along with some of my friends I went to Baishakhi Mela held in the Dhanmondi Club playground. We went there in the afternoon. I found the fair bustling with life. There were various kinds of shops and stalls. They were full of different kinds of things such as toys, handicrafts, potteries, sweets and cakes and many handmade things. The potteries made by the students of Charukala Institute, Dhaka University attracted me most. I purchased some specimens of their potteries only. Prices of things were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. Several book-shops were also there. Children’s books were among them which were sold at a great number. In the evening a discussion was held in which the speakers were from intellectual level of our country. In the fair, people were thronged to different food shops. It also became a place for annual meeting for people. But the fair had a different message to give us. The cultural outlook of the young people ought to be broadened. The authorities should organise more fairs. On the whole, I enjoyed the fair most with my friends. MY VISIT TO DHAKA Dhaka is an old city. It remained an imaginary place to me so long because I could not see it with my own eyes. I had an opportunity, however, to see the capital of my dream when my uncle invited me to pay a visit to Dhaka and to be his guest. I availed myself of the opportunity and paid a visit to Dhaka during the last summer. During my short stay at Dhaka, I moved from place to place by bus, rickshaw and baby taxi. When I passed through Nawabpur Road, I was struck by the dazzling sight of the big shops. I went to Gulistan, the D.I.T. Avenue, and Motijheel Commercial Area. The wide and spacious National Stadium, the Baitul Mokerram Mosque, the tall and big buildings of Motijheel Commercial Area, the G.P.O and the Bangladesh all impressed me very much. Next morning I visited the Lalbag Killa, Bara Katara and Chhota Katara. These are the remnants of the Mughal rule. Here old touches and memories hover all around. At Lalbag we also saw the Tomb of Pari Bibi, the daughter of Shaistha Khan. On the way we saw the Dhakeswari Temple built by Ballal Sen. But the New Town, the Sher-e-Banglanagar, the latest extension of Dhaka and Tejgaon Industrial area presented a different sight altogether. Everything about them is new and modern. The Medical College, the University, Salimullah Muslim Hall, the High Court, the Engineer’s Institute, the Secretariat, the Assembly House, Hotel Sheraton and Sonargaon are all designed according to modern taste. The Ramna Garden, the Suhrawardy Udyan and the beautiful lawns attracted me much. I also visited the New Market, Azimpur Colony, the Gulshan Model town and derived much pleasure from their charming sights. I also went to Zia International Airport and saw planes taking off and coming down. My visit to Dhaka was of great interest. It has widened my knowledge and experience. It has given me practical knowledge which books can never give and has brought past history in vivid form before my mind’s eyes. My Next-door Neighbour A next-door neighbour is a person living (residing) adjacent to our house or flat. I have got a next-door neighbour named Mr. Abdul Hakim. He is about 45. He is an B. A. (Hops), M.A. M-Ed. He is a reputed Principal of a college. He is well-educated, well-behaved and well-dressed. He is very sociable, social, amiable kind, helpful, co-operative and friendly. He is very dutiful and responsible too. In a word Mr. Hakim is a very nice man. He always remains cheerful . He is never rude to anybody. He is highly respected and loved everywhere. Yet he has no pride (wkzai4 He Is a very good friend of my father. He often visits our house and asks me about my progress in studies. This noble man always advises me what I should do and what I should not do. When any members of our family fall ill, he comes first. Again, when our family faces any problem, he tries hard to solve it. He has a younger son named Jabiaryer. He is of my own age. He is very friendly and modest. We go to school and play together. Mr.Hakim is fond of fishing in the lake and canals and Jabiayer is fond of playing football and gardening, The kind-hearted next-door neighbour hardly thinks of his own betterment and interest . Now-a-days such a noble next-door neighbour is seldom found in our society. Thanks Allah! I have.got such a nice next-door neighbour. It can be said that a social life can not be successful and fruitful without a good next-door neighbour. So a next-door neighbour plays a vital role in making our life happy and comfortable. My Favourite Poet/ Author My most favourite poet is Kazi Nazrul Islam. He is favourite to me for his patriotic writings. The literature of Bangla' ) is very old and rich in the world. Many famous poets and authors have developed Bangla literature through their writings, Kazi Nazrul Islam is one of them. His contribution is uncommon in Bangla literature. He was born in a poor but noble family at Churulia in the district of Burdwan in West Bengal in 1899. His early life was sorrowful. He lost his father in his early life. He could not receive good education owing to extreme -poverty He began his writing from his very boyhood. Almost all his writings are patriotic , many are rebellious and some negligious. I am - highly inspired (-N~ ") by his rebellious writings. His famous poem 'Bidrohi' was published after returning from the war. He wrote Agnibina (zftWI), Bisher Bashi' Badhanhara Rikter Bedon etc. One after another. he also composed many remarkable plays, dramas and songs. He was sent to jail for his rebellious writings. His writings inspires us to protect/stand against injustice and illegal activities. His writings worked as sharp as swords against the brute British rulers They also work as sharp. as swords against all odds and injustice in all ages. All classes of people, poor and rich were equal to him. This is why, Nazrul is called the Byron of Bangladesh. He passed away in August 29, 1976. Though he is dead, his writings have made him immortal. He is still alive in the heart of the Bangla speaking people. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. comments debug Comments Write a comment Write a comment Share Your Thoughts Be the first to write a comment. N Natural Calamities of Bangladesh: An obstacle to progress Bangladesh is called the land of natural calamities. The prime natural disasters of this country are flood, storm, cyclone, drought and famine. Flood visits our country every year due to heavy rainfall. It is the most devastating one of all natural calamities. It takes a serious turn in the monsoon. Due to heavy rai n, most of the rivers overflow their banks and thus cause flood. It washes away different types of crops, cattle, homes and properties. The devastating floods in the years of 1988 and 1998 are very remarkable. Most of the districts in the southwest of Bangladesh had been inundated violently. Storm is not less destructive than flood. Storm causes abrupt damage to our life and property. Affected people cannot get the opportunity to save themselves nor their properties. It blows away our homes, trees, cattle and many things. But when a storm revolves violently round a centre, it is called cyclone. It moves at a high speed ranging from forty to more than hundred kilometres per hour. During the last few years, several cyclones swept over our country and caused immense harm to our people. Cyclone is a curse to the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Bangladesh. The tidal bore and the heavy showers wash away the stores of foodstuff and cause terrible damage. Drought causes serious harm to our crops and trees. Due to the want of water farmers cannot grow plants nor can produce bumper crops. As an aftermath, famine occurs. Many people die from hunger. However, we have to reduce the loss caused by various natural calamities. Using modern weather forecast, prior warning can be given to the people who are likely to be affected storm, cyclone etc. Moreover, the affected people and domestic livestock can be easily shifted to a safer place during flood and cyclone. Besides, a quick relief, medical treatment and essential medicines should be supplied among the affected people. Some effective measures should be taken by the govt. as well as different NGO’s with a view to eliminating sufferings of the victims. Natural Calamities Natural calamities are the disasters which are inflicted by God, or Nature, or man and his world. Bangladesh is often hit by natural calamities like flood, cyclone, drought, earthquakes, landslides, tidal bores, excessive rainfall, river erosion, famine which bring great loss to the life and property of our country almost every year. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, deforestation, lack of plans etc. are responsible for these natural calamities. Many people becoming homeless and helpless suffer untold sufferings. Houses are destroyed, cattle are washed away, crops are greatly damaged and trees are uprooted. The prices of all essentials go up. Famine breaks out. Thousands of people and animals die for want of food. Many dangerous diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhea and dysentery break out in an epidemic form. The educational institutions are closed down for a long time. In a word the whole nation undergoes extreme sufferings and socio-economic pressure. Though we cannot prevent natural disasters as we have no hand in nature, we can reduce the damage caused by natural calamities by using the modern technology of weather warning. Flood can be prevented by building embankments, barrages and a well planned irrigation. The river beds should be dredged for carrying more water by the rivers. An efficient relief measure should also be taken to mitigate the suffering of the flood victims. In fine, it can be said that natural calamities for a poor country like Bangladesh are destructive. So, steps should be taken by the government as well as the conscious citizens raising public awareness to prevent their destructive effect for the greater interest of the country. NATURAL DISASTER IN BANGLADESH I know that Bangladesh is prone to natural disasters. Those disasters are cyclone, tidal bore and flood. Global warming is the main cause of these disasters 1 experienced a cyclone in 1991. Then I was a child. So I can remember a little what had happened during that cyclone. From my memory I can say that the cyclone caused a lot of damages. The wind was blowing so violently that our house was shivering severely. We were afraid that our house might be damaged. However, the house did not collapse but we could not sleep that night in fear. In the morning, people came out of their houses with anxieties. Many houses were damaged and many trees were uprooted. Branches of strongly rooted trees were broken down. Water reached our yard. Many coconuts which were separated from cluster were floating on water. During that cyclone many cattle died falling under collapsed houses. Many people were killed at different places and many were lost. A lot of educational institutions and trees were damaged. The cyclone caused untold sufferings to people. In fact, we are helpless before the natural disasters. We can't prevent them. We can only take some measures to lessen the sufferings of the victims. and to minimise the loss of property. Our govt can buildup some permanent NEWSPAPER A newspaper is a printed publication appearing daily, weekly or monthly containing news, advertisements and articles on various subjects. It carries the news and views from home and abroad to us. In this era of scientific progress, we cannot do a single day without it. We become detached from the outside world in absence of it. It is a part and parcel of our day-to-day life. I cannot start a day without going through a daily newspaper. Newspaper brings news of various kinds to meet the demand of people from all social strata. Newspaper is called the storehouse of knowledge. It has removed the global distance and made the whole of the world a village. Having a newspaper in grip, people can get all sorts of information. It provides them with news about politics, economics, culture, literature, games and sports of the world. Some newspapers have begun to publish guidelines to give students academic aid. Being a student I am inclined to read such kind of newspaper. It helps me a lot. But I do not support yellow journalism because of false news, exaggerated views, irritating comments exile public opinions. We should train up our journalists to be evaluated. NEWSPAPER READING Newspapers have their own importance and advantages. In modern times, newspapers are considered to be the givers of information, news and views. They bring to us news from all the corners of the world. Newspapers in the modern world reflect pubic opinion. They contain a great deal of useful information. The public remains in touch with the leading ideas in the country as well as of the world. Through newspapers, we get national as well as international news. They help in creating among the readers the spirit of goodwill and mutual understanding for other nations of the world. Newspapers are good means of publicity and propaganda. In the advertisement columns, one can know about many things. Thus, by reading newspapers one can know many things. Newspapers play a great role in mobilising public opinion on various national issues. Newspapers also help in education public opinion. They make us realise our duties and make us aware of our responsibilities. They give their own honest, just and right opinion on various great problems of the country. Thus, they lead the masses on the right path. From the point of view of education, they have a great value. Newspapers can publish the latest reports regarding the researches made, discoveries done and inventions made in the various fields. The ideas and thoughts of world-renowned thinkers, writers, poets, scientists, reformers, philosophers and politicians are known to us through newspapers. Thus, newspapers are the important limbs of modern society Necessity of Learning English We know that English is an international language. English has become the window to the world. For any kind of higher education we are dependent on English. Its importance can easily be understood. There are some jobs like that of a pilot, a telephone operator or a tourist guide who require to know English. A foreign office can not perform their deeds without English. For diplomatic relations, foreign trades, use of science and technology even inside our homeland and for spreading our religion abroad, we need English. If we do not learn English right from the very beginning of our academic life, we shall be unable to produce goods doctors, engineers, technicians etc. Proficiency in this language can help us to express our feelings in a befitting manner. A deeper understand-ding of the language can also bring us much pleasure. We shall be able to enjoy good authors. This may sharpen our mental faculty. Our thoughts and actions will be developed through English language. There is none who can deny the importance of this language in our day to day life. Therefore, all of us should make an effort to learn this language. Natural Calamities in Bangladesh natural calamity is a part of the environment. It is a natural force. It brings about untold havoc, sufferings and losses to men, animals, crops, properties, trees and the environment. It is a menace for all. A natural calamity is very destructive and horror. Every year various alarming -natural calamities hit is small plain land which is located on the Bay of Bengal. This is why, Bangladesh is called a land of natural disasters and calamities. Every year she faces various calamities such as floods, cyclones, Sidr, Nargis, earthquakes river erosion , tidal waves (Vt"9001), storms. droughts, excessive rainfall etc. Flood is the most common and devastating one of all the natural calamities in Bangladesh. It usually hits during the rainy season. It has an alarming impact on our lives, crops and properties. Every year a terrible flood sweeps away thousands of houses, domestic animals and poultry. It roots out countless trees, damages our crops, roads, dams and embankments (4K ~-- ) tremendously. Every year it renders (makes) thousands of people homeless, helpless and landless. This frightful natural calamity snatches away a lot of valuable lives every year. The flood-affected people have, to pass their days under the open sky without food, clothes and medicines. After flood, various water-borne diseases break out and acute famine exists across the country. The poor are the worst sufferers. Natural calamities curve our all development plans and efforts severely and endanger our national and social. economy. Def6restation, illiteracy, civic unawareness and acute poverty are the root CRUMB of natural calamities. By raising civic awareness and removing Me acy from the society and by stopping deforestation we can get rid of the natural calamities. Natural Beauties of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a country of gorgeous greenery on the shore of the Bay of Bengal which is enriched with natural beauty and resources, many rivers, birds, forests, historical places and above all, six seasons. Every year thousands of nature lover come from various countries come here to learn from nature, to see awesome creations and to know about wild lives. Amongst those places Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach, the Shundarbans, Srimongal Tea Garden, Jaflong, Rangamati, Bandarban, Paharpur Buddha Vihara and so on are well known worldwide. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Cox’s Bazar and Kuakata Sea Beach a much sought after tourist destination. It is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving. The Shundarbans, the land of rare plants and animals, is the largest mangrove forest of the world. One can see Royal Bengal Tiger, a lot of deer, monkeys, and elephants and so on. The real beauty of Shundarbans is the Shundori tree which is really exceptional. Various types of birds always charm the tourists. Srimangal which is one of the hilly districts of Sylhet division is famous for tea gardens and Seven Layered tea. Jaflong is known as land of stone. The Mari River is well known to all due to transparent glass like river water. You can see the ground of river from the top of water. In fine, it can be said that if you love nature, love natural beauty and especially green field you must not forget to visit those places of Bangladesh. Nuclear family The nuclear family or elementary family is a term used to define a family group consisting of a pair of adults and their children. I live in a nuclear family. Our family consists of four members such as my father and mother, my sister and myself. Nuclear family is getting popular nowadays because in such a family one can live according to one’s own will. The expenditure here is less than that of an extended family. In a nuclear family one may have much facility. He can enjoy his own life. He has no binding to anyone. The advantages of a nuclear family are stability, legacy, moral coding, skill building, shared responsibility, mutual support. The disadvantages of a nuclear family are that here he has to live alone. He has no companion to share his joys and sorrows. He feels lonely. I do not like it because here one has no friend or companion to share one’s feelings. In recent decades, this traditional form of the family has undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to single-parent families, remarriages, resulting in extended families. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, has brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. There is none here to console one in distress or depression. But above all nowadays nuclear family is getting more popular. OUR NATIONAL FLAG A national flag is not merely a piece of cloth but is a symbol of the love we have for our country. When the national flag is hoisted full mast, we feel proud of it. To the outside world, the national flag carries the identity of our nation. Our national flag has a proportion of 5:3; that is the width of the flag must be three fifths of the length. The design of our flag is a two-colour combination ---- red and green. The green colour is the background in the middle of which is pasted a red circle. The red circle indicates a burning sun and the green background suggests the lush green of our nature. The red sun also suggests the blood sacrificed by our people in achieving the independence. The green colour on the other hand shows the energy of our people. A great sense of honour is attached to the national flag. It is never to be desecrated. The more a country prospers, the more a national flag gains in dignity. It is our hope and aspiration that our national flag will earn a global recognition in future. National Flag Every free country has its own National flag. Bangladesh is also a free country. So we have our own national flag. The proportion of the length and breadth is 10 : 6 and the radius of the flag is one fifth of its length. It symbolises our sovereignty, integrity and freedom. It has a grass-green background with a red sun placed at the centre. The green background means the eternal green of Bangladesh. The red sun is the symbol of a new born nation. It depicts the bloody war of independence. The sun also means a rising nation. Everyone pays respect to his national flag. A national flag can be a great inspiration to everyone who loves his country. The national flag is sacred. It represents our country's honour. It is hoisted on solemn occasions. But unfortunately, we are using this flag on trivial occasions. Consequently, most people do not show due respect to It. They disrespect their own country. So, the Government should protect it and we should honour our motherland by showing proper respect to our national flag. THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL The national memorial at Savar is a symbol of nation’s respect to those heroic sons of the country who laid down their life to gain independence during the war of liberation. Though the memorial stands for the martyrs, the achievement it represents can not be measured because freedom can not be limited. It is the symbol of the nation’s pride and dignity. The most prominently visible portion of the memorial is the 150 feet long tower standing on a base 130 feet wide. The foundation of the memorial was laid on the first anniversary of the victory day. There is a plan to build a huge complex covering 126 acres of land. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. Relics of the war of liberation will be kept in the museum. They will always remind to our countrymen and all those who come to visit the place, the supreme sacrifice of the freedom loving people of Bangladesh. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters just beside the tower. standing there we see the fruit of their sacrifice standing upright to declare the triumph of their glorious deeds. OUR NATIONAL MEMORIAL Our National Memorial is situated at Savar in Dhaka. The National Memorial is a symbol of the nation’s respect for the martyrs of the War of Liberation. It is built with concrete, but made of blood. It stands 150 feet tall, but every martyr it stands for stands so much taller. It is an achievement the dimensions of which can be measured, but it stands for all achievement which is immeasurable. It stands upright for the millions of martyrs who laid down their lives so that we may stand upright, in honour and dignity, amongst the nations of the world. Most prominently visible is the 150 feet tower that stands on a base measuring 130 feet wide. There is actually a series of 7 towers that rise by stages to a height of 150 feet. The foundation was laid on the first anniversary of the Victory Day. There is actually a plan to build a huge complex in several phases. The entire complex will cover an area of 126 acres. The plan of this complex includes a mosque, a library and a museum. The relics of the Liberation War will be kept in the museum. They will ever remind our countrymen and all who would come to visit the museum of the valiant struggle and supreme sacrifices of a freedom loving people. The most moving sight of the complex is the several graves of the martyred freedom fighters; close to the tower. Standing in front of the graves we bow down our heads in respect, as the towers soar up symbolizing the loftiness of their spirit. The national memorial is a reminder to all oppressors that the weapons of freedom need not be very big, and that oppressors will always be defeated. And the will of people prevails, for man is born to be free. A NIGHTMARE It was a nightmare. I was too thrilled to bag the first prize in a lucky draw. It was a free holiday and travel to the Disneyland. I boarded a jumbo jet. Immediately it soared high in the sky. But my joy was short-lived. It kept on going higher and higher. I was terribly frightened. While it was wandering, it crashed with a satellite and broke into pieces. I started falling down. Suddenly, I saw a huge bird, which was as big as a helicopter. I managed to catch its wings. The bird after some time landed on a ship. I got down on the deck. I was thinking that my life has been saved. But this was not so. Suddenly, there was a big blast and the ship broke into pieces. I tried to save my life holding a wooden plank and swimming. It was the unending sea which was full of sharks and whales. I was so frightened that I shouted ‘Mother-Mother’. As soon as my mother heard my call, she woke me up and asked me what happened. I was so happy to find that it was only a ‘frightening dream.’ A NURSE/NURSING AS A PROFESSION Man has three duties --- duty to God, duty to parents and duty to mankind. A nurse is such a person who dedicates her whole life to the service of the people who are ill, injured and wounded. The field she renders her dedicated service to is called nursing. The job of a nurse is very noble. It enables a person to serve the suffering humanity. In our country one needs minimum academic qualifications of S. S. C. to be a nurse. Moreover, one has to study for three years in the Nurses’ Training Centre and this is followed by one year’s practical training in any Medical College Hospital. After completing the course successfully nurses are employed in hospitals and clinics. The job of a nurse is very tiring and trying. She always looks after the patients. A nurse is very vigilant. She renders her heartfelt service to mitigate the agonies and sufferings of the patients. She shares the sorrows and sufferings of the patients. The importance of a nurse beggars description. Hospitals and clinics cannot go even a single day without a nurse. So steps should be taken to ensure due social and financial status for the nurses so that they can keep the torch of Florence Nightingale illuminated. NOBEL PRIZE The Nobel Prize is the world's most prestigious prize. Nobel Prizes are awarded every year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and for promoting world peace. The Nobel Prize was introduced by Alfred Bernard Nobel, a Swedish scientist and inventor of dynamite. He was born in Stockholom in 1833. Dynamite is used to destroy mountains, dig petrol, wells and in war. The prizes are awarded to encourage and recognise the outstanding contributions of top-most figures in different fields. The prizes are given in six fields such as physics, chemistry, medical science, literature, economics and world peace. The recipients of Nobel Prizes get a certificate, a gold medal and a prize money of 10,00000 US dollars. Professor Dr Yunus has been awarded Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to remove poverty with the help of micro-credit. We feel proud of him because he has made us feel proud all over the world. Because Dr Yunus is the first Bangladeshi to get Nobel Prize in peace. NOISE POLLUTION* Sound is a symptom of life. But loud sound creates problem for all. Nowadays noise pollution has reached an alarming stage in human life. It has harmful effects on our life and activities. When the sound is at normal, tolerable, pleasant level, it is simply called ‘sound’. But when it is sharp and harsh to the ears, it becomes ‘noise’. Serious harm can be caused to people if they are regularly exposed to sounds exceeding 70 decibels. Because of the growth of urban population and the increasing use of machines in our everyday life, there has been a general increase in the level of sound around us. On an average, people in the cities are exposed to sounds ranging from 30 to 90 decibels or even more. It has dangerous effect on our auditory nerves. It may cause deafness and psychological imbalance. Really it has become a threat to patients, children and old people. It is more dangerous to the patients suffering from heart diseases. Sound pollution has crossed the limits of human endurance. So it is high time for us to take necessary to check it. Strict laws should be enforced in this regard. Moreover we all should cultivate the virtue of quietness in domestic as well as public life. A Nuclear Family Today a nuclear family is regarded as the most up-to-date form of the family all over the world. There are mainly two categories of families like an extended family and a nuclear family. I am a first year student of an old and ideal college in our Upazila. I am lucky because I am a member of a nuclear family. A nuclear family is a small and planned family consisting of only parents and dependent children. I like the small family very much because there are a lot of advantages and facilities in a nuclear family. A member of a nuclear family enjoys almost all rights and amenities of modern life. A nuclear family is free from noise, chaos and disorder A student of a nuclear family finds enough time to study. So he can easily concentrate on his studies properly which helps him to make a better result in the exams. A nuclear family is a family where one can lead a disciplined , planned, peaceful, happy and cheerful life. On the other hand a member of an extended family is deprived of basic needs and facilities of a life. A student of a big family can not concentrate on studies well because of chaos and noise. The only disadvantage of a nuclear family is loneliness One finds no scope to exchange one's views and ideas with others. A member of a small family leads a dismal andcheerless life elf It is obvious (4vT 11-oft) that a dismal life is. better than a chaotic and noisy life. All these reasons now-a-days a nuclear family is getting popularity in our society too. I do support and suggest all to live in a nuclear family fora safer, better, healthier and longer life. O OUR COUNTRY Bangladesh i s our country. She came into existence on the 16th of December, 1971. The soil, the sky, the wind, in fact, everything of this country is very dear to me. Bangladesh is an over populated country. Abut 114 million people live in this country. The Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists and the Christians are notable among them. They live here in peace and amity. She is an agricultural country. Her soil is very fertile. Jute is the important cash-crop of Bangladesh. Wheat, rice, oil-seeds, tobacco etc are also produced here. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. She is rich in river wealth and raw materials. She exports fish to different countries and earns much foreign exchange. Dhaka, the most populated city in the country, is the capital of B angladesh. Chittagong and Chalna are important sea-ports of this land. Bangladesh is a picturesque land. She has six seasons. Much of the beauty of the country is contributed by numerous trees of different sizes. Flowers are the special gift of nature in Bangladesh. They lend colour, smell beauty and charm to the land. Bangladesh though was once a country of plenty and affluence, has lost much of the wealth as time has passed on. However I love my country with all my heart. OUR SCHOOL LIBRARY Our school is blessed with a wonderful library. It has so many books that it seems impossible to count them. There are long lines of shelves and cupboards containing books on a variety of subjects. In the reading room, there are many long tables with chairs and a little placard with the word ‘SILENCE’ written on it, for a library is a place of peace and quiet. On a table there are magazines of all kinds, in English and Bengali. There are newspapers as well. When a student wants to borrow a book from the library, he chooses the book and takes it to the librarian. The librarian stamps it and notes the name of the child, the book and the date on which it is taken. The librarian is a trained and qualified person. He helps the children to select good books and keeps the library in perfect order. A place of peace and silence, the library is a storehouse of books written beautifully by well-known authors. It is well stocked with storybooks too. The true function of our school library is to make us aware of good and wholesome books that will widen our knowledge and help us grow up intellectually. *OUR SCHOOL MAGAZINE Every school publishes a magazine once a year. Similarly a school magazine is also published in our school every year. It is the mirror of a school that reflects the idea and progress of our school. It is the reflection of our latent talents. We, the students of our school publish the school magazine annually with the help of our teachers. There is a magazine committee. There are members both from the students and the teachers on the committee. The magazine is the outcome of the labour of all these members. It contains stories, poems, articles, jokes, short play etc both in Bengali and English. These are written by the students as well as the teachers. The expenditure of the magazine is provided mainly by the money that is collected from selling space in the magazine for advertisements. The school magazine increases our knowledge and sharpens our power of thinking and reasoning. It inspires us to express our potentialities and we work hand in hand. In a word, the school magazine is a training ground for us in case of co-operation and literary activities. OUR School A school is an institution for upbringing and guiding the younger generation. I’m a student of ‘Y’ school. It is idealized by all the necessary things of education. It was founded in 1899. It is located in the heart of the city. The school is not very far from my residence. It is a three storied building. There are thirty five rooms. Of them thirty spacious and airy rooms are used as classrooms. Morning shift and day shift divide the school times into two shifts. The school sits at 7:30 am and breaks up at 4:30 pm. There are about 2500 students and 55 teachers in our school. The Headmaster is a very learned person with M.A.M.Ed. He methodically administers the school with efficient teachers. Besides the class rooms, there are the Headmaster’s room, teacher’s room, the office room and the hall room. The library and the prayer room are situated in another building beside the main building. There is a very big ground where we play different games in the break. Our school is one of the leading ideal schools of the country. Many prominent men are trained here. I always take pride of being a student of such a renowned institution. The Curse of Over-Population Over-population is a great curse of a country. Too big population of a country in proportion to its assets and land area is-called population explosion (overpopulation). But population is one of the principal elements of a country. Productive and skilled population is a great asset and blessing of a nations. But illiterate, unproduc'Livo or unskilled population is a great curse and burden to a country. Any over-loaded motor vehicle gets an accident at any moment and an over-loaded boat or launch also sinks at any moment. Similarly, an over populated land is burdened with various alarming problems. It is obvious () that Bangladesh is an over-populated land in Asia having too big population. About 950 people live per square kilometre. It is illiteracy which is the root cause of this alarming problem. Social superstition is the another root cause of this severe problem in our country. Mass unawareness (Ttctwz"!) is also a major cause of it. Gender discrimination is another prime cause of population explosion. This alarming issue commits various sinful acts, crimes, offences and corruptions in the society. It is also causes deforestation which brings about various natural catastrophes and disasters ( ~ -,c4lf e fa-*) in our land. It is the root cause of our food problem, unemployment problem, transport problem, traffic jam, load-sheding etc. Over population can be overcome by controlling birth rate, removing illiteracy and social superstitions, by banning early marriage, by driving away gender discrimination and by creating mass awareness and more job facilities. If we fail to control this panic problem, our all development efforts (06t) and plans will be fruitless P Pahela Baishakh: A token of Bengali identity Pahela Baishakh is one of our festival days. In our Bengali year we celebrate Pahela Baishakh on the first Baishakh every year. The day is celebrated with traditional festivities across the country. On this day different types of people of different social classes come out from their respective residence and enjoy the carnival enthusiastically and publicly because it is a public holiday. Traders and shopkeepers open halkhata (fresh account books) and offer sweets to their customers and clients with a view to satisfying them keeping the age-old tradition. Children, young, adults, aged —– all people of both male and female look forward to celebrating this day with great hope and aspiration. At the very dawn they go outside to celebrate Pahela Baishakh eating panta vath. Most of the girls adorn themselves wearing fresh dress and flowers in their locks. Young and adult boys like to sing with the traditional musical instruments like ektara, dotara, bamboo-flute, sarinda etc. and somebody likes to wear mask of different things. Different socio-cultural organisations draw up elaborate programmes to celebrate Pahela Baishakh. The day’s first programme begins at dawn at Ramna Batamul where Chhayanat, a leading cultural organisation, organises it. Bangla Academy, Shilpakala Academy, Bulbul Lalitakala Academy, Jatiya Press Club, Liberation War Museum, Bangladesh National Museum, Institute of Fine Arts of Dhaka University and many other organisations bring out colourful processions with festoons, placards, posters, banners, masks etc. Bangladesh Betar, BTV, ETV telecast different lively programmes describing and showing the festival activities of Pahela Baishakh. We can’t but memorise this day with great pleasure every year singing together —- “Esho hei Baishakh Esho hei Baishakh” AN IMPORTANT PERSON WHOM I LIKE MOST A good teacher is a blessing upon the students who have the fortune to get acquainted with. I have an experience of having close touch with such an important person. He is our English teacher, Mr.-----. He is a man of about 30/32/35. He is really a man of intellect and intelligence. He is the storehouse of knowledge and wisdom. I wonder how he has acquired so much of knowledge and learning. He teaches us sincerely and enthusiastically. He explains till every student is satisfied. His sound arguments, easy explanations and well-knit thoughts make the students listen to him most attentively. He keeps the class lively and in good humour. He does not allow any kind of boredom or idleness to descend upon the class. His witty remarks are really pleasing and delightful. He has mastery over various subjects. But his study of English literature is so deep and vast that he is held in high esteem by the students and the staff alike. He is an industrious teacher and takes pains while teaching. His lucid language, sound knowledge and a good background of the subject make him one of the most admirable teachers of the institution. He makes his students grow the qualities of discipline, punctuality, perseverance and self-reliance. Above all, I can say that he is a great philosopher, friend and guide as well. So, I like him most. Banning of Polythene Bags: A step to avert hazard The menace of polythene is regarded as a threat to our environment because it cannot be burned or destroyed. It is a matter of congratulation that Bangladesh Government has banned polythene bags at length. People were demanding to stop the production, uses and black-marketing of polythene bags. At last in a meeting, presided over by the Prime Minister in the presence of the Environment and Forest Minister, this decision was taken. In this decision it was banned firstly from Dhaka City from 01 January 2002 and from 01 March from the whole country. On an average, 6 million polythene bags were being used everyday only in Dhaka City. About eighty percent of these bags were thrown out into dustbin. Forty percent of these polythene bags find their way into the drain, sewerage line and manhole. As polythene remains unchanged like a strong curtain through which nothing can pass, the dirty water of drains and manhole is overflowed. As aresult, water clogs stagnantly in different places. About 5 million pieces of jute-bags were marketed as alternative immediate after the banning of polythene bags. These bags cost five to seven taka per piece. BJMC also delivers jute bags costing taka two only. After a few days multitude bags are marketed. People are now able to carry these bags in pocket. All types of polythene bags have many disadvantages. It cannot be mixed with soil and thus the fertility of cultivable land is lessened. It spreads skin diseases and causes harm to nutrition of trees. Besides, air is polluted while burning these polythene bags. It also causes some serious chronic diseases like tuberculosis and cancer. We should avoid using as well as producing polythene bags as early as possible with a view to liberating our natural environment from their disadvantages. The specialists think that it may take time to ensure not using the polythene bags anywhere. Now it has been a burning question for us all that we should stop the production, uses and marketing of polythene bags for our own betterment as soon as possible. PASTIMES The thing we do regularly for enjoymentrather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one's activities in one's leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality.-In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports, namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like 'Jatra', 'Jari-gan' etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastimes have changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation are very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why it is my favourite pastime. Pastimes Pastime refers to one's hobby or work during one's free time. It is not one's main business. Pastimes vary from person to person, society to society and country to country. In our country the village people pass their leisures by gossiping, playing outdoor and indoor games, fishing, boating, swimming, gardening, visiting neighbours and relatives and joining village cultural functions and by watching 'IV programmes. The city dwellers spend their free time by joining clubs, visiting parks, zoos, museums, international fairs and historical spots. They also enjoy their free time by swimming, boating and fishing in the big lakes, by reading magazines, newspapers and books, 1.y watching international sporting events at the stadium and travelling and gardening. Our children and the young community have a great fondness and interestfor band and pop music. The Chinese enjoy their pastimes by visiting parks and watching TV programmes at evening. Playing baseball, golf and practising martial arts are the popular pastimes in Japan. The Germans are fond of passing their leisures by travelling, walking, hiking, dancing, visiting families and friends. In Canada skiing, hiking, snow boarding, hunting, camping, bird watching, fishing, boating and swimming in large lakes or sea-beaches are common pastimes. Today watching TV programmes is the most common pastime all over the world. The value of pastimes is very great in our life. It helps to remove the monotony of routine life and keeps our mind cheerful and playful. I am a college student. I pass my leisures by travelling and by reading magazines and newspapers. One's life become dismal and cheerless if one does not enjoy one's free time and holidays properly. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. Early Marriage/ Premature Marriage/Child Marriage Early marriage is an act of getting married at a tender age when the individual is not fully mature to take responsible or not reaching the proper adult age. In Bangladesh the legal age for marriage is 21 for boys and 18 for girls. Despite this legislation, the average age for marriage of girls is 16.4 years. We find that illiteracy, poverty, selfish attitude, unconsciousness, religious misinterpretation, superstitions, social customs, discriminatory attitude towards girls, wrong idea about girls education, dowry system, etc. are some of the causes of premature marriage. Early marriage is seen as a way to “protect” a girl’s sexuality in an unsafe environment. The effects of premature marriage are, no doubt, harmful for health and mind of a female child. The girls cannot adjust with the new environment of their in-law’s house. They cannot serve their husbands’ families properly. In such a condition of their health, weak baby is born with different complications. As a result, it leads to family conflict and misunderstanding. Sometimes, premature marriage leads to divorce, suicide, and unnatural death. To encourage female education and to discourage early marriage our government has taken some positive steps, such as giving stipends to girls, recruiting more female teachers etc. To prevent thispunishable offense, the conscious people should come forward. The parents should be made aware of the bad effects of premature marriage. Different mass media can play an important role in solving the problem. Early marriage perpetuates an unequal society, increasing female vulnerability, powerlessness and assetlessness, as well as restricting personal and psychological development and having hazardous health effects. To sum up, because of negative effect on young people’s development as well as marriage itself, people should not get married early. PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is regulated exertion of the limbs for their balanced development. It is as much important as nourishing food and recuperative rest. By taking regular physical exercise a man can invigorate his body and refreshes his mind. It makes a man strong and stout. It keeps the body and mind sound. A man with sound health is really happy. He can enjoy the world. He can take part in any work with happy mood. Physical exercise makes a man active, energetic and free from diseases. It brings all the muscles into play and strengthens them all. There are many kinds of games and sports, each of which is a good form of physical exercise. Some of them are cricket, football, walking, racing, rowing, riding on horseback, gymnastics and drills. Some people don’t take care of taking physical exercise because they cannot appreciate the importance of this. They should know that physical exercise helps a man possess sound health. They are not to suffer from various diseases if they are take physical exercise. So, we must realise the importance of physical exercise in our life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. Physical Exercise Exercise of different parts of the body is said to be physical exercise. This is essential for keeping the body fit. There is a glaring proverb, "A sound mind in a sound body". That is, if the body is unsound, the mind must be unsound too. Indeed it is not possible to keep good health without proper physical exercise. It makes our muscles strong and active. It gives us immense pleasure and energy. It increases the power of digestion. It also keeps the body free from manifold diseases. In order to maintain good health, we have to take regular physical exercise. But physical exercise must be well regulated, systematic and balanced. Again, exercise after food is not suitable for health. There are different types of exercise, such as - walking, swimming, riding, rowing and jogging are the most common form of exercises. Games and sports particularly, outdoor games like Football, volley-ball, basket ball, badminton, and cricket meet the demand of physical exercise. Physical exercise keeps our body fit as well as offers ample opportunity for our longevity in this world. So, everyone should take physical exercise regularly. A PICNIC I HAVE ATTENDED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A PICNIC I HAVE ENJOYED RECENTLY A picnic is a pleasant pastime to break the monotony life. During the last Autumn holidays we enjoyed a picnic at Sitakunda. For the purpose, subscriptions of all the friends were collected and we hired a bus. We did all the shopping of rice, meat, chickens, spices, bread, eggs, banana, cold-drinks and so on. We also bought films for the cameras. On the scheduled morning we set out at 8 o’clock. It was a pleasant journey. We sang all the way to the spot, many of us cut jokes and we all burst out laughing. The spot was of scenic beauty surrounded by large trees with branches spreading to provide cool shade. We had our snacks. Some of us sat to prepare out dinner. There were lakes and hills. We ran up and down and it gave us immense pleasure. At midday our dinner was ready. We had a grand feast with different types of curry followed by sweets. Though the cooking was of no high order, yet our keen appetite made everything tasteful. After our lunch we sat together to enjoy a little function of fun. Before dusk we set off for home. It was a pleasant return journey. At last we reached home safe and sound. It was really a memorable day of my life. A picnic you attended During the last Winter vacation we enjoyed a picnic. It was a fine morning. I with five of my friends started for the journey at 8.00 a.m. We reached our expected place, Rangamati at 11.00 a.m. We had our cooking arrangements with us. We had also playthings and musical-instruments. Reaching there, all of us cooked the food. At midday our lunch was ready. We then sat together and ate to our fill, though the cooking was of no high order. After finishing our lunch, we cleaned the utensils and packed them into the baskets. We sang songs and played games. We roamed around here and there and saw many attractive things. The natural scenery of Rangamati beggars description. That is, we became spell-bound seeing the natural beauty of Rangamati. The setting sun was very beautiful to look at. At 5.30 p.m. we left the place and started for home with merriment. The memory of this journey will remain ever fresh in my heart. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. A PORTER A porter is a familiar figure in the railway station, at a bus stop, at a ‘ferry ghat’ or at a big market. He is strong and active. He is swift in moment. He has enough strength to carry heavy loads. He carries luggage and bedding of the passengers or the things bought by people. In a railway station he loads and unloads the goods train. He is very clever. He knows the art of exploiting his clients. When there is a crisis of porters he demands a much higher charge. He is not gentle but quarrelsome. He likes to bargain with the passengers for his charge. When there is higgling no other porter comes to the passenger. In this respect there is unity among the porters. Sometimes the passengers are harassed by the porter and his associates. In market places the porters are comparatively gentle in nature. There is not much scope to cheat people here. His work is hard and difficult but his income is very low. He has to live with his family from hand to mouth. His service to people is very great indeed. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL LABOUR Physical labour is essential for our health. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical labour cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical labour. Physical labour makes our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical labour plays a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical labour we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical labour helps us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical labour we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical labour assists us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical labour in our lives beyond description. ADVANTAGE OF PHYSICAL WORKS The works which are done with physical labour, considered as physical works. Physical work is a part and parcel of the existence of human beings. Those who are negligent and idle in doing their physical work cannot prosper in life. Their lives become burden to them. There are a lot of advantages of physical works. Physical works make our lives prosperous. It turns our hopes into reality. It takes us to the pinnacle of success. It brings smile on our face. It helps us to enjoy the bliss of life. Actually, physical works play a very substantial role in making our lives efficacious and pithy. Through physical works we can have a nice appetite and have a good digestion and which help us to keep our body fit and strong. And our minds become cheerful and active. Apart from this, physical works help us to increase the power of antibody of our healthy. Therefore, through physical works we can easily keep our body free from the attack of any severe disease. In fact, physical works assist us to enjoy a sound health which is the precondition of leading an enjoyable life. In fine, we have to admit that the advantage of physical works in our lives is beyond description. PASTTIME//LEISURE Man’s life is usually bound by routine. Pastime affords an opportunity to escape out of the prison or routine and breathe the tonic air of freedom. This, therefore, is always a source of joy whenever it comes. . Pastime is the sweetest of moments when a man has nothing to do. . Pastime is also important for the progress of civilisation. It is the basis of all culture. During pastime a person is his own master and can dispose of his time according to his own sweet will. In other words, it is a time when the mind is relaxed, and the body is at rest. Sometimes it becomes a problem to find out the way to get leisure. As a remedy for this, it is necessary for all of us to cultivate some hobby. Some people like to play cards, some to watch films, others to go shopping or visiting friends. Those who love the air of the countryside may surrender to the joy of standing out in the open and feed their sense with the sights and sounds that create beauty and music all around them. Yet there are others who just like to settle down with a good book. Whatever the concept of pastime is, one must derive enjoyment and happiness from it. Practising the hobbies during pastime time our minds may have rest and relaxation. Thus leisure is the essence of life. A Postman One who delivers letters, parcels, money-orders, telegrams etc. from door to door is called a postman. He generally puts on a khaki uniform. We know him from a distance. He always carries a bag full of letters, money-orders or parcels. He is a very reliable person. The duties and responsibilities of a postman are many. He has to work in his area from door to door as well as in his office. He sorts the letters according to the locations of the houses of the recipients. After that he puts them in his bag in a planned way. Then he goes out to deliver them from door to door. He has to maintain a record in case of registered letters, parcels and money-orders. He has to take the signatures of the addressee. He is a messenger of fate. He brings us both good and bad news. Yet he is welcomed by all. In fact, the life of a postman is miserable. He passes his days in a very simple way. Still he has to be honest and responsible. We should take care of a postman and his honesty should be rewarded. In fact, the postman is a real friend of our society. POPULATION GROWTH IN BANGLADESH Explosion of population is rightly identified as the number one national problem. The baby boom every year has become worrying. Bangladesh is small country but her population is great. The area of Bangladesh is about 55 thousand square miles, and it has a population of about 130 million. About 2000 people live per square mile. It means Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. There are more people than there is food and space for them. Our population is growing in an alarming rate. The growth rate of Bangladesh is 27 per thousand. It is obviously a very high rate. Our population depends on cultivable land. But on an average, each person has 0.1 hectares of cultivable land. This cannot even produce enough crops to provide the bare necessaries for their existence. Besides, the additional people that are born every year need many additional things. So population growth in Bangladesh is undoubtedly a very great problem. PRICE-HIKE Price-hike is a serious ban to the economy of a country. In the recent times, Prices of essential commodities, including rice, sugar, flour and edible oil are on high rise due to the imbalance challenge of Globalization as well as the curse of nature. It is rising so rapidly and suddenly that the common people have nothing to do but be at a loss going to market. The prices of rice, sugar, flour and edible oil increased while that of fish and vegetables marked a declining trend in the markets. Particularly the poor and the people of fixed income are the worst victim of this situation. Dishonest businessmen take the benefit of this situation and these sorts of businessmen are mainly responsible for this kind of horrible condition which certainly possesses threat to our domestic economy. Besides, there are some logical reasons behind this unexpected price hike though these can be removed by taking adequate preventive steps. The prices of the essential commodities have gone beyond the capacity of the general people. Some corporations like: BSTI, Anti Corruption Branch, RAB, POLICE are working on it. The authority concerned should have been informed to control the situation at any time at any cost. PRICE HIKE OF ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES There was a big price hike of essentials in Bangladesh in the months of September and October. We all experienced it in the market while shopping. All the newspapers of the country published the news with great concern. The hike was a widely talked about subject everywhere in Bangladesh. The prices of almost all the essential commodities rose beyond the reach of the poor and the middle class people. The most expensive items were vegetables, specially brinjal and green chilli. The price hike was caused by the prolonged untimely flood in the country. The holy month of Ramadan also contributed a lot to it, because people, during this month, try to buy and consume some of these items more than in other months. The flood had damaged our crops and disrupted rail and road communication. This also worsened the problem. Some dishonest businessmen made the best use of the situation. They earned illegal and immoral profits at the cost of our suffering. The common people, who always bear the brunt of price hike, reacted patiently. They knew that they were helpless. I felt for the poor people, but I had nothing to do. The government formed monitoring cells to control the price hike. The law enforcing agencies were deployed to fight corruption. Import of essentials was encouraged by the government through tax-cuts. But nothing seemed to prove fruitful. The rich and the business class should come forward to ensure proper distribution of the commodities. Now we should do research work to overcome price hikes in future. PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY OF MY COLLEGE The last prize giving ceremony of our college is still very fresh in my memory. It was held on the first week of February last year. The DC of our district had consented to preside over the occasion. We decorated our college premises with flowers and festoons. When the DC arrived he was accorded guard of honour by the BNCC of our college. The proceedings began with the holy Quran Telawat. Then our national anthem was sung when all of us kept standing up. The principal read out his annual report. He recalled the progress that had been carried through during the past years, the achievements of our present and ex-students in various fields of activity. Then the main ceremony began. The principal called each recipient of award by name, announced the subject in which the award was made and the place of honour he occupied. I got two prizes -one for my standing first in the last annual examination and the other in sports. When the prizes were awarded, the cheering crowd greeted the recipients with applause which was loud enough to be heard miles away. With the complimentary speech of the president, the function came to an end. When I remember the day I feel very happy and wish to have the day again so that I can get prizes. PUNCTUALITY Punctuality means the habit of doing a thing at the right time. A punctual man gets ample time in his life. He can do many things. A punctual student learns his lessons in time and finds no difficulty in the examination. He never lags behind in the class. He can follow his lessons from beginning to end. It saves his time. He has not to labour so much. He need not work hard at the time of examination. He makes a better performance with a minimum amount of labour. Punctuality crowns him with brilliant success in life. An unpunctual man is an enemy to himself. He is a nuisance to everyone. He is disliked by all. He suffers for that. If he gives word to his friends and cannot keep it, he may lose his friends. An unpunctual clerk loses his job. An unpunctual man cannot even say his prayers in time. The habit of punctuality requires long careful training. So the habit should be practised quite early in life. Once the habit is formed its utility will be apparent in every sphere of life. So let us develop the habit of punctuality so that we can do the maximum work within the span of life. POLLUTION Our total environment influences our life and our way of living. Three things ---- objects, forces and conditions together make our environment. It includes both natural and man-made objects, forces and conditions. The main elements of human environment are man, animals, plants, soil, air, and water. There are relationships among these elements. These relationships are disturbed because of pollution and then life becomes difficult or impossible. Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessary as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal to toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. Again, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. Soil pollution is also another important aspect. Factory waste, nuclear explosion, oil etc pollute the soil. Polluted soil can’t grow crops. We should bear in mind that if the environment is polluted, none of us will remain safe. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases. R A Railway Station: A terminal for passengers A railway platform/station is the place where trains stop at and depart from. The passengers get on and get off a train from a railway station/platform. It usually occupies a large area. A railway station has a platform. However a big railway station has a number of platforms. Platforms are often covered with huge tin-shed. If there are more than one platform, an over-bridge connects them. In a railway station/platform there are some rooms too, namely station master’s room, waiting room, restaurant, go-down, booking office, ticket counter. There are some benches in the rail way station/platform for the convenience of the travelling passengers. One can also see some stalls in a row selling cheaper kinds of books, newspapers, magazines etc. snacks and tea and even stationary goods. Besides, a large number of hawkers can be seen busily moving from passengers to passengers with cigarettes, betel leaf, bread, chanachur etc. We find some beggars, thieves, swindlers and pickpockets in that place too. A railway platform/ station becomes very busy when a train arrives. Whistles of the train, rustling sound of the engine, movements of the passengers in a hurry, shouts of the hawkers and porters make the railway station/platform full of din and bustle. When the train whistles away, the station becomes calm and quiet. All these pictures taken together remind us of the famous line of the poet, “Man may come and man may go, I go on forever”. This coming and going sustain the flow of life. Of course, a railway station/platform is a very busy and important place. A RAINY DAY In the rainy season sometimes, it so happens that it rains all day long. On such a day the sky remains overcast with clouds. The weather becomes foul. The sun is not seen. Sometimes it drizzles, sometimes it pitters-patters and some times it pours down heavily. The unmetalled roads become muddy and slippery. Water stands on them here and there. None can go out without an umbrella. People walk along the roads with shoes in hand and clothes folded up. The cattle are kept in their sheds. Birds remain sitting on trees. People in general have nothing to do. Poor day labourers suffer much. They cannot go out to work. The people working in offices take the trouble of going to offices in the rain. But such a day is most welcome to the school goers. They do not care to go to school taking some troubles. It is a day full of thoughts and memories to a poet. He or she loves to hear songs and gets lost in his or her thoughts. Though a rainy day is a dull day, it is a blessing after the scorching heat of summer. So the day is welcomed by all. Causes and Effects of Road Accident Road transport in Bangladesh is very popular for various reasons, but the condition of Bangladesh roads is very poor and deplorable. The rate at road-accidents and fatality in the country is very high. Pressure on roads has been on increase and the number of vehicles is increasing by leaps and bounds. Overloading is one of the major factors of road- accidents and deaths. Driving licenses are given on illegal gratifications to the authorities and traffic rules and regulations are thrown to the winds. Lack of road-sense has further complicated the matters. The condition of the vehicles is hardly found road-worthy. The unmanned railway level- crossings further add to the chaos and confusion. The multiplicity of authorities and utter lack of coordination among them is another great source of worry. Drug-abuse and addiction by drivers is another major cause of accidents. The ever increasing use of mobile phones has posed a new challenge to road-safety. lmmediate and effective steps should be taken to check the ever increasing number of road-accidents and death. The effects can be anything from a dent to death, of the drivers, passengers, and occupants of other cars or pedestrians, damage to vehicles. It can be financial loss, psychological, punishment by law or death also. To prevent these accidents, it is imperative that effective long and short term measures are immediately taken. Roads should be properly maintained and looked after. There should be multi-lane roads wherever necessary. There should be separate tracks for slow moving vehicles from those of fast and very fast moving vehicles. There should be an effective check on speed of the vehicles. Violation of traffic rules should be strictly dealt with. Grant of driving licenses and permits to vehicles should be properly streamlined. Those driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol should be given exemplary punishment and their licenses cancelled. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY PORTER One can be certain to find a porter visiting a railway station. One can easily spot him in a crowd as he wears his uniform and is seen carrying luggage from one platform to another. A railway porter is a familiar figure in a railway station. He is in his uniform. He always bears his registration number. He generally moves around and looks for passengers who might need his help. When the train arrives he becomes very busy, moves from this compartment to that one in search of luggage of the passengers. Generally a porter is a healthy person and expert in carrying goods and luggage. He has always a piece of cloth with him for putting the goods on his head. A railway porter knows very well about the railway timing and helps the passengers. He most of the time wants to get more from the passengers beyond the fixed rate. A porter generally obeys the command of the leader, ‘the sardar’. A railway porter works very hard to make a living. He is not rich and, at times, he and his family have to face many hardships. Sometimes, in spite of working for many days, they still find it difficult to make ends meet. We should realise how hard his job really is. So, everyone of us should be kind and thoughtful towards him. A RAILWAY STATION A railway station is a halting place for trains. There are normally a station building, a big shed and a platform in a railway station. The station-building is used for booking office, ticket counter, station master’s office, waiting rooms etc. There are tea-stalls, book-stalls and moving shops in a railway station. A few wooden or concrete benches are a common sight in a railway station. Coloured posters, advertisement etc are displayed on the walls of a railway station. The rail-lines run by the one side of a railway station and on the other, there is a bus or rickshaw stop for the passenger of different places to start from. A railway station is a place for people to start or end journey. It looks busy when the trains arrive. Passengers remain busy to catch trains or get down from trains. Railway porters become busy to find a job. The rail police, ticket checkers, station master --- all become busy with their specific responsibilities. It becomes a place of great din and bustle with the rush of passengers, the whistle of the trains, the roar of engine, the conversations of people and what not. THE LIFE OF A RICKSHAW PULLER A person who pulls rickshaw for earning his livelihood is called a rickshaw puller. A rickshaw puller is a common sight on the streets of our towns and cities. They are mostly found crowding at corners of roads, near stations, cinema halls etc. They draw the attention of passengers by ringing bells or shouting. Most of the rickshaw pullers are so poor that they have no rickshaw of their own. They hire rickshaws from the rickshaw owners. What they earn a day is given to the owners at a fixed rate. A rickshaw puller is hard working and always punctual. He pulls the rickshaw from dawn to late hours at night. He is careless of the sun, rain or heat and cold. He maintains his family with the small income he earns daily. Sometimes he is to starve when he fails to get a rickshaw on hire. He puts on poor and shabby dress. Since he earns a small income, he has to eat less and so he is of ill health. He can hardly meet his both ends. He leads a very miserable life. A rickshaw puller is indeed, an important person in times of our need. Concerted efforts should be launched to improve the lifestyle of the rickshaw pullers. A Railway Station A railway station is a halting and starting place for the trains. In the railway station, there are booking room, station master's room, ticket counters and waiting rooms both for men and women. Some permanent shops and restaurants are also found in a railway station. It has a platform for passengers to get down and to get into the trains. When a train is scheduled to come in a railway station, it becomes a busy and noisy place. A few minutes before the arrival of the train, the station bell rings. Passengers stand in a line to collect tickets. The booking clerk becomes busy in selling tickets. The hawkers try to entertain the passengers by selling bread, banana, betel-leaf, cigarettes, magazines and papers. The porters are busy taking out luggage. In almost every station there is a book stall where one can buy a magazine or a newspaper or any other book. When the train comes into the station, it becomes noisier. Train doors become crowded. Passengers jostle and wrestle with one another to get into the train and to get off it. The station bell rings once more, the green flag of the guard is hoisted and waved, the train leaves the station. After departure of the train, the station becomes calm, quiet and lifeless again. A Rainy Day A rainy day is a day when it rains all day long continuously Bangladesh is a dream land having six seasons. The rainy season is one of them. So a rainy day is very common to the people of Bangladesh. The sky remains cloudy. The sun is not seen on the day. The day is dull and gloomy. The weather is foul on a rainy day. Sometimes it rains heavily. Roads become muddy and slippery .So people can't move freely and easily from one place to another. They need an umbrella. An umbrella is the only companion of the people in a rainy day. Birds stay in their nests and cattle keep standing in their sheds. A rainy day is a great curse to the day labourers, the slum dwellers, the rootless and the poor. They can not go out the doors in search of works. As a result, they pass a rainy day with starvation. The student welcomes a rainy day because classes are not held on the day. The boys catch fish in a rainy day. The rich enjoy the day by playing indoor games and eating khichuri and rich dishes. Sometimes, a rainy day causes flood and damages crops. Since a rainy day is jobless, most people pass the day by gossiping ,playing indoor games, singing songs and telling interesting stories, jokes and riddles. After all , a rainy day gives us both joy and sorrow. After a rainy day, the nature becomes fresh and nice.

Universtiy Admission Test English For University Admission Tests Dhaka University A Unit/Ka Unit B Unit / Kha Unit C Unit / Ga Unit Private Universities in Bangladesh 1. Brac University Bangladesh www.bracuniversity.ac.bd 2. East West University Bangladesh www.ewubd.edu 3. Independent University bangladesh www.iub.edu.bd 4. North South University Bangladesh www.northsouth.edu 5. American International University Bangladesh www.aiub.edu 6. University of Asia Pacific Bangladesh www.uap-bd.edu 7. Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology www.aust.edu 8. Eastern University Bangladesh www.eastenruni.edu.bd 9. University of Liberal Arts www.ulab.edu.bd 10. State University of Bangladesh www.sub.edu.bd 11. United International University www.uiu.ac.bd 12. Daffodil University www.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd 13. World University of Bangladesh www.wub.edu.bd 14. Dhaka International university www.diu-edu.net 15. European University of bangladesh www.eub.edu.bd 16. Asha University Bangladesh www.asaub.edu.bd 17. Stamford University Bangladesh www.stamforduniversity.edu.bd 18. Central Women’s University www.cwu.edu.bd

This is placeholder text. To change this content, double-click on the element and click Change Content. CHATTOGRAM BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. The term ‘diaspora' is used to refer to people who have left their home lands and settled in other parts of the world, either because they were forced to do so or because they wanted to leave on their own. The word is increasingly used for such people as a collective group and/or a community. The world has seen many diasporas but scholars have been studying the phenomenon with great interest only In recent decades. Among the great diasporas of history is that of the Jewish people, who were forced to leave their lands in ancient times. The movement of Aryans from Central Europe to the Indian nub- continent thousands of years ago is also a noteworthy diaspora, although the causes of this diaspora are unclear. In twentieth century history, the Palestinian diaspora has attracted a lot of attention and been a cause of concern for world leaders because of the plight of Palestinians. There have been massive diasporas in Africa, too, over the centuries, either because of war or because of the ravages of nature. But the chief reason why the phenomenon of diaspora is attracting so much attention now is globalization. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1 x 5 = 5 (a) The word 'decade' refers to –––– (i) thirty years (ii) fifty years (iii) ten years (iv) five years (b) What does diaspora mean? (i) People who live in their own country. (ii) People who go abroad. (iii) People who work in other countries. (iv) People who leave their own countries and settle In other, parts of the world. (c) The synonym of 'noteworthy is —-—. (i) insignificant (ii) noticeable (iii) invaluable (iv) appropriate (d) The Aryans came to the Indian sub-continent from-------. (i) America (ii) Africa (iii) Central Europe (iv) Europe (e) In Africa, there have been----. (i) massive diasporas (ii) a little diasporas (iii) no diasporas (iv) very little diasporas Answer: 1. A. Multiple choice (a) → (iii) ten years; (b)→ (iv) People who leave their own countries and settle in other parts of the world; (c)→ (ii) noticeable; (d)→ (iii) Central Europe; (e)→ (i) massive diasporas. B. Answer the following questions. (a) Why do people leave their own countries? (b) Do you think that there have been massive diasporas In Africa? (c) Why is diaspora attracting so much attention? (d) How do the twentieth century Palestinian diasporas draw the attention of the world leaders? (e) Why have the scholars been studying about the diasporas with great interest? Answer: B. Open-ended (i) people leave their own countries and settle in other parts of the world because they are often forced to leave their homeland or they prefer to do so of their own accord. (ii) Yes, I think that there have been massive diasporas in Africa over the centuries due to war or ravages of nature. (iii) The questions of diaspora now is attracting so much attention mainly because of the advantages of globalization. (iv) The Palestinian diasporas in the twentieth century have been able to draw a lot of attention of the world leaders because of the untold sufferings of the Palestinians. (v) The issue of diasporas is an old one. Scholars have been studying about the diasporas with great interest to identify the reasons of the increasing diasporas and to put forward their recommendations with a view to putting an end to this ever-increasing problem. DINAJPUR BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER 1. Read the following text and answer the questions A and B. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 millions boys. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. 1x5=5 (a) What could be the closest meaning for the word "constitute" in the first sentence? (i) take (ii) form (iii) add (iv) make (b) The phrase "take place" in the second sentence stands for — (i) occur (ii) recur (Hi) go to a place (iv) all of them (c) Adolescence is a-----period from childhood to adulthood. (i) transition (ii) transitory (iii) transitional (iv) transient (d) The synonym of 'affluent' is----. (i) destitute (ii) poor (iii) poverty (iv) well off (e) The word "economic" can be replaced by-------. (i) economy (ii) economical (iii) monetary (iv) finance Answer: 1. A. Multiple choice (a) ––– (ii) form: (b) ––– (i) occur (c) ––– (iii) transitional (d) ––– (iv) well oft (e)––– (iii) monetary. B. Answer the following questions. 2X5=10 (a) How will you define adolescence? (b) Why is adolescence important? (c) What do the adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face? (d) What are the effects of female inequality in Bangladesh? (e) How do wealth and education Influence a girl's marriage? Answer B. Open-ended (a) Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. (b) Adolescence is important because this period shapes the future of girls' or boys' future lives. (c) The adolescent girls in Bangladesh usually face inequality and subordination within the family and society. (d) The effects of female inequality in Bangladesh are widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse, etc. (e) A girl with higher level of education and from a more affluent family tends to marry at a later age. Thus wealth and education influence a girl's marriage. RAJSHAHI BOARD ― 2017 ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) FIRST PAPER Part-I: Reading (60 Marks) 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination. The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a ‘Kua’ ― or well- dug on the seashore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Kuakata is a unique spot which allow a visitors to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world’s most attractive beaches. Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying on the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred years old Buddhist temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives. (a) Scenic spot refers to ――. (i) a place havin multiple scenes (ii) a place having a calm atmosphere (ii) a place of unparalleled natural beauty (iv) a place having untidy spots (b) The word ‘shimmering’ in the text could be best replaced by ――. (i) shivering (ii) shining (iii) significant (iv) glaring (c) The Rakhine originally came from ――. (i) Ratuakhali district (ii) Latachapali union (iii) Kuakata coast (iv) Arakan district (d) The best synonym of ‘vibrant’ is ――. (i) thrilling (ii) colourful (iii) gorgeous (iv) brilliant (e) Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and sanctuary for migratory winter birds ―― what does it imply? (i) Kuakata is a beach in its original pure condition and a rare abode for guest birds. (ii) Kuakata is a place of rare beauty and world’s longest beach. (ii) Kuakata is untouched by human habitation. (iv) Kuakata is a natural habitat. Answer: 1. A a― (iii) a place of unparalleled natural beauty; b― (ii) shining c― (iv) Arakan district d― (iv) brilliant e― (i) Kuakata is a beach in its original pure condition and a rare abode for guest birds B. Answer the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10 (a) What does the expression ‘a much south after tourist destination’ mean? (b) Where does the name Kuakata come from? (c) What makes Kuakata an attractive tourist spot? (d) Why would one visit Kuakata? (e) ‘Kuakata’ upholds an ancient tradition, how? Answer: B. Open-ended (a) The expression ‘a much south after tourist destination’ means a very attractive tourist spot which the tourists of home and abroad greatly desire to visit. (b) The name ‘Kuakata’ comes from the story of ‘Kua’ or well- dug on the seashore by the early Rakhine settlers for collecting drinking water. (c) Kuakata has a genuine scenic beauty that attracts tourists. An excellent combination of the picuresque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay-of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much south after tourist destination. (d) One would visit Kuakata, one of the most beautiful beaches of the world, to enjoy its scenic natural beauty, sandy and foamy beaches, blue sky, evergreen forest, shimmering and the surfing waves, migratory birds, the unending line of coconut trees, etc. (e) Kuakata rightly upholds an ancient tradition and cultural heritage of this area being in possession of the native culture of the Rakhine community and hundred-year old Buddhist temples. Dhaka Board – 2017 English First Paper [N. B. ––The figures in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions.] Part I 1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B :–– One of the sources of water in our country are the rivers. Rivers are everywhere in our life, literature, economy, and culture. But are the rivers in good shape? Unfortunately, they are not. A fer are already dead and several are going through the pangs of death. The river Buriganga is an example of a dying river. A report published in the Daily Sun describes what has happened to the river Buriganga and why. Its water is polluted and a perpetual strench fills the air around it. But that is not what it was like before. The report says that the river has a glorious past. Once it was a tributary of the mighty Ganges and flowed into the Bay of Bengal through the river Dhaleswari. Gradually, it lost its link with the Ganges and got the name Buriganga. The Mughals marveled at the tide level of the Buriganga and founded their capital Jahangirnagar on its banks in 1610. The river supplied drinking water and supported trade and commerce. Jahangirnagar was renamed Dhaka which grew into a heavily populated city with a chronic shortage of space. The city paid back the bounty of the river by sucking life out of it! According to newspaper report, the Buriganga is dying because of pollution. Huge quantities of toxic chemicals and wastes from mills and factories, hospitals and clinics and households and other establishments are dumped into the river everyday. The city of Dhaka discharges about 4500 tons of solid waste everyday and most of it is directly released into the Buriganga. According to the department of the Environment (DoE) 20,000 tons of tannery waste, including some highly toxic materials are released into the river everyday. Experts identified nine industrial areas in and around the capital city as the primary sources of river pollution: Tongi, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Tarabo, Narayanganj, Savar, Gazipur, Dhaka Export Processing Zone and Ghorashal. A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:– 1x5=5 (a) The word ‘tributary’ refers to ––––– (i) fountain (ii) territory (iii) stream (iv) kingdom (b) The Buriganga water fills the air with –––––– (i) aroma (ii) fragrance (iii) stink (iv) scent (c) ––––––– founded their capital on the bank of the Buriganga. (i) The British (ii) The Mughals (iii) The Indians (iv) The Bangladeshi (d) Which of the following statement is false? (i) Buriganga is a river (ii) Our rivers are not in good shape (iii) Jahangirnagar was once called Dhaka (iv) Water is being contaminated (e) The best synonym of ‘toxic’ is–––––––– (i) Poisonous (ii) Hygienic (iii) Healthy (iv) Useful B. Answer the following questions :–– 2x5=10 (a) What do you think is the condition of the rivers of our country? (b) What is the commercial value of the river Buriganga? (c) Why is the Buriganga described as an example of a dying river? Give reasons for your answer. (d) How is the Buriganga polluted? (e) What did the Mughals marvel at? What was the outcome of it?

Vocabulary for IELTS Most Common Idioms for IELTS A Idioms A big cheese- an important or a powerful person in a group or family A bird's eye view- a view from a very high place which allows you to see a large area A bone of contention- something that people argue for a long time A cock and a bull story- a story or an explanation which is obviously not true. At the crack of the dawn- very early in morning A cuckoo in the nest- someone in a group of people but not liked by them. A litmus test- a method which clearly proves something As the crow flies- measuring distance between two places in a straight line. A dead letter- an argument or law not followed by anyone. At the drop of the hat- u do something easily and without any preparation An early bird- someone who gets early in the morning An educated guess- a guess which was likely to get corrected At the eleventh hour- be too late. A queer fish- a strange person A wakeup call- an event done to warn someone A worm's eye view- having very little knowledge about something A witch hunt- an attempt to find and punish those who have options that are believed to be dangerous At the heels of- to follow someone A dish fit for Gods- something of very high quality A game of two equal halves- a sudden change in circumstances Afraid of one's own shadow- to become easily frightened Against the clock- to be in a hurry to do something before a particular time Air one's dirty laundry- to make public something embarrassing that should be kept secret. All systems go- everything is ready. An arm and a leg- a large amount of money Appear out of now here- to appear suddenly without warning. Apple of someone's eye- someone loved very much. Ask for the moon- to ask for too much. Asleep at the switch- not to be alert on opportunity At sixes and sevens- to be lost and bewildered At someone's beck and call- to be always ready to serve At the bottom of the ladder- at the lowest level A house of cards- a poor plan At an arm's length- to keep at a distance At sixes and sevens- in disorder A boon in disguise- a benefit in loss A bull in a China shop- an awkward person A red letter day- an important day A nine days wonder- pleasure for a short time A bit under the weather- falling ill B idioms Bad blood- feelings of hate between two families Bend your ears- to talk to someone for a very long time about something boring Bite your tongue- to stop yourself from saying something because it would be better not to Black and blue- full of bruises Blue blood- belonging to high social class Be above board- to be honest and legal Be bouncing off the walls- excited and full of nervous energy Bow and scrap- try too hard to please someone in a position of authority Brass monkey weather- extremely cold weather Be tailor made- to be completely suitable for someone. Break the ice- to make more comfort or relaxed with a person whom you have not met earlier, to break the silence Be as clear as mud- to be impossible to understand Be on cloud nine- be very happy Between the devil and deep blue sea- a type of situation where u must choose between two equally unpleasant situations Be in the doldrums- not very successful or nothing new is taking place Beat the drum- to speak eagerly about something you support Be on the edge- to be nervous or worried about something Be in seventh heaven- extremely happy Be at each other's throat- two persons arguing angrily Batten down the hatches- to prepare for trouble Back the wrong horse- to support someone weak Back to square one- to reach again to the starting point Back to the salt mines- back to something that you don't want to do Ball of fire- active and energetic Beat one's head against the wall- to try to do something that is hopeless Bark up the wrong tree- to make a wrong assumption Batten down the hatches- prepare for difficult times Beat one's brain out- to work hard Begin to see the light- to begin to understand Behind closed doors- done in secret Bet on the wrong horse- to misread the future Bent on doing- to be determined to do something Bite off more than one can chew- to do more than one's ability Bite the bullet- to face a difficult situation bravely Bitter pill to swallow- an unpleasant fact that must be accepted Black sheep of the family- worst member Blessing in disguise- something that turns out to be good which earlier appeared to be wrong Blind leading the blind- someone who does not understand something but tries to explain it to other Blow one's own horn- to praise one Blow someone's mind- excite someone Bone of contention- subject matter of the fight Bring home the bacon- to earn money to live Blue in the face- exhausted and speechless Break the back of- reduce the power of something Burn a hole in one's pocket- to spend money quickly Burn the midnight oil- to study till late of night Bushman's holiday- a holiday where you spend doing same thing as you did at working days Button's one lip- to keep quite Break a leg- to wish good luck C idioms Carrot and sticks- You use both awards as well as punishments to make someone do something. Cloak and dragger- when people behave in a very secret manner Cards are stacked against- luck is against you Crack a book- to open book to study Cross a bridge before one comes to it- worry about the future in advance Carry coals to new castle- to take something to a place or a person that has a lot of that thing already Cast in the same mould- to be very similar Change horses in midstream- to change plans Cap it all- to finish Cried with eyes out- cried a lot Carry the can- If you carry the can, you take the blame for something, even though you didn't do it or are only partly at fault. Cast a long shadow- Something or someone that casts a long shadow has considerable influence on other people or events. Cat and dog life- If people lead a cat and dog life, they are always arguing. D idioms Drive a wedge between- to break relationship between the two Dances to the tune- to always do what someone tells you to do Dressed up to the nines- wearing fancy clothes Dragging its feet- delaying in decision, not showing enthusiasm Davey Jones' locker- Davey Jones' locker is the bottom of the sea or resting place of drowned sailors. ('Davy Jones' locker' is an alternative spelling.) Dancing on someone's grave- If you will dance on someone's grave, you will outlive or outlast them and will celebrate their demise Dog in the manger- If someone acts like a dog in the manger, they don't want other people to have or enjoy things that are useless to them Don't cry over spilt milk- When something bad happens and nothing can be done to help it people say, 'Don't cry over spilt milk' Don't wash your dirty laundry in public- People, especially couples, who argue in front of others or involve others in their personal problems and crises, are said to be washing their dirty laundry in public; making public things that are best left private. Donkey work- Donkey work is any hard, boring work or task. Don't throw bricks when you live in a glass house- Don't call others out on actions that you, yourself do. Don't be a hypocrite. E idioms Entering the 80th orbit- celebrating the 80th birthday Eleventh hour decision- decision that is made at the last possible minute End in smoke- to bear no result Earth shattering- not at all surprising Eat humble pie- to apologize humbly Elephant in the room- An elephant in the room is a problem that everyone knows very well but no one talks about because it is taboo, embarrassing, etc. Egg on your face- If someone has egg on their face; they are made to look foolish or embarrassed Eye for an eye- This is an expression for retributive justice, where the punishment equals the crime. Eyes are bigger than one's stomach- If someone's eyes are bigger than their stomach, they are greedy and take on more than they can consume or manage. F idioms From cradle to grave- during the whole span of your life. Face the music-to accept punishment for something you have done. Feel the pinch- to have problems with money. Fall on your own sword- to be cheated by someone you trust. Feather in one's cap- something that you achieve and proud of. Firing on all cylinders- work every possible way to succeed. French leave- absent without permission, to take French leave is to leave a gathering without saying goodbye or without permission. Fall on our feet- If you fall on your feet, you succeed in doing something where there was a risk of failure. Fall on your sword- If someone falls on their sword, they resign or accept the consequences of what they have done wrong. Fingers and thumbs- If you are all fingers and thumbs, you are being clumsy and not very skilled with your hands. Finger in the pie- If you have a finger in the pie, you have an interest in something. Flash in the pan- If something is a flash in the pan; it is very noticeable but doesn't last long, like most singers, who are very successful for a while, then forgotten. Follow your nose- When giving directions, telling someone to follow their nose means that they should go straight ahead. Fool's paradise- A fool's paradise is a false sense of happiness or success Foot in mouth- This is used to describe someone who has just said something embarrassing, inappropriate, wrong or stupid For a song- If you buy or sell something for a song, it is very cheap For donkey's years- If people have done something, usually without much if any change, for an awfully long time, they can be said to have done it for donkey's years G idioms Get off the hook- free from all obligations Give-up the ghost- to die Got the slap on the wrist- got light punishment Give someone a bird- make fun Got the wind up- to be scared Get a raw deal- not treated equally Gift of the gab- talent of speaking, if someone has the gift of the gab, they speak in a persuasive and interesting way Gives cold shoulder- to ignore Get your wires crossed- If people get their wires cross, they misunderstand each other, especially when making arrangements.('Get your lines crossed' is also used.) Give me five- If someone says this, they want to hit your open hand against theirs as a way of congratulation or greeting Give me a hand- If someone gives you a hand, they help you Give someone a piece of your mind- If you give someone a piece of your mind, you criticize them strongly and angrily. Go bananas- If you go bananas, you are wild with excitement, anxiety, or worry Go tell it to birds- This is used when someone says something that is not credible or is a lie Go under the hammer- If something goes under the hammer, it is sold in an auction Graveyard shift- If you have to work very late at night, it is the graveyard shift Grease monkey- A grease monkey is an idiomatic term for a mechanic H idioms Have ants in your pants- not be able to keep still because you are very excited or worried about something. Having a whole of a time- to enjoy very much Hold one's horse- be patient Have a big mouth- one who gossips more or tells secret Himalayan blunder- a serious mistake Have a one track mind- think only of one thing Have clean hands- be guiltless Have an egg on the face- be embarrassed Have eyes bigger than stomach- desiring more food than one can eat Heart missed a beat- very excited Heart in the right place- good natured Hit the nail on the head- done the thing correctly Hand to mouth- Someone who's living from hand to mouth, is very poor and needs the little money they have coming in to cover their expenses Have no truck with- If you have no truck with something or someone, you refuse to get involved with it or them Hit the bull's-eye- If someone hits the bull's-eye, they are exactly right about something or achieve the best result possible. Hold water- When you say that something does or does not 'hold water', it means that the point of view or argument put forward is or is not sound, strong or logical. For e.g. 'Saying we should increase our interest rates because everyone else is doing so will not hold water' Hornets' nest- A hornets' nest is a violent situation or one with a lot of dispute. (If you create the problem, you 'stir up a hornets' nest'.) I idioms In dribs and drabs- in small amounts at a time In black and white- to give in writing In the blues- low spirited In cahoots with- in a partnership usually for a dishonest reason If the shoe fits, wear it- This is used to suggest that something that has been said might apply to a person In droves- When things happen in droves, a lot happen at the same time or very quickly In the doghouse- If someone is in the doghouse, they are in disgrace and very unpopular at the moment. J idioms Jack Frost - If everything has frozen in winter, then Jack Frost has visited. Jack the Lad - A confident and not very serious young man who behaves as he wants to without thinking about other people is a Jack the Lad. Jack-of-all-trades- A jack-of-all-trades is someone that can do many different jobs. Jam on your face - If you say that someone has jam on their face, they appear to be caught, embarrassed or found guilty. Jam tomorrow - This idiom is used when people promise good things for the future that will never come. Jane Doe - Jane Doe is a name given to an unidentified female who may be party to legal proceedings, or to an unidentified person in hospital, or dead. John Doe is the male equivalent. Jekyll and Hyde - Someone who has a Jekyll and Hyde personality has a pleasant and a very unpleasant side to the character. Jersey justice - Jersey justice is very severe justice. Jet set - Very wealthy people who travel around the world to attend parties or functions are the jet set. Jet-black - To emphasise just how black something is, such as someone's hair, we can call it jet-black. Job's comforter - Someone who says they want to comfort, but actually discomforts people is a Job's comforter. Jobs for the boys - Where people give jobs, contracts, etc, to their friends and associates, these are jobs for the boys. Jockey for position - If a number of people want the same opportunity and are struggling to emerge as the most likely candidate, they are jockeying for position. Jog my memory- If you jog someone's memory, you say words that will help someone trying to remember a thought, event, word, phrase, experience, etc. John Doe- John Doe is a name given to an unidentified male who may be party to legal proceedings, or to an unidentified person in hospital, or dead. Jane Doe is the female equivalent. Joe Public - Joe Public is the typical, average person. Johnny on the spot - A person who is always available; ready, willing, and able to do what needs to be done.('Johnny-on-the-spot' is also used.) Johnny-come-lately - A Johnny-come-lately is someone who has recently joined something or arrived somewhere, especially when they want to make changes that are not welcome. Join the club - Said when someone has expressed a desire or opinion, meaning "That viewpoint is not unique to you". It can suggest that the speaker should stop complaining since many others are in the same position. Example: "If this train doesn't come, I'll be late for work!" "Join the club!" Joined at the hip - If people are joined at the hip, they are very closely connected and think the same way. Judge, jury and executioner - If someone is said to be the judge, jury, and executioner, it means they are in charge of every decision made, and they have the power to be rid of whomever they choose. Juggle frogs - If you are juggling frogs, you are trying to do something very difficult. Jump down someone's throat - If you jump down someone's throat, you criticise or chastise them severely. Jump on the bandwagon - If people jump on the bandwagon, they get involved in something that has recently become very popular. Jump ship - If you leave a company or institution for another because it is doing badly, you are jumping ship. Jump the broom - To jump the broom is to marry. (Jump over the broom, jump over the broomstick, jump the broomstick are also used.) Jump the gun - If you jump the gun, you start doing something before the appropriate time. Jump the track - Jumping the track is suddenly changing from one plan, activity, idea, etc, to another. Jump through hoops - If you are prepared to jump through hoops for someone, you are prepared to make great efforts and sacrifices for them. Jump to a conclusion - If someone jumps to a conclusion, they evaluate or judge something without a sufficient examination of the facts. Jumping Judas! - An expression of surprise or shock. Jungle out there - If someone says that it is a jungle out there, they mean that the situation is dangerous and there are no rules. Jury's out - If the jury's out on an issue, then there is no general agreement or consensus on it. Just around the corner- If something is just around the corner, then it is expected to happen very soon. Just coming up to - If the time is just coming up to nine o'clock, it means that it will be nine o'clock in a very few seconds. You'll hear them say it on the radio in the morning. Just deserts - If a bad or evil person gets their just deserts, they get the punishment or suffer the misfortune that it is felt they deserve. Just for the heck of it - When someone does something just for the heck of it, they do it without a good reason. Just for the record - If something is said to be just for the record, the person is saying it so that people know but does not necessarily agree with or support it. Just in the nick of time - If you do something in the nick of time, you just manage to do it just in time, with seconds to spare. Just off the boat - If someone is just off the boat, they are naive and inexperienced. Just what the doctor ordered - If something's just what the doctor ordered, it is precisely what is needed. Justice is blind - Justice is blind means that justice is impartial and objective. K idioms Kick up a row- to start a fight, to create disturbance Keep ones eye on the ball- be ready for something Kangaroo court- When people take the law into their own hands and form courts that are not legal, these are known as kangaroo court Keep body and soul together- If you earn enough to cover your basic expenses, but nothing more than that, you earn enough to keep body and soul together. Keep your eye on the ball- If you keep your eye on the ball, you stay alert and pay close attention to what is happening Know which way the wind blows- This means that you should know how things are developing and be prepared for the future. L idioms Loaves and fishes- done for material benefits Like a shag on a rock- completely alone. Let someone slide- neglect something Let the cat out of the bag- reveal the secret Let nature take its course- to allow someone to live or die naturally. Like a sitting duck- totally unaware Lion's share- a major share Left to your own devices- If someone is left to their own devices, they are not controlled and can do whatever they want M idioms Make castles in the air- plans or hopes that have very little chances of happening. Make a bee line for- to go directly towards something. Make ones bed and lie on it- to be responsible for what you have done and accept the results Meet ones waterloo- meet ones final end Monkey around- to waste time here and there My hands are full- I am busy Make a dry face- show disappointment Make a monkey of someone- If you make a monkey of someone, you make them look foolish Man of his word- A man of his word is a person who does what he says and keeps his Promises Many moons ago- A very long time ago N idioms Nobody's fool- one who can take care of himself not having a leg to stand for- not having proof Never-never land- ideal best place. No love lost between- dislike Needle in a haystack- If trying to find something is like looking for a needle in a haystack, it means that it is very difficult, if not impossible to find among everything around it New brush sweeps clean- 'A new brush sweeps clean' means that someone with a new perspective can make great changes. However, the full version is 'a new brush sweeps clean, but an old brush knows the corners', which warns that experience is also a valuable thing No smoke without fire- This idiom means that when people suspect something, there is normally a good reason for the suspicion, even if there is no concrete evidence. ('Where's there's smoke, there's fire' is also used.) O idioms Once in a blue moon- very rarely On the bandwagon- doing something because others are also doing it Open Pandora's box- to discover more problems Over the moon- being too happy On its last legs- in a bad condition and will not last long Old flames die hard- It's very difficult to forget old things On pins and needles- If you are on pins and needles, you are very worried about something On the carpet- When you are called to the bosses office (since supposedly, they are the only ones who have carpet) and its definitely not for a good reason, i.e., you are in trouble, something has not gone according to plan and either maybe you are responsible and/or have some explaining to do On the hook- If someone is on the hook, they are responsible for something. Only the wearer knows where the shoe pinches- This means that it's hard to know how much someone else is suffering. P idioms Pass muster- to be approved Pick someone to pieces- to criticize sharply Paper over the cracks- to try to hide something Put the cart before the horse- doing things in a wrong manner Pull up the shocks- do things in the right manner and correctly Parrot fashion- If you learn something parrots fashion; you learn it word for word Pay on the nail- If you pay on the nail, you pay promptly in cash Pen is mightier than the sword- The idiom 'the pen is mightier than the sword' means that words and communication are morepowerful than wars and fighting Pick someone's brains- If you pick someone's brains, you ask them for advice, suggestions and information about something they know about Pieces of the same cake- Pieces of the same cake are things that have the same characteristics or qualities Play fast and loose- If people play fast and loose, they behave in an irresponsible way and don't respect rules, etc. Poker face- Someone with a poker face doesn't show any emotion or reaction so that people don't know what they are feeling Q idioms Quarrel with bread and butter- Bread and butter, here, indicate the means of one's living. If a sub-ordinate in an organization is quarrelsome or if he is not patient enough to bear the reprimand he deserves, gets angry and retorts or provokes the higher-up, the top man dismisses him from the job. So, he loses the job that gave him bread and butter. Hence we say, he quarreled with bread and butter (manager or the top man) and lost his job Quiet as a cat- If somebody is as quiet as a cat they make as little noise as possible and try to be unnoticeable Quiet as a mouse- If someone's as quiet as a mouse, they make absolutely no noise Queer fish- A strange person is a queer fish R idioms Round the twist- go crazy Read between the lines- read hidden meanings Rack and ruin- If something or someone goes to rack and ruin, they are utterly destroyed or wrecked Rain on your parade- If someone rains on your parade, they ruin your pleasure or your plans Rake someone over the coals- If you rake someone over the coals, you criticize or scold them severely Recipe for disaster- A recipe for disaster is a mixture of people and events that could only possibly result in trouble Red carpet- If you give someone the red-carpet treatment, you give them a special welcome to show that you think they are important Red herring- If something is a distraction from the real issues, it is a red herring Red letter day- A red letter day is a one of good luck, when something special happens to you Reduce to ashes- If something is reduced to ashes, it is destroyed or made useless. His infidelities reduced their relationship to ashes Round the houses- If you go round the houses, you do something in an inefficient way when there is a quicker, more convenient way Rub shoulders- If you rub shoulders with people, you meet and spend time with them, especially when they are powerful or famous Run into the sand- If something runs into the sand, it fails to achieve a result S idioms Salt on the earth- fundamental good people Sands of time- tiny amounts of time Shake a leg- to go fast, hurry Spill the beans- to expose a secret Snake in the grass- a hidden army Salt on the earth- fundamental good people Sands of time- tiny amounts of time Shake a leg- to go fast, hurry Spill the beans- to expose a secret Snake in the grass- a hidden army Snake in the shoes- to be in a state of fear Stood to his guns- maintained to his opinion showing the door- asking someone to leave Song and a dance- an excuse Salad days- Your salad days are an especially happy period of your life Sail under false colors- Someone who sails under false colors is hypocritical or pretends to be something they aren't in order to deceive people T idioms Threaded his way out- walked carefully through. Take the cloth- to become a priest. Talk turkey- to discuss a problem with a real intension to solve it. Tit for tat- an action done to revenge against a person who has done some wrong to you To crow over- to triumph over someone to blow a fuse- to turn someone angry though thick and thin- under all conditions to bell the cat- to take great risks To look through colored glasses- to look the things not as they are Taking to a brick wall- taking with a no response Turned a deaf ear- disregarded Take a back seat- choose to decrease involvement Tables are turned- When the tables are turned, the situation has changed giving the advantage to the party who had previously been at a disadvantage Take someone under your wing- If you take someone under your wing, you look after them while they are learning something Take your medicine- If you take your medicine, you accept the consequences of something you have done wrong Talking to a brick wall- If you talk to someone and they do not listen to you, it is like talking to a brick wall Taste of your own medicine- If you give someone a taste of their own medicine, you do something bad to someone that they have done to you to teach them a lesson The apple does not fall far from the tree- Offspring grow up to be like their parents Through thick and thin- If someone supports you through thick and thin, they support you during good times and bad U idioms Upset the apple cart- to create difficulty Under a cloud- If someone is suspected of having done something wrong, they are under a cloud Under fire- If someone is being attacked and criticized heavily, they are under fire Under your nose- If something happens right in front of you, especially if it is surprising or audacious, it happens under your nose Up for grabs- If something is up for grabs, it is available and whoever is first or is successful will get it Up to the neck- If someone's in something up to the neck, they are very involved in it, especially when it's something wrong Up a river without a paddle- If you up a river without a paddle, you are in an unfortunate situation, unprepared and with none of the resources to remedy the matter Uncharted waters- If you're in uncharted waters, you are in a situation that is unfamiliar to you, that you have no experience of and don't know what might happen Under lock and key- If something is under lock and key, it is stored very securely V idioms Vale of tears- This vale of tears is the world and the suffering that life brings. Velvet glove - This idiom is used to describe a person who appears gentle, but is determined and inflexible underneath. ('Iron fist in a velvet glove' is the full form.) Vent your spleen - If someone vents their spleen, they release all their anger about something. Vicar of Bray - A person who changes their beliefs and principles to stay popular with people above them is a Vicar of Bray Vicious circle - A vicious circle is a sequence of events that make each other worse- someone drinks because they are unhappy at work, then loses their job... 'Vicious cycle' is also used. Vinegar tits - A mean spirited women lacking in love or compassion. Virgin territory - If something is virgin territory, it hasn't been explored before. Voice in the wilderness - Someone who expresses an opinion that no one believes or listens to is a voice in the wilderness,especially if proved right later. Volte-face - If you do a volte-face on something, you make a sudden and complete change in your stance or position over an issue. Vultures are circling - If the vultures are circling, then something is in danger and its enemies are getting ready for the kill. W idioms Weight one's word- be careful to what one says Wait for a raindrop in the drought- When someone is waiting for a raindrop in the drought, they are waiting or hoping for something that is extremely unlikely to happen Walking on broken glass- When a person is punished for something Wet behind the ears- Someone who is wet behind the ears is either very young or inexperienced Whale of a time- If you have a whale of a time, you really enjoy yourself Work your fingers to the bone- If you work your fingers to the bone, you work extremely hard on something Wrench in the works- If someone puts or throws a wrench, or monkey wrench, in the works, they ruin a plan X idioms X factor - The dangers for people in the military that civilians do not face, for which they receive payment, are known as the X factor. X marks the spot - This is used to say where something is located or hidden. X-rated - If something is x-rated, it is not suitable for children. Y idioms Yah boo sucks- Yah boo & yah boo sucks can be used to show that you have no sympathy with someone. Yank my chain - If some one says this to another person (i.e. stop yanking my chain) it means for the other person to leave the person who said it alone and to stop bothering them. Yell bloody murder - If someone yells bloody murder, they protest angrily and loudly, or scream in fear. Yellow press - The yellow press is a term for the popular and sensationalist newspapers. Yellow streak- If someone has a yellow streak, they are cowardly about something. Yellow-bellied - A yellow-bellied person is a coward. Yen - If you have a yen to do something, you have a desire to do it. Yeoman's service - To do yeoman's service is to serve in an exemplary manner. Yes-man - Someone who always agrees with people in authority is a yes-man. Yesterday's man or Yesterday's woman - Someone, especially a politician or celebrity, whose career is over or on the decline is yesterday's man or woman. You are what you eat - This is used to emphasise the importance of a good diet as a key to good health. You can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar - This means that it is easier to persuade people if you use polite arguments and flattery than if you are confrontational. You can choose your friends, but you can't choose your family - Some things you can choose, but others you cannot, so you have to try to make the best of what you have where you have no choice. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink - This idiom means you can offer something to someone, like good advice, but you cannot make them take it. You can say that again - If you want to agree strongly with what someone has said, you can say 'You can say that again' as a way of doing so. You can't fight City Hall - This phrase is used when one is so cynical that one doesn't think one can change their Representatives. The phrase must have started with frustration towards a local body of government. You can't have cake and the topping, too - This idiom means that you can't have everything the way you want it, especially if your desires are contradictory. You can't have your cake and eat it - This idiom means that you can't have things both ways. For example, you can't have very low taxes and a high standard of state care. You can't hide elephants in mouse holes - means that some issues/problems/challenges cannot be hidden/concealed but have to be faced and dealt with. You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear - If something isn't very good to start with, you can't do much to improve it. You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs - This idiom means that in order to achieve something or make progress, there are often losers in the process. You can't take it with you - Enjoy life, enjoy what you have and don't worry about not having a lot, especially money...because once you're dead, 'you can't take it with you.' For some, it means to use up all you have before you die because it's no use to you afterwards. You can't teach an old dog new tricks - It is difficult to make someone change the way they do something when they have been doing it the same way for a long time You can't un-ring a bell - This means that once something has been done, you have to live with the consequences as it can't be undone. You could have knocked me down with a feather - This idiom is used to mean that the person was very shocked or surprised. You do not get a dog and bark yourself - If there is someone in a lower position who can or should do a task, then you shouldn't do it. You get what you pay for - Something that is very low in price is not usually of very good quality. You reap what you sow - This means that if you do bad things to people, bad things will happen to you, or good things if you do good things. It is normally used when someone has done something bad. You said it!- Used to say you agree completely with something just said. You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours - This idiom means that if you do something for me, I'll return the favour. You what? - This is a very colloquial way of expressing surprise or disbelief at something you have heard. It can also be used to ask someone to say something again. You're toast - If someone tells you that you are toast, you are in a lot of trouble. You've got rocks in your head - Someone who has acted with a lack of intelligence has rocks in their head. You've made your bed- you'll have to lie in it - This means that someone will have to live with the consequences of their own actions. Young blood - Young people with new ideas and fresh approaches are young blood. Young Turk - A Young Turk is a young person who is rebellious and difficult to control in a company, team or organisation. Your belly button is bigger than your stomach - If your belly button is bigger than your stomach, you take on more responsibilities than you can handle. Your call - If something is your call, it is up to you to make a decision on the matter. Your name is mud - If someone's name is mud, then they have a bad reputation. Your sins will find you out - This idiom means that things you do wrong will become known. Z idioms Zero hour- The time when something important is to begin is zero hour. Zero tolerance - If the police have a zero tolerance policy, they will not overlook any crime, no matter how small or trivial. Zigged before you zagged - If you did things in the wrong order, you zigged before you zagged. Zip it - This is used to tell someone to be quiet. Zip your lip - If someone tells you to zip your lip, they want to to shut up or keep quiet about something. ('Zip it' is also used.)

Ideas for IELTS, Idea builders for ielts, Main topics for IELTS, Improving ideas for IELTS Introduction to IELTS IDEA BUILDERS F OR IELTS FOLLOWING ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR IELTS Click on the following topics to get more ideas: 1. ARCHITECTURE, H OUSI NG , BUILDING 2. ARTS, CULTURE, TRADITION, HISTORY, MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT, LAW 5. EDUCATION, STU DENTS 6. ENTERTAINMENT, M USIC, HOBBY, HOLIDAY 7. ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHIL DREN 9. FO OD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES, GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TEC HNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC 20. TRAVEL, TOURISM 21. WORK 22. ABSTRACT IDEAS/OTHERS WELCOME TO BABAR IELTS All Videos Play Video Play Video 04:18 The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL It is the first video of 22 video series. Here we have introduced the the topics that we are going to discuss in our upcoming videos.Hope you will watch those videos and get necessary ideas for IELTS /TOEFL examination. You won't need any more ideas for your exam if you know these! ALL IMPORTANT TOPICS for IELTS 1. ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING, BUILDING 2. ARTS, CULTURE, TRADITION, HISTORY, MUSEUMS 3. BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING 4. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT, LAW 5. EDUCATION, STUDENTS 6. ENTERTAINMENT, MUSIC, HOBBY, HOLIDAY 7. ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS 8. FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN 9. FOOD 10. GENDER ISSUES 11. GLOBAL ISSUES, GLOBALIZATION 12. GOVERNMENT 13. HEALTH 14. LANGUAGE 15. MEDIA 16. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 17. SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TRENDS 18. SPORTS 19. TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC 20. TRAVEL, TOURISM 21. WORK 22. ABSTRACT IDEAS/OTHERS In this video we have discussed the main topics of our idea builders. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topics. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 11:39 1. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING It is the second video of 22 video series. Here we have discussed Architecture, Housing, Building.In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 6th topic ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 30:39 2. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS This is the 3rd Video of the most important topics for IELTS. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 18:26 3. IELTS,TOEFL IDEA BANK- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 3rd topic BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 17:29 4. IELTS TOEFL IDEA BANK-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 4th topic CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 36:39 5. IELTS, TOEFL IDEA BANK-Education, Student and Study In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 5th topic Education, Student Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 10:48 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 6th topic ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 36:39 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 7th topic ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS . This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Play Video Play Video 18:02 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD In this video we have discussed the main ideas of our 9th topic -FOOD. This video will help you to generate clear ideas about the topic. Surely using these ideas, you will be able to speak or write better in the Examination. From my experience I can confirm you that you won’t need more ideas other than these. If you watch 22 videos on all important topics, you will be able to generate ideas whatever topics you are given in IELTS/TOEFL examination. I recommend you watch the videos more than once and keep track of the ideas in your notebook. If you expand these ideas with examples in your writing , surely you will achieve better score. So, watch all the videos and get ready for your examination without fail. Link of the other idea building videos: The Most Important Topics for IELTS/TOEFL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpQU8lQn7Lw&t=41s 1. IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING , BUILDING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz4hDqApgLM&t=82s 2 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- ART CULTURE HISTORY TRADITION MUSEUMS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeDn7FwazPM&t=457s 3 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS- BUSINESS, MONEY, ECONOMY, ADVERTISING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkuHbnmVPtg&t=110s 4 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-CRIME, PUNISHMENT AND LAW https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg_hNtmIx9s&t=5s 5 IELTS TOEFL IDEAS-Education, Student and Study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWBacSVwIdQ&t=1527s 6. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENTERTAINMENT, HOBBY, MUSIC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2mkW2a7C0&t=20s 7. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ENVIRONMENT, NATURE, CLIMATE, ANIMALS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=we-2uYnmLdk&t=1966s 8. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FAMILY, FRIENDS, CHILDREN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo2iubJRen0&t=35s 9. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-FOOD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kapdcSQgRJs&t=541s 10. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GENDER ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xxjRIylUzU&t=47s 11 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GLOBAL ISSUES , GLOBALIZATION https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfzHibOQoIA 12 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-GOVERNMENT RELATED ISSUES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07uOj7XDqvk&t=1s 13 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-HEALTH https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-ui7BAD5rg&t=905s 14. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-LANGUAGE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lan7o43wSug&t=235s 15 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-MEDIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zggy7D2ZsHE&t=3s 16 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dz9hyrYkF44&t=1146s 17 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SOCIETY, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL TREND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6Ay7qOZ_io&t=1427s 18 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-SPORTS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SVQAewq2V6s&t=5s 19. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK- TRANSPORT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aehkEJhEseU&t=165s 20 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-TRAVEL AND TOURISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2nQ2bvccc0&t=3s 21 IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-WORK, JOB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k398uLkPos8&t=64s 22. IELTS ,TOEFL IDEA BANK-ABSTRACT IDEAS (HAPPINESS, SUCCESS ETC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qygnqOqdXTQ Image credit: https://www.pexels.com/ Load More Read More Updated Contents IELTS IELTS Academic Writing Task-1 IELTS General Training Writing Task-1 IELTS Grammar IELTS Idea Builders IELTS Reading IELTS Speaking IELTS Speaking Part -3 IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Vocabulary IELTS Writing IELTS Writing Task-2 Essay Writing IELTS Listening Naturally Curious

This is placeholder text. To change this content, double-click on the element and click Change Content. Special use of Words/Phrases Worksheet on Phrases/Words with special use-5.1 Complete the sentences with suitable phrase/ words given in the box:- 1. what’s it like was born would rather had better as though let alone what if have to as soon as there a) Sheikh Hasina is the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She ––– in Gopalganj in 1947. She is the eldest of five children of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. b) ––– I finished reading over the problem, the answer leapt to my mind. Actually I was absent minded. c) You are too fat. You ––– eat two rusks and an apple every lunch. d) New Zealand is a very cold country. I ––– live in a warm country. e) Once ––– lived a farmer. He had a faithful dog. The farmer loved the dog very much. f) The girl looks very ugly. She looks ––– she didn’t sleep last night. g) I have never met any actor, ––– Shahrukh Khan. But I am his great fan. h) Please don’t worry. I am thinking what to do. You don’t ––– clean the car. i) You look very pale. ––– you consult with a lawyer? j) ––– playing in the middle of the street? You seem to be very anxious playing with risk. 2. What about No longer No sooner had but for What’s it like What if Would you mind Would rather In order to Let alone a) There have been significant changes in the types of entertainment over time. Many of these ––– exist. b) It is raining heavily. ––– the bus doesn’t come? c) I have already taken my breakfast. ––– your breakfast? d) You are hungry now. ––– taking a sandwich? e) Mr. Islam would like to go abroad. ––– he arrived at the airport than the airliner landed. f) ––– your help, I would have been in real trouble. I am very grateful to you. g) ––– living in a forest? Some people in Africa live in the forest. h) His father ––– resign his job than continue it with dishonour. He is very determined to do so. i) The boy is very poor. He cannot earn his bread ––– education. j) Accessibility to higher education in our country is very difficult. Students must work hard ––– get themselves admitted into universities. 3. there used to would you mind however there what if what does...look like had better as soon as needn’t a) The exam was difficult. –––, I answered all of the questions correctly. b) A: ––– the teacher comes late? B: We’ll keep silent in the class. c) We ––– have booked a table. The restaurant is empty! d) It was a total disaster in the locality. ––– was a six-month supply of food and water-but not a soul to consume it. e) It ––– be difficult to buy fresh pasta in the UK. Now you can get it everywhere even in Bangladesh. f) We ––– go home. It’s getting dark. g) He’ll be back tomorrow. I’ll give him the message ––– I see him. h) Long ago ––– lived a hare in a forest. He was always proud of his speed. A tortoise also lived nearby. i) A: ––– my garden –––? B: It looks like a piece of heaven on earth. j) A: How can I help you? B: ––– taking the boxes into the room? 4. was born wish what’s...like need not would you mind there as fast as would rather had better a) Once upon a time ––– lived a young man named Androcles. He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man of another country. b) He is my friend for the last five years. But I did never ask him where he –––. c) I ––– resign my job than tolerate injustice. I have moral courage to raise voice against injustice. d) He can see well. He ––– ase any spectacle. e) I ––– could attend your birthday party. But I am sorry I will not be able to attend because of my examination. f) She came to our house but left immediately. It seemed she went out ––– lightning. g) It is very hot inside the room. I ––– go to the open space. h) A: ––– the tour –––? B: It’s great if you don’t mind the travel hazard. i) Flight lieutenant Birsrestha Matiur Rahman was a pilot in the Pakistan in the Pakistan Air Force when the liberation war broke out. He ––– on 29 November 1941 at his paternal house. j) A: ––– lending your ears to me? B: Oh, sure. What do you want to say? 5. there had better as if what does...look like let alone what if was born would rather have to it a) Robert Herrick was a poet and a clergyman. He ––– in London. b) He deals with me ––– I were his friend. But I do not know him. c) ––– was in China that the art of Bonsai originated perhaps more than 1000 years ago. d) It’s free. You don’t ––– pay for it. e) I ––– take coffee in lieu of tea. But I like both of them. f) I cannot ride a bicycle ––– a motor cycle. I have no money to buy any of them. g) Your mother is ill. So I think you ––– go home early. h) It’s going to become a little bit dangerous there, ––– we had it somewhere else? i) The Taj Mahal is the tomb of Mamtaj Mahal. But I have no idea about. ––– it –––. j) ––– will be somebody waiting for you at the bus stand. Hurry up. 6. There what’s it like Had better have to Would rather what if What does...look like It Let alone Was born a) ––– is a sunny day and seems that rain will not fall soon. You can go to college now. b) ––– his new pen –––? I have a nice pen. c) I cannot have a single farthing, ––– a dollar. How can I buy a new Honda? d) Many of our people do not like to speak in English. I ––– speak in English. e) ––– is no fish in the pond as the flood has inundated it recently. You will not get any fish here. f) ––– we hear any good news from him today? I hope that he will be very glad. g) We ––– do it for the sake of the country, particularly for the poor. The poor live from hand to mouth. h) You ––– sell the village home considering the future of your children. You should educate your children properly. i) The inventor of printing, Johan Gutenberg ––– in 1400 in the city of Mainz, Germany. His contribution is praiseworthy. j) ––– living in a crowded city? You seem to be unhappy living in a crowded city. 7. There was born would rather as well as used to as if had better let alone had to lest a) His income is very poor. He cannot buy an ordinary watch, ––– a costly one. b) He saw a bear coming towards him. So he climbed up a tree ––– the bear might attack him. c) Our young generation are following western culture ––– they were born in foreign countries. d) The bridge grew old. They ––– repair it. e) It is a popular restaurant. We ––– reserve a table. f) Don’t worry. It will take some time to get ––– a new place. g) It is autumn. They ––– make a journey by boat than a journey by train. h) ––– was a time when people used to travel by walking or riding on animals. But at present a revolutionary change has taken place in the transport system. i) Humayun Ahmed was a teacher, author, dramatist, playwright and filmmaker. He ––– on 13 November 1948. j) I studied psychology, medicine ––– working in a hospital to gain experience. 8. as if what’s it like as soon as would rather what if have to there it let alone had better a) A cultural function is going to be held in our college. ––– putting up the drama ‘Rakta Karabi’ by Rabindranath Tagore? b) She cannot speak properly in the class, ––– addressing before a large audience. She is naturally shy and introvert. c) You are depending on his money. ––– he fails to give you the money in proper time? He is not reliable. d) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ––– he knew the ins and outs of the incident. e) I went there to meet him. ––– I saw him, I rushed to him. f) You ––– strart for college early. The sky is getting cloudy and it might rain soon. g) I ––– seek his help. A great deal of work is still pending. h) ––– is not wise for us to wait here for her. What if she does not come at all? i) To be successful in life we ––– be disciplined. Because without leading a disciplined life, none can be great. j) Once ––– lived a farmer in a village. He lived a totally carefree life. He never thought of his future. 9. was born have to as long as what’s it like would rather it is high time let alone it what does...look like as if a) Corruption is a great sin. I ––– die than become corrupt. b) ––– living in bohemian style? c) Aristotle, a great philosopher, ––– in 384 BC. d) Mahin knows a little about internet browsing but he speaks ––– he knew everything. e) We are losing our valuable working hours as a result of traffic jam. ––– we solved this problem. f) I met him one month ago. I can hardly recall his name, ––– his address. g) ––– our house –––? h) You ––– be careful when you are crossing the road. The road is really busy. i) None can live without hope. Infact, ––– there is life there is hope. j) ––– seems that he is very sick. He can’t even talk to us. 10. as soon as what’s it like What does...look like would rather as if there was born had better let alone have to a) Health is wealth. So we all ––– follow the rules of health. b) ––– was a king named Lear. He had three daughters. c) I cannot even remember his name, ––– his address. d) ––– eating an unboiled egg? This must be injurious to health. e) I ––– apply for the job. Unemployed life seems very boring to me now. f) He needed our help. We ––– help him than walk home. g) We spent much time. We should now conclude ––– possible. h) He ––– with a silver spoon. But now he leads a very miserable life. i) Kashem comes of a poor family. But his activities are such ––– he were born into a rich family. j) Teacher: ––– your sister –––,Jenny? 11. far and wide so that enough to Crocodile tears all the best make sense rule out keep body & soul together as though as soon as a) This is a wrong proposal. People will ––– the proposal. b) He made abrupt comments which hardly –––. This is his nature. c) After a long time we are meeting. I wish you –––. d) He caused pains to me. Now he sheds ––– for me. e) The poor earn very little to –––. They cannot hope for the best. f) His fame spread –––. He is a famous professor. g) ––– he came, we all stood up. He is our principal. h) He is wise ––– understand what I say. He is my close friend. i) He walked very fast ––– he could reach there in time. j) The unknown person talked ––– he were mad. 12. there what does....look like let alone as soon as as if have to what’s it like would rather had better was born a) We ––– be conscious about environment pollution. It's, our duty to keep the environment clean and danger free. b) You ––– go to the concert than stay at home. The concert is always enjoyable. c) We ––– stop cutting down trees. Deforestation is detrimental to environment. d) He can't recall the incident, ––– the cause of it. He became a victim of it. e) It looks ––– it’s going to rain. Eveybody expects rain. f) I plan to move ––– I find another apartment. I want to live in an apartment. g) ––– listening to others? You don't want to talk to others. h) Daughter Mom, ––– an albatross –––? i) ––– seemed to be no doubt about it. It is wonderful. j) Sir Walter Scott was both a poet and a novelist. He ––– in 1771. 13. had better as long as there have to in case lest let alone as if what if hardly had a) Our parents sacrifice a lot for us. We ––– abide by them. b) ––– we reached the station before the train left. c) Here is nobody to help me. Please help me ––– I call you. d) Mother is calling you. You ––– go home. e) Once upon a time ––– lived an honest woodcutter in a village. f) He is a poor man. He cannot afford to travel by an AC bus, ––– by an airplane. g) We are in the room. ––– it rains outside? h) She has an urgent piece of business in Dhaka. She should start ––– she can. i) The wooden bridge was very old. The villagers repaired it ––– it might break down. j) The boy made a pure fun. He acted ––– he were mad. 14. had better there was born no sooner had would you mind enough to as soon as had to what does...look like would rather a) The road was very busy. He ––– drive carefully. b) He is close fisted man. He ––– deposit his money in a bank than spend it for own use. c) My father is physically fit. He is fit ––– run for miles at a stretch. d) A : ––– your cell phone? B : It is quite slim and light. e) ––– the teacher entered the class room, the students stood up. f) He is very sick. He ––– go to a doctor. g) Many well off people live in our district. But ––– is no good school here. h) Dr. Muhammad Yunus is a man of Nobel laureate. He ––– in Chattogram. i) ––– he received the message than he sent me. j) I offer you a cup of tea, ––– taking it? 15. has to let alone what if lest as if in case it is time wished used to what’s...like a) You had better take the keys ––– I am out. b) The teacher was angry as he did not do his homework. He ––– he had done his homework. c) There is not enough room for us, ––– any guests. d) He is suffering from diabetes. He ––– give up sugar. e) English is very important for us. ––– we adopted proper steps for learning English. f) We have to catch the 4:30 bus. ––– he comes late? g) He is ––– driving at a high speed. It can be very dangerous. h) A : ––– the university admission test? B : It's really hard and competitive. i) He went on speaking ––– I had not said anything. j) He saved some money for the future. He did so ––– he should fall into monetary crisis. 16. could not as though it is should have had had finished had to no sooner in case neither a) Rabindranath was living in London. He ––– live with an English family there. b) I have invited some colleagues to dinner. I will buy some candles ––– there is a power-cut. c) We reached the station at the eleventh hour. ––– had we reached the station than the train started. d) I was in a hurry. I ––– talk to her. e) Tired as I was I ––– the work. Then I went to bed. f) She always dislikes him. He behaves ––– he were mad. g) He does not know what he wants. He is ––– satisfied nor happy. h) I ––– my lunch before you came. Where did you go? i) ––– five years since I saw you. When are you coming back? j) You failed the test because you didn't study. You ––– studied for the test. 17. act upto there would rather have to broke though keep up broke away coming down cut off come by a) We missed our train. We ––– return home. b) I am already late for the college. I ––– start right now. c) He searched every corner of his room. ––– wasn’t any book in the room. d) He is a good boy. He always ––– his teacher's advice. e) A war broke out in the border. The soldiers ––– the enemy’s line f) Police block all the roads. Because a convict ––– from the prison. g) This is a very valuable stone. How did you ––– this stone? h) You spend a lot of money. Try to ––– your budget. i) You have done well in the examination, –––it –––. j) The price of rice is –––. It will reduce the sufferings of the people. 18. used to what if provided what’s...like in case would rather let alone as though scarcely had lest a) The man takes an umbrella ––– it rains. b) They will be playing football ––– the weather is propitious. c) I helped him in his danger but he spoke with me ––– I were a stranger to him. d) ––– the rain stopped when we resumed our journey. e) He ––– reveal the truth than hide it. f) Work with honesty and sincerity ––– you should suffer in the long run. g) The man is old and feeble. He can't walk properly, ––– run a race. h) You got GPA 5 in the previous exam. ––– you will fail in the coming HSC exam? i) There is a big play ground near our college. I ––– play there in my boyhood. j) ––– your new abode –––? 19. as if as fast as what’s it like would rather as soon as what if let alone had better lest would you mind a) We are a developing nation. We should make the best use of our resources ––– we might lag behind. b) ––– jumping from plane with a parachute? It must be thrilling. c) I stopped ––– I met my friend. It is many years since I saw him last. d) It is noon. But it is dark all around as the cloud has covered the sky. It looks –––itwere evening. e) Salam feels pain in his chest. He ––– go back to the hospital for a scan next week. f) Though I am poor, I hate begging. I ––– die than beg. g) The box is too heavy for me to carry. ––– helping me to carry it? h) I am now hot in a position to lend you one thousand taka, ––– one lakh. i) A: ––– you miss the college bus? B : No problem. I will hire a taxi. j) A : The time is very short. Write ––– you can. B : I’m trying my best. 20. as soon as had to let alone according to as if no sooner had had better would rather look forward to would have a) These students must succeed. They are studying ––– their teachers' instructions. b) My friend is a fearless soldier. He ––– die than surrender. c) We were not late to start. But ––– we reached the venue than the doors were closed. d) The company chief is not much rigid. If he had been requested properly, he ––– granted your appeal. e) Nelson Mandela became president. But he ––– spend decades behind the bars before that. f) She doesn’t even speak her own language well, ––– French. g) ––– he caught sight of a policeman, he ran away. h) She felt ––– all her worries had gone. i) Kennedy once said, "I ––– an America which will not be afraid of grace and beauty." j) You need a smooth journey. So, you ––– go by train. 21. what if let alone had better get used to used to look down upon would rather as soon as what’s it like there a) She is averse to literature. She does not admire tragedy, ––– poetry. b) The hunter aimed at a bird. ––– he pulled the string of the bow, it flew away. c) ––– stood a tea stall under the banyan tree. d) The whole area is already covered by rain water. –––, it rains again? e) The canal had silted up making it difficult for the villagers to transport their agricultural produces. They ––– re-excavate it. f) You look ill. You ––– stay at home than go to work. g) Teach your child not to ––– the downtrodden. This teaching will make him sympathetic. h) In ancient time, people were helpless. They ––– fight against the wild animals. i) I have no idea of ––– going on a long drive. I had never such an occasion in my life. j) ––– walking in the morning. Walking is very important to keep a sound health. 22. would you mind whether...or let alone as soon as provided that have to what does ....look like would rather as if had better a) It is all the same to me ––– you come ––– not. b) It is obligatory for all to participate in campaign. Riaz ––– join us if he is physically fit. c) Russel: Have you ever seen an EGC machine? Ruffi: No, I haven’t. Have you? ––– it –––? d) I ––– have a walk around than sit idly. I like the surroundings very much here. e) The cut on your forehead looks serious. You ––– put a plaster on it. f) He doesn’t know how to speak decently, ––– to behave politely. g) It is raining heavily. 1 wouldn't go out ––– the rain stops. h) The audience burst into roar ––– Messi scored a goal at the last minute of the match. i) After the interruption, the speaker went on talking ––– nothing had happened. j) I can't understand the topic. ––– helping me get it? 23. as if have to as soon as it was born let alone would rather there had better what if a) We ––– pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar than the Sundarbans. We have already visited the Sundarbans. b) The storm was raging violently. We got out ––– it abated. c) Fardin is always boastful of his uncles. He talks ––– they were the most powerful men in the country. d) My college is far away from our house. I ––– walk a long way to go to my college. e) Jasim Uddin is a rural poet. He ––– in 1903 in a village named Tambulkhana in Faridpur. f) ––– is very hot today. Load shedding is aggravating the situation. g) Maruf cannot earn 50 marks ––– 80 marks. He is a student of average standard. h) ––– are many mango trees around our home. They give us very sweet mangoes. i) Faiaz seems to be weak. He ––– consult an experienced doctor. j) The river is calm. ––– we swim in the river? To swim in the river is a nice experience. 24. would you mind used to as if as soon as let alone had better it would rather so that what if a) He acts ––– he were rich. So nobody likes him. b) ––– eating sea fish? I think you will enjoy a lot. c) Aloka can’t afford to buy a cell phone, ––– a laptop. Actually she is very poor. d) It may rain today. You ––– leave earlier. e) Sometimes we become speechless remembering our childhood memories. We ––– swim in the river. f) ––– is many years since we first met. How time does fly! g) His mother being sick, he needs to go home ––– possible. h) We ––– develop our humanity than observe hartal and strike. Let us change our destructive culture. i) There started a heavy storm when I was about to go out. ––– I had been out there? j) He took a part time job ––– he could earn some money. He was very sincere. 25. as soon as what does...look like what if what’s it like it had better was born let alone have to would rather a) Deforestation is a matter of great concern. We ––– take immediate steps against cutting down trees at random. b) To tell a lie is a great sin. We ––– die than tell a lie. Otherwise none will believe us. c) Helmet should be used while driving a motorcycle. ––– you were driving your bike and met a serious accident? d) ––– swimming in the sea? It seems to be very heroic to me. e) ––– mother heard the news, she cried loudly. She lost her child in a car accident. f) Rome was not built in a day. ––– took a long time and hard labour to build this city. g) Rahman is a poor man. He cannot buy a shirt, ––– a car. h) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our rebel poet. He ––– in Churulia of West Bengal. i) Rina’s dress looks very dirty. It is old enough. She ––– buy a new dress. j) Rana: Hi, Robi ––– a pea-cock –––? Robi: It’s a very nice bird. It knows how to dance. 26. there what if have to No sooner had would rather lest as if let alone What does...look like be born a) The students were loitering in the corridor. ––– they seen the teacher than they entered the classroom. b) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the father of our nation. He ––– in 1920 in Tungipara of Gopalganj district. c) I can’t stand Rubel. He always acts ––– he were smarter than everyone. d) The little girl was suddenly crossing the road. A bus was passing by. As it came near the girl, the driver halted it. ––– he wouldn’t have stopped the bus? e) Shoma ––– live in a hostel than live in her relative’s home. She feels free and comfortable in the hostel. f) You started late. Now, you are walking slowly. Walk fast ––– you should miss the bus. g) He is very poor. He can’t afford to travel by an AC bus ––– an aeroplane. h) Daughter : Mom, ––– an albatross ––– ? Mother :My dear, an albatross is a very large white bird that lives in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. i) Logn ago, ––– lived a mighty warrior named Kublai Khan. He was the grandson of Chenghis Khan. j) I ––– seek advice from a doctor. I have been suffering from fever for a long time. 27. as if let alone what does...look like was born there what’s it like have to as soon as had better would rather a) In modern times, ––– has been a great change in the attitude of man regarding superstitious belief. b) Our learners develop a very poor writing skill. They cannot write fairly well even in Bangla, ––– in English. c) Some city dwellers behaviour is often too formal. They speak in such a way ––– they were never in the village. d) I have never travelled by air. ––– flying in the sky? e) Riaz : ––– the frozen mountain peak –––? Purnima : It looks like a white dome. f) Sheela is suffering from tooth-ache. She ––– see a dentist. g) Play is delayed due to rain. It will resume ––– the rain stops. h) Sohel is a very good-natured boy. He ––– stay at home than mix with bad companions. i) Milton was a poet of versatile genius. He ––– in 1608 in England. He used to believe that one should start a profession after taking necessary preparations. j) We have discussed for quite a long time. We can’t take much time any more. We ––– come to a conclusion. 28. it is high time in case lest as though no sooner had unless would you mind have to used to as long as a) There is foul smell in the room. ––– opening the windows? b) Tomorrow I will be very busy. So, I’ll say good-bye now ––– I don’t see you again. c) We ––– educate all and work hard to develop our country. d) Nobody likes Karim at all. He talks ––– he knew everything. e) The poor will continue to suffer ––– they are illiterate. f) Nobody likes you here. ––– you left this place. g) He saw a bear coming towards him. So, he climbed up a tree ––– the bear might attack him. h) Everybody disliked Rakib. He ––– do many harmful activities. i) Time is very important in our life. You cannot prosper in life ––– you make proper use of time. j) The students were talking in the class. ––– the teacher entered the class than they stopped talking. 29. there as soon as what does...look like was born what if has to as if what’s it like let alone would rather a) It was 45 years ago when a new country named Bangladesh in the world map ––– at the cost of millions of lives. b) During the liberation war of Bangladesh ––– was a great American singer George Harrison who sang for Bangladesh. c) ––– living in Bangladesh? You seem to be very happy with your life in Bangladesh. d) My foreign friend told me, “you ––– leave this country than live here. I replied, “This is my motherland.” e) In 1971 the Pakistani army did terrible atrocities against the Bangladeshis. Pakistan ––– apologize for this to Bangladesh. f) Pakistan always plays a role against Bangladesh. We cannot expect any co-operation from them ––– apology. g) The elements of anti-liberation forces came out of their cocoons ––– the father of the nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed. h) Some persons living in Bangladesh always try to make conspiracy against thecountry ––– Bangladesh were not their own country. i) The authorities of Dhaka University cut ties with Pakistan. ––– the government of Bangladesh takes initiatives to cut off diplomatic relation with Pakistan? j) Teacher: Learners, ––– the national flower of Bangladesh ––– ? 30. had better let alone as if as soon as was born what does...look like there would you mind it would rather a) The room appears to be suffocating. ––– opening the windows? b) It is raining outside. You ––– take an umbrella. c) He cannot read newspaper, ––– edit a newspaper. d) ––– lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. e) You look tired. ––– appears to me that you have worked hard. f) Ismail is a symbol of versatile genius. He ––– in a needy family. g) ––– a dinosaur –––? Have you ever seen it? h) He proceeded ––– he had never seen me. His defiant behaviour offended me. i) Panic seized me ––– I heard his roaring voice. j) Though I am in dire need of money,I ––– die than seek any financial help from him. 31. let alone as if as soon as had better what’s like if it would rather have to there a) I met him ten years ago. I can hardly recall his name, ––– his address. b) ––– has been many years since I saw him. So, I cannot recognize him. c) Don’t behave ––– you knew everything. Remember all others here are senior to you. d) You ––– build your own house than live in a rented house. House rent has increased much nowadays. e) Give him the good news ––– you meet him. f) ––– are many rivers in Bangladesh. The rivers abound with plenty of fishes. g) ––– I had a typewriter, I would type well. h) You ––– consult with a doctor. The condition of your health may deteriorate. i) ––– he –––? He is friendly and he can help you. j) Time is over. I ––– go now. 32. there let alone it as if what... look like have to as soon as was born had better would rather a) We ––– not go out today. A riot has broken out in our locality. b) ––– is a good idea to walk in the morning. One can take it as an important form of physical exercise, because it refreshes both the body and mind. c) Do you often ––– travel on business? You are always seen travelling abroad. d) Long ago, ––– lived a very pious man. His name was Hatem Tai and he was very kind-hearted. e) ––– does a clown –––? You’ve seen a clown in the circus many a time. f) ––– I see my father coming, my heart fills up with joy. I am very much fond of my father. g) I got a job at a bar. But I hate working at a bar. I ––– be a waiter than a barman. h) Kazi Nazrul Islam ––– in an impoverished family. He had to earn even when he was a small boy. i) The economic condition of Robi is very poor. He cannot afford one meal per day ––– square meals. j) After the final match of the FIFA World Cup 2014, Messi looked ––– he were completely routed. His cherished dream had been shattered. 33. unless let alone it there would you mind as if neither had better as as fast as the older...the more a) When my brother was a child, he wouldn’t look at all like my father. ––– he gets, ––– he looks like him. b) ––– are hundreds of languages spoken regularly by human beings. But everywhere of the world people speak English. c) A: They won’t be enjoying a holiday this year. B: ––– we. d) It is admitted by all that a deer can run fast. But it cannot run ––– a Cheetah. e) He loves his garden very much. He does not allow his sons to pluck anyflower,––– other children. f) I cannot carry the box on my back. ––– taking the box into the room? g) ––– is very difficult to get good grade in Bengali and English. h) It is getting dark. You ––– go home right now. i) The man was seriously injured in an accident. He would have died ––– he had been taken to a nearby hospital. j) The boy talks too much of himself. He talks ––– he knew everything. 34. had better was born would rather as soon as let alone in order to has to as if whenever there a) The students were making a noise in the class. But ––– the teacher entered the class, they kept quiet. b) It was a hot summer day. A crow felt very thirsty. So it was flying here and there ––– find water. c) Panna was a criminal. So he was always on his toes. ––– he saw the police, he hid himself. d) The man is so weak that he cannot walk. He cannot walk even a kilometer ––– five kilometers. e) ––– is a nice kitchen garden just behind our house. So we can get fresh vegetables from there. f) I am too tired to talk. I can no longer give you company. You ––– leave me and let me take rest. g) Though I am poor, I hate begging. Begging is most disreputable. I ––– die than beg. h) Michail Madhusudan Dutt was a popular Bengali poet. He ––– in a sophisticated Hindu family, but he took Christianity when he was young. i) My friend Ratul talks ––– he were a millionaire. But he comes of an impoverished family. Moreover, he is good for nothing. j) Rana is a meritorious student. He is the first boy in our class. He ––– study hard and work more to maintain his position in the class. 35. but for used to was born no sooner had had better as if it what do you mean has to what’s the matter a) Shamsur Rahman ––– in Dhaka in 1929. He is famous both as a poet and a novelist. b) ––– Diamond jumped upon the table than the lighted candle fell on the papers. It caused a great damage to Newton’s research works. c) You ––– apply to the principal of your college for granting you a stipend. He will surely see on it. d) Thomas Alva Edison was very inquisitive in his childhood. He ––– do many harmful activities. However, he made a lot of inventions. e) One evening I returned home groaning with a bad headache. My mother asked me, “––– with you? Why do you look so pale? f) ––– your timely intervention, I would have been assaulted by them. I was just a victim of circumstances. g) –––? How can a rope bite a man? It is quite unbelievable. h) He tells the matter ––– he knew it. Actually, he is quite ignorant of it. i) ––– is a good idea to walk in the morning. Morning walk is very healthful. j) A good citizen ––– perform a lot of things. These things will enable him to become a true patriot. 36. as if was born as soon as it what does...look like there have to let alone would rather had better a) Manners make a man. Students ––– practice good manners in everyday life. b) Most students in our country are weak in English. They ––– follow the advice of their teachers for improvement. c) He tries to show off his knowledge in English. He speaks English ––– he were an Englishman. d) Cox’s Bazar is a popular tourist hub. ––– are many nice hotels for tourists. e) The other day I met an old rickshawpuller. He told me that he ––– pull a rickshaw than beg. f) A poor man struggles hard to survive in our country. He can hardly earn Tk. 200 a day, ––– Tk. 2000. g) In Dhaka city, traffic jam is very common. ––– may occur anywhere anytime. h) Smoking is one of the major causes of heart attack and cancer. ––– a smoker stops smoking, he can avoid the risk of any danger. i) Have you ever heard the name of William Shakespeare? He ––– on 23rd April, 1564 in England. He was one of the greatest dramatists of the world. j) Son : Dad, ––– an alien –––? Father : Well. Aliens are believed to come from another planet. Films and science fiction tell us about them. They are really awesome. 37. was born would you mind there would rather what does...look like as if let alone had better have to as soon as a) He cannot tell my name, ––– my address. He is lying. b) The Bangladeshi cricketers have done well in the World Cup. They ––– struggle more to win the World Cup. c) ––– the earth –––? It’s not completely round. d) I ––– walk than get on the bus. This time the bus is very crowded. e) ––– I reached the station, the train left. Really I was lucky. f) Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was a great linguist. He ––– in 1885 A.D. g) He acts ––– he were rich. So nobody likes him. h) You look sick. You ––– go home immediately. i) ––– was a boy at the door. He wanted to talk to me. j) ––– eating sea fish? I think you will enjoy a lot. 38. was born what’s...like it it let alone there would rather as soon as had better as if what if a) ––– your family –––? Our family is not so big. It’s comparatively small. b) Today is a raining day. You ––– not go to office today. c) I have a bad headache. I ––– go to doctor. d) ––– lived an old man in a village. He was very wise. e) My sister is acting ––– she were all in all. She always acts like this way. f) I’ll call you ––– I arrive. Then we will go to market. g) Prabha can’t afford to buy a cell phone, ––– a laptop. Actually she is very poor. h) Punctuality is the habit of doing things exactly in time. ––– is, of course, a good habit. i) Tajuddin Ahmed, the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh, ––– in 1925. He was a wise man. j) Rina : ––– we miss the bus? Mina : We will take a taxi then. 39. there what if was born had better as long as let alone have to as if it as soon as a) ––– is really unfortunate for a boy like him to fail in the exam. b) He cannot score a goal, ––– a hattrick. c) His mother being sick, he needs to go home ––– possible. d) The manager says alone; It seems ––– others had nothing to say. e) No one is happy with her result; She ––– understand it. f) ––– you lose your pen? g) ––– lived a very clever fox in a jungle. h) The poor will continue to suffer ––– they are illiterate. i) Zahir Raihan ––– on 19 August, 1935 in Feni. j) We ––– educate all and work hard to develop our country. 40. had better there have to would rather let alone as if it what’s it like was born as soon as a) Motin’s father is a low paid service holder. He has no ability to buy a bi-cycle for his son, ––– a motor bike. b) I’ve never travelled by air. ––– travelling in the sky? c) Let’s go to the cinema. ––– is not worth waiting any longer. d) I am tired. I ––– stay at home than go outside. e) You look very anxious. And you cannot continue your study any longer. You ––– take rest. f) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ––– he knew the ins and outs of the incident. g) Salam feels pain in his chest. He ––– go back to the hospital for a scan next week. h) Tagore ––– in 1861. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. i) ––– is no fish here. It is a swimming pool. j) I went there to meet with him. ––– I saw him, I rushed to talk to him. Worksheet on Phrases/Words with special use-5.1 Answer 1. Solution: (a) was born (b) As soon as (c) had better (d) would rather (e) there (f) as though (g) let alone (h) have to what if (j) What's it like 2. Solution: (a) no longer (b) What if (c) What about (d) Would you mind (e) No sooner had (f) But for (g) What’s it like (h) would rather (i) let alone (j) in order to 3. Solution: (a) However (b) What if (c) needn't (d) There (e) used to (f) had better (g) as soon as (h) there (i) What does ... look like (j) Would you mind 4. Solution: (a) there (b) was born (c) would rather (d) need not (e) wish (f) as fast as (g) had better (h) What’s.... like (i) was born (j) would you mind 5. Solution: (a) was born (b) as if (c) It (d) have to (e) would rather (f) let alone (g) had better (h) what if (i) what does ... look like (j) There 6. Solution: (a) It (b) What does ... look like (c) let alone (d) would rather (e) There (f) What If (g) have to (h) had better (i) was born (j) What’s it like 7. Solution: (a) let alone (b) lest (c) as if (d) had to (e) had better (f) used to (g) would rather (h) There (i) was born (j) as well as 8. Solution: (a) What’s it like (b) let alone (c) What if (d) as if (e) As soon as (f) had better (g) have to (h) It (i) would rather (j) there 9. Solution: (a) would rather (b) What's it like (c) was born (d) as if (e) It is high time (f) let alone (g) What does ... look like (h) have to (i) as long as (j) It 10. Solution: (a) have to (b) There (c) let alone (d) What’s it like (e) had better (f) would rather (g) as soon as (h) was born (i) as if (j) What does ... look like 11. Solution: (a) rule out (b) make sense (c) all the best (d) crocodile tears (e) keep body and soul together (f) far and wide (g) As soon as (h) enough to (i) so that (j) as though 12. Solution: (a) have to (b) would rather (c) had ( better (d) let alone (e) as if (f) as soon; as (g) What's it like (h) What does ... look like (i) There (j) was born 13. Solution: (a) have to (b) Hardly had (c) in case (d) had better (e) there (f) let alone (g) What if (h) as long as (i) lest (j) as if 14. Solution: (a) had to (b) would rather (c) enough to (d) What does ... look like? (e) A soon as (f) had better (g) there (h) was born (i) No sooner had (j) Would you mind 15. Solution: (a) in case (b) wished (c) let alone (d) has to (e) It is time (f) What if (g) used to (h) What's ... like (i) as if (j) lest 16. Solution: (a) had to (b) in case (c) No sooner (d) could not (e) finished (f) as though (g) neither (h) had had (i) It is (j) should have 17. Solution: (a) had to (b) would rather (c) There (d) acts upto (e) broke through (f) broke away (g) come by (h) cut off (i) keep (it) up (j) coming down 18. Solution: (a) in case (b) provided (c) as though (d) Scarcely had (e) would rather (f) lest (g) let alone (h) What if (i) used to (j) What’s ... like 19. Solution: (a) lest (b) What’s it like (c) as soon as (d) as if (e) had better (f) would rather (g) Would you mind (h) let alone (i) What if (j) as fast as 20. Solution: (a) according to (b) would rather (c) no sooner had (d) would have (e) had to (f) let alone (g) As soon as (h) as if (i) look forward to (j) had better 21. Solution: (a) let alone (b) As soon as (c) There (d) What if (e) had better (f) would rattier (g) look down upon (h) used to (i) what’s it like (j) Get used to 22. Solution: (a) whether... or (b) had better (c) What does it look like? (d) would rather (e) have to (f) let alone (g) unless (h) as soon as (i) as if (j) Would you mind 23. Solution: (a) would rather (b) as soon as (c) as if (d) have to (e) was born (f) It (g) let alone (h) There (i) had better (j) What if 24. Solution(a)as if (b) Would you mind (c) let alone (d) had better (e) used to (f) It (g) as soon as (h) would rather (i) What if (j) so that 25. Solution: (a) have to (b) would rather (c) What if (d) What’s it like (e) As soon as (f) It (g) let alone (h) was born (i) had better (j) what does ... look like 26. Solution: (a) No sooner had (b) was born (c) as if (d) What if (e) would rather (f) lest (g) let alone (h) what does ... look like (i) there (j) have to 27. Solution: (a) there (b) let alone (c) as if (d) What's it like (e) What does ... look like (f) had better (g) as soon as (h) would rather (i) was born (j) have to 28. Solution: (a) Would you mind (b) in case (c) have to (d) as though (e) as long as (f) It is high time (g) lest (h) used to (i) unless (j) No sooner had 29. Solution: (a) was born (b) there (c) What's it like (d) would rather (e) has to/ had to (f) let alone (g) as soon as (h) as if (i) What if (j) what does ... look like 30. Solution: (a) Would you mind (b) had better (c) let alone (d) There (e) It (f) was born (g) What does ... look like (h) as if (i) as soon as (j) would rather 31. Solution: (a) let alone (b) it (c) as if (d) would rather (e) as soon as (f) There (g) If (h) had better (i) What's ... like (j) have to 32. Solution: (a) had better (b) It (c) have to (d) there (e) What ... look like (f) As soon as (g) would rather (h) was born (i) let alone (j) as if 33. Solution: (a) The older ... the more (b) There (c) Neither will (d) as fast as (e) let alone (f) Would you mind (g) It (h) had better (i) unless (j) as if 34. Solution: (a) as soon as (b) in order to (c) Whenever (d) let alone (e) There (f) had better (g) would rather (h) was born (i) as if (j) has to 35. Solution: (a) was born (b) No sooner had (c) had better (d) Used to (e) What’s the matter (f) But for (g) What do you mean (h) as if (i) It (j) has to 36. Solution: (a) had better (b) have to (c) as if (d) There (e) would rather (f) let alone (g) It (h) As soon as (i) was born (j) What does ... look like 37. Solution: (a) let alone (b) have to (c) What ...look like (d) would rather (e) As soon as (f) was born (g) as if (h) had better (i) There (j) Would you mind 38. Solution: (a) What's ... like (b) would rather (c) had better (d) There (e) as if (f) as soon as (g) let alone (h) It (i) was born (j) What if 39. Solution: (a) It (b) let alone (c) as soon as (d) as if (e) had better (f) What if (g) There (h) as long as (i) was born (j) have to 40. Solution: (a) let alone (b) What's it like (c) It (d) would rather (e) have to (I) as if (g) had better (h) was born (i) There (j) As soon as

Nouns Nouns are simply the names we give to everything around us, whether it be a person, an event, a place or an object, etc. Every particular name used to define something is a noun. E.g. : Amsterdam, Anita, Blackberry, Honesty, Waiter, etc. The names given to a group of noun to identify them as a whole are called Collective Nouns. E.g.: pride of lions, gaggle of geese etc. Nouns or pronouns can also modify themselves to show possession of another noun, usually by attaching‘s to the end of the noun. These nouns that show possession are called Possessive Nouns. Sometimes nouns have different forms for different genders, although this practice has been largely abandoned by the people who prefer to use the same noun for both genders. For example - Actor (male) - Actress (female), but people nowadays refer to women who act as female actors rather than actresses. Most nouns can be converted into plural forms by adding ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ at the end of the word. E.g.: box-boxes, cat-cats, echo-echoes , etc. But some nouns require the last consonant to be modified before adding ‘-es’. For e.g.: the ‘Y’ in ‘city’ changes to ‘I’ to form cities, kitty to kitties and ‘f’ to ‘v’ in dwarf to dwarves, wharf to wharves, etc. Some nouns become plurals irregularly by changing the entire word: mouse- mice, ox - oxen, etc. You can learn more about Plurals here: How to make Plurals : Making Plurals-Easy Guide Grammarians have divided nouns into different categories based on their use and purpose. Learning these divisions within the nouns will help in sentence construction and vocabulary. The different types of Nouns are - PROPER NOUNS These nouns are the names of specific people and places. These nouns also refer to the names of the days of weeks and months, and also the various names for religions, organizations, institutions, etc. Proper nouns basically refer to the names that are specific to that particular noun. These nouns are always capitalised as they need to be distinct from other nouns. William Shakespeare was a playwright. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific person. I will be visiting New York next month. - Proper noun that is the name of a specific place. Everyone dislikes Monday mornings. - The names of days are proper nouns. The holy book of Islam is the Koran. - Name of a religion and religious text. COMMON NOUNS These are the nouns that are used to denote a general category of people, places or things. They are capitalized only when they are at the beginning of a sentence. Common Nouns don’t refer to something specific rather they are a general term used for every noun of a particular kind or type. The boys went to play cricket. - Both boys and cricket are common nouns as they can refer to any boy or any cricket match. There is nothing specified by these nouns. This neighbourhood is one of the best in the area. - Here neighbourhood is the common noun as there are innumerable neighbourhoods all over the world. She was trying to answer her phone while buying coffee. - Here we see phone and coffee that both are general indicators of the object and the drink. ABSTRACT NOUNS These nouns are the names of things that we cannot perceive through our five senses of touching, smelling, seeing, hearing and tasting. These nouns can also refer to medical conditions related to the mind and are also used to express thoughts. She screamed with great delight. - Delight is an abstract noun as it tells about the state of a person’s mind and any actual physical thing. His bravery in the war won him a medal. - The abstract noun bravery is used to name the motivation behind certain actions made by people. One should learn to be as independent as possible. – Here, independent describes a state or a way of being, hence it is an abstract noun. COUNTABLE NOUNS The nouns that fall under this category are the ones that have both singular and plural forms. They can be counted either relatively or completely, and form plurals to associate with plural verbs in a sentence. They can also be expressed in numerical terms I need to buy four new suitcases for my trip. - Suitcase (s) is a countable noun as adding ‘s’ to it makes it plural. Does anyone want some oranges? - Here some is being used to count the noun orange(s). She had a pet dog. - Dog is also a countable noun as its plural is dogs. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS These nouns are the exact opposite of Countable Nouns. These nouns are the names of things that cannot be counted and have only a singular form. These nouns use singular verbs in a sentence. The furniture was damaged in moving out. - Furniture is an uncountable noun and therefore, we use the singular ‘was’ in referring to it. Is 250gms of sugar enough? - Here, sugar is an uncountable noun as sugar itself cannot be counted. It can only be weighed. He always answers questions with honesty. - Honesty is an uncountable noun as it has no plural and cannot be counted in physical terms either. List of Nouns, Noun Examples Nouns Exercise 1 Actor Garden Oil Advertisement Gas Orange Afternoon Ghost Oxygen Airport Girl Oyster Ambulance Glass Painting Animal Gold Parrot Answer Grass Pencil Apple Greece Piano Army Guitar Pillow Australia Hair Pizza Balloon Hamburger Planet Banana Helicopter Plastic Battery Helmet Portugal Beach Holiday Potato Beard Honey Queen Bed Horse Quill Belgium Hospital Rain Boy House Rainbow Branch Hydrogen Raincoat Breakfast Ice Refrigerator Brother Insect Restaurant Camera Insurance River Candle Iron Rocket Car Island Room Caravan Jackal Rose Carpet Jelly Russia Cartoon Jewellery Sandwich China Jordan School Church Juice Scooter Crayon Kangaroo Shampoo Crowd King Shoe Daughter Kitchen Soccer Death Kite Spoon Denmark Knife Stone Diamond Lamp Sugar Dinner Lawyer Sweden Disease Leather Teacher Doctor Library Telephone Dog Lighter Television Dream Lion Tent Dress Lizard Thailand Easter Lock Tomato Egg London Toothbrush Eggplant Lunch Traffic Egypt Machine Train Elephant Magazine Truck Energy Magician Uganda Engine Manchester Umbrella England Market Van Evening Match Vase Eye Microphone Vegetable Family Monkey Vulture Finland Morning Wall Fish Motorcycle Whale Flag Nail Window Flower Napkin Wire Football Needle Xylophone Forest Nest Yacht Fountain Nigeria Yak France Night Zebra Furniture Notebook Zoo Garage Ocean Collective Nouns Collective nouns are the name we give to a group of nouns to refer to them as one entity. The most common method of doing this is by using words like group or bunch that can be applicable to most of the nouns in the language today. But there are some specific names given for certain groups of nouns to make things more interesting and funny. Now, these collective nouns are not based in scientific thought or fact. Most of them come from the poetry and imagination of early to late Medieval English times e.g. - an eloquence of lawyers – Eloquence itself is defined as fine persuasion in speaking or writing, so this particular collective noun is a comment on the profession of lawyers while being their collective noun as well. The same goes for the collective nouns we find for animals; the names arose from 15th century French and English hunting traditions, where hunting was common and names and terms were given to all aspects of the sport. These names were called Terms of Venery and it had become a tradition of the court to keep extending the list and by the 1500s the list was up-to 165 items long. Here we have listed some of the more commonly used collective nouns for humans, animals and objects. These collective nouns are commonly used under the category of people. A class of students. An army of soldiers. A choir of singers. A crew of sailors. A band of musicians. A bunch of crooks. A crowd of people/spectators. A gang of thieves. A group of dancers. A team of players. A troupe of artists/dancers. A pack of thieves. A staff of employees. A regiment of soldiers. A tribe of natives. An audience of listeners. A panel of experts. A gang of labourers. A flock of tourists. A board of directors. Collective Nouns Exercise 1 Collective Nouns Exercise 2 The following collective nouns are used for animals. A catch of fish. An army of ants. A flight of birds. A flock of birds. A haul of fish. A flock of sheep. A herd of deer/cattle/elephants/goats/buffaloes. A hive of bees. A litter of cubs. A host of sparrows. A team of horses. A troop of lions. A zoo of wild animals. A pack of wolves. A litter of puppies/kittens. A swarm of bees/ants/rats/flies. A team of horses/ducks/oxen. A murder of crows. A kennel of dogs. A pack of hounds. The following collective nouns are used for things. A group of islands. A galaxy of stars. A wad of notes. A forest of trees. A stack of wood. A fleet of ships. A string of pearls. An album of stamps/autographs/photographs. A hedge of bushes. A library of books. A basket of fruit. A bowl of rice. A pack of cards. A pair of shoes. A bouquet of flowers. A bunch of keys. A chest of drawers. A pack of lies. A range of mountains. A cloud of dust. Collective nouns are endless and these are just a list of those used more often. As you continue to work on improving your English, you will stumble across many more. Be sure to add them to your list and use them as frequently as you can. Using Nouns to Show Possession Possessive nouns are those nouns that show possession. Possessive Nouns are used to show ownership. A noun is possessive only when a phrase can be modified to say that an idea or commodity belongs to something or someone. Possessive nouns are an integral part of learning English, use them as often as you can to gain confidence. In the singular form, the possessive case is formed by adding 's to the noun. The clothes of the girl. The girl’s clothes. The toys of the boy. The boy’s toys. Mary goes to this school. This is Mary’s school. King’s castle, grandfather’s stick, my dog’s bowl and all of the above are formed by adding the 's. Modify the following sentences by using the apostrophe (') to show possession: The king’s servants. The computer’s cover. My phone’s charger. The servants of the king. Cover of the computer. The charger of my phone. For certain words, instead of 's, only ' is used to avoid a hissing noise. Keep this is mind when using possessive nouns. Some examples would be: Boss’ office. Dr.Briuss’ house. For goodness’ sake. There are two rules to follow in case the noun is in plural form. If the noun ends in s then the possessive case is formed by adding the apostrophe E.g. the donkeys’ tail, the boys’ hostel, the cousins’ aunt. If the noun does not end in s then the possessive case is formed by adding 's. E.g. the children’s park, the men’s room. It’s simple as long as you know the plural form of the noun. The plural form of ‘god’ will be ‘gods’ and so the apostrophe will be used after 's' (gods’). In case of nouns like ‘woman’, the plural form is ‘women’ and so the apostrophe followed by 's' will be used (women’s). Add the apostrophe in the following sentences. Our cousins short uncle. (Apostrophe can be before or after 's') Businessmens briefcase. (Businessmen’s) The ladies washroom. (Ladies’) Here are some more examples to show you other possible cases. Alex and Philip’s shop. (Two nouns are used closely and showing joint possession; here, the apostrophe will be used with the second noun) Shakespeare’s and Wordsworth’s works. (Two nouns are used together yet separate possession is implied thus the apostrophe is used with both nouns) Nouns as Adjective Sometimes in the English language, a noun is used to describe another noun; in other words, the first noun performs the function of an adjective. Look at the following examples: Basketball coach – here the noun basketball is being used to describe the noun coach Garment shop – here the noun garment is being used to describe the noun shop Painting exhibition – here the noun painting is being used to describe the noun exhibition In all the above examples, the first noun acts as an adjective. Rules related to Nouns as Adjective 1. The ‘nouns as adjective’ always come first or before the second or main noun. Let’s see a few more examples: A cricket bat A soccer ball A car race A love story 2. In general, like adjectives, nouns being used as adjectives are used in the singular form, although in the case of certain words, like clothes, customs, sports, etc, an exception is made. For example: Bathroom or bathrooms, and not bathsroom or bathsrooms Badminton racket or badminton rackets, and not badmintons racket or badmintons rackets In short, the plural form will always appear on the second noun only. Some nouns are always written or spoken in the plural forms, but we generally treat them as a singular form. For example: A billiards player A news editor Some nouns are always treated in the plural forms when used as an adjective. For example: Sports museum Clothes outlet Accounts manager 3. Multiple nouns can also be used as adjectives. For example: School cricket team coach Motor production cost Child health care research centre 4. We can also use a true adjective before nouns as adjective. For example:: Famous Indian cricket player Cute coffee mug Delectable Chinese cuisine Honest school teacher Increasing air pollution

preparation for sat examination, english for sat examination, english test for sat examination SAT Introduction Idea Builders Reading writing Vocabulary Grammar What is the SAT? Many colleges require scores from the SAT or ACT tests as a part of the admissions process. Your SAT score is a key component of your college applications. SAT Basics SAT Length3 hours (plus 50 minutes if taking optional Essay) SAT Sections Math Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Essay (optional) SAT Cost$46 ($60 if taking SAT with Essay) Highest SAT Score1600 Average SAT Score1060 About the SAT The SAT is an entrance exam used by most colleges and universities to make admissions decisions. The SAT is a multiple-choice, pencil-and-paper test created and administered by the College Board. The purpose of the SAT is to measure a high school student's readiness for college, and provide colleges with one common data point that can be used to compare all applicants. College admissions officers will review standardized test scores alongside your high school GPA, the classes you took in high school, letters of recommendation from teachers or mentors, extracurricular activities, admissions interviews, and personal essays. How important SAT scores are in the college application process varies from school to school. Overall, the higher you score on the SAT and/or ACT, the more options for attending and paying for college will be available to you. When should I take the SAT? Most high school students take the SAT, the ACT, or both during the spring of their junior year or fall of their senior year. It's important to leave time to re-take the test if you need to raise your score before you apply to college. The SAT exam is offered nationally every year in August, October, November, December, March, May, and June. View all upcoming SAT test dates. What is on the SAT? There are two SAT sections: Math Evidence-Based Reading and Writing The SAT also includes an optional Essay section. SAT Essay scores are reported separately from overall test scores. Some colleges may require that you complete the SAT Essay. You can confirm each college's admissions policies on the school website or on our school profiles. How long is the SAT? The SAT is 3 hours long. If you choose to take the SAT with Essay, the test will be 3 hours and 50 minutes. How is the SAT scored? Each section of the SAT is scored on a 200 to 800 point scale. Your total SAT score is the sum of your section scores. The highest possible SAT score is 1600. If you take the Essay, you will receive a separate score. Should I take the SAT or the ACT? Most colleges and universities will accept scores from either the SAT or ACT, and do not favor one test over the other. That said, college-bound students are increasingly taking both the SAT and ACT. Changes made to the SAT in 2016 have made it easier than ever to prep for both tests concurrently—and earn competitive scores on both! The best way to decide if taking the SAT, ACT, or both tests is right for you is to take a timed full-length practice test of each type. Since the content and style of the SAT and ACT are very similar, factors like how you handle time pressure and what types of questions you find most challenging can help you determine which test is a better fit. Try our QUIZ: SAT, ACT, or Both? to learn more. How do I register for the SAT? SAT registration deadlines fall approximately five weeks before each test date. Register online on the College Board website. The College Board may require SAT registration by mail under special circumstances. How can I prep for the SAT? We can help. We have SAT prep solutions for every student and every budget. Source: https://www.princetonreview.com/college/sat-information Digital SAT Content Alignment: Overview The digital SAT Suite uses multistage adaptive testing (MST). Relying on MST means the digital SAT Suite fairly and accurately measures the same things with a shorter, more highly secure test while preserving test reliability. Each assessment in the digital SAT Suite has two sections: the Reading and Writing section and the Math section. In every assessment in the SAT Suite, including the SAT, students have 64 minutes to complete the Reading and Writing section and 70 minutes to complete the Math section. Each Reading and Writing module lasts 32 minutes, while each Math module lasts 35 minutes. When students complete the Reading and Writing section, they are moved to the Math section after a 10-minute break between the sections. Total testing time for the digital SAT Suite is 2 hours and 14 minutes for each assessment (SAT, PSAT/NMSQT, PSAT 10, and PSAT 8/9). Testing Modules Both the Reading and Writing and the Math sections are divided into two equal-length and separately timed stages, each composed of a module of questions. Students can move backward and forward among questions in each module before time runs out. When time runs out on the first module of each section, the test delivery platform moves students to the second module. The first module contains a broad mix of easy, medium, and hard questions. Based on how students perform on the first module, the second module of questions will either be more difficult or less difficult. Reading and Writing Section Question Distribution Questions on the Reading and Writing section represent one of four content domains, shown in the table below. Questions that test similar skills and knowledge are grouped together and arranged from easiest to hardest. Content DomainSkill/Knowledge Testing PointsOperational Question Distribution Craft and Structure Words in Context Text Structure and Purpose Cross-Text Connections 13–15 questions ~28%Information and Ideas Central Ideas and Details Command of Evidence (Textual, Quantitative) Inferences 12–14 questions ~26%Standard English Conventions Boundaries Form, Structure, and Sense 11–15 questions ~26%Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis Transitions 8–12 questions ~20% The first two domains—Craft and Structure and Information and Ideas—primarily address reading-related skills and knowledge, while the second two domains—Standard English Conventions and Expression of Ideas—primarily address writing-related skills and knowledge. Content Domains for SAT For Reading and Writing 1. Information and Ideas 1.1 Central Ideas and Details 1.2 Inferences 1.3 Command of Evidence (Textual and Quantitative) 2. Craft and Structure 2.1 Words in Context 2.2 Text Structure and Purpose 2.3 Cross-Text Connections 3. Expression of Ideas 3.1 Rhetorical Synthesis 3.2 Transitions 4. Standard English Conventions 4.1 Boundaries 4.2 Form, Structure, and Sense SAT- Exam day Preparation Tips from-https://satsuite.collegeboard.org What to Expect on Test Day Before test day, make sure you're familiar with these procedures... Fakhruddin Babar Nov 4, 2023 11 min read Essential Words for SAT Essential Words for SAT A abase (v.) to humiliate, degrade (After being overthrown and abased, the deposed leader offered to bow down to... Fakhruddin Babar Oct 22, 2020 79 min read

Explore a collection of insightful dialogues for examinations on our College Student Blog. Gain valuable tips and strategies to ace your exams with confidence. Dialogues for the Examination

Vocabulary for IELTS

Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Cloze Test With Clues Rules of With Clues/Without Clues With Clues Worksheet-A 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. With Clues Worksheet-A Answer 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. came asked Edge looked orchard during gave safe Went mangoe picked lived Once upon a time there (a) ----- a poor man called Suruj Ali. He (b) ----- after a large mango orchard. Hamidur Rahman was the owner of the orchard. One day some of Hamidur Rahmans friends (c) ----- to visit him. It was (d) ------- the summer season when the mangoes were ripe. So Hamidur Rahman (e) ------- Suruj Ali to pick some of the ripe (f) ---- for his friends. Suruj Ali (g) ----- to the (h) ----- and (i) ----some nice large mangoes. Then he (j) ----- them to his master. Answer: (a) lived (b) looked (c) came (d) during (e) asked (f) mangoes (g) went (h) orchard (i) picked (j) gave 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. were sit hold as at did cast feel follow into Hans (a)---- excited but nervous (b)---- he walked (c)--- Frankel’s library.The small metal object and the book (d)--- still there on Frankel’s desk.Hans (e)-- down and looked (f)---- the book .Then he (g)--- the metal object and (h)--- the instructions carefully. It was not easy to (i) ----the spell,but he (j)--- his best. Answer: (a) felt (b) as (c) onto (d) were (e) sat (f) at (g) held (h) followed (i) cast(j) did 3. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. forge bellows stood see looked were laughing pulled walked bright back together Mr Ahmed and the boys (a) ------ up to the smithy and (b) ----- in. Inside the hutst were two blacksmiths. They were working (c) ----- in front of their (d) ------. They could also (e) -- a young boyof about their own age. He was helping the two blacksmiths. He (f) ---a small metal chain. When he pulled it, the (g) --- blew. Mr Ahmed and his students could see the large bellows at the (h) --- of the smithy. And in front of the bellows (i) --- the forge. Though the two blacksmiths were small, their muscles (j) ---- as strong as iron. Answer: (a) walked (b) looked (c) together (d) forge (e) see (f) pulled (g) bellows (h) back (i) stood (j) were 4. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. alert lay over fell recognised into hospitalize into wiping unconscious walked informed Mrs Siddiqua Murshed, Rinas grandmother got an accident near the college pond. She (a) ---- down and hurt hershelf. When Anwar and Kashem were walking home together, they noticed a small crowd near the college pond. Without making any delay, the two boys walked quickly (b) ----- to the crowd of people. Anwar (c) --- her. She was no other than Rinas grandmother. Anwar ran off and soon reached Rinas house. Rinas mother was (d) ---- of the accident. Taking down a note to Rina, she and Anwar (e) ---- quickly up the road towards the college pond together. They arrived at the college pond and Mrs Rahena Salam saw her mother still lying (f) ----- on the ground. She (g) - on her side with Kasem and a lady kneeling beside her. The lady was (h) ----- Mrs Siddiqua Moursheds forehead with a cool damp cloth. They decided to (i) ------ her immediately. Anwar somehow managed a push-cart and Mrs Salam, Kashem and Anwar gently lifted Mrs Murshed (j) ------ it. Answer: (a) fell (b) over (c) recognised (d) informed (e) walked (f) unconscious (g) lay (h) wiping (i) hospitalized (j) onto 5. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. able helping visit grateful learn about All true being like “While I was (a) ---- taken to the hospital, my granddaughter, Rina, looked after her young brother, Tunu, (b) ---- by herself. Then, when she and Luna came to (c) ---- me in hospital, she told a story to me. Its (d) ----- a very responsibal young person (e) ---------- herself, and its (f) ----------. After lunch, you’ll be (g) ---------- to hear Rinas story for yourselves. I think we can all (h) ---------- a lot from interesting stories like that. “I’m very (i) ---------- to all you young people for (j) ---------- me to recover from my accident so quickly.” Answer: (a) being (b) all (c) visit (d) about (e) like (f) true (g) able (h) learn (i) grateful (j) helping 6. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grow snow cover off inside grow bare finish out hard outside window After sometime, the warm sunny days (a)…..Then the winter season came and the weather in Greece (b)….cold. The soft earth became (c)….and nothing could (d)……The leaves dropped (e)…..the trees and the countryside looked (f)….and grey. Then it started (g)….and the fields were covered in soft white snow. Mr Ant stayed (h)… his house. Through his (i)….he looked at the trees and the white fields (j)….in snow. Answer(a) finished (b) grew (c) hard (d) grow (e) off (f) bare (g) snowing (h) inside (i) windows (j) covered 7. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. garden shop asked talking discussion teacher make used looked with against over The next day class 8 had (a)----with their general science (b)…..,Mr Anis Ahmed. “We‘ve been (c)….with our new student, Anwar, Sir,” said Kashem. “In his old school, they (d)…..the profit from their school (e)…..to make a school garden. We also (f)….a profit from our school shop and we have enough land in our school to make a (g)…..” Mr Ahmed (h)…out of the classroom widow. “Do you want to use that piece of land (i)….there?” (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) discussion (b) teacher (c) talking (d) used (e) shop (f) make (g) garden (h) looked (i) over (j) asked 8. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. bellows complecated smithy cast hard spell heat instruments example rather bellows was At the side of the laboratory (a) ---------- Frankels libray. In the laboratory, Frankel and Hans worked (b) ---------- together. Hans thought that the laboratory was (c) ---------- like a (d) ----------. For (e) ---------- they sometimes used chains, (f) ---------- and a forge to (g) ---------- and mix different kinds of metals. But the work was more (h) ---------- than a blacksmiths. They used their (i) ---------- to make spells, not spades and hoes. Frankel, however, did not (j) ---------- his spells in the labortary. Answer (a) was (b) hard (c) rather (d) smithy (e) example (f) bellows (g) heat (h) complicated (i) instruments (j) cast 9. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. gave was chosen is were hot given chose started dug stood flooded A piece of land was (a) ---to the class 8 students. It (b) -----about twelve metres long and six metres wide. The Headmaster (c) ----it to them. He and Mr Ahmed (d) ------ it. It was (e)----for three reasons. It (f)….near the school’s well, was always sunny and during the rainy season never (g)------.That (h)----why it was suitable. So, when all the tools (i)….made, the students (j)…to work. Answer: (a)given (b) was (c) gave (d) chose (e) chosen (f) stood (g) flooded (h) is (i)were (j) started 10. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. about quickly better Bent round inside best broken heard upset Rina stood up (a)---and looked down at the paper bag. It was broken and something inside was making damp. Rina (b)----down and carefully looked (c)—the paper bag. All her lovely eggs were (d)-----! She felt sad. She felt so (e)—that she started to cry. Suddenly she (f)----a voice. It was her (g)---friend. Luna put her hand(h)----Rina’s shoulders and soon Rina felt (i)---.Then they walked to school together and Rina told her (j)---the accident. Answer: (a) quickly (b) bent (c) inside (d) broken (e) upset (f) heard (g) best (h) round (i) better (j) about 11. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. Leaves fell strong stopped admired boats Stored before quietly Leisure happily for While Mr Ant worked on his farm, Mr Grasshopper sang (a)---in the warm sun. And when he (b)---,he sat and (c)---the beautiful countryside all around him. He looked at the (d)---on the trees,the green fields and the fishermen’s (e)---on the sea. Then Mr. Grasshopper (f)---asleep. While Mr Grassopher slept (g)----in his chair, Mr Ant continued to work on his farm.(h)---many days, weeks and months, he was busy in his fields. And as soon as his crops were ready,he (i)----the grain in his granary. So while Mr Grassopher enjoyed his (j)----,Mr Ant worked hard from morning until night. Answer: (a) happily (b) stopped (c) admired (d) leaves (e) boats (f) fell (g) quietly (h) for (i) stored (j) leisure 12. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. into Happen Ones queit celebration all see tell decide Show After lunch, Rina told her story to everyone. She liked to (a) ------ stories and could tell very good (b) ------. Everyone sat (c) ------- and listened to her. “This is a true story. It really (d) -------,” Rina explained. “I (e) ------- thye story in a letter to a newspaper. My friends mother (f) -------- it to me. I liked the letter so much that I (g) ------- to make it (h) ------ a story.” First she told the story to tunu and her grandmother. Now she is telling it to (i) -------- her family and friends at her grandmothers (j) --------. Answer : (a) tell (b) ones (c) quietly (d) happened (e) saw (f) showed (g) decided (h) into (i) all (j) celebration 13. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. exist hard summer during plenty used think about future agreed nature really Mr Grasshopper didn’t like to work (a)-----the lovely hot (b)----days. “It’s (c)---not necessary,” he told Mr Ant. “Why do you work so (d)----when there is (e)---of food to eat?” Mr Grasshopper asked him. “There is plenty of food now” (f)-----Mr Ant. “But what (g)----the future?” “Oh, the (h)----! exclaimed Mr Grasshopper. “Why do you (i)----about the future. Mr Ant? It really does not (j)----!” Answer:(a) during (b) summer (c) really (d) hard (e) plenty (f) agreed (g) about (h) future (i) care (j) exist 14. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. tell ask problem reply sunny tree shade well worry garden green bit One (a)---- morning, Mr Anis Ahmed and his class 8 students were looking at the tender (b)---- plants in their school (c)-----. “They’re growing very(d)----,” said Mr Anis Ahmed. “But I’m a bit (e)--- about them. “Why? (f)--- Shahid. “What’s the (g)---?” “Well,” Mr Anis Ahmed (h)----. Come and sit in the (i)---- of this tree and I’ll (j)--- you.” Answer (a) sunny (b) green (c) garden (d) well (e) worried (f) asked (g) problem (h) replied (i) shade (j) tell 15. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. grateful invited celebration again about more returned thought feeling parents Mrs Murshed (a)----home after (b)—a week.She was (c)---strong (d)---after a few days(e)---.Then she (f)----about a (g)---for the students.She was really (h)---to them.For this,she (i)---Rina,her friends and their (j)---. Answer: (a) returned (b) about (c) feeling (d) again (e) more (f) though (g) parts (h) grateful (i) invited (j) parents 16. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. planned happy family grateful to vegetables some admitted this gave Mr Ahmed (a)---some (b)---for Rina’s grandmother.She was (c)----in Nurpur Hospital.Rina’s (d)---was (e)---to Mr Ahmed.For (f)---Mrs Salam (g)---to give Mr Ahmed (h)---eggs.Rina was (i)---to give the eggs (j)----Mr Ahmed. Answer: (a) gave (b) vegetables (c) admitted (d) family (e) grateful (f) this (g) planed (h) some (i) happy (j) to 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. helped grateful classmates story taken are about take hospital young Rina’s grandmother was (a)----to hospital.She would (b)—there for (c)---a week.Anwar and Kashem (d)----Rina’s (e)---.They (f)----her mother to (g)---her grandmother to the (h)---.Rina’s family was (i)----to the (j)---people. Answer : (a) taken (b) be (c) about (d) are (e) classmates (f)helped(g) take (h)hospital (i) grateful (j) young 18. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. decide be situate live face use dislike settle take leave There (a)----a young man,named Ruplal who (b)---with his family in a small village(c)—near a jungle.Though the farm was beautiful,he (d)---many problems there.He (e)---the place because the people of the place (f)—to quarrel always.So he (g)—to leave his village and (h)—in the jungle,Finally he (i)—his village (j)---necessary things with him. Answer : (a) was (b) lived (c) situated (d) faced (e) disliked (f) used (g) decided (h) settled (i) taking 19. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. 10 embarrassed wanted call house called visitors home read company moment One day Anwar kept (a)----in his reading room.Then some (b)---came to their (c)----to see his father.But at that (d)----his father was not at (e)----.His mother (f)---to go out to find and (g)---his father home.So she (h)—Anwar and told him to give (i)---to the visitors.But Anwar felt (j)---in the midst of the grown up people. Answer:(a) reading (b) visitors (c) house (d) moment (e) home (f) wanted (g) call (h) called (i) company (j) embarrassed 20. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. feel arrive by recover like start short with come as sense grateful Half an hour later the (a)---of Anwar and Kashem,the celebration (b)---.The function started (c)----the speech of Mrs Murshed.In her (d)----speech,she thanked everyone for (e)---to the party.She said that she (f)---for the help of the young people (g)—Anwar and Kashem.She (h)---proud for their (i)---of responsibility.She was also (j)---to them. Answer : (a) arrival (b) started (c) with (d) short (e) coming (f) was recovered (g) like (h) felt (i) sense (j) grateful 21. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. went come down gave take flew right spoke about introduced explained found I think I (a)----to you on the telephone (b)----20 minutes ago. “Yes,that’s (c)---,”said Rafiq. “Please (d)----in.” So Mrs Green (e)---in and sat (f)---.Then Rafiq (g)---Salma to Mrs Green. “This is my younger sister,Salma,”he (h)---“Salma(i)—your bag in the road and brought it here.” Salma (j)---Mrs Green the bag. Answer: (a) spoke (b) about (c) right (d) come (e)went (f) down (g) introduced (h) explained (i) found (j) gave 22. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. start go ask bring eat sweet orchard master mangoes with Suruj Ali (a)-----to the orchard and carefully picked some nice,large (b)----.Then he gave them to (c)---when Hamidur Rahman and his friends (d)----eating them.Hamidur Rahman said, “These mangoes don’t taste (e)----.They’re sour! How can we (f)---them?” So he called Suruj Ali back and (g)----him to take the sour mangoes away and (h)---some sweer ones from his (i)----.Suruj Ali came soon (i)---some ripe mangoes. Answer: (a) went (b) mangoes (c) master (d) started (e) sweet (f) eat (g) asked (h) bring (i) orchard (j) with 23. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. perform be appoint name own entertain pick tell invite call Once there (a)----a rich man.He (b)----a big mango orchard.He (c)---a caretaker (d)---Suruj Ali.He (e)---his job sincerely.One day the rich man (f)---some of his friends to his house.He wanted to (g)---them with sweet mangoes.He (h)—the caretaker and (i)---him to bring some sweet mangoes for the guests.Accordingly Suruj Ali (j)---some mangoes for them. Answer: (a) was (b) owned (c) appointed (d) named (e) performed (f) invited (g) entertain (h) called (i) told (j) picked 24. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. near sight Student inhabitant returning picked something should take thought Salma was a (a)----of class 8.She was an (b)---of Dhaka city.One day she was (c)---home.On the way,(d)---came in her(e)---.She went (f)---the bag.She thought not to (g)—it.But again she (h)---that she (i)---take it.Then she (j)---it and took home. Answer: (a) student (b) inhabitant (c) returning (d) something (e) sight (f) near (g) take (h) thought (i) should (j) picked 25. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. happy asked pale moment talking why tired see mother arrive Rina’s mother was (a)---to her (b)----.At that (c)---,Rina and Luna (d)---there.Grandmother was (e)----to (f)---the girls.Grandmother(g)---Rina(h)---she was looking so (i)----why she was looking so (j)---. Answer: (a) talking (b) mother (c) moment (d) arrived (e) happy (f) see (g) asked (h) why (i) pale (j) tired 26. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right from of the verbs if needed. There are more words than necessary. green very kind went holiday wanted some put asked you explained replied “Would you like (a)----tea?” Salma asked Mrs. (b)--. “Oh,yes please.” (c)---Mrs Green, “That’s very (d)---of you.” “My husband and I are on (e)---in Bangladesh”she (f)---. “This morning we (g)---to go to the bank.We (h)—in a rickshaw.But it was (i)—small.I (j)---my bag behind it. Answer: (a) some (b) Green (c) replied (d) kind (e) holiday (f) explined (g) wanted (h) went (i) very (j) put With clues Worksheet-4.0 English First Paper 1. DB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x 10=10 food destroyed crisis rise habitat unsuitable turn rain live cut be effect If we (a)----- trees at random, one day our count will (b)------- into a desert. All living animals and birds will not find any (c) -----or shelter to (d) ----- in. They will be (e) -----.There will be no (f) ----and as a result our agriculture will face a great (g) ------. The temperature will (h)----- and it will cause greenhouse (i) -----.The country will be ( j) -----for living. 2. RB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agricultural on consumption supplies beautiful decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ . It is an (b) ------country. Most of Many people of this country directly or indirectly (c) ------on agriculture for their (d) -------.Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ . Agriculture (f)------- food stuff for human and animal (g) -------- . Any (h) ----- in agricultural products (i) ----- economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j) -----sufferings of the entire people. 3. DN B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 known bold hunger thirst inspired inconceivable see courage curiosity satisfied dangerous technology Man has an unquenchable (a)---- for knowledge. In fact, he is never (b)-------- with what he has (c) ----- and seen. He wants to know and (d)------ more and more. This (e) — to know more, coupled with his (f) — spirit of adventure, has (g)---- him to undertake and carry out difficult and (h)------ tasks. In the fields of science and (i) ------man has already achieved what was once( j) -------. 4. JB-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1x10=10 prevent enables take excellent tired fitness physically fills struggles essential free helps Physical exercise is (a) — for all. It keeps us (b) --- strong and healthy. Our life is full of activities and (c) —. We can face them if we have physical and sound (d) ---- .It is physical exercise which (e) — us to have a sound mind in a body. Physical exercise (f) --- some other benefits too. It also offers us an (g)---- recreation. It takes our mind (h)-----from the drudgery of work and (i) --- it with joy. So we must j)----physical exercise for our sound health. 5. COM B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a)--------- depends on his work, Man is a rational being. He is to (b) ------ for others. He should not be proud of his (c)----- blood. He should be (d) ------ to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e)------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)-----blood and flesh the (g)------ kind of man. So, he should (h)--------his own life for others' welfare. We cannot live (i)-----on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j) ----- our work. 6. CTG B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary.lx10=10 dependence risen necessity around production shortage circumstances shift improved sustained dependent demand Power is the key to the economic growth of any country. The (a) — of power is only known when load-shedding occurs. Though rural fife of Bangladesh is not totally (b) ---- on power, urban life cannot be (c) — without electricity. At present we have (d) — of around 4000 MW electricity and the (e) –--- is around 2000 MW. This demand is ever on the (f) ----- . In 2020 the national demand for electricity will rise to (g) ----- 8000 MW. The reality is that this situation cannot be (h) ----- just by installing some high capacity power generation plants. Under these (i) ----- we should create a master plan to increase the production of electricity and also have to j) ------- our concentration to alternative fuel source. 7. Syl B-2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There are more words than necessary. lX10=10 like distress getting take ensure mutual treat seems make familiar developing communicate 8. As the world's communication is (a) — day by day the world seems to be (b)-----smaller. For the development of communication system, now we can easily (c) with the people of other countries within a moment. Now the world (d) to be a village and the countries seem to be families. If we develop our (e) understanding and co-operation, we can (f) — our world a better place. We should never (g) — others as enemies but friends. As a friend we should (h) — immediate help to other countries in their (i) — and sorrows we should( j) ------them to be our neighbours. 9. BB- 2011 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 clean made on important objects clothes. empty forces full currents under water The world is (a) — of uncountable natural and man (b)----- objects. Natural (c) ------ are stones, trees, air and (d) —. Man made objects are houses, cars (e)------- and chemicals. Natural (f)-----are cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes. storms and ocean (g) ----- Life exists different conditions. It is very (i) -----to keep the environment (j)----- . 10. DB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : Ix10=10 help inactive others aversion hence anything claim ability charity indolent devoid dignity What is begging? Begging is the (a)----- of others. It does not give (b)---- good to the society. It is totally unproductive and (c)---- , it has no output. It does not develop a man's (d)--- or will to be self-reliant. It makes him (e)-----and habitually (f)— and dependent on others. It makes a man (g) —any sense of self-respect. Hence those who live by begging cannot (h) —for any dignity in the society because of their (i) ---to work. They only seek the charily of j)----- and become burden to the society. 11. Com B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : - IX10=10 efforts removing help assist aware thought literacy enlarge social increase illiteracy realise Inability to read and write is (a)---- . It hinders all development (b)-----of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c)---- this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development cannot be (d)--- of keeping the large number of people (e)------ . Government alone cannot meet this challenge without the (f)---- of the literate community. It is the (g)------ responsibility of the literate people to (h)---- the government for the eradication. Of illiteracy. We must (i)----- that we cannot exist as a nation without (j)------ illiteracy from the society. 12. Raj B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :—1XI0=10 mentally educated help genius useful s sympathetic provides improve knowledge develop self-reliant virtue Proper education (a)----- a learner with opportunity to (b)------- all his talents. Its aim is to (c)----- him physically and (d)----- so that he can be (e)----- to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f)------ but he can also assist others in attaining this great (g)----- He is supposed to be well mannered, kind and (h)------ So, a man who has acquired (i)----- and skill cannot be called a truly (j) -----man only for his material development. 13. JB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :-- 1X10=10 evil very lives neglected proper regret real when been remember get about Our freedom fighters are the (a)----- heroes of our country. We should (b)----them as they sacrificed their (c)---- for the cause of motherland. It is a matter of great (d)---- that most of them are (e)---- and our young generation does not know their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g)- --found out and established. Some of them lead a (h)----- poor life. The authority should take (i)---- step to enlist them and give them (j) ------honour. 14. BB 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 travel age civilization regular sphere modern ancient difficult time greater possible constant We live in an (a)----- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) -----. Science is a (c) ------- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e)------ is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) from one place to another. But in (g)----- time journey was (h) . Man has to spend a lot of (i)----- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be explored for (j) ----welfare of mankind. 15. SB2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box below. There arc more words than necessary :— IX10=10 defend materialized so-called cherished noble pretender inspires inherent aloft fake fraud remember 16. Patriotism is a (a)---- virtue. It is an (b)---- instinct in human nature. It (c)---- a man to shed every drop of blood to (d)-----the liberty and dignity of the country.- But patriotism should not be merely a (e)---- slogan in the public meeting to (f)---- the people. It should be (g)---- in the core of heart and (h)---- in our deeds. We should keep ourselves above from the (i)------ patriotism. Everybody should bear in mind that a (j)---- must be defeated. Nobody will remember or honour a mock patriot. Ctg B-2010 17. Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : — IX10=10 epend unnaturally depression industries provide live plays damages overcome supplies decline know Ours is an agricultural. country. Hence most of the citizens of our country. directly or indirectly (a)--------on agriculture for their livelihood. Many important (b)----- of our country also depend on agricultural products. Agriculture (c)-------a vital role in our national economy. It (d)-------food stuff for both human and animal consumption. So people have to suffer a lot if there is any (e)----- in agricultural products. The sufferings o f the farmers and working class of people (f)------no bounds. The failure of crops causes a great economic (g)------in the country and prices of daily necessaries may go (h)------up. The floods and the subsequent (i) ------ of agricultural products are burning examples of it. We are lucky that our government has successfully j)------the problems. 18. DN B 2010 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. You can make grammatical changes if necessary : 1X10 = 10 livelihood causes took products depend brings agriculture on consumption beautiful supplies decline Bangladesh is our birth land. It is small but (a)------ .It is an (b)------ country. Most of the people of this country directly or indirectly (c)------- on agriculture for their (d)------ . Many important industries depend on agricultural (e) ------ 19. Agriculture (f) ------foodstuff for human and animal (g) --------- . Any (h) ------- in agricultural products (i) ------ economic depression in the country. Failure of crops (j)----- sufferings to the entire people. 20. DB-2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 prepare natural sphere hand use generously purpose resources fertile land rocky locality Nature has given her (a)- — — to us more (V—than many other countries of the world. Think about our (c)— - — — -, It is soft and (d)--- — -. Our farmers who have simple (e)- — - made tools can easily dig, plough and (0- — — the soil with them. Whereas lands of most other countries which are hard and (g) — — — cannot be easily dug, ploughed and prepared. We have a great (h)- — — — advantages too. We can (1) — -most of our lands for the j)— of agriculture and industry. 21. Com B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 little prevent remote causes irrigate behind easy recent river great verify close Crops need water. Farmers must (a) their fields if there is very (b) - rain at any time. But irrigation is not (c)---- if there is no river (d)------ to the crops. Canals can carry (e)— water to the field. Sometimes much water (f)—flood. A dam may (g)--------difficulties of irrigation. A (h)------- lake can be built (i)---- the dam . Dams are not j)------invention. 22. Raj 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 loses both continuous real competition matched progress loss enjoyment win matching result Without effort there can be no (a)---- in life. Life (b)----- its interest if there is no struggle. Games become dull, if there is no (c) in them and if the (d) can be easily foreseen. No matter we (e) the, game or lose it.The keener the contest, the greater the (f)----- . A victory is not a (g)----- triumph unless (h) -------the sides are equally (i) ----- Whether, we like it or not, life is one (j) ---- competitive examination. 23. JB 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 made passed need least literate illiterate waste remove educate necessary education compulsory We must not (a)----- our energy and money any more. We (b) —to take steps to (c) -----our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d) There should be at (e)-----one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt. has (f) ------primary education (g)------ . A law has been (h)------- in the assembly. To (i) ------ illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j)------ adults need to be educated. 24. Syl B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 visited purse premises had frequently has 25. collected exhibitions tempted making crowded displayed Of all the (a)---- , the book fairs are of recent origin. They are (b)------held in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------Ekusher Boi Mela in Bangla Academy (d)--------. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (e) It was a great opportunity of (f)------- a varied choice of books. So many book lovers (g)--------there, I was (h)------ to buy a lot of books but my (i)-------did not permit me. As a result, I bought a few books and j)----- a lot of Catalogues. 26. BB- 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness educate deprive discrimination removes population development bring No nation can (a)----- without education. Education (b)---- our ignorance and gives us (c)------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)----between man and i woman. Education is one of the (e)----human rights. If we (f)----- women of the right of education, almost half of our (g)------ will remain in (h)-----.No (i)------ can be possible without the j)-------of women. 27. Ctg 2009 Fill in each gap of the following passage with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— 1X10=10 light bring deprive participation removes run darkness educate discrimination development basic remain Education (a)-------our ignorance and gives us (b)---of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (c)-------between man and woman. Education is one of the (d) human rights. If we (e)------women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (f)-------in (g)------. No (h)------can be brought about without (i) of women. So government is doing everything to j)-------women folk. 28. DN B 2009 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— IX10=10 Possible time difficult spheres poor travel civilization ancient age greater all constant We live in an (a)------- of science. We can see the influence of science in all (b) ------ of life. Science is a (c) ----- companion of our daily life. We have made the impossible things (d) -----by means of science. The modern (e) is a contribution of science. At present we can easily (f) ------ from one place to another. But in (g) ------time journey was (h) ----- . Man had to spend a lot of (i)------- and money for travelling. But we should remember that science has to be exploited for the j)----- welfare of mankind. 29. DB-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. lx 10=10 safely narrow menace invention life controlled daily lie violate happen increasing lives Road accidents are (a)----- occurrences in modern city life. Every year thousands of people lose their (b) ----and many more are injured. Before the (c) ------- of automobiles, people moved from one place to another slowly but (d) . The real causes of road accidents (e) ------with the people not with the transports. In some cities the roads are (f) ----- These can hardly cope with the (g)----- number of traffic. Besides, the traffic is not (h) ------- properly. The drivers often (i) ------ traffic rules. As road accidents become a great(j)----- immediate steps should be taken to stop the danger. 30. Com-2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 through work long blue ready inferior rational sacrifice high aware above same Man's dignity depends upon his words. Man is a (a) ----- being on the earth. He is to (b) --------for others. He should not be proud if he is of (c)------ blood. He should be (d)-------- to help any class of man. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------- to him by birth. But after all, he is a man. He has the (f)------ blood and flesh a-s-the (g)---- mentioned man. So, he should (h)------- his own life for other's welfare. We cannot live (i) ---- on the earth. We must die once. But we can live j) --------- our works. 31. Raj 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary:— 1X10=10 expected tries famous cruel study glorious institution public successful hard students result Every student expects a (a)------ result in the examination and for this he (b)------ heart and soul. There are many ways to have glorious (c)------- . Admission in the famous (d)------ is one of them. So most of the (e)----- dream for getting admission in a (f)------- institution. Most of the students start to study (g)--------- after their final examination to get admission into their (h)--------institutions. Some become (I)-------- and some become failure in their mission. The students who don't j)- ------ hard cannot succeed in this context. 32. JB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words in the box than necessary.IX10=10 light removes basic prosper run darkness bring participation remain educate deprive discrimination Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education. Education (b) our ignorance and gives us (c)------ of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d) between men and women. Education is one of the (e) ------ human rights. If we (f)------- women of the right of education, almost half of the population will (g)--------- in (h)------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) ------- of women. The government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ------ women folk. 33. SB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than ncccssary :— lX10=10 help illiterate assist efforts removing aware illiteracy enlarge exist thought literacy increase Inability to read and write is (a)-------- . It hinders all development (b) of the government. The literacy rate of Bangladesh is still low. We have to (c) this rate for entire development of the country. A country's development can not be (d)-------- of keeping the large number of people (e)------- . Government alone cannot meet this challenge with out the (f)------ of the literate community. It is the social responsibility of the literate people to (g) ------ the government for the eradication of illiteracy. We must realise that we cannot (h) --------as a nation without (i) ------illiteracy from the society. So we should be j) ------- of this great problem. 34. BB 2008 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 ever time tomorrow suffer who lost take enough call properly shine good Time and tide waits for none. No one can (a) -------- it back. A man gets back his (b) ------money and health but cannot get back his lost time. Time once lost is lost for (c) ------- So we should make the (d) ------ use of time. We should do our duties (e) ------- .If we put off our work for (f) ---------, we may not get an opportunity to do it at all. There are some people (g)------- idle away time for nothing. They cannot prosper in life. They have to (h)------ for it. So we should (I)------ an oath that we must do our duty properly and in j) ------ . 35. CTG 2008 Fill in each cap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary :— IX10=10 through work long blue ready inferior dignity sacrifice high aware above same Man's (a) ------ depends on his work. Man is rational being. He is to (b) ------- for others. He should not be proud of his (c) -------blood. He should be (d) ------- to help anyone of any class. The man whom he is helping may be (e) ------ to him by birth. But after all he is a man. He has the (f)------- blood and flesh as the (g)------- kind of man. So, he should (h) -------his own life for others welfare. We cannot live (i) ------- on earth. We must die one day. We can live (j)------ our work. 36. DB2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 almost useful era without helps knowledge nations mutual necessity essential important becomes English is in International Language. As a result the (a)--------- of English has increased. Different countries have to keep (b)-------- communication among them. The (c)---------- of learning English is very great. Because it (d) us to develop a good relationship with other (e)--------- In this modern (f)-------- of communication it is not possible to advance (g)-------- it. English (h) ------- the language of the whole world. (i)-------- all books in Science and Technology have been written or translate into English. One can't think of higher studies without the j) ------- of English. 37. Com 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 thinking now instead again stood different following on along into up running The Pied Piper stepped into the street and began to play his pipe (a)------ . This time the music was (b)-------- . At the sound of the music all the children of Hamelin came (c)-------. The Mayor, the councilors and all the parents (d) -----dumb. The Piper walked (e) ------the streets and the children followed him. They were laughing and dancing. But (f) --------- the piper did not go towards the river. He walked towards the hill called Koppelburg (g)---------- . The parents felt relieved. (h)--------- that the piper would never be able to cross the hill. But as soon as the piper reached the hill, it opened (i) ------and he walked into it with the children j) ------ him. Then the hill closed and they were never seen again. 38. Raj 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 light participation prosper basic darkness run deprive discrimination educate bring removes remain Education is the backbone of a nation. No nation can (a)-------- without education.Education (b)-------- our ignorance and gives us (c)--------- of knowledge. In respect of imparting education there should be no (d)-------- between man and woman. Education is one of the (e) human rights. If we (f)---------- women of the right of education, almost half of our population will (g)------- in (h)-------- . No development can be brought about in our society without the (i) --------- of women. The Government of Bangladesh is doing everything to j) ----- women folk. 39. JB 2007 Fill in each gap using a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1 x 10 = 10 result necessity know control polluted purpose sound wise balance gone conscious interest low Ashraf, who is a student of class ten, has taken a (a)-------- step. He is very much (b) ------ to visit villages along with his friends. He came to know that the villagers are not (c) -----of environmental problems. They do not (d) ----------how to keep up the (e) ------- of the environment. The villagers have no (f) over the population growth also. As a (g)-------- our environment is being (h)-------- day by day. He wants to make people know about the (i)------- of clean environment. Really, his j) ---------is great. 40. Syl B 2007 Fill in the gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. 10 41. hold, visit, recent, collecting, crowd, old, enlarge, permit, ancient, has, spread, display Amongst all the exhibitions, the book fairs are of (a)-------- origin. They are frequently (b) - ---- in towns and cities now. Last year I (c)-------- Ekuser Boi Mela in Bangla Academy premises. There were a number of stalls and thousands of books were (d)-------- . It was a great opportunity of (e)-------- a varied choice of books. In the fair, books lovers (f) -------there. I was tempted to buy a lot of books but my purse didn't (g) ---- me. As a result, I bought a few books and (h)------- a lot of catalogues. However a book fair (i) --- the message that books are our best friends. Books j) ---- our vision and make our life meaningful. 42. Bb 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 heat waves disaster another work problems polluted worse form wastes climate cleared noise One of the serious (a)--------- in today's world is pollution. The air of the cities is (b) ----- by fume and smoke from motor vehicles, mills and factories. The water of the seas and lakes is poisoned by industrial (c)----------- , chemicals and other dangerous substances. Forests on very wide areas everywhere in the world are being (d)-------- and burnt. All these have disastrous effect on agriculture, on food supplies and most important of all, on (e) ----- . Climate has been affected so much that there are often strong (f)-------- in many countries :,, Europe and in the U.S.A. Many scientists warn that the effects of pollution will bring a (g)-------- for mankind in future. Noise is another (h) ----- of pollution which many people are not taking seriously. We have (i) ------ coming from all around us. It is also equally harmful because it affects our hearing, our nerves, our ability to j)---------efficiently and our general health. 43. Ctg 2007 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 towards created unbearable tropics dark condition cyclone speed thunders occur flashes originates A cyclone may (a) --- anytime and at any place. The violent types of (b) ---- usually hit the (c) ---- . The cyclone of Bangladesh generally (d) ------ from the Bay of Bengal and blows (e)----- the land. It is often accompanied by (f) ---- and heavy showers. Before a cyclone commences, (g) --------heat is felt for a few days. Then suddenly one day the sky becomes terribly (h)-------- with clouds and strong winds begin to blow with (i)------- of lighting and the rumbling of thunders. Thus a terrible situation is j) ------ 44. Db 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. 1X10=10 Stretch bitting country extent scarcity migrate swampy enhance actually ecological wondering In winter we see innumerable birds come to our (a) ---- . These birds are called "Guest birds". (b) these birds come to our country in winter from Siberia. When the (c) ------cold, in Siberia reaches beyond the limit, the guest birds (d) ----- to our land. They come not only because of bitting (e)---------. but also for want of food. The most (f)--------- fact about these birds is that they fly thousands of miles at a (g)------- . They (h) ------ our natural beauty and help to maintain (i)--------- balance by eating up worms and insects. But nowadays the migratory birds don't come to our country because of the(j)----- of water land and cruelty of hunters. 45. Com 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary: 1X10=10 technology wonder totalling specta cular each I designed surrounded could called modern famous largest The Sangsad Bhaban at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka is a (a)-------- of modern architecture and (b)------ . It is one of the (c)-------- and most (d) ------ parliament buildings in the world. it was (e) ----- by the famous architect Louis I Kahn. This 155 feet high nine storeyed building is (f)-------- by an artificial lake (g)------ , the Crescent Lake. The structure has 1605 doors, 335 windows, 365 ventilators and corridors (h)----- to bewildering length of 41.6 kilometer. The house has 354 seats for MPs, 56 for guests, 40 for journalists and 430 for spectators. It has three party rooms in (i)------ of which can take seat 153 people. The whole place is air-conditioned and includes all j) --------amenities. 46. JB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. Use the right form of the word if needed. You can use a word more than once. IX10=10 service remove separate society education live human Students should not (a)---------themselves from (b) ------- .They can (c) ------- the society in many ways. Their (d)----- is of great importance to society. During vacation they should go to their native village. They can (e)----- the illiterate villagers. During a flood they can (f)--------- the sufferings of the flood affected people by raising funds. As they live in (g)------- . They are (h)-------- beings. So they are not (i)------ from society. They can play an important role by j) ------ the illiteracy from the country. 47. Raj 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : IX10=10 educate waste least need made illiterate passed remove education necessary literate compulsory We must not (a)------our energy and money any more. We (b)-------- to take steps to (c) ------- our people. Emphasis should be given on primary (d)------- . There should be at (e)-------- one primary school in each and every village. We are happy that our govt.has (f)--------- primary education (g) ----- . A law has been (h)----- in the assembly. To (i) ------- illiteracy from the country, some more steps may be taken. The j) ------- adults need to be educated. 48. CTG 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 about lives neglected evil proper real right been very remember bright regret Our freedom fighters are the (a)------- heroes of our country. We should (b)------- them as they sacrificed their (c) -----for the cause of our motherland. It is a matter. of great (d)------- that most of them are (e)------ and our young generation does not know (f)------- their valiant struggle. Yet today many of the real freedom fighters have not (g) found out and established. Some of them lead (h)------ poor life. The authority in power should take (i) ------ step to enlist them and give them j) ----- honour. 49. Syl 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary : 10 sediment habitat I forest land repair floods effect insecurity damageprotection causes deforestation cut The most common causes of (a) ------ are cutting and burning the (b)------ Though the forest lands are (c) and burnt for the sake of agriculture and (d) -----, ithas a negative (e) ------on environment. The removal of trees (f)------ the birds and other animals living on them to leave the place. It also causes serious (g)------- to the soil, as trees give (h)------- to soil as well. In the end, the soil gets (i)------ in the river bed and causes frequent j) ----- . 50. BB 2006 Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than necessary. IX10=10 also eager overloaded sitting puller reached happened whom exactly opposite chatting as (a) ----- I was sitting at the front seat of the bus, I saw (b)----- what (c) ------. A rickshaw van (d)------ with goods was coming from the (e)------- direction, the poor (f) ------ was an old man. (g)------ , there was another person (h) ----- at the back of the van with (i) -----the puller was (j) ----- . With clues 4.0 Answers 1. DB 2011 (a)cut; (b) turn; (c) habitat; (d) live; (e) destroyed; (f) rain; (g) crisis; (h) rise; (i) effect; (j)unsuitable. 2. RB 2011 (a) beautiful; (b) agricultural; (c) depend; (d) livelihood; (e) products; (f) supplies; (g)consumption; (h) decline; (i) causes/brings; j) brings/causes. 3. Din B 2011 a) thirst; (b) satisfied; (c) known; (d) see; (e) curiosity; (fl bold; (g) inspired; (h) dangerous; i) technology; j) inconceivable. 4. JB 2011 a) essential; (b) physically; (c) struggles, (d) fitness; (e) helps; (f) enables; (g) excellent: h) free; (i) fills; (j)take. 5. Com B 2011 a) dignity; (b) work; (c) blue; (d) ready; (e) inferior; (0 same; (g) above; (h) sacrifice; i) long; (j)through. 6. Ctg B 2011 a) necessity; (b) dependent; (c) improved; (d) demand; (e) production; (f) risen; g) around; (h) sustained; (i) circumstances; j) shift 7. SB 2011 (a) developing; (b) getting; (c) communicate; (d) seems; (e) mutual; (f) make; (g) treat/take; (h) ensure; (i) distress; j) take/treat. 8. BB 2011 (a) full; (b) made; (c) objects; (d) water; (e) clothes; (f) forces; (g) currents; (h) on; (i) important; (j)clean. 9. DB 2010 (a) help (b) anything (c) charity (d) ability (e) inactive (f) indolent (g_) devoid (h) claim (i) aversion) others 10. Com 2010 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) social (h) assist (i) realise (j) removing 11. Raj 2010 (a) provides (b) develop (c) improve (d) mentally (e) useful (t) self-reliant (g) virtue (h) sympathetic (i) knowledge (j) educated 12. JB 2010 (a) real (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (0 about (g) been (h) very (i) proper U) proper 13. BB 2010 (a) age (b) sphere (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time 0) greater 14. SB 2010 (a) noble (b) inherent (c) inspires (d) defend (e) fake (f) fraud (g) cherished (h) materialized (i) so-called (j) pretender 15. Ctg 2010 (a) depend (b) industries (c) plays (d) supplies (e) decline (f) know (g) depression (h) unnaturally (i) damages j) overcome . 16. Din 2010 (a) beautiful (b) agriculture (c) depend (d) livelihood (e) products (f) supplies (g) consumption (h) decline (i) causes 0) brings 17. DB 2009 (a) resources (b) generously (c) land (d) fertile (e) hand (f) prepare (g) rocky (h)natural (i) use 0) purpose 18. com B2009 (a) irrigate (b) little (c) easy (d) close (e) river (0 causes (g) prevent (h) great (i) behind j) recent 19. Raj 2009 (a) progress (b) loses (c) competition (d) result (e) win (f) enjoyment (g) real (h) both (i) matched 0) cntinuous 20. Jb 2009 (a) waste (b) need (c) educate (d) education (e) least (0 made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 21. SB 2009 (a) exhibitions (b) frequently (c) visited (d) presmises (e) displayed (f) making (g) crowded (h) tempted (i) purse 0) collected 22. BB 2009 (a) prosper (b) dispels (c) light (d) difference / disparity (e) basic /fundamental (f) deprive (g) population (h) darkness (i) development 0) education/ enlightenment 23. Ctg B2009 (a) removes (b) light (c) discrimination (d) basic (e) deprive (f) remain (g) darkness h) development (i) participation 0) educate 24. Din B 2009 (a) age (b) spheres (c) constant (d) possible (e) civilization (f) travel (g) ancient (h) difficult (i) time j) greater 25. DB 2008 (a) daily (b) lives (c) invention (d) safely (e) lie (i) narrow (g) increasing (h) controlled (i) violate 0) menace 26. Com B 2008 (a) rational (b) sacrifice (c) blue (d) -ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) above (h) sacrifice (i) long 0) through 27. Raj B 2008 (a) glorious (b) studies (c) result (d) institution (e) students (0 famous (g) hard (h) expected (i) successful 0) try 28. Jb 2008 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic. (fl deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 29. SB 2008 (a) illiteracy (b) efforts (c) increase (d) thought (e) illiterate (f) help (g) assist (h) exist (I) removing 0) aware 30. BB 2008 (a) call (b) lost (c) ever (d) best/good (e) properly (0 tomorrow (g) who (h) suffer (i) take 0) time 31. Ctg b 2008 (a) dignity (b) work (c) blue (d) ready (e) inferior (f) same (g) high (h) sacrifice (i) long (j) through 32. Db 2007 (a) importance (b) mutual (c) necessity (d) helps (e) nations (1) era (g) without (h) has become (i) almost 0) knowledge 33. Com 2007 (a) again (b) different erelit (c) running (d) stood (e) along (I) now (g) instead (h) thinking (i) up (j) following 34. Raj 2007 (a) prosper (b) removes (c) light (d) discrimination (e) basic (1) deprive (g) remain (h) darkness (i) participation (j) educate 35. JB 2007 (a) wise (b) interested (c) conscious (d) know (e) balance (0 control (g) result (h) polluted (i) necessity 0) purpose 36. SB 2007 (a) recent (b) held (c) visited (d) displayed (01 collecting (f) crowded (g) permit (h) collected (i) spreads 0) enlarge 37. BB 2007 (a) problems (b) polluted (c) wastes (d) cleared (e) climate (f) heat waves (g) disaster (h) form (I) noise j) work 38. CTG 2007 (a) occur (b) cyclone (c) tropics (d) originates (e) towards (I) thunder (g) unbearable, (h) dark (i) flashes U) created 39. DB 2006 (a) country (b) actually (c) bitting (d) migrate (e) cold (f) wondering (g) stretch (h) Aenhance (i) ecological 0) scarcity 40. CB 2006 (a) wonder (b) technology (c) largest (d) spectacular (e) designed (f) surrounded (g) called (h) totalling (i) each 0) modern 41. Raj 2006 (a) separte (b) society (c) serve (d) service (e) educate (f) remove (g) society (h) human (i) separate 0) removing 42. JB 2006 (a) waste (b) need (c) literate (d) education (e) least (f) made (g) compulsory (h) passed (i) remove 0) illiterate 43. SB 2006 (a) bright (b) remember (c) lives (d) regret (e) neglected (f) about (g) been (h) very (i) proper 0) real 44. BB 2006 (a) deforestation (b) forest land (c) cut (d) habitat (e) effect (1) causes (g) damage (h) protection (i) sediment 0) floods 45. CTg 2006 (a) as (b) exactly (c) happened (d) overloaded (e) opposite (1) puller (g) also (h) sitting (i) whom 0) chatting Gap Filling with Clues W orksheet-5.0 Dinajpur Board-2014 happen furious die live execuition know wit declare unpleasant wretch spoil possible Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) __________ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) __________ to stop at his capital on his way to bombay. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told his something (c) _______. At this the king got (d) _______ and condemned him to (e) ________ saying. “ Men like you live?” With ready (h) __________ the astrologer said, “The stars (i) ________ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Dhaka Board-2013 lock join spread violate wound take term injure kill enforce martyr consider Shahed Doctor Shamsuzzhoa is (a) __________ to be the first intellectual who attained (b) ________ during the pre-liberation period of Bangladesh.. Following the (c) ________ of sergent Zohurul Hoque in prison by the autocratic Ayub Khan government, a flame of protest (d) _________ throughout erstwhile East pakistan. On February 17, 1969 section 144 was (e) _________ on Rajshahi city. The student of Rajshahi university who had (f) __________ the protest, took out a procession in (g) _________ of Section 144 and were (h) ___________ in a clash with police in front of the residence of the principal of Rajshahi Medical college. As a result, several students were (i) __________. On hearing this, Doctor Zoha, a professor of chemistry and proctor of the University, rushed to the spot and took the (j) _________ students to hospital. Comilla Board- 2013 manking endanger be save concern mean protection destory species perish spoil change All Species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, the whole natural environment gets (a) ______. We should (b) ________ our wildlife to protect the environment from being (c) ______. Many countries are not taking action to protect theirf (d) _______ wildlife. Manking must developy a (e) _______ for wild creatures and must ensure that they will not (f) ___________ (g) _________ wild creatures means destroying ourselves. It is high time we (h) ________ them. Love for animals (i) ________ love for (j) ___________. Rajshahi Board-2013 fundamentally atmosphere deplete fall accumulate eventual endanger give inundate primary grow coal Scientists have recently reported that the poplar ice caps are melting. This is due to a rise in (a) __________ temperatures known as the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ Carbonioxide is (b) _________ responsible for temperature rise in atmosphere. The carbonioxide is (c) ______ off when coal and oil are burnt. This gas is (d) _______ in the air and the ice caps in the north and south poles are melting. This may (e) ________ lead to a rise in the sea levels which could (f) _________ many areas of the globe. The “Greenhouse Effect” is just one of many (g) ________ changes which are taking place in the environment. Tropical rain forests , which took fifty million years (h) _________ are being (i) ______ at the rate of fourteen acres per minute. The total area of the world’s deserts is increasing every year. Many species of animals and plants are (j) __________ with the threat of extinction. Jessore Board – 2013 activate general face freely water remain be troublesome because which log drainage intensify part We (a) _________ fall into jam on the roads and streets. Sometimes, specially in rainy season water (b) _______ stagnant on the road even for 2/3 days, (c) ________ causes a serious traffic jam. Water remains (d) ________ the road from 1 to 1.5 feet. The rain gets (e) _________ with dust, mud etc. Most of the time the (f) ________ system is not active and it becomes (g) __________ for the passerby. The pedestrians (h) ________ a lot of problems as they can’t move (i) ________. The drainage system should be (j) ________ and city authorities should be careful in this respect. Barisal Board- 2013 aware use usual develop mother spontaneous acquisition ability fact acquire learning natural competent communication Communicative competence refers to the (a) ______ to use language appropriately in various circumstances. There are two ways of (b) _________ communicative competence in a language. The first is (c) _______Which is similar to the way people develop ability in their (d) _________ tongue. They are aware only of the (e) _________ that they are (f) _________ the language for (g) ___________ . It is a (h) ________, subconscious process in which users not (i) _________ of acquiring a language. In non-technical terms, acquisition is picking up a language (j) ____________. Sylhet Board- 2013 caprice leisure neglect street scrutiny credit want opinion employment reject friends money Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in the world without (a) _______. To be in (b) _________ of it, is to pass through life with little (c) _________ or pleasure; it is to be despised; it is consulted or else (f) _______ with contempt, it is to be (g) ________ by strangers and neglected by (h) _________, it is to forego (i) _______, freedom, ease of body and mind, to be dependent on the good will and (j) ________ of others. Chittagong Board- 2013 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Dinajpur Board- 2013 enter expansion tremendously universities awards contribute much course traditional students rewards subscribe high Higher education in Britain has experienced a dramatic (a) _______ . One in three young people not (b) _________ higher education compared to one in six in 1989. The number of graduates also has increased (c) _______. There are some (d) ________ in Britain which offer (e) __________ in a wide range of subjects including (f) ___________ arts subjects as well covering tuition fees and a maintenance grant. Parents also (i) ________ the amount depending on their income. The overseas students have to pay very (j) _______ tuition fees. Dhaka Board- 2012 even distance watch information become source run show enjoy vary see numerous Television has (a) ________the most common and widespread (b) _______ of entertainment of the present world. A wide range of programmers of (c) _________ interest is telecast on (d) ________channels. Almost every middle class and (e) _________ working class families have a educative. For example, television is used for (g) ________ learning. Courses (h) _______ by the open university are (i) _______ on BTV. Several channels like the discovery and the National Geographic channels telecast highly (j) ________ programmers. Comilla Board- 2012 enable educated choice importance healthy food develop protect need education know ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) ________ for the (c) _________of mind. many illiterate people do not have any (d) _________ of health. If they were (e) __________, they could live a (f) __________ and planned life. (g) ________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) _________ us to make the right (i) ______ in life. It enhances our (j) _________ to face our every day problems. Rajshahi Board- 2012 bring need spend give include fail go organize boost close development proper If all the children in Bangladesh (a) _________ to school, the country would get of the curse of illiteracy. To (b) ________ up education, the government, should spend more money. Subsidies must be (c) ________ in the education sector. Teachers are (d) _______ to be trained for good teaching. The poor students can (e) _______ under ‘Food for Education’ program. We should take care that no institution is (f) ________ down due to political clashes. More co-curricular activities are to be (g) ________ to enable students to (h) their non-academic skills-like debate, creative thinking and (i) _______ events etc. It is our social responsibility to educate our children and the (j) _________ of which will lead to catastrophe. Jessore Board- 2012 variety item communication require communicative tradition four foreign purpose international base imply speaks skill English is called an (a) ________ language. In almost all countries, there are people who can (b) _______ English. No other language than English serves the (c) ________ of a common language through which people can (d) _______ with one another across the national border. We should learn English for a great (e) ________ of purpose. English is a skill (f) ________ subject. We should therefore learn the (g) ________ skills of listening, reading and writing. The communicative approach to learning English does not (h) ________ one to know or learn definitions of grammar (i) ________. Traditional grammar has little or no place in learning English through the (j) _______ approach. Sylhet Board- 2012 read use tips see dots print although touch develop bear way call (a) _________ blind people cannot (b) _______, their sense of (c) _______ becomes far more (d) ______ than that of most sighted people. This ability was put to use by a brilliant man (e) _______ Louis Braille. In the early 19th century, he invented a (f) ______ of writing which (g) ______his name. The Braille system reproduces the letters of the alphabet by a series of (h) ______ in certain positions, which are raised on the paper. The blind person runs the (i) ________ of his fingers across the pages of the braille book and can work out the letters and numbers (j) ______________ there. Barisal Board- 2012 Spend commit when unberable nature earn gender world depend suicide married very cost because It is very (a) _______ that man loves his life most of all things and he wants to live or survive a bit longer at any (b) _____. However, every year thousands of people (c) ________ suicide in Bangladesh. It is seen that most of the people commuting suicide are those (d) ______ women who (e) _________ on their husbands for thir living. But why do they commit suicide when people love their lives most? Most probably, they decide to kill them-selves (f) _______ they feel entirely helpless and meaningless to live. The bitterness and sufferings of life become totally (g) ________. However, the incident of suicide among the self- reliant women is (h) _________ rare. So, can’t we say that the unfortunate women would not have committed (i) __________ if they had been self-reliant and had an independent way of (j) ________ their livelihood without being dependent on their husbands? Chittagong Board- 2012 drink eat nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart knowledge preserve mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dinajpur Board- 2012 drink eat available nutrition satisfy happen lack need heart balanced knowledge mind for While (a) ___________ food we should bear in (b) ________ that we don’t eat just to (c) ___________ hunger or to fill the belly. We eat (d) ________ our health. For good health a man (e) ________ good food. Sometimes it so (f) ________ that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g) ________ health and (h) _________. They do not know how to select a (i) _______ diet from the many foods that are (j) _________ to them. Dhaka Board- 2011 spelling language alphabetic find syllable neglect noun life synonyms picture friends antonyms Dictionaries are very important books in the (a) ________ of a people. A dictionary lists the words in a language (b) _______, so that the reader may (c) _________ them easily. A dictionary entry gives us the accepted (d) _______ of a word, its division into (e) ________, its pronunciation, its origins, and its meanings. Sometimes a dictionary also provides (f) ________ or opposites of a word. In addition, if the word is a (g) ______ that describes a visible thing, the dictionary may provide a (h) ______ of it. Dictionaries of the past, present and future can become your teachers and good (i) ______. Don’t (j) _______ them. Comilla Board- 2011 waste community sphere women family returns educate develop children walfare mother sector Education for girls is essential for the development in all (a) ______ of the society. So, investments in the education of (b) _____ will bring in greater (c) _______ in the field of economic and social (d) _______. Educated (f) ______ are more likely to send their (g) ______ to school and look after their health and nutrition. Thus (h) _____ women can contribute to the (i) ______ development. On the other hand, failure to educate women is a tremendous (j) _______ of human resource. Rajshahi Board- 2011 joyous food become remain gift favorite eager want flood invite festive elders Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) ______ on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b) ______. They become very (c) ______ to have wishes from their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) ______ close to their parents. It (f) _____ a nice day, if it is presented anything very (g) ______ to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) _____ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give plesure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ______ mind. Jessore Board- 2011 Identity pioneer leader man than went combining student remember now know then design concept Hamidur Rahman was the (a) _____ who gave shape to the (b) ______ and design of the shaheed minar, by (c) ______ all the aspiration of bengali (d) ______ and nationalism. He was the first art (e) ______ of Bangladesh who in the 1950s (f) _______ to europe and studied at “Ecole de Beaux Art” in paris. He was the (g) ______ of the new painting movement in the (h) ______ Pakistan. But he is most (i) ________ for his remarkable (j) _________ of the Central Shaheed Minar. Sylhet Board- 2011 wake obtain expression go till be moment integral perceive what by use Language (a) _________ an important medium of expression of though, feelings, ideas etc. We use it from the (b) _________ we wake up in the morning (c) ________ we go to bed at night. We use language not only during our (d) ________ hours but also in our dreams. We use language to (e) ________ what we feel and to say (f) _______ we like or dislike. We also use it to (g) _______ information. In short, language is an (h) ________ part of what we do, (i) ________ and believe. We must avoid (j) ________ bad language. Barisal Board- 2011 appear use at afflict differ city alarm due pollute severe increase from suffer rural Many diseases are rising (a) ________ an (b) _______ rate, which experts believe is (c) ________ to increased (d) ________ of the environment. Pollution (e) ______ to be greater in urban areas although rural societies too are (f) _______ by (g) _______ use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Nevertheless, today city people (h) ________ to suffer from many more diseases and suffer more (i) _______ than country people. Now let us see how life in cities is (j) ________ from that in the country. Chittagong Board- 2011 warmer flood change climate catastrophic severely alarm gradual rise evidence destroy unnecessary prediction increase The world is getting (a) _______because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) _______ as a result of pollution. In recent years, there have been many (c) _____ reports that the world’s (d) _________ is undergoing a significant (e) __________. All these reports provide strong (f) _______ that world temperatures are dy by day. Climatologists (h) ________ that mid way through the next century temperature may have (i) _________ as much as 4 dgree centigrae. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) __________ coastal areas and farmlands. Dinajpur Board- 2011 arrive massive remain spectacular round permanent know present right symbol office construction In 1884 France (a) ________ the United states with gift as a dramatic gesture of friendship. This (b) _______ gift was in the form of a huge copper statue. Its (c) ______ name is “Liberty Enlightening the world”. Most people, however, (d) ________ it simply as the statue of liberty. The pieces of the statue (e) _______ in the united states in 214 cases. The French people donated the money for the (f) _____ of the statue. Grateful, the people of the United states collected the funds for the (g) _______ granite and concrete pedestal. This impressive monument found a (h) ______ home on liberty island in New York harbour. At 151 feet and 1 inch high, it (i) ______ one of the largest statues in the world. The monumental lady with the torch quickly became a (j) _______ of American democracy. Dhaka Board- 2010 employ impact plan rural reduce importance lend international growth emphasize poor raise Micro-credit institutions have a great (a) ________ in Bangladesh. Grameen Bank is one oth them which has (b) _______ recognition. It (c) ________ money to the poor especially the (d) ________ women. It (e) ___________ the need to develop skills and (f) _________ consciousness among them. It creates (g) _________ opportunity for rural women. This institution has a positive (h) _________ on their economic-variables and family (i) __________. It also helps to (j) _____________ their poverty. Comilla Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Rajshahi Board- 2010 resources potential create for achievement likely fail have returns from among success Investment in education (a) ___________ girls increases the economic and social (b) __________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) __________ wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _______than those who have (e) ________ no schooling. Educated mothers are more (f) _______to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) _______ in girls education generally results (h) _______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) ______ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) __________. Jessore Board- 2010 traditional only no strategy development run conquer not widespread in privilege alone In ancient times, education was (a) ________ for the general people but a (b) ________ for the chosen few who took on (c) __________ roles in the (d) _________ of the state and in religion. (e) _________ Greece, education became more (f) _________ in about the 5th century BC. The greeks, however, sent (g) _______ their male children to school. When rome was (h) _______ by the Greeks, the Romans under Greek influence (i) ______ a strong (j) _______ of literacy. Sylhet Board- 2010 enables educated choice importance healthy know develop protect need education food ability Education is one of the basic (a) _________ of a human being. It is (b) _________ for the (c) __________ of mind. Many illiterate people do not have any (d) __________ of health. If they were (e) __________ they could live a (f) _________ and planned life. (g) ____________ teaches us how to live well. It (h) __________ us to make the right (i) ___________ in life. It enhances our (j) ___________ to face our every day problems. Barisal Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Chittagong Board- 2010 solve ensure in vain address work must alays paramount originate uplifiment balance harass call never (a) _____________ illiteracy problem is the (b) __________ task of the hour. We must educate all of our people (c) __________ our balanced development; otherwise all of our development plans must go (d) _________. If we can educate our people, half of our problems will be automatically (e) _______. That’s why, education is (f) ______ the nerve of development. All strength and power to (g) _______ the development of the country (h) ______ from education. So, we (i) ______ give topmost priority on education sector if we really want the (j) ______ of our dear motherland. Dinajpur Board- 2010 add breathe need plant prevent preserve produce protect provide take give wash Trees are very useful to human beings. They (a) ________ the rich top soil from being (b) _________away by rain, water and floods. You can see trees being (c) ______ along mountain slopes, on roadsides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) _______ life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) ______ shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f) ________ in carbon dioxide and (g) _______ oxygen. As you know, by now man (h) _______oxygen to (i) ______ and live. Trees are ouur best friends. We should (j) _________ them and plant more trees around us. Dhaka Board- 2009 resources potential create for among likely fail have returns achievement success from Investment in education (a) _________ girls increases the economic and social (b) _________ of development investment in all other sectors. Educating girls contributes (c) _________wealth through its impact on economic development. Educated women have a higher income (d) _________ than those who have (e) ______ no schooling. educated mothers are more (f) ______ to send both their boys and girls to school. It is important to realise that (g) ______ in girl’s education generally results (h) ______ an integrated approach to community development. Thus (i) _________ to educate girls results in a tremendous waste of potential human (j) ___________. Comilla Board- 2009 growth wife income cost day to day okay intend astonish share expensive ability pretty rented Hellow, my name is Charles karoro and I am a banker. My salary is (a) ___________ but the (b) __________ expenses in Nairobi are (c) ______ high. Both housing and food are (d) _________ in the capital. I have (e) ________ an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f) ______ Maria, who loves gardening, can’t (g) _________ anything. She can’t go out to work either because there’s no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h) _______ alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i) ________. I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover, I am often in a fix about whether I should (j) ________ my income with my brother in the village. Rajshahi Board- 2010 happen furious die spoil live execution knowing wit pleasant declare wretch unpleasant expire cause Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) _______ his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b) _______ to stop at his capital on his way to benaras. The king called on him to know about his future and the astrologer told him something (c) _________. At this the king got (d) ________ and condemned him to (e) _________saying, “Men like you should not live to (f) _______ the peace of the world”. But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g) ________. “How long will you live?” asked the king. With ready (h) ______ the astrologer said, “ The stars (i) _______ that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye.” Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, “Drive this (j) _________ away, let him not come here again.” Jessore Board- 2009 survive surroundings look escape method leaf protect from different move colour fly Animals must be able to (a) __________ themselves from enemies in order to (b) _______. Different animals have (c) _______ ways. Some animals have protective colouring that is their (d) _______changes to match their (e) ______. The common tree toad changes (f) _______ gray to green when it (g) ______ from the trunk of a tree to a green (h) ______. Similarly the dead-leaf butterfly (i) _______ being seen by its enemies because it (j) _______ like a dry leaf. Barisal Board- 2009 with improve not mean maintain upon stop take easily than keep depend raise avoid Overeating (a) ______ taking too much food (b) ______ one needs. We eat (c) ______ to overload out stomach but to (d) ______ a sound health. A sound health (e) _____ on eating habit to some extent. Overeating tells (f) _______ our health. By (g) _______ awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) _______. With a view to (j) ________ our body fit, we should (j) ______ taking too much food. Sylhet Board - 2009 joyful eager remain want gift flood invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a) _______ on a day of festival. If it is there birthday, their joys become over (b) ________. They become very (c) _____ to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d) _______ to spend times in joys. Usuallly a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e) _______ close to her presents. It becomes a (f) ________ day, if she is presented anything very (g) _______ to her. Children also want to have their friends (h) ________ to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) ______. We should try to keep the children always in a (j) ________ mind. Chittagong Board- 2009 carry provide get essential adopt define needs yardstick shelter enhance protect aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) _______ of a human being and is (b) ______ for every kind of development. It (c) ________ us to make right choices in life. It (d) ______ our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) _____ the environment and (f) _______ out our social responsibilities. It (g) ________ us with an enlightened (h) _______ about things, But education has to be (i) ______. It is not merely (j) ______ degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. Dinajpur Board- 2009 attitude amply predetermined ordered ordained sorrows out look belief undergo hold fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a) _____. Quite early in life they learn to (b) ______ that everything in this world was (c) _____. They think all that happens to there was (d) ______ by god. From this belief the poor generally accept their (e) ______. They also (g) _______ a firm belief that those who (h) ______ sufferings in this world will be (i) _______ rewarded in the next world. They also have the same sort of (j) _________ towards illness and disease. Dhaka Board- 2009 friendly beautiful show pace getting on library charming easy probably impression simply residence difference It seems hard to believe that I’ve been in Savar for a whole month now! I promised to write and tell you how I was (a) _____. So here goes. When I first got here I just couldn’t get used to the (b) ______ of life. Now, though, I am learning to take things (c) _______ I am beginning to feel at home. You can’t imagine how (d) _______ the university campus is. Its very large very green and (e) _________ the best campus in the country. It’s _______ (f) _________ wonderful. My first (g) _______ of the students and teachers here is that they are really (h) ______ and helpful. And the (i) ______ is wonderful. As you know, I am staying in a hall of (j) ______ but life here is so different particularly if you are used to home comfort. Comilla Board- 2009 device trained about perform essential great abacus fairly large special recent sense refers called The computer is a fairly (a) ________ invention. It has now become an (b) ______ part of modern life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) _______ revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) ______ that helps people perform mathematical calculation may be (e) ________ a computer (g) ________ to special kind of electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and process (h) _______ masses of information at a (i) ______________ speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j) ________ mathematicians would need years to complete. Gap Filling With Clues Worksheet-5.1 1. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specially The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 2. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Growth Wife Income cost Ability rented Day to day Okey Intend Astonish Expensive Share pretty Hello, my name is Charles Kararo and I am a banker. My salary is (a)--- but the (b)—expenses in Nairobi are (c)—high. Both housing and food are (d)---- in the capital. I have an apartment but it is really too small for my family. Of course it doesn’t have a garden. So my (f)—Maria, who loves gardening, can't go out to work either because there's no one else in the house to look after the children. So the whole family depends on my (h)- alone. I have great hopes for my children and would like to send them to a good school. But good schools are very (i)--- I am not sure how much I will be able to help them. Moreover. I am often in a fix about whether I should (j)-- my income with my brothers in the village. 3. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 4. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box recent trained fairly essential abacus computer device process about modern perform machine sense specialy process The computer is a (a) - recent invention. It has now become an important part of (b) - life. It has greatly benefited us and brought (c) - revolutionary changes in our life. Any (d) - that helps people (e) - mathematical calculation may be called a computer. In this sense the (f) - is a simple computer. Today, however, the term (g)- refers to special kind of electronic (h) - that can perform mathematical calculations and (i) - large masses of information at a great speed. In a few minutes a computer can perform calculation that (j)-mathematicians would need years to complete. 5. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Warming Cut Rise Anticipation Habitats Particularly Provide Increase Exticntion Recklessly Severe Imperative Catastrophe alarming The destruction of forests and other (a)---.is causing the (b)—of varous plants and animals. In the last 25 years alone the world has lost one third of its natural wealth. Forests are being (c)—down. Moreover, they are being burnt (d)—resulting in an (e)--- in carbon dioxide and ultimately the water level is (f)—as a consequence of global (g)--. It is (h)—that the new century will face an overwhelming environments (i)--. It is therefore (j)—check the reckless pollution of the environment. 6. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) -of ubuman 6,6ttg and is (b) - for every kind of development. It (c) -us to make right choices in life. It (d) - our ability to raise crops, store food, (e) -- the environment and (f) - out our social responsibilities. It (g) - us with an enlightened (h) -- about things. But education has to be (i) It is not merely 0) - degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane. 7. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box safe cover know develop precaution time recur safe belief possible loss direct compulsory be reduce belief Bangladesh (a) -- in the active earthquake zone. It is (b) - to all Bangladeshis. Experts are alarmed by the (c) - of quakes during recent years. But they give no (d) - answer to the question of (e) - about the buildings of Dhaka city. As there is every (t)=-of earthquakes in Bangladesh, experts call for taking adequate (g) - measures to (h) - losses. RAJUK (i) - that an earthquake resistant building code should be (j)-. 8. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box establlishe transmitted simultancously storee base time made personal clecronic communication easily im prove sent actually E -mail means (a) --mail. It is an electronic (b) - of communication. E-mail (c) - is user to user but telex communication is terminal to terminal. Telephone connection often takes a lot of time to be (d) -- because both the caller and the called must be present (e)- `Bwt e-mail is a computer (f) -- system and thernessages that are (g)- via the computer become (h) -- in the mail box of an individuals (i) - computer without the need of his being (j)--- present. Thus, e-mail saves both time and money. 9. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 10. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Carr Provide Get Essential Atribute Hence Define Needs Enables Yardstick Adipt Shelter Enhance Protect Aware perform Education is one of the basic (a) ---(b)--- for every kindof development. It (c)—right choices in life. It (d)---our ability to raise crops, store food, (e)—the environment and (f)—out “our social responsibilities. It (g)—us with an enlightened (h)—about things. But education has to be (i)--. It is not merely (j)—degrees from schools, colleges and universities. It is something more lasting, more humane 11. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 12. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)----away, let him not come here again." 13. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Eager Joyous Become Remain Festive Favourite Food Want Flood Invite Gift elders Children are very fond o 'festivals. They become very (a) - on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys be over (b) -. They become very (c) - to have wishes form their beloved persons. The whole day they (d) - to times in joy. Usually a child on its birthday, gets up early and tries to (e) - close to their parents. It (f) - a nice da is presented anything very (g) - to it. Children also want to have their friends (h) - to their house on a festival . expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i) -.- We should try to keep the children always in a (j)---mind. 14. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drink Eat Available Nutrition Satisfy Happen Lack Need Heart Balanced Knowledge Preserve Mind for While (a)—food we should bear in (b)—that we don’t eat just to (c)—hunger or to fill the belly. We eat to (d)—our health. For good health a man (e)—good food. Sometimes it so (f)—that people who live even in the midst of plenty do not eat the food they need for good health because they have no (g)—of science and health and (h)--. They do not know how to select a (i)—diet from the many foods that are (j)—to them. 15. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box flood rise climate warmer alarm unnecessarily prediction change evidence destroy catastrophically gradual severely increase The world is getting (a) - because of pollution. Every year millions of people all over the world die (b) - as a result Qf pollution. In the recent years there have been (c) - reports that the world's (d) - is undergoing a significant (e) -. All these reports provide strong (f) - that world temperatures are (g) - day by day. Climatologists (h) - that mid way through the next century temperatures may have (i) - as much as 4°C. This could raise sea levels and thereby (j) -coastal areas and farm lands. 16. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Find Prevail Both Available Neat Caterers Appeal Take Submit Looking Be Collection Look book A library serves as the source of knowledge (a)—for the students and the teachers. It is a large (b)—of book. Among these, there are books on courses that are taught in different classes. There (c)—books on extracurricular subjects also. In the library, newspapers and priodicals are also (d)--. The library (e)—to the tastes of different people. Books are arranged in shelves (f) -. There are library assistants who are also helpful for the readers. One head librarian (g) - after the library. So the readers do not have any problem in (h) - out the right book. There is also a reading room where silence (i) -. One can also take books from the library for reading at home by (j) - library cards to the librarian 17. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box joyful eager remain want gift food invite amity elder favourite festive delightful shy Children are very fond of festivals. They become very (a)---on a day of festival. If it is their birthday, their joys become over (b)---- They become very (c)----to have wishes from their beloved persons. Whole day they (d)----to spend times in joys. Usually a child on her birthday gets up early and tries to (e)---close to her presents. It becomes a (fl day, if she is presented anything very (g) to her. Children also want to have their friends (h)----to their house on a festival. They expect to have a party. Their joys give pleasure to their (i)----We should try to keep the children always in a (j) mind. 18. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Go Have Find Lose Die Are Way consider Prefer Enjoy Be Dead Preference Take Bound get We find changes in amusement and entertainment that (a)—taken place over time. Common forms of entertainment like snake charming, puppet shows, jarigan (b)—popular in the past past are gradually (c)—their appeal. They are (d)—out. We don’t (e)—the existence of many of these. Now people like to (f)—T.V. they (g)—concert, disco, pop etc. All the changes that have (h)—place today are not (i)—good. Sometimes people are (j)—to receive some bad aspects of Western culture. 19. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Educate Recreation Religion Original Question Broadcast Sent Aim Facilities Concern Look Consider Though taken Tcievlsion, a source of much knowledge, pleasure, and information and a widely used media of mass communication, is now being (a) - at from a different point of view. Is the TV really doing good, especially to the youngsters of our w+ generation? It is an important (b) - both to ask and to answer indeed. Looked from an (c) - point of view, the TV is to be (d) - one of the most effective means of educating both the students and the public as a whole. Again, it has almost become the most effective and popular means of people's (e) -. Films, dramas, songs, dances, comedy scrim-all these are very attractive packages of programmes. As a means of communications TV is, (f) - not the most atqpcr*artt. yet the most effective and useful means of communication. Up to this point, we must say that the TV is doing good to our youngsters by educating them and by giving them recreational (g) -. But as far as the satellite TV is (h)--- we cannot say this for certainly. The commercial package programmes (i) - by satellite TVs are detrimental to our young generation, pernicious to our societies, threatening to our values and traditions and (j)—beliefs. 20. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box mentally educated genius help development useful assist sympathetic wise improve provides self-reliant called equip Proper education (a) - a learner with opportunities to (b) - all his latent talents. Its aim is to (c) - him physically and (d) - so that he can be (e) - to himself and to the society. An educated man is (f) -- but he also (g) - -others in attaining self-reliance. He is supposed to be wellmannered, kind and (h)- -. So a man who has acquired knowledge and skill only for his material development cannot be (i) - a truly (j)---man. 21. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Husband Consider Dominated Happy Protect Education Issue Beat Law Healthy Save subsevient Women un our society have always been considered (a)—to men. The majority of houses are being (b)—usually by (c)--and women most often have no say in opinion. Their opinion is (d)--unnecessary even in such important (e) -- as the number of children they would like to have. In many households they arc (f) -by the husbands. To (g) -- their rights the Govt has introduced law. But (h) --sometimes can't (i)---them. So, what is more needed for them is the proper (j)-- - . 22. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 23. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box With Improve Not Mean Maintain Upon Stop Take Easily Than Keep Depend Raise avoid Overeating (a) - taking too much food (b) - one needs. We eat (c) to overload our stomach but to (d) - a sound itmith- A sound health (e) - on eating habit, to some extent. Overeating tells (f) - our health. By (g) - awareness of the people the habit of overeating can be (h) -. With a view to (i) - our body fit, we should taking too much food. 24. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Happen Furious Die Spoil Live Excution Unpleasant Knowing Wit Pleasant Declare Wretch Cause expire Once upon a time, there was a king who was very fond of (a) his future from the astrologers. A famous astrologer (b)----to stop at his capital on his way to Benaras. The king called on him to know about the future and the astrologer told him something (c) . At this the king got (d)---- and condemned him to (e)----saying, "Men like you should not live to (f)---- the peace of the world". But another thought had crossed his mind before the astrologer was removed for (g)--- "How long will you live?" asked the king. With ready (h)---the astrologer said. "The stars (i)---- that I shall die only a week before your majesty. So, good bye." Hearing this, the king turned pale like a dead man and shouted, "Drive this (j)--- -away, let him not come here again." 25. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Attitude Amply Predetermined Ordered Ordained Sorrows Out look Belief Undergo Hold Fate poor There are many people in our country who have a conservative (a0--. Quite early inlife they learn to (b)—that everything in this world was (c)--. They think all that happens to them was (d)—by God. From this belief the poor generaly accept their (e)--. They also accept all their (f)—and sufferings without trying much to overcome them. They also(g)—a firm belief that those who (h)— sufferings in this world will be (i)—rewarded in the world. have the same sort of (j)—tpwards illness and diseases. 26. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Add Breathe need Plant Prevent Preserve Grow Produce Protect Provide Take Give Wash gather Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines, paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)- -them and plant more trees around us. 27. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Aware Using Communication Spanteneously Able Develop Acquisitive Mother Naturally Usual Competence language Trees are very useful to humans. They (a)--- the rich top of soil from being –(b) away by rain water and floods. You can see trees being (c) -- along mountain slopes on road sides, in parks and gardens. Trees give us shade. They (d) - life to place with their colourful flowers, beautiful leaves, fruits and thick trunks. They (e) - shelters for birds and animals. They give us timber, medicines,paper, gum and many other useful things. They (f)- - in carbon dioxide and (g)---oxygen.. As you know, by now man (h) - oxygen to (i) -and live, Trees are our best friends. We should (j)--them and plant more trees around us. 28. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Bought Reading Wanted Failry How Experience Effective Start Important Laughed Experiment several Two friends, Raghib and Adeeb, (a)—to learn how to ride a bicycle. Adeeb (b)—a book called “How to Ride a bicycle” and started (c)—it. On the other hand, Raghib took out his bicycle on the street and (d)--- trying to ride it. He fell off several times and Adeeb (e)—at him. However, by the time Adeeb finished the first chapter of his book, Raghib was riding his bicycle (f)—well. Adeeb knew (g)—the bicycle worked but did not know how to use it from first hand (h)--. Learning a language is like riding a bicycle. The most (i)—thing about any language is communication. You learn to communicate (j)—by using a language, by doing things with it and by experiencing it. 29. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Conduct Become Spare Pursuit Travel Major Leisure Work Spend Physically Make love For the Germens, leaisure has become a major (a)--. Formerly, Germans used to (b)—ten hours a day and six days a week and had very little time for (c)--. But in modern times working hours in Germany have (d)—shorter stretching over five days only. People have therefore more time to (e)— now than in the past. They are so interested in (f)—their free time effectively that there is even a German Leisure Association that (g)—research on leisure activities. The Germans love to (h)—and almost half of all adults in Germany have (i)—a trip outside the country just for pleasure and relaxation. There are also many sports centres where young people go for (j)—excersise. 30. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Originated Grow Bcomes Careful Appearance Miniature Fond Containers Normal High Contribute remain Bonsai is the art of (a)—trees and other plants in small (b)—in such a way that it (c)—the miniature of a real tree. A Bonsai tree may be 10 years old but have a (d)—of one foot only. The art of Bonsai (e)—perhaps more than 1000 years ago in China. Early Japanese aristocrats also showed a (f)—for Bonsai and (g)—greatly to its development. Bonsai is different from (h)—pot planting as it is considered an art form. A Bonsai tree is (i)— shaped to remain small but still has the (j)—of a large tree. 31. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Flow Take Largely Help Cut Bottom Spread Allow Container Cover Beauty tie Bonsai plant does not need (a)—pots but small containers and not much of soil. A Bonsai (b)—has holes in the bottom which are (c0—with small nets so that the soil does not (d)--- out with the water the plant is then (e)—out of its original pot and one-third of its root is (f0—our. It is then ties to the (g)—of the pot with the (h)—to wires. Soil is then (i)—over it to cover the container but about an inch of the root is (j)—to stay above the soil to enhance beauty. 32. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Argue Crowd Empty Kept Plan Seat Moved Make Quarrel Push Get rudely Farid got on the bus to go to college. The bus was (a)—as usual. The bus conductor pushed him aside and (b)---rude remarks for standing in the way. Farid (c)—quie, there was a seat beside him in which he (d)—to sit down as soon as it got (e)—but the moment it was vacant another passanger (f)—him rudely and grabbed the (g)--. Farid was extremely annoyed but smply (h)—way from the seat. “What’s the point of (i)—now?”- he thought. The seat is lost and there’s no point in (j)—about it now. 33. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Laugh Urgue Sit Try Think Go Dance Bring Scene Give Notice Sing Sohel was going on a picnic with his friends. Many of his friends started (a)—and singing in the bus he kept (b)—in his seat smiling and enjoining the (c)--. He just wouldn’t move even when they (d)—him to join them, “I can’t sing so well. You will (e)—if I sing” he said. “we can’t sing either, but it’s fun. Why don’t you just (f)—it a try? Besides, nobody will (g)—if you sing in a group.” They (h)—to convince him. But Sohel just couldn’t (i)— himself to sing. He was too worried about what people would (j)--. 34. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Shout Debating Think Scream Organize Interest Happy Join Find Write Want Fahima’s college wanted to introduce a (a)—club. So, they gave her the responsibility of (b)—the club and finding out people who were (c)—in debating. Fahima (d)—agreed. She went around to every class when the teacher was not there and (e)—“We are having a debating club. Who wants to (f)--? Give me your names now or (g)—over it then let me know in two days. You will (h)—me in the common room.” One of her friends said, “Why don’t you just (i)—it down as a notice and put it up on the notice board? You won’t have to scream like this then.” “Oh I don’t mind (j)--. 35. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Drive Feeling Possess Go Consider Pierce Normally Beats Draw Control In Panambanam in Indonesia, worshipers (a)—themselves to be (b)—by god in this state, they are able to (c)—needle through their cheeks and tongues without (d)—any pain. In the island of Bali, Indonedia, dancers meditate and make themselves (e)—into trance-like state. They can then (f) their bodies with daggers without (g)—out any blood. Fakirs who practise ‘Yoga’ learn to (h)—their beathing to such an extent that their heart (i)—at only two beats a minuet whereas a (j)--- human heart beats 70-80 times per minuete. 36. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Environmental Interrelated Refer Part Live Hang biosphere Related Ecology Elements Link Make us The environment (a)—to the air, water and land in which people, animals and plants (b0--. So human beings, animals, air, water and soil are the main (c)—of the environment. The natural forces such as storms, cyclones and earthquakes are also (d)-- of this environment. Climate is thus a condition of the (e)--. All things that make up the environment are (f)— The way in which people, animals and plants are (g)—to each other and to their surroundings is known as (h)--. The ecosystem is a complex web that (i)—animals, plants and every form in the biosphere. All these things (j0—together. 37. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Products Stand Use Wash Responsible Environment mix Mix Dump Throw Water, another vital elements of the (a)—is also polluted in different ways. Man (b)— water by throwing waste into it. Farmers (c)—chemical fertilizers and insecticides in their fields. When rain and floods (d)—away some of these chemicals, they get (e)—with water in rivers, canals and ponds. Mills and factories also (f)—their poisonous chemicals and waste (g0—into rivers and canals and thus pollute the water. Water vehicles also pollute rivers by (h)—oil, food waste and human waste into them. Insanitary latrines and unsafe drains (i)—on river and canals banks are also (j)—for further pollution. Thus, water is contaminated by various kinds of waste and filth. 38. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Wildlife Develop Wild Change Spoil Save Protect Maintain Lost Take balance We know that all species are important for (a)—ecological balance. If one is (b)—the whole natural environemnt (c)-. In order to protect the environment from being (d)--. We should therefore (e)—our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now (f)— action to protect their endangered (g)--. George Haycock, author of several books on wildlife, writes: “Mankind must (h)—a concern for (i)- creatures and a determination that these wild species will not perish.” We should save the earth’s wild creatures to (j)—ourselves. To be kind to animals is to be kind to mankind. 39. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Recurrence Straight Adequate Lies Safe Event Unknown Follow Called Resident Give alarmed How (a)—wil the buildings in the city of Dhaka be in the (b)—of an earthquake? Experts give no (c)—to this question, but call for taking (d)—precautions to minimize loses. That Bangladesh (e)—in the active earthquake zones is not (f)—to Bangladeshis. Alarmed by the (g0—of quakes during recent years, experts have (h)—for the development of an earthquake (i)—building code that all building should (j)--- as mandatory. 40. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the box Keep Next House Close Closed Study Get Come Kept Sit Concentrate Compel Riaz is fed up with his (a)--- door neighbours. His bed is very (b)—to theirs. Every time, he (c)—down to study in the evening, there (d)—the “Blaring sound of the television from the (e)—next door. It seems that the TV is (f)—on the whole evening. It becomes very difficult for him to (g)—on his studies. In winter, he can bear it by (h)—his window closed but in summer it (i) too hot and stuffy if the window is kept (j) .

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Narration for Examination , Narration, Narration for SSC, HSC NARRATION / DIRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH Rules Narration- Basic Rules Basic Rules · Narration- Assertive Sentence · Narration- Interrogative Sentence · Narration- Imperative Sentence · Narration- Optative Sentence · Narration- Exclamatory Sentence Narration - Passage Narration Rules Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules Narration - all Rules and Practice for SSC , HSC and All Competitive Exams Exercise / Worksheets JSC or Beginner · Narration Practice for JSC (Class-8) Examination 3.0 - Board Questions(2019-2013) with Answer SSC Narration Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - Board Questions(2024-2023) with Answer Narration Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - Board Questions(2022-2021) with Answer Narration Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - Board Questions(2020-2019) with Answer Narration Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - Board Questions(2018-2017) with Answer Narration Practice for SSC Examination 4.0 - Board Questions(2016-2015) with Answer HSC NARRATION FOR HSC EXAMINATION / Passage Narration for Class-11 & 12 ( Board Questions with Answers) Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2024-2023) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2022-2021) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2020-2019) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2018-2017) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2016-2015) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2014-2013) with Answer Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(2012-2009) with Answer University Admission Tests & other Competitive Exams Narration Practice (MCQ) for BCS, University Admission Tests & other Competitive Exams-1 Indirect to Direct · Narration - Indirect to Direct Rules · Narration - Indirect to Direct Practice-5.21 DIRECT AND INDIRECT NARRATION 1. Rahim says, "Anil will come". Rahim says that Anil will come. In the first sentence, Ram's speech is quoted in the actual words used by him, but in the second sentence Ram's speech is reported in the form of a narrative. When a speech is quoted in the actual words used by the speaker, it is called the Direct speech or narration. But when the speech is reported in the form of a narrative, giving the substance or meaning of the words used by speaker, without quoting his actual words, it is called the Indirect speech or narration. The speech which is quoted in actual words ("Anil will come") is called the Reported speech and the verb (says ) that introduces the speech is called the Reporting verb. Study the following sentences : Reporting verb Reported speech He said, I am ill. " - Direct speech He said that he was ill.-Indirect speech Rahim says, "I want the book."- Direct speech Rahim, says that he wants the book.-Indirect speech General Rules 2. Assertive Sentences : (a) The conjunction that is generally used before the reported speech of the form of a statement. (b) If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, the tense of the verb in the reported speech is not changed at all. Direct Ram says, "I shall go." Indirect Ram says that he will go. Direct He has said, "I went." Indirect lie has said that he went. (c) If the reporting verb is in the past tense, change the verb in the reported speech into the corresponding past form: Direct He said, "I am ill." Indirect He said that he was ill. Direct He said to me, "I shall go, but you will stay. Indirect He told me that he would go, but I should stay. NOW: (i) The following points on punctuation marks should be carefully noted: The actual words quoted in the direct speech are put within inverted commas(") No inverted commas should be used in the indirect speech. The reported speech in the direct narration begins with a capital letter and it is preceded by a comma. In the indirect speech, no comma should be used after the reporting verb. To express simple futurity, we use shall in the first person and will in the second and third persons. So in the last two examples, I shall in the Direct becomes he would in the Indirect. For the same reason, in the last example, you will in the Direct becomes I should in the Indirect. Some are of opinion that when the reporting verb is in the past tense, "All the past tenses of the direct form either remain in the past tense or are changed into the past perfect tense. The past perfect tense is used chiefly when we wish to lay stress on the completion of the action." The first alternative certainly violates the rules of the sequence of tenses: Still, it cannot often be helped. For example, take the following passage: He said to me, "I went home in January, There I met my sister after a long time. She was a widow and was very eager to see me. My mother, too, wished me to see her." Now, if we are to change the past tenses of the Direct form into the past perfect in. the Indirect, the rendering would stand thus: He told me that he had gone home in January. There he had met his sister after a long time. She had been a widow and had been very eager to see him. I Its mother, too, had wished him to see her. Now, so many past perfect tenses in a single passage is certainly bad English. If instead we retain the simple past indefinite of the original in the Indirect form from the second sentence, the rendering will be good English. Hence, the rule stated above. In the case of a short sentence, however, the past may be, and should ordinarily be, changed into the past perfect because that does not create any difficulty. If the Direct speech states a universal truth or a habitual fact, the tense of the verb in the reported speech is not changed. Direct He said, "Honesty is the best policy." Indirect He said that honesty is the best policy. Direct He said, "God is good." Indirect He said that God is good. Direct He said, "I take bath in the Ganges every morning.” Indirect He said that he takes bath in the Ganges every morning. The Indirect speech should correspond in the persons of pronouns and verbs to the persons of the individuals in the Direct speech. Direct I said to him, " You are wrong." Indirect I told him that he was wrong. Direct He said to me, "I shall go, but you will stay." Indirect He told me that he would go, but I should stay. NOTE: (i) Boys often make a confusion in changing the persons of the reported speech. It may help them to remember that the first person (I, we, us, etc.) of the Direct speech is changed into the person of the speaker, and the second person ( you, your, etc.) of' the Direct speech is changed into the person of the man to whom the speech is addressed. Note the examples given above. "Said to him," "said to me," etc. before "that" are not good English; write "told him," "told me," etc. Note: When there is uncertainty as to the particular person to whom the pronoun in the Indirect speech refers, the name of the person should be placed in brackets. Direct He said to Ram, " You are wrong." Indirect He told Ram that he (Ram Ram ) was wrong. Direct Hari said to Jatin, " You will pass." Indirect Hari told Jatin that he (Jatin) would pass. (iii) Sometimes the introductory portion is left out and the speech only is given. To turn such speeches into the Indirect form, the sentence should begin as He told Ram, or I told her, or something like this. Thus, Direct I cannot do it. Indirect He told me (or, I told him, or you told me) that he (or, I or you) could not do it. 3. Interrogative Sentences: In converting such sentences, (a) change the reporting verb into ask or enquire ; (b) then add whether or if, if the question admits of one of the two answer: yes or no-, but do not add whether or if, if the question V introduced by an interrogative pronoun, or adjective, o; adverb (viz. who, which, what, why, when, where, how, etc.) (c) and change the interrogative form into a statement. The conjunction "that" is never used in such cases. (a Direct He said to me, "Are you ill?" Indirect He asked (or enquired of) me if (or whether) I was ill. Direct My father said to him, "Is not poverty a curse?” Indirect My father asked (or enquired of ) him whether or if poverty is not a curse. Direct You said to Ram, "Will you help me?” Indirect You asked Ram if he would help you. Direct You said to me, "Do you hear me?" Indirect You asked me if I heard you. (b) Direct He said to me, "What are you doing?" Indirect He asked me what I was doing. Direct He said to me, " When will you go home” Indirect He enquired of me when I would go home. Direct You said to me, " Why have you failed ?" Indirect You asked me why I had failed. NOTE: (i) No question mark (?) is used in indirect speech. (ii)) If the introducing verb itself is interrogative, the reported speech is followed by a question mark : Did she tell you why she went there? 4. Imperative sentences: In converting such sentences, change the verb into the Infinitive form, and the reporting verb into some such words as 'tell', 'request', 'command', 'beg', ,entreat', as the sense of the speech may require. Direct He said to me, "Do not go there." Indirect He told or advised or ordered me not to go there, Direct I said to him, "Please explain the passage." Indirect I requested him to explain the passage. Direct The general said to the soldiers, "March on." Indirect The general ordered the soldiers to march on. Direct I said to him, "Excuse me, sir." Indirect I begged him to excuse me. NOTE: (a Tell may often be used to express 'request, 'order', 'command', etc. It is, therefore, often safer for students to use tell in the Indirect form when they may be in doubt about the proper word to introduce the reported speech. (b) Vocatives may be omitted, as in the last example, or may be dealt with as below: Direct He said, "Ram, go there." Indirect He told Ram to go there. Direct He said, "Friends, lend me your cars." Indirect Addressing them as friends, he requested them to lend him their ears. Direct He shouted, "Stop you, villain." Indirect He shouted to the villain to stop. Or, He ordered the villain to stop. Or, Calling the man a villain, he ordered him to stop. (c)) in the Indirect form, such expressions as please, sir in the Direct are left out, or they are rendered by such expressions as kindly, politely, etc. Even when the introductory verb is in the past tense, would, should, might, could and must do not normally change. Direct She said, "I would help him if I could. Indirect She said that she would help him if she could. Direct He said to me, "You must leave the place." Induct He told me that I must leave the place." Direct The man said, "Could I speak to Mr. Ray?" Indirect The man asked if he could speak to Mr. Ray. Direct He said to the children, "You mustn't play with fire." Indirect He told the children that they mustn't play with fire. 5. (a) When Let in the Direct speech expresses a proposal or suggestion, we may use should for let, and change the reporting verb into propose or suggest. Direct He said to me, ".Let us go home." Indirect He proposed or suggested to me that we should go home. Direct I said to him, "Let us have some music." Indirect I proposed or suggested to him that we should have some music. (b) But when Let does not express a proposal, it should be changed into might or might be allowed, or into some other form according to the sense. Direct He said, "Let him do whatever he likes." Indirect He said that he (a third person) might (or might be allowed to ) do whatever he liked. Direct He said," Let me come in." Indirect He requested that he might be allowed to come in. Optative Sentences : In Optative sentences, the reporting verb is changed into wish or pray, and the optative form is changed into a statement. Direct He said to me, "May you be happy." Indirect He wished or prayed that I might be happy. Direct He said to you, "May God bless you." Indirect He prayed that God might bless you. Exclamatory Sentences : If the direct form is an exclamation, the reporting verb is changed to some such verb as 'exclaim'. 'cry out, 'pray, `wish', and the exclamation is turned into a statement. But new words and phrases have often to be introduced to express the full meaning. Direct He said, "Alas! I am undone." Indirect He cried out in sorrow that he was undone. Direct "Bravo! well done!" they cried. Indirect They applauded him, for (or saying that) he had done well, Direct He said, "By Jove! What a good news!" Indirect He swore by Jove that it was a very good news. N.B. It should be carefully noted that what, how, and who are sometimes used in exclamation to denote excess or absence, instead of introducing an interrogation. In such cases they should be replaced by great, greatly, very, very much or none in the indirect :‑ Direct He said to me, "How happy you are!" Indirect He told me that I was very happy. Direct He said, " What was my joy to see the thing!" Indirect He said that his joy to see the thing was very great. Direct I said, "Who knew that this should happen!" Indirect I said that none knew that that would happen. NOTE: In indirect speech, the sentence ends with a fullstop(.) and not an exclamation mark(!). 8. Words indicating time and place: (a ) Adjectives, Adverbs and Verbs in the Direct speech, expressing nearness, are often changed into similar words expressing remoteness: Now becomes then Hither becomes thither Here there Thus (in) that way, so This that Today that day, the same day Ago before Tomorrow the next day, the These those following day Hence thence Yesterday the previous day, the day before Come go Last night the previous (night ) Last week/month the week before/the previous week, etc. Next week/month the week after/the following week, etc. Direct He said, "I know this boy." Indirect He said that he knew that boy. Direct “I said to him, "You will get it today or tomorrow", Indirect I told him that he would get it that day or the next day. Direct He said to me, "Come here." Indirect He told me to go there. (b) But if now, here, this, etc. refer to things present before the speaker at the time he is reporting, no change is necessary. Direct She said, "I knew this boy." Indirect She said that she knew this boy. Direct I said, "We can never be happy here." Indirect I said that we can never be happy here (=in this world). NOTE: Students often change "it" into "that" in the indirect. But that is wrong; "it" remains unchanged. 9. Questions and Answer: "Yes" and "No"—In changing answers into the Indirect form, sentences are to be given completely by supplying the words understood, Direct "What is your name?" "Ramesh." Indirect I asked him what his name was. He replied that his name was Ramesh. Direct I said to him, "How long will you stay?" Ile replied, "For five days." Indirect I asked him how long he would stay. lie replied that he would stay for five days. Direct “Yes, Sir, I shall go.” Indirect He promised that he would go. The combination of different kinds of reported sentences requires careful treatment. Let us take the passage: (a) He said to me, "Who are you? What do you want'! Go, away." The reported sentences, taken separately, are changed thus: (i) He asked me who I was. (ii) He asked me what I wanted. (iii) He told me to go away. Rules Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Rules of changing speech passage 1. Rule – .By reading the passage carefully, the Speaker, Listener, Tense, Number, Gender & Person and mood of the sentence are to be identified. 2. Rule – If the Reporting Verb is after the Direct Speech, in Indirect Speech it is set at the beginning of the Sentence. Example- Direct : “Please tell me clearly what you mean to say.” said the noble man. Indirect : The noble man requested to tell him clearly what he meant to say. Direct : “It will be decided after a discussion,” said the teacher. Indirect : The teacher said that it would be decided after a discussion. Direct : “Why did you not go to school yesterday?” said the mother to the girl. Direct : "Take this money and go to the market." "Your brother is coming today," said father. Indirect : Father ordered me to take that money and go to the market. He added that my brother was coming that day. 3. Rule . If the Reporting Verb is in the middle of the Sentences, in Indirect Speech it is set beginning of the first Sentence and both sentences are joined by and. Direct: “Thank you,” said the teacher, “You’re really brilliant.” Indirect: The teacher thanked him and said that he was really brilliant. Direct :“Where is the problem?” said the teacher, “Let us try again.” Indirect: The teacher asked where the problem was and proposed that they should try again. Direct: “I’m watching the boys swimming in the pond,” he said, “How happy they are!” Indirect: He said that he was watching the boys swimming in the pond and exclaimed with joy that they were very happy. Direct : "You look a little bit like my mother," Jerry said to the authoress, "Especially in the dark by the fire." Indirect : Jerry told the authoress that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. 4. Rule – In absence of ‘Subject & Listener’ in the Reporting Speech, ‘The speaker’ for Subject & ‘the person spoken to / the listener’ for object of Reporting Verb are written. Direct: “I shall meet you tomorrow. “ Indirect: The speaker said to the person spoken to that he would meet him the next day. Direct : “Are you coming to my house tomorrow?” “Yes, I will come tomorrow evening.” Indirect: The speaker asked the listener if he was going to his house the next day. The listener replied in the affirmative and said that he would come the next evening. Direct: “Don’t go there.” Indirect: The speaker told the person spoken to not to go there. 5. Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) – In Assertive Sentence, reporting verb is changed into added / further added / again said / also said etc. Direct : “Here are the tickets. They will cost one thousand taka,” said the ticket officer. Indirect : The ticket officer told that there were the tickets and said that they would cost one thousand taka. Direct : Hasan said, "I will meet him. I will explain everything to him. I hope he will help us after that." Indirect : Hasan said that he would meet him and explain everything to him. Then he hoped that he would help them after that. 6. Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) In Interrogative Sentence, reporting verb is changed into again asked / also asked / further asked etc. Direct: The maid said, “Why do you beg? Can’t you work?” Indirect : The maid asked him why he begged and also asked him if he could not work. Direct: He said to me, ‘ Who are you? What do you want?’ Indirect: He asked me who I was and what I wanted. 7. Rule – If several sentences are in the Inverted commas (“ – ”) In Imperative Sentence, reporting verb is changed into again advised / also requested / further ordered according to sense of the sentence. In Indirect Speech, two same sentences are joined by and. Direct : Nayem said to me, “I have left my pen at home. Can you give me one?” Indirect: Nayem told me that he had left her pen at home and asked if I could give him one. 8. Rule- In Direct speech if a speaker uses interrogative and assertive sentence together, ‘and’ is used to join the sentences or then is used at the beginning of the second sentence Direct: The teacher said to Urmi, “ Why are you talking in the class? You should behave yourself.” Indirect: The teacher asked Urmi why she was talking in the class and said that she should behave herself. Direct: “I do not know the way. Do you?” he asked her. Inderect: He said that he did not know the way and asked her whether she did. Direct : Mother said to me, "You should maintain your routine properly," "Don't you think it is good for your study?" Indirect : Mother said to me that I should maintain my routine properly and asked me if I didn't think it was good for my study. 9. Rule- To change a dialogue into indirect , we should assume the indicated portion and write accordingly in indirect speech. Direct : "What is your name?" : Rubaba." Indirect : I asked her what her name was. She replied that her name was Rubaba. ,Direct : I said to him, "How long will you stay?" He replied, "for five days." Indirect : I asked him how long he would stay. He replied that he would stay for five days. 10. Rule – . ‘Replied in the affirmative’ are written instead of ‘Yes’. Replied that +sub+ verb can also be used. Direct :“Did people use stamps in those days?” asked Rafiq. “Yes!” answered Mr. Jamil. Indirect: Rafiq asked Mr. Jamil if people had used stamps in those days. Mr. Jamil replied in the affirmative. Direct : He said to me, "Are you ill ‘ . I replied, " Yes." Indirect : He asked me if I was ill. I replied in the affirmative/that I was I was. 11. Rule – If any statement is after ‘Yes’, ‘replied in the affirmative and said that’ are written. Direct :“Have you killed the rats?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have killed,” said the piper. Indirect: The Mayor asked the piper if he had killed the rats. The piper replied in the affirmative and said that he had killed. Direct : He said to me, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest bank?” I said, “Yes, I can tell.” Indirect: He asked me if I could tell him the way to the nearest bank. I replied in the affirmative and said that I could tell. Direct : He said to me, "Do you like games and sports?" I said, "Yes, I play football and cricket." Indirect : He asked me if I liked games and sports. I replied that I did and added that I played football and cricket. 12. Rule – ‘Replied in the negative’ are written instead of ‘No’. Replied that +sub+ verb(negative form) can also be used. Direct: She said to me, “Do you like music? I said, “No.” Indirect : She asked me if I liked music. I replied in the negative. Direct : He said to me, "Do you know Rajib?" I said, "No." Indirect : He asked me if I knew Rajib. I replied that I did not. 13. Rule – If any statement is after ‘No’, ‘replied in the negative and said that’ are written. Direct : “Aren’t you wasting your time?” I said. “No, I don’t think so,” he said. Indirect : I asked him if he wasn’t wasting his time. He replied in the negative and said that he didn’t think so. Direct : He said to me, “Would you accompany me, please?” “No, I am sorry,” replied I. Indirect: He asked me if I would accompany him. I replied in the negative and said that I was sorry. Direct : Zaman said to Rajib," Have you completed the homework?" Rajib said, "No, I am ill." Indirect : Zaman asked Rajib if he (R) had completed his homework. Rajib replied that he (R) had not because he was ill. 14. Rule- If yes/no is used to emphasize the statement, we can use promised or denied as reporting verb. Direct: He said, "Yes, sir, I shall go." Indirect : He promised that he would go. Direct: She said, "No, sir, I have not seen it." Indirect : She denied that she had seen it. Or, She denied having seen it. 15. Rule – Instead of ‘Sir’, respectfully/politely is written. Direct: The man said to the manager, “May I come in, sir?” Indirect: The man respectfully asked the manager if he might go in. Direct : The boy said, “Yes sir, I think so.” Indirect : The boy respectfully replied in the affirmative and said that he thought so. Direct : Kamal said, "Sir, I am sorry." Indirect : Kamal respectfully said that he was sorry. Direct : She said, "Sir, I will be attentive from now." Indirect : She respectfully said that she would be attentive from then. Direct : Rajib said, "Sir, are you busy now?" Indirect : Rajib respectfully asked if he was busy then. Direct : He said to me, "Sir, I will be late today." Indirect : He respectfully said to me that he would be late that day. 16. Rule- If the addressing is true, the name of the person/thing is written as object of the reporting verb. Name used in vocative case is added with Reporting verb. Direct : The teacher said, "Rajib, why are you making a noise?" Indirect : The teacher asked Rajib why he (R) was making a noise. Direct : "Let him come with us, mother," I said. Indirect : I asked my mother to let him come with us. Direct: Mother said, “Sumya, do not quarrel.” Indirect: Mother ordered Sumya not to quarrel. 17. Rule – 13. ‘Addressing as’ is written beginning of the sentence instead of Sir/ friend/ sister/ brother/ mum etc. if they really don’t have any relation. Direct : The student said, “Sir, I have a problem to solve it.” Indirect : Addressing as sir, the student said that he had a problem to solve it. Direct: “Are you hungry, my friends?” said the leader. Indirect : Addressing as his friends, the leader asked if they were hungry. Direct : Amir said, “Brethren, Listen to my word.” Indirect: Addressing as brethren, Amir request to listen to his word. Direct : “I was ill, mum,” the girl replied. Indirect : Addressing her mother as mum, the girl replied that she had been ill. Direct : "Are you hungry, friends?" said the shrewd (t)v) king. Indirect : Addressing them as friends, the shrewd king asked if they were hungry. Direct : Rashed said to the man, "Sir, are you looking for someone?" Indirect : Addressing the man as sir, Rashed asked him (m) if he (m) was looking for someone. 18. If the sentence start with shall I/ we and indicates offer, the sentence is transformed into indirect using the rules of imperative sentence. Direct : "Shall I bring you some tea?" he said to me. Indirect : He offered to bring me some tea. Direct : He said to me, "Shall I bat on top order?" Indirect : He offered to bat on top order. Direct : We said, "Shall we contribute some amount for the affected people?" Indirect : We offered to contribute some amount for the affected people. • Direct : I said, "Shall I join the party?" Indirect : I offered to join the party. Direct : He said, "Shall I meet him tomorrow?" Indirect : He offered to meet him the next day. 19. Rule – In stead of ‘Thank you’, ‘Subject + thanked + Object of Reporting Verb are written. Direct: He said to me, “Thank you.” Indirect: He thanked me. Direct : The teacher said to me, “Thank you.” Indirect : The teacher thanked me. Direct : Mrs. Kalam said, “Thank you, Mr. Haque. Indirect: Mrs. Kalam thanked Mr. Haque. 20. Rule – 12. Instead of Good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/ Happy new year etc. Subject + wished + object + good morning/ good afternoon/ good evening/happy new year etc. Direct: I said to him, “Good morning.” Indirect: I wished him good morning. Direct : The teacher said to us, “Good afternoon to all of you.” Indirect: The teacher wished good afternoon to all of us. Direct: Father said to them, “Good evening to all of you.” Indirect : Father wished them good evening to all of them. Direct : I said to you, “Good night.” Indirect : I wished you good night. Direct : She said to me, “Happy new year.” Indirect : She wished me happy new year. 21. Rule – In stead of ‘Good bye’/Good night, ‘Subject + bade + object + good bye’ /Good night are written. Direct: The leader said, “Good bye my, friends.” Indirect: The leader bade his friends good bye. Direct: Father said to the boy, Good night’ Indirect: Father bade the boy good night. 22. If why is written as an reply o f a question, in indirect speech speaker+ wanted to know the reason is used. Direct: "When will you come?" "At 9 am. Why, mother?" said the son. Indirect: Mother asked her son when he would come. The son replied that he would come at 9 am and wanted to know the reason (for such question). Direct : Shetu said to Tanha, "I will not go for the study tour." "Why? We will have lots of fun." Indirect : Shetu said to Tanha that he (s) would not go for the study tour. Tanha wanted to know the reason and said that they would have lots of fun. Direct : Mother said to Lifa, "Are you going with me?" "No, mother." "Why?". "I am feeling unwell." Indirect : Mother asked Lifa if she was going with her. Addressing her as mother, Lifa replied in the negative. Mother wanted to know the reason. Lifa replied that she was feeling unwell, 23. Rule-well/you see/you know is left out in the indirect speech Direct: The teacher said to him, “Well Rony, I shall reward you.” Indirect: The teacher said to Rony that he would reward him. 24. Rule - Oh I see/Look is replaced by expressing surprise and drawing attention to Direct: Shahid said to Imran, “Oh I see. He is the Director of the company.” Indirect: Expressing surprise, Shahid told Imran that he was the Director of the company. Direct: He said, “Look, I have bought a new red car.” Indirect: Drawing attention, he said that he had bought a new red car. 25. Rule -In assertive sentence/imperative sentence if yes/no/alright/ok is used, we replace them by using agreed/disagreed/decline. Direct: The manager said, “Finish the work as soon as possible.” The employee said, “ Alright sir. You will get the work done within a few days.” Indirect: The manager ordered to finish the work as soon as possible. The employee agreed and respectfully added that he would get the work done within a few days. Direct: “ I am sent to school for playing with friends, father.” Jack said. “No, you are sent to school to read and write.” Indirect: Jack told his father that he was sent to school for playing with friends. Father disagreed and added that he was sent to learn to read and write. 26. Rule - If two parts of the imperative sentence is added with ‘or’ , second part of the sentence is replaced by and added if+ subject+ did not do so. Subject + would/could/might+ verb is used. Direct: “Read attentively or you will fail, “ said the teacher. Indirect: The teacher advised to read attentively and added if he did not do so he would fail. Direct: He said to me, “ Have patience or you will not be able to catch fish. Indirect: He advised me to have patience and added that if I did not so I would not be able to catch fish. 27. Rule – In stead of ‘Part of a Sentence or Phrase’, complete sentence is written according to the sense of the Speaker. Direct: The teacher said, “How are you?” “Well,” said the girl. Indirect: The teacher asked the girl how she was. The girl replied that she was well. Direct: Apu said to me, “What are you doing?” I said, “Eating rice.” Indirect: Apu asked me what I was doing. I replied that I was eating rice. 28. Rule – In stead of ‘By Allah/ by God/ by Lord/ by Jove/ by my life, Swearing by Allah/ by God/ by Lord/ by Jove/ by my life etc are written in the Indirect Speech. Direct: “By Allah,” he replied, “I will not leave this place.” Indirect: Swearing by Allah, he replied that he would not leave that place. Direct : "By Allah, believe me, I did not know him," said Amrin. Indirect : Swearing by Allah, Amrin requested to believe her and said that she had not known him. Direct : Imran said, "By your life, I will study regularly from now, mom." Indirect : Swearing by her life, Imran said to his mother that he would study regularly from then. Direct : "By God", the boy said, "I will not let him go." Indirect : Swearing by God the boy said that he would not let him go. Direct : Aashiqa said, "By my life, I am ready to do every possible thing to educate them." Indirect : Swearing by her life, .Ashiqa said that she was ready to do every possible thing to educate them. 29. Rule –The portion written outside of the inverted comma usually remained unchanged. But ‘Present participle phrase’ are written beginning of the Sentence in Indirect Speech. Direct:“Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the boys. Indirect: Turning to the boys, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers. Direct : Walking towards the door, he said to me, "Wait here for sometime." Indirect : Walking towards the door, he ordered me to wait there for sometime. Direct : Admitting the truth, the man said, "I was really unaware of the fact." Indirect : Admitting the truth, the man said that he had been really unaware of the fact. Direct : Giving a round of applause, we said, "Happy Birthday to you." Indirect : Giving a round of applause, we wished her happy birthday. Direct : In order to get back her lost daughter, she said, "I will give an amount of two lac taka who will find out my daughter." Indirect : In order to get back her lost daughter, she said that she would give an amount of two lac taka who would find out her daughter. 30. Rule –If question mark (?) is ending of Assertive sentence, ‘Being surprised’ are written beginning of Indirect Speech and followed the rules of ‘Interrogative sentence’. Direct: Luna said to me, “You have remembered how she looked all these years?” Indirect: Being surprised, Luna asked me if I had remembered how she had looked all those years. Direct : My brother said to me, "You know him?" Indirect : Being surprised, my brother asked me if I knew him. • Direct : Johnny said to Iddris, "Bangladesh lost the match?" Indirect : Being surprised, Johnny asked Iddris if Bangladesh lost the match. Direct : She said to her brother, "You failed in the exam? I frequently told you to study more and more." Indirect : Being surprised, she asked her brother if he failed in the exam. She again said that she had frequently told him to study more and more. Direct : I said to Rashed, "He is outside the country? But I saw him last night." Indirect : Being surprised, I asked Rashed if he was outside the country and added that I had seen him the previous night. 31. Rule - If the second sentence of the reported speech expresses the reason of the first sentence, we can use since/as/because as linker Direct: “ I will not attend the meeting . I am ill,” he said Indirect: He said that he would not attend the meeting as he was ill. Direct : Raiyan said "I failed in the examination. I did not work hard." Indirect : Raiyan said that he had failed in the examination since he did not work hard. Direct : The man said, "The thief was not seen. There was dark all around." Indirect : The man said that the thief had not seen since there had been dark all around, Direct : The batsman said, "I played bad. The pitch is too slow to bat." Indirect : The batsman said that he had played bad as the pitch was too slow to bat. Direct : The workers said, We will go for a strike. We are not getting our salaries timely." Indirect : The workers said that they would go for a strike as they were not getting their salaries timely. Direct : Father said to me, "I could not withdraw the money. I have lost my ATM card." Indirect : Father said to me that he could not withdraw the money since he had lost his ATM card. 32. Rule-You ought to /should/had better/if I were you will be left out and advised will be used instead Direct: You had better hurry, Jony,” she said. Indirect: She advised Jony to hurry. Direct: “ If I were you, I would wait,” I said to him. Indirect: I advised him to wait. Direct : I said to her, "You had better watch the way you talk to me in the future." Indirect : I advised her to watch the way she talk to me in the future. Direct : "They had better be here before we start dinner," she said. Indirect : She advised to be there before they start dinner. Direct : He said to me, "You ought to tell her everything." Indirect : He advised me to tell her everything. Direct : Rashed said to. Ibrahim, "If I were you, I would not do this." Indirect : Rashed advised Ibrahim not to do that. 33. Rule - Sorry/ I am sorry is replaced by apologized Direct: “Sorry , sir, I will not be late again,” said the student. Indirect: The student apologized and said that he would not be late again. Direct : The boy said, "Sorry. It was my mistake." . Indirect : The boy apologized and said that it had been his mistake. Direct : The stranger said, "I am sorry. I don't know anyone here." Indirect : The stranger apologized and said that he didn't know anyone there. Direct : He said to his father, "Sorry. I will not do it again." Indirect : He apologized to his father and said that he would not do it again. Direct : The girl said, "I am sorry. I behaved with you wrongly." Indirect : The girl apologized and said that she had behaved with him wrongly. 34. Rule : Sorry to disturb you/excuse me is replaced by seeking an excuse in indirect speech Direct: The man said, “ Excuse me, how can I find this address?” Indirect: Seeking an excuse, the man asked how he could find that address. Direct: The girl said to the man, “ Sorry to disturb you, are you Mr. Max?” Indirect: Seeking an excuse the girl asked the man if he was Mr.Max. Direct : "Sony to disturb, would you tell me the way to the nearest college?" said the man. Indirect : Seeking an excuse, the man asked if he would tell him the way to the nearest college. Direct : Kamal said to his teacher, "Excuse me, sir. I did not understand the math you solved now." Indirect : Seeking an excuse, Kamal respectfully said to his teacher that he (k) had not understood the math he (t) solved then. 35. Rule – If Pronoun is beginning and Noun is ending of the Sentence, The noun used as subject is replaced by pronoun. Direct : “My sons, listen to me.” “We are listening.” “I am going to die,” said the old man. Indirect : The old man told his sons to listen to him. His sons replied that they are listening. The old man said that he was going to die. Direct: Imran said to her, “ How was your exam?” Lifa Said, “Very good” Indirect: Imran asked Lifa how her exam had been. Lifa replied that her exam was very good. Direct : Selim said to him, "I am ready to go." Mr. Anwar said, "Grab a car. We are already late." Indirect : Selim said to Mr. Anwar that he (S) was ready to go. Mr Anwar told Selim to grab a car and added that they were already late. Direct : The maid said to him, "Why do you beg?" The old man replied, "I am too old to work." Indirect : The maid asked the old man why he (OM) begged. The old man replied that he (OM) was too old to work. 36. Rule - In case of tag question the statement part of the tag question is changed following the rules of interrogative sentence and tag portion is changed using “and assumed that “ and remaining follows the rule of assertive sentence Sturucture: Speaker+asked+listener+if+subject+verb+……and assumed that + subject+ verb……….. Direct: Della said to Jim, “I’m me without my hair, ain’t i? Indirect: Della asked Jim if she was her without her hair and assumed that she was. Direct: The man said, “We love our country, don’t we?” Indirect: The man asked if we loved our country and assumed that we did. Direct : He said, "Everybody loves flower, don't they?" Indirect : He asked if everybody loves flower and assumed that they do. Direct : I said, "I did not come last night, did I?" Indirect : I asked if I had not gone the previous night and assumed that I hadn't. Direct : "They are very serious, aren't they?" Aashiqa said. Irfdirect : Aashiqa asked if they were very serious and assumed that they were. Important Note: Some are of opinion that when the Reporting Verb is in the past tense, "All past tenses of the direct form either remain in the past tense, or are changed into the past perfect tense. The past perfect tense is used chiefly when we wish to lay stress on the completion of the action." This certainly violates the rules of the sequence of tense; still, it cannot often be helped. For example, let us take the following passage: Direct: He said to me, "I went home in January. There I met my sister after a long time. She was a widow and was very eager to see me. My mother to wished me to see her." Indirect: He said to me that he had gone home in January. There he had met his sister after a long time. She had been a widow and had been very eager to see him. His mother, too had wished him to see her. Now, so many past perfect tenses in a single passage are certainly bad English. If instead, we retain the simple past indefinite of the original in the indirect form, the rendering will be good English. Hence, the rule stated above. In the case of short sentence, however, the past may be and shall be changed into the past perfect, because that does not create any difficulty. Rules of changing Passage Narration (Indirect to Direct) The conversion of Indirect to Direct Speech generally presents no special difficulties. Follow all the rules which we learned for changing the Direct to Indirect Speech in reverse for changing Indirect to Direct Speech. Narration change from Indirect to direct speech follows the reverse rules of changing the narration from Direct to Indirect speech. So, if you attentively learn the rules of narration change from Direct to Indirect, it would be easy to change narration from Indirect to Direct speech. Rule 1 To convert indirect speech to direct speech, we have to add punctuation marks at proper places. Reported clause of the sentence should be put inside a quotation mark. A comma also have to be added. e.g. Indirect: Ratan said that he was drinking tea. Direct: Ratan said, “I am drinking tea.” Rule 2 In case of changing narration from indirect to direct speech, conjunction such as that, if, whether, should be omitted. e.g. Indirect: Mohit asked if I was okay. Direct: Mohit said, “Are you okay?” Here the conjunction ‘if’ is omitted. Rule 3 While changing indirect to direct speech, the tense of the sentence changes. The tense of the reported clause is restored to the tense in which the original speaker has spoken the words. e.g. Indirect: Priyanka said that she liked reading books. Direct: Priyanka said, “I like reading books.” Rule 4 In this case, the sentence does not always ends with full stop. While changing indirect to direct speech, the ending punctuation mark depends on the type of sentence. It can be an exclamatory mark in case of exclamatory sentence or a question mark in case of interrogative sentence. e.g. Indirect: Bipasha asked Rakesh what he was doing. Direct: Bipasha said to Rakesh, “What are you doing?” Indirect: She exclaimed with horror that the sight was very horrible. Direct: She said, “What a horrible sight!” Rule 5 Pronouns, time, place also changes accordingly from indirect to direct. e.g. Indirect: Father told me to go home then. Direct: Father said, “Go home now.” Here ‘then’ changes to ‘now’. Indirect: Rupa said that she read poetry. Direct: Rupa said, “I read poetry.” ‘She’ pronoun is replaced by ‘I’. Examples: • Indirect: Clinton asked John to go with him. • Direct: Clinton said to John, “Come with me." • Indirect: The stranger asked Alice where he lived. • Direct: The stranger said to Alice, ‘where do you live?’ • Indirect: An old mouse asked who would bell the cat. • Direct: An old mouse said, “Who will bell the cat?" • Indirect: Ram said to his mother that he would be late that night. • Direct: Ram said to his mother, “I will be late today night Follow all the rules which we learned for changing the Direct to Indirect Speech in reverse for changing Indirect to Direct Speech. Advanced (6)(University)

Sentence combination, combining sentences, combining sentences for better writing Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Combining / Joining Sentences Exercise-5.1

IELTS Speaking Part-1 Most Important Topics with Answers -5 IELTS Speaking Test - Part 1 Overview: The IELTS Speaking Test unfolds in three segments: Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3. Part 1 Description: In Part 1, the examiner initiates the conversation with 4-6 general questions revolving around familiar topics. The customary protocol involves the examiner introducing themselves, inquiring about your name, and subsequently confirming your identity. The duration of Part 1 is set at 4 to 5 minutes. The examiner typically commences by asking your name, followed by a request to display your identification (such as your passport). They may inquire about your occupation, place of origin, and delve into some basic conversation-starter question IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers -1 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers -1 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers -1 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers -1 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Model Answers -5 IELTS Speaking Part 1: Accommodation & Hometown 1. Let’s talk about your hometown. Where is your hometown? My hometown is Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is a big and busy city with many people, markets, and businesses. Dhaka is the center of the country’s economy, education, and culture. Many historical places, like Lalbagh Fort and Ahsan Manzil, are located here. The city is always full of energy, and people from all over Bangladesh come here to work and study. 2. What do you like about it? I like Dhaka because it has many opportunities. There are good schools, colleges, and universities where students can get a good education. The city also has many shopping malls, parks, and restaurants where people can enjoy their free time. I also love the delicious street food in Dhaka, like fuchka, chotpoti, and biryani. The busy streets and colorful markets make the city exciting and lively. 3. What do you not like about it? One thing I do not like about Dhaka is the traffic. The roads are always crowded, and it takes a long time to travel from one place to another. The city also has pollution because of too many vehicles and factories. Sometimes, the air quality is not good, which makes it hard to breathe. Also, there are not enough open spaces or parks for people to relax. 4. How important is your hometown to you? Dhaka is very important to me because I was born and raised here. My family and friends live here, and I have many memories of my childhood in this city. Dhaka has given me education, opportunities, and experiences that have shaped my life. Even though there are some problems, I still love my hometown because it is a big part of who I am. 5. Do you think you will continue to live in your hometown? I think I will continue to live in Dhaka because it has everything I need, like good education, healthcare, and job opportunities. However, if the traffic and pollution become worse, I might consider moving to a quieter place in the future. But for now, I enjoy living in my hometown because it is familiar and comfortable for me. 6. Let’s move on to talk about accommodation. Tell me about the kind of accommodation you live in. I live in an apartment with my family in Dhaka. It is a medium-sized apartment with three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and two bathrooms. We also have a small balcony where we can sit and enjoy the fresh air. The building has many other families living in it, and we all share common spaces like the rooftop and parking area. 7. Does the place you live in have many amenities? Yes, my apartment has many amenities. We have electricity and water all the time, and there is a lift in the building. There is also security at the entrance to keep the residents safe. Near my home, there are grocery stores, schools, and hospitals, which makes life easier. We also have a small park nearby where children can play. 8. Is there anything you would like to change about the place you live in? Yes, I would like to have a bigger balcony with more space to sit and relax. Sometimes, the area around our apartment gets noisy because of traffic and construction work, so I wish it were a little quieter. Also, having more green spaces nearby would make the environment better. 9. Do you plan to live there for a long time? For now, I plan to live here because it is comfortable and close to everything I need. But in the future, I would like to live in a bigger house with more space and a garden. If I get a good opportunity, I might move to a quieter area in Dhaka or even outside the city. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Country & Weather 1. What is your country famous for? Bangladesh is famous for its natural beauty, rich culture, and history. The country has the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, which is home to the Royal Bengal Tiger. It is also known for its delicious food like biryani, hilsa fish, and pitha. Bangladesh is famous for its garment industry, which exports clothes to many countries. The people here are known for their hospitality and warm nature. 2. Where do you live in your country? I live in Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is a big and busy city where people from different parts of the country come for work, education, and business. Dhaka has many shopping malls, restaurants, and historical sites like Lalbagh Fort and Ahsan Manzil. 3. Is it an interesting place to live? Yes, Dhaka is an interesting place to live because it has a mix of modern and traditional culture. There are many places to visit, like museums, parks, and shopping malls. The street food is amazing, and the city is always full of life. However, the traffic and pollution can sometimes be frustrating. 4. Are you planning to live there in the future? For now, I plan to live in Dhaka because of my education and family. However, in the future, I might consider moving to a quieter place with less traffic and more greenery. 5. How is the weather today? Today, the weather is warm and sunny. There are a few clouds in the sky, but it is mostly clear. It is a bit humid, which is common in Dhaka. 6. What’s your favourite kind of weather? I like cool and breezy weather. Winter in Bangladesh is my favorite season because it is neither too hot nor too cold. The air feels fresh, and the weather is perfect for going outside. 7. Is there any type of weather you really don’t like? Yes, I don’t like very hot and humid weather. During summer, it gets extremely hot, and sweating makes me feel uncomfortable. The heat also makes it difficult to go outside during the day. 8. What is the climate like in your country? Bangladesh has a tropical climate with hot summers, a rainy monsoon season, and mild winters. The summer months are very warm, while the monsoon season brings heavy rains and floods in some areas. Winter is cooler and more comfortable. 9. Does the weather affect people’s lives in your country? Yes, the weather affects people’s lives in many ways. During the monsoon season, heavy rains can cause floods, making it difficult for people to travel. In the summer, extreme heat makes daily activities harder. But in winter, people enjoy outdoor events and festivals. 10. Do people change in the summer? Yes, people’s habits change in summer. They prefer to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day. People drink more cold drinks and wear light clothes to stay comfortable. Many also travel to cooler places if they can. 11. Does bad weather ever affect transport in your country? Yes, bad weather often affects transport in Bangladesh. Heavy rain can cause waterlogging, making roads difficult to use. Floods and cyclones sometimes damage roads and bridges, stopping buses and trains. During foggy winter mornings, flights and ferries also get delayed. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Work & Future Job 1. Do you have a job right now? No, I am a student right now, so I do not have a full-time job. However, I sometimes help with small tasks at home or assist my friends with their studies. In the future, I hope to get a good job that matches my interests and skills. 2. Do you enjoy your job? Since I am a student, my main job is studying. I enjoy learning new things, but sometimes it can be stressful, especially during exams. However, I know that education is important for my future, so I try to stay motivated. 3. What responsibilities do you have at work? As a student, my responsibilities include attending classes, completing assignments, and preparing for exams. I also take part in group projects and sometimes help my classmates if they need support. 4. What is your typical day like at work? A typical day for me starts with going to school. I attend different classes, listen to lectures, and take notes. During breaks, I talk with my friends or eat snacks. After school, I do my homework and study for upcoming tests. In the evening, I sometimes watch TV or spend time with my family. 5. What would you change about your job? Since I am a student, I sometimes feel that the study pressure is too much. If I could change something, I would like more practical learning and less memorization. I also think having more creative activities in school would make learning more interesting. 6. What job do you think you will be doing in five years? In five years, I hope to have completed my studies and started a good job. I am interested in [mention your preferred career, e.g., engineering, medicine, business], so I hope to work in that field. I want to do something that helps people and makes a positive impact. 7. What skills and qualifications are required for this job? To get a good job, I will need both academic qualifications and practical skills. Good communication, problem-solving abilities, and teamwork are important. If I choose a career like engineering or medicine, I will also need a university degree and hands-on training. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Work & Future Job 1. Do you have a job right now? No, I don’t have a job at the moment because I am still a student. My main focus is on studying and completing my education. However, sometimes I help my family with household tasks, and I also assist my classmates with their studies when they need help. In the future, I would like to have a job that matches my skills and interests, so I am working hard to prepare for that. 2. Do you enjoy your job? Since I am a student, my job is to study, and I have mixed feelings about it. I enjoy learning new things, especially subjects that interest me. It is exciting to gain knowledge and improve my skills. However, sometimes studying can be stressful, especially when I have a lot of exams or assignments to complete in a short time. But overall, I know that education is important for my future, so I try to stay motivated. 3. What responsibilities do you have at work? As a student, my main responsibilities are attending classes, completing homework, and preparing for exams. I also take part in group projects where I have to work with my classmates and share ideas. In addition, I need to manage my time well so that I can study properly and also have some free time for relaxation. Apart from schoolwork, I sometimes help my parents at home by doing small tasks like organizing my room or running errands. 4. What is your typical day like at work? My daily routine as a student is quite structured. I wake up early in the morning, get ready, and go to school. I attend different classes, take notes, and listen to lectures. During breaks, I chat with my friends or have some snacks. After school, I return home and take some rest before starting my homework. In the evening, I study for upcoming tests and revise my lessons. After finishing my studies, I sometimes watch TV, read a book, or spend time with my family before going to bed. 5. What would you change about your job? If I could change something about my life as a student, I would like to have a little less study pressure. Sometimes, there are too many exams and assignments at the same time, which can be stressful. I also think that schools should focus more on practical learning rather than just memorization. It would be great if we had more interactive activities, workshops, and field trips to make learning more fun and engaging. 6. What job do you think you will be doing in five years? In five years, I hope to have completed my studies and started a good job. I am interested in [mention your career interest, e.g., engineering, medicine, business], so I would like to work in that field. I want to do something that allows me to use my skills while also making a positive impact on society. If possible, I would also like to work in a job that gives me opportunities to grow and learn new things. 7. What skills and qualifications are required for this job? For any job, having the right skills and qualifications is important. If I want to become [mention your preferred career], I will need a university degree and some hands-on training. Apart from academic qualifications, soft skills like communication, teamwork, and problem-solving are also very important. Employers also look for people who are hardworking, responsible, and willing to learn new things. So, I will continue improving myself to be ready for my future job. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Work & Volunteering 1. Have you ever worked before? No, I have never had a formal job because I am still a student. However, I have helped my family with small tasks, such as managing household chores or assisting younger siblings with their studies. Sometimes, I also help my friends with school projects or group activities. In the future, I hope to gain work experience through internships or part-time jobs. 2. What was your first day at work like? Since I haven’t had a job yet, I can only imagine what my first day at work would be like. I think it would be a mix of excitement and nervousness. I would have to meet new people, understand my tasks, and adjust to a new environment. It might take some time to feel comfortable, but I would try my best to learn quickly and do a good job. 3. What responsibilities did you have at work? As I haven’t worked yet, I don’t have any official job responsibilities. But at home, I take care of small tasks like organizing my room, helping my parents with household work, and assisting my siblings with their homework. In school, I sometimes take part in group projects where I have to contribute ideas and complete my assigned work on time. 4. What was your typical day like at work? Since I haven’t had a job, I don’t have a work routine. But if I had one, I think it would start with arriving on time, checking my tasks for the day, and completing my work step by step. I would also communicate with my colleagues or supervisors if I needed help. After finishing my work, I would review everything to make sure there were no mistakes before leaving for the day. 5. Have you taken any volunteer work? Yes, I have done some volunteer work in the past. I once participated in a school event where we collected donations for people in need. I have also helped clean my neighborhood and assisted in organizing cultural programs at school. Though these were small activities, I felt happy knowing that I could contribute in some way. 6. Why did you do the volunteer work? I did volunteer work because I wanted to help others and make a difference in my community. It also felt good to do something meaningful and productive in my free time. Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills, meet different people, and develop a sense of responsibility. 7. Do you know any volunteers? Yes, I know a few people who do volunteer work. Some of my teachers and classmates are involved in charity events, environmental campaigns, and social awareness programs. I also know people who work with NGOs to support underprivileged children and provide relief during natural disasters. Their dedication is inspiring, and I admire their efforts to help others. 8. How do you define volunteer work? Volunteer work is any activity done to help others without expecting payment. It can include teaching underprivileged children, cleaning public spaces, helping in disaster relief, or working with social organizations. The main purpose of volunteering is to give back to society and make a positive impact. Even small acts of kindness can bring a big change. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Hometown & Friends 1. Can you tell me about your hometown? I come from Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is a large and busy city, full of life and energy. The city has many landmarks, such as the National Museum, Liberation War Museum, and several beautiful parks. Dhaka is also known for its vibrant street life, where you can find busy markets, restaurants, and shops. The city is home to millions of people, and it is an important cultural and economic center of the country. 2. How has your hometown changed over the years? Dhaka has changed a lot in recent years. There are now more modern buildings, shopping malls, and improved infrastructure. The transportation system has also seen some improvements, like the introduction of the metro rail. However, the city still faces challenges like traffic congestion, pollution, and overcrowding. Despite these issues, Dhaka continues to grow and develop at a fast pace. 3. Is there any way your hometown could be made better? Yes, I think Dhaka could be made better by improving its public transportation system to reduce traffic congestion. There should be more green spaces and parks for people to relax and enjoy nature. Additionally, the city could benefit from better waste management and pollution control measures. If the government and people work together, Dhaka could become a more comfortable and sustainable place to live. 4. Are there good transportation links to your hometown? Yes, Dhaka has good transportation links, including an international airport, which connects the city to other countries. The bus, rickshaw, and taxi services are widely available for local travel. In recent years, a metro rail system has been introduced to make commuting easier and faster. However, traffic jams are still a major problem, especially during rush hours, which makes traveling time-consuming. 5. What kind of jobs do the people in your hometown do? In Dhaka, people work in a variety of fields. Many people work in government offices, businesses, and multinational companies. The city also has a strong presence in the textile and garment industry, which provides jobs for thousands of workers. There are also people working in education, healthcare, hospitality, and transportation sectors. Many small business owners and entrepreneurs also contribute to the city's economy. 6. Do you have a lot of friends? I have a good number of friends, both from school and the local community. I enjoy spending time with them, whether it's studying together, going out to eat, or simply chatting. I think having a close circle of friends is important, as they provide support and make life more enjoyable. 7. Who is your best friend and why? My best friend is someone I have known since childhood. We share similar interests and hobbies, like reading books and playing sports. What makes her special is that she understands me well, and we can talk about anything without feeling judged. She is always there for me, whether I need help with something or just want to relax and have fun. 8. Who would you most like to be friends with and why? I would love to be friends with people who have a positive attitude and are open-minded. I admire people who are passionate about learning new things and trying different experiences. Having friends who are optimistic and supportive helps me stay motivated and grow as a person. I also enjoy making friends with those who share similar interests and values. 9. What kind of person can you make friends with easily? I can easily make friends with people who are friendly, approachable, and respectful. I appreciate people who are kind-hearted and willing to help others. Being a good listener and having a sense of humor also makes it easier to connect with others. I think it's important to be open to different personalities and backgrounds when making friends. 10. Which is more important to you, friends or family? For me, family is more important than friends. Family provides the foundation of love, support, and guidance, and they are always there for you, no matter what. However, friends also play an important role in life. They provide companionship and share experiences. So, both family and friends are important, but family holds a special place in my heart. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Hometown & High School 1. Where is your hometown? My hometown is Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is located in the central part of the country, along the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka is a bustling metropolis known for its rich culture, historical landmarks, and vibrant street life. 2. How often do you visit your hometown? I live in Dhaka, so I visit my hometown every day! Since it is my place of residence, I don't need to travel to it. However, when I travel outside the city, I always look forward to returning to Dhaka, as it's where my family and friends are. 3. How many people live in your hometown? Dhaka is one of the most populous cities in the world, with an estimated population of over 20 million people. The population continues to grow rapidly due to migration from other parts of the country, making the city very crowded and busy. 4. What is your hometown famous for? Dhaka is famous for its historical landmarks, vibrant culture, and delicious food. Some of the well-known attractions include the Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil, and the National Museum. The city is also famous for its bustling markets, like New Market and Baitul Mukarram, and for its mouth-watering local dishes, such as biryani and panta bhat. 5. What’s the oldest part of your hometown? The oldest part of Dhaka is probably the area around Lalbagh Fort. The fort was built in the 17th century and has become a symbol of the city’s rich Mughal heritage. The surrounding area is full of old buildings, narrow streets, and historical landmarks that date back centuries. 6. Who was your favorite teacher in high school? My favorite teacher in high school was my English teacher. She was very kind and patient with everyone, and she made learning English fun. She always encouraged us to read more books and helped us improve our writing and speaking skills. Her lessons were always engaging, and I learned a lot from her. 7. What’s your favorite subject in high school? My favorite subject in high school was English. I have always enjoyed reading and writing, and I found English literature to be fascinating. I loved learning new vocabulary, studying grammar, and reading novels. English was not just a subject for me, but a way to explore different cultures and ideas. 8. Do you still remember what happened on your first day of high school? Yes, I still remember my first day of high school. I was a bit nervous because everything was new – the school building, the teachers, and my classmates. I remember meeting new friends and getting to know my way around the campus. The first day was exciting but also a little overwhelming because it was such a big step in my education. 9. Do you still keep in touch with your friends from high school? Yes, I still keep in touch with some of my friends from high school. We stay connected through social media, and we meet up occasionally. Even though we all have busy lives now, we try to maintain our friendships because we share a lot of memories from high school. 10. Do you miss your life in high school? Yes, I do miss my life in high school. It was a simpler time, and I had fewer responsibilities compared to now. I miss the fun times with friends, the school events, and the feeling of being part of a close-knit community. However, I also enjoy the new experiences and challenges that come with growing up. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Hometown & High School 1. Where is your hometown? My hometown is Dhaka, which is the capital city of Bangladesh. It is located in the central part of the country. Dhaka is a big, busy city with lots of people, shops, and buildings. It is known for its history, culture, and busy streets. 2. How often do you visit your hometown? I live in Dhaka, so I am always here. I do not need to visit because it is my home. But when I travel to other places in Bangladesh, I always look forward to coming back to Dhaka. It is where my family and friends are. 3. How many people live in your hometown? Dhaka is one of the largest cities in the world. It has more than 20 million people living here. The population keeps growing because many people move to Dhaka from other parts of the country to find work or better opportunities. This makes the city crowded and very busy. 4. What is your hometown famous for? Dhaka is famous for many things. It has a rich history with places like Lalbagh Fort, Ahsan Manzil, and the National Museum. The city is also famous for its delicious food, like biryani, panta bhat, and sweets. People also come to Dhaka to shop in markets like New Market and Baitul Mukarram. 5. What’s the oldest part of your hometown? The oldest part of Dhaka is around Lalbagh Fort. This fort was built many years ago in the 1600s. The area around it has many old buildings and narrow streets. It is a place where you can see the history of Dhaka and its culture from the past. 6. Who was your favorite teacher in high school? My favorite teacher in high school was my English teacher. She was very kind and always helped us when we had problems. She made learning English fun and interesting. She encouraged us to read more books and practice speaking in English. I remember enjoying her classes a lot. 7. What’s your favorite subject in high school? My favorite subject in high school was English. I loved reading stories, learning new words, and writing essays. English was always interesting for me because it allowed me to explore new ideas and understand different cultures. I also enjoyed the way we studied grammar and vocabulary. 8. Do you still remember what happened on your first day of high school? Yes, I remember my first day of high school very well. I felt a little nervous because everything was new. The school was bigger, and there were many new students and teachers. I remember meeting some new friends and trying to learn where everything was. It was a mix of excitement and nervousness, but I felt happy to start this new chapter. 9. Do you still keep in touch with your friends from high school? Yes, I still keep in touch with a few of my friends from high school. We talk on social media and sometimes meet when we have free time. Although everyone is busy now, we try to stay in contact because we have shared many good memories from school. 10. Do you miss your life in high school? Yes, I do miss my high school life. It was a simpler time. We did not have many responsibilities, and life was more relaxed. I miss spending time with friends and participating in school activities like sports and events. However, I also enjoy the new experiences and challenges that come with growing up. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Free Time & Work 1. What do you do in your free time? In my free time, I enjoy reading books, especially novels and articles about different cultures and places. I also like watching movies and spending time with my family and friends. Sometimes, I go for walks or listen to music to relax. I also enjoy learning new things on the internet. 2. Do you have a busy social life? Not really. I prefer a quieter life and spend most of my time with close friends and family. I like meeting people, but I do not go out to social events very often. I focus more on quality time with my loved ones rather than attending large social gatherings. 3. Do you lead an active life? I try to lead an active life by exercising regularly, like going for walks and doing light workouts at home. Although I am not very into intense sports or activities, I believe staying active helps me stay healthy and feel good. I also make sure to stay busy with my studies and other important tasks. 4. Has your life changed much in the last year? Yes, my life has changed a bit in the last year. I have taken on more responsibilities, especially with my studies. I have also become more focused on personal development, learning new skills, and improving my time management. Things have been busier, but I have learned how to manage my time better. 5. What would you like to change about your lifestyle? I would like to be more organized with my daily routine. Sometimes, I get caught up in activities and forget to take enough breaks or rest. I also want to make more time for outdoor activities and perhaps start practicing a sport to stay more active. Overall, I hope to live a more balanced life. 6. Do you work right now? No, I do not work at the moment. I am focusing on my studies and preparing for the future. However, I do some small projects and activities on the side to gain experience and learn new skills. I plan to work once I finish my studies. 7. Do you get on well with your co-workers? Since I am not working yet, I do not have co-workers. But, I have worked with classmates and people in group projects, and I always try to get along well with them. I believe good communication and teamwork are key to working with others. 8. What responsibilities do you have at your work? As I am still a student, I do not have a job at the moment. However, I do have responsibilities in school, like completing assignments, participating in class discussions, and managing my time effectively. These responsibilities help me prepare for future work life. 9. Are there good work opportunities in your home country? Yes, there are many job opportunities in my country, especially in fields like technology, education, healthcare, and business. However, there is also competition, and finding a good job can sometimes be challenging. But with the right skills and education, people can find rewarding work in Bangladesh. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Family & Housework 1. How many people are there in your immediate family? In my immediate family, there are five people. I have my father, mother, and two younger siblings. We all live together in the same house, and we share a lot of time together, especially during family meals and holidays. 2. Who do you get on best with in your family? I get along best with my mother. She is very understanding and always there to listen to me. We share a lot of interests, like cooking and watching movies. I feel comfortable talking to her about anything, and she gives great advice. 3. Do you have a large extended family? Yes, I have a large extended family. My father's side of the family is pretty big, and we have many cousins, uncles, and aunts. We try to meet during festivals or family gatherings. It’s always nice to see everyone and catch up on life. 4. What do you do together with your family? We like to do many things together as a family. On weekends, we often go out to eat at restaurants or take short trips around the city. We also enjoy playing board games at home or watching movies together. It’s our way of spending quality time with each other. 5. Why is family important to you? Family is very important to me because they provide love, support, and care. They are always there for me in both good times and bad. My family helps me stay grounded and encourages me to do my best in everything I do. I feel safe and loved when I’m with them. 6. Do you do housework at home? Yes, I do housework at home. I help with various tasks like cleaning, cooking, and organizing. My family shares the housework, and we try to help each other out. It’s important to contribute to keeping the house clean and comfortable for everyone. 7. What kind of housework do you often do? I often help with sweeping and mopping the floor. I also wash the dishes after meals and help with cooking, especially when my mother is busy. Sometimes, I organize the living room or arrange things in the kitchen to make sure everything is in place. 8. Did you do housework when you were a child? Yes, when I was a child, I did simple housework tasks like cleaning my room, setting the table for meals, and putting away my clothes. My parents taught me the importance of helping out at home, and I learned these tasks from a young age. 9. Do you think that children should do housework? Yes, I believe children should do housework. It teaches them responsibility and the importance of contributing to the family. It also helps them develop life skills like time management and cleaning. Doing housework also gives children a sense of accomplishment and helps them understand the value of teamwork in a family. IELTS Speaking Part 1: TV & Reading 1. Do you like watching TV? Yes, I enjoy watching TV. It’s a great way to relax after a busy day. I like to watch a variety of shows, from news and documentaries to dramas and movies. It helps me stay updated and also entertains me. 2. How often do you watch TV? I watch TV quite often, usually in the evenings after finishing my work or studies. On average, I watch TV about 4 to 5 times a week, but sometimes I might watch more if there is an interesting program or a movie I want to see. 3. What kind of TV programmes do you like to watch? I enjoy watching a wide range of TV programs. I love watching dramas and reality shows, but I also enjoy educational programs and news. Sometimes, I watch cooking shows or travel documentaries because they are interesting and informative. 4. What are the most popular TV shows in your country? In my country, some of the most popular TV shows are dramas, reality shows, and talent competitions. Shows like “The Voice Bangladesh” and dramas like “Kothao Keu Nei” are very popular. People also enjoy watching news programs, especially during the evening. 5. Has the internet affected your viewing habits? Yes, the internet has greatly affected my viewing habits. With the rise of streaming platforms like YouTube, Netflix, and others, I can now watch shows and movies at my own convenience, anytime and anywhere. I don’t have to rely on traditional TV schedules anymore, which gives me more flexibility. 6. How often do you read? I read almost every day. It’s something I try to make time for, especially in the evening before bed. I usually read articles, books, or sometimes short stories. Reading helps me relax and also improves my knowledge. 7. Do you like reading books? Why? Yes, I love reading books. Books provide an escape to different worlds, and they help me improve my vocabulary and understanding of various topics. I enjoy reading novels, self-help books, and sometimes educational materials. Reading is a great way to keep my mind active. 8. Do you have many books at home? Yes, I have quite a few books at home. My family has a collection of novels, educational books, and other reading materials. I like to keep books that I’ve enjoyed reading and occasionally go back to them. It also makes my home feel more welcoming and intellectual. 9. Do you prefer to buy books or borrow them? I prefer to buy books, especially if it’s a book that I really want to read and keep. However, if I’m not sure about the book or if it’s too expensive, I like to borrow it from the library or from friends. Buying books feels like an investment in my learning. 10. What are the benefits of reading? Reading has many benefits. It improves vocabulary and language skills, increases knowledge on various topics, and enhances focus and concentration. It also allows people to think critically and broaden their perspectives. Plus, reading can be a great way to relax and reduce stress. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Home & TV 1. Who do you live with? I live with my family. We are a small family, consisting of my parents and my siblings. We all live together in a house in Dhaka. I enjoy spending time with my family because we have a close bond. 2. What is your favourite room in your home? My favourite room in our house is the living room. It’s a comfortable and cozy space where we all gather to relax, watch TV, or chat. It has a nice view of the outside, and it’s a great place to spend time with family. 3. How is your home decorated? Our home is decorated in a simple and modern style. The walls are painted in soft, neutral colors, and we have some beautiful artwork on display. There are comfortable sofas in the living room, and the bedrooms are cozy with minimal furniture. We also have some plants around the house that add a nice touch to the décor. 4. Do you like visitors coming to your home? Yes, I enjoy having visitors at our home. It’s nice to welcome friends and family, and I think it creates a warm and friendly atmosphere. We usually serve snacks or tea when we have visitors. It’s always fun to catch up with people. 5. Do you like watching TV? Yes, I enjoy watching TV. It’s one of my favourite ways to unwind after a long day. I like to watch a mix of shows, including dramas, reality shows, and sometimes documentaries. It helps me relax and keep up with what’s happening in the world. 6. What is your favourite TV show now? Right now, my favourite TV show is a drama series called The Last Dance. It’s about basketball, and I enjoy watching sports-related shows. The storyline and the way the show highlights different players' lives are really interesting to me. 7. What was your favourite show when you were a child? When I was a child, my favourite TV show was Tom and Jerry. I loved watching the funny chase scenes between Tom the cat and Jerry the mouse. It was a cartoon that always made me laugh, and I enjoyed it a lot. 8. Do you like watching TV shows from other countries? Yes, I enjoy watching TV shows from other countries, especially from places like the United States and South Korea. I find it interesting to watch different cultures and lifestyles, and sometimes the shows have very unique storylines that you can’t find in local TV programs. It broadens my view of the world. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Home & Weather 1. Do you live in a house or a flat? I live in a house with my family. It's located in a residential area in Dhaka. Our house is comfortable and provides enough space for everyone. I like living in a house because it offers more privacy compared to a flat. 2. Is it a big place? The house is medium-sized. It's not too big, but it has enough space for all of us. There are three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, and a small garden in the front. It’s a cozy place where we all feel comfortable and at ease. 3. How long have you lived there? I have lived in this house for about 10 years. My family moved here when I was younger, and we've been here ever since. It feels like home, and I’ve grown attached to the place over the years. 4. What do you like about living there? What I like most about living here is the peaceful environment. It’s away from the busy streets, so it’s quiet and relaxing. The neighborhood is friendly, and there are parks nearby where I can take walks. It’s a great place to spend time with my family. 5. Is there a garden in the place you live in? Yes, there is a small garden in front of our house. We have a few plants and flowers, and sometimes my family likes to spend time there. It's a nice spot to enjoy the fresh air, especially in the morning. 6. Do you prefer hot weather or cold? I prefer cold weather. I find it more comfortable than hot weather, especially during the summer in Dhaka, which can get very hot and humid. Cold weather allows me to wear cozy clothes and enjoy outdoor activities more. 7. Tell me about the weather in your country in different times of the year? In Bangladesh, the weather changes throughout the year. We have three main seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter. In summer, it gets very hot and humid. The monsoon season brings a lot of rain, and the weather is warm but rainy. Winter is the most pleasant season, with cooler temperatures and less humidity, which is ideal for outdoor activities. 8. Which time of the year did you enjoy the most when you were a child? When I was a child, I enjoyed the winter the most. During winter, the weather was cooler, and I could play outside with my friends without feeling too hot. We also had holidays during this time, which made it even more enjoyable. 9. Do you (usually) pay attention to the weather forecasts? Yes, I usually pay attention to the weather forecasts, especially during the monsoon season or when there is a chance of heavy rain. It helps me plan my day and decide if I need to carry an umbrella or make any changes to my schedule. 10. Has the weather changed much in your country in recent years? Yes, the weather has changed a bit in recent years. Summers are getting hotter, and there are more unpredictable rainstorms. The rainy season seems to last longer, and winters are not as cold as they used to be. These changes could be linked to global climate change. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Reading & Advertisements 1. Do you like reading books? Why? Yes, I really enjoy reading books. I find it relaxing and it helps me learn new things. Reading allows me to escape into different worlds, and I can get lost in the stories or gain knowledge on various subjects. It's a peaceful activity that I can do in my free time. 2. What book would you take on a long journey? If I were going on a long journey, I would take a novel or a collection of short stories. I like books that are interesting and easy to read, something that can keep me entertained for hours. A light fiction book or a travel guide would be ideal for the journey. 3. How easy is it for you to read books in English? Reading books in English is not too difficult for me. I can understand most of the content, especially if it's written in simple language. However, if the book has complex vocabulary or is very academic, I might need to look up some words to fully understand it. 4. Have you given up reading a book recently? Yes, I have given up reading a book recently. It was a non-fiction book that I found a bit too dry and hard to follow. Sometimes, I stop reading books if they don't keep me interested or if they are too difficult to read. 5. What kind of people like reading and what kind of people don’t like reading very much? People who are curious and enjoy learning new things tend to like reading. These people often prefer to explore different topics and genres. On the other hand, people who are more interested in activities that involve movement or entertainment, like watching movies or playing sports, might not enjoy reading as much. 6. Do you like watching advertisements? I don't mind watching advertisements, but I don’t usually enjoy them unless they are creative or interesting. Some ads are fun to watch, especially when they are funny or have a clever message. However, most of the time, I find them a bit annoying, especially when they interrupt something I’m watching. 7. Will you buy something because of an advertisement? I might buy something if the advertisement is convincing and the product seems useful. However, I don’t usually make buying decisions just based on an ad. I prefer to research and read reviews before purchasing something. 8. How do you feel when you see pop-up ads on the internet? Pop-up ads can be very annoying. They usually interrupt what I’m doing, and sometimes they are hard to close. It’s frustrating when they appear while I’m trying to read or watch something online. 9. Do you like funny or serious advertisements? I prefer funny advertisements. They catch my attention and make me smile. When ads are funny, they are more memorable and enjoyable. However, I also appreciate serious ads if they have a strong and meaningful message. 10. What makes a good advertisement? A good advertisement is one that is creative, clear, and engaging. It should grab your attention quickly and leave a lasting impression. The message should be easy to understand, and the product should be shown in a way that makes people want to learn more or buy it. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Computers & Celebrities 1. Do you use computers? Yes, I use computers regularly. They are an important part of my daily life. I use them for many things, such as studying, browsing the internet, and staying in touch with my friends and family. 2. What do you use a computer to do? I use my computer mainly for studying and research. I also use it to write essays, watch educational videos, and do some entertainment activities like watching movies or playing games. It’s also useful for communicating with others via email and social media. 3. Did you use computers when you were little? When I was little, I didn’t use computers as much. I mainly played games on a family computer, but I didn’t really use it for schoolwork or learning. The use of computers wasn’t as common back then, and I used to spend more time outside. 4. Do people often use computers these days? Yes, people use computers a lot these days. Almost everyone has a computer at home or uses a smartphone, and they use them for many different reasons, including work, school, shopping, and socializing. Computers have become essential in today’s world. 5. Will people continue to use computers in the future? Yes, I think people will continue to use computers in the future. As technology advances, computers will likely become even more powerful and helpful. They will be used for many tasks, including work, education, and entertainment. 6. Who is your favorite celebrity? My favorite celebrity is a local actor who is known for his talent and hard work. He is very humble and has a strong connection with his fans. I admire his dedication to acting and his ability to inspire others. 7. Do you like any foreign celebrities? Yes, I do like some foreign celebrities. I enjoy watching movies from Hollywood, and some of the actors and actresses are really talented. One of my favorite foreign celebrities is a popular actor from the US who has starred in many action movies. 8. Would you want to be a celebrity in the future? I don’t think I would want to be a celebrity. While being famous might seem exciting, I believe it comes with a lot of pressure and lack of privacy. I’d rather focus on achieving my personal goals without the public attention that comes with celebrity life. 9. Do you think we should protect famous people’s privacy? Yes, I believe we should respect celebrities’ privacy. Just because someone is famous doesn’t mean they should lose their personal space and freedom. Everyone deserves privacy, and celebrities are no different. It’s important to strike a balance between admiration and respect for their personal lives. 10. How do celebrities influence their fans in your country? In my country, celebrities influence their fans in many ways. They can inspire people through their work and personal achievements. Some fans look up to them as role models, while others might follow their style or opinions. Celebrities often use their influence to promote social causes, which can have a positive impact on society. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Cinema & Music 1. How often do you go to the cinema? I don’t go to the cinema very often, maybe once every few months. I prefer to watch movies at home because it’s more convenient, but I do enjoy going to the cinema for big movie releases, especially for action films or films with great special effects. 2. Are cinema tickets expensive in your country? Yes, cinema tickets can be quite expensive in my country, especially for new releases. The price depends on the time of day and the movie, but it’s usually higher on weekends or during holidays. However, there are discounts on weekdays and for students. 3. What are the advantages of seeing a film at the cinema? Watching a film at the cinema has many advantages. The big screen and sound system make the experience much more exciting. It’s also a great way to enjoy a film with friends or family. Plus, cinemas often show new releases on opening day, so you can watch films before they’re available elsewhere. 4. Do you usually watch films alone or with others? I usually watch films with others, like with friends or family. It’s more fun to watch movies together, as we can talk about the film afterward. Sometimes, I watch films alone if I need some quiet time or if it's a film I really want to focus on. 5. Which actor would you like to play you in a film? If I had to choose an actor to play me in a film, I would pick someone who is not only talented but also has a similar personality. Maybe a young actor known for playing characters with a calm and thoughtful nature, as I think I am like that in real life. 6. How do you listen to music? I listen to music mostly on my phone, using music streaming apps. I can easily create playlists of my favorite songs and listen to them whenever I want. Sometimes, I also listen to music on the radio or through YouTube. 7. When do you listen to music? I listen to music whenever I need to relax or focus. I enjoy listening to music while studying, working, or even when I’m traveling. Sometimes, I also listen to music during my free time to help me unwind. 8. What’s your favorite kind of music? My favorite kind of music is pop. I love the catchy tunes and upbeat rhythms, and it’s easy to listen to during different activities. Sometimes, I also enjoy listening to a bit of classical music or jazz when I’m looking for something more relaxing. 9. Is music an important subject at school in your country? In my country, music is not usually a major subject in most schools, but it is offered as an extracurricular activity. Some schools have music classes where students can learn to play instruments or sing. However, music is not as emphasized as subjects like math, science, or language. 10. What kinds of music are (most) popular in your country? In my country, pop music is the most popular, followed by traditional music like folk and classical music. Recently, many young people have also become interested in international music genres like K-pop. Bollywood music is also widely loved, especially in urban areas. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Music & Newspapers 1. What’s your favorite kind of music? My favorite kind of music is pop. I really enjoy how lively and upbeat it is. The songs are often catchy, and they can easily lift my mood. I also listen to other genres like ballads and acoustic music when I want something more relaxing. Pop music is just fun and makes me feel good. 2. Do you like to listen to live music? Yes, I really enjoy listening to live music. There’s something special about seeing a performance in person. The energy from the crowd and the excitement of hearing your favorite songs live make it a memorable experience. It’s different from just listening to music on your phone or at home, and it creates a great atmosphere. 3. Is live music popular in your country? Yes, live music is very popular in my country. Many people enjoy attending concerts and music festivals. In big cities like Dhaka, there are often events where both local and international artists perform. Live music brings people together, and it’s a great way for fans to experience their favorite bands and singers. 4. Have you ever been to a concert before? Or Have you ever been to a musical performance? Yes, I have been to a few concerts, and they were amazing! One of my favorite concerts was when I saw a well-known band perform live. The atmosphere was full of energy, and I loved singing along with the crowd. I’ve also attended some local musical performances, like school events and smaller concerts in my city. 5. Do you often read newspapers? I don’t read newspapers very often, but I do read them from time to time. When there’s something important going on in the world, I like to read about it in the newspaper. I also read newspapers occasionally when I want to get more detailed information on a specific topic. Most of the time, I get my news from the internet. 6. Do you prefer to read local news or international news? I prefer to read both local and international news, but I usually focus on local news first. It’s important to know what’s happening in my city or country. However, I also like to stay informed about what’s going on in other parts of the world. International news helps me understand global issues and events. 7. Which is more popular where you live, newspapers or magazines? In my area, newspapers are more popular than magazines. People tend to read newspapers every day to keep up with the latest news. Magazines are also read, but they are not as common. They focus more on specific topics, like entertainment or lifestyle, so they are not read as frequently. 8. Do many people today read newspapers? Not as many people read newspapers today as they did in the past. With the rise of the internet and social media, people can easily access news online. This has led to a decrease in newspaper readership. However, some people still enjoy reading newspapers, especially older generations who prefer the traditional way of getting news. 9. In the future, do you think more people than today will read magazines, or fewer people? In the future, I think fewer people will read magazines. With more people using the internet, online blogs and articles are replacing magazines. People can get the same information faster and easier online. I believe printed magazines will become less popular, and digital media will take over. 10. Do you think newspapers will be very important to you in the future? I don’t think newspapers will be very important to me in the future. I will probably continue to use the internet to get my news because it’s more convenient. I can read articles quickly on my phone or computer. However, I might still occasionally pick up a newspaper if I want to read a specific article or report. IELTS Speaking Part 1: Travel & Music 1. Where was the last place you visited on holiday? The last place I visited on holiday was Cox's Bazar, a beautiful beach town in Bangladesh. I spent a few days there with my family, enjoying the sea breeze, walking along the beach, and trying local seafood. It was a relaxing trip, and I really enjoyed the peaceful atmosphere. 2. Would you like to go back there again? Yes, I would love to go back to Cox's Bazar. The beach and the overall environment were so peaceful and refreshing. I want to explore more of the area, visit different beaches, and maybe try some water sports. I also want to enjoy the sunsets there, as they were truly stunning. 3. What kind of tourist destinations do you usually prefer? I usually prefer destinations with a mix of nature and culture. I love visiting places that have beautiful landscapes like beaches, mountains, or forests. At the same time, I enjoy exploring historical sites and learning about the local culture. I find it interesting to visit places with rich traditions and a lot of stories behind them. 4. Has a foreign visitor ever stayed at your home? Yes, a foreign visitor has stayed at my home before. A family friend from the UK visited us last year. It was a great experience showing them around our city and sharing our culture with them. We visited local attractions and tried different types of food, which was a lot of fun. 5. What’s the best way to save money while traveling? The best way to save money while traveling is by planning ahead. I make sure to book flights and accommodation in advance to get the best deals. I also look for budget-friendly options for food and transportation. Using public transport instead of taxis and eating at local restaurants can also save a lot of money. 6. How much time do you spend listening to music every day? I spend around 1 to 2 hours listening to music every day. I like to listen to music while I study, relax, or do chores around the house. It helps me focus and makes the day more enjoyable. Sometimes, I also listen to music during my commute. 7. Are your music tastes varied? Yes, my music tastes are quite varied. I enjoy listening to pop, acoustic, and even some classical music. Depending on my mood, I might listen to something upbeat or something more calming. I also like exploring different genres from around the world, especially when I travel or learn about other cultures. 8. What is your favorite song? My favorite song is "Shape of You" by Ed Sheeran. I really like the melody and the rhythm of the song. It's catchy and makes me want to dance every time I hear it. It’s one of those songs that I never get tired of listening to. 9. Do you like to sing along to your favorite songs? Yes, I love singing along to my favorite songs! I find it fun and relaxing. Sometimes, I sing while I'm doing something at home, or I sing along in the car when I'm on a trip. It’s a great way to enjoy music even more. 10. Are you learning to play a musical instrument at the moment? At the moment, I’m not learning to play any musical instrument, but I would love to learn the guitar in the future. I’ve always been interested in playing it, and I think it would be fun to learn and be able to play my favorite songs. IELTS Speaking Part 1: The Internet & My Major 1. How important is the Internet to you? The Internet is very important to me. I use it for almost everything—whether it's for studying, staying in touch with friends, or finding information. It helps me learn, stay updated with the news, and even entertain myself. Without the Internet, it would be really difficult to manage all the things I do in a day. 2. Do you use the Internet more for work or in your free time? I use the Internet more in my free time. I often browse social media, watch videos, and listen to music. However, I also use it for my studies, like researching information or completing assignments. So, I would say I use it for both, but I enjoy it more during my free time. 3. Do you think you use the Internet too much? Sometimes, I feel like I use the Internet too much, especially when I get caught up in social media or watching videos. I try to balance it, but it can be hard to stop once I start using it. However, I also make sure to spend time on other activities like studying or exercising. 4. How will the Internet develop in the future? In the future, I think the Internet will become even more advanced. Maybe we’ll have faster speeds and more interactive platforms, like virtual reality experiences. The way we communicate and work will change too, with even more reliance on online tools. It’s exciting to think about how technology will continue to grow. 5. Are there any negative things about the Internet? Yes, there are some negative things about the Internet. Sometimes, it can be addictive, and people can spend too much time online, neglecting other important activities. There’s also a lot of false information on the Internet, which can be misleading. Privacy is another issue, as personal data can be at risk. 6. What is your major? Or what was your major? I am currently majoring in [Insert Major]. I chose this because I’m really interested in it and believe it will help me achieve my career goals in the future. It’s something I’m passionate about and enjoy learning. 7. Did you or do you like it? Yes, I really like my major. It is something I find interesting and challenging. I enjoy learning new things related to it and feel that I am gaining useful skills that will help me in the future. It’s a subject I can see myself working with in my career. 8. Is it a popular major at your university? Yes, it’s quite a popular major at my university. Many students choose it because it has good career prospects and is relevant to current global trends. There are a lot of students in my department, and we often have group projects and discussions, which makes learning more interactive. 9. If you could change to another major, what would it be? If I could change my major, I think I would choose something related to design or art. I’ve always been interested in creativity, and I believe a career in design would be both exciting and fulfilling. It’s something I would enjoy learning about. 10. Would you change it if you had the chance? Right now, I wouldn’t change my major because I’m really enjoying what I’m studying and feel that it aligns with my career goals. But, if I felt that my current path wasn’t the best fit for me later on, I would consider switching to something more aligned with my passion. For now, I’m happy with my choice.

IELTS-speaking-2-questions-with-model-answers IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part 2 Topic Card: Main Features In IELTS Speaking Part 2, you will receive a “topic card” that contains a detailed, multi-part question. You will have one minute to prepare a short speech in response to the topic card. Then you should speak for 1-2 minutes. Preparing for Part 2 can really pay off. Obviously, it is impossible to predict the exact questions you will receive on exam day. However, the structure of Part 2 questions is very consistent. Each Part 2 card has three basic features that you should know well: Feature 1: Topic Introduction Feature 2: 3 Detailed Points Feature 3: Discussion Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers Part-2 Model Answers

Conditional Sentences Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Conditional Exercise 4.1 Use (first / second / third conditionals) 1. (First conditional) If we (not / work) harder, we (not pass) the exam. 2. (Third conditional) If the students (not be) late for the exam, they (pass). 3. (Third conditional) If the weather (not be) so cold, we (go) to the beach. 4. (Second conditional) If she (have) her laptop with her, she (email) me. 5. (First conditional) If she (not go) to the meeting, I (not go) either. 6. (Third conditional) If the baby (sleep) better last night, I (not be) so tired. 7. (First conditional) If the teacher (give) us lots of homework this weekend, I (not be) happy. 8. (Second conditional) If Lucy _ (have) enough time, she (travel) more. 9. (First conditional) If the children (not eat) soon, they (be) grumpy. 10. (First conditional) If I (not go) to bed soon, I (be) tired in the morning. 11. (Second conditional) If I (want) a new car, I (buy) one. 12. (Second conditional) If José (not speak) good French, he (not move) to Paris. 13. (First conditional) If John (drink) too much coffee, he (get) ill. 14. (Third conditional) If we (tidy) our flat, we (not lose) our keys. 15. (Third conditional) If Luke (not send) flowers to his mother, she (not be) happy. 16. (Second conditional) If the children (be) in bed, I (be able to) have a bath. 17. (Second conditional) If you (not be) so stubborn, we (not have) so many arguments! 18. (Third conditional) If Julie (not go) to Sweden, she (go) to Germany. 19. (First conditional) If she (go) to the library, she (study) more. 20. (Third conditional) If we (not have) an argument, we (not be) late. 21. (Second conditional) If you (arrive) early, it (be) less stressful. 22. (Third conditional) If I _ (not go) to the party, I (not meet) Amanda. 23. (Second conditional) If Julie (like) chocolate, I (give) her some. 24. (Second conditional) If Luke (live) in the UK, I (see) him more often. 25. (Third conditional) If the children (not eat) all that chocolate, they (feel) sick. 26. (First conditional) If they (not / arrive) soon, we (be) late. 27. (Third conditional) If she (study) Mandarin, she (go) to Beijing. 28. (Second conditional) If we _ (not be) so tired, we (go) out. 29. (First conditional) If you (buy) the present, I (wrap) it up. 30. (First conditional) If Lucy (not quit) her job soon, she (go) crazy.

JSC English- First Paper & Second Paper ENGLISH FOR JSC EXAMINATION JSC Model Tests SENTENCE STRUCTURES JSC English 1st Paper Board Questions JSC English 2nd Paper Board Questions JSC English Board Questions Solution Marks Distribution of English for JSC Total marks 100 Section A: Seen part (20) Test items Marks Distribution Source 1. Multiple Choice Question 1×7=7 Seen 2. Gap filling (without clues) 5 Seen 3. Short question 2×4=8 Seen Section B: Unseen part (25) 4. Information Transfer 1×5=5 Unseen 5. True/False 1×5=5 Unseen 6. Fill in the gaps with clues 1×5=5 Unseen 7. Gap filling with clues 0.5×10=5 Unseen 8. Matching sentences 1×5=5 Unseen Section C: Grammar (25) 9. Speech/Narration 5 10. Use of Articles 5 11. Punctuation 5 12. Changing sentences 1×5=5 (Voice, Sentences, Interrogative, Affirmative, Negative, Exclamatory) 13. Prefix and Suffix 5 Section D: Writing (30) 14. Dialogue writing 10 15. Paragraph writing 10 16. Formal/ Informal Email 10 Grammar and composition based paper 2 Grammar items: Degree of comparison, gerund and participle, modals, linking words, summary writing, completing story English Q. No-1A MULTIIPLE CHOICE QUESTION Q. No-2 SHORT ANSWER Q. No-3 WTIHOUT CLUES Q. No-4 INFORMATION TRANSFER Q. No-5 SUMMARY WRITING Q. No-6 TABLE Q. No-7 REARRANGING Q. No-8 PARGRAPH Q. No-9 COMPLEING STORY Q. No-10 GRAPH,CHART Q. No-11 EMAIL Q. No-12 DIALOGUE Q. No-1 WITH CLUES ARTICLE, PREPOSTION & PARTS OF SPEECH Q. No-2 WITHOUT ARTICLE, PREPOSTION & PARTS OF SPEECH Q. No-3 TABLE Q. No-4 RIGHT FORMS OF VERB Q. No-5 NARRATION Q. No-6 TRANSFORMATION Q. No-7 SENTENCE COMPLETION Q. No-8 PREFIX AND SUFFIX Q. No-9 TAG QUESTION Q. No-10 CONNECTOR Q. No-11 PUNCTUATION Q. No-12 CV WITH COVER LETTER Q. No-13 APLLICATION Q. No-14 PARAGRAPH Q. No-15 COMPOSITION JSC EXAMINATION-2023 English Suggestion Part A: Seen Passage (20 Marks) 1. Nakshi Kantha is a kind of embroidered quilt.*** 2. The ethnic people in Bangladesh hold a very important place in the culture of the country.*** 3. Bangladesh cuisine is rich and varied with the use of many spices.*** 4. Shamima's misery started the day she was married.*** 5. At the farthest corner of Bangladesh there is a village called Tarapur.*** 6. Thousands of years ago, the first pearl was probably discovered while human beings were searching for good at the seashore.** 7. River gypsies are an ethnic group of people in Bangladesh.*** 8. River gypsies in Bangladesh are having various problems.*** 9. Once upon a time, a dove and a bat were very good friends.** 10. Zara lives with her parents in London.** 11. Human beings conquered the distance on earth by discovering wheels.** 12. Communication of ideas is at the centre of civilization. 13. There is a small village called Bhabanipur in Jhenaidah.*** 14. Shamima started to tell us her story.** 15. The Tha Kha floating market is more traditional with a few tourist visiting than other floating markets.** 16. Health is the condition of our body and mind.* 17. The word hygiene means the practice of keeping ourselves clean.* 18. Rumi Akter, 13, is in class 8 at Prime School in Chattogram.* 19.The Historic 7th March speech*** 20.Bangabandhu and language movement*** Part B: Unseen Passage (25 Marks) 1. John Keats was not only a deeply thoughtful poet but also the most studious and inspired artist among the romantics of the 19th century. 2. Mother Teresa, the servant of humanity, was born on August 26, 1910, in Macedonia. 3. The greatest dramatist of English literature named Shakespeare was born and died on the same date. 4. Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir was an officer in the Bangladesh Army during the 1971 Liberation War. 5. Ravindranath Tagore was one of the greatest poets of Bangla literature. 6. Jibanananda Das was born in a small town of Barishal in 1899. 7. Begum Rokeya was born in 1880 at Pairabond, a village in the district of Rangpur. 8. Zainul Abedin was born at a village in Kishoreganj in 1914. 9. Ravindranath Tagore was one of the most leading poets I'm the history of world literature. 10. The world is full of great men. 11. The Eiffel Tower in Paris was named after Gustave Eiffel, a Frenchman who built the tower. 12. Marconi was an Italian Inventor. 13. Jonathan Swift was born of English parents in Dublin in 1667. 14. George Washington was the first President of the USA. 15. Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of modern age, was born of Jewish parents in Germany in 1879 AD. 16. Lord Byron was an English poet lived from 1788 to 1824. 17. Sher-e- Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq was born in 1872 at the village of Chakhar in Barishal. 18. John Donne was born in 1573 in London. 19. Cricket is one of the most popular games, especially, one day cricket. Question Number: 6 ( Cloze Test with clues) 1. Nature has made an.... 2. Time and tide wait for none. No.... 3. Floods cause huge damages. They.... 4. Road accidents have become a common..... 5. Man has an unquenchable thirst..... 6. Books are men's best friends in.... 7. Proper education..... 8. Patriotism is an inherent quality of... 9. Women are nowadays as important as men in society. They.... 10. Trees are gifts of..... 11. Nature has given her.... 12. A rainy day is dull and gloomy.... 13. A newspaper is a storehouse of knowledge.... 14. Honesty is a great virtue..... 15. Students should not..... 16. Travelling is very interesting. It is a part of.... 17. Physical exercise means the regular movement of different parts of the body.... 18. Dengue fever is one of the fatal diseases.... 19. Student life is the most useful and..... 20. People use internet for personal and.... 21. Education is compared light. Proper education provides a learner with .... 22. Our freedom fighters are the real heroes of our country..... 23. We live in age of science. We can see the influence of science in every..... 24. Student life is a life of.... 25. Good health means the... Question Number: 7 (Cloze Test without Clues) 1. A book fair is our best friend. By.... 2. Truthfulness is a novel virtue. It is... 3. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated country.... 4. Manner is the mirror if human character. Good manner is an integral part.... 5. Television is the most widely used.... 6. Education is one of the basic needs of human being. It is essential.... 7. Honesty is a great virtue. It helps a man to.... 8. Man cannot live ..... 9. Patriotism is love for one's.... 10. An honest man is a true to.... 11. We live in Bangladesh. We..... 12. Modern science... 13. There are so many trees and plants in Bangladesh. Trees are.... 14. Sincerity is the key to success.... 15. Kazi Nazrul Islam is.... Question Number: 8 (Matching Sentences) 1. Education is the.... 2. Early rising.... 3. Illiteracy is a curse..... 4. Everyone has to..... 5. Culture is... 6. Our freedom fighters are... 7. Unemployment is.... 8. Culture is s complete picture.... 9. People do not eat the same food..... 10. Character is practically..... 11. Newspaper carries news and views.... 12. An educated mother... 13. We earn money so that.... 14. Education... 15. Today most of the students.... 16. Drug bear a terrible effect.... 17. A teacher plays a vital role in.... 18. Frustration is the cause.... 19. A flower is regarded as the.... 20. Trees are our..... 21. Students have.... 22. Drug addiction is now.... 23. Physical exercise means... 24. The secret of success lies... 25. Punctuality means coming... Part C: Grammar (25 Marks) Question Number: 9 (Adding suitable suffix, prefix or both) 1. Kazi Nazrul Islam is very.... 2. As human beings we should gain some moral qualities..... 3. Our education remains..... 4. There was a poor farmer in a village.... 5. The importance of television is beyond..... 6. Honesty is the best of all virtues.... 7. Money is the means of leading..... 8. Dhaka is the.... 9. Our freedom fighters fought... 10. The tourist are enchanted with the natural beauties of Bangladesh... 11. Humayan Ahmed was a famous novelist of our country.... 12. Freedom fighters is a..... 13. Illiteracy means in inability to read and write...... 14. Early rising is the habit of getting up from bed early in the morning.... 15. Truthfulness is a great virtue.... 16. Perseverance is a great virtue to be..... 17. An ideal student is.... 18. Success in life depends on the proper...... 19. Teaching is a novel profession.... 20. Trees are useful to man in many ways..... 21. A good student is..... 22. Patriotism means love for one's country..... 23. Health is wealth. A man with.... 24. Eve-teasing is one of our social problems.... 25. Student life is the golden season of life.... Writing Part (D) Dialogue Writing 1. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the necessity of reading newspaper. 2. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about your preparation for the exam. 3. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the value of physical exercise 4. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the importance of learning English 5. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about your aim in life 6. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the merits and demerits mobile phone 7. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the bad effect of smoking 8. Write a dialogue between doctor and you about your illness 9. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the importance of tree plantation 10. Write a dialogue between you and your friend about the bad effect of illiteracy 11. Write a dialogue between two friends on how to make a good result Email Writing 1. An email to your friend about your Preposition for JSC exam 2. An email to your friend thanking her for the present she sent on your birthday. 3. An email to your friend congratulations him on his brilliant result in the JSC exam 4. An email to your friend inviting him/her to accompany you to a picnic 5. An email to your father asking for some money 6. An email to your friend thanking him and other members of his family for their hospitality 7. An email to your friend about the annual sports day of your school 8. An email to your friend inviting him to attend the party of your birthday 9. An email to your friend requesting him to attend the marriage ceremony of your elder sister 10. An email to your friend inviting him to visit your country Paragraph Writing 1. A School Library 2. A School Magazine 3. Traffic Jam 4. Tree Plantation 5. A Tea Stall 6. A Winter Morning 7. Our National Flag 8. A Rainy Day 9. A Street Accident 10. Load Shedding 11. A Street Hawker 12. The importance of Learning English You can also read Pargraph Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Application Important Applications for Exam Letter Writing Important Letters for Exam Story Writing Important Stories for Exam Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Dialogue Writing Important Dialogues for Exam Essay/Composition Writing Important Compositions for Exam Writing E-mail Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

comprehensive approach for learing english, english learing blog, all topics for learning english, english blog, preparation for english examinations Most Important Final English Suggestion for HSC 2027 /এইচএসসি ২০২7-এর জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চূড়ান্ত ইংরেজি সাজেশন / English 1st and 2nd Papers Suggestion for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar Jun 2 Most Important Final English Suggestion for HSC 2026 /এইচএসসি ২০২৬-এর জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চূড়ান্ত ইংরেজি সাজেশন / English 1st and 2nd Papers Suggestion for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar May 23 Most Important Final English Suggestion for SSC 2027 /এসএসসি ২০২৭-এর জন্য সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ চূড়ান্ত ইংরেজি সাজেশন Fakhruddin Babar Mar 28 Information Transfer (English 1st Paper Q. 2) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Information Transfer for HSC English 1st Paper Examination-2027 / Important Information Transfer for HSC English 1st Paper Fakhruddin Babar 2 hours ago Article (Eng 2nd Q.1 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Article Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 15 hours ago Article (Eng 2nd Q.1 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Article Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 15 hours ago Preposition (Eng 2nd Q.2 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Preposition Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 15 hours ago Preposition (Eng 2nd Q.2 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Preposition Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Special Use of Some Phrases (Eng 2nd Q.3 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Special Use of Some Phrases Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Special Use of Some Phrases (Eng 2nd Q.3 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Special Use of Some Phrases Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Completing Sentences (Eng 2nd Q.4 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Completing Sentences Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Completing Sentences (Eng 2nd Q.4 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Completing Sentences Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs (Eng 2nd Q.5 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs (Eng 2nd Q.5 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Right form of Verb / Use of Verbs Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 16 hours ago Transformation (Eng 2nd Q.6 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Transformation Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 17 hours ago Transformation (Eng 2nd Q.6 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Transformation Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 17 hours ago Narration (Eng 2nd Q.7 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Narration Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Narration (Eng 2nd Q.7 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Narration Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Pronoun Referencing (Eng 2nd Q.8 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Pronoun Referencing Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Pronoun Referencing (Eng 2nd Q.8 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Pronoun Referencing Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Modifiers (Eng 2nd Q.9 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Most Important Modifiers Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Modifiers (Eng 2nd Q.9 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Modifiers Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Connectors (Eng 2nd Q.10 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Most Important Sentence Connectors Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Connectors (Eng 2nd Q.10 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Sentence Connectors Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Synonym and Antonym (Eng 2nd Q.11 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Most Important Synonym and Antonym Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Synonym and Antonym (Eng 2nd Q.11 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Synonym and Antonym Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Punctuation (Eng 2nd Q.12 ) Suggestion for HSC 2027 / Most Important Punctuation Practice for HSC 2027 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago Punctuation (Eng 2nd Q.12 ) Suggestion for HSC 2026 / Most Important Punctuation Practice for HSC 2026 Fakhruddin Babar 2 days ago July Uprising : A Transformative Movement /July Revolution -2024 Multiple Choice & Short Question for HSC English First Paper - English for Today for Class 11 and 12 / Seen Passage for HSC Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Flow Chart Completion - Lessons' Contents & Comprehensive List Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on Beggars on Campus Inconvenience / Beggars Problem in College Campus Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on Tourist Spot Maintenance / Tourist Spot Maintenance (Jaflong) / Maintaining Tourist Spots in Bangladesh Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on 75 Years Celebration of College / Golden Jubilee / Platinum Jubilee / Centenary (100 Years Celebration) Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on Illegal Easy-bikes Causing Congestion / Easy-bikes / Easy-bikes are Causing Accidents and Traffic Jam Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on Plastic Pollution Awareness / Plastic Pollution in Increasing Alarmingly / Plastic Pollution a Great Threat to the Environment Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on Law and Order Situation is Deteriorating / Mob Justice / Present Law and Order Situation / Mob Justice is Growing Alarmingly Fakhruddin Babar 3 days ago Report Writing on International Mother Language Day / 21st February Observed / International Mother Language Day / Shaheed Dibash was Observed Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Mosquito Borne Diseases / Chikungunya / Mosquito Menace/ Dengue Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Condition of Garment Workers / Garment Workers of Bangladesh / Garment Workers of Bangladesh lead a very miserable life Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Reckless Driving (Cars/Motorcycles) / Reckless Driving of Motorcycles / Reckless Driving Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Recent Earthquakes / Earthquake in Bangladesh / A Recent Earthquake in Bangladesh Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Causes of Students' Failure in English / Causes of Students' Failure in English in Bangladesh Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Impact of Facebook on Young Generation / Facebook Addiction Grasping the Youth Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Report Writing on Corruption in Bangladesh / Corruption- the greatest problem of Bangladesh Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago The Necessity of Compulsory ICT Education (Paragraph / Composition / Essay ) / Paragraph / Composition / Essay for SSC & HSC Examination Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Synonyms and Antonyms for HSC Exams-5.0 Board Questions (2025)with Answer / Synonyms & Antonyms of All HSC Board Questions 2025 with Answers Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Connectors / Linkers for HSC Examination 5.0 All Board Questions - 2025 with Answers / Linkers- HSC 2025 All Board Question with Answer / Important Connectors for HSC Examination Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Narration Practice for HSC Examination 5.0 - Board Questions(HSC - 2025) with Answer / Narration- All Board Questions with Answer Fakhruddin Babar 4 days ago Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (HSC 2024 Board Questions with Answers) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago Right form of verbs for HSC Examination Worksheet 5.0 (HSC 2025 Board Questions with Answers) Fakhruddin Babar 5 days ago © Copyright © Copyright

Paragraph,Composition,Letter,Application,Email,Dialogue,CVwith Cover Letter,Notice,Story,Graph Writing Writing Skill For Examination Better Writing Magic Sentence Variety Formal and Informal English Formal and Informal Vocabulary Students' Writing Writing Items For Examination Writing Skills for Examination Pargraph Writing Paragraph Collections Application Letter Writing Story Writing Graph, Chart, Diagram Describing Dialogue Writing Essay/Composition Writing Essay/Composition Collections E-mail CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing Important Pargraphs for Exam Important Applications for Exam Important Letters for Exam Important Stories for Exam Bar Graphs for Exam Pie Charts for Exam Important Dialogues for Exam Important Compositions for Exam Writing Important Informal E-mails for Exam Important formal E-mails for Exam CV with Cover Letter Report Writing Amplification Writing Notice Writing Purchase Order Writing Complaint Letter Writing

SSC English 1st paper MCQ SSC English 1st Question 1 & 2 SSC English 1st Question 1 & 2 SSC English 1st Question 1 & 2 SSC English 1st Question 1 & 2

Speaking for IELTS, Speaking practice for ielts, IELTS Speaking mock tests, tactics for IELTS Speaking , Speaking tests for IELTS IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING IELTS SPEAKING Test format – Speaking (11–14 minutes) The speaking section assesses your use of spoken English. Every test is recorded. Part 1 - the examiner will ask you general questions about yourself and a range of familiar topics, such as home, family, work, studies and interests. This part lasts between four and five minutes. Part 2 - you will be given a card which asks you to talk about a particular topic. You will have one minute to prepare before speaking for up to two minutes. The examiner will then ask one or two questions on the same topic. Part 3 - you will be asked further questions about the topic in Part 2. These will give you the opportunity to discuss more abstract ideas and issues. This part of the test lasts between four and five minutes. IELTS Speaking description Paper format: The Speaking test consists of an oral interview between the test takers' and an examiner. All Speaking tests are recorded. Timing: 11–14 minutes Task types: There are three parts to the test and each part fulfils a specific function in terms of interaction pattern, task input and test takers output. IELTS Speaking in detail A detailed look at the paper with links to related resources. Part 1 – Introduction and interview Task type and format: In this part, the examiner introduces him/herself and checks the test takers' identity. They then ask the test takers general questions on some familiar topics such as home, family, work, studies and interests. To ensure consistency, questions are taken from a script. Part 1 lasts for 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to communicate opinions and information on everyday topics and common experiences or situations by answering a range of questions. No. of questions: Variable Part 2 – Long turn Task type and format: Part 2 is the individual long turn. The examiner gives the test takers a task card which asks the test takers to talk about a particular topic, includes points to cover in their talk and instructs the test takers to explain one aspect of the topic. Test takers are given one minute to prepare their talk, and are given a pencil and paper to make notes. The examiner asks the test takers to talk for 1 to 2 minutes, stops the test takers after 2 minutes, and asks one or two questions on the same topic. Using the points on the task card effectively, and making notes during the preparation time, will help the test takers think of appropriate things to say, structure their talk, and keep talking for 2 minutes. Part 2 lasts 3–4 minutes, including the preparation time. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to speak at length on a given topic (without further prompts from the examiner), using appropriate language and organising ideas coherently. It is likely that the test takers will need to draw on their own experience to complete the long turn. No. of questions: Variable Part 3 – Discussion Task type and format: In Part 3, the examiner and the test takers discuss issues related to the topic in Part 2 in a more general and abstract way and, where appropriate, in greater depth. Part 3 lasts 4–5 minutes. Task focus: This part of the test focuses on the ability to express and justify opinions and to analyse, discuss and speculate about issues. No. of questions: Variable https://www.babarenglish.com/speaking-for-ielts Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests Cambridge IELTS Speaking Tests (70)70 posts https://www.babarenglish.com/babarenglish/categories/cambridge-ielts-speaking-tests-1 Speaking Parts -1 ,2,3 Comprehensive Suggestion with Answer IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 (87)87 posts IELTS Speaking Part-2 (185)185 posts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Model Answer (100)100 posts IELTS Speaking Part-1 IELTS Speaking Part 1 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-1 Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hometown IELTS Speaking Part-1 Festival IELTS Speaking Part-1 Perfume IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rain IELTS Speaking Part-1 Study IELTS Speaking Part-1 Music IELTS Speaking Part-1 Photography IELTS Speaking Part-1 School IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sky IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weather IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sharing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Markets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-1 Magazines IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sleeping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Smiling IELTS Speaking Part-1 Mobile Phone IELTS Speaking Part-1 Birthdays IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teamwork IELTS Speaking Part-1 Pets IELTS Speaking Part-1 Sports IELTS Speaking Part-1 Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Holiday IELTS Speaking Part-1 Drawing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-1 Writing IELTS Speaking Part-1 Technology IELTS Speaking Part -1 Dictionary IELTS Speaking Part-1 Shopping IELTS Speaking Part-1 Weekend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Transportation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time IELTS Speaking Part-1 Reading IELTS Speaking Part-1 Politeness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Museum IELTS Speaking Part-1 Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Help IELTS Speaking Part-1 Happiness IELTS Speaking Part-1 Friend IELTS Speaking Part-1 Dreams IELTS Speaking Part-1 Colour IELTS Speaking Part-1 Collection IELTS Speaking Part-1 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Books IELTS Speaking Part-1 Animals IELTS Speaking Part-1 Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part-1 Outdoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Computer and the Internet IELTS Speaking Part-1 Time Management IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Media IELTS Speaking Part-1 Litter / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Staying at home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Letters and Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-1 Travel and Tourism IELTS Speaking Part-1 Crowded Places IELTS Speaking Part-1 Stars / Movie IELTS Speaking Part-1 Rubbish / Garbage IELTS Speaking Part-1 Borrowing & Lending IELTS Speaking Part-1 Films / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-1 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part -1 Computer IELTS Speaking Part-1 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Bicycles IELTS Speaking Part-1 Family IELTS Speaking Part-1 TV Program IELTS Speaking Part-1 Your Name IELTS Speaking Part-1 Daily routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Social Network IELTS Speaking Part-1 Artificial Intelligent IELTS Speaking Part-1 "Neighbours & Neighbourhood" IELTS Speaking Part-1 Teachers / Teaching IELTS Speaking Part-1 Newspaper & Magazine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 Indoor Activities IELTS Speaking Part-1 House / Home IELTS Speaking Part-1 Food / Cooking IELTS Speaking Part-1 Flats / Houses / Accommodation IELTS Speaking Part -1 Daily Routine IELTS Speaking Part-1 Work / Job IELTS Speaking Part-1 Activity Near Water IELTS Speaking Part-1 Town/City Where You Live Now IELTS Speaking Part-2 IELTS Speaking Part 2 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-2 A (long) car journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a movie you have watched in a cinema or at home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a person you know who loves to grow plants (e.g., vegetables, fruits, flowers) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a piece of art that you think is good. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a place that you remember that is full of colours IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a recent outing you went on IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a skill you learned from an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a trip that you took using public transport IELTS Speaking Part-2 A a TV show that you enjoy. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A activity you do for your health or fitness IELTS Speaking Part-2 A bad online shopping experience you had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A beautiful city you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Beautiful or Handsome Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Book You Have Recently Read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A building that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Change that could improve your local area. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A change you recently made in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Child that You Know and Like a Lot IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country / city that you would like to live or work in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A country you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative person who you admire (e.g., a scientist, an inventor) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A creative project that you have worked on recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Describe a place you have recently visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A difficult decision that you made IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family business that you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A family member you are closest to IELTS Speaking Part-2 A foreign language that you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Gift You Recently Gave to Someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A goal that you hope to achieve in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good law in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 A good time you had with your friends when went out with them IELTS Speaking Part-2 A happy experience you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical building you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A historical period you would like to know more about IELTS Speaking Part-2 A home appliance that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A interesting talk or lecture IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Journey that Didn’t Go as Planned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A journey that you disliked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A kind of food people eat during a special event IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Language You Have Learned IELTS Speaking Part-2 A leisure activity that you did when you were young IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine or newspaper that you like to read IELTS Speaking Part-2 A magazine that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Member of the Your Family You Get on Well With IELTS Speaking Part-2 A new skill you would like to learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A newly built public facility (such as a park, cinema etc) that influences your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A perfect vacation away from home that you would like to have in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person / someone you would like to study or work with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person from another country that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who can use or speak a second IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who has interesting ideas or opinions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who helps to protect the environment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who made you laugh when you were a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often helps others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who often travels by plane . IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person who speaks a foreign language well IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you admire IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Person you Know Who is Kind IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you wanted to be similar to when you were growing up IELTS Speaking Part-2 A person you would like to meet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Photograph You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Advice You Recently Received / Advice you received at work or for your studies IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of clothing you enjoy wearing IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of good news you heard (from the TV or the Internet) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of software that you use often IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of technology / electronic gadget (not computer related) that you like to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A piece of art that impressed you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Piece of Art You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place near water IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place that you would like to travel to that is far away from your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 A place where you read or write (not your home) IELTS Speaking Part-2 A plan you made and later changed IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A popular tourist destination that you have visited IELTS Speaking Part-2 A positive change that you made to your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A practical skill you learned recently IELTS Speaking Part-2 A present or gift someone gave you that you really liked IELTS Speaking Part-2 A prize you would like to win IELTS Speaking Part-2 A product or application that is based on artificial intelligence IELTS Speaking Part-2 A public park or garden IELTS Speaking Part-2 A quiz or game show that you like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A recent development in your city IELTS Speaking Part-2 A school rule that you agree or disagree with IELTS Speaking Part-2 A short holiday (vacation) that was special for you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A social movement for change in your community IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Someone you Respect IELTS Speaking Part-2 A song You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A special thing that you bought at a tourist attraction IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Sports You Would Like to Learn IELTS Speaking Part-2 A subject that you did not like in the past, but now you like it IELTS Speaking Part-2 A successful thing that your friend has done IELTS Speaking Part-2 A technology that you find difficult to use IELTS Speaking Part-2 A teenager you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 A television program that you like to watch IELTS Speaking Part-2 A the happiest moment of your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time / an occasion when somebody gave you positive suggestions IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Time of the day You Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time someone didn’t tell you the whole truth about something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that a piece of equipment of yours was broken IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time that you looked at the sky IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when someone apologized to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when the vehicle you were travelling in broke down IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you are very busy IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you failed at something IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got bored when you were with others IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you got up early in the morning IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you had an unusual meal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you played an indoor game IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you saw an interesting animal IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time when you were given incorrect information IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you arrived early for an appointment IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you needed to use imagination IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you received bad service IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you solved a problem through the internet IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to a younger person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A time you taught something to an old person IELTS Speaking Part-2 A toy you were given as a child IELTS Speaking Part-2 A Useful Website. IELTS Speaking Part-2 A vocation you think is useful to society IELTS Speaking Part-2 A water sport you would like to try in the future IELTS Speaking Part-2 A website you use frequently IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do to keep healthy IELTS Speaking Part-2 An activity you do when you are alone in your free time IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement that really annoyed you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An advertisement you remember well IELTS Speaking Part-2 An environmental problem that has occurred in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An event that you organized at work which was successful IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting /An interesting book you have read IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exciting sporting event or competition that you took part in IELTS Speaking Part-2 An exercise You Know / Like IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important day you celebrate in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important event that you have celebrated IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important plant in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An important river/lake/piece of water in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 An intelligent person you know IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting conversation you had with someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An Interesting Hobby. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting job that you would like todo IELTS Speaking Part-2 An interesting journey you have been on IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when visitors came to your home IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you had to wait in a long line or queue for a long time. IELTS Speaking Part-2 An occasion when you helped someone IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old friend you enjoy talking with IELTS Speaking Part-2 An old person who is interesting IELTS Speaking Part-2 An unusual meal you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Best experience of your school/university life you have had IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Music IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favorite Room in the House IELTS Speaking Part-2 Favourite Person in the family IELTS Speaking Part-2 First day at college IELTS Speaking Part-2 How artificial intelligence could impact the future of work IELTS Speaking Part-2 One of your childhood toys that were special to you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Perfect holiday (Your idea of the perfect holiday ) IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some Good News you Recently Received IELTS Speaking Part-2 Some popular influential role models in your country IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who has had an important influence on your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone who is a good parent IELTS Speaking Part-2 Someone you know who dresses well IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something interesting that your friend has done but you haven’t IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something lost by others but found by you IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you have bought and never used IELTS Speaking Part-2 something that you made and gave to someone else IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you own and want to replace IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something that you were given that you needed IELTS Speaking Part-2 Something you bought but you were not happy with IELTS Speaking Part-2 something you own which is very important to you. IELTS Speaking Part-2 Somewhere you visited which had a lot of air pollution IELTS Speaking Part-2 The Saddest moment in your life IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your best friend from your childhood / Childhood Friend IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your dream home / A home you would like to live IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Game or Sport /a game or sport that you enjoy playing IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite hobby or pastime IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Favourite Person IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite season IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite singer or band IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your favourite song IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your hometown IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighborhood IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your Neighbour IELTS Speaking Part-2 Your visit to a museum ELTS Speaking Part-3 I ELTS Speaking Part 3 Suggestion with Answer for 2024-25 IELTS Speaking Part-3 Art IELTS Speaking Part-3 Park/ Garden IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity near or on the sea IELTS Speaking Part-3 Activity to Keep Healthy IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertisement IELTS Speaking Part-3 Advertising IELTS Speaking Part-3 AMBITION / AIM / STATUS IELTS Speaking Part-3 Animals & Pets / Wild Animal IELTS Speaking Part-3 ARCHITECTURE / HOUSING / BUILDING IELTS Speaking Part-3 Books IELTS Speaking Part-3 Business IELTS Speaking Part-3 Businessman IELTS Speaking Part-3 Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Changes in Life IELTS Speaking Part-3 Childhood IELTS Speaking Part-3 Choosing work & Work-Life balance IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 City & Countryside IELTS Speaking Part-3 Clothes IELTS Speaking Part-3 Collecting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decision Making IELTS Speaking Part-3 Decisions IELTS Speaking Part-3 Education IELTS Speaking Part-3 Elderly person IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment IELTS Speaking Part-3 Environment Pollution IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Family IELTS Speaking Part-3 Famous people/ Celebrities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Favourite Subject IELTS Speaking Part-3 Films/ Cinema / Movies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food / Meal IELTS Speaking Part-3 Food and Eating IELTS Speaking Part-3 Foreign Culture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Free time & Hobbies IELTS Speaking Part-3 Friends IELTS Speaking Part-3 Furniture IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gender Issues / Sex Discrimination IELTS Speaking Part-3 Generation Gap IELTS Speaking Part-3 Gifts IELTS Speaking Part-3 Handwriting IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Health IELTS Speaking Part-3 Historic Place IELTS Speaking Part-3 History IELTS Speaking Part-3 Holidays & Celebration IELTS Speaking Part-3 ideal home, flat or house IELTS Speaking Part-3 Internet / Website IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language IELTS Speaking Part-3 Language / Learning English IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leadership and politics IELTS Speaking Part-3 Leisure Activities IELTS Speaking Part-3 Letter / Email 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English literature , English literature basics for Examination

Report Writing, Report writing for SSC examination, Report writing for HSC examination, Reports REPORT WRITING Report is a types of composition. Usually a report is written for newspaper or television. There are several types of report Voluntary report- a person writes this kind of report by taking initiative by himself/herself. Authorized report- this type of reports is written by being told or authorized by someone else. Routine report-this type of report is written for newspaper or other media regularly on a specific topic. Special report- on any special situation this type of report is written. Internal report- this type of report is written for any internal use by an organization External report- this type of report is written to let other people know what is going on in an organization. It is more formal than an internal report. Informational report- this report only concentrates on a specific information. Analytical report- in this type of report there might be analysis, explanation and conclusion on a topic. How to write a good report A report might be on incidents, events, occasions, ceremonies or festivals. Format of writing a report Heading Name, Place, Date: Introductory paragraph/Lead ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Main Body ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Criteria for writing report A report might be written in several paragraphs It should be written in easy and lucid language A writer will describe what really has happened You can include what you have heard, seen or done It should be written in formal impersonal style. The heading of the report should be attractive and catchy. In introduction or lead you should write about time, place and necessary information about the event/incident. Basically introduction gives the answers of Who, where, when, what, and why. In the main body you should give the detail description of the event/incident in one or more paragraphs. In the ending or concluding portion the views of the people or taken initiatives might be included. What you should do Give sufficient information You should not give your own opinion in the report To include the opinions of the people you can use passive voice, direct/indirect speech. Don’t use a word or phrase repeatedly . An example A Devastating Fire at Agrabad Staff Correspondent, Chittagong, 12April 2021: A devastating fire broke out at midnight at Agrabad completely gutting the house of a local businessman. It is learnt from the locals that the fire originating from the kitchen, engulfed the adjoining rooms including the dwelling room. Hearing the hue and cry of the domestic help, the inmates of house woke up and somehow managed to save their lives leaving all the belongings that were burnt to ashes. Three persons sustained serious burn injures and properties worth Tk 5 lakh were damaged when a fire broke out at a house. Sources said the fire originated in the kitchen from a gas burner at about 11.30 pm and soon engulfed the house injuring three members of the house. All the inmates of the house were sleeping when the fire broke out. On information, fire brigade came to the spot and extinguished the fire within two hours. The injured were identified as Solaiman Ali, 55, his son Sohel, 17 and seven-year old nephew Raju. Neighbours took them to Chiitagong Medical College Hospital. As the condition of Raju was deteriorating, he was immediately shifted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH) for better treatment. However, the local people rushed to the spot but failed to bring the fire under control. On information, the fire fighters came to the spot and succeeded in extinguishing the blaze with the help of the people after two hours of frantic efforts. Some people sustained injuries while trying to douse the fire. The extent of loss caused by the fire was estimated at taka ten lakh. © Copyright

This is placeholder text. To change this content, double-click on the element and click Change Content. Special use of Words/Phrases Worksheet on Phrases/Words with special use-5.1 Complete the sentences with suitable phrase/ words given in the box:- 1. what’s it like was born would rather had better as though let alone what if have to as soon as there a) Sheikh Hasina is the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. She ––– in Gopalganj in 1947. She is the eldest of five children of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. b) ––– I finished reading over the problem, the answer leapt to my mind. Actually I was absent minded. c) You are too fat. You ––– eat two rusks and an apple every lunch. d) New Zealand is a very cold country. I ––– live in a warm country. e) Once ––– lived a farmer. He had a faithful dog. The farmer loved the dog very much. f) The girl looks very ugly. She looks ––– she didn’t sleep last night. g) I have never met any actor, ––– Shahrukh Khan. But I am his great fan. h) Please don’t worry. I am thinking what to do. You don’t ––– clean the car. i) You look very pale. ––– you consult with a lawyer? j) ––– playing in the middle of the street? You seem to be very anxious playing with risk. 2. What about No longer No sooner had but for What’s it like What if Would you mind Would rather In order to Let alone a) There have been significant changes in the types of entertainment over time. Many of these ––– exist. b) It is raining heavily. ––– the bus doesn’t come? c) I have already taken my breakfast. ––– your breakfast? d) You are hungry now. ––– taking a sandwich? e) Mr. Islam would like to go abroad. ––– he arrived at the airport than the airliner landed. f) ––– your help, I would have been in real trouble. I am very grateful to you. g) ––– living in a forest? Some people in Africa live in the forest. h) His father ––– resign his job than continue it with dishonour. He is very determined to do so. i) The boy is very poor. He cannot earn his bread ––– education. j) Accessibility to higher education in our country is very difficult. Students must work hard ––– get themselves admitted into universities. 3. there used to would you mind however there what if what does...look like had better as soon as needn’t a) The exam was difficult. –––, I answered all of the questions correctly. b) A: ––– the teacher comes late? B: We’ll keep silent in the class. c) We ––– have booked a table. The restaurant is empty! d) It was a total disaster in the locality. ––– was a six-month supply of food and water-but not a soul to consume it. e) It ––– be difficult to buy fresh pasta in the UK. Now you can get it everywhere even in Bangladesh. f) We ––– go home. It’s getting dark. g) He’ll be back tomorrow. I’ll give him the message ––– I see him. h) Long ago ––– lived a hare in a forest. He was always proud of his speed. A tortoise also lived nearby. i) A: ––– my garden –––? B: It looks like a piece of heaven on earth. j) A: How can I help you? B: ––– taking the boxes into the room? 4. was born wish what’s...like need not would you mind there as fast as would rather had better a) Once upon a time ––– lived a young man named Androcles. He was caught by a slave merchant who sold him to a rich man of another country. b) He is my friend for the last five years. But I did never ask him where he –––. c) I ––– resign my job than tolerate injustice. I have moral courage to raise voice against injustice. d) He can see well. He ––– ase any spectacle. e) I ––– could attend your birthday party. But I am sorry I will not be able to attend because of my examination. f) She came to our house but left immediately. It seemed she went out ––– lightning. g) It is very hot inside the room. I ––– go to the open space. h) A: ––– the tour –––? B: It’s great if you don’t mind the travel hazard. i) Flight lieutenant Birsrestha Matiur Rahman was a pilot in the Pakistan in the Pakistan Air Force when the liberation war broke out. He ––– on 29 November 1941 at his paternal house. j) A: ––– lending your ears to me? B: Oh, sure. What do you want to say? 5. there had better as if what does...look like let alone what if was born would rather have to it a) Robert Herrick was a poet and a clergyman. He ––– in London. b) He deals with me ––– I were his friend. But I do not know him. c) ––– was in China that the art of Bonsai originated perhaps more than 1000 years ago. d) It’s free. You don’t ––– pay for it. e) I ––– take coffee in lieu of tea. But I like both of them. f) I cannot ride a bicycle ––– a motor cycle. I have no money to buy any of them. g) Your mother is ill. So I think you ––– go home early. h) It’s going to become a little bit dangerous there, ––– we had it somewhere else? i) The Taj Mahal is the tomb of Mamtaj Mahal. But I have no idea about. ––– it –––. j) ––– will be somebody waiting for you at the bus stand. Hurry up. 6. There what’s it like Had better have to Would rather what if What does...look like It Let alone Was born a) ––– is a sunny day and seems that rain will not fall soon. You can go to college now. b) ––– his new pen –––? I have a nice pen. c) I cannot have a single farthing, ––– a dollar. How can I buy a new Honda? d) Many of our people do not like to speak in English. I ––– speak in English. e) ––– is no fish in the pond as the flood has inundated it recently. You will not get any fish here. f) ––– we hear any good news from him today? I hope that he will be very glad. g) We ––– do it for the sake of the country, particularly for the poor. The poor live from hand to mouth. h) You ––– sell the village home considering the future of your children. You should educate your children properly. i) The inventor of printing, Johan Gutenberg ––– in 1400 in the city of Mainz, Germany. His contribution is praiseworthy. j) ––– living in a crowded city? You seem to be unhappy living in a crowded city. 7. There was born would rather as well as used to as if had better let alone had to lest a) His income is very poor. He cannot buy an ordinary watch, ––– a costly one. b) He saw a bear coming towards him. So he climbed up a tree ––– the bear might attack him. c) Our young generation are following western culture ––– they were born in foreign countries. d) The bridge grew old. They ––– repair it. e) It is a popular restaurant. We ––– reserve a table. f) Don’t worry. It will take some time to get ––– a new place. g) It is autumn. They ––– make a journey by boat than a journey by train. h) ––– was a time when people used to travel by walking or riding on animals. But at present a revolutionary change has taken place in the transport system. i) Humayun Ahmed was a teacher, author, dramatist, playwright and filmmaker. He ––– on 13 November 1948. j) I studied psychology, medicine ––– working in a hospital to gain experience. 8. as if what’s it like as soon as would rather what if have to there it let alone had better a) A cultural function is going to be held in our college. ––– putting up the drama ‘Rakta Karabi’ by Rabindranath Tagore? b) She cannot speak properly in the class, ––– addressing before a large audience. She is naturally shy and introvert. c) You are depending on his money. ––– he fails to give you the money in proper time? He is not reliable. d) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ––– he knew the ins and outs of the incident. e) I went there to meet him. ––– I saw him, I rushed to him. f) You ––– strart for college early. The sky is getting cloudy and it might rain soon. g) I ––– seek his help. A great deal of work is still pending. h) ––– is not wise for us to wait here for her. What if she does not come at all? i) To be successful in life we ––– be disciplined. Because without leading a disciplined life, none can be great. j) Once ––– lived a farmer in a village. He lived a totally carefree life. He never thought of his future. 9. was born have to as long as what’s it like would rather it is high time let alone it what does...look like as if a) Corruption is a great sin. I ––– die than become corrupt. b) ––– living in bohemian style? c) Aristotle, a great philosopher, ––– in 384 BC. d) Mahin knows a little about internet browsing but he speaks ––– he knew everything. e) We are losing our valuable working hours as a result of traffic jam. ––– we solved this problem. f) I met him one month ago. I can hardly recall his name, ––– his address. g) ––– our house –––? h) You ––– be careful when you are crossing the road. The road is really busy. i) None can live without hope. Infact, ––– there is life there is hope. j) ––– seems that he is very sick. He can’t even talk to us. 10. as soon as what’s it like What does...look like would rather as if there was born had better let alone have to a) Health is wealth. So we all ––– follow the rules of health. b) ––– was a king named Lear. He had three daughters. c) I cannot even remember his name, ––– his address. d) ––– eating an unboiled egg? This must be injurious to health. e) I ––– apply for the job. Unemployed life seems very boring to me now. f) He needed our help. We ––– help him than walk home. g) We spent much time. We should now conclude ––– possible. h) He ––– with a silver spoon. But now he leads a very miserable life. i) Kashem comes of a poor family. But his activities are such ––– he were born into a rich family. j) Teacher: ––– your sister –––,Jenny? 11. far and wide so that enough to Crocodile tears all the best make sense rule out keep body & soul together as though as soon as a) This is a wrong proposal. People will ––– the proposal. b) He made abrupt comments which hardly –––. This is his nature. c) After a long time we are meeting. I wish you –––. d) He caused pains to me. Now he sheds ––– for me. e) The poor earn very little to –––. They cannot hope for the best. f) His fame spread –––. He is a famous professor. g) ––– he came, we all stood up. He is our principal. h) He is wise ––– understand what I say. He is my close friend. i) He walked very fast ––– he could reach there in time. j) The unknown person talked ––– he were mad. 12. there what does....look like let alone as soon as as if have to what’s it like would rather had better was born a) We ––– be conscious about environment pollution. It's, our duty to keep the environment clean and danger free. b) You ––– go to the concert than stay at home. The concert is always enjoyable. c) We ––– stop cutting down trees. Deforestation is detrimental to environment. d) He can't recall the incident, ––– the cause of it. He became a victim of it. e) It looks ––– it’s going to rain. Eveybody expects rain. f) I plan to move ––– I find another apartment. I want to live in an apartment. g) ––– listening to others? You don't want to talk to others. h) Daughter Mom, ––– an albatross –––? i) ––– seemed to be no doubt about it. It is wonderful. j) Sir Walter Scott was both a poet and a novelist. He ––– in 1771. 13. had better as long as there have to in case lest let alone as if what if hardly had a) Our parents sacrifice a lot for us. We ––– abide by them. b) ––– we reached the station before the train left. c) Here is nobody to help me. Please help me ––– I call you. d) Mother is calling you. You ––– go home. e) Once upon a time ––– lived an honest woodcutter in a village. f) He is a poor man. He cannot afford to travel by an AC bus, ––– by an airplane. g) We are in the room. ––– it rains outside? h) She has an urgent piece of business in Dhaka. She should start ––– she can. i) The wooden bridge was very old. The villagers repaired it ––– it might break down. j) The boy made a pure fun. He acted ––– he were mad. 14. had better there was born no sooner had would you mind enough to as soon as had to what does...look like would rather a) The road was very busy. He ––– drive carefully. b) He is close fisted man. He ––– deposit his money in a bank than spend it for own use. c) My father is physically fit. He is fit ––– run for miles at a stretch. d) A : ––– your cell phone? B : It is quite slim and light. e) ––– the teacher entered the class room, the students stood up. f) He is very sick. He ––– go to a doctor. g) Many well off people live in our district. But ––– is no good school here. h) Dr. Muhammad Yunus is a man of Nobel laureate. He ––– in Chattogram. i) ––– he received the message than he sent me. j) I offer you a cup of tea, ––– taking it? 15. has to let alone what if lest as if in case it is time wished used to what’s...like a) You had better take the keys ––– I am out. b) The teacher was angry as he did not do his homework. He ––– he had done his homework. c) There is not enough room for us, ––– any guests. d) He is suffering from diabetes. He ––– give up sugar. e) English is very important for us. ––– we adopted proper steps for learning English. f) We have to catch the 4:30 bus. ––– he comes late? g) He is ––– driving at a high speed. It can be very dangerous. h) A : ––– the university admission test? B : It's really hard and competitive. i) He went on speaking ––– I had not said anything. j) He saved some money for the future. He did so ––– he should fall into monetary crisis. 16. could not as though it is should have had had finished had to no sooner in case neither a) Rabindranath was living in London. He ––– live with an English family there. b) I have invited some colleagues to dinner. I will buy some candles ––– there is a power-cut. c) We reached the station at the eleventh hour. ––– had we reached the station than the train started. d) I was in a hurry. I ––– talk to her. e) Tired as I was I ––– the work. Then I went to bed. f) She always dislikes him. He behaves ––– he were mad. g) He does not know what he wants. He is ––– satisfied nor happy. h) I ––– my lunch before you came. Where did you go? i) ––– five years since I saw you. When are you coming back? j) You failed the test because you didn't study. You ––– studied for the test. 17. act upto there would rather have to broke though keep up broke away coming down cut off come by a) We missed our train. We ––– return home. b) I am already late for the college. I ––– start right now. c) He searched every corner of his room. ––– wasn’t any book in the room. d) He is a good boy. He always ––– his teacher's advice. e) A war broke out in the border. The soldiers ––– the enemy’s line f) Police block all the roads. Because a convict ––– from the prison. g) This is a very valuable stone. How did you ––– this stone? h) You spend a lot of money. Try to ––– your budget. i) You have done well in the examination, –––it –––. j) The price of rice is –––. It will reduce the sufferings of the people. 18. used to what if provided what’s...like in case would rather let alone as though scarcely had lest a) The man takes an umbrella ––– it rains. b) They will be playing football ––– the weather is propitious. c) I helped him in his danger but he spoke with me ––– I were a stranger to him. d) ––– the rain stopped when we resumed our journey. e) He ––– reveal the truth than hide it. f) Work with honesty and sincerity ––– you should suffer in the long run. g) The man is old and feeble. He can't walk properly, ––– run a race. h) You got GPA 5 in the previous exam. ––– you will fail in the coming HSC exam? i) There is a big play ground near our college. I ––– play there in my boyhood. j) ––– your new abode –––? 19. as if as fast as what’s it like would rather as soon as what if let alone had better lest would you mind a) We are a developing nation. We should make the best use of our resources ––– we might lag behind. b) ––– jumping from plane with a parachute? It must be thrilling. c) I stopped ––– I met my friend. It is many years since I saw him last. d) It is noon. But it is dark all around as the cloud has covered the sky. It looks –––itwere evening. e) Salam feels pain in his chest. He ––– go back to the hospital for a scan next week. f) Though I am poor, I hate begging. I ––– die than beg. g) The box is too heavy for me to carry. ––– helping me to carry it? h) I am now hot in a position to lend you one thousand taka, ––– one lakh. i) A: ––– you miss the college bus? B : No problem. I will hire a taxi. j) A : The time is very short. Write ––– you can. B : I’m trying my best. 20. as soon as had to let alone according to as if no sooner had had better would rather look forward to would have a) These students must succeed. They are studying ––– their teachers' instructions. b) My friend is a fearless soldier. He ––– die than surrender. c) We were not late to start. But ––– we reached the venue than the doors were closed. d) The company chief is not much rigid. If he had been requested properly, he ––– granted your appeal. e) Nelson Mandela became president. But he ––– spend decades behind the bars before that. f) She doesn’t even speak her own language well, ––– French. g) ––– he caught sight of a policeman, he ran away. h) She felt ––– all her worries had gone. i) Kennedy once said, "I ––– an America which will not be afraid of grace and beauty." j) You need a smooth journey. So, you ––– go by train. 21. what if let alone had better get used to used to look down upon would rather as soon as what’s it like there a) She is averse to literature. She does not admire tragedy, ––– poetry. b) The hunter aimed at a bird. ––– he pulled the string of the bow, it flew away. c) ––– stood a tea stall under the banyan tree. d) The whole area is already covered by rain water. –––, it rains again? e) The canal had silted up making it difficult for the villagers to transport their agricultural produces. They ––– re-excavate it. f) You look ill. You ––– stay at home than go to work. g) Teach your child not to ––– the downtrodden. This teaching will make him sympathetic. h) In ancient time, people were helpless. They ––– fight against the wild animals. i) I have no idea of ––– going on a long drive. I had never such an occasion in my life. j) ––– walking in the morning. Walking is very important to keep a sound health. 22. would you mind whether...or let alone as soon as provided that have to what does ....look like would rather as if had better a) It is all the same to me ––– you come ––– not. b) It is obligatory for all to participate in campaign. Riaz ––– join us if he is physically fit. c) Russel: Have you ever seen an EGC machine? Ruffi: No, I haven’t. Have you? ––– it –––? d) I ––– have a walk around than sit idly. I like the surroundings very much here. e) The cut on your forehead looks serious. You ––– put a plaster on it. f) He doesn’t know how to speak decently, ––– to behave politely. g) It is raining heavily. 1 wouldn't go out ––– the rain stops. h) The audience burst into roar ––– Messi scored a goal at the last minute of the match. i) After the interruption, the speaker went on talking ––– nothing had happened. j) I can't understand the topic. ––– helping me get it? 23. as if have to as soon as it was born let alone would rather there had better what if a) We ––– pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar than the Sundarbans. We have already visited the Sundarbans. b) The storm was raging violently. We got out ––– it abated. c) Fardin is always boastful of his uncles. He talks ––– they were the most powerful men in the country. d) My college is far away from our house. I ––– walk a long way to go to my college. e) Jasim Uddin is a rural poet. He ––– in 1903 in a village named Tambulkhana in Faridpur. f) ––– is very hot today. Load shedding is aggravating the situation. g) Maruf cannot earn 50 marks ––– 80 marks. He is a student of average standard. h) ––– are many mango trees around our home. They give us very sweet mangoes. i) Faiaz seems to be weak. He ––– consult an experienced doctor. j) The river is calm. ––– we swim in the river? To swim in the river is a nice experience. 24. would you mind used to as if as soon as let alone had better it would rather so that what if a) He acts ––– he were rich. So nobody likes him. b) ––– eating sea fish? I think you will enjoy a lot. c) Aloka can’t afford to buy a cell phone, ––– a laptop. Actually she is very poor. d) It may rain today. You ––– leave earlier. e) Sometimes we become speechless remembering our childhood memories. We ––– swim in the river. f) ––– is many years since we first met. How time does fly! g) His mother being sick, he needs to go home ––– possible. h) We ––– develop our humanity than observe hartal and strike. Let us change our destructive culture. i) There started a heavy storm when I was about to go out. ––– I had been out there? j) He took a part time job ––– he could earn some money. He was very sincere. 25. as soon as what does...look like what if what’s it like it had better was born let alone have to would rather a) Deforestation is a matter of great concern. We ––– take immediate steps against cutting down trees at random. b) To tell a lie is a great sin. We ––– die than tell a lie. Otherwise none will believe us. c) Helmet should be used while driving a motorcycle. ––– you were driving your bike and met a serious accident? d) ––– swimming in the sea? It seems to be very heroic to me. e) ––– mother heard the news, she cried loudly. She lost her child in a car accident. f) Rome was not built in a day. ––– took a long time and hard labour to build this city. g) Rahman is a poor man. He cannot buy a shirt, ––– a car. h) Kazi Nazrul Islam is our rebel poet. He ––– in Churulia of West Bengal. i) Rina’s dress looks very dirty. It is old enough. She ––– buy a new dress. j) Rana: Hi, Robi ––– a pea-cock –––? Robi: It’s a very nice bird. It knows how to dance. 26. there what if have to No sooner had would rather lest as if let alone What does...look like be born a) The students were loitering in the corridor. ––– they seen the teacher than they entered the classroom. b) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the father of our nation. He ––– in 1920 in Tungipara of Gopalganj district. c) I can’t stand Rubel. He always acts ––– he were smarter than everyone. d) The little girl was suddenly crossing the road. A bus was passing by. As it came near the girl, the driver halted it. ––– he wouldn’t have stopped the bus? e) Shoma ––– live in a hostel than live in her relative’s home. She feels free and comfortable in the hostel. f) You started late. Now, you are walking slowly. Walk fast ––– you should miss the bus. g) He is very poor. He can’t afford to travel by an AC bus ––– an aeroplane. h) Daughter : Mom, ––– an albatross ––– ? Mother :My dear, an albatross is a very large white bird that lives in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. i) Logn ago, ––– lived a mighty warrior named Kublai Khan. He was the grandson of Chenghis Khan. j) I ––– seek advice from a doctor. I have been suffering from fever for a long time. 27. as if let alone what does...look like was born there what’s it like have to as soon as had better would rather a) In modern times, ––– has been a great change in the attitude of man regarding superstitious belief. b) Our learners develop a very poor writing skill. They cannot write fairly well even in Bangla, ––– in English. c) Some city dwellers behaviour is often too formal. They speak in such a way ––– they were never in the village. d) I have never travelled by air. ––– flying in the sky? e) Riaz : ––– the frozen mountain peak –––? Purnima : It looks like a white dome. f) Sheela is suffering from tooth-ache. She ––– see a dentist. g) Play is delayed due to rain. It will resume ––– the rain stops. h) Sohel is a very good-natured boy. He ––– stay at home than mix with bad companions. i) Milton was a poet of versatile genius. He ––– in 1608 in England. He used to believe that one should start a profession after taking necessary preparations. j) We have discussed for quite a long time. We can’t take much time any more. We ––– come to a conclusion. 28. it is high time in case lest as though no sooner had unless would you mind have to used to as long as a) There is foul smell in the room. ––– opening the windows? b) Tomorrow I will be very busy. So, I’ll say good-bye now ––– I don’t see you again. c) We ––– educate all and work hard to develop our country. d) Nobody likes Karim at all. He talks ––– he knew everything. e) The poor will continue to suffer ––– they are illiterate. f) Nobody likes you here. ––– you left this place. g) He saw a bear coming towards him. So, he climbed up a tree ––– the bear might attack him. h) Everybody disliked Rakib. He ––– do many harmful activities. i) Time is very important in our life. You cannot prosper in life ––– you make proper use of time. j) The students were talking in the class. ––– the teacher entered the class than they stopped talking. 29. there as soon as what does...look like was born what if has to as if what’s it like let alone would rather a) It was 45 years ago when a new country named Bangladesh in the world map ––– at the cost of millions of lives. b) During the liberation war of Bangladesh ––– was a great American singer George Harrison who sang for Bangladesh. c) ––– living in Bangladesh? You seem to be very happy with your life in Bangladesh. d) My foreign friend told me, “you ––– leave this country than live here. I replied, “This is my motherland.” e) In 1971 the Pakistani army did terrible atrocities against the Bangladeshis. Pakistan ––– apologize for this to Bangladesh. f) Pakistan always plays a role against Bangladesh. We cannot expect any co-operation from them ––– apology. g) The elements of anti-liberation forces came out of their cocoons ––– the father of the nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed. h) Some persons living in Bangladesh always try to make conspiracy against thecountry ––– Bangladesh were not their own country. i) The authorities of Dhaka University cut ties with Pakistan. ––– the government of Bangladesh takes initiatives to cut off diplomatic relation with Pakistan? j) Teacher: Learners, ––– the national flower of Bangladesh ––– ? 30. had better let alone as if as soon as was born what does...look like there would you mind it would rather a) The room appears to be suffocating. ––– opening the windows? b) It is raining outside. You ––– take an umbrella. c) He cannot read newspaper, ––– edit a newspaper. d) ––– lived a wise man but he was not well known to all. e) You look tired. ––– appears to me that you have worked hard. f) Ismail is a symbol of versatile genius. He ––– in a needy family. g) ––– a dinosaur –––? Have you ever seen it? h) He proceeded ––– he had never seen me. His defiant behaviour offended me. i) Panic seized me ––– I heard his roaring voice. j) Though I am in dire need of money,I ––– die than seek any financial help from him. 31. let alone as if as soon as had better what’s like if it would rather have to there a) I met him ten years ago. I can hardly recall his name, ––– his address. b) ––– has been many years since I saw him. So, I cannot recognize him. c) Don’t behave ––– you knew everything. Remember all others here are senior to you. d) You ––– build your own house than live in a rented house. House rent has increased much nowadays. e) Give him the good news ––– you meet him. f) ––– are many rivers in Bangladesh. The rivers abound with plenty of fishes. g) ––– I had a typewriter, I would type well. h) You ––– consult with a doctor. The condition of your health may deteriorate. i) ––– he –––? He is friendly and he can help you. j) Time is over. I ––– go now. 32. there let alone it as if what... look like have to as soon as was born had better would rather a) We ––– not go out today. A riot has broken out in our locality. b) ––– is a good idea to walk in the morning. One can take it as an important form of physical exercise, because it refreshes both the body and mind. c) Do you often ––– travel on business? You are always seen travelling abroad. d) Long ago, ––– lived a very pious man. His name was Hatem Tai and he was very kind-hearted. e) ––– does a clown –––? You’ve seen a clown in the circus many a time. f) ––– I see my father coming, my heart fills up with joy. I am very much fond of my father. g) I got a job at a bar. But I hate working at a bar. I ––– be a waiter than a barman. h) Kazi Nazrul Islam ––– in an impoverished family. He had to earn even when he was a small boy. i) The economic condition of Robi is very poor. He cannot afford one meal per day ––– square meals. j) After the final match of the FIFA World Cup 2014, Messi looked ––– he were completely routed. His cherished dream had been shattered. 33. unless let alone it there would you mind as if neither had better as as fast as the older...the more a) When my brother was a child, he wouldn’t look at all like my father. ––– he gets, ––– he looks like him. b) ––– are hundreds of languages spoken regularly by human beings. But everywhere of the world people speak English. c) A: They won’t be enjoying a holiday this year. B: ––– we. d) It is admitted by all that a deer can run fast. But it cannot run ––– a Cheetah. e) He loves his garden very much. He does not allow his sons to pluck anyflower,––– other children. f) I cannot carry the box on my back. ––– taking the box into the room? g) ––– is very difficult to get good grade in Bengali and English. h) It is getting dark. You ––– go home right now. i) The man was seriously injured in an accident. He would have died ––– he had been taken to a nearby hospital. j) The boy talks too much of himself. He talks ––– he knew everything. 34. had better was born would rather as soon as let alone in order to has to as if whenever there a) The students were making a noise in the class. But ––– the teacher entered the class, they kept quiet. b) It was a hot summer day. A crow felt very thirsty. So it was flying here and there ––– find water. c) Panna was a criminal. So he was always on his toes. ––– he saw the police, he hid himself. d) The man is so weak that he cannot walk. He cannot walk even a kilometer ––– five kilometers. e) ––– is a nice kitchen garden just behind our house. So we can get fresh vegetables from there. f) I am too tired to talk. I can no longer give you company. You ––– leave me and let me take rest. g) Though I am poor, I hate begging. Begging is most disreputable. I ––– die than beg. h) Michail Madhusudan Dutt was a popular Bengali poet. He ––– in a sophisticated Hindu family, but he took Christianity when he was young. i) My friend Ratul talks ––– he were a millionaire. But he comes of an impoverished family. Moreover, he is good for nothing. j) Rana is a meritorious student. He is the first boy in our class. He ––– study hard and work more to maintain his position in the class. 35. but for used to was born no sooner had had better as if it what do you mean has to what’s the matter a) Shamsur Rahman ––– in Dhaka in 1929. He is famous both as a poet and a novelist. b) ––– Diamond jumped upon the table than the lighted candle fell on the papers. It caused a great damage to Newton’s research works. c) You ––– apply to the principal of your college for granting you a stipend. He will surely see on it. d) Thomas Alva Edison was very inquisitive in his childhood. He ––– do many harmful activities. However, he made a lot of inventions. e) One evening I returned home groaning with a bad headache. My mother asked me, “––– with you? Why do you look so pale? f) ––– your timely intervention, I would have been assaulted by them. I was just a victim of circumstances. g) –––? How can a rope bite a man? It is quite unbelievable. h) He tells the matter ––– he knew it. Actually, he is quite ignorant of it. i) ––– is a good idea to walk in the morning. Morning walk is very healthful. j) A good citizen ––– perform a lot of things. These things will enable him to become a true patriot. 36. as if was born as soon as it what does...look like there have to let alone would rather had better a) Manners make a man. Students ––– practice good manners in everyday life. b) Most students in our country are weak in English. They ––– follow the advice of their teachers for improvement. c) He tries to show off his knowledge in English. He speaks English ––– he were an Englishman. d) Cox’s Bazar is a popular tourist hub. ––– are many nice hotels for tourists. e) The other day I met an old rickshawpuller. He told me that he ––– pull a rickshaw than beg. f) A poor man struggles hard to survive in our country. He can hardly earn Tk. 200 a day, ––– Tk. 2000. g) In Dhaka city, traffic jam is very common. ––– may occur anywhere anytime. h) Smoking is one of the major causes of heart attack and cancer. ––– a smoker stops smoking, he can avoid the risk of any danger. i) Have you ever heard the name of William Shakespeare? He ––– on 23rd April, 1564 in England. He was one of the greatest dramatists of the world. j) Son : Dad, ––– an alien –––? Father : Well. Aliens are believed to come from another planet. Films and science fiction tell us about them. They are really awesome. 37. was born would you mind there would rather what does...look like as if let alone had better have to as soon as a) He cannot tell my name, ––– my address. He is lying. b) The Bangladeshi cricketers have done well in the World Cup. They ––– struggle more to win the World Cup. c) ––– the earth –––? It’s not completely round. d) I ––– walk than get on the bus. This time the bus is very crowded. e) ––– I reached the station, the train left. Really I was lucky. f) Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah was a great linguist. He ––– in 1885 A.D. g) He acts ––– he were rich. So nobody likes him. h) You look sick. You ––– go home immediately. i) ––– was a boy at the door. He wanted to talk to me. j) ––– eating sea fish? I think you will enjoy a lot. 38. was born what’s...like it it let alone there would rather as soon as had better as if what if a) ––– your family –––? Our family is not so big. It’s comparatively small. b) Today is a raining day. You ––– not go to office today. c) I have a bad headache. I ––– go to doctor. d) ––– lived an old man in a village. He was very wise. e) My sister is acting ––– she were all in all. She always acts like this way. f) I’ll call you ––– I arrive. Then we will go to market. g) Prabha can’t afford to buy a cell phone, ––– a laptop. Actually she is very poor. h) Punctuality is the habit of doing things exactly in time. ––– is, of course, a good habit. i) Tajuddin Ahmed, the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh, ––– in 1925. He was a wise man. j) Rina : ––– we miss the bus? Mina : We will take a taxi then. 39. there what if was born had better as long as let alone have to as if it as soon as a) ––– is really unfortunate for a boy like him to fail in the exam. b) He cannot score a goal, ––– a hattrick. c) His mother being sick, he needs to go home ––– possible. d) The manager says alone; It seems ––– others had nothing to say. e) No one is happy with her result; She ––– understand it. f) ––– you lose your pen? g) ––– lived a very clever fox in a jungle. h) The poor will continue to suffer ––– they are illiterate. i) Zahir Raihan ––– on 19 August, 1935 in Feni. j) We ––– educate all and work hard to develop our country. 40. had better there have to would rather let alone as if it what’s it like was born as soon as a) Motin’s father is a low paid service holder. He has no ability to buy a bi-cycle for his son, ––– a motor bike. b) I’ve never travelled by air. ––– travelling in the sky? c) Let’s go to the cinema. ––– is not worth waiting any longer. d) I am tired. I ––– stay at home than go outside. e) You look very anxious. And you cannot continue your study any longer. You ––– take rest. f) I am surprised to hear his speeches. He speaks ––– he knew the ins and outs of the incident. g) Salam feels pain in his chest. He ––– go back to the hospital for a scan next week. h) Tagore ––– in 1861. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. i) ––– is no fish here. It is a swimming pool. j) I went there to meet with him. ––– I saw him, I rushed to talk to him. Worksheet on Phrases/Words with special use-5.1 Answer 1. Solution: (a) was born (b) As soon as (c) had better (d) would rather (e) there (f) as though (g) let alone (h) have to what if (j) What's it like 2. Solution: (a) no longer (b) What if (c) What about (d) Would you mind (e) No sooner had (f) But for (g) What’s it like (h) would rather (i) let alone (j) in order to 3. Solution: (a) However (b) What if (c) needn't (d) There (e) used to (f) had better (g) as soon as (h) there (i) What does ... look like (j) Would you mind 4. Solution: (a) there (b) was born (c) would rather (d) need not (e) wish (f) as fast as (g) had better (h) What’s.... like (i) was born (j) would you mind 5. Solution: (a) was born (b) as if (c) It (d) have to (e) would rather (f) let alone (g) had better (h) what if (i) what does ... look like (j) There 6. Solution: (a) It (b) What does ... look like (c) let alone (d) would rather (e) There (f) What If (g) have to (h) had better (i) was born (j) What’s it like 7. Solution: (a) let alone (b) lest (c) as if (d) had to (e) had better (f) used to (g) would rather (h) There (i) was born (j) as well as 8. Solution: (a) What’s it like (b) let alone (c) What if (d) as if (e) As soon as (f) had better (g) have to (h) It (i) would rather (j) there 9. Solution: (a) would rather (b) What's it like (c) was born (d) as if (e) It is high time (f) let alone (g) What does ... look like (h) have to (i) as long as (j) It 10. Solution: (a) have to (b) There (c) let alone (d) What’s it like (e) had better (f) would rather (g) as soon as (h) was born (i) as if (j) What does ... look like 11. Solution: (a) rule out (b) make sense (c) all the best (d) crocodile tears (e) keep body and soul together (f) far and wide (g) As soon as (h) enough to (i) so that (j) as though 12. Solution: (a) have to (b) would rather (c) had ( better (d) let alone (e) as if (f) as soon; as (g) What's it like (h) What does ... look like (i) There (j) was born 13. Solution: (a) have to (b) Hardly had (c) in case (d) had better (e) there (f) let alone (g) What if (h) as long as (i) lest (j) as if 14. Solution: (a) had to (b) would rather (c) enough to (d) What does ... look like? (e) A soon as (f) had better (g) there (h) was born (i) No sooner had (j) Would you mind 15. Solution: (a) in case (b) wished (c) let alone (d) has to (e) It is time (f) What if (g) used to (h) What's ... like (i) as if (j) lest 16. Solution: (a) had to (b) in case (c) No sooner (d) could not (e) finished (f) as though (g) neither (h) had had (i) It is (j) should have 17. Solution: (a) had to (b) would rather (c) There (d) acts upto (e) broke through (f) broke away (g) come by (h) cut off (i) keep (it) up (j) coming down 18. Solution: (a) in case (b) provided (c) as though (d) Scarcely had (e) would rather (f) lest (g) let alone (h) What if (i) used to (j) What’s ... like 19. Solution: (a) lest (b) What’s it like (c) as soon as (d) as if (e) had better (f) would rather (g) Would you mind (h) let alone (i) What if (j) as fast as 20. Solution: (a) according to (b) would rather (c) no sooner had (d) would have (e) had to (f) let alone (g) As soon as (h) as if (i) look forward to (j) had better 21. Solution: (a) let alone (b) As soon as (c) There (d) What if (e) had better (f) would rattier (g) look down upon (h) used to (i) what’s it like (j) Get used to 22. Solution: (a) whether... or (b) had better (c) What does it look like? (d) would rather (e) have to (f) let alone (g) unless (h) as soon as (i) as if (j) Would you mind 23. Solution: (a) would rather (b) as soon as (c) as if (d) have to (e) was born (f) It (g) let alone (h) There (i) had better (j) What if 24. Solution(a)as if (b) Would you mind (c) let alone (d) had better (e) used to (f) It (g) as soon as (h) would rather (i) What if (j) so that 25. Solution: (a) have to (b) would rather (c) What if (d) What’s it like (e) As soon as (f) It (g) let alone (h) was born (i) had better (j) what does ... look like 26. Solution: (a) No sooner had (b) was born (c) as if (d) What if (e) would rather (f) lest (g) let alone (h) what does ... look like (i) there (j) have to 27. Solution: (a) there (b) let alone (c) as if (d) What's it like (e) What does ... look like (f) had better (g) as soon as (h) would rather (i) was born (j) have to 28. Solution: (a) Would you mind (b) in case (c) have to (d) as though (e) as long as (f) It is high time (g) lest (h) used to (i) unless (j) No sooner had 29. Solution: (a) was born (b) there (c) What's it like (d) would rather (e) has to/ had to (f) let alone (g) as soon as (h) as if (i) What if (j) what does ... look like 30. Solution: (a) Would you mind (b) had better (c) let alone (d) There (e) It (f) was born (g) What does ... look like (h) as if (i) as soon as (j) would rather 31. Solution: (a) let alone (b) it (c) as if (d) would rather (e) as soon as (f) There (g) If (h) had better (i) What's ... like (j) have to 32. Solution: (a) had better (b) It (c) have to (d) there (e) What ... look like (f) As soon as (g) would rather (h) was born (i) let alone (j) as if 33. Solution: (a) The older ... the more (b) There (c) Neither will (d) as fast as (e) let alone (f) Would you mind (g) It (h) had better (i) unless (j) as if 34. Solution: (a) as soon as (b) in order to (c) Whenever (d) let alone (e) There (f) had better (g) would rather (h) was born (i) as if (j) has to 35. Solution: (a) was born (b) No sooner had (c) had better (d) Used to (e) What’s the matter (f) But for (g) What do you mean (h) as if (i) It (j) has to 36. Solution: (a) had better (b) have to (c) as if (d) There (e) would rather (f) let alone (g) It (h) As soon as (i) was born (j) What does ... look like 37. Solution: (a) let alone (b) have to (c) What ...look like (d) would rather (e) As soon as (f) was born (g) as if (h) had better (i) There (j) Would you mind 38. Solution: (a) What's ... like (b) would rather (c) had better (d) There (e) as if (f) as soon as (g) let alone (h) It (i) was born (j) What if 39. Solution: (a) It (b) let alone (c) as soon as (d) as if (e) had better (f) What if (g) There (h) as long as (i) was born (j) have to 40. Solution: (a) let alone (b) What's it like (c) It (d) would rather (e) have to (I) as if (g) had better (h) was born (i) There (j) As soon as

vocabulary for better english, vocabulary practice for listening,vocabulary practice for listening,vocabulary practice forwriting,vocabulary practice for reading,vocabulary practice for speaking, VOCABULARY Rules Basic Advanced Worksheets Beginner (1) Elementary (2) (PECE) Pre-intermediate (3) (JSC) Intermediate (4) (SSC) Upper-intermediate (5( (HSC) Advanced (6)(University) Without Clues With Clues With/Without Clues Rules Formal and Informal Vocabulary Proverbs for Examination Academic Vocabulary Collocations Collocation